National Youth Job Creation Templates by Federal Ministry of Youth Development, Nigeria

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA

NATIONAL YOUTH JOB CREATION TEMPLATES

National Youth Job Creation Template

TABLE OF CONTENTS Aknowledgement Acronyms Foreword Executive Summary CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background 1.2 The Need for the Youth Job Template 1.3 Objectives of the Youth Job Templates 1.4 The role of Self Employment and Entrepreneurship in youth job template 1.5 What is a job template? 1.6 NIYEAP and Youth job creation Template

4 5 6

CHAPTER 2: YOUTH JOB CREATION TEMPLATE 2.1 Selected Sectors for Youth Job Creation 2.2 Definition of Fields headers of Job Creation Template 2.3 Youth Job Creation Template on Sector by Sector Basis

7 7 12 14

CHAPTER 3: MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK 3.1 Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy 3.2 Definition of Terms 3.3 Monitoring and Evaluation of Progress in Program Implementation 3.4 Joint Programme Design and Implementation Plan

106 106 107 108 109

CHAPTER 4: POLICY RECOMMENDATION 4.1 Awareness Creation 4.2 Government Inputs 4.3 The Role of the Public and Private Sector 4.4 Feedback into the Policy Process 4.5 Need for the impact, monitoring and evaluation

120 120 120 121 123 124

Appendix 1 Tentative Application for Job Creation

125

ii iii iv vi 1 1 2 4

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

ACKNOWLEDGMENT This report is made possible by a leadership of the Federal Ministry of Youth Development that has the vision, the passion and the innovativeness in the ardous task of youth development. It is therefore important to acknowledge the pivotal contribution of the leadership under the committed and passionate eye of the Honourable Minister. In appreciating the Ministry's leadership, it is equally necessary to put on record the professional conduct of the lead consultant, Dr. Samuel Adelodun of the Resource Link International who with his team of consultants brought their decades of experience to produce this landmark template report. As a two time Director General of the National Directorate of Employment, Dr. Adelodun has coordinated the production of a template report very vital to the nation's push against youth joblessness. Overall, the entire Nigerian youth must congratulate themselves for this revolutionary policy initiative which has swelled the rank of other equally fundamental youth policies and programmes introduced by the present administration through the ministry of youth development. This is a truly a golden era for Nigerian youth and I must acknowledge the positive conduct of our youth which made so many progressive developments a reality. I acknowledge the contribution of all those who made this report possible even as I commend it to all for the greater glory of our youth.

Danladi I. Kifasi, mni Permanent Secretary Federal Ministry of Youth Development ii PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

ACRONYMS FEC FMOL FMYD ICT ILO JSCE KAB LG M&E MDAs MOA NAPEP NDE NEEDS NGOs NIYEAP PMC PS SIYB SME SMEDAN UNESCO

Federal Executive Council Federal Ministry of Labour Federal Ministry of Youth Development Information Communication Technology International Labour Organisation Junior Secondary School Certificate Know About Business Local Government Monitoring and Evaluation Ministries, Departments and Agencies Ministry of Agriculture National Poverty Alleviation Programme National Directorate of Employment Second National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy Non-Governmental Organisation National Youth Employment Action Plan Programme Management Committee Private Sector Start and Improve Your Business Small and Medium Enterprises Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency Of Nigeria United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

iii PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

FOREWORD The present administration is repeatedly demonstrating that in public policy process, action is the path to sustainable governance in the country. This realistic precept is what my ministry is again displaying with the final development of the National Youth Job Creation Templates. My ministry had earlier recorded an historical success with the creation and approval by the Federal Executive Council of the National Youth Employment Action Plan (NIYEAP 2009). The plan recommended by the United Nations provides a multisectoral strategy for creation of jobs for millions of our unemployed youth and the present administration has adopted it as a basis for material response to the youth unemployment question. It is however my ministry's desire to further simplify the process of implementation of the action plan by Ministries, Departments and Agencies (MDAs) through the creation of National Youth Job Creation Templates. This document is therefore related to the NIYEAP as it seeks to practically demonstrate the process of Job Creation according to sectors, cost and total number of jobs possible with identified timelines. I thus commend this template report to all stakeholders in the youth sector as we all collectively strive to positively engage our youth and rescue them from the claws of unemployment and under-employment. In it, we will see specifics of sectoral job creation so as to easily seeing into action to help our largely disengaged youth. In this report, we will discover a simplified world of youth job creation and a sure path to societal wealth creation and personal achievement. Let me note that this template report is, like the NIYEAP document, the first of its kind in Nigeria history. It is another landmark intervention by my ministry to set standard and spurs other stakeholders to take more seriously the challenges posed to our national existence by an increasingly disconnected youth population. This template report is a commendable addition to my ministry's many policy innovations which has created a sustainable policy framework for the development of Nigerian youth. What will interest many stakeholders in this report aside from the actual templates and the preceding Job analysis is the Monitoring and Evaluation section which is iv PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

designed to track the job creation process across the MDAs over a specified period of time. My ministry as the headquarters for the implementation of the Youth Employment Action Plan will use the template report to monitor and collate data on youth job creation across all sectors. Thus, the template report is a viable data gathering tool on youth job creation in the country. This is important since Nigeria as a lead country in the Youth Employment Network of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) is obliged to render regular report on youth employment situation in the country. The Monitoring and Evaluation model in this report is a major asset in this direction. I thus charge all lovers of youth and relevant officials across the MDAs to make use of this report as it affects their sectors. This is a golden opportunity to lift our youth out of poverty and joblessness.

Senator Akinlabi Olasunkanmi Honourable Minister, Federal Ministry of Youth Development

v PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The challenges of youth unemployment have been major militating factors to the achievement of overarching goals of the government towards development targets as embedded in the vision 20:2020 and also medium term 7 point agenda of the present administration. Given the desire of Nigeria to become one of the 20 top economies in the comity of nations by 2020, the difficult task of increasing the supply of highly skilled and trained human resources depends on continuous investments in human resource development. Youth unemployment implies missed opportunities in the use of human resources to produce goods and services for the benefit of society. Tapping into the unused potential of unemployed young people could prove a crucial asset for economic development in the country. The energy, skills and aspirations of young people are invaluable assets that no country can afford to squander, and helping them to realize their full potential by gaining access to employment is no doubt a precondition to poverty eradication, sustainable development, and lasting peace. Rather than accepting unemployed young people as a burden to society, the creation of the youth job template offers government a unique opportunity to focus on employment and job creation for young people in the country. The youth job template represents a very bold step in moving away from the realm of rhetoric to investing in job creation and increased employability for young men and women that will in turn yield massive return. This is currently the global best practice. The National Youth Employment Action Plan (NIYEAP) developed by Federal Ministry of Youth Development had provided realistic guidelines for the implementation and monitoring of youth employment interventions. The overall goal of the NIYEAP can only be achieved if the set objectives are strictly adhered to under enabling environment. A major fallout of the Youth Employment Action Plan is the development of the youth job template. The design and implementation strategies of the templates are tailored towards giving young people everywhere the real opportunity to find decent and productive jobs; and promoting equal opportunities, employability, entrepreneurship and job creation for all young people. vi PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

Starting a business or engaging in self-employment is increasingly seen as part of a strategy to address the youth employment challenge. However, on average young people find it more difficult than adults to engage in business because they have less capital in the form of skills, knowledge and experience, collaterals and less access to business network. Ideally, entrepreneurship development initiatives for young people should span a comprehensive set of measures that make it easier for young people to start and run their own business (e.g. entrepreneurship education and training, enabling administrative and regulatory framework, business assistance and support, and access to finance). The joint programme strategy builds on a set of inter-related interventions at the national and regional levels, drawing on the complementary strengths of the various agencies and bringing them together for greater impact. Nearly all MDAs at the Federal, State and Local Government in the Country will be directly involved in programme implementation. To document, promote and ensure sustainability of the whole programme the FMYD will produce a series of publication and visual materials, gathering live testimonies from beneficiaries of the project, and organize annual seminars to discuss lessons learnt with other regions, donors and actors. Throughout the programme youth participation will be encouraged and facilitated. National partners and donors will continue to be consulted throughout the conception of the programme. To truly measure impact of jobs created on rate of employment in the system, there is a need to develop useful employment impact methodologies and indicators as well as a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation framework. Employment impact studies should be compulsory in every program / project and should be considered during the conceptualization phase, just as it currently the case for environmental impact studies of major investment programmes . Quarterly Progress Report on NIYEAP will be submitted to the Steering Committees on Job Creation at the Federal Ministry of Youth Development. Annual Progress Report on NIYEAP would be submitted to the Federal Executive Council (FEC) chaired by the President of Federal Republic of Nigeria. Direction on strategies to ministries, department and agencies is to be provided by the Federal Government. Re-prioritizations of public expenditure and adjustment of programme to meet the NIYEAP targets need to be initiated by the FEC. vii PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

CHAPTER 1:

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Nigeria's population is predominantly young. Nigeria has a population of one hundred and forty million people which makes her the most populous nation in Africa. A youth as defined by the National Youth Policy 2009 is any individual who is a citizen of the Federal republic of Nigeria, between the ages of 18-35. Between 1991 and the last census in 2006 the youth population in Nigeria has grown from about 22.5 million to well over 30 million. Young people in this age group constitute a third of the Nigerian population. In addition to the youth population, 32.4% of the total population are children below the age of 18 years. If these two groups are taken together, the population of Nigerians below the age of 35 comprise more than half of the population. In absolute terms there are more young people in Nigeria than ever before. Thirteen percent of Nigeria's population is said to be unemployed according to the National Bureau for Statistics, and 70% of those unemployed in Nigeria are young people. Nigeria's labour force growth rate of 2.8% far exceeds the annual rate of employment growth which is estimated to be less than one percent. Nigeria's youth (15-24) have born the greatest burden of unemployment in the last two decades. Youth unemployment for this age category was 34.2% as at 2005. The number of students graduating from the school system into the labour market annually is estimated at about 4.5 million. The Nigerian labour market is estimated to absorb only about 10% of this number annually In Sub-Sahara Africa, 3 in 5 of the total unemployed are youth. Worldwide, and in Africa as well, the ratio of the youth-to-adult unemployment rate equals three, which clearly points out the substantial difficulties of youth participation in the labour 1

National Population commission 2006 National Youth Policy 2009 3 National Population Commission 2006 4 Youth Position Paper Second National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy (NEEDS 2) 2007 5 Nation Bureau for Statistics fact sheet 2007. 6 National Bureau of statistics 2005 7 Nigerian Youth Employment Action Plan, 2008 8 ILO,2006 2

ILO,2006 1

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

market. As a consequence, youth made up 43.7% of the total unemployed people in the world despite accounting for only 25% of the working population 1.2 The Need for the Youth Job Template The challenges of youth unemployment have been major militating factors to the achievement of overarching goals of the government towards development targets as embedded in the vision 20:2020 and also medium term 7 point agenda of the present administration. Given the desire of Nigeria to become one of the 20 top economies in the comity of nations by 2020, the difficult task of increasing the supply of highly skilled and trained human resources depends on continuous investments in human resource development. Youth unemployment implies missed opportunities in the use of human resources to produce goods and services for the benefit of society. Tapping into the unused potential of unemployed young people could prove a crucial asset for economic development in the country. The energy, skills and aspirations of young people are invaluable assets that no country can afford to squander, and helping them to realize their full potential by gaining access to employment is no doubt a precondition to poverty eradication, sustainable development, and lasting peace. Rather than accepting unemployed young people as a burden to society, the creation of the youth job template offers government a unique opportunity to focus on employment and job creation for young people in the country. Young women and men are among the world's greatest assets. They bring energy, talent and creativity to economies and create the foundations for future development. Young people in all countries are both a major human resource for development and key agents for social change, economic development and technological innovation. Their imagination, ideals, considerable energies and vision are essential for the continuing development of the societies in which they live. The problems that young people face as well as their vision and aspiration are essential components of the challenges and prospects of today's societies and future generations. Today's youth also represent a group with serious vulnerabilities in the world of 10

Africa development Indicators â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Youth and Employment in Africa 2008/2009 World Programme of Action for Youth to the Year 2000 and Beyond, United Nations, 1995

2 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

work. In recent years, the slowing global employment growth and increasing unemployment, underemployment and disillusionment have hit young people the hardest. The situation has deteriorated considerably in view of the current worldwide economic downturn. As a result, today's youth are faced with a growing deficit of decent work opportunities and high levels of economic and social uncertainty. According to the UNESCO, youth in developing countries experience rapid changes in the social conditions as a result of changing socio-economic and policy structures, and the wider global change presents them with a more precarious future than any preceding generation. There are growing concerns among policy makers that the frustrations accompanying long-term unemployment among urban young men and women can lead to dire consequences. Youth unemployment and its corollary, under-employment has become a political-security issue in addition to being a socio-economic one in many countries in Africa. Youth who are able bodied but unskilled, jobless and alienated have been ready to take up arms and operate as political thugs in exchange for small amounts of money. Unemployment has social as well economic consequences for young people. Unemployed young people are forced to find alternatives to generate income including activities in the survival-type informal sector and, in extreme cases, criminal activity. The youth job template represents a very bold step in moving away from the realm of rhetoric to investing in job creation and increased employability for young men and women that will in turn yield massive return. This is currently the global best practice. The National Youth Employment Action Plan (NIYEAP) developed by Federal Ministry of Youth Development had provided realistic guidelines for the implementation and monitoring of youth employment interventions. The overall goal of the NIYEAP can only be achieved if the set objectives are strictly adhered to under enabling environment. A major fallout of the Youth Employment Action Plan is the development of the youth job template. 12

Global employment trends for youth, International Labour Organization 2006 Empowering youth through National policies â&#x20AC;&#x201C; UNESCO contribution 14 World Youth Report, 2005 15 Youth Unemployment and regional insecurity in West Africa, UNOWA, 2005 16 Meeting youth unemployment head on http://.uneca.org/era2005/chap5.pdf

3 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

1.3

Objectives of the Youth Job Templates

The design and implementation strategies of the templates are tailored towards giving young people everywhere the real opportunity to find decent and productive jobs; and promoting equal opportunities, employability, entrepreneurship and job creation for all young people. The aims and objectives of the youth job template include the following:· Employability: investing in education and vocational training of young people and elaborating strategies to enhance the impact of these investments · Equal opportunities: giving young women the equal opportunities as young men · Entrepreneurship: making it easier to start and run enterprises in order to provide more and better jobs for young people · Employment creation: putting job creation at the centre of governments macroeconomic policy · Active participation of young people in programme design and implementation 1.4

The role of Self Employment and Entrepreneurship in youth job template

National Youth Job Creation Template

can also initiate activities such as helping develop enterprise curricula and teaching material, sharing experience with potential young entrepreneurs and arranging for youth groups to visit their enterprises. Networks for young entrepreneurs help them set up their businesses and find business partners. In peer groups, information about all aspects of business life can be exchanged. Furthermore, networks can help access conventional finance services by advising on business plans, offering ongoing support and providing mentoring services and linking young entrepreneurs to financial institutions. Identifying suitable mentors within a network and matching them with young people can be a further service of a network. Further activities by entrepreneur networks include publishing guides, manuals or help-sheets explaining the essentials to young entrepreneurs and, importantly, participation in policy-making or lobby government on the needs of emerging business people. Youth business start-up programmes that reward innovation in young companies can be an effective way to raise enterprise awareness, while promoting a positive image of sponsoring companies. By sitting on panels with other partners, employers can also establish good working relationships with different stakeholders and get in touch with new emerging companies. Promoting youth entrepreneurship and enterprise creation is a key policy work area for the ILO. The ILO's Know about Business (KAB) and the Start and Improve Your Business (SIYB) are two major ILO programmes to promote youth entrepreneurship. The KAB aims at promoting awareness among young people of the opportunities and challenges of entrepreneurship and self-employment. The SIYB programme is a management-training programme with a focus on starting and improving small businesses as a strategy for creating more and better employment in developing economies and economies in transition. 1.5

What is a job template?

In the narrowest sense, a job template serves as a pattern for the creation of jobs. It provides a means of generically matching and categorizing jobs, and a means of setting default or attributes for certain jobs. Job templates are defined by the employers and employees when submitting jobs. Templates in the youth job creation process outlines specific jobs in each sector, their definition and benefits, the cost of 5 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

providing them and the estimated number of opportunities for youth. 1.6

NIYEAP and Youth job creation Template

There is a proposal on section 3.8 on Youth Employment Creation under Sectoral and Institutional Frameworks for youth employment, in Nigerian Youth Employment Action Plan (NIYEAP) 2009-2011. â&#x20AC;&#x153;This section recommends two sets of policies to address youth unemployment in Nigeria-preventive and curative. Among preventive solutions are increasing the demand for labour, improve economic growth performance, provision of information and counseling to youths, and reforms of the educational and training system. Curative policies include promotion of public work programmes, strengthening of micro-facilities, provision of special incentives for businesses that employ youths, improve the functioning of the labour market and the creation of a more effective, efficient and proactive public employment servicesâ&#x20AC;?. The youth job creation template addresses the curative policies much more than the preventive. The preventive policies are already been by other government agencies

Self Employment and Entrepreneurship: Resolution concerning sustainable enterprises, International Labour Conference, 2007 18

http://www.clusterresources.com/products/mwm/docs/11.10jobtemplates.shtml

6 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

CHAPTER 2:

YOUTH JOB CREATION TEMPLATE

2.1 Selected Sectors for Youth Job Creation Jobs generated for the template were categorised into the following sectors: 1. Agriculture 2. Commerce & industries 3. Transport 4. Power & energy 5. Oil and gas 6. ICT 7. Housing and environment 8. Education 9. Culture and tourism 10. Construction The tables below show the summary of the jobs categories according to sectors and sub-sectors. Other parameters like costs of jobs per head, number of jobs proposed per LGA and nationwide are also included.

7 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

Table 1:

Summary showing Sectors, Sub sectors and Job Categories and other related Parameters

8 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

9 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

10 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

Table 2:

Summary Showing Count of Jobs on Sectors and Sub Sectors

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

2.2

Definition of Fields headers of Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

13 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

2.3 Youth Job Creation Template on Sector by Sector Basis

14 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

SECTOR AGRICULTURE The International Labour Organisation, the World Bank and other international development partners are unanimous in their conclusions that this sector is capable of providing millions of jobs for our jobless youth. In fact, a recent meeting of key African leaders in Accra, Ghana reaffirmed the potentials of the sector. The following templates on Agriculture provide details of possible jobs.

15 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

16 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

17 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

19 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

20 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

21 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

22 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

23 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

24 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

25 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

26 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

27 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

28 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

29 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

30 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

31 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

32 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

33 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

34 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

36 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

38 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

39 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

49 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

COMMERCE & INDUSTRIES In view of the limited space for public employment, there is a growing focus on commerce and industries and the need to harnessed emerging potentials arising from the sector. The advocacy worldwide is for youth to embrace entrepreneurship skills for self employment. The following templates itemised some of the opportunities in the commerce and industries sector.

41 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

42 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

44 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

45 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

46 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

47 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

49 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

50 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

51 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

52 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

53 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

54 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

56 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

57 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

59 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

60 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

62 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

63 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

CONSTRUCTION Construction work is a traditional area for Job Creation interventions. It was the focus of most public works programmes designed to create jobs in the developing world. The templates describe and explore the smaller units of jobs that can come together to implement public works activities.

64 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

65 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

CULTURE AND TOURISM

67 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

EDUCATION Records of specific interventions for job creation always emphasise the education sector for several reasons. Some of the reasons bother on the issue of skills acquisition and alignment to the needs of the day, and the issue of curriculum realignment in favour of skills acquisition and others. While the government is already addressing many of those issues, education sector has many openings and some of these are captured in the following templates.

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

69 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

72 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

HOUSING AND ENVIRONMENT The sector holds great promise on job opportunities for Nigerian youth. Some of the housing and environment sector shown in the template are in tandem with worldwide movement in support of creation of green jobs.

73 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

75 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

76 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

78 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

79 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

82 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

84 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

86 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

88 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

89 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

90 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

INFORMATION AND TECHNOLOGY

91 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

93 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

94 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

OIL AND GAS

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

POWER AND ENERGY

98 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

TRANSPORT

99 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

100

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

101

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

102

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

103

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

104

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

105

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

CHAPTER 3: MONITORING AND EVALUATION FRAMEWORK 3.1

Monitoring and Evaluation Strategy

A participatory, result based monitoring and evaluation framework based on both qualitative and quantitative indicators and regular field visits will accompany the youth job creation template. The Plan will be linked to the FMYD results framework. The Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) experts will work closely with the appointed Programme Manager to elaborate the plan, which will be validated by the Programme Management Committee (PMC) and the National Project Steering Committee. The Plan will include a mid-term and an independent final evaluation. Each implementing agency will be responsible for monitoring the implementation of their activities and ensuring related outputs are produced. A reporting system will be designed to ensure that reports are consolidated per outputs and outcomes of the programme, and a yearly consolidated progress report will be produced for the FMYD. The first priority in designing a monitoring and evaluation framework for youth job creation template is to understand the logic underlying the program. A youth job creation template must show how the project activities and their related outputs (e.g. loans, training, mentoring) will eventually lead to the intended outcomes or results, and impact(s) through multiple steps. These steps are linked to each other through a series of cause-and-effect relationships that form the causal chain. The links in the causal chain are composed of essential project components outlined in the table below Table 3: The Causal Chain

106

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

3.2

Definition of Terms

Monitoring is a continuous process of collecting and analyzing information to see how well a project, program or policy is performing against expected results, to support implementation. Evaluation is an assessment of the consequences of an intervention, to determine its relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, impact and sustainability, to support the decisionmaking process. Activities consist of the actual program or project tasks (for example, providing lifeskills training courses) that require inputs (the financial and human resources used to perform these activities) and that transform the inputs into outputs. Outputs are direct products of program activities. For a youth job creation program, this might include the number of people trained, number of youth engaged in conducting market research, or the number of loans issued to youth. Output indicators are typically collected by program staff during operations without difficulty and maintained in the program's management information system. A program should establish periodic targets throughout the life of the project for each activity output and then monitor these targets. If outputs are not being achieved, then program staff should determine why and make any course corrections necessary. Monitoring the accomplishment and quality of activity outputs is essential to ensure that the project produces its stated outcomes. Outcomes are direct and indirect medium-to-long-term results of project activities and outputs and measure changes at the individual, institutional (household, organization), or sector (health, education) level. Outcomes are generally the joint result of multiple project activities and outputs. Direct outcomes are medium-tolong-term results that the program promised to accomplish with the inputs (funds) it received and activities (outputs) it organized and implemented. Indirect outcomes are unexpected or unforeseen results (either positive or negative) that are difficult to measure accurately or attribute as direct results of the program. Direct program outcomes are results that are considered necessary, intermediary conditions for final impacts to occur. In this sense, outcomes are links in causal-chain outputs to longerterm impacts. 107

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

Impacts are the longer-term effects, whether positive or negative, that can be attributed to the programâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;such as youth employment or self-employment, increased income, sustainable livelihoods, or improved community well-being. 3.3

Monitoring and Evaluation of Progress in Program Implementation

108

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

3.4 Joint Programme Design and Implementation Plan The joint programme strategy builds on a set of inter-related interventions at the national and regional levels, drawing on the complementary strengths of the various agencies and bringing them together for greater impact. Nearly all MDAs at the Federal, State and Local Government in the Country will be directly involved in programme implementation. The principal partners for this programme will be the Federal Ministry of Youth Development (FMYD) and Federal Ministry of Labour (FMOL). Other sectors will also be highly involved, including the Ministry of Interior, Ministry of National Planning, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Industries and Commerce, SMEDAN, NDE, NAPEP, NGOs, the private sector and youth groups will play a key role. The first outcome of the programme shall addresses youth

109

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

employment and migration at the level of policy-making and planning, the second and third outcomes shall include specific interventions to address the current varying needs of the two target groups at the operational level. To realize the first outcome and related outputs to address youth employment and migration at the policy-making level FMYD will: 路 Provide technical support to the main national and local stakeholders to develop employment policies and programmes adapted to the specificities of each state. This will be piloted in two states in each six (6) geopolitical zones e.g. North-Central (Abuja, Kwara), South-West (Lagos, Ibadan), South-South (Calabar, Port-Harcourt), South-East (Enugu, Abia), North-East(Maiduguri, Yola) North-West (Kebbi and Kano). Baseline studies will be conducted in each of the zones or regions to ensure that stakeholders have adequate information to respond efficiently to the challenges. Particular attention will be given to advocating and ensuring the participation of youth, NGOs and the private sector in this process. Monitoring and evaluation mechanisms will be designed for each region. 路 Another main component of the FMYD's support will be ensuring that migration issues are integrated into employment policies. This will be done through advocacy, sharing best practices, technical support and increased coordination between stakeholders working on migration and employment. To support this process, research institutions and employment observatories at the regional and national level will be equipped with new methodologies and tools to enable them to effectively monitor and analyze youth employment (within formal and informal sectors) and migration patterns at the regional level. 路 For the sustainable management of legal migration, the FMYD will support the establishment of an external labour market monitoring system and set up job-matching tools for controlled migration. As the programme also aims to increase the role of the private sector in youth employment, the FMYD will focus on supporting the government in implementing its plans for public sector outsourcing, as a means to engage youth in new projects. The FMYD will also build awareness on labour rights and decent working conditions. Consultations with the private sector, NGOs and youth groups will also be organised to ensure that they participate in the development of regional action plans for youth employment and migration. 110

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

To realize the second outcome and related outputs targeting unemployed university graduates at the operational level, they provide skills, methodologies and innovative communication tools to the institutions currently providing counselling to youth on training, insertion, entrepreneurship and migration. To ensure improved guidance and counselling for university graduates, the FMYD will support the establishment of new guidance and networking facilities in several universities, such as Employment and Entrepreneurship Information Windows. The Ministries of Education, Labour and Youth will review current vocational training programmes available to unemployed university graduates in the selected regions. Successful programmes will be promoted, while others will be upgraded and new ones developed to ensure that university graduates have skills that match the job market, especially the needs of the private sector. The FMYD will focus on ensuring that vocational trainings benefit university graduates from the fields most affected by unemployment and young females. In order to stimulate the creation of jobs for youth and self-employment of young graduates, the FMYD will promote and support youth entrepreneurship in the target regions. Current instruments in place will be strengthened to ensure that they are gender sensitive and provide adequate support throughout the business development process from market analysis, business planning, implementation and follow-up. Programmes will in particular be reviewed and new modules proposed to diminish the current high mortality rate of micro and small enterprises. The FMYD will encourage and support the development of micro and SMEs in new innovative areas such as the environment sector and private and public sector outsourcing. The FMYD will facilitate coordination among the main institutions and micro-credit services for youth entrepreneurship development in each region, and support networking among associations and youth-led projects within the same economic areas of interest. To realize the third outcome and its related outputs targeting unskilled youth at the operational level FMYD, FMOL, NDE, SMEDAN AND NAPEP will:o Develop and strengthen apprenticeship and vocational training programmes for unskilled youth in partnership with private enterprises. Integrated training and employment programmes to 111

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

involve youth in community based development projects will also be developed with local NGOs and development partners. As young women in rural areas have few opportunities, and are often left behind to take care of families when men migrate, the programme will aim to pilot enterprise education and technical and marketing advice through the innovative use of ICTs in a select number of centres for young rural women in some selected states. o The existing constraints and opportunities for SME development by unskilled youth will be evaluated. New SME creation and development training modules (Farmers School Approach, Market Analysis and Development and Success-Case Replication) will be introduced and piloted to encourage the development of micro and SMEs in new innovative domains. o The FMYD will support the set-up of SMEs in urban and rural areas of the three regions, based on the identification of innovative areas for SME development. In partnership with the private sector a mechanism to support seasonal migration of youth in sectors where labour is in demand, will be developed and piloted. To support unskilled youth in accessing jobs abroad, a circular migration mechanism will be developed providing information services, pre-departure and temporary migration actions. To document, promote and ensure sustainability of the whole programme the FMYD will produce a series of publication and visual materials, gathering live testimonies from beneficiaries of the project, and organize annual seminars to discuss lessons learnt with other regions, donors and actors. Throughout the programme youth participation will be encouraged and facilitated. National partners and donors will continue to be consulted throughout the conception of the programme.

Engaging Tunisian Youth to Achieve the MDGs ID: MDGF-1930

112

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

IMPLEMENTATION TOOLS: MONITORING AND EVALUATION MATRIX FOR JOB CREATION TEMPLATE

113

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

114

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

115

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

116

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

117

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

118

PAGE

Note:

SECTION 2.1

MONITORING MATRIX

2. MONITORING

National Youth Job Creation Template

119

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

CHAPTER 4:

POLICY RECOMMENDATION

Following the presentations and deliberations on the NIYEAP and Job Creation template, the workshop shall identify several areas that need to be considered in promoting employment intensive approaches in all the government's infrastructure and service delivery, and youth employment issues. Key effort shall be to secure political will and acceptance at all implementation levels for the shift towards involving public, private sector and community groups and putting employment issues as a primary objective in the development process. The emerging issues and some of the recommendations have been grouped under subheadings below. 4.1 Awareness Creation As part of the efforts to build up national ownership, it is necessary to strengthen the national co-ordination mechanism to monitor NIYEAP and mobilize support from private sector and civil society organizations. At the grassroots' level, many agencies and institutions are still not aware of the NIYEAP. Hence, it is necessary to create sensitization workshops to create awareness among national and sub-national level stakeholders. It is necessary to harness the media to give wide publicity on NIYEAP to the general public. Moreover, FMYD concept documents may need to be translated into local languages so that grassroots' level people would get a clear picture on the concept. Gaining political will and acceptance at all implementing levels for approaches that enable greater labour intensity and participation is essential. Sharing of information and best practices will here be an important lobbying tool. 4.2

Government Inputs

Government should place emphasis on creating additional work opportunities through the introduction of labour-intensive construction methods. Labour intensive construction methods involve the use of an appropriate mix of labour and machines, with a preference for labour where technically and economically feasible, without compromising the quality of the product. Work gangs made up of skilled and semi 120 PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

skilled workers should be constituted and given the opportunity to work in such labour intensive construction sites 4.3

The Role of the Public and Private Sector

Improving employment opportunities for young people requires a broad and concerted effort from all stakeholders. While government at all levels are primarily responsible for creating an enabling environment for youth employment, employers – as major providers of jobs, and workers – as direct beneficiaries, have an important role to play in the process. Action by employers and their organizations to support youth employment can take several forms, which varies across countries depending on national circumstances. These include: 1. Direct action concerning skills development and training Employers and their organizations have a central role in the identification (and subsequent design and implementation) of the appropriate education, training and general skills requirements that economies need. Business has a clear interest in ensuring that education and training creates the skilled labour force they will need for the future. As key customers of the education and training system, business can help inform policy and practice across a variety of related issues. Traditionally a great deal of efforts of employers worldwide have focused on equipping school leavers, first-time jobseekers and young unemployed with the technical skills and attitudes that are required from them to become more “employable” or “suitable” for the labour market. Examples of interventions by employers in this area include: § Enterprises' participation in national vocational training systems and training programmes through interventions aimed at facilitating the transition of young people to the world of work (e.g. enterprise-based training) § Measures to increase the number and scope of training opportunities for young people within the private sector (e.g. campaigns geared towards businesses to create or expand training places; joint efforts by employers and educational authorities to increase vocational training places and apprenticeship places in enterprises) § Special training schemes organized by employers, individually or collectively, 121

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

outside the framework of national training systems in order to generate the skills required by a specific industry or company, including schemes targeting disadvantaged youth § Establishment of school-industry partnership arrangements in order to enhance the relevance of education and easing young people transition from school to work (e.g. workplace learning initiatives within the educational framework) 2. Direct actions concerning job creation Private sector growth is a key engine of job creation and more than ad hoc measures are required to enable employers to create jobs for young people on a sustainable basis. In many countries, however, employers, often through their organizations, are also implementing or pioneering a number of initiatives to expand job opportunities for young workers, and to facilitate their integration into the labour market. Examples of action in this area include: § Job facilitation and placement schemes to match young jobseekers with job offers from companies (e.g. a job bank by an organization) § Use of government programmes and incentives to create new jobs for young people (e.g. a Fund) § Mentoring of young entrepreneurs and business start-up assistance § Establishment of young entrepreneurs' networks or support to ease access to enterprise networks 3. Policy making and advocacy The participation of employers and their organizations in the design, implementation and evaluation of policies and programmes for youth employment has proven critical for enhancing the relevance of interventions and make them more respondent to labour market requirements. Employers, through their organizations, can also play an important role in raising-awareness, generating and disseminating information, and mobilizing support around youth employment issues. Some actions undertaken by employers in this regard include: § Participation in national tripartite policy-making bodies dealing with vocational education and training and job creation (e.g. boards of educational and training institutions; funding bodies for grant allocation to young 122

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

entrepreneurs) ยง Contribution to policy and programme development and implementation through social dialogue and collective bargaining ยง Research into and dissemination of information on youth employment issues, specifically with regard to private sector needs concerning skills and job requirements ยง Promotional campaigns and other initiatives targeting different groups depending on circumstances (e.g. young people, parents, schools, industry partners, etc.) using tools such as advertisements, radio spots, television chat shows, videos, newspaper articles, job fairs In the real word, action in each of the three main areas highlighted above is often intertwined, as the examples contained in this tool show. 4.4

Feedback into the Policy Process

Quarterly Progress Report on NIYEAP will be submitted to the Steering Committees on Job Creation at the Federal Ministry of Youth Development. Annual Progress Report on NIYEAP would be submitted to the Federal Executive Council (FEC) chaired by the President of Federal Republic of Nigeria. Direction on strategies to ministries, department and agencies is to be provided by the Federal Government. Re-prioritizations of public expenditure and adjustment of programme to meet the NIYEAP targets need to be initiated by the FEC. The Working Committees on NIYEAP will report to the Steering Committee chaired by the Minister of Federal Ministry of Youth Development, which in turn will report back to Federal Executive Council (FEC) chaired by the President of Federal Republic of Nigeria. Hence, the NIYEAP reports are integrated into the highest level policy making body. The working arrangement itself strengthens the national ownership for monitoring NIYEAP. Moreover, co-ordination of the NIYEAP by the Federal Ministry of Youth Development which is under the Hon. Minister enables to give directions on public expenditure and even prioritise public expenditure among the various human developments sub-sectors? The analysis of public expenditure on health, education and other social services is essentials, for poverty alleviation related decision making. The working committees comprise representatives from public sector, private sector and NGOs. 123

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

4.5 Need for the impact, monitoring and evaluation To truly measure impact of jobs created on rate of employment in the system, there is a need to develop useful employment impact methodologies and indicators as well as a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation framework. Employment impact studies should be compulsory in every program / project and should be considered during the conceptualization phase, just as it currently the case for environmental impact studies of major investment programmes.

124

PAGE

National Youth Job Creation Template

APPENDIX 1. TENTATIVE APPLICATION FORMAT FOR JOBS CREATED Personal Information Surname First...................................................Other Names:............................................... Contact Address :................................................................................................................ Nationality : ..................................................................................................................... State: ............................................................................................................................. LGA : .............................................................................................................................. Date of birth………………………………………………………………… Telephone: .................................................................................................................... Email Address : .................................................................................................................. Date Applied Job Sector Applied For: Sub-Sector.............................................................and Name of the Job............................. Authorized to work in the Nigeria?..................................................................................... Have you ever been convicted in any court of law?..................................... If yes, explain: Education (1)Name of School Attended: Degree or Certificate Awarded: Year of Graduation: (2)Name of School Attended: Degree or Certificate Awarded: Year of Graduation: APPLICANT'S SIGNATURE............................................................................................. SPONSOR'S NAME AND SIGNATURE.............................................................................. SPONSOR”S ADDRESS................................................................................................. REMARK..................................................................................................................... FOR OFFICE USE MINISTRIES /DEPARTMENT/AGENCIES...........................................

125

PAGE