The Future University

THE FUTURE UNIVERSITY THE STUDENT CENTER | THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER

NIKI BLINOV | STUDIO WHITE | JANUARY TO JUNE 2020 | CAL POLY SLO

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank those who have been listed below for their contribution to my success throughout the last two quarters. Without them, none of this would have been possible and my work would not have reached the level that it did. A special thank you goes out to my project partner Claire Hohimer and my studio professor Stacey White who went above and beyond her responsibilities as a professor. She pushed us to persevere during tough moments, and was a constant source of encouragement and support.

FIRM PARTNERS

CAL POLY

LPA Architects

Franco Brown

Silke Franke Casey BNIM Architects

Danielle Buttacavoli

Rohn Grotenhuis Taylor Architects ZGF Architects Lake Flato Architects

Stacey White Claire Hohimer Mark Cabrinha Mario Esola Amir Hossler Thomas Fowler Tom DeSanto Sandy Stannard Margaret Pedone

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1_INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2_COMMUNITY OVERVIEW

CHULA VISTA COMMUNITY

STOCKTON COMMUNITY

CHAPTER 3_HIGHER EDUCATION CHAPTER 4_VISION AND GOALS CHAPTER 5_CAMPUS MASTER PLAN

CSU CHULA VISTA MASTER PLAN

CSU STOCKTON MASTER PLAN

CHAPTER 6_THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

STUDENT CENTER

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER

CHAPTER 7_IN REFLECTION

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CHAPTER 1_INTRODUCTION

THE FUTURE UNIVERSITY The future of education is the future of our civilization. It is the future of our beliefs and our ideals, and it is what shapes the success of our nation. Education is the key to creating change and it is what helps us expand beyond our personal beliefs to those of others. Education, or lack thereof, is the single-largest contributer to misinformation, ignorance, and apathy, and it cannot be skipped over if you desire a healthy society.

Though we know that education is critical, it is not easily accessible for many. The town you grow up in is one of the main deciding factors for your level of education, and many are stuck in an educational black hole. How can we succeed as one nation and as one society, when we are so divided and so unequal with our opportunities for acquiring knowledge?

The Future University project is a glimse at the impact of higher education on those who need it most.

The goal is to give people a chance to learn, grow, and evolve into contributing members of society who come together to form a high-functioning and intelligent nation. People growing up in education deserts have so much potential to succeed, but cannot show the potential until we provide an outlet.

By providing such an outlet, we can immediately make a huge impact on society- not just by educating people, but by creating jobs, boosting the economy, increasing awareness of others, and encouraging the concept of community and togetherness.

We must prepare for the future by educating people on future needs and future opportunities. The world is constantly changing and innovating, and the types of opportunities available today may not be available in twenty years. There will be new jobs and new innovations, and we must get ahead and begin to prepare students for those needs.

At the beginning of January, I began my exploration of higher education in Chula Vista, California, and then transitioned into Stockton, California for the remainder of the year. The contents of this book will be mostly centered around Stockton and the final project with references, comparisons, and process work from Chula Vista as well.

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SOCIAL MEDIA

• Technology on campus has proven to increase psychological well being and sense of community.

• Colleges are increasingly using social media as a way to communicate with the student body and interact with them through the means they use to interact with each other.

• Colleges have started to use Facebook, •Campus culture is a big part of socialising and Instagram and Twitter to interact with students. The students themselves use these finding your place and community in college. platforms to interact amongst themselves • Participating in communal events such as week informally. of welcome and big school sports events, joining a • On the other hand, students who chose to seek club, can have great impacts on a students sense have higher scores of depression, shyness of belonging of being on the campus. and anxiety and lower levels of self • Studies show that students who live in dorms and confidence.

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COMMUNITY

ENGAGAMENT

•Connecting workspace to the outdoors blurs workspace and nature, which is a refreshing aspect that keeps stuent energized • Communal storage spaces allow for increased acces to resources, and when coupled with common display surfaces to pin up work, provide areas for students to view and think about others’ pieces •Trasperency betwen learning areas increases understanding betwen grades and classes and connects formal andinformal learning

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DIVERSITY ON CAMPUS • Colleges are becoming increasingly more diverse, with an influx of students from different cultures, • Students of color tend to struggle more in finding a sense of community on campus, There is a need to engage campus communities in order to create a healthier work environment for everyone.

• Cultural clubs and associations help increase the sense of community for students of color. They get to interact with other students from similar backgrounds and home lives.

• Having students from different ethnic groups increase collection of thoughts and opinions held by the students.

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BUILDING MATERIALS

•Locally sourced materials for cheaper costs and stimulating local economy •Longer-lasting relationships with local partners and creation of trust •Reducing contribution to slave labor and unfair treatment of workers •Considering embodied carbon in materials •Reduction of fuel costs for transportation •Encouraging biodiversity through localization •Reuse and incorporation of salvaged materials •Considering future uses of building to plan ahead •Type of material choice •Choosing long-lasting and reusable materials •Balancing between high performance materials and environmental impact •Low mass vs. high mass

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a primary form of transportation •Utilize high speed public transport in highly populated areas •Create many streets that are •Adding trees along paths and areas of transportation also encourages walking and short and narrow comfort •Study flow of traffic to •Consider raised or lowered paths

CONVENIENCE

•Taking advantage of solar energy with building orientation and solar panels •Renewable energy source for building WATER USE •Cost-effective solution •Locating local sources of water and nearby •Good daylighting inside of building water plants •Larger openings on north •Including rainwater and fog collectors in •Shading devices on facades locations with high precipitation •Such water can be used without •Natural ventilation through operable filtration for irrigation purposes windows Systems for reusing greywater within the •Internal heat gain to reduce mechanical •building and separating from sewer water system use •Sustainable Equipment

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CHAPTER 2_COMMUNITY OVERVIEW

C H U L A V I S TA ASSE T M AP

NIKI BLINOV | R INA F UJITA | GA B R I E L L E W E R S T | E L I Z A B E T H R E E D 2 OR MORE RAC ES 2. 8% BL AC K / AF R I C AN AMERI C AN 3%

Unemployment: 6.1% Populat ion: 271,653 Med i an Age: 34.6 Poverty Rate: 1 2.3% Av erage Incom e : $86,082

H AWAI I AN/PAC IF IC IS LANDER 0. 27% AME R I C AN INDIAN/ALAS KAN 0. 07%

WHIITTEE WH 16.3% 3% 16.

Domi nant Serv ic e s : -Offi ce and Adm in is t r at iv e S u p po r t -Sales and Rela t e d -Management

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16.3% 3%

H I S PAN I C / L AT I N O H I S PAN I C / L AT I N O 61. 3% 61. 3%

De m o g r a p h i cs

ABOUT CHULA VISTA Located outside of San Diego and a few miles from the Southern border, Chula Vista is a suburban town with a predominantly Hispanic/Latino population.

The town has a warm climate with little variation throughout the year which makes it an appealing place to live, and the dominant occupations in the area are office jobs and sales positions.

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Chula Vista has comfortable temperatures and low humidity.

History

3000 B.C.: Yuman-speaking Kumeyaay tribe arrived who roamed here for hundreds of years.

1542: Juan Rodriquez Cabrillo sailed here. In 1795, Chula Vista became a part of a Spanish land grant, Rancho Del Ray 1888 Sweetwater Dam: Chula Vista largest lemon-growing center in the world for a period of time. (1913-1916: drought, flooding, dam damage = bad for crops) 1910s: kelp processing plant used in the production of explosives.

1940s: Rohr Aircraft Corporation to Chula Vista in early 1941, just months before the attack on Pearl Harbor.

City would never be lemon groves again.

1985: Chula Vista made the largest annexation in California history. The quick expansion east of Interstate 805 was not embraced by all of the cities residents, leading to advocacy that new housing developments be built with parks, schools, and emergency services 2013: Forbes called Chula Vista the second fastest growing city in the nation Being in close proximity to Tijuana, however, has led to some drug war activity within Chula Vista.

Air Quality

SITE

Chula Vista has healthy air quality, but not as healthy as the rest of the United States. San Diego, a city nearby, has the sixth worst air quality in the nation.

Precipitation

Chula Vista has very low rainfall, especially in the summer months.

C HU LA VI STA SI T E A SSESSMENT N I KI B L I N O V | R I N A F U J I TA | G A B R I E L L E W E R S T | E L I Z A B E TH REED

Key Oak Woodland (ok & coniferous trees) Grassland (grasses, flowers, herbs) Developed Chaparral (shrubs, bushes, small trees)

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ABOUT STOCKTON Located in San Joaquin County of the Central Valley of California, Stockton sits on primarily flat farmland and is surrounded by waterways that make up the California Delta. Its primary industry used to be farming but has since evolved to include transportation and manufacturing. In 2012, Stockton became the largest U.S. city to file for bankruptcy protection following the 2008 financial crisis. The bankruptcy case lasted around two years until an exit plan was approved and implemented. Since then, Stockton has improved significantly fiscally and has made long-term planning its main strategy for economic prosperity.

Despite improving fiscally, Stockton still remains poverty-stricken throughout and many of its residents are below the poverty line. Hispanics/Latinos are disproportionally affected by poverty in the area even though they are the dominant ethnicity. One of the most significant problems that Stockton faces is the lack of educational opportunities for its residents. This, in turn, leads to a repeating cycle of poverty that plagues the area.

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QUICK FACTS SECONDARY EDUCATION • 44,500 students in surrounding area • 74.5% of students rely on free and reduced-price meals • 35.4% of high school graduates meet UC/CSU course requirements • Dropout Rate: 9.7% • Chronic Absenteeism Rate: 20% • High School Graduation Rate: 76.4%

HIGHER EDUCATION • 10,821 male students and 15,622 female students • Most popular college is San Joaquin Delta College

• 18,572 students enrolled, 41% full-time

• 71% are students of color

• 27% of students complete college (2% below state average)

• Transfer Rate: 7%

• 63% of students live in the Stockton area (6% do not)

• Course Success Rate: 69%

• Around 100 students transfer into UCs every year, and around 800 transfer to CSUs

CRIME • Stockton’s crime rate is 100% over the national average.

• The most common type of crime is property theft.

• The crime rate is decreasing 1% a year on average.

• There is a 1 in 20 chance of becoming a victim of any crime at any given moment.

• There are 1.7 law enforcement personnel per 1,000 people compared to a national average of 3.3.

• The most common violent crime in the area is aggravated assault.

TRANSPORTATION • Driving is the main mode of transportation accounting for 99% of commutes.

• Interstate 5 and Highway 99 border the city and serve as the main routes to other parts of the state.

• The Port of Stockton is the third largest landholder port in California with space for 15 vessels.

• The San Joaquin Regional Transit District provides the bus services in the area.

DEMOGRAPHICS [6] POPULATION

311,189

POVERTY RATE

22.4%

MEDIAN AGE

32.8

# OF EMPLOYEES

128,717

MEDIAN PROPERTY VALUE

MEDIAN HOUSEHOLD INCOME

$299,800

$54,297

The Stockton community consists of a large Hispanic/Latino population and almost 26% of the community is foreign born.

Despite being the dominant ethnicity, Hispanics/Latinos experience the highest rates of poverty and earn significantly less than their White and Asian coworkers. The town also experiences a large wage gap between genders with males making $16,000 more a year on average than females. Much of the inequality that we discuss occuring around the country can be seen affecting Stockton at significantly higher rates due to a cycle of poverty and lack of opportunities.

FOREIGN BORN POPULATION (2017)

RACE AND ETHNICITY (2018)

HOUSEHOLD INCOME (STOCKTON V. USA) (2018)

WAGES BY GENDER IN COMMON JOBS (2018)

POVERTY BY RACE AND ETHNICITY

WAGES BY RACE AND ETHNICITY IN COMMON JOBS (2018)

HISTORICAL SITES

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STOCKTON STATE HOSPITAL The State Hospital was California’s first dedicated asylum, and was located on the site that is currently being proposed for The Future University. Part of the hospital has been restored and is currently used as a satellite campus for CSU Stanislaus. The same building will be repurposed to be part of the Future University and preserve the history of the area.

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THE MAGNOLIA HOUSE Another historic building located on the site, the Magnolia House, was the home of the hospital’s superintendents and remains a standing icon in the area. The house went through a partial restoration in 2004. Similarly to the Hospital, this building will remain on campus as a piece of history.

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STOCKTON SAVINGS & LOAN

FOX CALIFORNIA THEATER

THE BENJAMIN HOLT HOUSE

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EL DORADO ELEMENTARY SCHOOL

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MOSESS ROGERS HOUSE

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THE NIPPON HOSPITAL

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THE HOTEL STOCKTON [16]

WEBER PRIMARY SCHOOL

ECONOMIC STRATEGY [17] “GIVEN THE FACT THAT WE ARE ONE OF THE LEAST EDUCATED COMMUNITIES IN THE UNITED STATES, ONLY 17% OF ADULTS OVER THE AGE OF 25 HAVE A BACHELOR’S DEGREE OR HIGHER, I THINK THIS IS AN EQUITY ISSUE. WE NEED AN INVESTMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION.” -LANGE LUNTAO, BOARD PRESIDENT OF THE STOCKTON UNIFIED SCHOOL DISTRICT BOARD OF TRUSTEES BUDGETING STRATEGY The City of Stockton, after facing massive bankruptcy, switched its focus to longterm planning with short-term sacrifices. They recognized the uncertainty of the economy and the possibility of economic downturns, and have reflected that in recent budgets that have been put out.

STOCKTON CITY REVENUE • Revenue: $630.9 million (4.2% increase from prior year)

• $5.8 million in increased tax revenues

• $5.6 million in increased street and capital project funding

• $4.9 million in increased utility fees

•$3.9 million from development and fire permits, fees, and inspections FISCAL HEALTH OF STOCKTON

Despite the high levels of poverty that plague the city, Stockton managed to rebound successfully from its earlier bankruptcy. Stockton is one of the few cities around the United States generating more money than it is using in its budget.

This means that they have more money to spend on its Strategic Target areas which include Public Safety, Fiscal Sustainability, Economic Development, and Infrastructure.

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CLIMATE DATA

WIND ROSE DIAGRAM

SUN PATH DIAGRAM

PSYCHROMETRIC CHART

Stockton experiences a generally mild climate throughout the year with few days above comfort level. The summer season tends to be dominated by prolonged droughts while the majority of the winter is overcast. The climate has been significantly impacted by climate change resulting in longer dry seasons, hotter temperatures, and increased algae in the nearby delta.

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CHAPTER 3_HIGHER EDUCATION

HIGHER EDUCATION IN CALIFORNIA California has two main school systems for higher education- the UC system and the CSU system. The UC school system tends to include more selective schools with lower acceptance rates and less aid for those in need. The California State University system, however, is much more supportive of low-income and first generation students, and has a general agenda of providing an education for all California residents who may need it. While there are already twenty-three existing campuses in the system, a twentyfourth campus is being considered to increase the amount of students that the system can serve. The five locations being considered for this large-scale project are Chula Vista, Concord, San Mateo, Palm Desert, and Stockton. All five locations have different aspects that make them be potentially good locations for a new campus, but Stockton is seemingly the best option for a multitude of reasons.

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GOALS OF FUTURE CAMPUSES • community interaction • public transportation integration • sufficient green spaces • considerations of local history • cross-disciplinary integration • planning for expansion • building for future uses • hearing students’ needs directly

HIGHER EDUCATION IN CHULA VISTA Due to the large amount of immigrants living in the community of Chula Vista, many students attending univerisities in the area are first-generation students. This means that higher education is something they and their families have never experienced, and may be afraid of. The nearest university to Chula Vista is University of California in San Diego which is around a 30 minute drive away. Along with being a far commute, UCSD is also very selective and can be hard to get into for those without a perfect high school record. The community could significantly benefit from a more inclusive university that doesn’t require a significant commute.

HIGHER EDUCATION IN STOCKTON The city of Stockton is the likely location that will be chosen for a future California State University campus. There are a multitude of reasons as to why, but for the most part it is due to the lack of access to higher education in the area and the need for economic stimulation and growth. Since many residents of the community are stuck in a repeating cycle of poverty, opportunities that allow for personal advancement need to be introduced in the area. Placing a university in the town creates endless economic opportunities such as an increase in available jobs and a more highly educated population. New opportunities for collaboration with local businesses are also generated, and provide for a steady stream of new jobs and college-educated individuals in the area.

WHY THEY NEED IT MOST

In 2018, only 230 students took the SAT.

Many schools in the district didn’t offer the A-G courses required for college.

1,000 students in the district report as homeless.

Lack of education is impacting minority groups the most.

WHY THEY ARE READY FOR IT NOW The mayor of Stockton, Michael Tubbs, with the help of the Gates Foundation and others, was able to restructure the Stockton Unified School District from the ground up. They recognize the importance of a solid foundation for higher education, and know that without a good secondary education, the 40,000 students in the district will not be able to progress. Now that the system has been changed for the better, it must be implemented for a minimum of five years to be successful and lead to improvements across the board. They will then need a higher education campus that can continue supporting the students of Stockton so that they are able to go on and receive degrees and begin giving back to the community and economy.

Expulsions are no longer allowed to encourage improved student behavior.

Acquiring teacher credentials is now paid for by the district.

Last year, every senior in the school district took the SAT.

The required A-G courses are now offered in all district schools.

The College Promise Program now offers two free years of community college for residents.

The district now offers all students free rides to school to encourage attendance.

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CHAPTER 4_VISION AND GOALS

OUR VISION We are aiming to design a university that goes above and beyond today’s standards. Times are changing, and we must change with them. The new California State University campus will be designed for the future, and for future needs that many current campuses are unprepared for. This will be reflected through a variety of elements ranging from sustainable design to a complete restructuring of transportation systems. The on-campus environment will support personal growth and human comfort and buildings will allow for a variety of uses that will evolve over time.

HOW MIGHT WE? • allow for easy connection between the campus and local community and create effective circulation through campus with emphasis on walking and biking?

• foster connections across cultural, geographic, and academic boundaries- both on and off of campus?

• promote a student experience that stimulates social, personal, and academic growth?

• create environmentally restorative buildings that adapt to current and future student needs?

• organize the campus with consideration for social spaces, site conditions, and thoughtful building integration?

CHAPTER 5_CAMPUS MASTER PLAN

DENSITY AND ORGANIZATION When looking at campus plans, significant consideration of density and organization is required.

Providing enough space between buildings is crucial to allow for comfortable passage and prevent overshading nearby buildings. Due to the suburban setting of the Stockton campus, it allows for more distance between different buildings, and increased room for outdoor green spaces. Along with that, adjacencies between buildings must be considered and the relationship between similar space types should be reflected in the overall organization. A central core must be present to create a sense of community and be used as an anchor for the entire site.

SPACE AND PATHS Paths should be carefully considered when planning the connections between buildings. There should be variation in path sizes depending on where they are located and what purpose they serve. If they are located near the core or serve as main circulation, then that must be reflected in their width to allow for more traffic. Paths must also be provided between buildings, though they do not need to be as large or prominent as the main ones. In some spaces, it may be appropriate to leave the area untouched and let the circulation create itself overtime through repeated use and human trends. A route can then be put in based on existing walking patterns for easiest access.

Public // Residential // 47,571 FTE // Research Focus

Public // Residential // 44,947 FTE // Research Focus

Seattle, Washington

Los Angelas, California

Stanford, California Private // Residential // 16,189 FTE // Research Focus

Stanford University Stanford holds acres of inviting gardens, flowerbeds, and tree lined paths. The buildings

University of California, Los Angelas

Public // Residential // 21,985 FTE

University of Colorado, Boulder

The university is perched at the top of a hill, overlooking the San Diego area. The campus is compact, making it easily traversed, with paths weaving through Spanish Renaissance buildings with distinctive red tiled roofs.

Hanover, New Hampshire

The campus is the creation of Thomas Jefferson, and was a precursor to modern education as it sought to create a place for students and faculty to live and learn from each other. The neoclassical buildings give the campus a sense of gravitas, only aided by the sprawling lawns and gardens.

Private // Residential // 6,511 FTE

Public // Residential // 19,704 FTE

Sarah Gustafson, Niki Blinov, Gabrielle Werst, Daniella Dutcher

University of Virginia

Nestled in the Rocky Mountain, Boulder holds impressive Tuscan Vernacular Revival architecture.

This style utilizes local sandstone and limestone, as well as red tile roofs. The ruggedly beautiful campus is walkable and very much ties into the natural surroundings.

Portland, Oregon

Boston, Massachusetts Private // Residential // 26,621 FTE A sanctuary of lush green open spaces and tree-lined pathways distinguishes the campus from the surrounding city. In this way, the campus is a sanctuary from its bustling surroundings.

UW has easy access to downtown Seattle, while managing to infuse its urban context with nature through stunning cherry blossom lined pathways. The towering gothic buildings impose a sense of longevity and awe.

Charlottesville, Virginia

Boulder, Colorado Public // Residential // 33,246 FTE // Research Focus

San Diego, California Private // Residential // 8,251 FTE

University of San Diego

Northeastern University

University of Washington

UCLA dedicates a third of its campus to plazas, gardens, and greenspace. The campus is unified through the use of the distinctive Romanesque Revival architecture.

themselves are impressive and distinctive through Romanesque style architecture, with prominent arches, red tile roofs, and sandstone walls.

Portland State University

As an urban site in an ideal location, Portland State has easy access to the surrounding city. The campus blends into the city, and is very walkable due to the smaller nature of the campus. The park blocks are an oasis in the heart of Portland.

Dartmouth University The university utilizes a Georgian architectural style, adding to the sense of permanence and grandeur of the campus. The center of campus hold a large expanse of green, with trees and verdant spaces tucked in throughout.

Scale: 1” = 500’

CHULA VISTA PROCESS WORK

STOCKTON PROCESS WORK

CSU CHULA VISTA MASTER PLAN CIRCULATION PLANNING Since we are focused on preparing for future modes of transport, we limited vehicular traffic to a singular road that wraps around the campus. The interior paths are intended for pedestrian and bicycle traffic with exceptions for service vehicles. Due to the significant topography on the site, paths were placed along ridges to reduce discomfort when walking and buildings were then arranged around the main circulation.

ADJACENCIES

Buildings on the site were organized by use type and relationship to the rest of the community.

Buildings such as the Transit Center, Recreation Center, and stadium were placed along the main road to campus so that they can be shared with the community as well. The housing sits on the edges of the site to provide some separation from the campus core and to emphasize views of the surrounding hills. The student center sits in the core of campus for accessibility from all ends.

CSU STOCKTON CAMPUS SITE

CSU STOCKTON MASTER PLAN CIRCULATION PLANNING Since we are designing for the future, we chose to focus on a reduction of vehicular traffic and emphasize pedestrian and bike circulation instead. We achieved this through the use of roundabouts and parking on the perimeter. Larger circulation paths allow for service vehicle use when needed but prevent regular vehicles from entering core spaces. Secondary circulation paths are placed around buildings to ensure efficient access and circulation throughout the entire site. Multiple central axes are used and meet at a central location to provide an anchor for the campus.

ADJACENCIES

When examining adjacencies between buildings, we considered many factors. We recognized the buildings that may be shared with the Stockton community and ensured that those were placed on the south perimeter near downtown Stockton for easy access. Those buildings include the Performing Arts Center, the Transit Center, and the Recreation Center. Then, housing was placed on all ends of campus for different levels of privacy and interaction with both the town and the campus. Some housing was placed right near academic buildings for easy access to classes and other housing was placed in isolation for those who may require more quiet or privacy. An innovation district was created which features the Artificial Intelligence Center, the Climate Research building, and the Data Science building. Those three buildings require collaboration on a variety of innovative topics and would work best in close proximity.

GREEN SPACES

Since the site itself features a lot of open space, we worked to maintain that in our master plan design.

A soccer field, tennis courts, and a football field were included so that extracurricular activities could occur and access to outdoor recreation close to student living was available. A variety of green spaces were created through the strategic arrangement of academic buildings with different levels of privacy so that everyone’s comfort levels were met. Tree cover was emphasized around main circulation paths and throughout green spaces to provide shade during hotter months.

CHAPTER 6_THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT

CSU CHULA VISTA STUDENT CENTER CHULA VISTA, CALIFORNIA

WHY THIS BUILDING As a Student Center, the main goal of this building is to bring people together.

That, along with evironmental factors, is what led to the final form and design.

The center would serve students who are likely the first generation to go to college, and so it works to provide transparency and connection through atrium spaces.

It also features more private spaces on upper levels with privacy increasing with height to provide varying levels of interaction for varying levels of comfort.

OFFICE CONFERENCE

RESOURCES REST/RELAX

PROGRAM There are a variety of spaces within the Student Center due to the broad use that the building has. The more public spaces such as an assembly hall and club hub are placed on the bottom floors with privacy increasing as you progress up. At the upper stories you begin to see spaces such as offices and relaxation rooms. Along with that, student support spaces are on top because of their sensitive nature.

ASSEMBLY

STUDY DINING

PANTRY CLUB HUB

SITE By placing the student center at the core of the campus, use of the space is encouraged and made simple for all students and other visitors.

The design “hugs� the campus with entrances at main circulatory paths on all ends. The front entrance sits behind a large open green space that invites people to interact with it and trees are placed to provide shade during hotter months.

DN

DN

CIRCULATION The Student Center was designed to provide ease when navigating the various spaces inside. Two main atriums on opposite sides create ends for circulation and connect all stories to each other.

Stairs are placed directly at entrances to encourage stair use over elevator use and collectively make reaching all spaces simple and quick.

LEVEL 4 1”= 32’-0”

DN

UP

DN

UP

DN

LEVEL 3 1”= 32’-0”

UP

DN

UP

DN

LEVEL 2 1”= 32’-0”

UP

UP

LEVEL 1 1”= 32’-0”

INTEGRATED BUILDING SECTION

passive cooling through operable windows

double-facing solar paneling for shading and energy south facing louvres for shading on glazing

glulam/CLT structural framing for reduced carbon footprint

common spaces are quickly accessible through ground level

atrium as main a�ractor and circula�on hub

LEVEL 4 42’-0”

LEVEL 3 28’-0”

LEVEL 2 14’-0”

glulam/CLT construc�on for reduced carbon footprint and aesthe�c effect

LEVEL 1 0’-0” stair use promoted through proximity to entrance

FRONT ENTRANCE

STUDENT OUTOOR DINING

PASSIVE SOLAR STRATEGY USE

STUDENT CLUB HUB

REAR ATRIUM SPACE

FRONT ATRIUM SPACE

REST AND RELAXATION ROOM

INTERIOR STUDENT DINING SPACE

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN STOCKTON In a quickly evolving and innovative world, we must continue to prepare and adapt for the future and the changes it brings. Artificial Intelligence is one of the main driving forces leading the change, and Stockton must be prepared so that it is not left behind.

• 62% of jobs (80,370) in Stockton will be affected by AI, with 54% affected in the next 5-15 years.

• The most affected jobs will be office jobs and administrative positions at 14.9%.

• The sectors that will benefit most from AI will be construction, transportation, and manufacturing.

WHY THIS BUILDING Since many lower level jobs will be elimated due to AI and new types of jobs will be created, this building must educate the community on innovative topics and help Stockton keep progressing with the times. The main goals must be to:

• Educate the population of Stockton on Artificial Intelligence and its impacts

• Prepare the workforce for future jobs that require specialized learning

• Encourage businesses and the civil society to explore the benefits of Artificial Intelligence

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CENTER FOR EDUCATION AND INNOVATION IN PARTNERSHIP WITH CLAIRE HOHIMER

INITIAL DESIGN AND PLANNING

Space Needs by Floor 1st Floor Robotics Labs DFAB/Shop Military

2nd Floor

No.

CafĂŠ Labs

Classrooms

Labs Offices

1 1 4 1

Small Large

4 3

Small Medium Large

15 5 2

Small Medium Large

8 4 2

Small Medium Large

9 4 1 4

Small Medium Small Large Small Medium Large

Labs

Conference

5 15

16 30 49

Computer Labs Printing Center

2000 4000 150 2500

2000 4000 9000 2500 22,375

20 100 20 200

100 40 450 12.5 938.5

150 150

3000 6750

20 20

150 337.5

150 225 300

2250 1125 600

100 100 100

22.5 11.25 6

25 25 25

3200 3000 2450

20 20 20

200 150 61.25 790.93

25

2907 2128 1058 7000

100 100 100 20

29.07 21.28 10.58 350

4 2

16 30

25 25

1600 1500

20 20

80 75

3 1

5 15

150 150

2250 2250

20 20

112.5 112.5

150 225 300

1500 675 300 21,744

100 100 100

15 6.75 3 724.11

150 150

2250 2250

20 20

112.5 112.5

5 15

Small Medium Large

15 5 2

150 225 300

2250 1125 600

100 100 100

22.5 11.25 6

Small Medium Large

5 3 1 4 1

323 532 1058 70 2000

1615 1596 1058 7000 2000 8,250 2500 1750 1200 1600 1200

100 100 100 20 30

16.15 15.96 10.58 350 66.67 412.5 125 87.5 60 80 60

Photo Lab Computer Labs Studio Space Audio Lab Music Production Studio

1 1 5 4 3

25

25 16

2500 70 150 400 400

104,787 Toilets

111 43 25 21 27 116

Occupancy 1452.5 750 100

323 532 1058 70

3 1

SUM

Building To 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Total

15

10 3 1

Small Large

Offices

5th Floor

VR Lab Testing Space Maker Space

Total ASF OLF (ft2) 37,500 15,000 20 5000 50

23,168

Conference

Computer Labs Classrooms

4th Floor

ASF per

1 1

Offices

3rd Floor

Seats

Sinks

70 27 16 14 17 74

Fountains 55 21 12 10 13 56

20 20 20 20 20

3906.04

AIC PROCESS WORK

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN + BUILDING INTEGRATION Taken from the first iteration of the Artificial Intelligence Center, this building section aims to show and explain the various considerations made in regards to sustainability and efficiency. Through a combination of strategies the building EUI was able to be significantly reduced to meet future standards for buildings with similar uses.

STRUCTURE The building uses a combination of crosslaminated timber and glue-laminated timber construction to achieve structural stability. This type of construction was chosen for its ability to span long distances, be relatively fire-resistant, have a beautiful appearance, and be a sustainable alternative to steel or concrete.

EGRESS There are three main circulation stairs with three additional exterior stairways for egress. The main circulation stairs focus on transparency and connectivity of all stories. The egress stairs are placed on the exterior to encourage outdoor interaction. Collectively, they allow for easy access on all ends of the building.

AIR FLOW By dividing the building into two smaller massings with a central connector, the prevailing winds from the north-west are broken up and dispersed to limit discomfort and unfavorable conditions at window openings.

ANELS R P LA

ITE ROOF+SO WH

F

LS

R ES P O N SIVE

ALU EXTE RIO

R

GLA

ZIN G

NE

L

AR

AC

GU

ADE

T RIA N

A combination of materials was used to achieve the overall desired aesthetic of a modern design of the future. ACM panels were contrasted with corten steel panels and assisted by a reflective glazing. The smaller section of the building used a triangular parametric facade that responds to the sun angles and adjusts to prevent overheating in main spaces.

LS NE

MATERIALITY

ST RTEN EEL PA CO

COBOND

PA

DESIGN ATTRIBUTES Attributes that we made sure to include in the Artificial Intelligence Center were transparency, connectivity, and light integration. Transparency was achieved by creating an atrium with varying bridge connections that visually link users to each other. Along with that, fishbowl conference spaces were used and glazing was emphasized. Interior windows were placed in atrium spaces to get natural light deep into the space and rely less on artificial lighing.

A

B

C

D E

ROBOTICS LAB

LABS/STUDIO

F G

1

CLASSROOMS

H

FACULTY OFFICES

SERVER ROOM

FACULTY OFFICES

CLASSROOMS

2

6

3 7

LABS/STUDIO

LECTURE SPACE

4

LECTURE SPACE 8

9

5

LEARNING

DIGITAL FABRICATION 10

DOING

COMPUTER LAB

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION The building was essentially divided into two separate parts with one emphasizing learning and the other focused on doing. Spaces such as the robotics lab, studios, and computer labs were placed in the doing section while other spaces such as classrooms and offices were concentrated on the learning end. The central atrium connects the two sides of the building to bring a sense of unity and connectivity.

LABS/STUDIO

OFFICES CLASSROOMS EGRESS CIRCULATION CORE OUTDOOR DECK ATRIUM ROBOTICS SERVER ROOM FISHBOWLS STORAGE LABS

OFFICES CLASSROOMS EGRESS CIRCULATION CORE OUTDOOR DECK ATRIUM ROBOTICS SERVER ROOM FISHBOWLS STORAGE LABS

LABS/STUDIO FACULTY OFFICES

CLASSROOMS

COMPUTER LAB

COMPUTER LAB

FINISH FLOORING

SHADE ATTACHMENT SYSTEM

RADIANT FLOOR

RIGID INSULATION 5 LAYER CLT PANEL CEILING

PARAMETRIC SUN SHADES

STANDARD STOREFRONT GLAZING

PARAMETRIC FACADE SECTION + AXONOMETRIC DETAIL Thorough exploration of section details and connections was done to ensure a comprehesive understanding of facade construction. The facade focused on in this detail is an aluminum parametric triangular facade that adjusts itself according to sun angles and exposure.

EXTERIOR CLADDING 3” RIGID INSULATION CLADDING ATTACHMENT 1/2” PLYWOOD SHEATHING

14'-0"

17’-2”

CLT PANEL

14'-0"

PARAMETRIC SUN SHADES

EXTERIOR GLAZING

CONCRETE FOUNDATION

INTEGRATED BUILDING SECTION

SUMMER SUN:

GLULAM AND CLT CONSTRUCTION WINTER SUN:

PASSIVE VENTILATION

RADIANT FLOOR COOLING

POWER SOURCE (CENTRAL PLANT ON

PHOTOVOLTAIC PANELS (75% COVERAGE)

STEEL CLADDING

ALUMINUM CLADDING

VERTICAL SUN SHADES

GREYWATER/STORMWATER SYSTEM & MECHANICAL ROOM

EXPERIENTIAL BUILDING SECTION This building section aims to give a better understanding of the experiences within the Artificial Intelligence Center. The main atrium space is shown on the right end of the building with the robotics lab to the left of it. The courtyard experience is also displayed, with the parametric facade creating a significant aesthetic experience.

FRONT ENTRANCE

CENTRAL COURTYARD SPACE

SECONDARY ATRIUM ENTRANCE

ROBOTICS LAB VEHICULAR ENTRY

MAIN ATRIUM

PARAMETRIC FACADE

ROBOTICS LAB

FRONT ENTRANCE

STAIRWAY

INTERIOR OF SECONDARY ATRIUM

TOP OF MAIN ATRIUM

MAIN ATRIUM WITH SERVER ROOM

ROBOTICS LAB

CIRCULATION STAIRS

COMPUTER LAB

CHAPTER 7_IN REFLECTION

Looking retrospectively at the past six months of work and development, I am amazed to see the work I was able to achieve. Significant growth can be seen in my work compared to previous projects, and the attention to detail is unprecedented. The combination of studio work with structural and technical knowledge helped me design multiple buildings that went beyond a conceptual design and towards something that resembles a buildable solution.

Much of my time was spent thoroughly researching and learning about the people and places that I was designing for. This was a driving force for my work and helped me learn the specific needs of that group in that area. Besides that, learning about the people I was designing for gave me motivation and encouraged me to produce quality solutions because I understood the purpose and importance of my work. It was a problem that made me excited to come up with a solution, which is something you sometimes miss out on in typical studio projects.

In terms of software knowledge and technical abilities, I grew significantly as well. My Revit skills were magnified from the basic skills I had, and I discovered new tools such as Grasshopper, Enscape, and Twinmotion that helped me further my work too. My improvement with software and details helped me convey the intent of my work to real-world reviewers and made it something that those not in architecture could understand too.

Half of my time in double-quarter studio was spent in quarantine due to COVID-19. This made me nervous and I assumed that the work that I produced could not be as good as if I were physically in studio. I was surprised to see that though I could not focus on physical aspects of architecture as much, I was able to dive deeper into digital work and software. In the end, the depth of work that came out of my time in isolation shocked me and reminded me that you could really achieve anything if you truly invest time and come up with creative solutions.

Overall, I have experienced more growth these past two quarters than I though possible, and faced some unprecedented circumstances along the way. This served as a great precursor to real life, because in reality you never know what road blocks may appear. The ability to work past them and continue to excel is crucial to success, and I feel confident in my ability to take on any future obstacles that are in the way of my personal growth and success.

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[10] Roadside Architecture, https://www.roadarch.com/theatres/ca14.html. Accessed 5 June 2020.

[11] “Benjamin Holt House.” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Holt_House. Accessed 5 June 2020.

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[13] “El Dorado Elementary School.” Wikimedia, https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:El_Dorado_Elementary_School_-_Stockton,_CA.JPG. Accessed 5 June 2020.

[14] “Moses Rogers House.” Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Rodgers_House. Accessed 5 June 2020.

[15] NoeHill, https://noehill.com/sanjoaquin/nat1978000762.asp. Accessed 5 June 2020.

[16] “Weber Primary School.” Waymarking, https://www.waymarking.com/waymarks/WMXG6K_Weber_Primary_School_Stockton_CA. Accessed 5 June 2020.

[17] Stockton, www.stocktonca.gov/files/filesbudget_in_brief.pdf.

[18] Sforza, Teri. “Irvine Is Ranked the No. 1 City in the Nation for Good Fiscal Health, Report Says.” Orange County Register, Orange County Register, 24 Jan. 2018, www.ocregister.com/2018/01/23/ca-city-financesmany-are-broke-and-not-telling-you-about-it/.

[19] Irish Times, https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/editorial/irish-times-view-on-higher-education-universities-can-be-part-of-covid-19-solution-1.4245876. Accessed 5 June 2020.

[20] Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_University. Accessed 5 June 2020.

[21] Wikipedia, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California. Accessed 5 June 2020.

[22] SQ Feed, https://www.sqfeed.com/2018/05/03/humans-have-been-living-in-cities-for-thousandsof-years-yet-while-medieval-city-walls-might-have-fallen-to-be-replaced-by-roads-and-bridges-connecting-our-modern-metropolises-the-essence-of-the-c/. Accessed 5 June 2020.