What are the Symptoms and Causes of Lymphedema? Lymphedema, also known as lymphatic obstruction, is a chronic condition in which excess fluid collects in tissues, causing swelling (edema). The lymphatic system is an essential component of the immune system. Within the lymphatic system, a fluid called lymph circulates. A blockage of this system is usually the cause of lymphedema. The condition most commonly affects the arms or legs and both arms or legs may be affected in some cases. Swelling in the head, genitals, or chest may occur in some patients. Lymphedema can be managed with the right treatment from a certified lymphedema therapist. Symptoms of Lymphedema Chronic lymphedema symptoms may include progressive swelling, skin hardening, and difficulty moving affected legs or arms. Lymphedema symptoms that can affect your arms or legs include: ● ● ● ● ●
A swollen area that appears red or feels warm Aching, tingling, numbness, or other symptoms of discomfort Less flexibility in a joint Tight or hard skin Swelling, heaviness, or fullness of a body part Having difficulty fitting into a sleeve, pant leg, shoe, or ring
Causes of Lymphedema Primary lymphoedema is primarily caused by mutations in the genes responsible for lymphatic system development. Primary lymphedema is caused by mutations in three genes: VEGFR3, FOXC2, and SOX18. These faulty genes disrupt the development of the lymphatic system, impairing its ability to drain fluid properly. Secondary lymphedema has several possible causes, including: ●
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Cancer surgery: Cancer or cancer treatment can both cause lymphedema. A cancerous tumor can grow large enough to obstruct the lymphatic system. Cancer surgery may include the removal of lymph nodes or some of the vessels that carry lymph fluid. This can cause bodily fluid to accumulate in the surrounding tissues. Radiation therapy: Scarring and blockages caused by radiation treatments can increase the risk of lymphedema. Lymphedema can develop immediately after surgery or radiation, or it can develop months or even years later. Radiation that destroys cancerous tissue can also damage nearby healthy tissues, such as the lymphatic system, resulting in lymphedema.