Know About The Nanoparticles and Its Different Types

NANOPARTICLE

INTRODUCTION

Nanotechnology is the term given to those areas of science and engineering where phenomena that take place at dimensions in the nanometre scale are utilised in the design, characterisation, production and application of materials, structures, devices and systems. Clearly the various forms of nanotechnology have the potential to make a very significant impact on society. In general it may be assumed that the application of nanotechnology will be very beneficial to individuals and organisations.

WHAT ARE NANOPARTICLES?

A nanoparticles is a small particle that ranges between 1 to 100 nanometres in size. Undetectable by the human eye, nanoparticles can exhibit significantly different physical and chemical properties to their larger material counterparts.

The definition given by the European Commission states that the particle size of at least half of the particles in the number size distribution must measure 100 nm or below.

Most nanoparticles are made up of only a few hundred atoms.

ADVANTAGES OF NANOPARTICLES

INORGANIC-BASED NANOMATERIALS

Inorganic nanoparticles are non-toxic, hydrophilic, biocompatible and highly stable compared to organic materials. Drug delivery systems designed for enhanced drug efficacy and reduced adverse effects have evolved accompanied by the development of novel materials.

Inorganic nanoparticles have gained significant attention in preclinical development as potential diagnostic and therapeutic systems in oncology for a variety of applications, including tumor imaging, tumor drug delivery or enhancement of radiotherapy.

GOLD (AU) NANOPARTICLES

Colloidal gold nanoparticles have been utilized for centuries by artists due to the vibrant colors produced by their interaction with visible light. More recently, these unique optoelectronic properties have been researched and utilized in high technology applications such as organic photovoltaics, sensory probes, therapeutic agents, drug delivery in biological and medical applications, electronic conductors and catalysis.

The optical and electronic properties of gold nanoparticles are tunable by changing the size, shape, surface chemistry, or aggregation state.

SILVER(AG) NANOPARTICLES

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles are nanoparticles

of silver of between 1 nm and 100 nm in size.

While frequently described as being 'silver' some are composed of a large percentage of silver oxide due to their large ratio of surface to bulk silver atoms. Numerous shapes of nanoparticles can be constructed depending on the application at hand. Commonly used silver nanoparticles are spherical, but diamond, octagonal, and thin sheets are also common.

MAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES

Magnetic Iron oxide nanoparticles are iron

oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers. The two main forms are magnetite (Fe3O4) and its oxidized form maghemite (γ-Fe2O3). They have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic properties and their potential applications in many fields (although cobalt and nickel are also highly magnetic materials, they are toxic and easily oxidized).

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