15th sept 2017 the production of informality

The production of [informality]-Nishant Pai Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Defining informal settlements UN-HABITAT defines a slum household as a group of individuals living under the same roof in an urban area who lack one or more of the following: 1. Durable housing of a permanent nature that protects against extreme climate conditions.

2. Sufficient living space which means not more than three people sharing the same room.

3. Easy access to safe water in sufficient amounts at an affordable price.

4. Access to adequate sanitation in the form of a private or public toilet shared by a reasonable number of people.

5. Security of tenure that prevents forced evictions

A Slum, for the purpose of Census, has been defined as residential areas where dwellings are unfit for human habitation by reasons of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangements and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of street, lack of ventilation, light, or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors which are detrimental to the safety and health.

(Housing stock, Amenities and assets in slums – Census of Inda 2011)

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Mumbai metropolitan Region •Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) is a metropolitan area in Maharashtra state, consisting of the state capital Mumbai and its satellite towns. Developing over a period of about 20 years, it consists of eight municipal corporations and fifteen smaller municipal councils. The entire area is overseen by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA), a Maharashtra State Government organisation in charge of town planning, development, transportation and housing in the region.

•The areas outside Greater Mumbai and Navi Mumbai have lacked organised development. The region has had problems related to haphazard and illegal development as a result of rapid urbanisation. Villages along the NH3 in Bhiwandi Taluka are examples of haphazard developments in the MMR. Government agencies such as Town Planning and Tax collection have faced challenges due to unorganised development.

•41.3% Households in the MMR live in Slum conditions. (Census of India,2011)

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Need for the study •Informal settlements, colloquially known as ‘Slums’ are a deeply rooted and complexly interwoven part of the urban fabric of Indian Metropolises.

• As the country’s commercial capital, Mumbai is a hub for migration, and owing to the city’s inability to meet the extreme housing stock, home to 52 lakh slum dwellers(census 2011).

•With the onset of the new government and the ‘Housing for all’ scheme, A large number of the self built settlements in Mumbai are facing rehabilitation in the name of development, caused by insensitive and exclusive policy making leading to exclusionary treatment of slum dwellers.

•This informal settling has spread to the entire Mumbai metropolitan region and beyond, and hence it is important to study the Region as whole to gain a deeper understanding of the causes, catalysts, and symptoms of the informal condition.

•The conclusions from this study could be used to drive sensitive policy making and better design decisions for dealing with informality.

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

This study aims to understand the underlying causes, catalysts and symptoms of the growth of informal settlements in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region by way of cataloguing and cross comparing self built informal settlements to find alternatives to existing rehabilitation systems which guide inclusive policy making and sensitive design decisions.

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Research Questions 1. How does government policy affect informal settling in the MMR? 2. How does Rapid urbanisation affect informal settling?

3. What is the relationship between development plans and occupational systems?

4. What are the mechanisms by which migrants find accommodation in the city?

5. How does the availability of land (or lack thereof) affect informal settling?

6. What are the alternatives to existing rehabilitation/redevelopment systems?

7. How can planners and architects handle informal settlements in a sensitive and inclusive way?

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Scope of study 1. This study is limited to the Mumbai Metropolitan Region as a geographical context.

2. The corporations and councils of the MMR are selected.

As this is a work in progress, only corporations have been presently studied.

3.

This study does not question the causes of rapid urbanisation or migration, and deals with only the causes of informal settling.

4.

The study does not include urban villages, gaothans and other formal housing systems.

5.

The study does not aim to provide a holistic design solution for informal settlements.

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

GIS Study

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

1.

GIS was used to demarcate patches of informal settlements in the Mumbai metropolitan region.

2.

Existing land use and development plans, along with google earth surveys were used as reference data.

3.

The informal pockets help to identify other geographical markers such as transport networks, unsued lands, natural areas and development zones.

4.

Proximity to industrial areas and Special Economic Zones is indicative of labour based settlements.

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Government Policy: Affects land allocation, land use and labour law. The state plays a major role in public opinion toward informal settlements. Policy (or lack thereof) creates a vacuum that is Filled by exploitative agencies.

Land Availability: Improper enforcement of land allocation and negligent upkeep helps informal settling. Many government and private land owners turn a blind eye.

Type of occupation: Migration to the city is driven mainly by occupation.

Many settlement start out as labour camps run by industrialists or developers. 80% of the migrants coming to Mumbai enter the informal sector for work.

Settling Mechanism: The means by which migrants access informal housing in the city. Includes land mafia, Job fixers, Industrialists and developers.

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Interactions between these systems produce informal settlements.

Variations in these mechanisms lead to different modes of production.

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Interactions between these systems produce informal settlements.

Variations in these mechanisms lead to different modes of production.

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Ramnagar, Thane

Chitalsar, Thane

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Baba Galli, Turbhe

Majiwade, Thane

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Manvelapada, Nalasopara

Ambedkar nagar, Nerul

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Kazimira, Mira Bhayandar

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Behrampada, Bandra

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Fishing Village, Versova

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Bholanagar, Kalwa

Tatanagar, Belapur

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Siddharthnagar, Dombivali

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI

Thank you

Local Dissemination Workshop

15th and 16th September, 2017. KRVIA, MUMBAI