One 00 Cultures Tower

ARCHITECTURAL THESIS

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 6 Prepared by: Hanan Salameh Maha Aljawabreh Nireen Abu-Huwaij

125976 131283 126940

Supervised by: Arch. Amal Malkawi

June, 20201.

TA B L E O F C O N T E N T INDEX Historical Identity of Towers

01

Structural System

02

Mechanical System

03

Sustainable System

04

Smart System

05

Precedence of Towers and their systems

06

Site Analysis

07

Spatial Program

08

Concept

09

Final Product

10

INTRODUCTION OF A TOWER

What is a Tower?

01

Historical Identity of Towers

02

Tallest structures in the world

03

Timeline of structures in towers

04

TOWER?

Architecture wise, towers are any building that is relatively tall in proportion to the dimensions of its base.

Height No. > built up area No.

HANAN SALAMEH - MAHA ALJAWABREH - NIREEN ABU HUWAIJ

W H AT I S A

W H AT I S A TOWER?

Identifying a tower as a building or a structure that is relatively high according to its diameter Example: Observation tower or Transmission tower

HISTORICAL IDENTITY OF STRUCTURE

Pyramids The Egyptian Pyramids Located in Egypt, were the very first structure of towers. The concept of load was different at tjhen.

U.S. Bank Tower This tower located in L.A. was initially made of concrete, after the invention of the Portland Cement.

Eiffel Tower The Eiffel Tower was one of the very first structures that was totally made of steel, it is located in Paris, France.

3000 BC

1906

1889

HISTORICAL IDENTITY OF CONCRETE

Egyptian Pyramids

Great Wall of China

Roman Architecture

Invention of Portland Cement

3000 BC

800-400 BC

300-500 BC

1824 AC

1st Concert High-Rise

Hover Dam

1st concrete Sports Dome

Tallest Reinforced Concrete Skyscraper

190 AC

1936 AC

1963 AC

1992 AC

TA L L E S T S T R U C T U R E S IN THE WORLD THROUGH OUT HISTORY

https://www.visualcapitalist.com/a-visual-timeline-of-the-tallest-historical-structures/

TA L L E S T S T R U C T U R E S IN THE WORLD THROUGH OUT HISTORY

TA L L E S T S T R U C T U R E S IN THE WORLD THROUGH OUT HISTORY

TA L L E S T S T R U C T U R E S IN THE WORLD THROUGH OUT HISTORY

TIMELINE OF TOWERS As per the idea of moving toward technology, the concept of towers started to develop as well.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM EXTERIOR INTERIOR HYBRID

FA Z LU R K H A N STRUCTURAL ENGINEER & ARCHITECT Fazlur Rahman Khan was a Bangladeshi-American structural engineer and architect, who initiated important structural systems for skyscrapers.

Structural Systems From Khans' Point of View.

EXTERIOR STRUCTURE When the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located at the building perimeter

TYPES OF STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

INTERIOR STRUCTURE When the major part of the lateral load resisting system is located within the interior of building

HYBRID STRUCTURES When 2 different structures work together or by taking some special elements from different structures.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS BEFORE 60S

STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS AFTER 60S

CATEGORIZATIONS

W H AT ' S S T R U C T U R E ?

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Structure is the load-carrying part of all natural and man-made forms, it is the part which enables them to stand under their own weight and under the worst conditions of externally applied force THE MAIN GOAL: Stability & High Strength

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

•

TYPES OF LOAD :

1.

2.

Dead load Live load

3. Point load 4. Lateral load 5. Impact load

• SYSTEM SELECTION FACTORS:

• • • • • • • •

Function Project size Cost Location Load Technology Resources Code requirements

• STRUCTURAL FORM

BRACED TUBE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS EXTERIOR • Tube is a system where in order to resist lateral loads • Known as trussed tube or Exterior diagonal- tube system utilized for greater heights and allows larger spacing between the columns • Steel buildings steel diagonals - trusses used

CATEGORIZATIONS

BEHAVIOR UNDER GRAVITY LOADING: Intermediate columns will displace downward by more than corresponding points on the diagonal controlled by the vertical displacement of the less highly stressed corner columns Downward force on each diagonal are carried at its ends by the corner columns - compressive forces are increased at each intersection with a diagonal = equalization of the stresses in the intermediate and corner columns

CASE STUDY BRACED TUBE STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS

Jonhan Hancock Center Chicago, U.S.

I M P O R TA N C E O F T H E B U I L D I N G : Creator of the tubed structure 1963. Father of tubular designs for high rises } Defined as: “a three dimensional space structure composed of three, four or possibly more frames, braced frames, or shear walls, joined at or near their edges to form a vertical tube-like structural system capable of resisting lateral forces in any direction by cantilevering from the foundation” (Evolution of Skyscrapers) The structural design marked an evolution in the design of structural systems for skyscrapers } The John Hancock Center was the first “trussed tube” structure utilizing exoskeletal members

“Harmony between structure and architectural form is the key to success of expression” (Ali, 990). } Architecture as Structural art and express their structure with clarity

L AT E R A L L O A D S : DIAGRAMS The building's tapered form helps reduce surface/wind loads.

Seismic Load: } low risk seismic zone } Khan later concluded system would be too rigid and not sufficiently ductile for use in high seismic zones

AXIAL STRESS DIAGRAM

SHEAR STRESS DIAGRAM

MOMENT DIAGRAM

DEFLECTION DIAGRAM

TUBE IN TUBE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM INTERIOR • Tube in tube system is more like a rigid frame because of its exterior columns and beams.

• the entire system is designed to support gravity loads.

CATEGORIZATIONS

RIGID FRAMES STRUCTURAL SYSTEM INTERIOR • The rigid frame system withstands bending moment, shear force and axial loads.

• Material : works with Reinforced Concrete

CATEGORIZATIONS

CORE AND OUTRIGGER STRUCTURAL SYSTEM INTERIOR •

Practically, Outrigger systems used for buildings up to 70 stories. Nonetheless, it can be used for higher buildings.

• Outriggers are categorized as interior structural systems that can work efficiently for up to 150 floors. It is one of the successful and stable configurations used in high-rise construction. Outrigger structural system is popular in construction since the 1980s due to its unique combination of architectural flexibility and structural efficiency.

• Shear core + Belt truss + Steel/Concrete composite columns

CATEGORIZATIONS

OUTRIGGER STRUCTURAL SYSTEM DIAGRAMS Steel Truss Outriggers Connected to Concrete Core Structure and Perimeter Columns

CASE STUDY CORE

AND

Burj Khalifa Dubai, UAE.

OUTRIGGER STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

STRUCTURAL CHALLENGES:

1. Site conditions 2. Tower foundation 3. Gravity analysis 4. Height of tower 5. Earthquake resistance 6. Wind engineering's 7. Construction material methods and technology

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM:

• Y’ shaped floor • Plan provides higher performance • The shape and the upward setbacks help the structure to reduce the wind • Buttressed Core System. Each wing buttresses the other through hexagonal central core.

• The central core has a higher resistance towards the torsional resistance

B U R J K H A L I FA

AXIAL STRESS DIAGRAM

SHEAR STRESS DIAGRAM

MOMENT DIAGRAM

VARYING ANGLE DIAGRID STRUC TURAL SYSTEM EXTERIOR •

The diagrid structural system can be defined as a diagonal members formed as a framework made by the intersection of different materials like metals, concrete or wooden beams which is used in the construction of buildings and roofs.

CATEGORIZATIONS

CONCRETE DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

STEEL DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

The most commonly used diagrid material is concrete.

The concrete diagrids are used in both type, precast and cast in-situ. As the precast concrete sections are flexible, it allows them to fit perfectly in the structure geometry.

It also protects from fire damages.

The most commonly and popularly used material in the construction of diagrids is steel. The sections commonly used are rectangular HSS, rounded HSS and wide flanges. The weight and size of the sections are made so as to resist the high bending loads.

But the precast concrete constitutes more to the dead load of the structure.

They can be quickly erected and the cost of labor for the installation is low.

CASE STUDY VARYING ANGLE DIAGRID STRUCTURAL SYSTEM Aldar Headquarters Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates

VARYING ANGLE DIAGRID STRUC TURAL SYSTEM DIAGRAMS One of the biggest challenges was the tight deadline for delivery, precast columns, stairs, landings and factory assembled toilet modules were widely employed to maximize off-site construction and accelerate the erection program on site.

FRAMED TUBE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM EXTERIOR •

ur, or possibly more frames, braced frames, or shear walls, joined at or near their edges to form a vertical tube-like structural system capable of resisting lateral forces in any direction by cantilevering from the foundation."

Khan defined a framed tube structure as "a three dimensional space structure composed of three, fo

CATEGORIZATIONS

FRAMED TUBE •Closely spaced perimeter columns interconnected by beams.

•It can take a variety of floor plan shapes.

•Efficient system to provide lateral resistance with or without interior columns.

•Exterior tube carries all the lateral loading.

CASE STUDY FRAMED TUBE

Aon Centre Chicago, U.S

FRAMED TUBE GENERAL INFORMATION

DISTRIBUTION OF LOADS

LATERAL LOADS

VERTICAL LOADS

S PA C E T R U S S S T R U C T U R A L S Y S T E M EXTERIOR • The space truss structure is more like a 3-Dimensional Truss • Connects Interior with exterior ( shown Structure )

CATEGORIZATIONS

S PA C E T R U S S •Space truss is commonly used in three-dimensional structural element. The forces are subjected axially in space truss elements, which are assumed pin connected where all the loads act only at joints.

CASE STUDY SPACE TRUSS

Bank of China Hong Kong

BANK OF CHINA SPACE TRUSS

L AT E R A L L O A D S

The wind speed in Hong Kong can reach as high as 143mph LATERAL FORCE SYSTEM1

LATERAL FORCE SYSTEM2

WIND LOAD ANALYSIS

W I N D L O A D A N A LY S I S

BENDING MOMENT

SHEAR FORCE

AXIAL LOAD

DEFLECTION

L AT E R A L L O A D : ADDITIONAL MECHANISM The additional downward force from the transfer increases the effective stance of the building to resist lateral loads.

COLUMNS The shape causes eccentric load. Offcenter loads would cause excessive stresses in columns.

The solution is that using uniform shear force mechanism that could counteract and eliminate the bending.

The system is outstanding of its economy of material.

VERTICAL LOAD SPACE TRUSS Allows for the vast majority of the gravitational load to be supported at the exterior. By doing so, this eliminated about half of the dead load that there usually is in tall buildings (less steel was needed).

The centre column, rising from the 25thfloor, bears the gravitational load and resists the overturning moment.

BURJ-AL-ARAB CASE STUDY

Tom Wills - Wright Dubai, UAE

TOM WILLS - WRIGHT

Who

Who

The architect and designer of the Burj al Arab in Dubai, UAE.

Tom Wright is British, born in Croydon a suburb of London on 18th September 1957.

Proccess of Working lived in Dubai during the design and construction of the project, working as the project Design Director for Atkins , one of the world′s leading multi discipline design consultancies.

Education The Royal Russell School and then Kingston Polytechnic school of Architecture.

He became a member of the Royal institute of British Architects in 1983 present.

• United Arab Emirates – Dubai • Private Island (280 m Offshore)

LOCATION

General Information

BUILDING NAME: Burj-Al-Arab Hotel.

FORMER NAMES: Arab Sail.

CHIEF ARCHITECT: Tom Wright of Atkins.

CHIEF CONTRACTOR: WS Atkins Partners Overseas.

CONSTRUCTION CONTRACTOR:

CONSTRUCTION :

Murray & Roberts.

1993 – 1999.

FLOORS : 60 Floors.

FLOOR AREA : BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

111,500 m2

General Information

A luxury hotel.

Used exclusively as a hotel.

Height: 321 m

Stands on an artificial island.

Connected to the mainland by a private curving bridge.

Designed to symbolize Dubai's urban transformation and to mimic the sail of a boat.

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

Theoretical

Concept

The client wanted to design, not just a hotel, but also a signature building; one that would announce, "Welcome to Dubai".

A dramatic statement with imagery that would immediately conjure up images of the city.

The building is built on sand, which is unusual as most tall building are founded on rock.

The Burj Al-Arab is supported on 250, 1.5M diameter columns that go 45 meters under the sea. As there is only sand to hold the building up the columns rely on friction.

Orientation & Circulation

Concept

Orientation & Circulation

Concept

The orientation of the building minimizes the heat gain during the summer seasons.

The south elevation has the most exposed surface area. As a result, it has the maximum capacity for heat absorption.

For people, there is access to the hotel through the roof via a helicopter. At the main entrance there is a grand stairway, an escalator and elevators.

For air, the revolving door located at the main entrance acts as a locking mechanism to prevent a phenomenon known as the stack effect, which occurs when the hot air rises and the cool air falls in a tall building.

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH

Geographic location subjects the hotel to severe weather conditions including strong winds and occasional violent thunderstorms.

WIND EFFECTS DUBAI’S Due to the structure’s proximity to its adjacent hotel resort, wind tunnel testing was considered to ensure a safe design.

wind speed of 45 meters per second, under the recommendations of Dubai Municipality, was adopted for the design.

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH WIND EFFECTS DUBAI’S

ENVIRONMENTAL APPROACH VORTEX SHEDDING

• Analysis were done with respect to Building response under wind loads • Wind tunnel could threaten the entire skeleton. Wind blowing away sharp edges can cause destruction.

• Vibration may cause due to vortex shedding

RESPONSE

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

• First option was to change the shape but Architect was against and forced the engineer to re-think.

• Ingenious hanging weight were installed at variable places - when wind blows, 5 ton weight will swing and damp down the vibrations to safety limits (refer image for locations highlighted in red)

Structural Expressionism • Structural Expressionism basically means that the structural components of the building are visible on the inside as well as outside • Exposed truss work and complex shapes.

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

Island Construction

CONCEPT&DESIGN

PHASE 1 It took 3 yrs to reclaim the land from sea and less than 3 yrs to construct the building.

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

Island rises 7 and a half meters above the waves. it's protected by concrete honeycomb shape solid blocks designed to reduce the impact of waves.

Main concern was protection of island, waves breaking over island and impacting the structure.

FINAL PHASE Architect-Wright however rejected the proposal of rocks because this would make island too high and his concept was –sail rising from water-people close to sea.

pioneering concrete blocks- specially designed to reduce impact of waves.

Testing were done to ensure island was safe

Process Timeline

PHASE 1 • Temporary tube piles driven into sea bed • Temporary sheet piles and tie rods driven into seabed to support boundary rocks

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

PHASE 2 • Permanent boundary rock bunds deposited either side of sheet piles • Hydraulic fill layers deposited between bunds to displace seawater and form island

PHASE 3 • Permanent concrete armor units placed around island to protect it from the waves • 1.5 m diameter 45m deep piles driven through island and sea bed below to stabilize structure

PHASE 4 • Island interior excavated and temporary sheet pile coffer dam inserted • 2m thick concrete plug slab laid at base of island • Reinforced concrete retaining wall built • Basement floors created

Concrete Blocks As wave hit the block, water pass inside and turn around in itself and hence force is dissipated and hence battle for secure island is won.

worked like sponge

Island only 7 and half meter above sea level was ready in Nov 1995.

FOUNDATION CHALLENGES

It was very challenging to design foundations to Support the mega structure-270 miles off coast, 320 m in height on man-made island (6mts from Arabian Sea) resistant to earthquake (falling under range of major fault line) and wind that blows 90 miles per hour.

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

Structure was designed to amaze-one never built before. Location on a reclaimed land was added challenge.

FOUNDATION RESULTS

• The building is built on sand. Sand was compacted around the building to create friction against pile. This

stopped the building from sinking.

• Each column is a steel reinforced concrete foundation pile with 45 meter in length.

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

• Piles -20 percent longer than planned were executed with combined length of six and a half miles-35 times as long as tiring hotel to support.

• Longer the pile the greater the effect of skin friction is.

Foundations has the capacity to resists failure due to Liquefaction which is caused during earthquakes.

Process of

CONSTRUCTION SITE

Materials and Structure Types/Locations

CORE

EXOSKELETON FRAME

SKYVIEW

HELIPAD

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

FACADE

CORE.

• The v shape form of prefabricated concrete is hold in place with cross brace frame and a gigantic steel structure known as exoskeleton.

• connecting the two cores with cross bracings of fabricated box section,imparting stability

EXOSKELETON FRAME

• Exoskeleton is made of two legs on each side of the structure.

These Legs are built up HSections connected by lattice braced members.

• Diagonal are huge tubular triangular trusses tied to two legs to the central core. The diagonal trusses can contract and expand up to 5 cm in 24 hours.

• Horizontals-connects rear leg to core wall • The exoskeleton bows are provided with tuned mass damper at 11 critical points with 5 ton weight which swings to damp down the vibrations caused by vortex shedding,

FACADE

• Fabric wall stretched between horizontal beams • stretch woven double skinned teflon coated woven glass fibre screen.

• Glazed curtain wall with aluminium cladding • Steel structure claded with 6mm composite aluminium panels

SKYVIEW RESTAURANT

• series of steel brackets cast into the core • 10 girders radiates out • Box girders 27 m projected each side,200m above sea • Sky view restaurant: survives wind 160 km/hour aluminium, glass, steel frame

HELIPAD

• Made of steel trusses and 20mm thick plates • Two props circular steel pipes 1m in diameter • Forms inverted V-shape inclined at 30 degree angle.

• Tied back to the central core by 40 m long spine truss

Load Analysis

TOTAL DEAD LOAD : 2850,000,000 lbs

TOTAL LIVE LOAD : 86,160,000 lbs

TOTAL LOAD ON FOUNDATION : 150,000 lbs/SF

MAXIMUM HORIZONTAL WIND LOAD : 2,366,000 lbs

LOAD TYPES: • Lateral Loads • Vertical Loads

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

LATERAL LOADS

The trusses act as cross bracing to wind and earthquake forces.

The Burj Al Arab has three tubular steel trusses on the outside of the two sides of the V (in green).

The shape of Burj Al Arab lowers wind forces more effectively than a square building because of the streamlined V and curved fabric atrium wall (in blue).

Due to the rigidity, lateral loads are transferred to the fabric wall which acts similar to a diaphragm.

The translucent fabric wall of the atrium helps transfer lateral load (in red).

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

BURJ-AL-ARAB, DUBAI

The structure transfers vertical loads from the top to the bottom of the structure using several different aspects.

The structure transfers the vertical loading is through the large spine. This is the most direct way for the vertical loads to reach the ground.

the vertical loads transfer through the curved edge.

The steel trusses running alongside the structure also helps in deflecting the horizontal loads.

VERTICAL LOADS

Structural Analysis

Frames

MULTIFRAME 2D MODEL OF BUILDING SECTION

SPECIALIZATIONS

Structural Analysis

BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM

SHEAR FORCE DIAGRAM

DEFLECTION DIAGRAM

MECHANICAL SYSTEM Moving components that serve the tower

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS BRIEF INTRODUCTION Mechanical System services in a building: HVAC (heating, ventilating, air conditioning) Elevators & Escalators Fire System Plumbing (pipes, sewer, fixtures, water, etc.)

Basically, if it has moving components or helps something move, like water, gas or electricity, it's probably a mechanical system.

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS BRIEF INTRODUCTION

MAIN GOALS OF THE MECHANICAL SYSTEM HIGH-PERFORMANCE BUILDING

MAINTAIN GOOD INDOOR AIR QUALITY

PROVIDES sERVICES

THERMAL COMFORT

Definition: A set of conditions that a majority of people find acceptable. (temperature, humidity, air speed, etc.)

Factors that affect the user Air temperature, humidity, air velocity, and mean radiant temperature.

Non-environmental factors such as clothing, gender, age and metabolic activity

THERMAL COMFORT

HVAC SYSTEM HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING The use of high performance HVAC equipment can result in considerable energy, emissions, and cost savings (10%–40%).

Whole building design coupled with an "extended comfort zone" can produce much greater savings (40%–70%).

GOAL: To maintain thermal comfort

HVAC SYSTEM GOALS

• Controls Temperature • Fresh air circulation • Air filtration

• Elevators account for 2%–10% of a building’s energy consumption. During peak usage hours, elevators may utilize up to 40% of the building’s energy.

• A comparison of energy consumptions among different elevator systems.

E L E VAT O R E S LIFT shaft to carry passengers or freight between the levels of a multistory building

M E C H A N I C A L M A C H I N E S O F E L E VAT O R S :

HYDRAULIC

CONVENTIONAL

DOUBLE DECKER

powered by an electric motor which pumps hydraulic fluid

Steel Wire Rope

2 cabins on top of each other --

M E C H A N I C A L M A C H I N E S O F E L E VAT O R S :

HYDRAULIC

CONVENTIONAL ROPE

DOUBLEDECKER ROPE

powered by an electric motor which pumps hydraulic fluid

Steel Wire Rope

2 cabins on top of each other --

E L E VAT O R T Y P E S :

SINGLE-DECK

DOUBLE-DECK

TWIN ELEVATORS

MULTI ELEVATORS

Conventional (top) versus destination dispatching system (bottom). In conventional systems, passengers press an up-or-down call button and wait. Then the crowd board the first arriving car, jostle to select their destination and stop at every floor selected. With the latter system, passengers input their destinations prior to entering the car using keypads or touch-screens strategically placed in the lobby. The system instantly directs each passenger to a car specifically assigned to his or her requested floor. Once in the elevator car, it automatically takes the passenger to the destination floor.

D E S T I N AT I O N DISPATCHING SYSTEMS Elevators

SHANGHAI TOWER ELEVATORS Case

106 elevators serve the tower’s tenants and visitors by taking them to the various functions of the tower. Three sets of elevators, called bullet elevators, travel directly between the second basement level and the observation deck on the 119th floor

MEP SYSTEMS FOR SUPERTALL BUILDINGS

• Planning of MEP equipment rooms and vertical riser pathways.

• Dedicated technical floors establish vertical zones extending up the height of the tower •Technical floors • Single • Double • Triple Includes accommodation of structural & architectural elements

PLUMBING SYSTEM DEFINITION

Any system that conveys fluids for a wide range of applications. Plumbing uses pipes, valves, plumbing fixtures, tanks, and other apparatuses to convey fluids. needs an architectural void to be placed in EDITT TOWER

GREENLAND TOWER

• 10 distinct MEP/FP vertical zones • 5 corresponding technical zones • 3 technical floors per technical zone

FIRE SYSTEM Definition: the most important part of the building services, as its aim is to protect human life and property, strictly in that order.

It consists of three basic parts: • a large store of water in tanks • a specialized pumping system • a large network of pipes ending in either hydrants or sprinklers

Refugee Rooms -evacuation opening -Insulated perfectly from fire -Empty wide open space (large span)

FIRE SYSTEM in Burj Khalifa per floor

PLUMBING SYSTEM in Burj Khalifa

MECHANICAL FLOORS in Burj Khalifa

E L E VAT O R S A N A LY S I S in Burj Khalifa

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM in Burj Khalifa

Material: Concrete + steel Structure: buttressed Core

CASE STUDY LAKHTA CENTER

462M 2018 RUSSIA

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

F O U N D AT I O N

PIT DISK SYSTEM •4RC DISCS INSIDE RC BOX

•264 PILLARS WITH 2M DIMETER S = 5 6 0 0 sq. M H= 16.5 M

VERTICAL LOAD BEHAVIOR

F O U N D AT I O N

ABOVE GROUND LEVEL

BELOW GROUND LEVEL

OUTRIGGER

OUTRIGGER

OUTRIGGER FLOOR • Each 14 flO O R S T H E R E I S A M U L T I - H I G H O U T R I G G E R F L O O R •CONNECT BETWEEN CORE & COLUMNS • TECHNICAL FLOOR + REFUGE ROOM

COLUMNS

SIDE SKY LINE COLUMNS • 15 columnS • SECTION AREA= 2.25 SQ. M • H=8.4 M (HEIGHT OF TWO TYPICAL FLOORS) • EXTERIOR STRUCTURE

COLUMNS

• TO SUPPORT SLABS • PRECAST COMPOSITE • STEEL+ CONCRETE

column

S

CORE

CENTRAL ELEMENTS • GOESFROM FOUNDATION UP TO THE • 70% OF VERTICAL LOAD

top floor of

THE BUILDING

MECHANICAL SYSTEM IN THE CORE

MECHANICAL SYSTEM IN THE CORE

CORE FORMWORK

• FORMWORK IS DIVIDED INTO TWO

parts for lakh

TACENTER

THE PYRAMID

• • • •

8 MAIN LEVELS H=117M STEEL PIPES OCCUPIED THE

building

top floors from 83-86 •

THE TOP LEVELS, MEP, COMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT AND WEATHER SENSORS. House HVAC system for

GLAZING

• 4.2M*2.8 • THICKNESS=4CM

GLAZING

• TWO LINE GLAZING BUFFER ZONE

GLAZING

RESISTANCE TEST 1.NATURALELEMENTS 2.MANMAD ELEMENTS

FORM ARCHITECTURAL

A DESIGN INSPIRED ENTIRELY BY THE CITY OF ST PETERSBURG WITH ITS BAROQUE ARCHITECTURE AND WATER FILLED CANALS, WITH THE CHANGING FORM OF WATER TO ICE, FROM SOFT ORGANIC FREE-FORM TO ANGULAR CRYSTALLINE GEOMETRY.

FORM ARCHITECTURAL

• 0-89 DEGREE • EACH FLOOR TILTED WITH 1 DEGREE

FUNCTION ARCHITECTURAL

CASE STUDY LEEZA SOHO

207M 2019

Southwest Beijing

FORM CONCEPT

FORM CONCEPT

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS 2 CORES

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS SLABS

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS COLUMNS

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OUTRIGGER

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS TRUSSES

2 CORES

TWO HALVES ENCLOSED

BY A SINGLE FAÇADE SHELL.

GLAZING

SLABS

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS STEEL MEMBERS • VERTICAL • HORIZONTAL • DIAGONAL • BRIDGES

• H=194M • ROTATES THROUGH THEM BUILDING TILL THE TOP • ACTING AS A THERMAL CHIMNEY • NATURAL LIGHT

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

• 3 TECHNICAL FLOORS (MEP, HVAC, REFUGE) • DOUBLE-HEIGHT FLOOR

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ELEVATORS

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS ESCALATOR

• 4 FLOORS UNDER GROUND

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS FIRE STAGING

MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT

• FALSE CELLING = MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT FOR • Height F O R E A C H F L O O R 4 . 2

each floor

S U S TA I N A B L E SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

CASE STUDY ANTALYA TOWER

101 meters 2016 Istanbul, Turkey.

E X P O 2 0 1 6 A N TA LYA “A GREEN LIFE FOR FUTURE GENERATION” Focused on botanic, EXPO 2016 Antalya along with the motto “A green life for future generation” adopted the theme as “Flowers and Children”. Along with its motto and the theme a master plan layout was drawn on an area of 1,100,000 m² (110 h). According to the functional layout the location was seeking for an iconic Tower to represent the event. An architecture competition was opened to design the tower.

CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

THE CORE OF THE BUILDING, WHICH HAS • 2 FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS, • 2 PANORAMIC ELEVATORS, • 1 FIRE ELEVATOR AND MECHANICAL ROOMS, IS MADE UP OF CONCRETE. T H E S T E E L C O L U M N S C A R R Y I N G T H E O B S E R V A T I O N T erraces

is connected to the concrete

core.

O F T H E T E R R A C es are a combination O F C O N C R E T E A N D S T E E L . A N C H O R A G E AND BOLT ARE USED TO CONNECT CONCRETE AND STEEL PARTS OF THE BUILDING. The floors

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CORE

• • • •

2 FIRE ESCAPE STAIRS 2 PANORAMIC ELEVATORS 1 FIRE ELEVATOR MECHANICAL ROOMS

THE CORE IS MADE UP OF CONCRETE.

THE • 1 • 1 • 2 • 1

TOWER STANDS 100.7 M TALL. BASEMENT FLOOR MECHANICAL FLOOR CLOSED TERRACES OPEN OBSERVATORY TERRACE.

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS CORE(MECHANICAL )

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS FLOOR PLANS

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM DIAGRID ON FAÇADE TO INCREASE SECURITY AND INACTIVE THE EFFECT OF THE WIND FORCES

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM CONSTRUCTIONAL PROCESS

CASE STUDY GREENLAND TOWER

468 meters 2017 Sydney, Australia

GREENLAND TOWER INFORMATION Chengdu Greenland Tower's architecture and structure are married perfectly.

The design fully considers the structural requirements of a supertall building in a high seismic zone, using a geometrical plan, a tapered form, and a highperformance damper bracing system to ensure the structure's stability and efficiency. The building also features an allotment of high-efficiency sustainability systems, including high-performance glass paneling on the

ADOPT A TAPERED TOWER CORE. TAPERING THE CORE AVOIDS THE NEED FOR WALL TRANSFER OR THICKER WALLS AT THE LOWER LEVELS TO SUPPORT THE UPPER WALLS, AND THUS INCREASING THE BUILDING’S EFFICIENCY

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM CORE + OUTRIGGER TRUSS + MEGA EXTERIOR

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM CORE & STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM OCTAGONAL CORE

GREENLAND TOWER STRUCTURE Even though the exoskeleton of the Chengdu Greenland main tower is a very stiff lateral system by itself, its contribution to the stiffness of the entire tower cannot be fully realized without outriggers. Three sets of outrigger trusses are placed at levels 23 to 26, levels 47 to 50, and levels 98 to 100 respectively. All three zones are mechanical equipment floors, minimizing the impact of the outrigger trusses on occupied building space. When connected to the core through outriggers, the exoskeleton provides very large stiffness against tower flexure

MECHANICAL SYSTEM

MECHANICAL SYSTEM

CASE STUDY O-14 FOLDED EXOSKELETON

102 meters 2010 Dubai, UAE

O-14 ARCHITECTURAL OVERVIEW

O-14 is a 22-story commercial tower characterized by 1,326 openings, randomly located and varying in size, throughout the whole exterior shell. The tower contains over 27,900 square meters (300,000 square feet)

EXTERIOR C I R C U L AT I O N AROUND THE TOWER

Stairs and five elevator in the centralized core Vertical circulation is centralized

PLANS INTERIOR CIRCULATION

T h e concrete s h e l l o f O - 1 4 provides an efficient structural exoskeleton that frees the core from the burden of lateral forces and creates highly efficient, column-free open spaces in the building’s interior.

PLANS INTERIOR CIRCULATION

The typical curtain-wall tower configuration re s u l t s i n f l o o r p l a t e s that must be thickened to carry lateral loads to the core, yet in O-14 these can be minimized to only respond to span and vibration.

PLANS INTERIOR CIRCULATION

The concrete shell p r o v i d e s a n efficient structu r a l e x o s k e l e t o n and creates highly efficient, column-free open spaces in the building’s interior

STRUCTURE SYSTEM EXOSKELETON

STRUCTURE SYSTEM EXOSKELETON

C U R T A in wall O F F I C E T O W E R S , C A N B E MINIMIZED FOR ONLY VERTICAL LOADING, UTILITIES, AND TRANSPORTATION CURTAIN WALL OFFICE TOWERS, CAN BE MINIMIZED FOR ONLY VERTICAL LOADING, UTILITIES, AND TRANSPORTATION

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SKELETON

typology has been turned inside out ure and skin have flipped to offer a new economy of tectonics and of space struct

ARCHITECTURAL SYSTEM ELEVATIONS

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SECTIONS

O-14 3-D DIAGRAMS

Sustainble Plus smart 136 slides

CASE STUDIES of Towers

Hanan Salameh ID : 125976

Hanans work 31 slides

MAH A MO H AMMAD AL JAWAB RE H ID : 131283

PA R N A S T O W E R Multi use tower LOATION : SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA

C L I M AT E Seoul has a wet and very humid climate during the summer season, with cold and dry weather during the winter season. Spring (although windy) and autumn are mild but are short in duration

FORM : AERODYNAMICS

Parnas tower does not have the need for sustainable design for aerodynamics as it has a good ration of base to height . though a fairly short shaft , the site is surrounded by other buildings and towers in very dense area . small features suggest the cut corners help cutdown on wind load with the curtain wall continuing to cover the open atrium toward the top of the tower

PA R K I N G

MECHANICAL FLOOR

LOBBY

OFFICE

Parnas is a multi use tower featuring office space , hotel room , and residential condominiums. Along with parking and retail below ground , the tower features a 3 storyhigh base featuring lobby space

HOTEL / RESIDENTIAL

ZONING :

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

:

CORE AND OUTRIGGER STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

The constructor, GS E&C, went through complex construction process by adopting non-noise and non-vibration method for the continuous operation of the hotel in the most densely populated area in Seoul. It excavated the lower part and expanded the building with the existing facility propped up using a supporting structure. Applying post tension method and flat slab method, it built the new office building while remodeling the existing hotel. GS E&C also applied three-dimensional simulation method using BIM Modeling and 3D Scanner to secure the high-quality construction through checking and correcting the irrationalities and interruptions in advance.

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

:

CORE AND OUTRIGGER STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

the parnas tower features posttension technology that allows for the floor plates to house minimal columns . this was a decision made by investors in order to change more for office spaces . the system could not support the ceiling height . therefore they post tension system was applied to tower using strictly the core walls to support lateral loads

MECHANICAL SYSTEM ELEVATOR DIAGRAM

the mechanical system , electrical , and plumbing (MEP) systems though put the pumas tower are housedwithin the core of the shaft . running vertically these systems are provide-ed space for air, both space for air , both potable and non-potable water , technologies / communication systems , and electricity for the floors MEP and their occupancy in the core , can also act as a system transporting information or essentials between mechanical levels and to the broader city system

MECHANICAL SYSTEM

M AT E R I A L : A curtain wall system is an outer covering of a building in which the outer walls are non-structural, utilized only to keep the weather out and the occupants in. Since the curtain wall is nonstructural, it can be made of lightweight materials, thereby reducing construction costs. When glass is used as the curtain wall, an advantage is that natural light can penetrate deeper within the building. The curtain wall façade does not carry any structural load from the building other than its own dead load weight. The wall transfers lateral wind loads that are incident upon it to the main building structure through connections at floors or columns of the building. A curtain wall is designed to resist air and water infiltration, absorb sway induced by wind and seismic forces acting on the building, withstand wind loads, and support its own weight.

S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y pranas tower in sustainability when it comes to interior quality , materials , resources and efficiency despite hake several different green features such as two roof gardens and green wall in the interior . most of the practices seem to be an after thought to actual ecological sustainability . though were space is lacking, it makes up for in terms of site design supporting equity and economy on its corner lot according to leed it scored high on altermatic transportation giving its walking distance and relevancy to the neighborhood in addition to the train access in its secondary lobby . its development density and community connectivity play a strong leading role for towers gold ranking pranas had also received a full score for water efficiency , making use of green spaces , water reduction and inactive waste watertechnologies.

S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y

SEGRAM BUILDING CONNECTING THE INTERIOR WITH EXTERIOR 157 M – 38 STORIES LOATION : NEW YORK

C L I M AT E NEWYORK

The climate of New York state is generally humid continental, while the extreme southeastern portion of the state (New York City and Long Island area) lies in the warmer humid subtropical climate zone. Winter temperatures average below freezing during January and February in much of New York state, but several degrees above freezing along the Atlantic coastline, including New York City

ZONING The bulk of the interior serves pri-merrily as office space with mechanic-ical spaces at the top levels of both towers. The ground level is occupied by a double height lobby space while the space below grade serves as underground parking.

OFFICE

LOBBY

MECHANICAL ROOM

PA R K I N G

MECHANICAL SYSTEM CORE AND OUTRIGGER STRUCTURAL SYSTEM structure combines a steel moment frame and a steel and reinforced concrete core

Mies's originally wanted to express the structural elements by exposing the steel frame, however, fire safely codes at the time required all structural steel to be covered in a fire proof material, generally reinforced concrete The concrete shear walls extend to the,17th floor while bracing extend to the29th floor. At the time, it was the first building to combine a brace frame with moment frame as well as servings the tallest building to incorporate high strength bolted connections To emphasize the bare elements, the exterior glazing is accompanied with nonstructural -beams as a result of the fire codes.

FORM: AERODYNAMICS

Analysis

The international style of the Seagram Building demonstrates little considerations to the optimization of aerodynamics as Mies was more focused on creating a rational, economical, and functional form resulting in a box-like shape. As wind loads strike the building's form, the flatness of the exterior facades generate a greater amount of turbulence as the it wraps around the entirety of the building. Ultimately, increasing the resistances of the wind speed on the sides of the building.

MECHANICAL SYSTEM ELEVATOR DIAGRAM 38 STORY

The vertical circulation is made of four public elevators and one service shaft, all of which is located within the core of the tower. The public lifts offer access to every level including the parking garage, but permitsaccess to the mechanical floors. The service tift travels from the parking garage to the rooftop, allowing convenient transportation of equipment and maintenance support

M AT E R I A L :

The Seagram Building was built of a steel frame, from which non-structural glass walls were hung. Mies preferred the steel frame to be visible to all; however, American building codes at the time required that all structural steel be covered in a fireproof material, usually concrete, because improperly protected steel columns or beams may soften and fail in confined fires.

S U S TA I N A B I L I T Y The Seagram Building offers littlest no sustainable characteristics. The extensive curtain-wall and large window areas (extending from floor to ceiling) lack no thermal breaks creating a warm interior atmosphere year round that adds increased dependency on the mechanical sys-teems to cool the interior spaces. This not only increases the cost per year of air conditioning, but also creates an unpleasant work environment for its occupants.. he deep floor plans result in large open spaces that produce a warm interior that is difficult to control. The form in itself offers little to no areas where bolt-on "green" additions can be incorporated and the buildings orientation exploits natural daylight In fact, the Seagram Building ranks one of lowest energy performing building of all time with a score of 3with respect to heating, cooling and lighting technologies

Nireen Abu-Huwaij ID : 126940

TA O Z H U Y U A N SMART+SUSTAINABLE

Area: 42705 m² year: 2020 TAIPEI, TAIWAN (ROC)

Tao Zhu Yin Yuan identifies as a forest architecture showing great combination of innovative science, bioclimatic passive systems and pro-active technologies into architecture.

The greening system of this project are featuring on its balcony: vertically revolving balcony.

The base is also shrinked back and setup 5 to 6.5 meters sidewalk with public green space.

T H E C H A R A C T E R I S T I C O F R E V O LV I N G B A L C O N I E S I S T O S H A P E S PA C E S F O R R I C H P L A N T S A N D S U N ‐ L I G H T O N E A C H B U I L D I N G L AY E R : 165 m² of ambient sky garden for each unit 270 degree panoramic magnificent big vision 14 big trees planted for each floor 6600 m² of artistic park retained on ground level

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

DNA Concept The project has been devoted to promoting carbon‐absorbing architecture, in order to decrease the temperature of the Earth.

The architectural concept is to eco‐design an energy selfsufficient building, whose energy is electric, thermal and also alimentary.

THE 4 MAIN OBJECTIVES OF THIS TWISTING SHAPE ARE:

Perfectly integrated in the North / South pyramidal profile of the Building Volume defined with the urban setbacks required by the Municiplaity of Taipei.

Generate a maximum of cascades of suspended open‐air gardens, not part of the F.A.R (floor area ratio). Thus, the planted balconies surface area can exceed the limit of the required 10% Offer to each inhabitant exceptional panoramic views on the skyline of Taipei by multiplying the transversal views, especially towards the very close Taipei 101 tower.

Generate from a flexible standardized level a progressive geometry with corbels which provides intimacy and confidentiality to each apartment by avoiding the indiscreet vision axes.

• Every floor is rotated by 4.5 degrees clockwise as the tower moves up, to a total of 90 degrees. When viewed from different angles, the tower transforms into a myriad of forms. The four main profiles of the twisted building are : pyramid, cross, reverse pyramid and ellipse.

PROCESS

PROCESS

PROCESS

E L E VAT I O N S

D E TA I L S

ENERGY SAVING

SITE PLAN

PROCESS OF WORKING

PLANS

SITE PLAN

STRUCTURE

FULL PLAN

DIAG-RAMS

SECTIONS

SECTIONS

SECTIONS

SECTIONS

SKETCHES

A SMART BUILDING IS A LWAY S S U S TA I N A B L E , but a sustainable building is not always smart.

SOUTHBANK BY BEULAH GREEN TOWER

Year 2018-2020 102 & 59 levels Melbourne, Australia

The project is set to generate 4,700 construction jobs. Upon completion, the tower will also create 3,250 new jobs across multiple industries including office, retail, entertainment, hospitality, and childcare.

"Will assist in the future growth of Melbourne and its vision to become a truly global smart city"

CONCEPT

STRCUTURAL SYSTEM

PROGRAM The rippling building standing out in Melbourne’s skyline will comprise four different private residences, public and green spaces, rooftop sky garden, town hall, commercial offices, a five-star urban resort, childcare center, a health and wellness precinct, arts and culture spaces and programs, and retail.

PODIUM

SITE A N A LY S I S Greenery Extended To the Urban

SITE A N A LY S I S Views Analysis

OPENINGS VIEW

SKY V I S I B I LT Y

FA C A D E BUILDING HEIGHT DIVISION

OUTDOOR S PA C E S

MAIN ZONES

SHADING D E TA I L S

EXTRUDED 3DDIAGRAM

S U S TA I N A B L E AND AUTOMATED

S U S TA I N A B L E USAGE OF SUN

S U S TA I N A B L E VERTICAL GREENERY

S U S TA I N A B L E TERACCES

S U S TA I N A B L E USAGE OF WIND

S U S TA I N A B L E USAGE OF GREENERY

A MINI METROPOLIS FOR THE G A R D E N S TAT E please scan for more details

DUBAI ARCHITECTURE S c h o o l To w e r

2ND PLACE WINNER

Architectural Competition Proposed in Romania

DUBAI ARCHITECTURE S c h o o l To w e r

2ND PLACE WINNER The proposal presents a nice interpretation of periscope idea a simple form by expressing the importance of the need for students to observe as part of the learning and training process. This very idea is then pushed further with each tower being designated for a specific academic year of study giving a “structured guide” to the students in the different academic year of study as they will be clearly able to cross observe each other. It can be seen as a problem in term of lack of inter-connection and exchange, however the project redeems this with the connection at the base and the top within the “Social Zone”.

EXTERIOR PODIUM

platform which is clearly differentiated from the spaces above it by its physical form or by the type of space inside it.

TOWER

Podiums can also be used to define the lower floors of a building without setbacks, when these floors hold common areas in contrast to the private floors above them.

The podium here is used to attract users as pedestrians to enter the tower, as per the idea of the scale hiehrarchy

PODIUM

ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT

Architecture can be defined through the permanent analysis of everything that surrounds them. From the natural, social or cultural context to the built space everything is analyzed and implemented in each project.

This 360 degree-look cannot physically take place in horizontal Educational environment, thats why they wanted to accentuate this widening of perspective through the shape of the architecture school Tower.

The periscope gives you the possibility to extend your look vertically & see farther in the distance. they used the periscope as a symbol for the transition from the horizontal environment to the vertical one, because living in a periscope-tower makes an effortless view across wider distances possible.

ARCHITECTURAL ZONING

ARCHITECTURAL FLOOR PLAN

S U S TA I N A B L E ROOF GARDEN

S U S TA I N A B L E VENTELATION SYSTEM

ARCHITECTURAL SECTION

C I R C U L AT I O N SYSTEM

EXTERIOR SMART FACADE

S I T E A N A LY S I S

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND JORDAN

AL-RAMTHA Different civilizations of Aramaic, Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine and Islamic came to to the city of Al-Ramtha. ​These cultures left some of their archaeological features in the Al-Ramtha region.​​

It consisted of caves, caves with inscriptions and drawings, located in the center of the city, and there was the pool of AlMahsi, from which the pilgrims and Arab tribes passing through the city used to draw.​

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND AL-RAMTH, JORDAN

The Roman Empire utilized Ar Ramtha as a remote hub to cross-link their colonies.

The ruins of buildings and ancient Roman antiquities have been discovered at different parts of Ar-Ramtha.

During the Islamic expansion, Ar Ramtha, which was in the Houran territory, was a port for Muslim scientists crossing between Syria and Al-Hijaz. Historically and sociologically, the city is the twin to Daraa city in Syria, which is located on just the other side of the border.

The Municipality was established in 1927.

The oldest building in Ar-Ramtha is : Al-Omari Mosque.

C U LT U R A L B A C KG R O U N D OF USERS

JUST RESIDENCES

AL-HASSAN IND. EST.

The first type of users are the students and the academic staff working in the campus, they need a VIP residential dorm that would contain all the academic facilities.

All what these users need is a breathing space to study and work in.

The cultural background of the workers in the estate is a bit different from the Jordanian culture, they don't mind overlapping and mixing rooms, and they actually think of a space as a shelter as a priority.

TOURISTS IN IRBID Tourists who visit this area all they care about is: easy accessibility, open spaces, nice views, and friendly environment. their culture may be a bit different but they are here to learn about Jordans' culture.

Local Residents Jordanians are known for being one of the most generous Arabian people. They wholeheartedly offer you their food, homes, help, and company. Along with their trademark hospitality

C U LT U R A L B A C KG R O U N D JORDAN

AL-RAMTHA RESIDENTS Jordanians are known for being one of the most generous Arabian people. They wholeheartedly offer you their food, homes, help, and company. Along with their trademark hospitality The city is famous for the inherited ritualpoetries recited in wedding ceremonies and public affairs. Dabke is an Arab folk dance native to ArRamtha. The most famous artists from Ar-Ramtha are Hussein AlSalman.

PA N O R A M I C V I E W FROM THE MIDDLE OF THE SITE

SOLID VS. VOID

VEHICLES

ACCESSABILITY

PEDISTERIAN

ACCESSABILITY

BICYCLE

ACCESSABILITY

SWOT ANALYSIS

Strengths Weaknesses Opportunities Threats

S W O T A N A LY S I S

STRENGTHS • • • •

Views from all sides High sun days Located near a Landmark Partnership with supporting Industries

WEAKNESSES • • • •

Lack of public facilities Not o the main road very small street In front of a farm

THREATS

OPPORTUNITIES • Renewable resources of Sun and Humidity • Providing the appropriate environment for industrial and commercial investment • Possibility of Agricultural Building

• • • •

Un-reachable areas Hot weather most of the year Doesn't attract a lot of pedestrians No Heihrarchy in the skyline

Wind Direction Sun Light

Natural Features Conclusion

Lack of rain

1

Tower Direction

2

Power Generation

3

Tower Structure

1

Solar Orientation

2

Openings

3

Materials

1

.

Types of plant

Solar Collector

Double Façade A transparent “second skin ”that wraps the building creates large community atria at each of the tower’s nine zones and acts as an insulating blanket to reduce energy use for heating and cooling

Plants that tolerate dehydration and thirst

ARCHITECTURAL PROGRAM

Functions Zones Relations Specifications Dimensions Areas

MAIN ZONES Residential Zone Commercial Zone Offices Zone Administrative Zone Observatory Zone Parking Zone

Ta b l e o f S p a c e s PROGRAM

Ta b l e o f S p a c e s PROGRAM

To t a l A r e a

Residential ZONE AL-Hassan residents Local Residents Tourists Just Residents

AL-Hassan zone Residential

Dining

Washing v Facilities

Bedroom + wc

Kitchen

Bedroom + wc

Living v Room Bedroom + wc

Bedroom + wc

Single room

Single room

Kitchen Offices / Reception

dining

Study area

WC Washing facilities

v Common room

Single room

Double rooms

Double rooms

Washing facilities

WC

Double rooms

Living room

Double rooms

Single room

Double rooms

Residential

Single room

Just zone

Tourists zone Residential Laundry Hotel v room

Lounge

Hotel v room

Hotel v room

Hotel v room

Hotel v room

kitchen

v Laundry

Living

Staff room

Reception

Administration

v

v

Restaurant

WC v

WC v

Hotel v room

Hotel v room

Hotel v room

Hotel v room

vHotel room

Local zone Residential

WC MASTER

WC+ WC

CLOSETS

BED ROOM

CLOSETS

KITCHEN

BED ROOM

GUEST

BED ROOM

WC

BED ROOM

KITCHEN ENTRANCE

Two bed room apartment

3 bed room apartment

BALCONY

BALCONY

LIVING ROOM

ENTRANCE

LIVING ROOM

DINING

COMMERCIAL ZONE Shops Restaurants Galleries Cinemas Mosque

AL-Hassan Industrial Estate • •

•

115 Factory in the Estate 24,000 Expatriates • 16,000 F • 7,500 M ( Bangladesh-India-Sri Lanka-Burma-Madagascar0 ) 5,000 Jordanian • 2,000 F • 3,000 M

Largest Industry (Classic Fashion) = 27,000 workers

AL-Hassan Industrial Estate Categories of factories: • • • • • • •

Food industry Pharmaceutical industries Geometric Plastic chemical Textile and cotton furniture Print and paper industries Leather industries Construction Industries

AL-Hassan Industrial Estate Lets go and move between the streets of AlHassan Industrial Estate:

COMMERCIAL ZONE SHOPS In shopping centers every user must have an area of 2.2 sq. meters Around 1500users will be using the shops which lead to an area of 3,300sq meters for the shops.

• Chocolate Shop • Ice-cream Shop • Coffee Shop • Classic Fashion- shoes - Makeup Shops • 2 International Brands

CityLife Shopping District Tower By Zaha Hadid

COMMERCIAL ZONE GALLERIES

A big art gallery that suits the capabilities of a tower has an area of 4*3 per person Usually this zone is located on a public floor Mostly in the podium area.

The art gallery in Tower 49 was the largest gallery in 2019.

Tower 49 Gallery, New York

COMMERCIAL ZONE CINEMAS

Usually, it requires an average of 2,3 square meters per person including the seating area and the space for aisle-ways.

2.3*1000= 2,300 sq.m Usually this zone is located on a semi-public floor, upper levels of the podium .

Cinema Tower Condos, Canada.

COMMERCIAL ZONE MOSQUE Usually, it requires an average of 2square meters per person.

For a mosque to be big enough for praying the Friday Jama3a prayer it must fit at a minimum of 40 user, and as per the idea that it is in the tower that fits thousands of employees, the mosque must have an area of 1,000 sq. ,meters ( 500 users )

Residential & Commercial Complex and Mosque by SEIDCO

LOBBY

RESTAURANTS

Restaurant

Offices Zone Private offices A whole Company

Private Offices Offices

Office 2 VIP offices Social Space Office 1 Office 3

Office 4

Management

Company Offices

Open area Services Open offices Services Management

A N O B S E R VAT I O N D E C K , OBSERVATION PLATFORM, OR VIEWING PLATFORM

is an elevated sightseeing platform usually situated upon a tall architectural structure, such as a tower.

Observation decks are sometimes enclosed from weather, and a few may include coinoperated telescopes for viewing distant features.

O B S E R VAT I O N D E C K PRECEDENCE

The observatory zone here was divided into alternative of spaces, such as: Restaurants Terraces Galleries/ Centers / Museum & a tripled volume for the perfect view

O B S E R VAT I O N D E C K PRECEDENCE

Ping'an Finance Centre , China In this case, it can be concluded that the observation deck ( highest point of the tower ) must have the longest/fastest elevator.

It can also be concluded that the sky lobby is like the observation deck but with extra social functions and at a lower height

O B S E R VAT I O N D E C K SKY LOBBY

Express elevators to Sky Lobbies Sky Lobbies generate high traffic densities and express elevators should have large cars or Double Deck- or Multi Deck cars to satisfy demand. The transport capacity of express elevators must match the maximum traffic densities of the building zones that are served from the Sky Lobby PLUS the maximum traffic density generated by the Sky Lobby itself.

O B S E R VAT O R Y Z O N E AREA + LOCATION

SKY Lobbies are located at the social floors and high density of elevators Observatory Floor is a 360 degree view floor, usually its an open plan.

It is the final part of the tower.

Observatory Zone

Observatory Administration

Sky Lobby Technical Floor

Residential

3D ZONONG According to the program

Public Parking Commercial Private Offices Residential Administration Semi-Private Observatory

Offices Commercial

Parking

Parking Commercial Offices Residential Administration Observatory

To w e r D e s i g n Concept, Diagrams, & Drawings.

O N E 0 0 C U LT U R E S TOWER • • • • •

Located in Irbid, Jordan.

65 Total Functional Floors Total Area: 66,500 sq.m Total Height: 247 meters Year: 2021

TA B L E O F C O N E T E N T Concept & Final Product

Concept Philosophy, Theme, and experience.

Design Process of Development & Sketches

I. II.

Integrated Systems Analytical Diagrams

III.

Urban Fabric & Design

IV.

Site Plan & Design Detailed Architectural System Shots of the Project

V. VI. X

I

CONCEPT PHILOSOPHY & THEME

O N E 0 0 C U LT U R E S Unity EVEN IF THE USERS HAVE 100S OF BACKGROUNDS AND CULTURES, IN THE TOWER THEY ARE ALL ONE.

AL-HASSAN IND. EST. LOCAL RESIDENTS

JUST RESIDENCES

TOURISTS

C U LT U R A L B A C KG R O U N D OF USERS OF THE TOWER

JUST RESIDENCES

AL-HASSAN IND. EST.

The first type of users are the students and the academic staff working in the campus, they need a VIP residential dorm that would contain all the academic facilities.

All what these users need is a breathing space to study and work in.

The cultural background of the workers in the estate is a bit different from the Jordanian culture, they don't mind overlapping and mixing rooms, and they actually think of a space as a shelter as a priority.

TOURISTS IN IRBID Tourists who visit this area all they care about is: easy accessibility, open spaces, nice views, and friendly environment. their culture may be a bit different but they are here to learn about Jordans' culture.

LOCAL RESIDENTS Jordanians are known for being one of the most generous Arabian people. They wholeheartedly offer you their food, homes, help, and company. Along with their trademark hospitality

CONCEPT PHILOSOPHY ONE 00 Cultures

Different Cultures, different way of thinking, yet all of the users will be connected and integrated together all as one.

JUST RESIDENCES

AL-HASSAN IND. EST.

TOURISTS IN IRBID

LOCAL RESIDENTS

ONE INTEGRATION OF NATURE

POINT

DIFFERENT CULTURES

Grouping

O N E 0 0 C U LT U R E S

ONE PATH

ONE IMAGE FOR ALL

II

DESIGN PROCESS Sketches & Development

CONNECTIVITY

SHIFTING

A LT E R N AT I O N

OF DIFFERENT CULTURES

Creating Different Angles

of Views

Revolving around the tower.

Viewed & Experienced Differently

Different Angles, Shapes, & Views.

PERSPECTIVE & SECTION VIEW

Main Beam

• Demonstration of the Main Members/Beams • Architectural meaning for the structure (social floor).

• Sustainable meaning of structure (ventilation+ vegetation) • Architectural & sustainable VOID under the Tower

SYSTEMS Analysis & Generation

Vertical Elements

MECHANICAL SUSTAINABLE STRUCTURAL

PROCESS of Development of TOWER Front View

PROCESS of Development of TOWER Top View

PROCESS of Development Perspective Full of TOWER

PROCESS of Development of PODIUM Front View

PROCESS of Development of PODIUM Top View

PROCESS of Development Perspective Full of PODIUM

Observatory Administration

Sky Lobby Technical Floor

Residential

3D ZONONG According to the program

Public Parking Commercial Private Offices Residential Administration Semi-Private Observatory

Offices Commercial

Parking

Parking Commercial Offices Residential Administration Observatory

DEVELOPED Base Model of Shell and Layers Elevations + Main Shot

Site Design Development Top View

III

I N T E G R AT E D S Y S T E M S DIAGRAMS

STRUCTURAL System

Main V. Members for Shell

Main Beams for Tower

Main Structure for Podium Exo-Skeleton Horizontal Girder Bridge

STRUCTURAL System

Exo-Skeleton Horizontal Girder Bridge Distribution of Loads

STRUCTURAL + Architectural System

Shell Members

Tower Members Exo-Skeleton Horizontal Girder Bridge Parking Commercial Offices Residential Administration Observatory

Podium Members

Observatory Administration

Technical Floor

Sky Lobby

Residential Offices

Commercial

Parking

A r c h i t e c t u r a l Zoning Effected by the Structural System

Public Parking Commercial Offices Private Offices Residential Administration Semi-Private Observatory

Parking Commercial Offices Residential Administration Observatory

STRUCTURAL SHELL + Architectural System Every Group of Panels will be divided into PV cells & Vegetation

Locals Social Floor

JUSTs Social Floor

Shell XYZ Members

Al-Hassans Social Floor

Exo-Skeleton

Tower Horizontal Girders

Horizontal Girder Bridge Parking Commercial Offices Residential Administration Observatory

Podium XYZ Members

MECHANICAL System

Administration Hotel Al-Hassan Residence Locals JUST Residence Offices Express Elevator *2

MECHANICAL System

Mechanical Duct Mechanical Floor

S U S TA I N A B L E System

ENVIRONMENTAL • Photo-voltaic Solar Panels • • • •

Passive Ventilation Biofiltration Amenity Garden (CO2 + O2) Greenery Panels

SOCIAL ASPECT • OUTDOOR SOCIAL SPACE • Indoor Social Floors • Indoor Social Activities

ECONOMIC VIABILITY • ZERO ENERGY TOWER • Usage of Local Materials • Less Site Work

S U S TA I N A B L E System

PASSIVE VENTILATION • Stack Ventilation • Cross-Ventilation

S U S TA I N A B L E System

BIOFILTRATION • Treatment of Air • Reduce Indoor Air pollution • Reduce Odors • Positive Visual Aesthetics

IV

U R B A N FA B R I C & DESIGN

APPROACHES EARTH IS FOR ALL

V

SITE PLAN & DESIGN

SITE DESIGN Experiential Collage Earth is for all.

What is Hiding?

Augmented Experience

ONE

Going back to the Earths Basic features Hundreds of Paths Learning New cultures

Earth is for all.

Vegetation

Tower

Water Feature (Lake)

Development

Mechanical Core

Outdoor Coffee-shop Kids Playing Area

Public Boulevard

Shell

Semi-Private Sitting Area

Podium

BUBBLE DIAGRAM Enclosed between the two main shells

Vip Parking Podium and Tower Shell Outdoor Coffee-shop Area Drop off Area

Pedestrian Entrance Social Gathering Interactive Outdoor Public AR Activity Area

SITE ZONING OPPOSIT DIRECTIONS + APPROACHES

Connecting all Cultures to the Center of the Tower Social Gathering space Kids playing area Outdoor Coffee Shops Amphitheater Outdoor Public AR

Public Gathering Area/ Sitting Area VIP Outdoor Parking Pedestrian Pathway/ Entrances Vehicle Pathways/ Entrances/Exits

Social Gathering space Kids playing area Outdoor Coffee Shops Amphitheater Outdoor Public AR Public Gathering Area Podium VIP Outdoor Parking Drop off Area

SITE PLAN Design

Greenery

S I T E A N A LY S I S Features

Water Features

Gathering Area

Pedestrian Path

Streets

VI

ARCHITECTURAL TOWER FLOOR PLANS

Architectural Plans location

SOCIAL 4 Floors 1, 7, 21, 35,

OFFICES 4 Floors 2-6

DORMS 26 Floors 8-34

LOCAL RESIDENCE 6 Floors

HOTEL 6 Floors

O B S E R VAT O R Y 3 Floors 57-60

Parking Under-Ground Parking

VII

ARCHITECTURAL PODIUM FLOOR PLANS

GROUND FLOOR Podium 1

FIRST FLOOR Podium 2

VIII

ARCHITECTURAL SECTION

ARCHITECTURAL Section

IX

PRESPECTIVE SHOTS EXTERIOR & INTERIOR

O n e 0 0 C u l t u r e s To w e r Main Exterior Shot

O n e 0 0 To p Looking at sky view

E n c l o s u r e o f t h e To w e r By the Shell

E n c l o s u r e o f t h e To w e r By the Shell

Continuity of the PODIUM

Shell hugging the TOWER

Shell and Structure CREATING A TOTALLY NEW ENCLOSURE

E n c l o s u r e o f t h e To w e r By the Shell

L a n d s c a p e U n d e r t h e H a n g e d To w e r Earth is for ALL.

L a n d s c a p e U n d e r t h e H a n g e d To w e r Open Public Areas

Public Boulevard Between the Shells Multi-Approach

Social Floor Extended with the Bridge Semi-outdoor

Main Lobby and Waiting Area Interior Shots

Residential Zone Interior Shots

Living Area Residents

Bedroom Hotel

360 Restaurant with Double Volume Interior Shots

O n e 0 0 C u l t u r e s To w e r Night Main Exterior Shot

Continuity with the Podium Night Exterior Shot

Continuity with the Podium Night Exterior Shot

Enclosure of tower by the Shell Night Exterior Shot

Scan me!

WALKTHROUGH VIDEO ONE 00 Cultures Tower

Scan me!

INTRODUCTORY VIDEO ONE 00 Cultures Tower

Scan me!

S Y S T E M A N A LY S I S Thesis Book

Final Poster ONE 00 Tower

XI

BACKGROUND References & Used Software

Used Software • AutoCAD 2020 • Sketchup 2020 • 3Ds Max 2019 • Lumion 10 • Photoshop • Microsoft Excel • Microsoft PowerPoint

Modeling, Developing, Rendering, Presenting, & Detailing.

REFRENCES • https://www.academia.edu/35116465/STRUCTURAL_SYSTEMS_FOR_HIGH_RISE_BUILDINGS_STRUCTRUAL_SYSTEMS_DESC RIPTION_SCHEMTATIC_DIAGRAM_STRUCTURAL_FUNCTION_ADVANTAGES_AND_DISADVANTAGES_BUILDING_SA MPLE • https://www.academia.edu/30822060/Comparison_study_for_various_structural_slab_systems • https://theconstructor.org/structural-engg/high-rise-buildings-structural-systems/23076/ • https://www.researchgate.net/profile/DuskoKuzovic/publication/317716360_PP_ARC_221_Structural_Systems_Mobile_Vernacular_Architecture_2of15_Lecture/links/594a043d0f7e9 b0d85231990/PP-ARC-221-Structural-Systems-Mobile-Vernacular-Architecture-2of15-Lecture.pdf • https://study.com/academy/lesson/history-of-architectural-materials-techniques.html • https://www.aber.ac.uk/en/media/departmental/ibers/pdf/innovations/00/00ch6.pdf

• Francis D.K. Ching- Arquitectura • Department of Statistics • Ministry of Labour • Officials in Al-Industrial Estate

All copyrights are preserved for the Designers.

Prepared by: Hanan Salameh Maha Aljawabreh Nireen Abu-Huwaij Supervised by: Arch. Amal Malkawi

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