MICRO CONSTRUCTION FOR FUTUTRE

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CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the dissertation entitled “Micro Construction for Future” is the Bonafede work of Nitya Dixit, in partial fulfilment of the academic requirements for the award of “Bachelors of Architecture Degree”. This work is carried out by her, Under my guidance and supervision.

Ar. Mohd. Simroz khan Place: Indore

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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Architecture has always been an ever-changing area of study. A wide range of methods and techniques are introduced on a daily basis, which assists the gradual enhancement of this field. However, it is not just confined to designing appealing buildings it also involves tackling the current crisis faced by a large number of individuals. Housing shortage is one such crisis and in a country like India, which has succumbed to population explosion over the past couple of years, this crisis needs immediate solution.

Micro apartments in simple terms are defined as a small studio apartment typically less than 350 sq. ft. with a fully functionally and accessibility compliant kitchen and bathroom. The appeal of a micro apartment is largely about economics but place privacy is all part of the equations.

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The concept of micro housing encourages making the innovation of maximum functional area in a minimum footprint, thus redefining the process of sustainability in urban dwellings.

The plans implemented in the micro units have optimum space utilization, neglects luxurious space wasted in apartments.

It talks about the generation of communication in the projects by means of amenities space and recreational spaces keeping in mind urban anthropology.  INFLUENCES

Micro house’s main influences are techno, bit pop and deep house. Chords are modal or dissonant than other mainstream house genres, creating a similar vibe to deep house.

Arrangement are typically longer, drawing from progressive house structure. Sonically, micro house draws from the digital sound palette of techno.  SOUND The micro house sound palette consists of bit-sounding (digital) rhythmic elements, often with a less prominent or non-existent bottom-end. Melodically, techno-style synths, electric pianos, pads, and industrial sounds are often used with soft vocals. As the name suggests, micro house thrives in minimalism, where swells of sound exist to emphasize the silence that ensues.

AIM To analyse the need and importance for micro housing in the densely populated cities of India like Mumbai and Pune etc.

OBJECTIVES     

To develop a better understanding space for utilization.

To analyse the elements, need for Micro Housing.

To understand properties and functionality of spaces.

To understand the types requirements for micro living.

To analyse material and techniques used for housing.

NEED The concept of micro housing encourages making the innovation of maximum functional area in a minimum footprint, thus redefining the process of sustainability in urban dwellings. The plans implemented in the micro units have optimum space utilization, neglects luxurious space wasted in apartments.

SCOPE

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The population of India has been growing at a fast pace and given its large population base, the quantum of population being added every year is the largest for any country.

Housing construction is one of the most important sectors of the Indian economy and will become more and more important in coming years. If supply constraints do not get in the way, it has the potential to not only satisfy a key requirement, but also to pull the economy on a higher growth path.

LIMITATIONS Design single unit with compact space planning and limited material palette. Use of limited material as per economic affordability and no further exploration on new materials or technology.

Design solutions and interior elements are influenced by the economic affordability of the user. Design solution allows exploring the flexibility of furniture in vernacular materials. New system of the furniture production and material flexibility and compatibility can be explored.

METHODOLOGY: IDEAS, INNOVATIONS

HOUSINGING WITH BENEFITS

• Financial Benefits • Types • Differences

FACTORS AFFECTING

• Location • Structure • Amenities

DESIGINING

• Material • Techniques • Construction

SUREVY/ CASE STUDY

• People Age Requirements • Data Collection

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CHAPTER 2 WHAT IS MICRO APARTMENTS Micro Housing is defined by its space. Micro apartments are smaller than average studios intended for a single or doubled resident accommodation. Ultra-efficient design packs a kitchen, bathroom, and other necessities into a unit of 200 to 350 square feet, while high ceilings and large windows create the illusion of space. Unlike micro housing affordable housing does not have the space constraint, a single residential unit can range from 250sq.ft. To 1200sq. ft. All age groups of people use it whereas micro apartments are mainly found useful to the unmarried working class and student on one side of the spectrum and the elderly on the other side of the age spectrum.

FIG: INTERIOR OF A STANDARD MICRO APARTMENT Many micro- unit buildings provide common areas where residents can relax and socialize. Some are designed for co-living, in which your bedroom is private, but all other amenities are shared with other residents. Thriving communities, appealing amenities, and prime locations balance out micro- apartment’s small size. With the buildings as their living room and the city as their backyard, residents often only return to their rooms at night. However, the major disadvantage of existing micro apartments built in Europe and western world is the pricing.

If we were to charge on a similar basis, it would not solve the issues that plaguing our nation a country where economic imbalance is still an issue. This is where our country needs to implement the pricing and schemes implemented in affordable housing.

 How a Micro Apartment Works Rising land value and construction costs in cities, coupled with a desire to maintain affordable rent prices relative to tenant incomes, have led developers to

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Shift focus from larger, lower-density apartments to smaller and higher-density ones that generate more revenue per square foot. The result has been a boom in the construction of smaller-than-average rental units known as micro apartments in cities from coast to coast, such as Pune, Mumbai and Noida etc.

Micro apartments usually measure less than 350 square feet, though they can range in size from 150 to 500 square feet depending on the location. In addition, metro cities or busy areas have laws in place that limit the minimum size of a studio apartment.

The essential amenities of any apartment—a bathroom, kitchen area, living space, and sleeping space—are packed into the minimal area using multifunctional or flexible furniture and storage, such as movable kitchen islands and sofas that convert into Murphy beds. Some micro apartments also feature communal spaces such as lounges, gyms, pools, rooftop decks, and other outdoor spaces that give tenants additional space to use beyond their unit as well as the ability to socialize without leaving home.

Micro apartments can be rented for oneself or purchased as investment properties and rented out to others. They tend to attract young single professionals as tenants—people who are just starting out in their careers and may have just moved to a new city. These individuals may not have accumulated much furniture or other possessions at this point, making a micro apartment an ideal place to begin their future as the minimal space they offer might be sufficient.

 Where are micro-apartments most popular?

Micro-apartments tend to be more numerous and are more coveted in densely populated urban landscapes where housing tends to be more scarce and more expensive. Thus, it makes sense that micro-apartments have been popping up over the past few years in major (and pricey) cities like Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi, Noida and Pune etc. providing renters with a more compact living space in a prime location. Think cities with a high cost of living, and that is where you will find the largest concentrations of microapartments.

 What is driving the growth of micro-apartments? 

As metro cities, expand with increasing population, so does the corresponding establishment of civic and social infrastructure. “Nevertheless, a majority of people prefer to stay in the heart of the cities, for various reasons, such as connectivity, familiar environment, access to social and cultural amenities, proximity to workplace and schools, etc. With cost being a major factor in such locations, families prefer to invest in micro homes. Smaller unit sizes also call for efficient space management.

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Modern clients also look for amenities such as club house, games area, jogging tracks, swimming pools, children’s play area, etc., which cater to their aspirations and needs. In this context, luxury micro homes provide for the maximum utilisation of available space, design acumen and comfort. “Buyers want high-quality compact units, without any compromise on facilities and hence, look for developments with all the lifestyle-centric services and good connectivity. Even for high-end homebuyers, these boutique luxury flats have an appeal, due to its location, financial feasibility and comfort.

 Who is renting micro-apartments?

The primary renter pool for a micro-apartment is, unsurprisingly, millennials, who have historically been priced out of costly rentals in major cities. There is also appeal among older renters who are looking to downsize. As for who is not renting a micro-apartment, that would be young families and couples, since limited space for one person means very limited space for more than one person. In many cases, micro-units are single occupancy, meaning property managers will not rent them out to more than one person anyway.

According to the report , one in four renters would consider living in a micro-apartment, citing benefits like lower rents, preferable locations, reduced utility costs, and the ability to live alone. In addition, among those who do move into a micro-unit, satisfaction rates are similar to those who live in conventional apartments; however, they are less likely to renew their lease.

 Pros and Cons of Micro Apartments PROS

CONS

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Maximizes the number of units in a building

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Higher operating costs

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Higher rental-rate premiums

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Targets a niche tenant market

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Higher occupancy rates

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Revolving door of tenants

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Attractive to renters for their affordability

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Furnishing them can be costly

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Ownership opportunity vibrant locale

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Pros Explained Micro apartments are attractive investments for several reasons:    

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Maximize the number of units in a building: You can fit more units into your property, which increases your profit potential.  Higher rental-rate premiums: Micro apartments tend to garner more rent per square foot than conventionally sized apartments. Higher occupancy rates: Micro apartments also have higher ratios of used space relative to total space, which can attract new renters and avoid prolonged vacancies. Attractive to renters for their affordability: It is cheaper to rent a micro unit than a traditional studio apartment. As a result, tenants can sustain the living arrangement for a longer period and may not even need a roommate to pay for part of the rent. Ownership opportunity in a vibrant locale: Half the appeal of micro units is in their location in vibrant, major metropolitan areas that offer numerous attractions and amenities for both property owners and tenants. 

Cons Explained The drawbacks of micro apartments include: 

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Higher operating costs: The ongoing operating costs are typically higher for micro apartments than standard ones because the property fits more units and may generate higher bills for utilities, waste disposal, and other services. Target a niche tenant market: Young single professionals, couples who want to downsize, or older individuals who seek a dwelling for occasional use may be willing to sacrifice square footage to live in a vibrant urban area. However, the allure of a micro apartment may not extend beyond these markets. Revolving door of tenants: Despite their high occupancy rates, micro units are still subject to turnover. Because the units are utilitarian, young professionals may treat them as starter homes. When they save up enough money, they may move on to a bigger, more amenity-rich apartment, and you will need to yet again find and adjust to a new tenant. Furnishing them can be costly: The Urban Land Institute found that 55% of renters are interested in micro apartments with multifunctional furniture. Of course, to meet that demand, you as the property owner will need to furnish the apartment at least partially, which can be costly.

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Making a micro-unit work for everyone Just because a space is small does not mean that it cannot be stylish and functional.

Here are some quick design tips that can help optimize the available square feet in a micro-unit: 

Invest in dual-purpose furniture: Couches that turn into beds and coffee tables that turn into desks are just the tip of the iceberg when it comes to innovative furniture that can do more than meets the eye. If you are looking at pricier options, just make sure that it is an item you would use outside of a micro-apartment too.

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Play around with colour: Light paint colours help make a room feel larger, so skip the dark paint if you are able to customize your unit. From there, you can use texture and colour contrasts to build dimension into the room. 

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Go for a loft bed: Elevate your bed and turn the space underneath into a seating, dining or office area. Not only does this greatly increase your space, but it can also be preferable to having to remake your bed every night as if you might have to do with a pull-out.

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Get creative with storage: Do not fill every spare foot with storage (after all, you do still need to be able to walk around), but do try to take advantage of extra storage space wherever you can, such as behind the couch and on top of the fridge. 

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Have less stuff: Instead of trying to fit a ton of stuff into a small space, limit what you bring in the first place. We could all probably do with fewer belongings, so before you move go through your things and donate, toss or recycle anything that you no longer have a use for. After you move in, you might find that you can do with even less.

A big benefit of a micro-apartment is that you do not have to spend a lot to make it all your own. Have fun with your decorating and play around with colour and art. There is a ton of opportunity to let your personality shine.

Features that can make a micro-apartment appear bigger Physically small, micro-apartments can seem bigger if they have certain features. When looking for a micro-apartment, consider the features that create the illusion of space: 

Built-in storage. Off-the-ground vertical shelving will save some floor space and can hold your stuff out of sight.

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Foldable furniture. Chairs, tables and a bed you can fold and stash away when you are not using them can optimize your living space. 

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Outdoor space. Decks, rooftops, balconies and patios will all open up the apartment and give you more roaming space.

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Lots of natural light. The more windows the better. In addition, the bigger they are the more natural light you will enjoy. 

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High ceilings. What a micro-apartment cannot get in square footage it can compensate for by having a high ceiling, giving you the feeling of not being boxed in.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EFFICIENCE APARTMENT AND STUDIO APARTMENT  Efficiency Apartment An efficiency apartment is a type of studio that typically contains a single room and a have separate bathroom. The main room in an efficiency apartment serves as both your living room and sleeping area, and includes your kitchen, although many efficiency units only have small kitchenettes with fewer appliances than a full-size kitchen. An efficiency apartment can also often be called a one-room studio or occasionally “single room occupancy” (SRO). Efficiency apartments are common in large urban areas and high-cost cities, where demand exceeds supply.  Studio Apartment A studio apartment is an apartment in which your living space and sleeping area are located within one single room. Studios also typically include a separate kitchen area and bathroom, although in some studios the kitchen is located within the main living space.

DIFFERENCE The major differences between an efficiency apartment and a studio are that efficiency units tend to be smaller apartments than studios and that studios typically have larger and better-equipped kitchens.  Size Efficiency apartments tend to be significantly smaller than studios. They are often less than 300 square feet in total size, whereas studios average around 450 square feet.  Layout Efficiency apartments typically have an enclosed kitchen and bathroom, and sometimes a dining area and/or closet part in the living space. The exterior walls of efficiency units sometimes include at least one built-in unit, such as a desk or

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shelves. Studio apartments sometimes feature spacious designs with high ceilings.

Those high ceilings allow for designs to include loft bedrooms or a combination bedroom and bathroom. Even though the rest of the space is open, the loft provides a little extra privacy.  Rent Due to their smaller size, efficiency units tend to be have lower rents than studio apartments. If you have a tight budget, efficiency units may be more affordable.  Kitchen Unlike studios, which typically have a full kitchen, efficiency units often have a small kitchen or a kitchenette. While these areas are not always enclosed and exist within the same room as the living area, they usually have some counter space where you can prepare and eat meals.  Availability Efficiency units are often more common than studios and exist in most large apartment buildings. Even though a studio and efficiency apartment each have only one main living area, their layouts differ. In a studio, you’ll usually find a full-size kitchen in the main living space, plus a bathroom in a separate room. Efficiencies have a separate area for a bathroom, but there is less separation between the kitchen and living area. For example, in a studio, you might see a set of cabinets that enclose the refrigerator, which helps create separation from the rest of the space.

Efficiencies tend to have smaller appliances due to the space limitations.  Location Efficiencies and studios are both often located where space is at a premium.

However, if your goal is to live in a highly desirable part of the city, that is where you can find more efficiency apartments. Efficiency apartments tend to be close to a city’s centre. The combination of more affordable pricing and proximity remaining to business districts makes them coveted in these areas.

Why Should You Choose an Efficiency Apartment?  Flexibility Efficiency units can be combined! It is possible to connect them to form larger units (just as if you could merge two 1-bedroom units). For example, suppose a couple is not ready for a 2-bedroom, but you want more space than a studio. You could rent one efficiency unit and combine it with another to create a larger apartment at a lower price per square foot overall.  Affordability

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Efficiency apartments are affordable housing options for singles or couples with no children who want a small, simple place to call home. An efficiency unit could be a great option if you fall into this category and cannot afford a studio.  Availability In many markets, studios are so popular that many smaller apartments have been converted to studios. Therefore, while there are efficiency units available, you may have a hard time finding a studio in your price range. On the other hand, a high percentage of older buildings have one-room efficiencies, and if your budget is tight, you might find more options for these types of apartments in your price range.  Building Type If you are looking for an apartment in a mid- or high-rise building, studios are often not allowed, so efficiency units are your best bet.  Privacy Many efficiency apartments have more oversized windows than most studio apartments, which give the units a more airy and brighter feel. It is also reasonably common for efficiency units to have private balconies, which studios rarely do.  Lower Maintenance Since the unit is smaller, you will be spending less time cleaning it. In addition, since many efficiency units are older buildings, they tend to have higher ceilings and more windows from which the sun can shine. Efficiency apartments may not have as much space as a larger apartment would, but they offer a compromise between affordability, simplicity, and cleanliness that is worth considering.  Lower Utility Bills a person living in a studio apartment has less square footage and, therefore, lower heating, cooling, and lighting energy needs. Thus, efficiency units tend to have lower utility bills than studios or larger apartments.

Studio vs. Efficiency Apartment Bottom Line There is no question that efficiency apartments are smaller than studios, but there are a few good reasons why this is often the better choice. Efficiency units are an excellent choice for singles and couples who want to live in smaller apartments. They may be more difficult to find than studios, but if you can find one that meets your needs, they can provide affordable housing options, making them a better option than more expensive studio apartments.

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CHAPTER 03 A HOUSE WITH BENEFITS A home is much more than just four walls and a roof. It ki ndles a range of emotions and thoughts in us. To some, it is a sense of security; to some, it is about comfort and to others, it is a symbol of status and accomplishment.

Nevertheless, there is also the other aspect of a home to contend with. It is to do with numbers. The monetary aspect too is important as buying a home is often the biggest financial transaction in an average Indian’s life.

To rent or buy is a decision that many grapple with.  Financial benefits How much space in your home do you dedicate to storing things you rarely, if ever, use? Probably more than you would like to admit. Now, imagine if you only had enough space to store your necessities and a few meaningful keepsakes? That is the reality of living in a tiny house. Living in a small space is on ongoing process of determining the difference between needs and wants, and making purchasing decisions based on that.

According to the Tiny House Society, homes that qualify as tiny are usually between 100-400 square feet in size. Since 2014, they have more than doubled in popularity.  No Landlord Hassel When you have a home of your own, you are in control. You do not have to deal with a property owner be it minor repairs or a complete overhaul of your entire home, living on rent is a pain in many ways. You are dependent on the property owner for water, electricity, maintenance and almost everything else.  Emotional Se curity When you purchase a house, you provide your family their very own space, a home. At the end of a long day at work coupled with tiresome commute and continual stress, returning to your own nest brings alive a sense of security and comfort which is simply irreplaceable. After all, there is no place like ‘home’ where you can be truly at ease and just be yourself.  No Uncertainty With your own home, there are no fear and anxiety that is caused by the possibility of an untimely termination of the lease agreement by the property owner. To add to this, there is no hassle of renewing the rent agreement every year and renegotiating on rent repeatedly.

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 No compromis e Rent is an expense and the general tendency is to reduce expenditure.

Therefore, you may end up compromising on several aspects such as location, size and amenities. On the other hand, when you buy a house, you will ensure that your chosen property meets your expectations.  Tax Benefits Your home loan principal and interest repayment fetch you attractive tax breaks. In addition, remember, renting actually is more expensive than just the rent you pay. Your cost is higher since you are not earning any interest on the deposit amount paid to the property owner (which is quite high in premium locations) throughout the lease term.  Building your own As s ets Instead of paying rent, which is a pure expenditure, you may pay the home loan EMI thereby building your own asset over time. Effectively, with every EMI that you pay, your equity in your home goes up.  Home office The work-at-home phenomenon may not vanish after the pandemic fades, which means more of us will need a home office. The right setup makes a difference in comfort and productivity. Those needing that work-at-home space can find it on the market – if they act quickly.  Intimate Living Space Living in a big house? It can seem fun at first, but the large space and messy clutter also create a void between the people living in that home. There could be days where you do not interact with your spouse or your kids as everyone spends time in their rooms, separate from the others. Small living space. It is almost impossible to not interact with one another in this type of home and that is great!

Now you can enjoy some intimacy with your family. You can spend more time with your spouse, you can interact more with your kids, and everyone gets to spend mealtime with one another.

A solution to help control monthly costs so that you can pay off debt put money into savings and live comfortably. The best part of living in a Tiny House can be of longterm or short-term duration; it is totally up to you and your financial goals. Either way,

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the gift that Tiny Homes give you is time and control: the time to pay off debt and the control to cut down costs.

Improves Your Relationship Dynamics  Relationships suffer immensely when people are stressed about money, impending foreclosures, or long work hours and commutes.  Living outside one’s means is a sure-fire way to create unnecessary stress. At the end of the day, when people are tired and drained, that penned up tension is often taken out on those who are closest.  Honest and vulnerable communication is a major component of a happy and successful relationship. This way of interacting is fostered in a tiny space, and we would argue that a large one hampers it.  A lot has been written on the topic of how to create a joyous life, and all of it points to the same sentiment: a happy and fulfilling life is one in which a person prioritizes her relationships and connections, and focuses on the things she loves.  The way to achieve that level of closeness is through communication and connection.  On the other hand, living in an affordable tiny house can have a positive effect on a strained family dynamic.  When you live within your means, financial fear goes away, and you have time and energy to pursue the things that you are passionate about. Your sense of humor, joy, patience, and kindness increase, and you have a chance to thrive in a way that’s not possible when you’re buried under stress.

Living Simply  Thousands upon thousands of others have realized that contentment has nothing to do with material possessions or large homes.  Tiny homeowners are learning that by living with the least, we are experiencing the most. In fact, we are finding that too much stuff stifles our ability to feel joy because material things, in excess, serve as a distraction.  Living the tiny house lifestyle will allow to share some wonderful values in daily life work. People will be raising in an environment where happiness is not locked into the acquisition of material possessions and they are given the opportunity to learn positive communication skills as well.  They all help to make each other the best versions of ourselves by focusing on balance, joy, and life experiences.  Living simply isn’t about surviving with as little as possible, but rather, about removing the extraneous so that the important things have a chance to shine and be appreciated. When money and time are not spent on unnecessary items, resources free up for things that really do matter.

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 Leonardo da Vinci knew it even back in 1452 when he said, “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.”

Natural Disasters The rate of natural disasters around the globe has increased significantly. In 1970, 78 natural disasters were reported in 2004, there were 348. There has been an 80 percent increase in climate-related disasters between 1980 and 2009. Every year, an average of 25 million people are displaced by weather-related disasters. Tiny houses on wheels are unique in that they can be moved easily in the face of a natural disaster, sometimes in a matter of minutes. Unfortunately, certain weather disasters such as tornados and earthquakes appear without much warning at all. However, events such as hurricanes, floods, typhoons, tsunamis, and forest fires can often have minutes, hours, or even days of warning of their approach. This is often more than enough time for a Tiny House on Wheels to be packed up with its contents stowed for travel, and driven away to safe ground.

CASE STUDY 2 Goa Micro Housing – An unbuilt housing The boost in the Indian economy has led to many experimentations in the housing sector as well, encouraging developers to come up with new ideas to capture the imagination and interests of buyers. The brief was to design small studio sized apartments that could be looked at as a venue for investment or an alternate home away from home for shorter durations. The project was conceptualized primarily to target the second homebuyers for temporary, occasional or intermittent stay in Goa.

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Set on a hill in Reis Margos- a small village on the northern bank of Mandovi River in Goa, the site facing east, brought about an interesting challenge to build on the heavily contoured topography.

PROCESS DIAGRAM The Goa Micro Housing was conceived as a bird’s nest with a center cozy core, surrounded by thicker protective layers and nestled within the greenery of the hill. This central core is a secure but shared space within the confines of the housing units that are pushed to the periphery. The intent was to create a central con course that not only becomes a very public space or doubles up as a viewing deck looking out and beyond the units but also visually connects the road with the hill in the backdrop.

THE STAIRCASE PROVIDED TO AVOID HILL CUTTING

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OPEN CENTRAL SPACES TOWARDS THE EAST

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Floor plans

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CHAPTER 04 FACTORS AFFECTING APARTMENTS IN INDIA On a micro level, smaller apartments use fewer resources than larger ones and create less waste. On a macro level, a trend toward micro living could lead to increased population density and, with any luck, more efficient infrastructure in cities. Moving toward condensed living helps to curb urban sprawl, resulting in more land preservation.

Rising Popularity of Micro-Apartments As people flock to cities for work, scarce land and lack of new construction continue to drive up rent prices. As a result, many middle-income residents are unable to afford high-end housing. Enter the rising trend in multifamily housing solutions – the micro apartment. 

LOCATION

Although micro apartments have no standard definition, the units are typically less than 400 square feet with a fully functioning and accessibility compliant kitchen and bathroom. Micro apartments provide functionality in a convenient location with heavy emphasis on amenities available outside the unit itself. Many micro apartment communities offer shared amenities that often include restaurant-kitchens, dining areas, lounges, gyms, roof decks, laundry and cleaning services. 

LESS IS MORE

Younger generations have grown up with technology and social media. Their preferences and lifestyles reflect this change in culture. Some of these people are saddled with high student loans and realize that adding to that debt is not going to help them achieve their goals or pursue their passions. Increasingly, city dwellers may be embracing this tiny trend over other multi-family housing, such as full-size apartments or condominiums, because they do not need as much room for storage or personal belongings taking up what storage they do have. Paring down their expenses allows them to spend their money on what they want or even save for the future, giving them financial independence at an earlier age. 

FLEXIBILITY AND FREEDOM

Another aspect of modern life is that people may not stay in the same job or city for as long as they once did. Employees may move to follow a promotion or change careers and cities more frequently than their parents do or grandparents did. Micro apartments make it easier for people to pick up and go because they have less to pack and move.

They may have more freedom with leasing as well, especially because tiny living is in

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high demand, it may be easier to get out of a lease or afford to leave early with lower housing costs.

FACTORS AFFECTING VALUATION OF PROPERTY IN INDIA 

Location

This is the first and foremost factor affecting your decision of selecting the property.

The property valuation based on location is directly proportional to the number of resources, facilities, and amenities. For example, location near as mentioned below         

Commercial hubs Railway stations, bus terminals & airports Schools and colleges Hospitals, clinics, and diagnostics centres Playgrounds and sports club Shopping malls, grocery stores, and chemists Fruits and vegetable markets Cafes and restaurants Banks and ATMs

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Infrastructure

Few infrastructural developments like railway stations, bus terminals, airports, malls have already been mentioned earlier. In addition, road developments with end-to-end connectivity for various amenities and facilities will soar the property value. This is the most important property valuation factor, which gives an identity to the property location.  Commercial establishments Commercial establishments like IT hubs and business parks in the property location significantly have an upward impact on the property valuation. In cities like Bangalore, Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, and other TIER I cities, a developed trend of buying a home near the workplace is seen. This saves a great amount of time, energy, and money.  Purchasing capacity A location rich in commercial hubs will generate more revenue and more income for individuals. This will result in greater spending capacity than a location having industrial and agricultural zones. Therefore, from a seller’s point of view, affordability is high and hence there is a rise in property valuation.  Land availability When the supply is less and demand is more the price increases, the basic law of supply and demand. In urban areas and especially in the large metro cities the vacant land availability is scarce and hence the property value rises. On the contrary, you will come across several pockets of vacant land in Tier II and Tier III cities where you will find a slow appreciation of property value.

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Supply and demand The supply and demand equation is volatile with reference to the time factor. When there is an increase in the populace in a specific densely structured locality, eventually it creates more demand. More people would like to buy homes in this locality.

However, due to lesser supply, the property value rises and vice versa.  Trio of property prices, interest rates and income This is yet another factor that affects property valuation. If any of these rises to the peak then there is a significant change in the property market. If the prices of property rise to the maximum, depending on the location, buyers will check for affordable homes in other areas. Interest rates are increased then the buying capacity reduces and hence property demand lowers. Otherwise, when the interest rates are at their low then this creates greater demand as more people want to buy homes.

Income attaining a peak also plays a big role. For example, in a location thriving with IT hubs and there is a boom in this industry, the income level rises and hence the affordability. This creates a surge in the demand and hence the property valuation. This will also have an effect on its neighbouring localities.

Furthermore, when the nation’s economy or even the state economy has a tall rise then the income per inhabitant ratio also soars. This also makes an upward impact on property valuation.  Structure The factor of structure has its own presence in affecting property valuation.

The property price depends on material cost and quality, type of structure, and prevalent rates of labour. However, this factor does not form a major part in the increase or decrease in property valuation unless exorbitantly expensive materials are used and processes adopted.  Size and external view  Size – More the property area, the higher the price you pay. Hence, the larger the size more will be the property value.  External view – If the apartment you plan to buy is giving you a beautiful view then the value will be high. For example, a sea facing flat or a large open area and a horizon mountain view.  Customized property demands higher value When you ask the developer to make minor or major changes in your prospective apartment then the value will increase. For example, if you ask for a superior quality of basic interior like flooring, painting, and roof. In case, you would choose for kitchen upgrades with upscale equipment, a high-grade kitchen platform, and a landscaped terrace. All of these changes will increase the price compared to the standard apartment.

Innovative reforms and promotion of alternative approaches that address the critical linkages between women’s rights to work, food, housing, health, land, security need to be recognised in law and policy for bringing sustained change, especially in times when urban poverty, discrimination, and violence against women are intensifying across India.

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CURRENT FORM OF LIVING 

Hierarchy

India is a hierarchical society. Whether in north India or south India, Hindu or Muslim, urban or village, virtually all things, people, and social groups are ranked according to various essential qualities. Although India is a political democracy, notions of complete equality are seldom evident in daily life.

Societal hierarchy is evident in caste groups, amongst individuals, and in family and kinship groups. Castes are primarily associated with Hinduism, but caste-like groups also exist among Muslims, Indian, Christians, and other religious communities. Within most villages or towns, everyone knows the relative rankings of each locally represented caste, and behaviour is constantly shaped by this knowledge.

Hierarchy plays an important role within families and kinship groupings also, where men outrank women of similar age, and senior relatives outrank junior relatives. Formal respect is accorded family members—for example, in northern India, a daughter-in-law shows deference to her husband, to all senior in-laws, and to all daughters of the household. Siblings, too, recognize age differences, with younger siblings addressing older siblings by respectful terms rather than by name. 

Purity and Pollution

Many status differences in Indian society are expressed in terms of ritual purity and pollution, complex notions that vary greatly among different castes, religious groups, and regions. Generally, high status is associated with purity and low status with pollution. Some kinds of purity are inherent; for example, a member of a high-ranking Brahmin, or priestly, caste is born with more inherent purity than someone born into a low-ranking sweeper, or scavenger, caste. 

Social Interdependence

One of the great themes pervading Indian life is social interdependence. People are born into groups—families, clans, sub castes, castes, and religious communities—and feel a deep sense of inseparability from these groups. People are deeply involved with others, and for many, the greatest fear is the possibility of being left alone, without social

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support. Psychologically, family members typically experience intense emotional interdependence. Economic activities, too, are deeply imbedded in a social nexus.

Through a multitude of kinship ties, each person is linked with kin in villages and towns near and far. Almost everywhere, a person goes, he can find a relative from whom he can expect moral and practical support.

LIVING ARRANGEMENT In India, elderly parents co-residing with their children can serve a dual purpose: children can take care of their parents’ health and daily needs, while parents can provide childcare for young grandchildren. These non-financial aspects of residence typify a joint living arrangement. Other benefits include those to elder health, particularly in terms of the relationship between co-residence and self-rated health, chronic and shortterm morbidity. Additionally, multigenerational households allow a pooling of finances and resources. This can either relieve the household budget constraint in case of strong pension systems, or exacerbate poverty when most financial support flow is upwards.

For elders that live alone, this financial safety net can disappear, adding a potential poverty dimension to ageing in India. A longer life span of the elderly implies a longer period of dependency on children in the traditional Indian family setting, and thus higher costs to meet healthcare and other needs.

An increase in the older population will lead to an urgent need for elder care and support, at a time, in India particularly where traditional family-based care is becoming less the norm than in the past With weak public pension and social security systems coupled with changing household structures, planning for the elderly especially in terms of living arrangements is critical. Added to this, is the fact that there are more elderly women surviving to older ages than their male counterparts do. These women were married at a time when large spousal age gaps were the norm, as were low female literacy and labour force participation. Planning for this feminization of aging is thus very important, as is the need to understand experiences leading to vulnerability in old age- financial, familial, or health-related.

HOUSE HOLD INCOME Around 69 per cent of households in India struggle with financial insecurity and vulnerability and the average income of families is Rs.23, 000 per month, according to a recent survey. The survey by Money9 provided insights into how India earns, spends and saves in the country’s first-ever state ranking of citizen financial security.

India’s Personal Finance Pulse maps Indian household’s income, savings, and investment and spending, said a statement issued by Money9, promoted by TV9 Network. “The survey finds that the average income of an Indian family of 4.2 persons

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UNDESIREABLE FEATURES OF THE CONCEPT For some people, micro apartments come with enough drawbacks to fill more than a few hundred square feet. For people who live in cities with inclement weather, there is the possibility of long winters without much opportunity for going outdoors.

There is also the storage struggle. Choosing this type of living arrangement means having to constantly audit every single item before bringing it home because it will take up an exaggerated amount of space in relation to the size of the apartment.

Being a host is virtually impossible in a micro apartment. There is little opportunity to host a big holiday dinner, a card night, or a birthday party in 300 square feet of space.

When people move to a fun city, it can be frustrating not to have the space to host friends and family from back home who want to visit for a few days.

The cost angle is mixed with micro apartments. In many cities, a micro apartment is not necessarily cheaper than the average rent in the area. “In terms of an absolute dollar per square foot they’re going to be more expensive than other apartments,” says Eiden.

Moving into an upscale micro-unit development often comes with other premiums as well. If you are moving into an unfurnished apartment, tracking down specialty furniture that actually fits can be an expensive, time-consuming prospect. In addition, the furniture purchased will essentially be useless once there is a move to a standardsized home or apartment.

There is also zero growth potential with a micro apartment. This can be frustrating for someone looking to settle in a city because there is no opportunity to bring in a roommate or second tenant. Lastly, many micro apartments do not allow pets.

IMPORTANCE OF APARTMENT FEATURES There are several other important apartment features including, safety measures, sound control, window thickness, fire safety, appearance of the grounds.

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1) Safety: Depending on the nature of your building, that could mean anything from a sensor-operated entrance, a security guard, or double-bolted locks. Perceptive tenants will also check unit windows for secure latches.

2) Size: builders could offer a different floor plan for the apartments on each floor of a complex, a design strategy that reflects the sense of individuality these young renters crave. These renters are also attracted to apartments with high ceilings, wood flooring, a bright living room and dining area. When it comes to the living area, you should ensure that there is enough floor space so they can express their individuality. Millennials, for example, want their living areas to reflect their sense of style as well as maximize the space.

3) Sound Control: Apartment living should feel like single-family home living. Renters do not want a constant reminder that others surround them, especially if it is keeping them awake at night or affecting their ability to work from home. One of the easiest ways to ensure this is by soundproofing rooms to ensure privacy and avoid disputes between residents.

4) Appearance: An important part of building a home is making it feel like your own.

For whatever reason, this is much easier to do in a space that feels brand new. In addition to scrubbing units down in between tenants, you should be following an annual renovation plan.

5) Maintenance Responsiveness: A recent survey by the given the National Apartment Association stated that multiunit rental complexes had almost a 10% increase in their operating expenses in 2019. Nine percent of that came from maintenance and repair for garden apartments and six percent for mid to high-rise apartment buildings. It is essential to understand why maintenance and repairs must be kept up on multifamily properties. The next important step knows how to get the most done as inexpensively as possible is the next concern, understandably.

We believe in preventative maintenance and using better materials to control costs and extend the life of the building components. For the balconies, rails, and stairways, we use composite decking and powder-coated materials that are held together with brackets and screws. This replaces the use of wood, which rots, or wrought iron that needs painting and welding 6) In-Unit Amenities: Cleaning tools, holiday decorations, and winter coats all need a home. Your current units may or may not have large closets. If they do not, consider building modern shelving and cabinet space into common rooms. A less desirable option would be creating a sort of community space with privacy lockers.

7) Community Wide Amenities: In addition to their personal space, young renters care deeply about the overall look, feel, and community of

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the apartment complex as a whole.

This is where luxury apartment community features come into play. Such luxury features include:      

Pet-Friendly Multifamily Parcel Lockers A Pool Security A Gym Parking

8) Landscaping: younger renters will gladly sacrifice space for convenience.

However, that does not mean they are not still seeking an urban oasis. Community centres, barbecue pits, and nature paths are all highly sought after commodities. Even if it is not a private balcony, such outdoor spaces can often validate sizable increases in rent.

9) Windows and Natural Light: Sunlight has been scientifically proven to improve mood and feelings of well-being. Those who feel especially affected by lack of natural light will prioritize it during their search. Make your rooms as bright as possible by trimming over-sized limbs, replacing dingy screens, and fixing any other elements that block light.

10) Parking: Few things can be as frustrating as an apartment complex that fails to offer convenient and secure parking. Young people do not want to have to commute from work and then spend the next 30 minutes trying to compete for a spot within a mile of their complex. They want to be able to pull into a parking space without a seconds’ thought. In addition, they factor in guest parking since many will want to invite their friends or romantic connections over without any serious hassle.

11) Location: Though a convenient location has always been desirable, it now appears to be more valuable than ever. Over the past decade, there has been an exodus of young people moving to city centres. A location’s Walk score is measured on a scale from 0 to 100 based on walking routes to popular destinations like grocery stores, restaurants, parks, and schools. Determine your building’s Walk Score and emphasize it on your website, promotional materials, and apartment tours.

12) In-Unit Washer and Dryer: Having washers and dryers in one of the common areas of your apartment complex is important but younger renters want to wash their clothes in the comfort and convenience of their homes. They do not want to deal with a musical chairs’ version of washing clothes: either hoping for an open washer and dryer unit or praying that no one moves or steals their things. Installing a washer and dryer in each of your apartments is a great way to attract the younger generation.

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CHAPTER 05 STRATEGIES FOR DESIGINING A AFFORDABLE APARTMENT COMPLEX 1. Micro-Housing

Small spaces are trending right now, as evidenced by the recent tiny house movement.

Apartments can be small, too, while still acting as functional, comfortable living spaces.

These tiny apartments often feature one living area with spaces for sleeping and sitting, as well as a kitchenette. Simple floor plans can help you make the most of small spaces, as can designing spaces to be multi-functional by incorporating flexibility into the design.

One way to increase a space's flexibility is to make furniture and other features storable, in the style of the tiny house. Couches, beds and tables, for example, can fold up into the wall. Thinking vertical by incorporating lofted beds and other spaces can help, as well.

2. More Common Spaces Another way to get the most out of small living spaces is to place more amenities in common areas. This could include features like laundry rooms, as well as spaces for relaxing, working or even cooking. Building one large area for a certain function is less expensive than building many smaller ones for each apartment.

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We Live, a company building "co-living" apartment buildings, takes this idea to the extreme. Their buildings contain separate units but also shared laundry rooms, pool tables and even espresso bars and dining establishments. The spaces are designed to foster a sense of community. Incorporating these ideas could also help make rents more affordable.

3. Modular Construction

Modular construction is another trend that can help make housing more affordable. This technique involves manufacturing buildings in parts off-site using pre-determined designs and materials. Then, a team assembles the parts on-site. This approach can make construction faster and reduce costs by around 20 percent.

4. Using Unconventional Land Land is often a significant expense when building an apartment complex. Architects can help reduce this cost by using creative designs to build in unexpected places. The Alley Flat Initiative in Austin, Texas, for example, helps construct homes in small, unconventional places. The most common spots for these small, sustainable homes are the backs of the lots of larger houses. The alley flats, as their name suggests, are accessible via the alley, rather than the main street.

5. Improved Ventilation and Energy Efficiency Even if rent is relatively low, high utility bills can make an apartment unaffordable.

Designers can help with this by incorporating features that save energy. Connecting the

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front door to the back door to improve ventilation will reduce the need to run air conditioning. Proper insulation will minimize heat loss in the winter. Energy-efficient appliances can result in substantial savings, as well.

6. Making Expanding Easy Using a favela-like incremental building approach can help to reduce housing costs in the long run. This strategy involves starting out with a basic design that can readily accept add-ons. This way, if the building owner wants to expand later, they do not have to purchase new land. It allows you to expand as resources allow without having to make another huge investment.

Building affordable apartment complexes is a challenge that designs and others in the field are ideally equipped to solve. Using these six building strategies and others can help them to create housing that is affordable as well as comfortable, practical and attractive.

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CHAPTER 06 INNOVATIVE IDEAS FOR MICRO APARTMENTS There is no need for big, space-consuming living spaces when you can get creative with your apartment layout. By using innovative ideas, you can create small, but comfortable, spaces that are perfect for single or shared living. Take a peek at the top five apartment concepts that are both trendy and elegant: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Make Multitasking Pieces Work Hard Contain it by Using Containers Light it Up Climb the Walls Get down on It 

Make Multitasking Pieces Work Hard

Apartment dwellers have limited space to work with, so it is important that they use every inch of it. One creative way to use less space is to install pouffes as accent pieces in your living room or bedroom. These soft, squishy cushions can transform a small space into a comfortable one in minutes. Pouffes are also practical furniture; they are easy to move and can be positioned in any corner of the room.

One example is the Living Cube by Japanese studio SANAA. The cube is designed as a communal living space, but it can also be used as individual bedrooms or office

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spaces. Each side of the cube has a different use, so people can easily switch between them depending on their needs. 

Contain It By Using Containers

It is essential to make the most of the little space you have available if you are confined to a small apartment or house. One way to do that is to use containers to keep everything in order. You can use decorative boxes, trays, baskets, and vases to create more free space in your room. This will not only make your home look more organised, but also it will also make it easier for you to find what you are looking for. For example, you could use a container to store clothes on the bottom shelf of a closet rather than taking up floor space in the closet itself.



Light It Up

Apartments that are designed with light in mind can really make a small space feel more spacious. When you have a limited amount of space, it is essential to bring in a significant number of lights to give the impression that the room is much larger than it really is. Secondary lighting can be used to create a warm and inviting atmosphere. Set

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up a few lamps near the couch to give it a cosy feeling. Alternatively, use lamps to light up an entire side of the room for an airy feel. When designing your apartment, remember to include lamps that work well with your unique space.



Climb The Walls

When living in a small space, it can be hard to find ways to maximise the floor space.

One solution is to utilise the walls. Bookshelves and racks can create vertical spaces that house an assortment of items. Create bulletin boards where you can display photos, art, and collectibles. You can also use shelving to store vases and other personal items.

When decorating your apartment, think about how you can create a vertical space , which allows you to maximise the amount of floor space you have. 

Get Down On It

If you are like most people, you probably do not have a lot of floor space in your home.

That is where clever apartment ideas come in handy. To create the atmosphere of a comfortable abode, you may put your available space to good use in any way you see fit. One clever way to do this is to get a cosy patterned rug and have loads of pillows on hand. This will give your living space the look and feel of an inviting cottage. 

Make the Most Of Vertical Space

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In a space this small, you have to use all your space – including up and down! Tall, narrow shelves will take up less floor space, and you can store things to the ceiling. By lofting your bed, you open up all that functional space underneath it. Floating shelves in your kitchen can function as décor and extra storage space for utensils. Your floor space is limited, so take advantage of your walls. 

Only Choose Functional Furniture

You cannot use your 400 square feet for foosball tables, uncomfortable, decorative chairs, or anything else that does not serve a functional purpose in your day-to-day life.

Ideally, all of the furniture you select for your micro apartment should serve multiple purposes. Choose a bed with built-in storage. Use a storage trunk as your coffee table.

Pick shelving units that can hold your massive collection of books and more. Every piece that you bring into your micro home should do more than simply look pretty.  Declutter And Embrace Minimalism The Fact Of The Matter Is That, No Matter How Organized And Ingenious You Are With Your Set-Up, Micro Apartment Living Requires A Degree Of Minimalism. Figure Out Your Belongings That Are Absolute Non-Negotiables, And Then Use This As An Opportunity To Purge The Rest. You Do Not Need To Keep Holding Onto Those Boots You Haven’t Worn In Three Years, The Box Of Dvds You Can’t Watch, And The Vast Collection Of Pots And Pans You Inherited From Your Parents. Keep What You Need — And Maybe A Few Things You Really Want — And Let Go Of The Dead Weight. 

Select Small Pieces Of Furniture

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Obvious, Right? A Small Space Demands Smaller Pieces Of Furniture. Downsize From Your King-Size Bed to A Full. Swap out Your Oversized Sectional for a Cosy Corner Sofa. When Furniture Shopping, Skip The Clunky, Bulky Pieces And Go For The Lighter, Airier Options To Make Your Small Space Feel Bigger.  Keep Things Organized In A Micro Apartment, You do not Have Room for Mess. There Is No Space For A “Junk Drawer,” Or A Chair That Holds Your Not-Dirty-But-Not-Totally-Clean Clothes. A Pile Of Clothes Here And Some Clutter Shoved Into A Closet There, And Suddenly Your Small Space Suddenly Feels Smaller. Keep Everything Organized And Tidy, From Your Toiletries To Your Clothes To Your Dishes To Your Books. Your Micro Apartment Will Be Most Functional When Everything Has A Place.

 Create Dual-Purpose Spaces. You Will No Longer Have The Luxury Of Dedicated Spaces In Your Micro Apartment.

Instead, similar to a One-Room Apartment Design, You will need to Create Flex Spaces That Can Serve More Than One Purpose. The Darling Bistro Table Where You Eat Your Scrambled Eggs Every Morning Will Also Be a Desk When You Work From Home. Your Sleeping Area May Also Serve As A Living Area, So Choose Your Dresser-Entertainment Centre Hybrid Piece Accordingly! Every Square Inch Of Your Space Will Be Precious, And Creating These Dual Spaces Is Essential For MicroLiving.  Utilize below-the-bed storage In smaller homes or homes without adequate storage, using the space under the bed provides additional options Under-bed space keeps items contained and out of sight and serves as a physical boundary to curtail the number of items coming into the space. It is also convenient because it keeps less-used items out of prime storage space.

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Approach your under-bed storage as you would any other home project: with a thoughtout strategy. Keep the space neat, organized and well edited, with no strewn belongings.

Choose attractive containers, or hang a stylish bed skirt to conceal plain storage boxes.

It is a good idea to purchase — or repurpose or build — storage items that fit properly under the bed, rather than simply sliding bins or boxes beneath. If the room is prone to dust, consider lidded containers; if you want frequent access to your items, choose storage solutions with wheels or add your own casters. 

Utilize narrow storage cabinets

Not every space is blessed with a large linen closet—or any closet for that matter. A narrow cabinet, such as this wooden one from Walmart, removes towels and sheets from precious shelf space and keeps them tucked away in their own designated area.



Sliding Wooden Door - Light Elegant Touch

Wooden doors can transform any space into a more luxurious one simply because wood exudes elegance and has a more impressive aesthetic when compared to any other

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material. Light bounces off wood more naturally when compared with the very light bounces off a laminated surface, and this adds to the sense of luxury in one’s home. 

The Dining Table Can Fit and Hide Amongst the Rest of the Kitchen Furnishing

Ergonomics is the study of enhancing human efficiency, by designing products that ensure comfort and wellness. Furniture that is ergonomic will match the curve of your body, help you to maintain the right posture, heighten your work efficiency and allow you to function without strain. Circular or square tables usually work well when they seat not more than 6 people. A larger circle will have dead space in the middle that cannot be easily accessed from any side.



Creating an Illusion of Volume Using Mirrored Surfaces

Using mirrors creatively in your home can make them not only useful for checking your appearance, but also for capturing light and projecting it into those darker corners, creating textural and spatial illusions, and highlighting your favourite accessories and ornaments by reflecting them into your vision from different angles.

Improve light: Placing a mirror in the correct place in a room allows you to optimise natural light. To do so, place the mirror adjacent to a window to perfectly catch the angle of light and bounce it throughout the room.

Create texture: Mirrors can be used to create texture in two ways. The first is by installing a textured mirror frame which adds a three dimensional level to the wall.

These can act as statement furnishings in any room.

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The second way to add texture in a room is to position the mirror so it reflects a textured object already in the room – a rustic, wooden coffee table, vase or faux fur throw, for example.

MULTIFUNCTIONAL FURNITURE FOR MICRO LIVING That is the magic of a multifunctional furniture design. It looks like a single product, but functions as more than one! They are a smart option for our modern urban homes, which tend to be pretty cramped; hence adding multiple bulky and cumbersome furniture designs to them is not really an option. However, multifunctional pieces that serve a variety of purposes, and solve a bunch of unique problems can be a lifesaver in such situations.  D-Tach

D-Tach is a versatile stool that transforms into a small workspace designed to accommodate today is mobile work culture. With each day, our world seems to become more and more mobile. Mobile offices, working from home and freelance careers are increasing in popularity as we move away from corporate offices. With work culture, making such a big shift towards mobile lifestyles, our home offices and furniture should reflect that. o Transforms into a small workspace o Fits into most modern offices

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

Acrobat

Acrobat is a multifunctional storage piece that combines the safekeeping components of an entryway table with the hanging function of a coatrack. As we continue to downsize our living spaces, the more multifunctional our furniture is, the better.

Smaller spaces don’t necessarily have to mean less living space. Multifunctional furniture helps make more room for living while taking care of a lot of our household tasks. We usually have our own system of arranging EDC items like key rings, wallets, and phones. Entryway tables and coat racks usually take the brunt of those organizational needs, so finding multifunctionality in their design is key to keeping our homes decluttered. Acrobat, a multifunctional coat rack designed by João Teixeira, combines the storage components of an entryway table with those of a coat rack. o The metal tube tops can also be used to hang clothes or hats without the need for a hanger o The wooden hull that interlinks the beams offers a safe space to store EDC items like wallets, phones, and keyrings. 

The Raak Mai desk

The Raak Mai desk is a multifunctional, versatile desk conceptualized for designers.

Preliminary inspired by the needs of designers, Rodríguez hoped to incorporate analogy mechanisms that work to take care of digital tasks. While many of the elements of the

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Raak Mai desk can be adjusted manually, the overall structure of the desk was fitted to ensure the digital needs of modern technology could be met. o Allows users to adjust the desk’s height, tilt, and storage capabilities according to their working needs. o An integrated winch allows users to manually adjust the desk to a standing height.



Curiosity-Go-Round

Curiosity-Go-Round is a cylindrical, miniature a workspace with integrated desks and tables.

library

that

also

functions as

Taking the multifunctional and immersive spirit of WFH furniture to its maximalist end, architect Keigo Kobayashi was called on by the Creative Project Base team to create a bookcase that combines elements of a traditional workspace with integrated storage units to form a bookworm’s private working oasis called Curiosity-Go-Round.

Before Curiosity-Go-Round reached completion, Japan-based Company Creative Project Base told Kobayashi, “I want you to make a bookshelf that can hold all the books you have now…I want to make it a place where you can come up with ideas by yourself.” o The convex shelves curve to provide spacious tables for collaborative or solo work. o The overall unit rises like a wonky cylinder with an open internal center that leaves room to explore the unit’s bookshelves.

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

Cassle

Cassle is a multifunctional piece of furniture designed for cats to have their own private retreat without taking up too much floor space.

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Keeping cats entertained in small spaces is quite the challenge. Tiny living quarters, like studio apartments and micro-homes, make sharing space with cats feel like a game of Tetris. It is all a matter of finding the right toys, litter boxes, and furniture to keep your cat happy, without taking over the entirety of your living area. Cassle, a multifunctional piece of furniture designed for cats by Soo Bin Cho, makes the most of your available floor and wall space to keep your cat happy and your apartment clutterfree o Made from biodegradable and sustainable materials. o An unconventional spin on traditional cat furniture, amounting to a piece that saves space and is multifunctional 

The Cowboy Side table

It seems we can never escape Deniz Aktay and his designs. This German furniture designer has become prolific when it comes to creating concept furniture pieces, especially tables. Every table he designs gives us something to think about. The latest creation is the Cowboy Side table Bookmark. It is a side table and a bookmark in one that lets you keep things organized. If you are a bookworm, you will want to have one and have your latest book to rest on such a table.

The side table allows things to be at an easy reach. Usually situated beside a sofa or your favourite armchair, you can place your drink on the table for when you want a nightcap. Leave your smartphone on the tabletop, so you do not miss any important call or message. In addition, when you need to take a break from reading a book, just put the last page face down on the book rest.

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The Cowboy Side table is called such because the tip that protrudes appears like a saddle, especially when there is a book on top.



The Threefold

This modular furniture brings to the users a lounger they can lay back on with support, or it can instantly transform into a low stool for the aged who cannot sit cross-legged on the ground. In addition, when you want to keep your food or a board game you are carrying along, the Threefold can become a sturdy table. A perfect companion for picnics and camping, the Threefold construction is supported by stretchers and is safe and secure to use.

There is frankly no dearth of adaptable furniture for picnics, camping, and outdoor events, but the Threefold presents its own use case, courtesy of its incredible versatility and effortless, timesaving flip in form. This is essentially true since the traditional mats we carry to the outdoors are limited in form. The fabric mats would offer more comfort, versus a semi-wooden mat as the threefold, however, it has limited application. If you would have realized, it excludes a section of users who cannot sit on the ground from convenience and comfort, compelling you to carry an additional folding chair. The conceptual Threefold outdoor furniture here extends adaptability to each individual’s needs in one useful unit. 

Transforms into a lounger, stool, and coffee table.



Safe + sturdy design.

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CHAPTER 07 CASE STUDIES MINIMALIST MICRO APARTMENT IN SEOUL Interior designer Ian Lee has lined the walls of the LIFE micro-apartments in South Korea with birch wood to offer tenants pared-back spaces that they can personalise.

Located in Seoul's Gangnam District, the apartments form part of a 16-storey co-living building for young adults, developed by co-working-space provider Fast five.

The block contains 140 rooms, which vary between 16 and 23 square metres in size, alongside shared living areas that Vancouver-based Lee also designed.

LIFE Micro-Apartments Are Lined With Birch Joiney

Lee's goal for the LIFE apartments was to create deliberately simple, timeless interiors that were visually uncluttered.

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While helping to distract from the small size of the rooms, this offers tenants the opportunity to create homely, private spaces with their own furniture and belongings.

The Birch Is Intended To Offer a Minimalist Finish

"Like in many densely populated cities, most young adults in Seoul struggle to find homes as housing prices climb," explained Lee. "I wanted this co-living space and the community it would build to be an accessible alternative to traditional housing options that can eventually give its residents a sense of belonging."

"One of my aims in designing these rental units was to find that balance, where the space feels timeless and comfortable as it is, but also like a blank canvas for tenants to personalise," Lee continued.

"The overarching goal was to evoke a sense of home” Each apartment is fully equipped with a private kitchen and bathroom, with storage and appliances built-in or hidden within the birch-lined walls to maximise useable space.

Some units are fitted with sliding glass partitions that can be used to divide the flats offering tenants flexibility while ensuring natural light can still filter through.

Lee chose birch as the main material for the micro-apartments to create a cosy finish, but also because the material forms a neutral backdrop for furnishings.

The only decorative elements he has included are playful arched cut-outs, reading nooks and window seats, which he hopes contribute to the cosy aesthetic.

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"Rental homes can feel generic, cold and utilitarian," Lee explained. "The soft spatial elements like arches and curves were used to infuse warmth and emotions into the rooms."

The shared living spaces, which were not photographed, include a communal kitchen, workspace, lounge, gym and rooftop garden.

Finished with an equally minimalist design, these are hoped to help foster community amongst tenants.