Garbage: Follow the Path of Your Trash with Environmental Science Activities for Kids

GARBAGE FOLLOW THE PATH OF YOUR TRASH WITH ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE ACTIVITIES FOR KIDS Donna Latham Illustrated by Tom Casteel

Contents

Biome Briefs . . . iv

Introduction A Throwaway World . . . 1 Chapter 1 How Much Garbage Do You Produce? . . . 9 Chapter 2 Heaps of History . . . 21 Chapter 3 Where Does Trash Go? . . . 31 Chapter 4 Hazardous Waste . . . 41 Chapter 5 Reduce . . . 51 Chapter 6 Reuse . . . 61 Chapter 7 Recycle . . . 71 Chapter 8 Rethink . . . 81 Glossary | Metric Conversions Resources | Essential Questions | Index

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garbage

Introduction

A THROWAWAY

WORLD

What have you tossed in the trash today? A gnawed apple core? A mangled plastic straw? Maybe you threw away a tattered backpack or an old pair of sneakers.

Trash is stuff we consider useless. Another word for trash is garbage. We throw garbage “away.” Anywhere you find people, you’ll find garbage— mounds and mounds of it. A gyre of plastic trash floats in the middle of the ocean. Garbage is even marooned on the surface of the moon.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why does it matter where our garbage goes after we throw it out?

Usually, we don’t realize how much stuff we throw away. In just one year, an average family of four in the United States churns out 6,351 pounds of waste. That’s enough to fill a three-bedroom house to the ceiling.

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GARBAGE WORDS TO KNOW gyre: a spiral. maroon: to leave someone or something trapped somewhere that’s hard to get to. waste: material that is not wanted. landfill: a huge area of land where trash gets buried. incinerator: a large furnace that burns trash. wake: a trail of something left behind. scavenge: to find usable bits and parts from discarded stuff.

After you throw away that empty potato chip bag, what happens? Do you lug your trash cans out to the curb at night, only to find them empty in the morning? Do you chuck your trash bags into the dumpster behind your building or at the dump, never to see it again?

It’s easy to get rid of garbage so you never have to see it again. Trash is out of sight, out of mind.

But—what happens to all that garbage once it leaves our hands?

Trash gets jam-packed into landfills or burned in incinerators. But trash doesn’t always make it to a garbage can. It’s often left behind as messy litter that people carelessly scatter in their wake. Litter flutters across our streets, parks, and beaches. No wonder so many people talk trash these days!

Beachfront garbage credit: epSos.de (CC BY 2.0)

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A Throwaway World

Boot print on the moon

Garbage can even be found out of this world! During the historic 1969 Apollo 11 mission, astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin gathered rocks and soil from the surface of the moon. The astronauts left behind boot prints and an American flag. And a heap of space trash.

To lighten their spacecraft’s load and make room to transport samples back to Earth, astronauts left empty food sacks, vomit bags, a TV camera, collection tongs, and magazines on the moon. They even left the space boots that made those famous footprints.

About the Projects Use projects and activities in this book to make your own discoveries about garbage and spark new ideas about ways to tackle waste. Don’t have suggested materials and supplies needed for a project? Think of items you can substitute. Scavenge stuff from a friend. Trade with someone.

Of course, safety’s first, so ask adults for help when handling sharp items and glue guns or when using the stove.

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GARBAGE WORDS TO KNOW reduce: to use less of something. reuse: instead of tossing out an item, using it again or for a new or creative purpose. recycle: shredding, squashing, pulping, or melting items to use the materials to create new products. rethink: to reconsider—to think about something again and change your mind about it. resource: things found in nature. such as wood or gold, that people can use.

THE FOUR Rs: REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLE, RETHINK In this book, you’ll explore ways you can reduce, reuse, and recycle garbage. You’ll also find ways to rethink choices you make every day. To reduce is to use less of a product or material so there’s less waste. For example, instead of grabbing three paper towels to dry your hands after washing up, use one.

To reuse is to save things that you would normally throw out—and use them again or for another purpose. Turn an old beach towel into a cozy blanket for your pet. Pass along clothes to family or friends. Donate books to a library or shelter.

Rubbish Warriors On your mark, get set, go! In 2018, a Swedish fitness craze washed ashore in the United States. Plogging! The word is a combination of the Swedish plocka app, which means “pick up,” and the English word jogging. How does it work? Armed with gloves, garbage bags, and running shoes, joggers head out for trash runs. Along city streets, nature trails, and waterfronts, they scoop up plastic bottles, squashed cans, cigarette butts, and even dirty diapers. They recycle what they can and properly dispose of the rest. You try it! Go out for a plog! Take care of your body while you take care of the planet. Start your own plogging group. Organize friends and family as trash runners. Everyone totes a collection bag and trots through a target area. The trick is to snatch litter without breaking stride.

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A Throwaway World

To recycle means to break down old items in order to make new ones.

Recycling saves resources and energy. Some materials commonly recycled include plastic, paper, glass, and metal.

Definitions of Debris There are lots of words to describe things we throw out. What does debris mean to you? You might imagine demolished walls left after a tornado whirls through a neighborhood. How about leftovers? Those are uneaten foods from last night’s meal. What do the following terms for trash make you think of? ›› bits and pieces

›› junk

›› rejects

›› cast-offs

›› leftovers

›› rubbish

›› debris

›› litter

›› scraps

›› discards

›› odds and ends

›› surplus

›› garbage

›› refuse

›› waste

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GARBAGE WORDS TO KNOW hazardous waste: a waste with properties that make it dangerous or capable of having a harmful effect on human health or the environment. environment: everything in nature, living and nonliving, including animals, plants, rocks, soil, and water.

Rethinking is another crucial activity in the struggle against garbage. Rethinking means looking more closely at something and thinking again about your choices. By examining your habits, you might change them for the better.

In our throwaway world, we toss out trash constantly. But what does “out” really mean? And where, exactly, is “away”? What happens when we run out of “out” and “away?” Trash might be out of sight, but try to keep it in mind.

DID YO U

K

For example, do you drink bottled water at soccer practice or dance rehearsal? Did you know it requires 1.5 million barrels of oil to produce a year’s worth of bottled water? That’s enough fuel for W? O 100,000 cars for a year. After rethinking, N Nail polish. you might fill a reusable stainless-steel Rat poison. Oven water bottle instead. cleaner. According to

the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), an average family produces 20 pounds of hazardous wastes yearly.

Garbage Goals!

Kamikatsu, Japan, population 1,482, is dubbed “The Zero Waste Town.”

Dedicated stewards of the planet, people in Kamikatsu divide garbage into 34 recycling categories. The amazing result? They produce virtually no trash!

Watch a video to learn how Kamikatsu achieved this enormous, inspirational accomplishment. How might a program like this operate in your own community?

Stories town no trash

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A Throwaway World Like many people, you probably care about keeping the environment clean and healthy. In a world crowded with nearly 8 billion people, it’s easy to think one person can’t make a difference. But you can. Every effort counts.

Become a rubbish warrior like people you’ll meet in this book!

Ready to take a hard look at the stuff we throw away? Let’s follow the path of your trash!

Good Science Practices Every good scientist keeps a science journal!

Scientists use the scientific method to keep their experiments organized.

Choose a notebook to use as your science journal. As you read through this book and do the activities, keep track of your observations and record each step in a scientific method worksheet, like the one shown here.

Question: What are we trying to find out? What problem are we trying to solve?

Research: What is already known about the problem?

Hypothesis/Prediction: What do we think the answer will be?

Equipment: What supplies are we using?

Method: What procedure are we following?

Results: What happened? Why?

Each chapter of this book begins with an essential question to help guide your exploration of garbage and the environment. Keep the question in your mind as you read the chapter. At the end of each chapter, use your science journal to record your ESSENTIAL QUESTION thoughts and answers.

Why does it matter where our garbage goes after we throw it out?

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Activity

TRACK YOUR TRASH What’s in your rubbish? For one week, track and record every item your family discards. Be very careful because trash can contain broken or sharp objects. a scale to weigh three large empty plastic tubs. Record the weights in your ›science ›Use journal. cardboard, index cards, or scratch paper to make three labels for the tubs: ›Trash, ›ReuseReusable, Recyclable. Tape the labels to the tubs. week, become your family’s garbage collector. Put on rubber gloves to ›rummage ›For onethrough every item of trash. Be on the lookout for broken or sharp items and handle with care. Categorize each as trash, reusable, or recyclable. Place each article in the appropriate container. the end of the week, weigh each tub of stuff. Subtract the original weight of ›the›Atempty tub from the total and record how much waste each tub has. and contrast your totals with those published by the EPA. Did each ›person ›Compare in your household produce about 31½ pounds of garbage, which is the national average? your family to cut down your amount of garbage. Rethink your ›trash›Challenge choices. What can you reuse or recycle, instead of discarding? If you get a composter, you can compost food waste. from now, try this activity again to observe your success. Are your ›results ›A month different?

Try It! Finished sorting and categorizing your garbage? Generate your own pie graph to illustrate your results. nces kids create a graph

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Juvenile Nonfiction • Education Resource focus on science

THAT POTATO CHIP BAG YOU TOSSED IN YOUR TRASH CAN THIS AFTERNOON—WHERE DOES IT GO WHEN IT LEAVES YOUR HOUSE? Garbage: Follow the Path of Your Trash with Environmental Science Activities for Kids invites middle graders to investigate the world of trash! The average American produces more than four pounds of trash every day—multiply that by 300 million people and you’ve got a lot of garbage!

Where does it go? How does it break down? What are the challenges of dealing with so much waste?

How can we decrease the amount of stuff we throw away? Garbage explores questions like these while encouraging kids to think about the choices they make that generate garbage in the first place. In this book, kids discover the science of garbology and the fascinating world of midden excavation, and learn about rubbish warriors who are determined to save the planet from being overrun with trash.

Garbage is part of a set of four Build It Environmental Science books that explore the history and science of the planet and all the organisms that live on it through hands-on STEM activities and real-life environmental connections.

Try these hands-on garbage projects!

• Investigate a mini midden

books from Nomad Press include the following educational components:

• String a junk mail bead necklace • Snag air pollution on a stick-it can

OTHER TITLES IN THIS SET

Timeline of important events Hands-on, science-minded activities Links to online media Essential questions Primary sources, including maps, photographs, and letters Extensive back matter, including glossary, index, and resources Guided Reading Levels and Lexile measurements

PUB DATE: March 2019 PB: 9781619307476, $17.95 HC: 9781619307445, $22.95 4 Book Hardcover Set: 9781619308190, $89.95 eBook: all formats available, $12.99 Specs: 8 x 10, 128 pages, color interior with illustrations and photography Ages: 9–12 Grade Level: 4–7

Publicity & Marketing: Co-op funds available Major national galley mailing Amazon Merchandising program National trade advertising, including: - Ingram - School Library - Follett Library - Booklist Journal - Baker & Taylor

Distributed by Baker & Taylor Publisher Services To order: orders@btpubservices.com, 888.814.0208 For more information about these books, contact Nomad Press: info@nomadpress.net, 802.649.1995