WEAPONIZING WATER: Ancient Tactic, New Implications October 7-8, 2020

WEAPONIZING WATER: Ancient Tactic, New Implications

October 7-8, 2020

WELCOME As we proudly celebrate our 26th anniversary, the Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium, and its predecessor the Colby Symposium, have become a signature event of the nation’s oldest private military college. The worldwide pandemic has made 2020 an especially challenging year for both the university and the symposium. For the first time it will be presented virtually by a panel of experts who will address the crucially important topic of water and how it is being weaponized as an instrument of war.

Our prominence as one of the nation’s most respected academic events, and the only program of its kind at an American university, is in the finest tradition of our founder Captain Alden Partridge. As we have done since its inception, the symposium continues to recruit a wide variety of outstanding writers to educate, inform and inspire our students and the members of the Norwich community on a wide variety of important and relevant topics that dominate the uncertain world of the 21st century.

Since our beginning in 1996, we have hosted well over 100 military writers, historians, journalists and biographers that have included many of the brightest names in their field. From 1999 until today, the event has been further enhanced by the creation of the William E. Colby Award, a prestigious literary prize.

Through the generosity of the Pritzker Military Foundation, the award recipient receives a $5,000 honorarium and is hosted for an appearance, either in person or virtually, at the Pritzker Military Museum and Library in Chicago, Ill. This year’s winner, Adam Higginbotham, author of Midnight at Chernobyl, will be interviewed on the television program “Pritzker Military Presents” at a date yet to be determined.

I sincerely thank and salute the great dedication and sservice of the university staff, volunteers and donors who make this unique event possible.

Carlo D’Este ’58 Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium and Colby Award co-founder 1

WORDS FROM THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR It is a great honor to welcome you to the 2020 Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium, featuring the William E. Colby Award. The Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium - now a revered Norwich tradition—aligns perfectly with Alden Partridge’s model of experiential learning.

Captain Partridge believed in “learning by doing.” It is one of the ways in which we educate our students to become patriotic and useful citizens. Doing involves more than reading about history in books, it involves engaging in thoughtful discourse with the historians, authors and scholars themselves, asking questions, and applying the lessons learned to current events and situations.

Speaking of current events, this year is significant as we have had to transition to a virtual Symposium due to the global pandemic. Yet, there is always a silver lining. We are taking advantage of the virtual environment to introduce new dimensions to our program that enable us to promote the event to a broader audience and engage new participants beyond our Northfield, Vermont campus. As the Symposium is the only one of its kind in the United States and is a signature event of the Norwich University Peace and War Center, our goal is to enable this year’s event to be recognized on a global scale and virtual programming makes that possible.

Water has been used as a weapon for thousands of years. Poisoning, damming, controlling, and diverting are tactics of antiquity, but are still being used in the 21st century. From the power struggle in the Arctic, the war over water in the Middle East, and conflicts in Africa from depleted water resources, the intersection of the environment and security is one of the most significant global challenges faced by humankind. Norwich intends to be a thought leader in environmental security through NU’s Environmental Security Initiative. This joint endeavor of the Peace and War Center and the Center for Global Resilience and Security, two of our university’s three research centers of excellence, enables us to place the topic front and center across all our networks.

We are fortunate to have a remarkable panel to discuss how water is weaponized throughout the world. They are brilliant thinkers who contemplate the nexus between the environment, climate conditions, and conflict. David Kilcullen, Sherri Goodman, Adam Higginbotham, and Nadir al-Ansari are each in their own right noteworthy. We are honored that they are contributors to this year’s Symposium. We are also proud to honor Adam Higginbotham and present him with the 2020 Colby Award. His first book, Midnight in Chernobyl: The Untold Story of the World’s Greatest Nuclear Disaster, illuminates one of history’s greatest technological failures. Finally, Nicole Navarro ’21, the 2020 Richard S. Schultz ’60 Symposium Fellow, will present her research on China’s maritime Silk Road strategy.

This is a challenging yet exciting time for Norwich University, the Peace and War Center, and for the Symposium. Norwich has overcome numerous challenges over its 200 year history by leaders who were creative, intelligent, and possessed resilience and grit. Now is such a time where these same attributes are required for our continued success. I am pleased and grateful that you are participating in this year’s Military Writers’ Symposium experience. Thank you to those who continue to generously support the Symposium and a special thanks to the unwavering support from the Pritzker Military Museum & Library and the Pritzker Military Foundation. Your unbridled passion for the Military Writers’ Symposium and the Colby Award continues to bring Norwich students face-to-face with some of the most prominent military writers, historians, journalists, and thinkers of our time, making a profound difference in their lives.

W. Travis Morris Executive Director, NU Military Writers’ Symposium

Director, Peace and War Center

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WEAPONIZING WATER: Ancient Tactic, New Implications

This is a critical topic that all leaders and engaged citizens should understand.

Water and warfare share a long history, and today’s implications are equally strategic and tactical. Norwich aims to be a thought-leader in this domain.

Norwich University’s Environmental Security Initiative, a joint endeavor by the Peace and War Center and the Center for Global Resilience and Security, examines the nexus between environmental issues that intertwine with security concerns through research, internships, experimental learning opportunities, and programming.

SYMPOSIUM SCHEDULE AND SPEAKERS WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 7, 2020 We do ask that you register for the Wednesday sessions. https://register.gotowebinar.com/ register/7564873504923160333

DR. NADHIR AL-ANSARI Globally Recognized Engineer and Author Analyzing the Complexities of Hydro-politics and Conflict of Tigris and Euphrates Rivers 9 – 10 a.m. EST

DR. DAVID KILCULLEN Leading Global Security Expert, Thought Leader COVID, Conflict and Water: Lessons from the Arab Spring 10:30 – 11:30 a.m. EST

ADAM HIGGINBOTHAM 2020 Colby Award Winner Midnight in Chernobyl: The Untold Story of the World’s Greatest Nuclear Disaster 12 – 1 p.m. EST

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HON. SHERRI GOODMAN Leading Environmental Security Expert Water and Climate Security in an Age of Global Disruption 2 – 3 p.m. EST

RANDY BROWN Author and Journalist Aiming to Publish: Military-themed Writing Tips, Techniques, and Markets 4 – 5 p.m. EST

NICOLE NAVARRO ’21 The 2020 Richard S. Schultz ’60 Symposium Fellow How the People’s Republic of China is Weaponizing Water Ports to Control Business, Politics, Perspective and Trade in Tanzania.

Presentation of Carlo D’Este Award The Carlo D’Este ’58 Military History Award is a $1,000 prize presented to an outstanding undergraduate senior pursuing a degree in history or studies in war and peace.

6 – 7 p.m. EST

OCTOBER 8, 2020 The Military Writers’ Symposium Panel 12 p.m. EST MODERATOR: COL. WILLIAM LYONS, Executive, Entrepreneur, Leader

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2020 PARTICIPANTS DR. NADHIR AL-ANSARI Globally Recognized Engineer and Author A professor at the department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering at Lulea Technical University Sweden. Research interests are mainly in Water Resources and Environment. Served several academic administrative post (Dean, Head of Department).Publications include more than 620 articles in international/national journals, chapters in books and 18 books and special issues. He executed more than 30 major research projects in Iraq, Jordan and UK. Awarded several scientific and educational awards, among them is the British Council on its 70th Anniversary awarded him top five scientists in Cultural Relations.

DR. DAVID KILCULLEN Leading Global Security Expert, Thought Leader David Kilcullen was a senior fellow at New America and currently is a professor of practice in the School of Politics and Global Studies at Arizona State University where he teaches in the MA in Global Security. He is also a professor in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of New South Wales and heads the strategic research firm Cordillera Applications Group. A former soldier and diplomat, he served as a counterinsurgency advisor during the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, advising both Condoleezza Rice and Gen. David Petraeus. In recent years he has supported aid agencies, non-government organizations, and local communities in conflict and disasteraffected regions, and developed new ways to think about highly networked urban environments. Dr. Kilcullen was named one of the Foreign Policy Top 100 Global Thinkers in 2009 and is the author of The Accidental Guerrilla, Out of the Mountains, and Blood Year in addition tohis most recent book The Dragons and the Snakes.

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2020 PARTICIPANTS HON. SHERRI GOODMAN Leading Environmental Security Expert Sherri Goodman is a senior fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center’s Polar Institute and Environmental Change & Security Program, as well as a senior strategist at the Center for Climate & Security. Goodman is the secretary general of the International Military Council on Climate & Security (IMCCS), representing over 35 military and national security organizations across the globe.

The former president and CEO of the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Goodman served as senior vice president and general counsel of CNA (U.S. Center for Naval Analyses). She is the founder and executive director of the CNA Military Advisory Board, whose landmark reports include National Security and the Threat of Climate Change (2007), National Security and the Accelerating Risks of Climate Change (2014), and Advanced Energy and U.S. National Security (2017).

Goodman served as the first Deputy Undersecretary of Defense (Environmental Security) and has twice received the DOD medal for Distinguished Public Service.

RANDY BROWN Author and Journalist Randy Brown embedded with his former Iowa Army National Guard unit as a civilian journalist in Afghanistan, May-June 2011. A 20-year veteran with one overseas deployment, he subsequently authored the poetry collection Welcome to FOB Haiku: War Poems from Inside the Wire. Before launching a freelance writing and editing business in 2002, he was editor of national trade and consumer “how-to” magazines, as well as of community and metro newspapers. His war poetry and non-fiction have appeared widely on-line and in print— including the forthcoming True War Stories anthology from Z2 Comics. Brown co-edited the 2019 anthology Why We Write: Craft Essays on Writing War, a project published in partnership with the non-profit Military Writers Guild.

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2020 PARTICIPANTS NICOLE NAVARRO ’21 Richard S. Schultz ’60 Symposium Fellow Nicole Navarro hails from San Antonio, Texas, and chose to attend Norwich to obtain a commission as an officer in the U.S. Navy. As a political science major, she has a strong passion for history and subsequently added it as a minor.

She was chosen as the 2020 research officer for the Olmsted team. Navarro is the president of the Norwich debate team as well as a member of the women’s rugby team. She is the alternative spring break coordinator for the Center for Civic Engagement. After graduation, she will commission as an Ensign in the U.S. Navy and hopes to become a Surface Warfare Officer (SWO).

WILLIAM LYONS ’90 Executive, Entrepreneur, Leader William F. Lyons, Jr. is the founder and chief executive officer of Fort Hill Companies LLC, a Boston-based consulting firm. Lyons has more than 30 years of experience in consulting, government, and technology, and is a highly respected executive, entrepreneur, and thought leader. In the last ten years, Lyons’s firm has executed projects in eighteen countries on five continents for U.S. government clients, including the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Agency for International Development, and Special Operations Command South. He is a combat veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom, for which he served as the human intelligence operations officer for the Iraqi Theater of Operation. He recently retired as a colonel in the Army Reserves, having served most of his career in military intelligence. A graduate of Norwich University, Lyons has served as a senior fellow in the Center for Global Resilience & Security, as an adjunct faculty member in the David Crawford School of Engineering, and as a consultant to the Norwich University Applied Research Institutes (NUARI), supporting energy resilience initiatives. His research interests include environmental security, sustainable urban design in developing countries, and new urban mobility. He is widely published in academic journals, trade journals, and 8

2020 WILLIAM E. COLBY AWARD ADAM HIGGINBOTHAM 2020 Colby Award Winner Adam Higginbotham was born in England in 1968. His narrative non-fiction and feature writing has appeared in magazines including The New Yorker, Wired, Smithsonian and The New York Times Magazine. Many of his stories have been optioned for development in film and TV. His first book, Midnight In Chernobyl: The Untold Story of the World’s Greatest Nuclear Disaster, published in the United States by Simon & Schuster in 2019, is an international bestseller, and has been translated into 20 languages. It was named one of the New York Times’ Ten Best Books of the Year, won the 2020 William E. Colby Award for military and intelligence writing, and awarded the 2020 Andrew Carnegie Medal for Excellence in Non-fiction. .

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PARTNERSHIP THE NORWICH UNIVERSITY MILITARY WRITERS’ SYMPOSIUM AND THE PRITZKER MILITARY MUSEUM & LIBRARY The Pritzker Military Museum & Library is proud to partner with Norwich University to help solidify the university as a regional center on military history and affairs.

As both a private university and a non-government organization, Norwich and the Museum & Library share strong stakes in the study of military history and affairs as they have a deep impact on the character of who we are as a country. Together, the Museum & Library and Norwich build awareness of the importance of study of military history and affairs and the role of the military in a democracy.

The Museum & Library’s sponsorship of the Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium helps further promote it as a world-class forum that features established and emerging scholars in the field of military history and affairs.

In addition, by bringing Colby Award winners to Chicago to be featured on the Museum & Library’s television series “Pritzker Military Presents,” the Museum & Library draws greater attention to the Award and drives Norwich University’s message and mission into another region.

The Pritzker Military Museum & Library is located in downtown Chicago, Illinois.

Open to the public, the Museum & Library features an extensive collection of books, programs, artifacts, and rotating exhibits covering many eras and branches of the military that are available to visitors in person and online at pritzkermilitary.org.

Opened in 2003, the Pritzker Military Museum & Library is a center where citizens and service members come together to learn about military history and affairs. Each year, the Museum & Library awards the prestigious Pritzker Military Museum & Library Literature Award for Lifetime Achievement in Military Writing to recognize a living author who has made a lifetime contribution to the understanding of military history affairs. The Museum & Library is a living memorial to current and former service members and their families and is supported by its members and sponsors.

www.pritzkermilitary.org 10

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RICHARD S. SCHULTZ ’60 SYMPOSIUM FELLOWSHIP The Richard S. Schultz ’60 Symposium Fellowship was established in 2017 as an endowed fund in honor of “Dick” by his wife of fifty years, Myrna L. Schultz, their children Marni and Alan, and his classmates and friends.

The fellowship enables Norwich undergraduates, from any academic discipline, the opportunity to pursue areas of inquiry and experiences that will promote and expand their understanding of the past and how it impacts the present and future.

Through research, travel, and inquiry the Schultz Fellow and faculty advisor will offer perspectives for us to face the future with better understanding and confidence.

After a wide solicitation and competitive selection process, this annual fellowship is granted by the Norwich University Peace and War Center to an undergraduate student for a single project that may involve additional Norwich undergraduate students.

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RICHARD S. SCHULTZ ’60 SYMPOSIUM FELLOWSHIP NICOLE NAVARRO ’21 How the People’s Republic of China is Weaponizing Water Ports to Control Business, Politics, Perspective and Trade in Tanzania.

Nicole Navarro is a Senior from San Antonio, Texas. She chose to attend Norwich to obtain a commission as an officer in the US Navy. As a political science major, she found a strong passion for history and added it as a minor. She was chosen as the 2020 research officer for the Olmsted Foundation team. Along with being president of the Norwich debate team she is also apart of the women’s rugby team and is the alternative break coordinator for the Center for Civic Engagement. After graduation, she will commission as an Ensign in the US Navy with the hopes to become a Surface Warfare Officer (SWO).

“As a Richard S. Schultz Colby Symposium Fellow, I have been able to critically examine and analyze the significance of China’s investments in Sub-Saharan Africa – specifically through their influence and control of deepwater ports for military, commercial and political purposes.

As a result, I have a much fuller understanding of how international diplomacy, business strategy and economic development converge to create opportunities for US security risks.”

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CARLO D’ESTE ’58 MILITARY HISTORY AWARD The Carlo D’Este ’58 Military History Award is a $1,000 award presented to an outstanding undergraduate senior pursuing a history or studies in war and peace major. The student is selected by Norwich University history faculty and the director of the Peace and War Center. The award is generously funded by COL Jerry Morelock, USA (Ret.) It is presented in honor of Carlo D’Este ’58, co-founder of the Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium and the Colby Award, in recognition of his legacy to Norwich, the Colby, and his incredible contribution to the field of military history

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CARLO D’ESTE ’58 MILITARY HISTORY AWARD ALEX ROLLINS ’21 Alex Rollins is the 2020 Carlo D’Este ’58 Military History Award recipient.

Alex is a life-long lover of history from Campobello, South Carolina and he is currently a double major in History and Studies in War and Peace at Norwich University. He is attending Norwich on a four-year National Army ROTC scholarship. He attended the Basic Airborne Course, and he completed the Cultural Understanding and Leadership Program to Paraguay. Alex Rollins is on track to commission as an officer in the US Army in May of 2021.

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THANK YOU TO OUR DONORS The Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium Associates, formerly the Friends of the Colby, is an affinity group whose members seek to enhance the symposium through recommendations of authors; foster and encourage an appreciation of the program by students, faculty and the public; and grow opportunities to attract new interest.

CHAIRMAN’S MESSAGE In this, my first year serving as the Chairman of the Norwich Military Writers’ Associates, I consider myself privileged to be standing on the shoulders of giants.

For 26 years, the Norwich Military Writers’ Symposium and the Colby Award for military writing have represented one of the premier annual events held at Norwich. That is due in part to the dedication of Norwich alumni, such as Carlo ‘D’Este ‘58, my predecessor Ron Lotz ‘60, and the incredible generosity of time and resources of Ron’s classmates in the class of 1960. It is also due to the vision and hard work of many others, including Norwich President Emeritus Richard W. Schneider, the faculty and staff of both the Peace and War Center and the College of Graduate and Continuing Studies, and many additional faculty and staff who have contributed over the years. We are also privileged to have our new President, Dr. Mark C. Anarumo, leading us into the future.

This year’s event is the culmination of several years of effort, not just to pull together an outstanding topic, The Weaponization of Water, but to bring our in-person conference into the virtual world. While this year’s circumstances have required that the conference be held in cyberspace, our plan for the last several years has been to expand the Military Writers’ Symposium’s reach as well as the presentation of the Colby Award to a much wider audience via teleconferencing, multimedia, video production and much more.

We will be outreaching to a global audience this year, including cadets at service academies and private military colleges not just in the United States, but around the world. We have a continuing education component through Norwich Pro® and its online learning programs. We have created an outstanding film that showcases the event and will live on long after the Symposium’s final notes have sounded. And we have set a path for future symposiums that will fuse an incredible experience on Norwich’s campus in Northfield with a global audience enabling all to participate in the world-class program.

Though this year looked challenging, the reality is that an incredible team took what some would have called a obstacle and turned it into an opportunity. If there is a better example of the true “I Will Try” ethos of the Norwich community and the spirit of Alden Partridge, I can’t think of it.

R. Pierce Reid ‘14 Chairman, Norwich University Military Writers Associates

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IN GRADTITUDE Founders’ Circle Members (Cumulative donations since 1996) Jack Abare ’57 & P’87 COL Guy S. ’60 & Robin Huntley, USA (Ret.) Mr. & Mrs. Robert M. Johnson ’60 & H’63 COL & Mrs. Reinhard M. Lotz, USA (Ret.) ’60 Mr. & Mrs. Robert B. Mack ’64 & H’06 Barry ’68 & Marcia Meinerth Robert L. Needham ’58 Joanne Holbrook Patton W’00 COL (IL) Jennifer Natalya Pritzker, ILARNG (Ret.) H’07 Myrna L. Schultz W’60 Mary Jo Segal W’60 LTC Edward C. Smith, Jr., USA (Ret.) ’58 Philip ’73 & Peg Soucy TAWANI Foundation Pritzker Military Foundation

Authors’ Circle Members Pritzker Military Foundation

Platinum Star Members Barry ’68 & Marcia Meinerth Mary Jo Segal W’60 COL & Mrs. Reinhard M. Lotz, USA (Ret.) ’60

Silver Star Members Cheri Caddy ’90 Dr. and Mrs. Jerry Morelock COL Guy S. ’60 & Robin Huntley, USA (Ret.)

Bronze Star Members The Honorable Thaddeus Buczko ’47 & H’96 Dr. Anthony Caprio ’60 Joanne Holbrook Patton W’00 COL Reinhard M. Lotz ‘60, USA (Ret.)

Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium Associates Harold Colvocoresses Stephen ’70 & Lynn Egan, Jr. Luis & Elizabeth Figarella Myrna L. Schultz W’60 Kenneth & Bonnie Stock ’68 Mark Titus ’70 LTC Thomas H. Wright, Jr., USA (Ret.) ’75 This list reflects all gifts as of 1 October 2020. We apologize for any donors who we have not included due to our printing schedule. Your gifts sustain this one-of-a-kind program.

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NORWICH UNIVERSITY MILITARY WRITERS’ SYMPOSIUM

A program to bring influential writers to the campus of Norwich University was originally conceived by university President Emeritus W. Russell Todd. However, it would not begin to take shape until 1994 when renowned author W.E.B. Griffin, Ambassador William E. Colby, and distinguished biographer Carlo D’Este attended the 175th-anniversary Medal of Honor Gala honoring Norwich’s own Capt. James N. Burt. It was at this event that the framework of the program began-- one that would bring authors and journalists to central Vermont for the purpose of engaging with the Norwich community on the timeliest topics of the day. Supported by Norwich President Richard W. Schneider, the symposium became a reality under the leadership of its first Executive Director Ed Tracy.

In 1996, Norwich first hosted a prestigious group of writers on campus for a two-day series of lectures and panel discussions. Among them was Ambassador William E. Colby, former CIA director, South Burlington High School graduate, and Norwich honorary degree recipient. That inaugural event was known as the Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium.

After his untimely death the following year, Norwich developed the program around Bill Colby’s legacy, naming the symposium for him at a formal dedication ceremony in 1997. The purpose of the William E. Colby Military Writers’ Symposium (so named from 1997 to 2018) is to expose the Norwich campus community and the public to the works and views of authors, historians, journalists, and national figures. It seeks to educate, enlighten and inspire. The 1997 symposium featured an all-star lineup of military writers. Tom Clancy, Steven Coonts, Harold Coyle, Winston Groom, Fred Chiaventone and GEN Gordon R. Sullivan.

In 1999, the symposium established the Colby Award, an honor given to an author of a first work of fiction or non-fiction that expands the public’s understanding of military history, intelligence, or current affairs. The award’s $5,000 prize is provided through the generosity of the Pritzker Military Foundation and the Pritzker Military Museum and Library. Over the past two decades, Colby Award winners have included such authors as Nisid Hajari, Thomas McKenna, James Bradley, Nathaniel Fick, Jack Jacobs, Dexter Filkins, Marcus Luttrell, John Glusman, Karl Marlantes, Logan Beirne, and David Barron.

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In 2017, the symposium became a signature event of the Norwich University Peace and War Center, an interdisciplinary academic research center. Also that year, the symposium augmented its longtime partnership with the Pritzker Military Museum and Library in Chicago, IL. Supported by the generosity of its founder, COL (IL) Jennifer N. Pritzker, IL ARNG (Ret.), this partnership allows the symposium to further enhance and expand our programming to a wider audience.

In 2019, timed with Norwich’s bicentennial celebrations, the symposium made its debut as a fall event. Returning to its roots, the Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium features the William E. Colby Award, and remains true to its vision to address timely, relevant, and difficult topics through author engagement and public interaction.

Over 26 seasons, through events in Vermont, Washington, D.C., and Chicago hosting to more than 100 visiting authors, the symposium has grown to the national prominence it enjoys today. Standout moments over the years include: satellite telephone discussions with war correspondents Sean Naylor from Afghanistan in 2002 and Rick Atkinson from Baghdad in 2003 on the day the Iraqi capital fell (the same week that Atkinson received the Pulitzer Prize); after-dinner remarks by Phil Caputo recalling poignant memories of his friend Walter Levy ’64, the first Norwich graduate killed in action in Vietnam; public broadcasting television programs, two moderated by CNN’s Frank Sesno; C-SPAN Book TV appearances; live programming on location during the symposium from the Dave Gram Show and the Mark Johnson Show; real-time panel Q&A from Norwich online students serving overseas; panel live stream and live broadcast; conflict site immersive “staff ride” experiences; and experiential research, travel, and immersion opportunities for students.

As we prepare to celebrate the start of the symposium’s 26th season, we do so in the knowledge that the world has changed significantly since its inception — and, appropriately, so has our program. The symposium never avoided hard issues central to the public’s understanding. The 2020 program is the latest example of our commitment to making the symposium a relevant and meaningful experience.

The Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium is not just unique, but the only program of its kind at an American university. Through the support of Norwich University Presidents W. Russell Todd and Richard W. Schneider; the vision of co-founders W.E.B. Griffin and Carlo D’Este, the leadership of inaugural Executive Director Ed Tracy; the guidance of Norwich faculty directors Reina Pennington, Rowly Brucken, Steve Sodergren, Bud Knauf, and Travis Morris; the stewardship of dozens of the volunteers and donors of the NU Military Writers’ Symposium Associates under chairman Ron Lotz ’60; and the enthusiasm of hundreds of attendees, this program has created the opportunity to host the most prominent military writers and historians of our time to gain a better understanding of the world through their eyes.

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PEACE & WAR CENTER AT NORWICH UNIVERSITY John and Mary Frances Patton Peace and War Center (PaWC) was established in June 2015 to advance interdisciplinary knowledge for students, scholars, practitioners on the relationship between peace and warfare at local, national and global levels. Travis Morris, associate professor of criminal justice and criminology, is the first director of the Peace and War Center and oversees the center’s work in conjunction with an advisory board. The 2020 Norwich University Military Writers’ Symposium and the William E. Colby Award are Peace and War Center signature programs.

This partnership between the Peace and War Center and the symposium has increased opportunities to engage students and faculty from across Norwich University’s five academic colleges and allows for expansion and innovation in the Colby’s programs.

Other Peace and War Center activities:

THE JOURNAL OF PEACE AND WAR STUDIES (JPWS): Aims to promote and disseminate high-quality research on peace and war throughout the international academic community.

The second annual issue, published in October 2020, launches a publication that seeks to provide policy makers with in-depth analyses of contemporary issues and policy alternatives. JPWS is an annual peer reviewed journal.

OLMSTED FOUNDATION:

FIELD STUDY: EXAMINING THE ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT Norwich University Peace and War Center

NORWIC H UNIVERSITY

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Special Thanks to the Olmsted Foundation

The 2020 team during a planning meeting.

2020 FIELD STUDY: EGYPT Norwich University • 158 Harmon Drive, Northfield, VT 05663 • norwich.edu

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Norwich University Peace and War Center In appreciation of the George and Carol Olmsted Foundation

MAJOR GENERAL JOHN AND MARY FRANCES PATTON Major General John S. Patton has served as military adviser to the chairman and executive officer of the Reserve Forces Policy Board, Office of the Secretary of Defense since January 1969. The Reserve Forces Policy Board serves as the principal policy advisory group to the secretary of defense on matters pertaining to the Reserve Components of the Armed Forces. The board is assisted by an advisory panel on ROTC affairs.

General Patton was born in Carthage, Mo., in 1918, and graduated from Turlock, Calif., High School in 1935. He graduated from the University of Southern California in 1941 with a bachelor of science degree in marketing, magna cum laude, and received his doctor of philosophy degree in international relations from American University in 1963. He attended the National War College in Washington, D.C., during 1955-1956, the first civilian employee of the Air Force to be selected to attend.

“The Pattons are two of the smartest people I have ever met. Mary Frances always carried herself with such grace and John was always a gentleman who was constantly interested in what he could do to help Norwich, even after he had retired from the board. I frequently received calls and letters from him with some fantastic ideas.

Together, they were an incredibly articulate and sophisticated couple who bled Maroon and Gold.

They both took a profound interest in the Peace and War Center, and made provisions for the generous support of it in their estate.”

– President Emeritus Richard W. Schneider, RADM, USCGR (Ret.)

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MAJOR GENERAL JOHN AND MARY FRANCES PATTON

He was promoted to the grade of major general effective May 19, 1967. His distinguished career in the service of the U.S. Government, as a military reserve officer and as a civilian executive in the Department of Defense and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, began when he enlisted in the U.S. Naval Reserve in August 1941.

He entered active duty in January 1942, was commissioned as ensign in May 1942. He completed Bomb Disposal School then served on the USS Enterprise in South Pacific combat duty from October 1942 to May 1943.

He subsequently was a bomb damage assessment and targeting liaison officer with the British Ministry of Home Security and the U.S. Eighth Air Force in England. He next was assigned to the Joint Target Group in Washington, D.C., supporting the XXI Bomber Command in the strategic air offensive against Japan. He was a lieutenant commander when relieved from active duty in September 1946.

In 1949 General Patton transferred from the Naval Reserve to the Air Force Reserve in the grade of major. He was attached to Headquarters Strategic Air Command for 11 years as an intelligence staff officer. In 1961 he was transferred to Headquarters U.S. Air Force Security Service as assistant to the commander and visited many oversea units. In April 1968 he became 22

MAJOR GENERAL JOHN AND MARY FRANCES PATTON assistant to the director of doctrine, concepts and objectives, Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations, Headquarters U.S. Air Force.

After his release from active duty in 1946, he joined Headquarters U.S. Air Force as a civilian weapons and intelligence analyst with the Air Targets Division. In 1950 he became a charter member of the Special Study Group and was assigned to it and its successor organization, the Special Advisory Group, until 1967. While with these groups, he was detached for full-time special assignments, including the Advanced Research Projects Agency, Department of Defense, 1958-1959, where as deputy director for plans and policy, he played a key role in the establishment of the national space tracking network; participation in the 1958 Department of Defense reorganization panel; and 1963 service with Project Forecast, the Air Force’s 10-year planning effort for the development of advanced weapons systems.

From 1964 until 1967, he was a full-time consultant to the assistant chief of staff, studies and analysis, Headquarters U.S. Air Force, concentrating on major cost effectiveness problems and research.

In September 1967, he accepted an appointment as special adviser to the assistant administrator for policy, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. He was placed on military furlough by NASA when he was recalled to extended active duty.

“The Patton Center is well named. My experience with the Pattons through intersections involving the Board of Fellows and Board of Trustees was always very positive. Both were modest, helpful, congenial, articulate, and highly intelligent advocates of the University. Their interest in the University involved a deep and probing attention to the mission and history of the institution that was uncommon, if not rare.”

– Emeritus

Dana Professor of History, Dr. Gary T. Lord 23

MAJOR GENERAL JOHN AND MARY FRANCES PATTON His military decorations and awards include the Legion of Merit, Army Commendation Medal, and Navy Presidential Unit Citation with star. He received the Department of Defense Distinguished Civilian Service Award in 1959, the Department of the Air Force Exceptional Civilian Award in 1968, and the National Civil Service League Merit Citation in 1959. In 1968 he was recommended by the Department of the Air Force for the Rockefeller Public Service Award, NASA awarded him its Certificate of Appreciation in 1969 for his work in space applications and interagency affairs.

NORWICH UNIVERSITY

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THE SYMPOSIUM: 35 PROGRAMS OVER 26 YEARS 2020

Weaponizing Water Ancient Tactic, New Implications, 1st virtual Symposium

2019

Warfare In The 21st Century: Future Battlegrounds

2018

2018 William E. Colby Award Presented By The Norwich University Peace And War Center

2018

Won The War, Lost The Peace: The Us Legacy In Iraq

2017

Won The War, Lost The Peace: The Centennial Legacy Of World War One

2016

Going To War: The Cost To Families, Communities, And Nation

2015

Cyberwarfare And Privacy: How Do We Keep The Balance Between The Rights Of Citizens And The Security Of The Nation?

2014

After The Wars: What Have We Learned From Iraq And Afghanistan And What Is The Future Role Of The United States And Our Military?

2013

Coming Home: The Hopes, Fears And Challenges Of Veterans Returning From War

2012

Afghanistan And America’s Endless War On Terrorism

2011

An Uncertain Future In Afghanistan: Assessing The Conflict Ten Years On

2010

America At The Crossroads

2009

Chaos & Conflict

2008

The New Battlefield

2007

Civilians In The Path Of War

2006

Final Offensive: The Battle Of The Bulge, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

2006

Ways Of War

2005

The Rules Of War

2005

Turning Point - 36 Days On Iwo Jima, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

2004

Writing For War In The 21st Century, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

2004

The New Face Of War

2004

D-Day & Normandy: Then And Now, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

2003

Uncommon Valor: Ethical Lessons In Military Literature

2003

Journalists At War, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

2002

Raging War: Understanding The 21st Century Enemy

2002

The Military And The Media, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

2001

The American Way Of War

2001

Ethics, Issues And Policy, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

2000

The World At War

1999

The American Way Of War, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

1999

Info Wars: The Next Battlefield

1998

The Role Of Intelligence Operations Today And Tomorrow, National Press Club, Washington, D.C.

1998

Ethics In Military Literature And Film

1997

Military Fiction In America: The Craft And Its Influence

1996

Fact And Fiction In 20th Century Military History 25

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