TEST BANK For The Social Work Experience A Case-Based Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare

able of Contents Chapter 1: The Social Work Profession Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

14

Test Items

18

Test Answer Key

21

Chapter 1: The Social Work Profession Chapter 1 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 1.1: Explain how the profession‘s core values and ethics are useful to your understanding of the social work profession.

[Q1] When working with client Susan Dunn and her children, Pamela Wright, BSW at the shelter, was most concerned about _________________.

1. addressing the basic needs of Susan and her children [correct] 2. finding a divorce attorney for Susan 3. describing the dangers if Susan returns home to her husband 4. contacting the police to file a report [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Addressing the immediate needs of the client are the most important focus in a crisis situation.

In the case of Susan Dunn, providing shelter, helping her and the children to settle in, and then addressing Susan‘s physical injuries took precedence over all other concerns.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] It is more important for social worker Pamela to address the immediate physical concerns of Susan Dunn and her children. Discussion of divorce will happen after a relationship has been established between Susan and Pamela, and a list of priorities has been developed.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Providing for the safety needs of Susan and her children is the first priority. If Pamela was to discuss the possible dangers of Susan returning home, Pamela could miss the opportunity of developing rapport and establishing trust with Susan. This information may frighten Susan and her children.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Whether a police report is filed is Susan‘s decision, not that of Pamela. Pamela may share information about the process and outcome scenarios but should not make this decision on her client‘s behalf.

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[Q2] What is the ultimate goal of the social work profession?

1. Assisting clients in need 2. Social justice [correct] 3. Policy change 4. Advocacy [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Assisting client in need is a daily goal of the work of social workers. However, this is a part of the larger social justice mission of the profession. Helping individuals can ultimately lead to positive change for others.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Social justice is the overarching goal of our profession. It includes the specific skills of providing client assistance, advocating on all system levels, and working for policy change.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Policy changes are anticipated to lead to greater social justice.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Advocacy is one social work skill that impacts social justice efforts.

[Q3] Which of the core social work ethical principles embodies the concept of trust?

1. Competence 2. Service 3. Integrity [correct] 4. Dignity and worth of the person [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Competence means that social workers only practice within their area of expertise. Social workers aspire to increase their professional knowledge and skills.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Social workers place service to others above their own self-interests. This aligns with trust, but does not solely embody the concept of trust.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Social workers are expected to be trustworthy. Truth and honesty define professional social work integrity.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social workers are required to respect the dignity and worth of each person with whom they interact. Social workers must always be mindful of individual differences and cultural, ethnic, and other types of diversity.

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[Q4] Which of the following offers the greatest distinction of social work from other professions?

1. Preventing and resolving problems 2. The social environment and the psychological functioning of people [correct] 3. Embracing diversity 4. Reliance on a code of ethics [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Many professions, including medicine, law, and education, seek to resolve problems and impart knowledge and information.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The social work profession embraces the impact of the social environment on how people function within it, making this dual approach unique to the social work profession.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While social work embraces diversity or its clients, colleagues, organizations, and communities, so do other professions. This is not unique to social work.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Most other professions rely on a code of ethics and values to set forth the standards of professional practice. This is not unique to social work.

[Q5] Which of the four parts of the NASW Code of Ethics includes the core values of the profession?

1. Statement of purpose 2. Ethical standards 3. Identification of Ethical principles 4. Preamble [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The statement of purpose explains why The Code of Ethics exists. It includes an explanation that the set of values, principles, and standards are provided as a guide to decision making and conduct.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The Ethical Standards are guided by the core values as set forth in the preamble.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The ethical principles are incorporated in the section on Ethical Principles, and include the values of the profession as well.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The preamble of the Code of Ethics identifies the specific core values of the profession. Ethical standards and principles are both defined by and guided by the core values.

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Learning Objective 1.2: Explain social systems theory and the ecosystems perspective and how they guide social work practice.

[Q1] The levels of intervention for social work practice are _________________.

1. individuals, groups, and communities 2. individuals, families, organizations, and communities 3. families, groups, and organizations 4. individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] These are three of the systems with which social workers interact.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] These are four of the systems.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] These are three of the system levels.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The generalist approach to social work practice by definition includes intervention at multiple levels: individual, family, group, organization, and community.

[Q2] The first step in the intervention process (also sometimes called the planned change process) is _____________.

1. assessment 2. engagement [correct] 3. planning 4. intervention [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Assessment is the second phase of the planned change process. Social workers must engage first to begin developing a relationship with the client or system.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Social workers must engage with their clients before any significant work together can be accomplished.

It is during this initial phase that rapport building begins and the relationship is established.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Planning occurs after the assessment phase of the planned change process.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The intervention is started after engagement, assessment, and planning.

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[Q3] The strengths perspective in social work practice ________________.

1. completely ignores a client‘s shortcomings 2. views some clients in a positive way 3. believes that there is strength in all clients, whether obvious or not [correct] 4. asserts that self-determination is not appropriate for clients with developmental disabilities [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The strengths perspective does not ignore client shortcomings, rather, it focuses on successes and positive outcomes in order to build on them.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] All clients should be viewed by their positive attributes, helping them to identify their personal strengths.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Looking for strengths in all clients, regardless of how hidden they may be, usually produces more positive outcomes than if the strengths had not been identified.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Every individual is entitled to self-determination. The strengths perspective should be applied to each individual, regardless of level of functioning, and is often used in conjunction with selfdetermination of client wants/needs.

[Q4] A generalist approach ________.

1. focuses primarily on large systems 2. focuses on changes with individuals 3. is informed by ecological systems theory [correct] 4. is not valuable when addressing global issues [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] All systems levels (individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities) are considered in the generalist approach to social work practice.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Individuals are one of the five systems, which are part of the generalist approach.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Ecological systems theory guides the generalist social worker to consider multiple levels of intervention, from individual through community.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The generalist approach is very valuable when looking at all aspects of global issues in social work.

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[Q5] Which theoretical approach is most often associated with how social workers attend to and understand the dynamic interactions among the many different sizes and types of structures that are involved in providing effective social services?

1. Systems [correct] 2. Developmental 3. Person-in-environment 4. Learning [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Social workers must attend to the interaction between systems small and large, and how those interactions affect people‘s level of functioning.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Developmental theory is a psychological construct in which an individual‘s level of functioning is measured against their age and experiences.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Person-in-environment is one type of systems theory, focused on the relationship between the client (or client system) and the immediate environment surrounding them [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Learning theory is another psychological approach to understanding human development.

Learning Objective 1.3: Discuss the process students can use to think through career decisions involving social work, the career opportunities available to social workers, and social work licensure and credentialing.

[Q1] Which professional organization is responsible to set forth the educational policy and accreditation standards (EPAS) for social work programs?

1. National Association of Social Workers (NASW) 2. Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) 3. Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) [correct] 4. Licensed Clinical Social Worker (LCSW) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] NASW is the professional organization for social workers in the United States. They are not involved in educational policy and accreditation of social work programs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] ASWB is the entity responsible for writing the social work licensure exams used in every state.

Their exam questions are based, in part, on the CSWE accreditation standards.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3]

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CSWE is the accrediting body for all undergraduate and master‘s level social work academic programs in the United States. The 2022 EPAS was released in July 2022. The EPAS is updated every seven years.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The LCSW is a licensure designation for master‘s level practitioners working in clinical settings.

[Q2] According to the study conducted by the George Washington University Health Workforce Institute, which area of practice provides the highest levels of income for MSW social workers?

1. Outpatient health care 2. Private nonprofit organizations 3. Rehabilitation facilities 4. Government agencies [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] MSW graduates received a relatively high number of job offers and had minimal difficulty finding a position in outpatient health care facilities, but salaries were lower than in governmental positions.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Nonprofit organizations frequently pay lower than government and for-profit companies at both the BSW and MSW levels.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Rehabilitation facilities do not draw a large pool of MSW candidates. Salaries was the lowest of all employment categories in this study.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] MSW graduates report achieving the highest income levels from these positions, while submitting the smallest number of applications to obtain a position than all from all other employment categories.

[Q3] Between 2020 and 2030, employment opportunities for social workers are expected to increase most in which practice area?

1. Mental health and AODA [correct] 2. Health care 3. Schools 4. Children and families [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Mental health and AODA is the fastest growing practice area for ALL professional social workers, with an expected increase in demand of 15% by 2030.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2]

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Social work in health care is expected to grow by 12–13%.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] School social work is also expected to increase in demand by 13%.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social work with children and families is expected to grow by 13% by 2030.

[Q4] Which level of regulation in the United States legally restricts the practice of social work to persons who meet individual state requirements?

1. Certification 2. Registration 3. Licensure [correct] 4. Graduation [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Certification protects the title social worker but does not prohibit those without certification from practicing social work.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Registration is the equivalent of licensure or certification used in Canada, not the United States.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Licensure legally restricts the practice of social work to persons who meet the state requirements.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Graduation refers to an individual who has completed the necessary requirements to be conferred a BSW or MSW degree and has no bearing on certification or licensure.

[Q5] According to research conducted by the Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce, which area of social work practice is expected to see the greatest increase in demand for MSW practitioners?

1. Mental health and AODA 2. Health care [correct] 3. Schools 4. Children and families [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The demand for master‘s level social workers is expected to increase by 23% in the area of mental health and AODA. [Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The largest area of increase in demand for MSW practitioners is in the health care field, at 28%.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Most school settings require MSW level licensed social workers, and growth in this practice area is expected to be 12%.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Working with children and families at highly specialized levels of an MSW social worker is another growing practice area, with demand expected to increase by 15%.

Learning Objective 1.4: Describe the work of the major professional social work organizations.

[Q1] Which social work organization is recognized for assisting the Office of the United Nations‘ High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)?

1. International federation of social workers (IFSW) [correct] 2. Commission on Accreditation (COA) 3. Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) 4. National Association of Social Workers (NASW) [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The IFSW provides a global voice for the social work profession. It has achieved so much international respect that it has been provided special consulting status by two UN organizations.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] COA is not an independent social work organization. Rather, it is one working group within CSWE. [Feedback for Answer Choice 3] CSWE is the United States‘ accrediting body for BSW and MSW social work programs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] NASW is the United States‘ primary professional organization for all social workers.

[Q2] The vision of which organization below is to ―ensure a well-educated social work profession equipped to promote health, well-being, and justice for all people in a diverse society.‖ 1. International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) 2. National Association of Social Workers (NASW) 3. Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) [correct] 4. Commission on Accreditation (COA) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The IFSW seeks to ―strive for social justice, human rights and inclusive, sustainable social development through the promotion of social work best practice and engagement in international cooperation.‖

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The mission and vision of NASW is to ―enhance the professional growth and development of our members, to create and maintain professional standards for social workers, and to advance sound social policies.‖ [Feedback for Correct Answer 3] CSWE is the only organization in the United States that is authorized to accredit social work educational programs to ―ensure a well-educated social work profession equipped to promote health, well-being, and justice for all people in a diverse society.‖ [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] COA is a part of CSWE and is the formal body charged with conferring accreditation status on master's and baccalaureate social work programs.

[Q3] Which of the following is a recent focus of the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW)?

1. Licensure 2. Social work education 3. Institutional racism 4. Climate justice program [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Licensure is handled differently across countries. The IFSW is not currently involved in regulating social work practitioners.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Social work education is regulated by individual countries and governments. The IFSW is not involved in the specifics of social work education.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While racism is a concern in many parts of the world, the IFSW has not specifically set out goals to target institutional racism on a global scale.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The IFSW has identified and funded regional climate justice projects in many parts of the world, using its international membership base as starting points for each project.

Learning Objective 1.5: Compare and contrast the roles and responsibilities of social workers and those of professionals that social workers frequently work with.

[Q1] Social workers are expected to achieve skill in developing interprofessional relationships. This skill is supported by which of the core social work values?

1. Dignity and worth of the person 2. Social justice

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3. Service 4. Importance of human relationships [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] A core value of social work is to treat each person with care and in a respectable manner, being mindful of individual differences and cultural and ethnic diversity. Social workers promote responsible self-determination of every person.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Social workers pursue social change, alongside and on behalf of vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of people.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social workers elevate service to others above self-interest.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Social workers understand that relationships between and among people are an important vehicle for change. Social workers engage people as partners in the helping process. Social workers seek to strengthen relationships among people in a purposeful effort to promote, restore, maintain, and enhance the well-being of individuals, families, social groups, organizations, and communities.

[Q2] As Susan Dunn‘s situation evolved while working with social worker Pamela Wright, what is the primary role Pamela would likely play in assisting Susan to secure services from other organizations?

1. Advocacy [correct] 2. Mediation 3. Broker 4. Spokesperson [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The social worker will advocate for the needs of Susan and her children with external entities including the legal system, TANF, etc. She will work side-by-side with the client to secure necessary supports.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Pamela would likely not act as a mediator for services, as from the case study she has knowledge of what programs and services are available for Susan and can work directly with Susan and those organizations.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Susan can make her needs known to the social worker and outside organizations; therefore, she is able to assist in securing the services she and her children need.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Susan is able to speak for herself, so the social worker will act as a support to Susan as she seeks services. The social worker does not need to be the family spokesperson.

[Q3] Which specific type of professional psychology practice counsels individuals and families, conducts IQ and personality tests, and the like. Psychologists who wish to specialize in psychotherapy usually earn a doctorate degree.

1. Social psychology 2. Applied psychology [correct] 3. Cognitive psychology 4. Organizational psychology [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social psychologists study what people think, feel, and how human behavior impacts others.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Applied psychology is the overarching study of and ability to solve problems related to human behavior. There are many specialty areas within applied psychology including clinical psychology, counseling services, medicinal psychology, and forensic psychology.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Cognitive psychology studies the mental processes that relate to thinking, memory, and language. This area of study uses behavioral observation as its primary means of data collection.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Organizational psychologists apply research to issues facing individuals, teams, and organizations. This professional practice examines employee well-being and attitude, employee–employer relationships and behavior in the workplace.

[Q4] Associate degree programs and work settings in human services place the greatest emphasis on which one of the following?

1. Knowledge development 2. Theory application 3. Task completion [correct] 4. Generalist practice [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Knowledge development is primarily a function of baccalaureate social work programs, not associate degree human service programs.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Theory application is a core function of baccalaureate social work programs, not associate degree human service programs.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Task completion is a central focus of associate degree human service programming. The other primary focus is on skill development.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Generalist practice is a wide-ranging approach to social work practice at the baccalaureate level and includes a wide range of skills to work with individuals, families, organizations, groups, and communities.

[Q5] Interdisciplinary collaboration is a key component of professional practice. Which of the following professionals is legally allowed to prescribe and monitor medications such as antidepressants and those used to treat psychoses?

1. Licensed professional counselor 2. Psychiatrist [correct] 3. Social Worker 4. Psychologist [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] A professional counselor is not authorized to prescribe medications for mental illness or other medical/mental health diagnoses.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] A psychiatrist is a licensed medical doctor. Therefore, they are legally authorized to prescribe and monitor medications for mental health diagnoses.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] A professional social worker is not authorized to prescribe medications for mental illness or other medical/mental health diagnoses.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] A psychologist is not authorized to prescribe medications for mental illness or other medical/mental health diagnoses.

Chapter 1 Application Exercises Application Exercise 1.1: Exploring core social work values Learning Objective 1.1: Explain how the profession‘s core values and ethics are useful to your understanding of the social work profession.

Scenario: Meredith is a bereavement counselor at a hospice agency where she spends about an hour or so per week with clients who have received a terminal diagnosis. Steve, one of Meredith‘s

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clients, has terminal liver cancer and has approximately 6 months to live. He has been estranged from his adult daughter for 4 years, and Meredith is helping him develop a plan for reunification. Meredith helps Steve deal with his terminal diagnosis by helping him talk through his feelings about his illness and impending death. Steve talks a lot about his fear of being in pain and his overwhelming regret for many of his life choices. Meredith listens, reflects, and reframes where appropriate. She is also helping Steve develop a plan for talking to his family members and saying everything he wants to say before he dies. For instance, during a recent session, Meredith helped Steve write a list of what he would like to say to his estranged daughter, his ex-wife, and other family members. She is also helping him make important endof-life decisions, including planning his own funeral. Meredith and Steve will continue to meet until his death, and if possible, she will be with him and his family when he passes away.

[Q1] How has Meredith demonstrated the social work value of Dignity and Worth of the Person?

[Q1 Model Response] Students should include some of the following: Meredith is ethically bound to treat each client with care and respect. She must uphold Steve‘s right to self-determination, and work with Steve to enhance his capacity to address his own needs. Meredith has allowed for the client to express all of his emotions, concerns, and feelings about his situation. She has offered consistent support and recommendations to complete tasks the client has identified as important.

Scenario: Meredith is a bereavement counselor at a hospice agency where she spends about an hour or so per week with clients who have received a terminal diagnosis. Steve, one of Meredith‘s clients, has terminal liver cancer and has approximately 6 months to live. He has been estranged from his adult daughter for 4 years, and Meredith is helping him develop a plan for reunification. Meredith helps Steve deal with his terminal diagnosis by helping him talk through his feelings about his illness and impending death. Steve talks a lot about his fear of being in pain and his overwhelming regret for many of his life choices. Meredith listens, reflects, and reframes where appropriate. She is also helping Steve develop a plan for talking to his family members and saying everything he wants to say before he dies. For instance, during a recent session, Meredith helped Steve write a list of what he would like to say to his estranged daughter, his ex-wife, and other family members. She is also helping him make important endof-life decisions, including planning his own funeral. Meredith and Steve will continue to meet until his death, and if possible, she will be with him and his family when he passes away.

[Q2] What are the key elements of Service involved in Steve and Meredith‘s professional relationship?

[Q2 Model Response] Meredith is providing service to Steve in the following ways: 

Plan for reunification with his estranged daughter



Help talking through fear of pain and overwhelming regret for life choices



Plan for talking to family members before passing away

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

Help making end of life decisions including planning his own funeral

Scenario: Meredith is a bereavement counselor at a hospice agency where she spends about an hour or so per week with clients who have received a terminal diagnosis. Steve, one of Meredith‘s clients, has terminal liver cancer and has approximately 6 months to live. He has been estranged from his adult daughter for 4 years, and Meredith is helping him develop a plan for reunification. Meredith helps Steve deal with his terminal diagnosis by helping him talk through his feelings about his illness and impending death. Steve talks a lot about his fear of being in pain and his overwhelming regret for many of his life choices. Meredith listens, reflects, and reframes where appropriate. She is also helping Steve develop a plan for talking to his family members and saying everything he wants to say before he dies. For instance, during a recent session, Meredith helped Steve write a list of what he would like to say to his estranged daughter, his ex-wife, and other family members. She is also helping him make important endof-life decisions, including planning his own funeral. Meredith and Steve will continue to meet until his death, and if possible, she will be with him and his family when he passes away.

[Q3] In what ways has Meredith displayed the core value of Competence in this scenario?

[Q3 Model Response] Meredith needs to have empathy in order to listen to and understand the patient's challenges with a terminal illness. She also needs to have strong listening skills to understand the wants and needs of clients. She needs a background in counseling strategies to work with the range of emotions that patients may feel as they come to grips with their own death. Meredith also needs to have an understanding of the grieving process so that she can proactively plan out strategies to address each step in the process. Finally, she needs to know the important resources that may be needed to plan for end-of-life decisions like a will, a do not resuscitate order, and funeral arrangements.

Application Exercise 1.2: Applying Social Work Skills and a Focus on the Strengths Perspective Learning Objective 1.2: Explain Social Systems Theory and the Ecosystems Perspective and How They Guide Social Work Practice.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 1.5 to answer the following question: This video depicts a mother who is receiving treatment in order to gain back placement of her child. What are some of the client‘s strengths that would be important to identify as a foundation for change?

[Q1 Model Response] Students should include at least some of the following: The mother has seven years of solid sobriety. Her prior experience in overcoming alcoholism can serve as a guide to overcome the challenge again. She can also serve as a mentor and support for other clients who are overcoming abuse for the first time. She appears to demonstrate a willingness to participate in the program, expressing she wants to stay in the treatment facility and work with the human services provider. She advocated for herself by asking for her sponsor, who can serve as an advocate and support through the treatment, to be present at the meeting.

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[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 1.5 to answer the following question: In this video example, the social worker gives clear information to a mother whose son is in protective custody. What skills did the social worker demonstrate to address the mother‘s concerns?

[Q2 Model Response] The social worker demonstrated several different skills. He first provided choices to the client regarding treatment while sharing his willingness to serve and counsel her. He used active listening with clear responses to the client‘s questions and concerns, focusing on the ultimate goal of being reunited with her child. He highlighted her strengths in discussing treatment and group counseling. The human services provider described a clear pathway through treatment and ways he could help the client through the plan. Finally, he offered to set up a meeting with the child welfare worker in order to build a shared understanding of the service plan required to gain back custody of her child.

Application Exercise 1.3: Public Policy as Social Work Practice Learning Objective 1.3: Discuss the Process Students Can Use to Think Though Career Decisions Involving Social Work, the Career Opportunities Available to Social Workers, and Social Work Licensure and Credentialing [Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 1.6 to answer the following question: In what ways do the social workers in this video highlight the importance of public policy work with LGBTQ clients?

[Q1 Model Response] The social workers in the video explain HOW the older adult LGBTQ population is currently impacted by discrimination. They share statistics about the growing older adult population. They relate the need for this legislation to younger LGBTQ persons as well. Each of these is an example of how advocacy influences public policy.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 1.6 to answer the following question: What skills do the social workers utilize to effect policy change on behalf of LGBTQ persons?

[Q2 Model Response] They display empathy for their client population. They use knowledge to impact the representative‘s understanding of the scope of the issue. They explain the cost-effectiveness of the recommendation. They demonstrate the importance of human relationships to fend off isolation.

[Q3] Use Pearson eText Video Example 1.6 to answer the following question: Given your goals in pursuing social work, how does this video influence your thinking about what kind of social work you‘d like to pursue?

[Q3 Model Response]

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Responses should address some of the following elements: personal reflection of WHY social work as a career, which specific practice area is of interest, and the type of setting is most desirable in which to work.

Chapter 1 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. The social work profession seeks to empower people and to identify and build on strengths that exist in A. people and within families and groups.

B. people and within families and communities.

C. groups, organizations, and communities.

D. people and within families, groups, organizations, and communities.

2. The NASW Code of Ethics begin with the key (core) A. competencies.

B. theories.

C. values.

D. practices.

3. In how many states in the United States are social workers are legally regulated?

A. All B. 45 C. 40 D. 30 4. The two most prominent national social work organizations in the leadership of the profession are A. IFSW and NASW. B. IFSW and CSWE. C. NASW and CSWE. D. NASW and NADD. 5. The basic professional level social worker is able to engage in practice with A. individuals, families, and groups.

B. groups, organizations, and communities.

C. organizations and communities.

D. individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities.

6. The prediction of the Bureau of Labor Statistics projects social work employment to A. grow very slowly.

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B. grow remarkably fast.

C. decrease.

D. show no change.

7. Which of the following is a recent focus of the International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW)?

A. Licensure B. Social work education C. Institutional racism D. Climate justice program 8. The historical event that is probably responsible for the first paid social work-type position in the United States is A. The American Revolution.

B. The American Civil War. C. World War I. D. World War II. 9. The Clinical Social Worker A. has a BSW with two years experience.

B. just graduated with the MSW degree.

C. has the MSW degree plus two years of clinical practice.

D. earned the BSW degree plus has five years experience.

10. A major social movement that contributed to the development of social work, and that began in England and took hold in Buffalo, New York, in 1877, is A. settlement house.

B. Charity Organization Society.

C. Children‘s Aid Society.

D. Society of the Prevention of Cruelty to Children.

11. The most famous leader of the settlement house movement in the United States was A. Abraham Flexner.

B. Dorothea Dix. C. Mary Richmond.

D. Jane Addams.

12. The most famous leader of the Charity Organization Society was A. Abraham Flexner.

B. Dorothea Dix. C. Mary Richmond.

D. Jane Addams.

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13. Hull House was established in 1889 by A. Abraham Flexner.

B. Dorothea Dix. C. Mary Richmond.

D. Jane Addams.

14. Social workers‘ involvement in mental health was further increased as psychiatric casualties brought large numbers of social workers into military social work as a result of A. The American Revolution.

B. The American Civil War. C. World Wars I and II. D. The Vietnam War. 15. The ultimate goal of the social work profession is A. developing resources.

B. assisting clients in need.

C. social justice.

D. casework.

Essay Questions 1. Explain the important aspects of the social work profession that may not be readily apparent in the definition of social work.

2. Discuss the point made by Morales and Sheafor (2002) that the profession of social work grew out of and has sustained commitment to a threefold mission. Include a description of the threefold mission.

3. Identify and describe the core values of the social work profession.

4. Describe at least four needs that a client in a shelter for battered women is likely to have.

5. Compare how the professions of social work, psychology, counseling, psychiatry, and human services would have approached the Susan Dunn case.

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Chapter 1 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. D (see page 5, section titled ‗Defining and Differentiating Social Work from Other Professions‘) 2. C (see page 6, section titled ‗Core Social Work Values‘) 3. A (see page 36, section titled ‗State Licensure and Professional Certification‘) 4. C (see pages 38–40, sections titled ‗The National Association of Social Workers‘ and ‗The Council on Social Work Education‘) 5. D (see pages 21–23, section titled ‗Levels of Intervention: Individuals, Families, Groups, Organizations, and Communities‘) 6. B (see page 35, section titled ‗Employment Projections‘) 7. D (see pages 41–42, section titled ‗International Social Work Organizations‘) 8. B (see page 12, section titled ‗A Brief History of the Social Work Profession‘) 9. C (see page 36, section titled ‗State Licensure and Professional Certification‘) 10. B (see page 12, section titled ‗A Brief History of the Social Work Profession‘) 11. D (see page 12, section titled ‗A Brief History of the Social Work Profession‘) 12. C (see page 12, section titled ‗A Brief History of the Social Work Profession‘) 13. D (see page 12, section titled ‗A Brief History of the Social Work Profession‘) 14. C (see page 12, section titled ‗A Brief History of the Social Work Profession‘) 15. C (see pages 6–7, section titled ‗Core Social Work Values‘) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 5–6, section titled ‗Defining and Differentiating Social Work from Other Professions‘): a. Empowerment of people across a wide range of human diversity b. Identify and build on the strengths that exist in all people and within families, groups, organizations, and communities c. Social and economic justice are unique within the definition of social work, unlike most other professions d. Code of Ethics provides core values and principles which guide practice 2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 12–14, section titled ‗A Brief History of the Social Work Profession‘): a. Caring, curing, and changing society b. All three components are related to social justice c. Prompted by humanitarian concerns, at times mixed with less noble objectives

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d. History of helping people change, grow, and develop new skills e. Earliest social workers advocated for human rights through labor laws, political action, and community development 3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 6–12, section titled ‗Social Work Core Values, Ethical Principles, and Ethical Standards‘): a. The six core values i.

service: helping people in need and addressing social problems

ii. social justice: social workers must challenge social injustice; active social change efforts iii. dignity and worth of all persons: treat people in a caring, respectful manner iv. importance of human relationships: purposeful development of effective working relationships; build or restore relationships within individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities v. integrity: trustworthiness vi. competence: practice within area of competence and enhance professional expertise 4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 1–4, section titled ‗Case Study 1.1 Susan Dunn‘): a. Physical safety b. Medical attention for injuries c. Emotional support d. Basic personal hygiene and clothing items 5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 42–45, section titled ‗Comparing Related Professions‘): a. Social workers approach the situation from a holistic perspective, addressing the various systems in which the client (s) operates and is affecting the clients‘ well-being b. Psychologists tend to focus on single clients at a time, rather than applying best practices to systems c. Counselors serve the social and emotional needs of clients, but tend to focus on the individual client, rather than supporting changes across systems d. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who specialize in mental health and prescribe/monitor medications e. Human Services is primarily a two-year degree option at community and technical colleges; there is no accreditation or licensure available upon graduation; it is considered a stepping-stone to obtaining a four-year BSW degree

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The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction Chapterto2Social Work and Social Welfare

Test Item File Eight Edition Mary Ann Suppes

Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 2: Social Justice, Poverty, and Diversity: The Intersectionality of Multiple Factors Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

14

Test Items

17

Test Answer Key

20

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Chapter 2: Social Justice, Poverty, and Diversity: The Intersectionality of Multiple Factors Chapter 2 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 2.1: Define social justice, describe how economic justice relates to social justice, and explain how prejudice and discrimination can interfere with their achievement.

[Q1] ____________ is broadly defined as the lack of resources to achieve a reasonably comfortable standard of living.

1. ―At-risk‖ 2. Poverty [correct] 3. Discrimination 4. Social injustice [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] ―At-risk‖ refers to those individuals whose resources are lacking to the extent that they are almost unable to meet their needs.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Poverty refers to monetary resources required to sustain one‘s health and basic needs. Living in poverty can lead to those individuals and families experiencing discrimination and social injustice.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Discrimination is an act toward another person or group based on the belief that the person committing the behavior is superior to the other person or group.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social injustice is any situation in which someone‘s rights and access to equitable resources are undermined.

[Q2] __________ is the belief that one group, or specific characteristics of one group, are superior to others, while ____________ is the negative behavior toward those groups believed to be inferior which results from the former.

1. Prejudice, discrimination [correct] 2. Racism, prejudice 3. Discrimination, racism 4. Sexism, racism

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Prejudice is a belief or opinion held before facts are known, allowing one person to feel superior to another. Discrimination occurs when one acts on these prejudicial beliefs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Racism is the belief that one race is superior to others, a belief that tends to justify exploiting and oppressing members of other races. Prejudice is a belief or opinion held before facts are known, allowing one person to feel superior to another.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Discrimination occurs when one acts on prejudicial beliefs. Racism is the belief that one race is superior to others, a belief that tends to justify exploiting and oppressing members of other races.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Sexism is the belief that one sex is superior to the other, usually that males are superior to females. Racism is the belief that one race is superior to others, a belief that tends to justify exploiting and oppressing members of other races.

[Q3] If _______________ were to be fully realized, diverse population groups would have an equal chance to achieve a reasonably comfortable standard of living.

1. Social Security Act 2. Social justice 3. Affordable Care Act 4. Social and economic justice [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Social Security Act of 1935 was implemented by President Theodore Roosevelt in an effort to ensure retirement, disability benefits, and survivors' benefits for older adults, along with additional directives for social welfare.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Social justice is an ideology to achieve a fair and equitable division of resources, opportunities, and privileges in society.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The Affordable Care Act is a comprehensive healthcare reform law enacted in 2010.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Social justice and economic justice work hand-in-hand to ensure equitable opportunities for all population groups.

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[Q4] How many U.S. children currently suffer from food insecurity?

1. 100,000 2. 1,000,000 3. 6,100,000 [correct] 4. 10,000,000 [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The actual number of children suffering from hunger is more than several hundred times this amount.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Children are far more likely to suffer from food insecurity than this estimated 1,000,000 suggests.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] In the United States, 38,000,000 people suffer from food insecurity. 6,100,000 of those are children. 16% of U.S. children live in poverty.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Unfortunately, the number of children suffering from food insecurity is not likely to improve until and unless public policies are enacted that prioritize basic human rights including adequate access to food, shelter, and education. Fortunately, the number of children suffering from food insecurity in the United States is less than 10,000,000.

Learning Objective 2.2: Discuss how the intersectionality of multiple factors increases the likelihood that certain populations will experience discrimination and poverty.

[Q1] Ethnic groups share what types of cultural characteristics among members?

1. Food, race, and history 2. Customs, values, and language [correct] 3. History, music, and food 4. Values, race, and language [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Race is not always shared within ethnic groups.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] An ethnic group may include individuals of different races. Customs, values, language, and a common history are the primary components of ethnicity.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Music is not necessarily a common denominator of ethnic groups. Types of music are often shared across races and ethnic groups.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Race is not always consistent within ethnic groups.

[Q2] Which contemporary U.S. President appointed more women than men to cabinet positions during his first year in office, more than any other President in history?

1. Barack Obama 2. George H.W. Bush 3. Donald Trump 4. Joseph Biden [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] President Obama appointed women to 34% of government positions during his first year in office.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] President Bush filled 22% of appointed positions with women.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Donald Trump appointed 23% of women to government positions during his first year as President.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] President Joe Biden filled 54% of government positions with women during his initial year in office.

[Q3] Which U.S. state, in 2010, passed a law allowing law enforcement to stop anyone ―reasonably suspected of being an illegal immigrant‖?

1. Texas 2. New Mexico 3. California 4. Arizona [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Texas has passed several controversial laws regarding immigration practices, but not this particular one as discussed in the text chapter.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] New Mexico has passed a few controversial laws regarding immigration practices, but not this particular one as discussed in the text chapter.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] California is considered an ally for immigration rights and has not passed restrictive laws to limit immigration.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Arizona passed this law. However, the U.S. Supreme Court struck down the part of the law which would have criminalized immigrants who were not carrying their federal registration cards.

The high court upheld the provision allowing law enforcement officers to stop and question anyone suspected of being in the state illegally.

[Q4] Women are at risk of poverty at much higher rates than their similarly educated and experienced male counterparts. In 2021, the average female earned _______ for every dollar earned by a similarly qualified man.

1. $ 0.95 2. $ 0.65 3. $ 0.82 [correct] 4. $ 0.75 [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Women have never earned ninety-five cents for every dollar earned by a man in the United States.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Women earned about $ 0.65 for every $1.00 a man earned in the 1980s. Fortunately, the gender wage gap has decreased in the past twenty to thirty years, although it still exists.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The average working woman in 2021 earned only 82 cents for every dollar earned by a man.

Education can be an important tool for women to increase their earnings, but it does not close the pay gap: Women earn less than men at every level of academic achievement and, in some cases, experience a higher pay gap at higher levels of education.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Women earned about $ 0.75 for every dollar earned by a male counterpart in the 1990s and early 2000s.

[Q5] Although older adults suffer from poverty at lower rates than the population as a whole, certain groups of older adults are more at risk than others. According to the text, which of the following groups is most likely to suffer from poverty in later life?

1. Older women [correct] 2. Unmarried older adults 3. White men 4. Married couples

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Older women are the most likely on this list to suffer from poverty in later life. This is often the result of women earning less than men over the course of their work lives, and more women working inside the home as unpaid caregivers while men tend to work outside of the home.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Nearly three quarters of unmarried adults receive at last half of their monthly income from social security. Half of them rely on social security for 90% or more of their income.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Older white men are the least likely of this list to live in poverty.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Over half of married couples receive half of their monthly income from social security.

Learning Objective 2.3: Discuss the likelihood of support for social programs across the political spectrum.

[Q1] Which political perspective is defined as ―a political and economic theory of social organization which advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole‖?

1. Conservative 2. Centrist 3. Liberal 4. Socialist [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Conservatives hold a disposition in politics to preserve what is established a political philosophy based on tradition and social stability, stressing established institutions, and preferring gradual development to abrupt change.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Centrists consider themselves independents, not supporting a particular party and deciding who to elect based on candidates‘ platforms rather than strict party alliance. Centrists typically want an efficient government that is fiscally responsible and pragmatic in its approach. Centrists are often interested in preserving choice, responsibility, and public good through reasonable and realistic solutions.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The liberal perspective is a political philosophy based on belief in progress, the essential goodness of the human race and the autonomy of the individual and standing for the protection of political and civil liberties.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Socialists believe in the rebalance of economic power so that wealth is more evenly distributed across all workers. They believe that capitalism is inherently unequal and unjust, requiring workers and consumers to control production rather than the wealthy elite through

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democratically controlled public agencies or cooperatives. Under socialism, individual freedom and equality of opportunity are available only to those who control the means of production. In a socialist system, it is believed that since everyone controls the means of production, everyone is. Socialists may also believe in the evolution of civil rights to create a society free of racism, sexism, homophobia, and transphobia.

[Q2] Generally speaking, political conservatives believe which of the following regarding gun rights in the United States?

1. The government should be entrenched in the legislation of gun rights 2. Support gun rights and the right to bear arms [correct] 3. Higher taxes to fund gun legislation efforts 4. Local governments should not be involved in gun legislation [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Conservatives do not believe in federal government intrusion on individual rights, including gun ownership and the right to bear arms.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] When it comes to government intervention and involvement, conservatives often believe that the Constitution outlines the roles and responsibilities at the federal level and government programs and oversight beyond that should not exist. As a result, conservatives tend to support gun rights and the right to bear arms.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] In general, conservatives do not support any type of tax increase.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The conservative perspective believes in smaller government with minimal roles at the national level. Thus, small government would require less tax revenue for gun legislation and social programs and services.

[Q3] Which form of government is the ideological opposite of a democracy?

1. Oligarchy 2. Marxist 3. Totalitarianism [correct] 4. Monarchy [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] An oligarchy is rulership by a small minority of society who typically hold a large portion of the society‘s wealth among them.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Marxism is a political and economic theory where a society has no classes. Every person within the society works for a common good, and class struggle is theoretically gone. It is not a form of government.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] In a totalitarian political structure, differing perspectives are not allowed. One leader has centralized control over the workings of government structures and the general populace. The system demands complete subservience.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] A monarchy is a political system based upon the undivided sovereignty or rule of a single person; states in which supreme authority is vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who functions as the head of state and who achieves his or her position through heredity.

Learning Objective 2.4: Describe four potent forms of prejudice in the United States.

[Q1] Although overtly racist laws have been ruled unconstitutional, more subtle _______________ and personal affronts continue throughout the United States.

1. Sexism 2. Institutional racism [correct] 3. Homophobia 4. Classism [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Sexism is a prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination (typically against women) based on one‘s sex.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Institutional racism is a pattern of racial discrimination entrenched in both laws and customs.

Although many of the racist laws have been changed, the customs, attitudes, and behaviors of many people have not changed. Thus, racism continues.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Homophobia is the fear, dread, or hatred of people who are gay.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Classism is prejudice against or in favor of people belonging to a particular social class.

[Q2] One danger of Isms is that _____________________.

1. members of minoritized populations face fewer barriers than others 2. prejudices lead to increased access to certain jobs for individuals of lower-class status 3. those purporting the Isms onto others likely suffer lower self-esteem

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4. people perceived as different are relegated to a lower social status [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] In fact, members of minoritized populations face more barriers than others of the majority group.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Individuals of marginalized and lower-class status face more barriers to accessing certain jobs than their majority counterparts.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Individuals on the receiving end of any type of Isms may internalize the treatment, thus resulting in lower self-esteem. For the perpetrator of the Isms, they are not likely to suffer lowered selfesteem.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Isms are prejudices common to large segments of society that relegate people who are perceived as different to a lower social status.

[Q3] _____________ is the belief that heterosexuals are superior to homosexuals.

1. Homophobia 2. Sexism 3. Heterosexism [correct] 4. Transphobia [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Homophobia is the fear, dread, or hatred of people who are gay.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Sexism is the belief that one sex is superior to the other, typically that males are superior to females.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Heterosexism is one of the prejudicial ―Isms‖ described in this chapter; it leads to the discrimination against lesbian and gay individuals.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Transphobia is the fear, dread, or hatred of people who are transgender.

[Q4] ________ is a prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination (typically against women) based on one‘s sex.

1. Sexism [correct] 2. Institutional racism 3. Classism 4. Homophobia

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Sexism is the belief that one sex is superior to the other, typically that males are superior to females.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Institutional racism is a pattern of racial discrimination entrenched in both laws and customs.

Although many of the racist laws have been changed, the customs, attitudes, and behaviors of many people have not changed. Thus, racism continues.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Classism is prejudice against or in favor of people belonging to a particular social class.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Homophobia is the fear, dread, or hatred of people who are gay.

Learning Objective 2.5: Identify and discuss eight major social justice issues in the twenty-first century.

[Q1] With the exception of accounting for inflation, the federal formula for determining the U.S. poverty line was last recalculated in the _________.

1. 1960s [correct] 2. 1980s 3. 1990s 4. 2000s [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The calculation for the federal poverty line has not changed since the 1960s. This is a main concern of advocates fighting to increase the federal poverty line. Using inflation alone to raise the poverty line does not adequately indicate the minimum income necessary to sustain an individual or family.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] It has been longer than this since the poverty line was last recalculated.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The poverty line was last recalculated before the 1990s.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The poverty line was last recalculated before the 2000s.

[Q2] Which federal legislation was the first to bar discrimination in the United States, carrying with it the power of the courts?

1. Civil Rights Act of 1964 [correct] 2. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975

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3. Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1987 4. Social Security Act of 1935 [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Title VII of this act, as amended in 1972, prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Today, disability and age are also protected categories.

Unfortunately, discrimination remained widespread even after the law was passed so the courts began to require companies who lost discrimination cases to engage in affirmative action efforts to improve compliance with the law.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The 1975 IDEA was intended to provide more equitable access to public education for children with developmental disabilities.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The Omnibus Reconciliation Act enacted new provisions for Medicare and Medicaid sections related to new standards for care in skilled nursing facilities, including nurse aide training.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Social Security Act of 1935 was enacted to ensure retirement, disability benefits, and survivors' benefits for older adults, along with additional directives for social welfare.

[Q3] In 2022, the richest 1% of U.S. citizens held almost _____ times the wealth of the median U.S. household.

1. 25 2. 30 [correct] 3. 100 4. 50 [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The richest 1% control more than 25 times the U.S. median household wealth.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The 1% richest Americans account for 30 times of the overall net worth of the average U.S. household. The gap between rich and poor in the United States continues to grow. The primary cause is social policy at the federal level, involving the extremely low minimum wage for ordinary American workers and multiple tax breaks for the rich.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Fortunately, the richest 1% of Americans do not hold 100 times the wealth of the median U.S. household.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The richest 1% of Americans hold less than 50 times the wealth of the median American household.

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[Q4] What was the driving force behind the increase in uninsured Americans over the past 5–7 years, despite the implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

1. Rapid increase in U.S. population 2. Donald Trump‘s repeal of the ACA 3. Declines in Medicaid and non-group coverage [correct] 4. Expansion of Medicaid in many states [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The U.S. population has grown steadily, by 7+ million people since 2015. However, this is not the driving force behind the increase in uninsured Americans.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Donald Trump was unable to repeal and replace the ACA during his presidency.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Coverage losses were driven by declines in Medicaid and non-group coverage and were particularly large among Hispanic people and for children.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Medicaid coverage has not been expanded in many states, rather more states have held steady or reduced eligibility for Medicaid benefits across the United States.

[Q5] Looking back at this chapter‘s case study, what public benefits was Maria Romero eligible for?

1. Social Security Disability (SSD) 2. Medicare 3. SSD, Medicare 4. Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), Social Security Disability (SSD), T19 (Medicaid) [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Maria was not eligible for SSD benefits. This federally funded program assists individuals who have been permanently disabled after working 40+ quarters and have paid into Medicare.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Medicare is a health insurance benefit available to retired persons aged 62+.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] SSD federally funded program assists individuals who have been permanently disabled after working 40+ quarters and have paid into Medicare. Medicare is a health insurance benefit available to retired persons aged 62+.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Maria was enrolled in the TANF program. She received SSI and Medicaid because of her severe disability.

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Chapter 2 Application Exercises Application Exercise 2.1: The Housing First Model to Address Homelessness Learning Objective 2.1: Define social justice, describe how economic justice relates to social justice, and explain how prejudice and discrimination can interfere with their achievement.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 2.2 to answer the following question: In this video, the Housing First model is compared to more traditional housing programs. What are some key differences noted in the video?

[Q1 Model Response] A major difference between the Housing First (HF) model and more traditional models is that HF does not expel clients from the program. HF models meet clients where they are at and provide supportive services related to mental health or drug use/abuse. The focus is on developing relationships, treating clients with dignity and respect, and preventing the dehumanizing aspects of traditional models that just kick people out. HF models focus on empowering clients to overcome struggles by providing supportive services. Clients become the agents of change.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 2.2 to answer the following question: How would the Housing First model better serve homeless single mothers than traditional shelters?

[Q2 Model Response] The Housing First (HF) model treats each client with dignity and respect and provides a level of services to meet each client‘s needs. For single mothers, this may mean providing for shortterm daycare so that the mother can attend counseling or job interviews. The model does not have structured rules and allows children to play, make noise, and cry. Mothers do not have to worry about being removed due to the behavior of the children, reducing stress and anxiety.

Single mothers also receive supportive services in order to transition long-term into permanent housing.

Application Exercise 2.2: Addressing ―Isms‖ in Social Work Practice Learning Objective 2.4: Describe four potent forms of prejudice in the United States.

[Q1] Use Pearson Video eText Example 2.4 to answer the following question: Each social worker identifies ―Isms‖ they have experienced which impact their daily lives. How might they incorporate these experiences into their social work practice with clients who also experience ―Isms‖?

[Q1 Model Response] Understanding the client as the expert in his or her own experiences is an important step in building rapport with the client. The worker may acknowledge that he or she has also experienced ―Isms‖ in some form, but they should not shift focus to their own experiences, rather allow the client to take the lead on how the ―ism‖ has affected them (the client).

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[Q2] Use Pearson Video eText Example 2.4 to answer the following question: How does the social work value of dignity and worth of the person impact the approach a social worker must take when validating a client‘s concerns with ―Isms‖?

[Q2 Model Response] The social worker must encourage the client to speak freely, ensuring the confidentiality of the conversation as much as is legally allowed. The worker should validate the client‘s feelings about the experience and ask follow-up questions to assist the client in working through their thoughts and emotions. One important skill for a social worker is demonstrating active listening skills.

Application Exercise 2.3: Understanding Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) Learning Objective 2.5: Identify and Discuss Eight Major Social Justice Issues in the TwentyFirst Century.

[Q1] Scenario: Samantha is a single mother who is currently residing in a transitional shelter for female mothers who are survivors of domestic violence. Samantha‘s two-year-old son has cystic fibrosis, a chronic medical condition that requires frequent trips to the hospital. Samantha has been making good progress toward her treatment goals—she is currently enrolled in parenting classes, attends a weekly female empowerment group and is working with the agency‘s vocational team in an effort to complete her GED and to assist with her search for a job. One of her biggest barriers to self-sufficiency is her son‘s medical needs, which require regular doctor‘s appointments, at-home treatments and specialized child care. During a recent session, Samantha shares with you that she has temporarily lost her benefits through the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program. Her TANF caseworker filed sanctions against her for noncompliance. Specifically, Samantha was accused of not working hard enough to obtain a job. Samantha explained that it‘s difficult for her to attend all job interviews because she doesn‘t have a car, relies on public transportation and can‘t always find appropriate child care in a timely manner. Samantha lost her last position as a retail clerk because of too many absences. Samantha is facing the possibility of losing her cash assistance, SNAP benefits and Medicaid benefits since she has been sanctioned for noncompliance with TANF‘s work requirements.

Question: How does Samantha ‘s situation highlight the ways in which TANF sanctions can be counter-productive in facilitating self-sufficiency?

[Q1 Model Response] The TANF sanction is designed to punish beneficiaries for failing to meet the requirements of the program. This approach to social welfare control is based on a fear of welfare abuse, is paternalistic in nature, and negates the complex problems many TANF beneficiaries experience in their lives. In Samantha ‘s case, she was penalized for not investing enough time and energy into finding a job. Her reasons for not meeting the expectations were valid, but not acceptable to the TANF worker. Transportation, child care, and medical issues all contribute to Samantha ‘s limited ability to meet program requirements.

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Scenario: Samantha is a single mother who is currently residing in a transitional shelter for female mothers who are survivors of domestic violence. Samantha‘s two-year-old son has cystic fibrosis, a chronic medical condition that requires frequent trips to the hospital. Samantha has been making good progress toward her treatment goals—she is currently enrolled in parenting classes, attends a weekly female empowerment group and is working with the agency‘s vocational team in an effort to complete her GED and to assist with her search for a job. One of her biggest barriers to self-sufficiency is her son‘s medical needs, which require regular doctor‘s appointments, at-home treatments and specialized child care. During a recent session, Samantha shares with you that she has temporarily lost her benefits through the Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) program. Her TANF caseworker filed sanctions against her for noncompliance. Specifically, Samantha was accused of not working hard enough to obtain a job. Samantha explained that it‘s difficult for her to attend all job interviews because she doesn‘t have a car, relies on public transportation and can‘t always find appropriate child care in a timely manner. Samantha lost her last position as a retail clerk because of too many absences. Samantha is facing the possibility of losing her cash assistance, SNAP benefits and Medicaid benefits since she has been sanctioned for noncompliance with TANF‘s work requirements.

[Q2] How might the TANF caseworker use her professional code of ethics to reframe the relationship with Samantha as a way to address the intersectionality of factors impacting Samantha‘s status with TANF? [Q2 Model Response] The social worker should focus on the value of Dignity and Worth of the Person and highlight Samantha‘s many accomplishments. By identifying strengths, the worker and Samantha should be able to build a relationship from that strengths perspective, rather than a continued focus on deficits. From that work, the worker and client can refocus the intersectionality to allow for greater problem-solving ideas.

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Chapter 2 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. __________ is the belief that one group, or specific characteristics of one group, are superior to others, while ____________ is the negative behavior toward those groups believed to be inferior, which results from the former.

A. Prejudice, discrimination B. Racism, prejudice C. Discrimination, racism D. Sexism, racism 2. With the exception of accounting for inflation, the federal formula for determining the U.S. poverty line was last recalculated in the _________.

A. 1960s B. 1980s C. 1990s D. 2000s 3. Although overtly racist laws have been ruled unconstitutional, more _______________ and personal affronts continue throughout the United States.

subtle

A. sexism B. institutional racism C. homophobia D. classism 4. Looking back at this chapter‘s case study, what public benefits was Maria Romero eligible for?

A. Social Security Disability (SSD) B. Medicare C. SSD, Medicare D. Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), Social Security Disability (SSI), T19 (Medicaid) 5. During the 1980s, growth in child poverty rates led to the coining of the term A. "The ageism of poverty" B. "Children in an unjust world" C. "The poverty of youth" D. ―The juvenilization of poverty‖

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6. Ethnic groups share what types of cultural characteristics among members?

A. Food, race, and history B. Customs, values, and language C. History, music, and food D. Values, race, and language 7. Which federal legislation was the first to bar discrimination in the United States, carrying with it the power of the courts?

A. Civil Rights Act of 1964 B. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 1975 C. Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1987 D. Social Security Act of 1935 8. The statement, ―Everyone has a right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control‖ (U.N., 1948), specifically refers to which of the following concepts?

A. Mutual aid B. Extraordinary rendition C. Economic justice D. Social Darwinism 9. The major conservative political party in the United States today is A. The Democratic Party.

B. The Republican Party.

C. The Socialist Party.

D. The Green Party.

10. The major liberal or progressive political party in the United States today is A. The Democratic Party.

B. The Republican Party.

C. The Socialist Party.

D. The Green Party.

11. People with conservative perspectives want to A. keep things as they are.

B. give the poor a better standard of living.

C. change the structure of the government.

D. make all people in the country economically equal.

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12. An individual who takes a socialist perspective holds a view A. right of conservatives.

B. that having the wealthy and elite is good for the economy.

C. very similar to conservatives.

D. ―left‖ of the liberal view.

13. The skill of communicating competently with people of contrasting cultures, which is becoming an increasingly important expertise in social work practice, is referred to as A. cultural paradigm.

B. cultural interaction.

C. cultural competency.

D. cultural understanding.

14. In particular, conservatives believe that the government should not interfere with the A. social worker‘s practice.

B. physician‘s practice.

C. generalist social worker‘s intervention process.

D. free market forces of supply and demand.

15. The Supreme Court finally legalized gay marriage in 2015 in the A. Hollingsworth v. Perry decision.

B. Obergefell v. Hodges decision.

C. Romer v. Evans decision.

D. United States v. Windsor decision.

Essay Questions 1. Explain how the federal poverty line is determined.

2. Describe the feminization of poverty and explain its effects on children.

3. Define racism and discuss its effects on all system levels.

4. Discuss the reasons for the growing amount of poverty among older adults.

5. Describe the perspectives of the two major political parties in the United States.

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Chapter 2 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. A (see page 50, section titled ―Concepts in Social and Economic Justice‖) 2. A (see page 69, section titled ―Poverty Line Determination Method‖) 3. B (see page 66, section titled ―Racism‖) 4. D (see pages 46–50, section titled ―Case Study 2.1 Meet Juanita Chavez‖) 5. D (see pages 53–54, section titled ―Children‖) 6. B (see page 57, section titled ―Racial-Ethnic Minority Groups‖) 7. A (see page 72, section titled ―Affirmative Action Policies: Under Attack‖) 8. C (see page 50, section titled ―Concepts in Social and Economic Justice‖) 9. B (see page 64, section titled ―Political Perspectives‖) 10. A (see page 64, section titled ―Political Perspectives‖) 11. A (see page 64, section titled ―Political Perspectives‖) 12. A (see page 64, section titled ―Political Perspectives‖) 13. C (see page 57, section titled ―Racial-Ethnic Minority Groups‖) 14. D (see page 64, section titled ―Political Perspectives‖) 15. B (see page 62, section titled ―Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Persons‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 69–70, section titled ―Poverty Line Determination Method‖): a. Originally determined in 1960s b. Based on the cost of one basket of food and multiplied by three c. Each year, the line is updated to account for inflation. d. No consideration given for other daily living costs besides food. e. No consideration for where someone lives (i.e., rural vs. urban), where prices are often markedly different.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 54–56, section titled ―Women‖): a. Increasing incidence of poverty among women b. Due to lower average wages than men c. Limited access to high paying positions d. One third of all people living in poverty in the United States are children. e. Current poverty line determination method grossly underestimates the number of children living in poverty.

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3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 66–67, section titled ―Racism‖): a. The belief that one race is superior to others, which justifies exploitation of those other races. b. Prejudice and discrimination permeate American society against people of color. c. Institutional racism continues to promote racist ideology, policies, and practices. d. Residential segregation 4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 56–57, section titled ―Older Adults‖): a. As the elderly population increases (Baby Boomers retiring), the percentage of older adults living in poverty has increased. b. Older women and older adults from racial/ethnic minority groups are more vulnerable to poverty than the average white male older adult. c. Social security is the major source of income for most older adults. d. Workplace discrimination for older adults seeking employment.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 64–66, section titled ―Political Perspectives‖): a. Conservatives (Republicans) believe in lower taxes, limited government intrusion into the economy, local control of public education, and the right to bear arms. b. Liberals (Democrats) support government intervention to create greater social equity, workers‘ rights (unions), the right of education for all, and promote civil liberties for all.

Chapter 3 Test Item File The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Eight Edition 21 Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Mary Ann Suppes Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 3: Social Welfare Policy: Historical Perspectives Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

16

Test Items

19

Test Answer Key

22

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Chapter 3: Social Welfare Policy: Historical Perspectives Chapter 3 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 3.1: Understand how residual and institutional concepts of social welfare shaped welfare policy in the Old World and the New. [Q1] Those who endorse this approach to social welfare believe that people should normally be able to meet all of their needs through their family or the job market, and if aid is required, it should be short term with stigma attached.

1. Institutional 2. Problem-solving 3. Residual [correct] 4. Market [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] From an institutional approach, social welfare services are viewed as normal, first line functions of modern industrial society.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The problem-solving approach is not an approach to social welfare. It is a construct of interacting with a client or client system to address issues and fix problems.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Market and problem-solving are not approaches to social welfare. The institutional approach views social welfare services as normal, routine functions in society today. It also promotes the philosophy that everyone needs assistance from time to time and that there should not be stigma attached to such assistance.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] ―Market‖ is not an approach to social welfare.

[Q2] Which of the following was the law passed in England in 1349 which forbade able-bodied people to leave their parishes and required them to accept whatever work was available to them?

1. Black Death 2. Statute of Laborers [correct] 3. Laws of Labor 4. English Ruling Class Law

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Black Death was a pandemic in Western Europe and Africa that lasted from 1347 to 1351, killing between 75 and 200 million people.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The Statute of Laborers was passed in 1349 after the Black Plague took the lives of so many people that a labor shortage ensued. Alms were forbidden to able-bodied individuals. This law reflected the interests of the ruling class and served as a model for future laws related to the poor.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There was no law passed by this name.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Marx purported the idea of English ruling class law, that the prevailing ideas of a particular society are formed by the ruling class to express and justify their position.

[Q3] The main purpose of the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601 was to_______.

1. assign a clergy person to oversee the poor 2. establish the notion of less eligibility 3. protect children from indentured servitude 4. determine which categories of people were eligible for assistance, and what type(s), and collect taxes [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] One specification in the Elizabethan Poor Law did assign an overseer of the poor, but it WAS NOT a clergy person, but rather a public official.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The New Poor Law of 1834 introduced a new principle known as less eligibility, based on the idea that pauperism was willful and the condition of the pauper who was relieved should be worse than the condition of the poorest, independent, self-supporting laborer.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] On the contrary, under Elizabethan Poor Law, dependent children were considered deserving and so were offered aid. Children were to be indentured or placed in the service of whoever would charge the parish the least amount of money for their care.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Parishes (similar to the U.S. concept of counties) were held accountable to provide services for the poor in their geographic region. They set the guidelines for service eligibility (impotent poor and dependent children) and levied taxes to maintain these services.

[Q4] Which of the following is a U.S. law which supports the concept of ―less eligibility‖ as discussed in your text?

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1. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) [correct] 2. Speenhamland Act 3. Settlement Act of 1662 4. New Poor Law [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] TANF is a federal program which is ruled by the concept of lesser eligibility. The average state benefit is below half the poverty line nationwide. The other three laws listed above are laws that were passed in England.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The Speenhamland Act introduced new concepts into poor law. This act was a humane response to the rising price of wheat. Rather than force poor able-bodied people into workhouses after they were destitute, the law established a wage supplement to help prevent destitution. The size of the supplement was determined according to both the number of children in a family and the price of bread.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The Settlement Act of 1662 required every person to be enrolled as a resident in some parish somewhere. Procedures establishing residency were complex. Persons who could not prove legal residence in the parish where they were living could be declared vagrants and sent away.

Minor adjustments to the law were made over the years, but the Settlement Act of 1662 increased parish control over poor people.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] In 1834, the New Poor Law reinstated most of the provisions of the Elizabethan Poor Law and introduced a new principle known as less eligibility. This principle was based on the idea that pauperism was willful and the condition of the pauper who was relieved should be worse than the condition of the poorest, independent, self-supporting laborer.

[Q5] Which legislation required every person to be enrolled as a resident in some parish across England?

1. Speenhamland Act 2. Settlement Act of 1662 [correct] 3. Elizabethan Poor Law 4. Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Speenhamland Act was a humane response to the rising price of wheat. Rather than force poor able-bodied people into workhouses after they were destitute, the law established a wage supplement to help prevent destitution. The size of the supplement was determined according to both the number of children in a family and the price of bread.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The Settlement Act of 1662 required every person to be enrolled as a resident in some parish somewhere. Procedures establishing residency were complex. Persons who could not prove legal residence in the parish where they were living could be declared vagrants and sent away.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Elizabethan taxpayers did not want to support poor people, so that overseers of the poor tried hard to prevent people from qualifying for help. However, this law was not responsible for determining residency of each person in parishes.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The EITC is a U.S. wage supplement administered through the federal income tax system to low-income earners.

Learning Objective 3.2: Debate contrasting societal values and their effect on relief programs in the United States.

[Q1] The biggest contrast between Herbert Spencer‘s philosophy of social Darwinism and Charles Darwin‘s own research is that: 1. Darwin studied survival patterns between and among species, not individuals within species. [correct] 2. Spencer believed that individuals could survive and thrive without competition between various species.

3. Darwin studied survival patterns of individuals within species.

4. Spencer and Darwin shared the same philosophy regarding ―survival of the fittest‖.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Spencer believed that only the fittest shall survive and applied that philosophy to human beings (which are all part of the same species). Poor people should be allowed to perish since they have shown they are unable to compete. Darwin studied survival patterns between and among species, not individuals within species, which is underpinned by his belief that no individual human being could survive without cooperation from others.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Spencer believed that only the fittest would survive.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Charles Darwin studied survival patterns between and among species, not individuals within species.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] They agreed on this philosophy, thus their approaches do not conflict with one another.

[Q2] The principle that the government should not interfere in the natural functioning of the market by imposing regulations or taxes is the definition of_____.

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1. Carpe Diem 2. mutual aid 3. Laissez-Faire [correct] 4. privatization [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Carpe Diem is Latin for ―seize the day‖.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Mutual aid is the concept of the reciprocity of helping among members of a family, ethnic group, organization, or some such community.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] ―Laissez-Faire‖, which is French for ―hands off‖ or ―allow to do‖, is the policy of minimal government interference in the economic affairs of individuals and the business market.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Privatization is the act of replacing government systems designed to meet the social welfare needs of people with private sector services. In the United States, growth of for-profit human service organizations has resulted from social policies supporting privatization.

[Q3] The settlement house movement, as started by Jane Addams in Chicago, promoted and practiced the concepts of_______.

1. self-help and mutual aid [correct] 2. moral uplift and mutual aid 3. self-help and friendly visitors 4. short-term charity and self-help [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Self-help, mutual aid, and social/political action are basic tenets of the Settlement House Movement. By contrast, the Charity Organization Society (COS) movement offered short term charity, moral uplift, and began a central registry of the poor.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Moral uplift was a central focus of the Charity Organization Society (COS) movement.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Friendly visitors were an integral piece of the Charity Organization Society (COS) movement.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Short-term charity was a philosophy of the Charity Organization Society (COS) movement.

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[Q4] The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) established which of the following to represent the collective interests and caucuses of American Indian (Indigenous) and Latino/a social workers?

1. Aspira 2. National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW) 3. Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB) 4. National Committee on Racial and Ethnic Diversity (NCORED) [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Antonia Pantoja founded the organization Aspira in 1961 to uplift Puerto Rican youth graduation rates and lower dropouts. The organization has thrived for more than sixty years and is now a national association with statewide affiliations throughout the country.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] NABSW is a professional organization for Black social workers and is revered as the foremost advocacy group addressing social issues and concerns of the Black community.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The ASWB is responsible for writing the national licensure exam for BSW and MSW level social workers.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The NASW established the National Committee on Racial and Ethnic Diversity (NCORED) in 1994. Its purpose is to provide a voice for the membership of color and the NASW Board and to represent the collective interests of the collective caucuses, which include both the American Indian and Latino caucuses. Through the coordinated efforts of social work professionals of color and the NASW, professionals from underrepresented groups have a voice and improved access to resources as well as an increased level of professionalism across the organization.

[Q5] Which social work pioneer worked alongside Jane Addams, and established what was originally known as South Side Community Service in Chicago?

1. Mary Richmond 2. Ada S. McKinley [correct] 3. Rafael Aguirre 4. Thomas Malthus [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Mary Richmond was the well-known leader of the Charity Organization Society (COS) movement in the United States.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Ada S. McKinley was a social activist and reformer who founded South Side Community Services in 1920, which was later renamed the South Side Settlement House (SSSH). Although

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it was one of thirty-five settlement houses in Chicago at that time, it was the only one fully staffed by Blacks. McKinley was active during the Chicago Race Riots of 1919. She worked side-by-side with Jane Addams and other settlement house founders and workers to advocate for peace and unity. In 1952, SSSH was renamed Ada S. McKinley Community Services, Inc, and a new building was opened shortly thereafter.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Rafael Aguirre worked in child protective services and as an administrator in mental health and family services in Texas. His cross-cultural practice cemented his contributions to the profession as an advocate for human rights, social, economic, and environmental justice.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Thomas Malthus was an economic philosopher and clergyman, not a social worker. He argued that relief for the poor contributed to overpopulation and that surplus population would result in disaster.

Learning Objective 3.3: Identify and describe three contrasting periods of American social welfare policy in the twentieth century.

[Q1] In 1974, public assistance maintenance programs for individuals who were blind, elderly, and persons with disabilities were combined into one program known as _______________.

1. Social Security Disability (SSD) 2. Supplemental Security Income (SSI) [correct] 3. State Supplementary Payment (SSP) 4. Title XIX/Medicaid [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] SSD pays benefits to individuals and certain family members if the person worked long enough—and recently enough—and paid Social Security taxes on earnings.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] SSI was established to try to equalize benefits across the United States and to help remove stigma for those receiving the benefit. SSI is funded and administered by the federal government, and applications are handled by federal Social Security offices. Many people receiving SSI also qualify for Title XIX/Medicaid for medical coverage.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The SSI State Supplemental Payment (SSP) provides a small supplement to recipients of federal Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and some non-SSI recipients who are low-income persons with disabilities and older adults with limited resources to pay their living expenses.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Medicaid program was authorized by Title XIX of the Social Security Act Amendments of 1965 signed into law by President Lyndon Johnson. Medicaid is a joint state-federal program to provide health care to individuals who have low incomes, including persons with disabilities.

States must meet certain requirements to receive matching funds from the federal government to participate. The match rate is based on the poverty level within the state.

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[Q2] Which of the following was a provision of the 1935 Social Security Act? 1. Employer-sponsored health insurance 2. Public assistance [correct] 3. Special education services 4. Women‘s right to vote [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Employer-sponsored health insurance was not a provision of the Social Security Act of 1935.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Public assistance, formerly known as ―welfare‖, and now referred to as Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), was a provision of the Social Security Act of 1935.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The Education of Handicapped Children Act was passed in 1975 and was the first formal legislation to require special education services for children in public schools. The law was amended and renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Women won the right to vote in 1920.

[Q3] In 1996, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWOA): 1. Ended the AFDC and entitlements to government assistance of poor children and their mothers [correct] 2. Increased the minimum wage nationwide 3. Established the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program 4. Established Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The PRWOA dismantled AFDC in its entirety. The new program that replaced AFDC is Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and mandates that states require parents to work after two years of assistance, and that assistance cannot exceed five years in a parents‘ lifetime.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] PRWOA did not change the minimum wage.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] SSI was established as part of the Social Security Act Amendments of 1965 by President Lyndon Johnson.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] AFDC was established by the Social Security Act of 1935 as a grant program to enable states to provide cash welfare payments for needy children who had been deprived of parental support or care.

[Q4] Which federal legislation drastically reduced eligibility for food stamp assistance?

1. Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) 2. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) 3. Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWOA) [correct] 4. Section VIII [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The WIC program is administered by the federal government to provide supplemental nutrition to pregnant and breast-feeding women and their children up to age 5.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] SNAP is the federal program that replaced the food stamp program.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] In 1996, the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWOA) enacted large cuts in food stamp availability, cutting the program‘s funding by nearly $28 million over the six-year period to follow. Today some states have enacted even more stringent eligibility laws, requiring a significant work record to qualify.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Section VIII is the federal housing choice voucher program is the major program for assisting very low-income families, the elderly, and individuals with disabilities to afford decent, safe, and sanitary housing in the private market.

[Q5] The maximum time frame to receive TANF benefits is ______.

1. two years 2. five years [correct] 3. six months 4. there is no limit [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] States must require parents to work after 24 months of assistance. When parents work, the state may, but is not required to, provide child care assistance.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Under TANF, states are not allowed to assist anyone for longer than five years in that person‘s lifetime.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Six months would be far too short a timeframe to see measurable improvement in an individual‘s financial situation. Thus, TANF allows for a longer period to receive benefits in a single person‘s lifetime.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Under the former AFDC legislation, individuals could receive benefits for an unlimited length of time. This is no longer the case with TANF. Learning Objective 3.4: Discuss American social welfare policy in the twenty-first century and identify the societal values it reflects.

[Q1] Under the PRWOA, which provision allowed for public funds to be used for religiously oriented social service programs?

1. Nondiscrimination 2. Separation of church and state 3. Laissez-faire 4. Charitable choice language [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Nondiscrimination means that individuals and organizations do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, religion, or sex.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The separation of church and state is the first clause in the U.S. Bill of Rights. It protects everyone's right to practice the religion of their choice or no religion at all, as long as they don't harm others.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Laissez-faire is an economic philosophy in which the government should not interfere in the ―natural functioning‖ of the market by imposing interference such as taxes. The market should be allowed to perform solely according to the influences of supply and demand.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Charitable choice language in the PRWOA broadened eligibility to allow public funding for church-sponsored programs that incorporated pervasive religious content. Prior to PRWOA, legislation did allow for public funds to be awarded to religiously oriented programs, but the social services were separated from religious proselytizing.

[Q2] Which program lifts more children and families out of poverty today than any other federal program?

1. Earned Income Tax credit (EITC) [correct] 2. Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) 3. Supplemental Security Income

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4. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Yes, the EITC lifts more children and families out of poverty than all other federal programs, including TANF. However, a consequence of this program is that businesses are allowed to keep wages low which has resulted in higher profits for owners at the expense of the average taxpayer.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] AFDC was established by the Social Security Act of 1935 as a grant program to enable states to provide cash welfare payments for needy children who had been deprived of parental support or care.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] SSI was established to try to equalize benefits across the United States and to help remove stigma for those receiving the benefit. SSI is funded and administered by the federal government, and applications are handled by federal Social Security offices. Many people receiving SSI also qualify for Title XIX/Medicaid for medical coverage.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program provides states and territories with flexibility in operating programs designed to help low-income families with children achieve economic self-sufficiency. States use TANF to fund monthly cash assistance payments to lowincome families with children, as well as a wide range of services.

[Q3] Identify one risk of promoting the provision of social services by faith-based organizations.

1. Religious groups do not pay taxes 2. These groups are exempt from employment nondiscrimination laws [correct] 3. They are exempt from paying unemployment benefits 4. They only provide services to people of the same religious affiliation [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Churches not paying taxes is not a risk, because they often use their funds to support social service functions. Churches that meet the requirements of IRC Section 501(c)(3) are automatically considered tax exempt and are not required to apply for and obtain recognition of tax-exempt status from the IRS. [Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Religious groups are exempt from employment nondiscrimination laws. As a result, they can (and some do) withhold services to clients based on sexual orientation or race (among others).

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Although unfortunate for any employees of the church, churches not paying unemployment benefits is not a risk for social services.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Faith-based organizations may choose to only serve individuals of the same affiliation, but many provide services to people of any (or no) religious affiliation to the provide organization.

[Q4] The economic recession in 2008 led to _____________ in charitable giving, but the trend has shifted to include ____________ in giving since 2019.

1. decrease, stability 2. increase, decrease 3. stability, increase 4. decrease, increase [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Charitable giving fell by 6% in 2009. It has steadily risen since then, up to an historical high of charitable giving in 2019.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Charitable giving fell after the 2008 recession and has been rebounding since then.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Charitable giving fell after the 2008 recession but has been increasing since that time.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Charitable giving fell by 6% in 2009. In 2019, charitable giving rose to its highest levels in history.

Learning Objective 3.5: Understand current social, economic, and environmental justice efforts.

[Q1] Which members of the United Nations have not yet ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child?

1. Brazil and Italy 2. The United States and Somalia [correct] 3. Canada and the United States 4. Rwanda and Greece [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Brazil and Italy have both ratified the UN Convention on the rights of the Child.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] All member-nations of the UN except Somalia and the United States have ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. In addition, the United States is the only industrialized nation that does not guarantee prenatal care for women who are pregnant.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Canada has ratified the UN Convention on the rights of the Child. The United States has not.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Rwanda and Greece have both ratified the UN Convention on the rights of the Child.

[Q2] Which of the following is a priority area of focus for The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) at this time?

1. Child labor 2. Peace and social justice [correct] 3. Capital punishment 4. Alcohol and other drug addictions (AODA) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] While an important issue globally, child labor is not a current priority issue for NASW. [Feedback for Correct Answer 2] NASW continues to focus its efforts and recourses on peace and social justice issues.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Capital punishment is not a priority for NASW at this time.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] NASW is not currently focused on AODA issues.

[Q3] According to the text, which country invests nearly twice the percentage of its gross domestic product (GPD) in social expenditures as the United States?

1. France 2. Japan 3. Mexico 4. Sweden [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] France spends 31% of its GDP on social expenditures. The United States spends 19%.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Japan spends 28% of its GDP on social expenditures. The United States spends 19%.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Mexico, as a developing nation, spends a mere 8% of its GDP on social expenditures. The United States spends 19%.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Sweden provides for highly subsidized publicly owned housing, 60 days of annual leave for sick child care, and universal (virtually free) health care, and paid parental leave for both men and women, just to name a few benefits. Despite financial hardship since the 2008 economic crisis, poverty is still rare in Sweden. They spend approximately 35% of their GDP on social expenses.

[Q4] In the United States., most taxpayer dollars are used to fund __________.

1. education 2. military [correct] 3. housing 4. energy and the environment [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] 10% of U.S. taxpayer dollars fund public education.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] 47% of U.S. taxpayer dollars fund the military.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] 6% of U.S. taxpayer dollars pay for housing and community efforts.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] 3% of U.S. taxpayer dollars fund energy and the environment.

[Q5] Which social work professional organization introduced environmental policy into its publications in 2000?

1. Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) 2. Association of Asocial Work Boards (ASWB) 3. National Association of Social Workers (NASW) [correct] 4. National Association of Black Social Workers (NABSW) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) is responsible for setting the educational policies and accreditation standards (EPAS) for Bachelor and Master-level social work programs in colleges and universities across the United States. The 2015 EPAS is the first in which environmental justice was included, making it mandatory that educational programs incorporate content into curriculum across all coursework.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The ASWB is responsible for writing the national licensure exam for BSW and MSW level social workers.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) issued a policy statement specific to the environment and added ―Environmental Policy" to the 5th edition of Social Work Speaks in 2000.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The NABSW is a professional social work organization which supports social workers of color across the United States.

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Chapter 3 Application Exercises Application Exercise 3.1: Using Social History to Inform Present Day Practices Learning Objective 3.2: Debate contrasting societal values and their effect on relief programs in the United States.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 3.2 to answer the following question: This video details the roots of the social work profession in the United States. Why is it important for social work professionals to be aware of the history of social welfare?

[Q1 Model Response] Students must acknowledge that the foundation of the social work profession and other helping professions is built upon pioneers such as Jane Addams. Many of the skills taught in programs today are rooted in the historical efforts of Jane Addams and her colleagues. Examples in the video identify ways in which the roots of the profession still apply today when working across all system levels, including case management on the individual (micro) level, and advocacy for individuals as well as policy change (macro level).

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 3.2 to answer the following question: Explain how social work professionals work with immigrants to promote self-sufficiency and how these skills reflect early efforts of the Settlement House Movement.

[Q2 Model Response] Responses should include the following:  Self-sufficiency is achievable only if practitioners equip clients with the tools needed to become self-sufficient.  Holistic approach to meeting immigrant clients‘ needs (i.e., housing, education, job training, money management, and child care).  Need for practitioners to work across system levels (micro, mezzo, and macro) to meet individual needs and change social policy to provide greater access to services to meet basic needs.

Application Exercise 3.2: Social Work Practice in Faith-Based Agencies Learning Objective 3.4: Discuss American social welfare policy in the twenty-first century and identify the societal values it reflects.

[Q1] Scenario: Harmony of Healing is a multifocus clinic in a mid-sized city in the central United States. The clinic is housed in a Christian church and is a shining example of how the teachings of Christianity, compassion toward the sick, and selfless service to those in need are molded into everyday practice. Free services are provided by a team of dedicated volunteer physicians, dentists, and students who are Christian to those in need regardless of faith or religion. The medical examination rooms, dental treatment rooms, counseling offices, social services offices, and food pantry are active Monday through Saturday. The facility provides treatment in internal

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medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics, mental health, neurology, pediatrics, gynecology, preventative medicine, and dentistry. Medical graduates, dental school students, mental health counseling students and BSW and MSW level social work students all serve as interns in the clinic.

Question: What are your initial impressions of the Harmony of Healing Clinic? How might your knowledge of the clinic‘s services facilitate a social worker‘s ability to meet the needs of their clients?

[Q1 Model Response] Students might consider the following in their responses: it is tremendous that a team of medical professionals is willing to provide free services to community members in a number of different specializations for no cost. Supporting a clinic like this cannot be easy, so where does their funding come from? It is impressive that the practitioners and interns provide services to anyone in the community regardless of faith or religion. This truly is selfless service and compassion toward the sick. Given the cost of healthcare and insurance, it is too bad there are not more models of this type of service in communities all around the United States. A social worker would be able to assess client needs and provide services as appropriate, refer clients to services within the clinic, or refer clients to outside organizations for further resources and services.

[Q2] What are strengths associated with not limiting services to the same faith as the agency? How might knowledge of Harmony of Healing Clinic‘s approach to care help a social work professional connect clients to the services they need?

[Q2 Model Response] By not limiting services based on faith, the clinic truly is dedicating itself to serving the sick who are in greatest need. It also helps to break down barriers and stereotypes associated with faith and religion especially faiths that are in the minority in the United States. This holistic approach demonstrates the universal tenets that cross the major religions of the world like community, humility, equality, and respect for others, reflecting the commonalities rather than differences associated with the major world religions.

Application Exercise 3.3: The Impact of Social Work Values on Governmental Policy Learning Objective 3.5: Understand current social, economic, and environmental justice efforts.

[Artifact] Box 3.5 Government Social Policy versus Social Work Values [Q1] Use Box 3.5: Government Social Policy versus Social Work Values to answer the following question: Explain the position of The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) on how government policies impact people.

[Q1 Model Response] NASW promotes that government must play a role in achieving economic justice, eliminating poverty, and improving the lives of all persons, paying special attention to those who are of low-

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income status. NASW believes that the government must set policies to provide universal access to comprehensive health care, a family-supporting minimum wage, sufficient affordable housing, and free high-quality public education for everyone.

[Q2] Use Box 3.5: Government Social Policy versus Social Work Values to answer the following question: The NASW Code of Ethics requires social workers to engage in social and political action. How might social workers adhere to this standard when advocating for change in government policies?

[Q2 Model Response] Responses might include the following:  Social workers must engage in social and political action to ensure all people have equal access to the resources, employment, services, and opportunities they require to meet their basic human needs and to live a full life.  Social workers are mandated to be aware of the impact of the political arena on practice and must advocate for changes in policy and legislation to improve social conditions to meet basic human needs and promote social justice.  Social workers should act to expand choice and opportunity for all people, with special regard for vulnerable, disadvantaged, oppressed, and exploited people and groups.

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Chapter 3 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families replaced which former income maintenance program?

A. General Relief B. Food Stamps C. Emergency grants D. Aid to Families with Dependent Children 2. Under the Elizabethan Poor Law of 1601, able-bodied poor could be forced into A. workhouses.

B. almshouses.

C. vagrancy.

D. indoor relief.

3. Those who endorse the residual approach to social welfare believe that people should normally be able to A. meet all their needs through their own family or through the job market.

B. get welfare to assist them in times of difficulty.

C. have food and shelter provided during periods of income interruption or reduction.

D. be given cash or vouchers for all their needs.

4. The institutional conception of social welfare is based on the belief that A. formal assistance should be available only after all other institutions in society have failed.

B. social welfare services are earmarked for those without families.

C. institutions will need more assistance than individuals and families.

D. social welfare services are normal, first-line functions of modern industrial society.

5. After the American Revolution, relief of the poor became a prerogative of A. state government.

B. federal government.

C. local church councils.

D. county agencies.

6. In The Wealth of Nations, Adam Smith in 1776 argues in favor of the principle of A. manifest destiny.

B. laissez-faire.

C. selective taxation.

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D. social paternalism.

7. Early methods of organization, investigation, and written records, which proved to be useful in social welfare work, were developed by A. The Red Cross.

B. Settlement houses.

C. Charity Organization Societies.

D. Freedmen‘s Bureau.

8. The settlement house movement involved A. the residual approach to social welfare.

B. the evangelical mission of churches.

C. newly obtained federal support of social agencies.

D. the concept of self-help and mutual aid.

9. Which of the following is a U.S. law which supports the concept of ―less eligibility‖ as discussed in your text?

A. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) B. Speenhamland Act C. Settlement Act of 1662 D. New Poor Law 10. Which social work pioneer worked alongside Jane Addams, and established what was originally known as South Side Community Service in Chicago?

A. Mary Richmond B. Ada S. McKinley C. Rafael Aguirre D. Thomas Malthus 11. The SNAP (Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) is administered by the United States Department of A. Health and Human Services.

B. Welfare.

C. Revenue.

D. Agriculture.

12. The purpose of the major welfare bill passed in the closing days of the Reagan administration (1988) was to A. allow unemployed mothers to remain at home with their children.

B. force mothers who had remained on AFDC into the job market.

C. increase benefit levels for mothers and children.

D. ensure salaries greater than minimum wage for those getting off welfare.

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13. The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act eliminated which of the following programs?

A. Aid to Families with Dependent Children B. Earned Income Tax Credit C. Women, Infants, and Children D. General Assistance 14. Privatization of government social services is based on what political philosophy?

A. Liberal Democratic B. Conservative C. Far Left D. Radical 15. ________ and Somalia are the only nations that have refused to ratify the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child.

A. Japan B. Sweden C. China D. The United States Essay Questions 1. Compare and contrast the type of services provided by the early Charity Organization Society (COS) and the settlement houses.

2. Explain the effects of the Elizabethan Poor Law. 3. Both residual and institutional approaches influence the nature of our social welfare system. Compare and contrast these two perspectives.

4. Describe the limitations inherent in the current income maintenance programs.

5. Discuss the ramifications of the faith-based approach to social welfare.

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Chapter 3 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. D (see page 96, section titled ―Welfare Reform‖) 2. A (see page 84, section titled ―The Elizabethan Poor Law and the Act of Settlement‖) 3. A (see page 82, section titled ―Social Welfare Concepts: Residual versus Institutional‖) 4. D (see page 82, section titled ―Social Welfare Concepts: Residual versus Institutional‖) 5. A (see page 85, section titled ―A Multicultural Approach to Social Welfare in the United States‖) 6. B (see page 86, section titled ―Values‖) 7. C (see page 87, section titled ―The Charity Organization Society and the Settlement House Movement‖) 8. D (see page 87, section titled ―The Charity Organization Society and the Settlement House Movement‖) 9. A (see page 85, section titled ―Next Chapter Concepts in Poor Law‖) 10. B (see page 88, section titled ―The Multicultural History of the Social Work Profession in the United States‖) 11. D (see page 94, section titled ―Food Stamps/SNAP and Other Federal Voucher Programs‖) 12. B (see page 96, section titled ―Welfare Reform‖) 13. A (see page 96, section titled ―Welfare Reform‖) 14. B (see page 99, section titled ―Privatization‖) 15. D (see page 101, section titled ―An Update on Social, Economic, and Environmental Justice‖ Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see page 87 section titled ―The Charity Organization Society and the Settlement House Movement‖): a. COS believed people were unworthy of help and should be carefully vetted before they were determined eligible. b. Central registry was initiated to ensure people did not access assistance from more than one resource. c. Principal form of help was ―moral uplift.‖ d. Upscale women volunteered. e. Settlement House movement involved the ideas of mutual-aid and self-help. f.

Settlement house workers lived in low-income areas with the people they served.

g. Settlement House staff also engaged in advocacy for better working conditions and better sanitation. h. Advocacy for protective legislation for women and children

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2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see page 84 section titled ―The Elizabethan Poor Law and the Act of Settlement‖): a. Law established who was eligible for which services. b. Geared toward social control. c. Taxpayers did not want to support poor people. d. Forced poor people into certain areas of communities where services were lacking or nonexistent.

3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see page 82, section titled ―Social Welfare Concepts: Residual versus Institutional‖): a. Social welfare is intended to assist people in meeting their basic needs and promotes harmony and stability in the wider society. b. Residual approach promotes that people should only receive formal assistance after their own efforts and those of family and the job market have failed. c. Assistance is considered a temporary emergency measure. d. Institutional approaches to social welfare view services as routine and normal. e. Services should be administered without stigma.

4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 97–98, section titled ―Social Welfare Policy in the Twenty-First Century‖): a. TANF is an eligibility-based program with a lifetime maximum benefit of 5 years. b. The EITC helps lift families out of poverty, but it also subsidizes businesses by allowing them to keep wages low and reap higher profits.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see page100, section titled ―The Faith-Based Approach to Social Welfare‖): a. Faith-based organizations are exempt from employment nondiscrimination laws. b. Most faith-based organizations are able to support stop-gap measures of assistance but are not designed for large numbers of people over extended periods of time. c. The government can ignore responsibility to care for its neediest people and divert that tax revenue to other areas like military spending.

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The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction Chapterto4Social Work and Social Welfare

Test Item File Eight Edition Mary Ann Suppes

Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 4: Family and Children’s Services Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

16

Test Items

19

Test Answer Key

22

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Chapter 4: Family and Children’s Services Chapter 4 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 4.1: Describe evidence, historical and contemporary, for the need for child protective services.

[Q1] One of many strengths of Black families is that____________.

1. mutual aid extends beyond nuclear family boundaries [correct] 2. kinship ties are reserved only for nuclear family members 3. elders in the family are placed into care provided by people other than family 4. children are expected to move out of the family home as young adults to pursue their adult lives including education, relationships, career, etc.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Assistance is often offered to extended family, friends, and neighbors. This support network sustains these families and builds bonds across family ties. The example of La Tanya Tracy and her family in the chapter case study shows how an extended family network was critical for their survival.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The support structure is not restricted to only kin.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The extended family support network provides assistance and support to elders in order to prevent the need for care by people other than family.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Mutual support is provided by the extended family to any member who requires shelter, food, and assistance including young adults. There is not an expectation that they move out and become independent as young adults.

[Q2] Which of the following led to the reconvening of its workgroup every 10 years since its inception, until the tradition was ended during the Reagan administration?

1. 1865 Freedman‘s Bureau 2. Late 1800s Charity Organization Society 3. 1909 White House Conference on Children [correct] 4. 1974 Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Freedman‘s Bureau was established before the end of the Civil War in anticipation of enormous human need that would follow. The Freedman‘s Bureau distributed food, clothing, and medical supplies.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The Charity Organization Society served as the forerunner of today‘s family service agencies.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] As public debate raged on regarding the use of orphanages versus foster homes for needy children, key contributors to child welfare and the social work profession, including Jane Addams, attended the inaugural White House Conference on Children in 1909. The conference was held every 10 years through the Nixon administration and was discontinued during the Reagan era.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act mandated formalized public services to protect children, providing funding to states and establishing a national Center on Child Abuse.

[Q3] If Ruby Bell Lowe would have experienced this exhaustion from caring for her grandchild (Case Study 4.1), in the 1940s, what would have been the best option for support and help that would keep the family intact?

1. Contact Child Protective Services and work with her granddaughter‘s case worker 2. Allow one of the nation‘s Children‘s Aid Societies to care for the child 3. Work with the state public welfare agency that partners with the federal Children‘s Bureau [correct] 4. Leave the child in the courtyard of the neighborhood church to let them care for and raise her [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Formalized child protective services in each state were not mandated until the passage of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act of 1974, providing states with funds to develop child abuse and protective service programs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] With no public support to deal with child welfare in the late 1800s, private Children‘s Aid Societies sprang up in cities all across the country to address the need. One way they addressed the challenge of abandoned children was through ―orphan trains,‖ sending children to farmers in rural America.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The passage of the Social Security Act in 1935 formalized government‘s role in providing protective services for children. It authorized the Children‘s Bureau to work with state public welfare agencies to strengthen child protective services.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Many religions from early historical times have stressed the importance of caring for needy children. A portion of church revenues was set aside for this purpose as early as the second and third centuries, so it was common practice during this time to abandon children in churchyards or at church gates.

[Q4] What is one reason why the United States has not ratified the 1954 Declaration of the Rights of a Child into law?

1. All states have eliminated corporal punishment in schools.

2. Children under 18 cannot be jailed for life without parole.

3. Both conservative and liberal politicians are in support of ratifying it.

4. Fear that the government would be required to house and feed all children. [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Corporal punishment still exists in a third of the states and violates the right to protection from cruel treatment.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Many states allow children under 18 to be jailed for life without parole especially for violent crimes. Ratifying the Declaration of the Rights of the Child may conflict with these laws.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] President Obama attempted to ratify the Declaration of the Rights of the Child but the efforts were blocked by a conservative Congress.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Conservative legislators fear ratifying the convention might require the government to develop programs assuring that all American children have enough to eat and a place to live.

Learning Objective 4.2: List and briefly describe seven in-home social work services and five out-of-home services for families in need.

[Q1] Which of the following IS NOT a stand-alone example of financial assistance to families who qualify under TANF programs: 1. Food Stamps (SNAP) 2. Subsidized School Lunch 3. Daycare [correct] 4. Rent Assistance [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Food Stamps are a financial assistance program in the form of a voucher to families who qualify under TANF programs to purchase food.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Subsidized school lunch programs are designed to provide a lunch to students who qualify under TANF programs. Many school districts provide this program throughout the year even when school is not in session.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Daycare is not considered a financial assistance program in and of itself. For families receiving TANF benefits there may be a childcare subsidy, but there is no national requirement for it and many states have lengthy waiting lists for childcare offered under TANF programs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Rent assistance is a financial assistance program to cover the cost of housing especially in cities that have escalated rental costs. This program is coordinated by the US Department of Housing and Urban Development.

[Q2] The setting that provides the least amount of interference with normal life patterns yet provides the most important and needed services for families at risk is_____.

1. institutional care 2. least restrictive environment [correct] 3. group home 4. foster care [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Institutional placement is an out-of-home option for the care of minor children. As an out-ofhome service, it does not provide the least amount of interference with normal life patterns.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The least restrictive environment for families is most often in-home. Out-of-home services are implemented when the safety and well-being of family members is at risk if they were to be left in the family home, and/or in-home services have been ineffective in the past.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Group homes are a type of out-of-home service designed to provide temporary housing that may exist for any number of reasons. Group homes do not provide the least amount of interference with normal life patterns.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Foster care is a type of out-of-home service that provides temporary housing either formally through a government agency or informally with an extended family member. It does not provide the least amount of interference with normal life patterns.

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[Q3] Which of the following is an in-home service typically employed after all other assistance to troubled families has failed?

1. Protective services 2. Family therapy 3. Homemaker services 4. Family preservation [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Protective services are designed to shield children from maltreatment, including both abuse and neglect. Protective services workers usually begin by investigating and monitoring a referred child‘s own home.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Family therapy is a service available to families experiencing many kinds of distress. Although it usually is conducted in professional offices, it is considered an in-home service because it assists family members to live together more safely and harmoniously.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Homemaker services may be provided to families in which one member is too ill, too old, or too emotionally unstable to carry out normal household tasks. Such services may also be provided on a short-term basis to care for children when a parent is temporarily absent.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Family preservation services are designed to help families that have been reported to public authorities for problems of abuse and/or neglect when the children are at immediate risk of outof-home placement.

[Q4] What is the purpose of the Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978?

1. To help keep American Indian children with American Indian families [correct] 2. To provide family therapy services to American Indian families 3. To find adoption placements with non-Native American Indian families 4. To place native American Indian children into federally funded Indian boarding schools.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Because a very high number of Native American Indian children were being removed from their homes and placed for adoption with non-Native American Indian families, Congress passed the Indian Child Welfare Act in 1978 to help keep American Indian children with American Indian families. This was both for the children‘s sake and to promote the integrity and stability of Indian tribes and nations as a whole.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Family therapy was one component of the Act but was not the central focus.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The purpose of the Act was not to adopt Native children to non-Native families.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Act did not support continued use of Indian Boarding Schools.

[Q5] How did Lauren White provide client self-determination for LaTanya Tracy‘s mother, Natasha, in the case study?

1. She set goals for Natasha because Natasha was unable to do this herself.

2. She created an action plan without input from Natasha.

3. She pointed out the problems that Natasha needed to address.

4. She listened respectfully to Natasha. [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Self-determination is the clients‘ right to make their own decisions to the greatest extent possible under the circumstances. With the issues with substance abuse, Lauren helped Natasha sort out her own goals.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Self-determination is the clients‘ right to make their own decisions to the greatest extent possible under the circumstances. With the issues with substance abuse, Lauren helped Natasha create a plan of action that would solve many of the problems.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Self-determination is the clients‘ right to make their own decisions to the greatest extent possible under the circumstances. With the issues with substance abuse, Lauren helped Natasha identify the problems in her life that needed to be addressed.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Self-determination is the clients‘ right to make their own decisions to the greatest extent possible under the circumstances. Lauren listened respectfully to Natasha in order to help her identify problems to address, set goals, and create an action plan to solve the problems.

Learning Objective 4.3: Identify and discuss four important family issues and four special family forms or types.

[Q1] Which theory posits that caregivers who are consistently available and responsive to their infants‘ needs create secure foundations for their children to begin to explore the world?

1. Posttraumatic stress 2. Reproductive rights 3. Attachment [correct] 4. Climate change

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not a theory. This is a condition that plagues many returning veterans who have served in combat. Major symptoms include hyper-alertness, anxiety, depression, substance abuse, nightmares, flashbacks, and suicidal thoughts. It is also applicable to individuals who have suffered serious trauma.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Reproductive rights are not a part of a theory. Reproductive rights deal with a woman‘s right to choose whether to carry a fetus to birth. The political discussions around reproductive rights impact access to birth control including abortions and a woman‘s ability to make decisions about her own body.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Attachment theory describes the importance of long-term relationships in people‘s lives especially children. Caregivers who are consistently available and responsive to their infant‘s needs create secure foundations for their children to begin to explore the world.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Climate change is a theory that suggests the continued production of high levels of carbon dioxide by man-made actions is increasing air and water temperatures, leading to changes in weather patterns, climate, and regional environments.

[Q2] What is one unique challenge that mixed race children face?

1. With which racial background do they identify [correct] 2. How do they decide the type of occupation to pursue 3. What clothes are they going to wear 4. How can they learn about their cultural heritage [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Children who are mixed race do have a unique challenge associated with racial and cultural identification. Since family members may no longer associate with the parents due to the interracial relationship, this can impact children‘s cultural identity and cause confusion when navigating complex cultural differences between the extended families.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Choosing an occupation is not a unique challenge for mixed race children. Just like children from any cultural background, deciding the type of occupation to pursue is dependent on opportunities to explore careers through education starting in K-12 and to pursue the pathways through financial means.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Choosing clothes to wear is not a unique challenge for mixed race children. Regardless of race or culture, economic well-being of the family plays a role in deciding what clothes to wear.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Learning about one‘s cultural heritage is not a unique challenge for mixed race children. Any minority group like native Indian Americans, African Americans or Asian Americans find learning about one‘s cultural heritage more challenging because of the lack of content and coverage in America‘s K-12 schools.

[Q3] What has been one of the celebrations of the Deferred Action for Child Arrivals (DACA) program for children who are brought to the United States by their parents without proper documentation?

1. It has created lawsuits to challenge the legality of the program.

2. It has prevented children of illegal immigrants from pursuing a college degree.

3. It has created a loss of revenue for the government through unpaid taxes.

4. It has provided the right to work legally, leading to livable wages in good careers. [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Due to the policy differences associated with immigration between the major political parties in the United States, lawsuits have been brought by both sides to challenge the legality of the DACA program. This is not one of the celebrations of the program.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] DACA has given ―child arrivals‖ (―Dreamers‖) the opportunity to pursue college degrees. While this program is successful, there are restrictions.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Since DACA children are eligible to work, they also pay income taxes that contribute significant revenue to the nation.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The main purpose of DACA has been to give children who have been brought to the United States by their parents without proper documentation the right to work, allowing them to support themselves and family members.

[Q4] What was one of the major challenges for families with the escalation of COVID-19 in the United States?

1. The federal government provided an increase to the child tax credit.

2. Childcare became difficult to obtain due to cost and lack of options. [correct] 3. Schools provided a place for children during parent recovery from COVID-19.

4. Children received vaccines to offset the complications from COVID-19.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] In order to help offset the expensive costs of childcare, the federal government increased the child tax credit to $3000 for a child age six and older and $3600 for younger children. It also provided further financial opportunities to offset childcare costs for low-income families.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] A major challenge of COVID-19 for families was obtaining childcare at a reasonable cost. With the death of parents and other family members, typical avenues for childcare disappeared.

Children were not in school, creating challenges with work and childcare. Childcare became one of the family‘s major expenses.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] During the pandemic, schools needed to close to prevent further spread, leaving parents with even fewer options for childcare if they were trying to recover from COVID-19.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] While coming later in the vaccination process, children have been able to receive vaccines to protect themselves and others from the virus. This has led to fewer infections and quicker recovery for vaccine recipients.

[Q5] Why did the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) create a separate set of standards of practice with service members, veterans, and their families along with training modules and professional credentialing for work with military families?

1. To assess the unique needs of service members and better determine services [correct] 2. To generate revenue to support NASW projects and services 3. To simulate PTSD situations so that social workers can experience this trauma 4. To maintain the rate of suicide among veterans [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Service members, veterans and their families experience very unique challenges especially when the service members have been in combat deployments. Social workers are required to assess the needs of service members and their families, provide mental health treatment, crisisintervention services, and high-risk management. They provide advocacy and education to veterans and their families. This requires a unique set of skills that are outlined, taught, and demonstrated through the NASW program dedicated to work with military families.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] NASW serves as a nonprofit organization dedicated to the betterment of the social work profession. Programs like the one targeting military families are designed to ensure social workers have the skills and knowledge to effectively work with service members, veterans, and their families.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While the program is not designed to simulate PTSD situations, it does provide social workers with ways to assess the impact of PTSD and then consider options for treatment including crisis intervention services and high-risk management.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The goal of the program is to provide mental health treatment in order to reduce the rate of suicide for veterans. The risk of suicide is high.

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Learning Objective 4.4: Explain cultural competence and why it is so important in social work practice.

[Q1] Due to the difficulty of social workers becoming experts across all cultures and races, what is a strategy that is increasingly more important for social workers to use?

1. Pretend to know a little bit about each culture and race to make connections with clients 2. Encourage clients to get to know you and your background to build relationships 3. Consult members of the populations being served with the social workers as learners [correct] 4. Dismiss the values, history, customs, and language of the client being served [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers practice from a code of ethics that requires practitioners to use integrity.

Pretending to know about a client‘s culture is not a good way to build trust and demonstrate cultural competency.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] It‘s the social worker‘s responsibility to get to know the client, not the reverse. Gaining knowledge and information about a client‘s culture and race including customs and values builds cultural competence that helps the social worker better serve the client.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Consulting members of the population being served allows social workers to gain important knowledge about values, customs, history, and language to consider as clients are being served. This is an important strategy for developing relationships and building trust with clients.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Practicing cultural competence requires social workers to honor the race and culture of clients by understanding and respecting values, history, customs, and language of clients.

[Q2] How many racial groups are recognized on the U.S. census?

1. Five 2. Six [correct] 3. Eight 4. Ten [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The U.S. Census officially recognizes more than five racial groups.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The U.S. Census officially recognizes six racial groups: White, American Indian and Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islander, and Hispanic or Latino.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The U.S. Census does not officially recognize eight racial groups.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The U.S. Census officially recognizes less than ten racial groups.

[Q3] Which of the following is a conflict that social workers should avoid when working with clients of different faiths or religions?

1. Improving Family Relationships 2. Promoting the Welfare of Communities 3. Conversion to Christianity [correct] 4. Creating a series of social norms in which people treat one another equally and with respect [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Improving family relationships is a universal goal regardless of faith, spirituality, or religion.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Promoting the welfare of communities is a universal goal regardless of faith, spirituality, or religion.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Social workers MUST NOT impose their personal religious beliefs onto clients. The responsibility of a social worker is to help a client explore and clarify his or her own beliefs and values. Religious institutions, on the other hand, do promote their spiritual, moral, and philosophical beliefs to their followers.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Treating one another equally and with respect is a universal goal regardless of faith, spirituality, or religion.

[Q4] ________________ involves ‗the knowledge of a given population‘s history, values, customs, and language‘.

1. Ethnocentrism 2. Racial Identity 3. Cultural Competence [correct] 4. Race [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Ethnocentrism involves judging other cultures according to preconceptions that originate in the standards and customs of one‘s own culture. Ethnocentrism conflicts with the correct answer.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Racial identity is a sociopolitical construct that assists in understanding perspectives of a person‘s view of self-regarding his or her own racial group and other racial groups.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Racial, ethnic, and cultural diversity are quickly increasing in the United States. Social workers must consult members of the populations they serve as expert informants, with the social worker as the learner. Cultural competence embodies the knowledge and understanding of a group‘s race, ethnicity, values, history, language, and customs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Race is the idea that humans are divided into distinct groups based on the inherited physical characteristics. Race is an arbitrary construct used by culturally linked groups to justify behavior toward other groups or among themselves. Understanding the idea of race and the impact on identity and behavior is important relative to the correct answer.

[Q5] What has been a benefit of the COVID-19 epidemic for practicing social workers?

1. Learn new self-care practices like setting appropriate boundaries and meditating [correct] 2. Experienced increased workloads with higher numbers of individuals needing services 3. Refusing to provide counseling virtually to clients 4. Encountered increased family caregiving challenges of their own with the shutdown of schools [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Many social workers adapted to the challenges through self-care strategies. With such intentional self-care practices, most social workers continued to provide important services to people who needed them.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Some social workers saw increased case loads with greater need while others lost their jobs as businesses closed as a response to the COVID-19 epidemic. Both were challenges to the social work profession.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social workers maintained the services they could with clients virtually since in-person meetings were halted. The challenge was to learn new programs and technology to use virtual platforms effectively.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Many social workers struggled with their own personal challenges like increased family caregiving with schools shut down. Taking care of personal responsibilities like family took priority over professional obligations.

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Learning Objective 4.5: Describe several shortcomings of contemporary American family policy.

[Q1] According to the text, which developed nation is the wealthiest in the world yet offers among the poorest welfare benefits?

1. Japan 2. The United States [correct] 3. China 4. France [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Japan offers one of the best welfare benefits to its citizens in the world with 22% of the Japanese GDP dedicated to social services by the government in 2019.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The United States is the wealthiest country in the world today. However, hunger and shelter needs abound for many in the United States based on public policy at every level of government.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] As a communist country, citizens do not generate wealth overall. All citizens have access to government run services like healthcare and childcare.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] France remains the most committed country in the world to social benefits with almost a third of the French GDP dedicated to social services by the government in 2019.

[Q2] Which of the following is a fundamental challenge faced by women in the workplace (and not men)?

1. Fewer vacation and sick day benefits 2. Earning less than men in every job category [correct] 3. Discrimination related to dress 4. Working longer hours [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] While the United States provides less opportunities for vacation and sick days than other Western countries, this impacts both men and women.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Today, women still earn less than their male counterparts in every job category, despite equal education, experience, etc. In addition, women frequently experience pregnancy-based discrimination in the workplace, including transfer of responsibilities and/or termination.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While women tend to deal with more discrimination in the workplace than men, it is typically for other reasons like pregnancy or gender, not the way they dress.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] While workers in the United States tend to work longer hours than people in other Western countries, this impacts both men and women.

[Q3] What is an approach that most Western industrialized nations other than the United States take to keep children out of poverty?

1. Provide universal healthcare [correct] 2. Charge noncustodial parent with crime if not paying child support 3. Avoid providing paid medical leave for care of a newborn or sick child 4. Tax parents additionally for every child they have [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Most every other Western industrialized nation provides universal healthcare to keep children and families out of poverty.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Many Western industrialized countries provide a stipend if a noncustodial parent fails to keep up with child support payments.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Many Western industrialized nations provide paid medical leave and family leave to support a newborn or sick child without loss of income.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Many Western industrialized countries provide parents with a universal nonmeans tested children‘s allowances to help keep families out of poverty.

[Q4] What is the limitation of the 1993 Family Medical Leave Act (FMLA)?

1. The law applies to any employer regardless of size.

2. Any employee can take advantage regardless of time on the job.

3. Employers are not allowed to ask for verification of illness.

4. The leave is unpaid, making it unrealistic for most families. [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] FMLA only applies to businesses that have at least 50 employees, allowing a majority of businesses to bypass the law.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] In order to qualify for family medical leave, an employee must have worked for the company for at least 12 months and at least 1250 hours. This rules out many part-time workers from the benefits of the unpaid family medical leave.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Employers can ask for certification or verification of medical need from the healthcare provider in order to grant the unpaid family medical leave.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] A major limitation of the Family Medical Leave Act is that the time is unpaid, making it unrealistic for most families to afford the time off.

[Q5] What international organization has been crucial to the survival of millions who experience food insecurity especially in developing countries?

1. NATO 2. The U.S. Congress 3. NASW 4. The United Nations [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] NATO, or the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is designed to provide freedom and security to its members through political and military means. Most European countries and the United States are members.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] While the U.S. Congress provides support for programs to prevent food insecurity in the United States, its role in providing this on an international level is limited.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While the National Association of Social Workers has been a strong advocate for the elimination of food insecurity, it does not have the resources to support millions who experience malnourishment worldwide.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The United Nations has been crucial for providing resources and support for millions who experience food insecurity. Most of this support has come through internal agencies like UNICEF and the UN World Food Program.

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Chapter 4 Application Exercises Application Exercise 4.1: The Importance of the Roots of the Social Work Profession Learning Objective 4.1: Describe evidence, historical and contemporary, for the need for child protective services.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 4.2 to answer the following question: In what ways is Jane Addams‘ example of living with and working for/with her clients contradictory to the struggles of immigrants today?

[Q1 Model Response] Students should address the fact that while we expect self-sufficiency from immigrants early on after their arrival, as communities we are not providing the same micro-level support and services as Jane Addams and her colleagues did in the past.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 4.2 to answer the following question: Why does the interviewer differentiate between Jane Addams‘ work with individuals and families from her work on a community-wide scale?

[Q2 Model Response] Students should address the fact that social work professionals work across all system levels (individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities). This work includes specific actions at the micro, mezzo, and macro levels. In addition, students should consider the interaction between the various levels and the development of a foundation of service that applies to all levels of practice. Jane Addams worked with individuals to effect change in their lives and used those experiences to work toward collective community change.

Application Exercise 4.2: The Ethics Around Self-Determination and Duty to Report with Families Learning Objective 4.2: List and briefly describe seven in-home social work services and five out-of-home services for families in need.

[Q1] Scenario: Fifteen-year-old Josh has been selling marijuana, making about $700 weekly(cash) to support himself and his younger siblings. Josh‘s mother has been addicted to heroin for a year now and is no longer able to care for herself or her children. Josh had been working at a fastfood restaurant for $10.00 an hour but had to quit to look after his brother and sister. Selling drugs is easy, quick money for Josh. Unfortunately, he was caught dealing and may face criminal charges. He has been given the opportunity to complete a diversion program rather than facing charges and possible jail time. Josh agreed to participate in the program and has been seeing Ben, the community services agency social worker. During their most recent meeting, Ben confronted Josh about the illegal activity and asked Josh if he understands the severity of the possible charges. Josh tried to explain that he cannot work a ―typical‖ teenage job, as it does not pay enough to cover rent on their trailer, food for the three kids and mom, and put gas in his old car. Ben tells Josh that he (Ben) is required to report Josh‘s mother to authorities for child neglect. Josh begs Ben not to, explaining that child services will split up the

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kids in foster care. Josh is most concerned about keeping his siblings with him. He expresses his intent to continue selling drugs to support himself and his brother and sister. He promises to try to convince his mother to go into a rehabilitation program.

Question: How should Ben handle this dilemma with Josh, allowing him to make his own decisions (self-determination), while addressing the mother‘s neglect?

[Q1 Model Response] Answers should address some of the following: Ben MUST limit Josh‘s right to selfdetermination if Josh‘s actions pose any threat to his safety or the safety of others. Dealing drugs is dangerous business. Josh could get hurt, or worse, by others in the trade. While Josh‘s intentions are certainly noble in wanting to provide for his family and look after his mother, this is not his responsibility as a fifteen-year-old high school student. Ben is legally and ethically obligated to report Josh‘s mother to the proper authorities.

[Q2] Scenario: Fifteen-year-old Josh has been selling marijuana, making about $700 weekly(cash) to support himself and his younger siblings. Josh‘s mother has been addicted to heroin for a year now and is no longer able to care for herself or her children. Josh had been working at a fastfood restaurant for $10.00 an hour but had to quit to look after his brother and sister. Selling drugs is easy, quick money for Josh. Unfortunately, he was caught dealing and may face criminal charges. He has been given the opportunity to complete a diversion program rather than facing charges and possible jail time. Josh agreed to participate in the program and has been seeing Ben, the community services agency social worker. During their most recent meeting, Ben confronted Josh about the illegal activity and asked Josh if he understands the severity of the possible charges. Josh tried to explain that he cannot work a ―typical‖ teenage job, as it does not pay enough to cover rent on their trailer, food for the three kids and mom, and put gas in his old car. Ben tells Josh that he (Ben) is required to report Josh‘s mother to authorities for child neglect. Josh begs Ben not to, explaining that child services will split up the kids in foster care. Josh is most concerned about keeping his siblings with him. He expresses his intent to continue selling drugs to support himself and his brother and sister. He promises to try to convince his mother to go into a rehabilitation program.

Question: Ben‘s social work position requires him to address Josh‘s illegal activities and to determine if Josh will adhere to the requirement of no longer selling marijuana. How else might Ben consider assisting Josh, and are these actions ethical?

[Q2 Model Response] Ben understands his primary role in working with Josh is to prevent further illegal activity associated with the selling of drugs. However, Ben struggles with whether or not to extend his social work skills to provide additional support to Josh, his siblings, and their mother. Ben should consult with his supervisor, and with approval, collaborate with a professional colleague in child services to find a foster home that could accommodate all three children if the children must be removed from the home. Ben might also work with Josh‘s mother regarding her drug use, suggesting rehab, and connecting her with the appropriate resources to get herself clean and back on track to provide for her family. All of these behaviors are ethical. Ben‘s responsibilities do not end when Josh leaves Ben‘s office. Ben feels obligated to take a wraparound approach when working with Josh and his family. If Ben is unable to provide certain services, he is obligated to make referrals to others who may be able to help.

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Application Exercise 4.3: Family Systems, Abuse, and Child Welfare Learning Objective 4.3: Identify and discuss four important family issues and four special family forms or types.

[Q1] Use Pearson Video Example 4.3 to answer the following question: This example highlights the complexity involved in many child welfare cases. What human systems did you see impacting this child welfare case?

[Q1 Model Response] Students might consider the following information when responding. The initial interaction is the social worker with the client as an individual system. The main human system in this child welfare case is the family with abuse by the husband. While the client indicates that the husband has not been harming the children, abuse occurs when the husband has been drinking. The client also shared a history of abuse that goes back to her own father abusing her mother.

[Q2] Use Pearson Video Example 4.3 to answer the following question: What social work skills did the practitioner use to manage the mother‘s defensiveness?

[Q2 Model Response] The practitioner provided a clear, concise answer to the mother about her role in the case. She then redirected the conversation back to helping the client and her family, gathering more information about the family and husband. She used active listening skills and effective questioning to engage with the client and then shows empathy as the client shares information about her father.

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Chapter 4 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. Nine-month-old Dorothy Tracy spent much of her early childhood living with her A. grandmother.

B. father, mother, and older stepsibling.

C. mother and older sibling.

D. father and stepmother.

2. After Dorothy‘s father was imprisoned, Natasha applied for financial support from A. Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF).

B. General Assistance funds.

C. Social Security Survivor‘s Benefits.

D. Child Support Payments.

3. The protective services unit of the County Department of Social Services became involved with Dorothy following.

A. A call from the police B. A complaint from a neighbor C. A referral from Dorothy‘s doctor D. A request for help from Dorothy‘s great grandmother 4. The best professional preparation for child and family services is A. social work.

B. mental health professional.

C. psychology.

D. nurse.

5. The goal of in-home services is to A. offer services in the client‘s own home.

B. provide financial assistance.

C. assist families in staying together.

D. adoption and foster care.

6. The primary goal of the 1993 Family Preservation and Support Services Act was to A. sanction child abusers.

B. remove children from their homes.

C. investigate foster homes.

D. strengthen families through new services.

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7. In 2020, approximately what percentage of households with children were food insecure?

A. 5% B. 15% C. 45% D. 65% 8. Many who enrolled in the TANF program have been sanctioned because they were unable to meet the state‘s required work or training requirements due to A. lack of education.

B. lack of health coverage.

C. lack of child care coverage.

D. lack of transportation.

9. Which of the following is an out-of-home family and children‘s service generally provided or set up by a social worker?

A. Family life education B. Foster care C. Family therapy D. Financial aid 10. Under difficult and sometimes hostile conditions, African Americans in need have historically relied on A. extended family and mutual aid.

B. federal government support services.

C. community government intervention.

D. TANF stipends.

11. This movement was a major contributor to the birth of the social work profession.

A. Self-determination B. Mutual aid C. Child welfare D. Welfare reform 12. Six years after the Obergefell v. Hodges decision, what percentage of Americans supported gay marriage in a 2021 Gallup poll?

A. 30% B. 50% C. 70% D. 90%

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13. Who related the following: ―... you can take a basically scientific stance toward life and still legitimately claim that, using rigorous kinds of scientific procedures, the human mind shows properties that underlie what we think of as spiritual‖?

A. Dr. Gary Schwartz B. Dr. Larry Dossey C. Dr. Dean Radin D. Dr. Charles Tart 14. In 2020, what country was the only industrialized nation with an increasing maternal death rate?

A. France B. The United States C. Japan D. Germany 15. The setting that provides the least amount of interference with normal life patterns yet provides the most important and needed services for families at risk is A. institutional care B. least restrictive environment C. group home D. foster care Essay Questions 1. From a social worker‘s perspective, describe why the judiciary system is the ―last resort‖ in services for children and their families.

2. Describe the social worker‘s role in providing foster care services.

3. Explain how Lauren White applied the principle of client self-determination in the case of Natasha Tracy.

4. Define both in-home and out-of-home services to children and families and provide at least five examples of each type of service.

5. Compare and contrast the Trump and Biden administrations‘ effects on the current trends in family and children services provided in the United States as discussed in the text.

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Chapter 4 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. C (see page 106, Case Study 4.1) 2. A (see page 106, Case Study 4.1) 3. D (see page 106, Case Study 4.1) 4. A (see page 116, section titled ―Services and Their Providers: A Continuum of Care‖) 5. C (see page 118, section titled ―In-Home Services‖) 6. D (see page 112, section titled ―The Child Welfare Movement and Protective Services Programs‖) 7. B (see page 118, section titled ―Financial Aid‖) 8. C (see page 126, section titled ―Important Family Issues and Family Types‖) 9. B (see page 121, section titled ―Out-of-Home Services‖) 10. A (see page 115, section titled ―Challenges of African American Families‖) 11. C (see page 112, section titled ―The Child Welfare Movement and Protective Services Programs‖) 12. C (see page 135, section titled ―Families with Same-Sex Parents‖) 13. D (see page 143, section titled ―Spirituality and Religion‖) 14. B (see page 144, section titled ―Family Policy‖) 15. B (see page 117, section titled ―Least Restrictive Environment‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 116–126, section titled ―Services and Their Providers: A Continuum of Care‖): a. The judicial system is the most restrictive environment. b. The goal of the social worker is to provide services to children and families in the least restrictive environment that provides the least interference with normal life patterns while providing the most important and needed services. c. All efforts should be made to provide the child and the family with residential or other treatments early in life in order to avoid detention or prison. d. Self-determination also serves as a social work value, respecting the rights of clients to make their own decisions, unless their actions create serious risk for themselves or others. Once the judicial system is involved, the client right to self-determination disappears.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 116–126, section titled ―Services and Their Providers: A Continuum of Care‖): a. The goal is to provide services in the least restrictive environment possible. Social workers should start with potential in-home services to provide support. If all in-home services have been considered or attempted with no success, then out-of-home services like foster care may be necessary.

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b. Social workers are usually the ones who conduct the foster care studies and recommend acceptance or rejection. c. Once the foster home has been accepted, social workers supervise the home, making sure there is a positive relationship between the parents and client developing. d. When problems occur in the foster home, the social worker becomes involved in solving it. e. While the foster placement is occurring, the social worker is serving the biological parents to prepare for a successful return of their child to the home.

3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 106–109, section titled ―Case Study 4.1-Dorothy Tracy, Child in Need of Protection‖‗ and pages 125–126, section titled ―Client Self-Determination and Professional Decision Making‖): a. One of the social work standards deals specifically with self-determination. This standard requires social workers to respect the client‘s right to make their own decisions—unless their actions create a serious risk for themselves or others. b. In the case study, Lauren White determined that Natasha Tracy‘s actions were posing a serious risk to herself and her children. Natasha‘s substance abuse created a substantial risk, leading to Lauren‘s intervention. c. Lauren used the ethical principle of self-determination by listening respectfully to Natasha; helping the young mother identify the problems in her life that needed to be addressed; helped her sort out her own goals; and assisted in developing a plan of action to solve many of the problems and permit the children to return home.

4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 116–126, section titled ―Services and Their Providers: A Continuum of Care‖): a. In-home care services are services provided to families to help members live together more safely and harmoniously in their own homes. Examples of in-home care services include financial aid, family life education, homemaker services, day care, family therapy, protective services, and family-based services. b. Out-of-home services are services provided to families while the family members are separated or apart for a short or long-term period of time. Family circumstances make it unsafe or unsuitable for the children to remain in the home. Examples of out-of-home services include foster care, group homes, adoption, institutional care, and the judicial system.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary but should include some of the following points (see pages 144–149, section titled ―Family Policy‖): a. Internationally, the United States lags behind other industrialized countries when it comes to government support for children and their families. For example, the United States is virtually the only Western industrialized nation that does not provide universal health care. b. Under President Trump‘s administration, the focus was on tightening eligibility requirements for social service programs like food assistance, approving tax cuts for the wealthy, creating greater gaps between the rich and poor, and adding work requirements to Medicaid programs. He bragged about cutting ―welfare dependency‖ when all he did was deny people access by increasing the eligibility requirements.

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c. Under President Biden, the focus was on investing in the United States and its people.

He introduced an Infrastructure Bill to expand access to high-speed internet and clean drinking water. He proposed the Build Back Better plan to reduce the cost of child care and increase access to home care for elderly. This was defeated in the Senate, because Republicans did not want to increase taxes on the wealthy to help pay for the costs of these programs. President Biden worked to increase the minimum wage. While Congress did not act on his bill to raise it, he increased the minimum wage for federal employees through an executive order.

Chapter 5 Test Item File The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Eight Edition

Mary Ann Suppes Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 5: Social Work in Mental Health Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

13

Test Items

16

Test Answer Key

19

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Chapter 5: Social Work in Mental Health Chapter 5 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 5.1: Discuss the knowledge, skills, and values that are needed by social workers who work in the mental health field.

[Q1] David Deerinwater, the client in the chapter case study, identified himself as belonging to which Native American group?

1. Cherokee [correct] 2. Choctaw 3. Navajo 4. Pueblo [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] David Deerinwater is a member of the Cherokee Nation. He grew up in the Goingsnake District of Oklahoma. His care following hospitalization was provided by the Cherokee Nation Health Center.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] David Deerinwater is not a member of the Choctaw Nation.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] David Deerinwater is not a member of the Navajo Nation.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] David Deerinwater is not a member of the Pueblo Nation.

[Q2] A unique contribution by social workers to a mental health team is________.

1. an official DSM-5-TR diagnosis 2. abiding by a professional code of ethics 3. disseminating patient information to family members 4. knowledge of the community and its resources [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Psychiatrists, general practitioner physicians, and psychologists are the three licensed professionals officially able to diagnose mental illness.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Professions other than social work also adhere to codes of ethics. Examples of such professionals on a mental health multidisciplinary team include nurses, physicians, and therapists (counselors, speech pathologists, and occupational therapists).

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Any member of a treatment team may be asked to provide information on a patient‘s condition and care, but only if authorized by the patient or their representative.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Social workers bring a vast knowledge of the community, its resources and its capabilities for providing appropriate services to patients. Social workers should be able to identify gaps in service systems to avoid a patient ―falling through the cracks‖.

[Q3] A professional social worker is able to provide psychotherapy after completing which minimum level of education and securing a license to practice clinical social work?

1. Bachelor of social work (BSW) 2. Master of professional counseling 3. Master of social work (MSW) [correct] 4. Doctorate of social work (DSW) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] BSW social workers are not expected to take responsibility for complex psychotherapy.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The Master of professional counseling degree, along with clinical licensure (LPC) allows counselors to provide psychotherapy.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The MSW curriculum has a generalist practice base, but most MSW programs provide an opportunity to complete a concentration in mental health or clinical social work. State licensure is also required for MSWs to practice psychotherapy. MSWs routinely provide individual, family, and group therapy as well as marriage counseling.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The DSW degree is a doctorate in the teaching of social work education. If one has an MSW and then completes a DSW, they may be able to provide psychotherapy in private practice, so long as they hold a clinical license to do so.

[Q4] Which of the following is true regarding schizophrenia?

1. It is likely diagnosed if a person is exhibiting depressive moods as well as abnormally heightened moods.

2. It involves the presence of more than one distinct personality that has manifested within the same person.

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3. It entails disorganized thinking and/or hallucinations. [correct] 4. Long-term inpatient treatment is the best option in treating schizophrenia.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Abnormal highs and lows are most often attributed to bipolar disorder.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] More than one distinct personality is a key indication of dissociative identity disorder.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] A person with schizophrenia often exhibits disorganized thinking (sometimes ―delusions‖ of being persecuted) and/or hallucinations (hearing voices, seeing things that are not really there).

Individuals with schizophrenia do not typically exhibit multiple distinct personalities, nor do they typically suffer from extreme highs and lows in their moods.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Research shows that with proper medication, therapy, and supportive services, individuals with schizophrenia are able to live independently in the community and do not require long-term hospitalization.

[Q5] A professional setting in which social work is not the primary function is known as a _______________.

1. primary setting 2. secondary setting [correct] 3. tertiary setting 4. multidisciplinary setting [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] A primary setting is one in which social work is the main focus of the organization‘s work.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Social workers are often employed in secondary settings, where the primary goals of the organization are not social work. Not only do social workers in secondary settings need conviction about their values, but they also need to acquire an understanding of the primary function of the setting that they are in. In fieldwork courses and on the job, social workers learn about the organizational context in which they work and the additional knowledge they will need to work effectively in that setting.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] A tertiary setting is one step removed from a secondary setting, where a social worker would be working in a highly specialized medical environment, such as a dialysis hospital or a specialty cancer treatment unit.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] A multidisciplinary setting is any work environment in which social workers collaborate with other professions. Social work may or may not be the primary function of the organization.

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Learning Objective 5.2: Describe and provide examples that illustrate social work practice across diverse settings and populations in mental health.

[Q1] The forced removal of the Cherokee people from the southeastern United States to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) in the 1830s is known as the______________.

1. Trail of Broken Treaties 2. Oklahoma Passage 3. Trail of Tears [correct] 4. Trail of Promises [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Although treaties were broken, the name of this removal was not the ―Trail of Broken Treaties‖.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Although the territory in which the removal took place what is modern day Oklahoma, the name of the forced removal was not the ―Oklahoma Passage‖.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] This mass removal of Native American or First Nations Peoples is known as ―The Trail of Tears‖.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Promises to the Cherokee were broken by the federal government. However, the mass removal of the Cherokee people was not named ―The Trail of Promises‖.

[Q2] The focus of a therapy group is to help people___________.

1. identify their interpersonal problems 2. change behavior and/or thinking [correct] 3. ensure medication compliance 4. cut costs for the provider to increase profit from insurance reimbursement [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Identification of interpersonal problems is most likely addressed in individual therapy work.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Therapy groups focus on helping people to change their behavior or thinking and/or to improve their coping skills.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Generally speaking, medication compliance is not a focus for group therapy practitioners or a goal of group therapy participants.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Group therapy is an effective tool to address behavioral issues and to provide alternative perspectives in thinking. Cost should not be a primary focus of the therapeutic approach.

[Q3] According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIH), which category of adults experiences the highest rates of mental illness in the United States?

1. Young adults 18–25 [correct] 2. Older adults 50–79 3. Middle adults 26–49 4. Advanced older adults 80+ [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] In 2020, 52.9 million adults, approximately 21 percent of all adults in the United States, were living with mental illness. Young adults (those age 18–25 years), had the highest prevalence of mental illness (30.6%).

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Individuals 50+ suffer from mental illness at a rate of 14.5%.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] 25% of middle adults ages 26–49 are diagnosed with mental illness.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Individuals 50+ suffer from mental illness at a rate of 14.5%. Data was not provided for advanced older adults over age 80.

[Q4] Approximately how many First Nations People died during the historic ―Trail of Tears‖?

1. 10,000 2. 2,000 3. 30,000 4. 4,000 [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Fortunately, less than half of this number (10,000) of people died during the Trail of Tears.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] More than twice the 2,000 people died during the Trail of Tears.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Approximately 18,000 Native Americans were forcibly removed from their land. It is impossible that more people died than were moved.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] According to historical documents, 18,000 Native Americans were forcibly removed from their land. Approximately 4,000 died during their forced migration and subsequent starvation and freezing temperatures.

[Q5] Which core social work value requires that social workers “build knowledge and sensitivity to diversity‖ and is a career-long process?

1. Integrity 2. Competence [correct] 3. Importance of human relationships 4. Service [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Integrity requires that social workers behave in a trustworthy manner.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Competence is an ongoing area of professional learning and development that is affirmed by the NASW Code of Ethics. If we are to develop skill in utilizing culturally appropriate interventions, we must build self-awareness and learn to appreciate our own uniqueness as well as that of each individual person that we work with.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While social workers acknowledge the importance of individuals engaging in relationships with others, this is not the correct answer.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social workers‘ primary goal is to help people in need and to address social problems. However, this is not the correct answer.

Learning Objective 5.3: Identify and describe social, economic, and environmental issues that relate to mental health globally.

[Q1] Which of the following groups of people have been identified by the WHO as being at special risk of mental health disorders internationally?

1. The top 10% of income earners 2. Perpetrators of physical and sexual abuse 3. Individuals with a college level education 4. Victims of human rights violations [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] While mental illness does not discriminate based on income, high income persons are more likely to receive top-tier care for mental and physical health concerns.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] People who commit crimes of physical or sexual abuse may have been victims themselves but are no more likely to suffer from mental illness than the general population.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While mental illness does not discriminate based on education level, those with the highest levels of education likely have the resources to seek mental health care.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The WHO‘s Mental Health Action Plan 2013–2020 required all UN member countries to take action to improve mental health. The plan identified specific groups of people at risk of developing a mental health disorder, including those experiencing human rights violations. Such violations include living in unhygienic conditions as well as physical and sexual abuse.

[Q2] Mental health practitioners must be prepared to respond to long-term emotional needs of trauma victims created by ______________________.

1. Lack of access to care 2. Toxic physical and social environments [correct] 3. Psychotropic medications 4. Inpatient hospitalizations [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] While lack of access to appropriate mental health care may be an issue for some clients, it is not a major contributing factor in addressing long-term needs of trauma victims as a result of environmental hazards.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Degraded environments sap peoples‘ energy and destroy motivation, leaving people feeling isolated and trapped. These concerns can individually or collectively lead to mental health crises for people.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Psychotropic medications are not a typical cause for long-term trauma of persons with mental illness.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Inpatient hospitalization is used as a last resort for individuals with chronic, persistent mental illness when lesser restrictive efforts have been unsuccessful. Trauma may or may not have played a role in the illness and subsequent treatment.

[Q3] Use of ―people first language‖ refers to____________.

1. identification of a person by name and life experience, rather than a diagnostic label (She suffers from schizophrenia) [correct] 2. identification of a person by his or her mental health diagnosis (He is schizophrenic)

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3. Native Americans as the first true settlers of the United States 4. European settlers who first arrived in the U.S. territories [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] People first language always refers to the person rather than a diagnosis. The premise here is that an individual is first and foremost a person, not merely a label. For example, someone suffering from cancer is not referred to as ―being cancerous‖, they are said to be ―suffering from cancer‖.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] People are so much more than a diagnosis or label; individual first, then explanation of a condition.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While Native Americans (Indigenous peoples) were the first to settle in the United States, the question refers to the use of language to define people.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] People first language always refers to the person rather than a medical or mental health diagnosis. The premise here is that an individual is first and foremost a person, not merely a label. People first language does not refer to specific ethnic backgrounds.

[Q4] What was one specific strategy of the revised World Health Organization (WHO) Mental Health Action Plan in 2021?

1. Special attention for suicide prevention among heterosexual individuals 2. Call for 25% of member countries to have developed a humanitarian emergency preparedness system by 2025 3. Call for international partners to pursue poverty-reduction strategies [correct] 4. Special attention for female and child mental health in developed countries [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The global target for reducing suicides was at-risk groups including people of all ages who identified as gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender, not heterosexuals.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The actual global target called for 80% of all countries (not 25%) to have developed a preparedness system for humanitarian emergencies and disasters by 2030 (not 2025).

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Clear recognition was given to the discrimination experienced by people with mental disorders and/or psychosocial disabilities and the reality of their circumstances as a vulnerable, marginalized group. These individuals are often mired in poverty.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] There has been no specific strategy focused on the mental health of women and children as of this time.

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Learning Objective 5.4: Trace social policy related to mental health from the colonial period of the United States to the present, paying special attention to progress within the last decade and continuing concerns for the future.

[Q1] One of the first pieces of social research ever conducted in the United States (Wilson, 1975) was the 1843 report on the status of the mentally ill in Massachusetts prepared by__________.

1. Benjamin Rush 2. Samuel Adams 3. Dorothea Dix [correct] 4. Ida Cannon [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Benjamin Rush was a Founding Father of the United States. He signed the United States Declaration of Independence and was a civic leader in Philadelphia. He was a physician, politician, social reformer, humanitarian, and an educator.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Samuel Adams was another founding father of the United States. He was the Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts from 1789 to 1794.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Dorothea Dix was an activist and reformer who taught Sunday school at the East Cambridge women‘s jail near Boston. She saw the deplorable conditions in which poor individuals with mental illness were kept. She visited every jail, prison, and almshouse in MA, and utilized her findings to influence systematic change.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Ida Cannon was responsible for developing the first social work department in a U.S. hospital.

She was Chief of Social Service at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1914 to 1945.

[Q2] The first state hospital established to treat mental illness in the United States was in________.

1. Williamsburg VA [correct] 2. Boston MA 3. Chicago IL 4. New York NY [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The first state hospital opened in Williamsburg, VA in 1773. Beliefs about mental illness held by colonists included containment, coercion, whips, and chains. Thus, it is not hard to imagine that social reform began soon after this first hospital was opened.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Worcester Lunatic Asylum, the first state hospital in Massachusetts, was built in 1833. There was actually an earlier state hospital established to treat mental illness in the U.S. [Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The State of Illinois opened its first State Hospital for the Insane in Jacksonville, Illinois in 1849.

There was actually an earlier state hospital established to treat mental illness in the U.S. [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Utica Psychiatric Center (AKA Utica State Hospital) opened in 1843 in Utica, New York.

There was actually an earlier state hospital established to treat mental illness in the U.S. [Q3] Which does the text describe as the first major piece of mental health legislation passed by the U.S. government?

1. National Mental Health Act [correct] 2. Mental Health Parity Act 3. Mental Health Systems Act 4. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (OBRA) [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The National Mental Health Act of 1946 provided federal funding for research, training, and demonstration projects to assist states in developing programs for the prevention and treatment of mental illness. The first Mental Health Parity Act was passed in 1996. The Mental Health Systems Act was passed in 1980, and OBRA was passed in 1981.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The Mental Health Parity Act was passed in 1996, making it one of the most current pieces of federal mental health legislation in the United States.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The Mental Health Systems Act was passed in 1980. There was earlier mental health legislation passed in the United States.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] OBRA was passed in 1981 but does not specifically address mental health.

[Q4] _______________ was the first social worker in the United States hired to work specifically with people suffering from serious mental illness.

1. Mary Richmond 2. Mary Cannon [correct] 3. Bertha Reynolds 4. Mary Jarrett

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Mary Richmond founded social case work. She wrote the book Social Diagnosis (1917). She researched the causes of poverty and social exclusion and the intersectionality of person and environment. Her work did not focus specifically on mental illness.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Mary Antoinette Cannon was hired by Massachusetts General Hospital in 1907 to work directly with people suffering from mental illness. Bertha Reynolds was a leader in mental health practice for social work. She was committed to fighting against war, oppression, and human degradation. Mary Jarrett was the first director of social services at the Boston Psychopathic Hospital in 1913. She is credited with having coined the phrase psychiatric social worker.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Bertha Reynolds was another social work pioneer. She completed the psychiatric social work program at Smith College and went on to teach in the program. She then became Associate Dean in 1925. She is perhaps best known for her Marxist ideals to combat poverty and racism, rather than a focus on mental illness.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Early in her social work career, Mary Jarrett worked for a children‘s charity in Boston, specializing in supporting single mothers, delinquent children, and young offenders on probation. She later organized and managed the social services at Boston Psychopathic Hospital. She is also known for having cofounded Smith College School for Social Work in 1918. Her work was not specifically focused on mental illness.

[Q5] Which consumer group has been identified as a primary ally in the fight for the availability, affordability, and continuity of mental health care in the United States?

1. American Medical Association (AMA) 2. American Psychological Association (APA) 3. Clubhouse model 4. National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The AMA is a professional association for licensed physicians. Some of its members are psychiatrists, but the work of the AMA is not dedicated to consumer advocacy around mental health.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The APA is a professional association for psychologists. Their work is centered on the research and practice of psychology. They do not directly support consumer-driven mental health advocacy efforts.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The clubhouse model is a consumer-led model of mental health recovery. A clubhouse offers people living with mental illness opportunities for friendship, employment, housing, education, and access to medical and psychiatric services in a single caring and safe environment.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Consumer groups such as NAMI continue to advocate vigorously to ensure that mental health care will remain available and will be affordable for all people in the United States. NAMI (and other groups) closely monitor all policy changes affecting future mental health care.

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Chapter 5 Application Exercises Application Exercise 5.1: Mental Health Advocacy in a Prison Setting Learning Objective 5.1: Discuss the knowledge, skills, and values that are needed by social workers who work in the mental health field.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText video Example 5.4 to answer the following question: In this example, what is the connection between the social worker‘s knowledge of mental illness and institutional policy that is impacting the client‘s current mental state?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses should address some of the following:  The worker contextualizes advocacy by connecting the client‘s current problem to policy that requires change: the client is decompensating due to segregation from other inmates and staff.  She provides additional context to the prison staff member regarding the effects of institutional policies on clients.  Research evidence is shared regarding prisoners in segregation often experiencing isolation that affects mental health, even without prior mental health history.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText video Example 5.4 to answer the following question: What specific skills does the social worker demonstrate to emphasize the importance of advocacy for policy change in the institution?

[Q2 Model Response] Responses should include the following: The social worker uses knowledge to inform her colleague about the specific client situation, the impact of the institutional policy, and best practices in the field. Throughout the discussion, she emphasizes the core value of the importance of human relationships, between herself and the staff member, as well as among the client and his peers. She maintains a collaborative position with the staff member. She is able to make recommendations to utilize established avenues of authority within the system to advocate for change.

Application Exercise 5.2: Identifying the Most Appropriate Therapeutic Intervention to Meet Client Goals Learning Objective 5.2: Describe and provide examples that illustrate social work practice across diverse settings and populations in mental health.

[Q1] Scenario: Sara is a 30-year-old who has sought counseling for depression and anxiety. During counseling, she describes how she struggles with negative self-talk and mentally chastises herself whenever she perceives she has failed. You note that she has a pattern of viewing most of her experiences through a lens of failure when her experiences could easily be reframed as valuable learning experiences.

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Question: What intervention strategy do you believe would be most effective in working with Sara and why?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses should consider which intervention strategy addresses maladaptive thinking patterns.

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) may be the best intervention strategy for Sara, since this approach focuses on identifying maladaptive thoughts and patterns of thinking, and then helping clients reframe their experiences and develop new ways of framing experiences.

[Q2] Scenario: Sara is a 30-year-old who has sought counseling for depression and anxiety. During counseling, she describes how she struggles with negative self-talk and mentally chastises herself whenever she perceives she has failed. You note that she has a pattern of viewing most of her experiences through a lens of failure when her experiences could easily be reframed as valuable learning experiences.

Question: Explain the relationship of the cognitive behavioral therapy intervention to the client‘s goals and the social worker‘s goals.

[Q2 Model Response] Sara‘s goals are the main focus for the social worker. Using CBT is a strengths-based approach to help Sara identify her patterns of negative thoughts and feelings, and then teach her other ways of identifying and describing her experiences using a strengths focus. The social worker‘s goals FOR Sara are not the focus here. The worker must allow for self-determination by encouraging Sara to articulate her goals.

Application Exercise 5.3: The Impact of the new U.S. 988 Crisis Hotline Learning Objective 5.4: Trace social policy related to mental health from the colonial period of the United States to the present, paying special attention to progress within the last decade and continuing concerns for the future.

[Artifact: Box 5.2 Crisis Hotline] [Q1] Use Box 5.2: Crisis Hotline to answer the following question: In what ways is the development of the 988 national suicide prevention hotline program aligned with social work values?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses should address some of the following points:  The professional value of service requires that social workers provide service to others to help improve people‘s lives. This aligns with the idea of having a simple to remember hotline number in order to seek emergency mental health care. The service is accessible.  Dignity and worth of the person is an important social work value. The 988 hotline allows for emergency mental health triage in order to receive additional immediate care. This is a good example of upholding the dignity and worth of each person.

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 Social justice is another social work value and reflects that the 988 number is accessible to most people and is a free call to get assistance.  Social workers must practice in a competent manner. The 988 hotline is staffed with mental health professionals trained to deal with mental health crises, thus practicing with competence.

[Q2] Use Box 5.2: Crisis Hotline to answer the following question: Since its inception in 2005, how has use of the mental health emergency crisis system (moving from using 1-800-273-8255 to now simply 988) changed the way Americans access emergency mental health care?

[Q2 Model Response] Students should respond using some of the following statistics and information from this section of the chapter:  46,000 calls were logged in the first year (2005).  Spanish interpreter services and partnership with the Veterans Administration were both added after two years.  Each subsequent year has seen an increase in calls for mental health crises across the country.  The National Suicide Hotline Designation Act of 2020 was signed into law.  3.6 million calls were logged in 2021.  By July 2022, all U.S. telecommunication providers were required to activate ―988‖ when the mental health crisis hotline was officially implemented.  Funding for the 988 program provided grants to states and U.S. territories to scale up their capacity to improve response rates while providing locally based, high quality mental health crisis services on a 24-hour basis.

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Chapter 5 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. David Deerinwater, the patient in the case study on mental health, was a member of which of the following Native American groups?

A. Mohawk B. Choctaw C. Pueblo D. Cherokee 2. David Deerinwater‘s admitting diagnosis was A. schizophrenia.

B. bipolar disorder.

C. posttraumatic stress disorder.

D. anti-social personality disorder.

3. Social workers in mental health settings, BSWs or MSWs, are responsible for A. clinical social work.

B. medication distribution.

C. psychotherapy.

D. collecting and assessing data.

4. In many community-based programs, who plays the important role of carrying out responsibilities for people who are chronically mentally ill?

A. MSWs B. BSWs C. Psychologists D. Psychiatrists 5. Who coordinates and ensures that all services that are needed by a client (medical, financial, legal, and so on) are provided?

A. Psychotherapist B. Nurse C. Clinical social worker D. Case manager 6. The forced removal of the Cherokee people from the southeastern United States to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) in the 1830s has become known as the A. Trail of Tears.

B. Trail of Broken Treaties.

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C. Oklahoma Passage.

D. Trail of Broken Promises.

7. Which of the following is TRUE regarding schizophrenia?

A. It entails one personality that has split into two or multiple personalities that have emerged out of a single personality.

B. Today, persons with the disorder are best treated in inpatient units and institutions.

C. It entails disorganized thinking or hallucinations.

D. It is a likely diagnosis if there are depressive moods as well as abnormally high moods.

8. In order to prevent or minimize the development of an enduring stress disorder following a disaster or traumatic experience the worker should A. allow a few days for the person to calm down before intervention.

B. get the victim some warm food and clothing.

C. give the person some time alone to collect himself/herself.

D. begin immediate mental health intervention.

9. "The first piece of social research ever conducted in America" (Wilson, 1975) was the 1843 report on the status of the mentally ill in Massachusetts prepared by A. Benjamin Rush.

B. Dorothea Dix. C. Samuel Adams.

D. Florence Nightingale.

10. The first social worker specifically hired to work with mentally ill patients was A. Ida Cannon.

B. Mary Antoinette Cannon.

C. Mary Richmond.

D. Anna Freud.

11. The psychiatric social work training program initiated by Mary Jarrett in 1918 was located at what is now A. Bellevue Hospital in New York City.

B. The Columbia University School of Social Work.

C. The University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration.

D. The Smith College School for Social Work.

12. The first major piece of federal mental health legislation was the National Mental Health Act of A. 1935.

B. 1946.

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C. 1955.

D. 1963.

13. Which federal act discontinued the government‘s leadership in the development of mental health services?

A. Federal Employee Health Benefits Plan of 1997 B. Mental Health Parity Act of 2007 C. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1981 D. Mental Health Systems Act of 1980 14. The report, Quantifying Environmental Health Impacts (2007), which described mental health and behavioral risks that are linked globally to the environment, was authored by A. World Health Organization.

B. United Nations.

C. World Federation for Mental Health.

D. NASW. 15. The mental health consumer group that continues to support research, education, social policy, and political activity include is?

A. World Mental Health Project B. National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) C. Center for Mental Health Services D. National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Essay Questions 1. Using the case study, discuss the social worker‘s intervention at multiple levels (Including individual, family, organizational, and community) in the course of her work with David Deerinwater.

2. Identify the four professions that are most frequently represented on a mental health team in a psychiatric hospital and describe the unique function(s) of each.

3. Describe the kinds of information about tribal individuals, families and communities that are relevant for sensitive social work practice with Native Americans.

4. Discuss the components of the 2022 Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) focused on valuing and upholding respect for human diversity.

5. Discuss the implications for social welfare policy in terms of managed care for mental health needs.

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Chapter 5 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. D (see page 151, section titled ―Case Study 5.1 Meet David Deerinwater‖) 2. A (see page 151, section titled ―Case Study 5.1 Meet David Deerinwater‖) 3. D (see page 156, section titled ―Social Work Knowledge and Skills‖) 4. B (see page 156, section titled ―Social Work Knowledge and Skills‖) 5. D (see page 156, section titled ―Social Work Knowledge and Skills‖) 6. A (see page 182, section titled ―Native American History and the Cherokee Experience‖) 7. C (see page 159, section titled ―Understanding the DSM‖) 8. D (see page 177, section titled ―Disaster Services‖) 9. B (see page 187, section titled ―Historical Perspectives‖) 10. B (see page 188, section titled ―The Social Work Profession Emerges‖) 11. D (see page 188, section titled ―The Social Work Profession Emerges‖) 12. B (see page 189, section titled ―Evolving Social Policy Affects Service in Mental Health‖) 13. C (see page 189, section titled ―Evolving Social Policy Affects Service in Mental Health‖) 14. A (see page 184, section titled ―Social, Economic, and Environmental Justice Issues‖) 15. B (see page 189, section titled ―Evolving Social Policy Affects Service in Mental Health‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 151–154, section titled ―Case Study 5.1 Meet David Deerinwater‖): a. The social worker displayed patience, sitting in silence waiting for Mr. Deerinwater to speak. b. Honored David as the expert in how own experiences. c. Explained that she wanted to help him, and would need his help as well to best assist him. d. Engagement, assessment, and planning e. She educated hospital team members about the Cherokee culture and community resources available to assist David upon discharge. f.

She sought out information about services available through the Cherokee Nation Health Center.

g. Developed professional connections with the social worker at the Health Center.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 158-159, section titled ‗Interprofessional Collaboration‘): a. Social workers bring specialized knowledge of community resources to the multidisciplinary team. b. Psychologists administer all psychological tests. They may also provide psychotherapy.

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c. Psychiatrists prescribe medication and sometimes engage in psychotherapy. d. Psychiatric nurses have regular interactions with psychiatric patients. They administer medications and assist in other medical procedures.

3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 182–184, section titled ―Native American History and the Cherokee Experience‖): a. Importance of remembering that continental U.S. Native Americans (First Nations People) were the first Americans. b. 18 million indigenous people living in North America when Europeans arrived. c. European settlers forced indigenous people from their land and massacred those who resisted. d. Cherokee tribal members resettled in Tahlequah Oklahoma and rebuilt their community. e. At the end of the Civil War (1865), Congress declared all American Indians were wards of the government; no prior treaties were honored. f.

The Dawes Act of 1887 resulted in the federal government taking back land given to indigenous tribes.

g. Early 1900s indigenous children were taken from their tribal homes and forced into native boarding schools to assimilate them into U.S. culture and to ―kill‖ their native culture.

4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see page 179, section titled ―Practice with Diverse Populations‖): a. Advocate for human rights at the individual, family, group, organizational, and community system levels. b. Engage in practices that advance human rights to promote social, racial, economic, and environmental justice. c. Demonstrate anti-racist and anti-oppressive social work practice at the individual, family, group, organizational, community, research, and policy levels. d. Demonstrate cultural humility by applying critical reflection, self-awareness, and selfregulation to manage the influence of bias, power, privilege, and values in working with clients and constituencies, acknowledging them as experts of their own lived experiences 5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 193–194, section titled ―Policy and Practice: Future Issues‖): a. Advocacy needed to ensure parity between physical and mental health care b. Continued expansion of the ACA c. The ongoing pursuit of preferred (or best) practices d. Sustained influence of technological evolution

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The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction Chapterto6Social Work and Social Welfare

Test Item File Eight Edition Mary Ann Suppes

Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 6: Social Work in Health Care Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

13

Test Items

17

Test Answer Key

20

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Chapter 6: Social Work in Health Care Chapter 6 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 6.1: Explain how the knowledge, values, and skills of their profession prepare social workers to be effective in the health care field.

[Q1] Competence for generalist social work practice begins with an understanding of____________.

1. medical diagnosis and social systems 2. family-centered approach and the planned change process 3. social systems and the ecosystems perspective [correct] 4. an ecological perspective and theory of pathology [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers do not diagnosis patients. This is the responsibility of physicians. The social systems perspective provides the foundation to understand how illness and injury affect individuals and families as well as larger social systems.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] A family-centered approach to generalist practice means the social worker is tending to the family as a system of intersecting parts (family members) to address the needs of each member and the family system as a whole. The planned change process is the template used by social workers to develop relationships with clients/client systems, identify issues, develop plans, implement plans for change, and monitor for success or adjustments.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Social systems and the ecosystems perspective provide the foundation to understand how illness and injury affect individuals and families as well as larger social systems. As generalist practitioners in the health care arena, social workers must identify how organizations and communities function as systems, as well as how to help organizations change programs and policies to prevent illness and injury.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The theory of pathology is one in which the deficits experienced by individuals or larger systems are the main focus of the work being done. There is little or no focus on strengths and how to build from those successes. A pathological perspective is often mired in negativity.

[Q2] The shift away from hospitals to outpatient, community-based, and in-home health services means that hospital social work is evolving into a broader concept called ______________.

1. home health care work 2. health care social work [correct]

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3. hospital discharge planning 4. medical social work [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Home health care work generally refers to healthcare professionals and paraprofessionals working in patient‘s homes. Medical social workers do not typically work in residential settings.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Health care social work refers to the variety of jobs and types of work conducted by social workers in acute care, rehabilitation, and long-term care hospitals and nursing facilities. This type of social work requires a professional degree, most of an MSW accompanied by state licensure.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Hospital discharge planning is just one function of a hospital social worker.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] ―Medical social work‖ is too limiting a concept for the very wide array of practice areas of social workers throughout the health care industry.

[Q3] In the case study, Linda Sanders prepared to raise questions based on her concerns because___________.

1. multiple patients shared complaints with her 2. admissions criteria had become more rigid 3. the social work staff was unaware of the problem 4. a number of former patients had recently died [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] None of Linda‘s patients reported complaints to her, rather Linda read names of former patients in the obituary section of the newspaper and connected that they had each suffered from similar physical afflictions.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Admissions criteria had not changed, but the length of stay guidelines have led to shorter hospital stays.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social work staff had expressed concern in general ways, but it was not until Linda showed them the research and data did the social workers begin to advocate for treatment and care plan changes.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Linda Sanders has identified a pattern among former patients and is concerned that the hospital facility has not made the connection between osteoporosis and depression. She does some initial research and shares her findings with hospital social work staff.

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[Q4] Social work students typically take liberal arts courses such as literature, science, history, political science, psychology, and sociology at what stage of their college education?

1. Freshman, sophomore (years 1 & 2) [correct] 2. Sophomore, junior (years 1 & 2) 3. Junior, senior (years 3 & 4) 4. Senior year only (year 4) [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] For social work students, awareness and appreciation of human diversity and community norms is built gradually. This learning starts with the liberal arts courses that are typically taken in the first two years of college. Courses in literature, history, political science, and sociology help prepare social work students to understand the influences of class, gender, race, and ethnicity.

Students begin to understand such concepts as social norms and roles and to appreciate the rich contributions of many cultures to contemporary society.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Most students who enter college as traditional age students (i.e., directly out of high school or before age 26) complete the majority of liberal arts core requirements during freshman and sophomore years of school. A few more credits may be necessary to meet the requirements in junior year, for example in the case of a transfer student from a two-year associate degree program.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social work courses taken in the junior and senior years further prepare students for practice within the community and with a variety of populations.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The field practice that concludes the baccalaureate-degree program enables students to demonstrate competent social work practice, not in a classroom but out in the community.

Typically, by a student‘s final year in a BSW program, they have completed all liberal arts core requirements.

Learning Objective 6.2: Identify and describe the work that social workers do in four of the eight selected health care services presented in this chapter.

[Q1] What decision handed down by the U.S. Supreme Court led to pressure for states to develop programs so older adults and individuals with disabilities would be allowed to live in the least restrictive environment possible?

1. Speenhamland Act 2. Family Support Act 3. Olmstead decision [correct] 4. Affordable Care Act

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Speenhamland Act was a humane response to the rising price of wheat. Rather than force poor able-bodied people into workhouses after they were destitute, the law established a wage supplement to help prevent destitution. The size of the supplement was determined according to both the number of children in a family and the price of bread.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The 1988 Family Support Act is related to the establishment of paternity and requirement of child support payments.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The Olmstead decision encouraged states to develop such programs. It took pressure from the federal government for states to take action. The result was a nationwide transition from nursing homes to community-based care whenever possible.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Affordable Care Act is a comprehensive healthcare reform law enacted in 2010 to provide health care coverage for all U.S. citizens.

[Q2] The majority of health care social workers today are employed in___________.

1. long-term care 2. acute care [correct] 3. hospice 4. home medical care [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] For many people, when we hear ―nursing home‖ we think about long-term care. However, a growing number of services are, in fact, included within the purview of long-term care. In addition to nursing care facilities, some of the community-based services include home health care, assisted-living facilities, home-delivered meals, and adult day care. Long-term care consists of any combination of nursing, personal care, family, volunteer, and social services provided intermittently or on a sustained basis over a span of time to help persons with chronic illness or disability to maintain maximum quality of life.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Acute care includes facilities that provide immediate, short-term care. These settings employ the greatest number of social workers of any health care setting. This includes hospitals and emergency rooms, in- and out-patient clinics, rehabilitation centers and specialized services such as sexual assault treatment centers.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Hospice is a growing area of professional social work practice. However, as a niche specialty, it has not led to the employment of a vast number of social workers as of this time.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] ―Home medical care‖ is a general phrase which encompasses durable medical equipment, medical supplies, and in-home hands-on care for individuals with compromised physical health issues. Generally speaking, social workers do not provide this type of in-home care.

[Q3] Which agency/department/organization is often described as the ―work horse‖ of the public health system?

1. Local health departments [correct] 2. County Departments of Health and Human Services 3. State health departments 4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Social workers are hired in local health departments to provide a wide range of services, including violence prevention, safe housing, women and child health, and refugee programs.

County, state, and federal departments administer programs and oversee programming at the local level. The local health department has staff in place doing the day-to-day work with clients and client systems.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] County departments administer programs and oversee programming at the local level.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] State health departments administer programs and oversee programming at the county level.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The U.S. DHHS administers all programs and oversees programming at the state level.

[Q4] A core philosophy of hospice is that___________.

1. Death is inevitable and should be hastened by medical interventions.

2. It should only be offered to the elderly who have a life-threatening diagnosis.

3. It can only be carried out in a medical setting, rather than in one‘s home.

4. There is a profound respect for life and for death as a normal part of human life. [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Death is inevitable, but medically hastened death such as assisted suicide is still outlawed in many U.S. states.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The hospice movement supports people at the end stage of life, regardless of age, religion, sexual orientation, gender, race, etc.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Hospice services are available in hospitals, hospice facilities, and in people‘s homes.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Hospice can be carried out in a skilled facility or in an individual‘s home. Nursing homes are adding hospice care units. Hospice is provided for individuals of all ages who are nearing endof-life. Palliative care is a treatment approach utilized in hospice and is focused on the control of pain and providing the highest quality of life when no curative option remains.

[Q5] Early in the COVID 19 pandemic, the VA began using video-enabled tablets to provide telehealth psychotherapy visits to veterans in rural areas. This was in response to which health crisis for rural veterans?

1. Alcohol and drug use 2. High suicide risk [correct] 3. Schizophrenia diagnosis 4. Physical therapy [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Telehealth options have been used with Veterans to address alcohol and drug use/addiction but were not the primary impetus for the rapid increase in use during the pandemic.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Veterans in rural areas were reporting increased thoughts of suicide and actual suicide attempts in the early months of COVID 19. The VA was gravely concerned for those living in rural areas without close access to healthcare facilities and expanded the use of video visits to provide ongoing therapy.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Schizophrenia diagnoses have not increased markedly before or during the COVID 19 pandemic. In addition, veterans are no more likely to be diagnosed with Schizophrenia than the general population.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Physical therapy was not the main focus of the VA for working with rural veterans during the COVID 19 pandemic.

Learning Objective 6.3: Trace the historical development of hospitals and of the social work profession within health care.

[Q1] Working in communities and hospitals, those persons who provided food and donations to the poor in late 1800 England were known as____________.

1. parsonage workers 2. almshouse ladies

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3. charitable society women 4. lady almoners [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Parsonage workers were those women employed by the Church to care for people of various religious orders across England.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] ―Almshouse ladies‖ was not a title given to women working with the poor in England.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Charitable society organizations were founded to improve the organization of fragmented social services. Paid positions were created to determine one‘s ―worthiness‖ of receiving aid. They believed that unregulated and unsupervised relief caused poverty, rather than curing it. These ―friendly visitors‖ offered advice to families and oversaw their progress.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Lady almoners provided food and donations to the poor in the late 1800 England. Within hospitals they were expected to determine who would not be given free medical care. Instead, they became strong advocates for health care for the poor.

[Q2] Public health concerns about patients with tuberculosis and venereal disease paved the way for increasing social work employment in what specific setting(s)?

1. Inpatient mental health institutions 2. State health departments and tuberculosis sanitoriums [correct] 3. Hospitals 4. Rehabilitation facilities and nursing homes [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Mental health institutions have long been inclusive of the contributions of professional social workers. There was not a marked shift in positions with the outbreak of tuberculosis or venereal disease.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] As public concern grew over community health, social work positions were created, and the number of positions expanded in both state health departments and tuberculosis sanitoriums.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social workers have been working in hospital settings for longer than many other areas of professional practice. Their contributions to dealing with the rise of TB and VD cases remained steady in hospitals, as those patients did not remain in acute care hospitals for long term care.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Nursing homes and rehabilitation facilities have long been inclusive of the contributions of professional social workers. There was not a marked shift in positions in either setting with the outbreak of tuberculosis or venereal disease.

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[Q3] A prolific author, and one of the most influential individuals in shaping health care social work, who worked at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York is__________.

1. Helen Rehr [correct] 2. Ida Cannon 3. Grace Abbott 4. Jeanette Rankin [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] For more than 30 years, Helen Rehr provided leadership and developed many innovative programs within the social work department at Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York. She wrote several books related to health care social work, and in retirement she continued to act as a consultant.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Ida Cannon worked as a visiting nurse in the slum areas along the Mississippi River in St. Paul, Minnesota. She moved to Boston to attend the Boston school of social work and was hired at Massachusetts General Hospital. She was among the founders of the American Association of Hospital Social Workers in 1918.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Grace Abbott was a social worker, educator, and public administrator. She is best known for her work to reform child labor laws in the early 1900s.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Jeannette Rankin was an advocate for women‘s rights and an American politician. She was the first woman to hold federal office as a Republican congresswoman from Montana in 1916.

[Q4] One of the first social work specialty groups to organize professionally was______.

1. school social workers 2. Macro practice social workers 3. health care social workers [correct] 4. disability services social workers [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] School social workers are a well-organized group of practitioners. The School Social Work Association of America was founded in 1994. However, this is not the earliest professional organization of a social work specialty group.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] In 2013, the group Advocating Social Change through Community Practice (ACOSA) created The Special Commission to Advance Macro Practice in Social Work. It is a collective of social work faculty, staff, and community-based professionals who seek to promote the visibility and

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importance of macro practice in the social work profession. This is not the earliest professional organization of a social work specialty group.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Under the guidance of Ida Cannon, health care social workers were the first specialty practice area to organize. Ida Cannon was among the founders of the American Association of Hospital Social Workers in 1918. This organization later became the American Association of Medical Social Workers and merged with other independent social work organizations to become the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) in 1955.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Because of the variety of work being done by social workers across the disability field, there has been little organization into a cohesive specialty group around this practice.

Learning Objective 6.4: Explain the politics and economics surrounding the drive to ensure access to health care for all people in the United States.

[Q1] One prominent measure traditionally used to evaluate a health system‘s performance internationally is__.

1. childhood obesity 2. alcohol and drug abuse 3. number of medical prescriptions issued by physicians 4. life expectancy [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Childhood obesity is not a prominent measure of health care on an international scale.

However, for purposes of this question, it is important to note that U.S. children suffer from obesity at a staggering at 36.2%, making the United States 12th in childhood obesity worldwide.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Alcohol and drug use are not major indicators of overall health system performance on an international scale.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Medical prescriptions are not major indicators of overall health system performance on an international scale.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Life expectancy is a vital measure of the performance of health systems. In 2022, the United States ranked #46 in life expectancy (age 79.1 years). Life expectancy fell by 1.87 years in the United States, primarily due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All countries showed declines in life expectancy throughout the pandemic.

[Q2] The U.S. Supreme Court redefined the Affordable Care Act as an option and a voluntary decision. Since 2018, if an individual chooses NOT TO obtain government-approved health insurance, the financial penalty is___________.

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1. there is no personal financial penalty [correct] 2. individual payment to one‘s employer 3. federal citation and possible incarceration 4. municipal ticket and community service [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] In 2018, the U.S. Supreme Court stipulated that individuals who fail to obtain governmentapproved health insurance would no longer be sanctioned in the form of a tax payable to the federal government.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] There is no requirement that workers pay their employers if the work chooses not to obtain government approved health insurance.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There is no threat of incarceration or fines paid to the federal government for people who do not secure health insurance.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] No mandates are in place ordering people to pay tickets at the local level or comply with community service requirements.

[Q3] Which of the following is the largest U.S. financial aid program for low-income people?

1. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) 2. Women, Infants, & Children (WIC) 3. Medicaid (Title 19) [correct] 4. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] SNAP provides access to food for 243,000 recipients in the United States but is not the largest financial aid program for low-income people.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] WIC provides for 6.9 million women and children. This is not the largest financial aid program for low-income people.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Medicaid is the largest financial aid program for low-income people in the United States. 89 million Americans receive T19 benefits.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] TANF provides necessary supports for 2 million Americans but is not the largest financial aid program for low-income people.

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[Q4] How many parts are there to Medicare?

1. Two 2. Four [correct] 3. Six 4. Seven [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The two most well-known parts of Medicare are A and B, but there are more than two parts. Part A provides insurance for hospital care and up to 100 days in a nursing home. Part B is similar to a private health insurance program. It is not required, but is vital to most people because it pays for some health care expenses not covered by Part A. [Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Medicare has FOUR parts. Part A provides insurance for hospital care and up to 100 days in a nursing home. Part B is similar to a private health insurance program. It is not required but is vital to most people because it pays for some health care expenses not covered by Part A. Part C was initiated in 1997 and includes private insurance with managed care options and medical savings accounts. Medicare Part D is the prescription drug benefit that was created in 2003.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There are less than six parts to Medicare.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] There are less than seven parts to Medicare.

[Q5] What is the primary difference between U.S. and Canadian health care?

1. Approach to financing the health care system [correct] 2. Freedom to choose one‘s own providers 3. All citizens in the United States and Canada are covered by their respective national health care systems 4. No portability in coverage from one state or province to another [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Canadian health care is publicly funded through income taxes, but health care services are provided through mostly private physicians, hospitals, and other health services. Canada has a single-payer system, where each province (similar to a U.S. state) manages its entire insurance program. The simplicity of the system results in minimal expenses for administration, compared with the multiplicity of private and governmental health payers in the United States. It is estimated that approximately half of the difference in cost between Canadian and U.S. health care relates to administrative expenses.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Citizens in both countries are allowed to choose their own medical providers. However, in the United States if one chooses a provider outside of the network, they are part of, there is no guarantee of any insurance coverage for the service.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] All Canadian citizens are covered by their national health care system. Everyone receives the same insurance benefits. Benefits are comprehensive for hospitalization, medical care, and mental health care. In the United States, most people pay into an employer sponsored system, receive Medicare or Medicaid benefits, and purchase through the ACA. Currently 26.4 million (8%) of Americans are still uninsured.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Canadian system does allow for portability: each province‘s insurance can be used across all provinces. The Canadian system does not typically link health insurance to employment, unlike the U.S. system.

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Chapter 6 Application Exercises Application Exercise 6.1: Social Work Values and Skills in the Health Care Field Learning Objective 6.1: Explain how the knowledge, values, and skills of their profession prepare social workers to be effective in the health care field.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 6.1 to answer the following question: How does the social work intern demonstrate the values of the importance of human relationships and dignity and worth of the person throughout her initial engagement with the client?

[Q1 Model Response] The social work intern shows respect to the client by addressing the client by her formal name.

She communicates in a soft, friendly voice to ease tension. Each of these behaviors is intended to establish trust with the client. The intern validates the client‘s feelings and uses periods of silence for both her and the client to reflect and gather their thoughts. In addition, the intern reflects back and summarizes what the client has said. This demonstrates to the client that the social work intern is paying close attention and acknowledges the client‘s concerns.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 6.1 to answer the following question: Explain how the social work intern relies on social systems theory and the ecosystems perspective as a basis for understanding the impact of Mrs. Smith‘s medical issues on her demeanor.

[Q2 Model Response] The generalist practice theory that social work students acquire, based on social systems theory and the ecosystems perspective, provides a basis for understanding the impact of illness and possible opioid dependence on Mrs. Smith. The intern would have learned interviewing techniques and communication skills needed in a health care setting, and she is expected to apply the problem-solving process to assess Mrs. Smith‘s situation.

Application Exercise 6.2: Learning Objective 6.2: Identify and describe the work that social workers do in four of the eight selected health care services presented in this chapter.

[Q1] Scenario: Mark is a social worker in a small hospice agency. He works with clients in their homes, hospitals, hospice settings, etc. He provides end of life supports and cares to each client and to family members as well. When asked about what he does, Mark stated that he ―gentles the journey‖ toward death.

Question: What specific supports and cares does Mark provide?

[Q1 Model Response] Student should consider the following when crafting their responses:  Advocacy for patients, particularly in regard to obtaining services and financial assistance

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 Crisis intervention when emergencies arise  Case management and coordination of services for the comprehensive care of patients and their family members  Case consultation services among hospice and other health care staff  Assists the patient and family in planning for the patient‘s eventual death  Provides bereavement counseling to assist patients in accepting their terminal illness and in saying goodbye to loved ones  Counsels surviving family members after the patient‘s death [Q2] Explain some major challenges for social workers in a hospice setting and how they might overcome them.

[Q2 Model Response] Students must address the key component of social workers displaying genuineness and empathy when working with hospice clients and families. One of the greatest challenges facing hospice workers lies in their ability to increase their comfort level with painful and unpleasant emotions. Many people who are grieving can intuitively sense the comfort levels of those around them, and many hospice clients report that hospice social workers are the only people with whom they feel safe and comfortable sharing their deepest and most painful feelings of loss, grief, sadness, and anger. Practitioners are not expected to offer magic words to make it better to be effective, they simply need to be present, open, and accepting.

There are several common issues that social workers may encounter when working with terminally ill patients and their family members. Ways in which patients and family members manage the impending death on an emotional and practical level often determine the nature of the intervention strategies used in the intervention process. For instance, do the patient and family accept the diagnosis and grieve openly and collectively? Or do they perceive such acceptance as a sign of lost hope and giving up? Are they prepared to deal with the more practical aspects of dying, such as getting the affairs of the patient in order? What coping mechanisms do they use to help them through difficult life experiences?

Most likely social workers will encounter a broad range of attitudes, approaches, and coping strategies used by their clients, with some families presenting a unified approach and others presenting a complex system of contradictory perspectives and approaches to death—many of which are rooted in intergenerational, cultural, and/or religious traditions. An effective social worker helps terminally ill patients and their families navigate this difficult path, using a range of client-centered and culturally sensitive strategies.

Application Exercise 6.3: Social Work Practice During the COVID 19 Pandemic Learning Objective 6.2: Identify and describe the work that social workers do in four of the eight selected health care services presented in this chapter.

[Q1] Scenario: Maria is a single 62-year-old Latina woman. She lives in a 500 square-foot rental home with her adult daughter Nadia and 7- and 9-year-old grandchildren. Maria works full-time in a factory making minimum wage. Nadia is working part-time as a result of the Coronavirus

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pandemic and has not been able to establish full-time benefitted employment since businesses have begun to reopen post-pandemic. Neither Maria nor Nadia has a vehicle. They rely on the public transit system in their urban community. Since losing her full-time minimum wage job at the onset of the pandemic, Nadia no longer has basic healthcare coverage. Luckily, her daughters are covered by state-sponsored healthcare for children under age 18. Nadia‘s younger daughter, Angelina, suffers from severe asthma and must visit the doctor every other week. Maria is fully vaccinated and boosted against Coronavirus. Nadia and her older daughter are also vaccinated but have not yet received the recommended booster shots. Angelina, the younger daughter with severe asthma cannot be vaccinated due to her already compromised respiratory system, making her extraordinarily susceptible to contracting COVID 19. Maria and Nadia navigate their daily lives in a small, enclosed space with little social distancing, rely on public transportation to get to and from every place they must go, and expose themselves and the children to the continued effects of the virus on a daily basis.

Question: In what ways are Maria, Nadia and the girls considered at risk and in need of assistance from a social worker?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses should include the following:  Seven-year-old with asthma  Reliance on public transportation, which may lead to increased exposure to the virus.  Living in close proximity to one another  Potential risk of eviction if Maria and Nadia‘s combined income cannot cover rent, food, and other basic needs.  Maria has basic health insurance, but Nadia does not, exposing her to greater risk of subpar care if she contracts Coronavirus.

[Q2] Scenario: Maria is a single 62-year-old Latina woman. She lives in a 500 square-foot rental home with her adult daughter Nadia and 7- and 9-year-old grandchildren. Maria works full-time in a factory making minimum wage. Nadia is working part-time as a result of the Coronavirus pandemic and has not been able to establish full-time benefitted employment since businesses have begun to reopen post-pandemic. Neither Maria nor Nadia has a vehicle. They rely on the public transit system in their urban community. Since losing her full-time minimum wage job at the onset of the pandemic, Nadia no longer has basic healthcare coverage. Luckily, her daughters are covered by state-sponsored healthcare for children under age 18. Nadia‘s younger daughter, Angelina, suffers from severe asthma and must visit the doctor every other week. Maria is fully vaccinated and boosted against Coronavirus. Nadia and her older daughter are also vaccinated but have not yet received the recommended booster shots. Angelina, the younger daughter with severe asthma cannot be vaccinated due to her already compromised respiratory system, making her extraordinarily susceptible to contracting COVID-19. Maria and Nadia navigate their daily lives in a small, enclosed space with little social distancing, rely on public transportation to get to and from every place they must go, and expose themselves and the children to the continued effects of the virus on a daily basis.

Question: How have social work professionals worked on a macro level to address the urgent needs of communities of color during the pandemic, and as it continues to affect these communities?

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[Q2 Model Response] Social workers collaborated with researchers and experts to gather data on the effects of COVID-19 on all populations, paying particular attention to communities of color. Practitioners led community efforts to disseminate factual information relating to the virus, including medical and safety protocols, as well as how to access a range of community-based resources. The dissemination of information also included educating those in positions of power, including elected officials, of the impact of the virus on these communities of color, and how to meet their needs to ―flatten the curve‖ of infection rates and level the playing field in terms of equity in healthcare across all populations in the United States. As rates of infection and deaths have diminished since the start of the pandemic, social workers have continued to be actively involved in policy work to attend to the healthcare needs of communities of color.

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Chapter 6 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. The case study on social work in health care featured Linda Sanders who was A. an advanced clinical practitioner.

B. a baccalaureate social work student in field placement.

C. an MSW-level social work student in field placement.

D. a post-MSW social work unit administrator.

2. The health care setting described in the case was a A. community general hospital.

B. nursing home.

C. rehabilitation center.

D. hospice.

3. In the case study, Linda Sanders had concerns related to her assigned responsibilities in A. establishing a contract with the patient.

B. assisting with discharge planning for the patient.

C. preparing the family for the patient‘s surgery.

D. preparing her recording for supervision.

4. In the case study, Linda Sanders prepared to raise questions based on her concerns because A. a number of patients shared complaints with her.

B. admissions criteria had become more rigid.

C. the social work staff was unaware of the problem.

D. a number of former patients had recently died.

5. The health care environment can be contradictory to social work values. This is especially TRUE in situations A. where the hospital requires that patients sign advance directives.

B. where there is a denial of transplants to elderly patients.

C. when health care organizations make huge profits but deny some people access to health care.

D. there is a lack of confidentiality in patient records and billing procedures.

6. The shift away from hospitals to outpatient, community-based, and in-home health services means that hospital social work is evolving into a broader concept called A. home health care work.

B. health care social work.

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C. hospital discharge planning.

D. medical social work.

7. The social worker in a rural health care facility will A. be knowledgeable about several counties‘ welfare and human service resources.

B. have support from other social workers in similar settings in the area.

C. have to be less creative in developing resources.

D. have to use specialized, rather than generalist, practice skills.

8. A means-tested program A. means that applicants must be receiving Social Security.

B. means that applicants must provide proof of poverty according to the federal definition.

C. means that applicants must provide proof of poverty according to their local definition.

D. means that applicants must provide proof of poverty according to their state‘s definition.

9. Cost containment concerns have limited the funding available for home-based care from both A. hospital funding and Medicare.

B. Social Security Disability and Medicare.

C. Medicare and private insurance.

D. Supplemental Security Income and private insurance.

10. Medicaid differs from Medicare in that it is a program that A. covers the oldest members of society.

B. was established many years before Medicare.

C. covers only hospitalization expenses.

D. requires a means test for eligibility.

11. Data collected by the U.S. Census Bureau suggests that ________ has begun to demonstrate improvements in the rate of insured Americans.

A. Social Security B. The Affordable Care Act C. Medicare D. Medicaid 12. What is known as a country‘s ownership and administration of health care facilities and services where all citizens receive care?

A. National health insurance B. National health care C. National health plan D. National health service

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13. Which concept means that every U.S. citizen would receive health care benefits at the same rate and without regard to economic status?

A. Single payer system B. Universal health care system C. Portability D. Comprehensiveness 14. Although no Canadian is denied health care based on financial ability, what happens for the many uninsured or underinsured Americans is that A. they receive services through privately funded hospitals.

B. Medicaid supplements their health insurance.

C. they postpone preventive or diagnostic care.

D. Medicare supplements their health insurance.

15. It is estimated that approximately half of the differences in costs between Canadian and U.S. hospital costs relate to A. not instituting diagnostic measures.

B. administrative expenses.

C. not instituting preventive measures.

D. high number of diagnostic tests.

Essay Questions 1. Identify and explain at least three types of healthcare organizations in which social workers are employed.

2. From the discussion of the events in the case study on health care, create solutions regarding what the nursing home social worker may do to possibly prevent the death of other patients who are experiencing a situation similar to Mrs. Katherine Lewandowski‘s medical situation.

3. Discuss the knowledge, values, and skills that a generalist social worker would need in a health care setting.

4. What differences exist between the federal programs of Medicare and Medicaid?

5. What differences exist between the health care systems of Canada and the United States?

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Chapter 6 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. B (see page 196, section titled ―Case Study 6.1 Meet Katherine Lewandowski‖) 2. A (see pages 196–199, section titled ‗―Case Study 6.1 Meet Katherine Lewandowski‖) 3. B (see page 196, section titled ―Case Study 6.1 Meet Katherine Lewandowski‖) 4. D (see page 196, section titled ―Case Study 6.1 Meet Katherine Lewandowski‖) 5. C (see page 200, section titled ―Values and Ethics in Health Care Social Work‖) 6. B (see page 201, section titled ―Focusing on the Community and Populations at Risk‖) 7. A (see page 214, section titled ―Health Care in Rural Areas‖) 8. D (see page 224, section titled ―Medicaid‖) 9. C (see pages 222–224, section titled ―Medicare‖) 10. D (see page 224, section titled ―Medicaid‖) 11. B (see page 229, section titled ―Cost-Benefit Analysis‖) 12. D (see page 225, section titled ―Health Care Reform‖) 13. B (see pages 226–227, section titled ―The Affordable Care Act‖) 14. C (see page 229, section titled ―Cost-Benefit Analysis‖) 15. B (see page 229–231, section titled ―Cost-Benefit Analysis‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 203–219, main section titled ―Selected Health Care Services‖): a. Examples include acute care, long-term care, home health care, hospice and palliative care, emergency department services, and health care for veterans. b. Acute care includes hospitals, clinics, rehabilitation facilities, and some specialized service. c. Long-term care includes skilled nursing facilities, assisted living, and adult day care. d. Home health care is bringing services into the home to keep the individual in their homes rather than in out-of-home placement. e. Hospice and palliative care can be done in the home or in an outside facility, depending on the person‘s wants and needs. f.

Emergency departments treat acute injuries and illness, refer patients to other units or facilities for ongoing care, and provide resources for patients in crisis.

g. The Veterans Administration (VA) provides services (short- and long-term) to veterans of the U.S. military.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 196–199, section titled ―Case Study 6.1 Meet Katherine Lewandowski‖): a. Linda did the right thing by bringing her concerns to her department colleagues, doing research on the topic, and offering possible solutions.

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b. Ongoing advocacy across professional disciplines to educate all staff on the issues. c. Taking on leadership role to create the necessary changes.

3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 199–201, sections titled ―Building a Knowledge Base for Health Care Practice‖ and ―Values and Ethics in Health Care Social Work‖): a. Liberal arts education including coursework in biology, history, sociology, psychology, writing, art, and literature (among others) b. Social work-specific coursework including introduction, practice, policy, research, and diversity c. 400 hours of field practicum education d. Skills are developed in practice courses and include such things as assessment, interviewing, and program evaluation (among others). e. Social workers must abide by the NASW Code of Ethics to adhere to the values and ethics of the profession.

4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 222–225, sections titled ―Medicare‖ and ―Medicaid‖): a. Medicare was established in 1965 as an amendment to the Social Security Act. b. All individuals over 65, individuals with disabilities, and people with permanent kidney failure are eligible to receive Medicare benefits. c. Medicare IS NOT a means-tested program. d. 4 parts to Medicare: i.

Part A: insurance for hospital care and 100 days in a nursing home

ii. Part B: voluntary pays for some charges not covered by Part A including doctor visits, lab services, and medical equipment. iii. Part C: variety of managed care plans designed to augment Parts A and B, voluntary, private pay for this coverage. iv. Part D: prescription drug benefit, individual must pay Part B premiums in order to be eligible for Part D e. Medicaid is the largest U.S. financial aid program for low-income individuals. f.

States and federal government jointly fund Medicaid, but states are solely responsible to administer the program.

g. People with disabilities, vision impairment, and those over 65 in either category may qualify for Medicaid; many pregnant women and children with income below 133% of the federal poverty line are also eligible. h. Medicaid is a means-tested program, meaning that people must qualify based on income and assets, along with a minimum threshold level of disability.

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5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 5–6, section titled ―Defining and Differentiating Social Work from Other Professions‖): a. Canadian health care is publicly funded through income taxes, but health care services are provided mostly through private physicians, hospitals, and other health services. b. Canada has a ―single payer system‖ which means each province manages its entire insurance program. c. The Canadian system is more economically efficient, resulting in much lower expenses for administration of their program than United States. d. In the United States, people must see medical personnel who work within their managed care networks. e. In Canada, one can see whomever they choose for medical care. f.

Prescriptions medication is covered under Canadian health care, unlike the United States where older adults must enroll in Medicare Part B to be eligible for Part D, which covers prescriptions.

g. Most health care in Canada is not linked to employment, thus saving employers money, which may be given to workers in the form of salary increases; most U.S. insurance is based on employment or government funded programs for the unemployed, underemployed or those with disabilities.

Chapter 7 Test Item File The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Eight Edition

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Mary Ann Suppes Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 7: Social Work in the Schools Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

14

Test Items

18

Test Answer Key

21

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Chapter 7: Social Work in the Schools Chapter 7 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 7.1: Describe the history of social work in the schools.

[Q1] At the turn of the 20th century, what was the purpose of the visiting teacher?

1. Provide homework to homeless children 2. Report criminal activity to the local police 3. Substitute for the classroom teacher 4. Do liaison work between schools and the families [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Visiting teachers did not provide homework to homeless children.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Visiting teachers did not report criminal activity to local police.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Visiting teachers did not substitute for the classroom teacher.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Visiting teachers did liaison work between the schools and families by visiting the homes and improving communication between the home and school settings.

[Q2] Jane Culbert‘s definition of school social work presented in 1916 focused on___________.

1. the characteristics of the individual child 2. the child‘s surrounding environment [correct] 3. the influence that social workers could have in school settings 4. the prevention of truancy [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The definition of school social work did not concern itself with the characteristics of the individual child.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The definition of school social work developed by Jane Culbert focused on the child‘s surrounding environment. The purpose was to help teachers and the school understand the life in the neighborhood.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The definition of school social work did not focus on the influence social workers could have in the school setting.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The definition of school social work did not focus on prevention of truancy.

[Q3] What was Florence Poole‘s major influence on the school social work movement during the 1940s and 1950s?

1. Focused on clinical role of social workers in schools.

2. Introduced idea that students and schools needed to mutually adapt to each other. [correct] 3. Advocated for compulsory attendance of children in schools.

4. Addressed complex issues like racism and students‘ rights in schools.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers tended to maintain a clinical perspective, encouraging students to change to the school‘s ways rather than looking at adaptation on both sides.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Florence Poole went beyond the clinical perspective, looking at ways for both schools and students to mutually adapt to create success for the student.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Compulsory attendance laws came into effect in the early 1900s with the growing perspective of the importance of an education for all.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] With the social protests of the 1960s came the role of the social workers in addressing issues of racism and students‘ rights.

[Q4] A major change that happened with the reauthorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1997 was the requirement of schools to provide each child in special education with a/an __________________________.

1. Individualized education plan [correct] 2. School social work certification 3. List of additional homework responsibilities 4. Extra teachers to support their learning [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The individualized education plan (IEP) became a requirement of the special education procedures in schools under the 1997 IDEA renewal. The IEP serves as a major tool to involve parents in the education process and to ensure academic progress is being supported and maintained.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Many states have adopted school social work certification procedures to make sure practicing school social workers have the unique knowledge and skill sets to successfully work with parents and students in the school setting.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The 1997 reauthorization of IDEA did not require schools to provide students receiving special education services with additional homework responsibilities. This would be an inequitable burden on students in special education.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The 1997 reauthorization of IDEA did not require extra teachers to support students receiving special education services.

[Q5] Developed in 1973, this model is grounded in systems theory and focuses on interactions among the school, the community, and the students.

1. Visiting teacher model 2. Individualized education plan model 3. School-community-pupil relations model [correct] 4. School social worker certification model [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The visiting teacher model of school social work developed at the turn of the 20th century in order to improve communication between schools and families.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The individualized education plan (IEP) became a requirement of the special education procedures in schools under the 1997 IDEA renewal. The IEP serves as a major tool to involve parents in the education process and to ensure academic progress is being supported and maintained.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The school-community-pupil relations model was developed in 1973 and is grounded in systems theory, focusing on interactions among the school, community, and the students.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Many states have adopted school social work certification procedures to make sure practicing school social workers have the unique knowledge and skill sets to successfully work with parents and students in the school setting.

Learning Objective 7.2: Identify and discuss major social work roles in the schools.

[Q1] Schools are an example of a _______________________ where social work functions may be superseded by the primary purpose of educating students.

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1. primary social work setting 2. coordinated community service site 3. school change model 4. secondary social work setting [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Schools are not an example of a primary social work setting where enhancing social functioning is the primary purpose.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Schools where coordinated community services are delivered on site are sometimes called ―fullservice‖ schools. They have been developed in several states to help children at risk: those who arrive unprepared for the educational process and are unable to concentrate on schoolwork due to abuse, neglect, homelessness, poverty, and poor health.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] School change model is used to shift school staff and administration away from historical practices that have been unfair and inequitable for students.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Schools are examples of a secondary social work setting where social work functions may be superseded by the primary purpose of educating students.

[Q2] Which tool might a school social worker use to identify after school program resources?

1. Psychosocial assessment 2. Genogram 3. Program development 4. Community assessment [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] A psychosocial assessment is a comprehensive assessment of an individual‘s needs and risks.

It identifies both personal and environmental factors that may contribute to an act of self-harm.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] A genogram is a diagram of a person‘s family members, how they are related and their medical history.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Program development is the systematic process of planning, implementing, and evaluating a program.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The school social worker must first assess what resources are currently available in the community. From there, he or she can identify gaps in services and may be compelled to develop additional options.

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[Q3] Conducting group counseling sessions in the school for children who are dealing with a recent divorce is an example of what type of school social work role?

1. Group work [correct] 2. Family work 3. Community work 4. School work [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] School social workers also often develop and lead groups of students. Group work utilizes peer processes and other motivational techniques to help resolve attendance, academic, and social difficulties.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Family work is a type of social work service in the school setting that involves working with parents and families. The social worker is the main link between the family and the school; the worker is often the only person from the school who makes home visits.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] In accord with the generalist approach, working with community issues that impact the school is an important part of school social work. The social worker is often the major link between the school and the wider community.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Many school social workers view the school itself as a major focus for intervention, and work toward organizational change that creates more equitable opportunities for students and their families.

[Q4] This act passed in 2010 provided funds to build school-based health services and community health initiatives.

1. Individual Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2. Economic Opportunity Act 3. Affordable Care Act (ACA) [correct] 4. Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Act (DACA) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] In 1975, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act created new roles for social workers as part of a special education team. This act later evolved to become the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 created Head Start programs, which often employed social workers full- or part-time.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The Affordable Care Act (ACA), passed in 2010, supports services to students in the schools, especially health services. The act provided $50 million for four years (2010–2013) to construct or renovate and equip school-based health centers.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) Act in 2012 provided temporary amnesty and two-year work permits to ―child arrivals‖ who met certain qualifications.

[Q5] What impact did COVID-19 have on the way school social workers engaged with students and families?

1. School social workers spent more time reading school reports.

2. School social workers refused to provide needed services to students.

3. School social workers focused on community work due to less student issues.

4. School social workers became more technologically adept and creative. [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] School social workers did not spend more time reading school reports. Many student and family challenges emerged with the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring school social workers‘ attention.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] School social workers ramped up their support and services to help children and families who were in crisis from the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Students of all ages and backgrounds reported increased family stress, feelings of frustration, social isolation, anxiety, and confusion. Students experienced higher rates of suicide. Because children‘s parents or guardians were experiencing similar emotions, more students endured the risk of abuse at home. School social workers continued to support children and their families during these trying times.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] After COVID hit and schools closed, social workers had to become more technologically adept and creative. They shifted to working with students and their families from a distance, sometimes online, sometimes using virtual tools that provided visual contact such as Zoom.

Learning Objective 7.3: Explain the impact of different types of diversity in the schools.

[Q1] What is the basic tenet of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA)?

1. All children with special needs MUST be mainstreamed into regular education classrooms.

2. Public school districts must provide charter or alternative school options for families of children with disabilities.

3. Every public school district must employ at least one credentialed school social worker.

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4. All children with disabilities are entitled to a free and appropriate public education. [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Mainstreaming was not required under the IDEA. [Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Public school districts have never been forced to provide alternative/charter options for children with special needs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There is no law requiring employment of a social worker in every school.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] All children are entitled to a free and appropriate public education. Once a child has been identified as needing special education services and has been assessed and accepted into special education, the individual student educational program should be provided in the least restrictive environment and an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) should be developed.

[Q2] According to the text, Critical Race Theory (CRT) teaches __________________ but does not teach _________________.

1. American institutions promote racial equity; individual persons are not racist 2. American institutions promote racial inequities; individual persons are racist [correct] 3. individual people are racist; American institutions promote racial inequities 4. individual people are not racist; American institutions promote racial equity [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] According to CRT, American institutions do not promote racial equity.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] CRT does teach that American institutions have promoted racial inequities but does not teach individual racism.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] CRT does not teach that individuals are racist and does teach that American institutions have promoted racial inequity.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] According to CRT, individuals are not racist and American institutions do not promote racial equity.

[Q3] Which type of research is referred to in the text regarding the type of research conducted by members of a school multidisciplinary team to assist a child with special needs?

1. Qualitative research 2. Quantitative research 7 Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

3. Observational research 4. Applied research [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Qualitative research involves the gathering of nonnumeric data. The data is typically obtained through observation, interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, participant-observation, documents, and artifacts. This is one aspect of the larger research type utilized by M-teams.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Quantitative research involves the gathering of numeric data. The data is typically obtained through quantifying the collection and analysis of data. It is formed from a deductive approach where emphasis is placed on the testing of a theory. This is one aspect of the larger research type utilized by M-teams.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Observational research is a form of qualitative research in which the researcher is using observation of behavior to draw conclusions.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] What the evaluation team does when activated by a school special education referral is an example of applied research. Each member of the multi-disciplinary team seeks information about the referred child in his or her area of expertise. This will involve gathering qualitative and quantitative data. Results of these research efforts are used in joint decision-making.

[Q4] Many educators in the United States today believe that ________________ is the most effective model to teach children whose native language is not English.

1. bilingual education [correct] 2. cultural competence training 3. sheltered English Immersion (SEI) 4. English as a Second Language coursework (ESL) [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Many educators promote the use of dual language programming in which children learn in their native language part of the day and study in English for part of the day. They also argue that Americans need to be more fluent in more than one language and knowledgeable about more than one culture so that maintaining bilingual education is good for our country as a whole.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Cultural competence training does not address bilingual education, SEI, or ESL programming.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] SEI plunges students immediately into intensive courses offered only in English to get them up to grade level in English and into regular classrooms as quickly as possible. Results are not as successful as with other models.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] ESL programming offers courses like math and history in their native languages, while studying English in specialized ESL courses. This is one component of a broader approach to teaching children whose native language is other than English.

[Q5] According to the text, gender affirming hormone therapy __________________________ among transgender and nonbinary youth.

results

in

1. higher rates of depression 2. lower suicidal ideation [correct] 3. increase in suicide attempts 4. higher reports of suicidal ideation [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Gender affirming hormone therapy results in lower rates of depression.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Research shows that gender affirming hormone therapy results in lower rates of depression, lower suicidal ideation and fewer suicide attempts among transgender and nonbinary youth.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Gender affirming hormone therapy results in lower rates of suicide attempts.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Gender affirming hormone therapy does not result in higher reports suicidal ideation.

Learning Objective 7.4: Discuss social work values in the school setting and their policy implications.

[Q1] Which core value of the social work profession aligns with the philosophy that ALL children, regardless of intellect or ability, ought to be entitled to an education?

1. Service 2. Competence 3. Dignity and worth of the person [correct] 4. Self-determination [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The school social workers‘ primary goal is to help students, parents, and educators address social problems and individual needs. This is the value of service.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] A competent social worker is one who practices in areas in which they are skilled. They seek to consistently improve their skills and apply those skills to practice.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Over time, the value of individual worth and dignity has led to the recognition that children don‘t have much of a chance to succeed without an education.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social workers support self-determination of children and their caregivers with regards to education. This is not, however, the primary value aligned with providing an education to all children.

[Q2] The results of a longitudinal study the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health showed what?

1. Teens who took a virginity pledge were less likely to engage in intercourse than other teens.

2. Teens who took a virginity pledge were as likely to engage in intercourse as other teens. [correct] 3. Teens who took a virginity pledge were more likely to protect themselves when having intercourse than their peers.

4. Teens had a fully informed view of contraception.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Teens who took the pledge were not less likely to engage in intercourse.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The study by the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health found that teens who had taken a virginity pledge were not only as likely to have intercourse as other teens; they were also less likely to protect themselves when they did.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Teens who took the virginity pledge were actually less likely to protect themselves when having intercourse than their peers [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Experts concluded that abstinence-only education provided a negative or faulty view of contraception among teens.

[Q3] According to the text, what is the paradox of poverty and food deserts?

1. Families have greater access to fresh foods.

2. Malnourished children can become obese. [correct] 3. Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides money for food and transportation to full-service food stores.

4. Food pantries bridge the gap between neighborhood markets and full-service grocery stores.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Food deserts are areas in which there are no full-service grocery stores, thus no access to fresh foods.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Many people live in areas described by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) as ―food deserts,‖ places with limited access to fresh produce. As a result, families are purchasing high priced, highly processed shelf-stable foods, and children may become obese.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] SNAP benefits provide money for food, but there is no transportation allowance.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Local food pantries frequently only offer shelf-stable foods rather than fresh produce.

[Q4] Which of the following is one of the CDC‘s recommended programs to address bullying in schools?

1. School-based programs that address social skills and emotional self-awareness [correct] 2. Community-based education which does not address the legal implications of bullying 3. No family-based education around parenting skills and family relations 4. School-based programs that focus on individuality rather than teamwork [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The CDC recommends programming in schools that will enhance student social skills and emotional self-awareness. This is key in improving student self-esteem and self-advocacy against bullying by others.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Community-based education should always include a focus on the legal implications of student bullying. This education for students, educators, and parents provides transparency about potential legal consequences of such behavior.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Family-based education must include parenting skills and family relations in order to minimize the likelihood of bullying with the family, and thus a child taking that behavior to school.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] School-based programming should focus on teamwork, conflict resolution skills, and nonviolent problem solving.

[Q5] What are the three guiding principles of the NASW standards for School Social Work Services?

1. Multitier intervention, self-determination, and social justice 2. Education, school reform, and social justice 3. Self-determination, school reform, and multitier intervention 11 Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

4. Education and school reform, social justice, and multitier intervention [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Self-determination is an important value in social work but is not one of the guiding principles for school social work.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Education and school reform are considered one of the guiding principles.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Self-determination is an important value in social work but is not one of the guiding principles for school social work.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] According to NASW, the guidelines are education and school reform, social justice, and multitier interventions. School social workers increasingly find themselves working across all five system levels (individual, family, group, organization, and community). Their efforts are myriad in scope, including one-to-one intervention, group work, family visits, school policy review and implementation, as well as macro-level interventions to stretch scarce resources.

Learning Objective 7.5: Describe similarities and differences in school social work as practiced in the United States and Ghana.

[Q1] School social work services in Ghana are designed to be___________.

1. therapeutic 2. preventive [correct] 3. reactive 4. supportive [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers in Ghana are not charged with providing therapy to students or families.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] School social work services in Ghana are preventive in nature. All activities, including parent– teacher associations, home and school collaborative activities, nutritional programs, and family life education programs, are designed and carried out to help prevent or alleviate school-related problems.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social work services in Ghanaian schools have historically been reactive, but they are working to become more proactive in their approach to meet student and family needs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] All social work services, whether in school settings or other areas of practice, are intended to be supportive of clients. This is not the primary function of school social workers.

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[Q2] One major difference between social workers in the United States and Ghana is that ______________________.

1. Social workers are the primary link between the school and the home.

2. Social workers assist children and families.

3. Social workers serve as school nutrition officers. [correct] 4. Social workers do not get involved in protecting children from neglect.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The United States and Ghanaian social workers do act as primary links between schools and families.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The United States and Ghanaian social workers do assist children and families.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Ghanaian social workers often act as school nutrition officers. This is not so in the United States.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The United States and Ghanaian social workers are involved in protecting children from neglect.

[Q3] In Ghana, families are matrilineal. Who is responsible for supporting mothers and their children?

1. The mothers‘ extended family, primarily the mothers‘ brothers [correct] 2. The children‘s fathers 3. The mothers‘ fathers 4. The fathers‘ brothers [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] In a matrilineal system, children are supported by their mothers‘ extended families, primarily by their mothers‘ brothers, not their fathers. Fathers are often missing from their children‘s lives and poverty is widespread.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Fathers are often missing from their children‘s lives so they are not able to support mothers and children.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Fathers across the adult span are often missing from their children‘s lives so they are not able to support their daughters as mothers and the children.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Since fathers are often missing from the lives of mothers with children, the fathers‘ brothers are unlikely to be present to provide support.

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Chapter 7 Application Exercises Application Exercise 7.1: Multidisciplinary Teams in Schools Learning Objective 7.2: Identify and discuss major social work roles in the schools.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 7.3 to answer the following question: In this video, a multidisciplinary team in a school setting discuss concerns regarding a student‘s behavior.

Explain the focus of the meeting.

[Q1 Model Response] The team was meeting in order to address issues with attendance. In conducting the meeting, the team focused mostly on deficits associated with the student. Team members pointed out issues with his physically abusive behavior, his issues with missing school, challenges with a brother who dropped out and a father who is absent from his life, and his dropping GPA. The team does not take the time to explore strengths and attributes that the student has which could be used to generate options and solutions.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 7.3 to answer the following question: What would this meeting have looked like if the social worker had conducted the meeting with a strengths-based approach to identify opportunities and solutions for the student?

[Q2 Model Response] By focusing both on challenges as well as strengths, the team could identify key needs and priorities as well as solutions that tap into the strengths of the student and family. Without considering the strengths, the team may be exploring options that are not ideal for the family or the student and may lead to greater problems down the road rather than improvement and success.

Application Exercise 7.1: Ethical Dilemmas and Honoring Client Wishes Learning Objective 7.3: Explain the impact of different types of diversity in the schools.

[Q1] Scenario: Candace is a human services professional working at the same child welfare agency in their school-based mental health program for several years. She is well known in the community for her expertise in adolescent behavioral health. Candace has been working with a particularly challenging client, Sadie, for the last nine months with very little progress. Sadie is a 15-year-old high school sophomore. She is of mixed race—Puerto Rican, Salvadorian and Native American, but identifies as Puerto Rican because she traveled there to visit her mother‘s family several times. Sadie has struggled with alcohol abuse, and has admitted to smoking pot, but denies it‘s a problem. Her grades have declined in the last year, and she was referred to social work services for excessive truancy and possible depression. A few weeks ago, Sadie disclosed during a counseling session with Candace that she was pregnant. Sadie had told no one other than her boyfriend and had not sought prenatal care. Sadie denied drinking alcohol or smoking pot since learning she was pregnant, but Candace was not convinced. Candace has encouraged Sadie to share this information with her parents, but Sadie has refused, citing her 14 Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

mother‘s strong religious beliefs. Sadie is afraid her parents will kick her out of their home if they find out she‘s pregnant. Candace is considering contacting Sadie‘s parents despite Sadie‘s objections based on concerns that Sadie is potentially a danger to herself and ―others‖ (her unborn baby). Candace has discussed this with her supervisor, sharing that she suspects Sadie may still be drinking alcohol and has no immediate plans to seek prenatal care. Candace‘s supervisor expressed reservations, but since Candace is a mandated reporter, the ultimate decision is her own.

Question: Why is this an ethical dilemma and what professional ethical standard(s) can assist Candace in making her decision?

[Q1 Model Response] Students should consider the following information in forming a response: the NASW Codes of Ethics will not provide a definitive answer, but rather will assist in guiding social workers through ethical dilemmas. The Code of Ethics provides a framework that is grounded in social work values and offers insight into the responsibilities of social workers in a range of circumstances.

For example, Ethical standard 1.01 of the NASW Code of Ethics states that the Candace‘s commitment to her client is superseded by the legal requirement to report if Sadie is a threat to herself (underage drinking and using drugs). Ethical standard 1.02 outlines Candace‘s responsibility to allow for Sadie‘s self-determination regarding her own life, but again, this can be limited by Candace‘s professional judgment that Sadie‘s actions, or potential actions, pose a serious, foreseeable, and imminent risk to herself or others (her unborn child).

[Q2] Scenario: Candace is a human services professional working at the same child welfare agency in their school-based mental health program for several years. She is well known in the community for her expertise in adolescent behavioral health. Candace has been working with a particularly challenging client, Sadie, for the last nine months with very little progress. Sadie is a 15-year-old high school sophomore. She is of mixed race—Puerto Rican, Salvadorian and Native American, but identifies as Puerto Rican because she traveled there to visit her mother‘s family several times. Sadie has struggled with alcohol abuse, and has admitted to smoking pot, but denies it‘s a problem. Her grades have declined in the last year, and she was referred to social work services for excessive truancy and possible depression. A few weeks ago, Sadie disclosed during a counseling session with Candace that she was pregnant. Sadie had told no one other than her boyfriend and had not sought prenatal care. Sadie denied drinking alcohol or smoking pot since learning she was pregnant, but Candace was not convinced. Candace has encouraged Sadie to share this information with her parents, but Sadie has refused, citing her mother‘s strong religious beliefs. Sadie is afraid her parents will kick her out of their home if they find out she‘s pregnant. Candace is considering contacting Sadie‘s parents despite Sadie‘s objections based on concerns that Sadie is potentially a danger to herself and ―others‖ (her unborn baby). Candace has discussed this with her supervisor, sharing that she suspects Sadie may still be drinking alcohol and has no immediate plans to seek prenatal care. Candace‘s supervisor expressed reservations, but since Candace is a mandated reporter, the ultimate decision is her own.

Question: How does the legal requirement of mandated reporting supersede the social worker‘s desire to help Sadie and her unborn baby?

[Q2 Model Response] This is a difficult situation without easy answers. If Candace does not report Sadie to the proper authorities and something does happen to her unborn child, Candace might potentially face 15 Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

consequences at her job or with the State licensing board. On the other hand, there is no proof that Sadie is engaging in risky behavior. Perhaps a mediated solution could be that Candace works with Sadie to agree to regular testing to ensure she stays clean while pregnant. Selfdetermination for Sadie is not guaranteed in this case. Since Sadie is a minor, Candace must consider the parents‘ involvement as Sadie‘s legal guardians. They would provide informed consent and approval for continued services with Candace for Sadie‘s benefit. Candace could contract that if Sadie does not follow their agreement, that Candace will inform Sadie‘s parents.

Application Exercise 7.1: Evidence-Based Practices to Deal with Cyberbullying Learning Objective 7.4: Discuss social work values in the school setting and their policy implications.

[Q1] Scenario: Sean serves as a social worker at a local middle school that has been examining ways to reduce bullying. He was recently asked to serve on a community-based committee examining cyberbullying and the impact on the local community, particularly adolescents. The ultimate goal of the committee is to make recommendations to state legislators on whether education or a criminal justice response will be more effective in dealing with adolescents who engage in online bullying. Various committee members have expressed strong opinions about the nature of cyberbullying and how it should be addressed, with most feeling certain that only a criminal justice response would work. Almost all of the perspectives shared were based on personal experience, or stories they‘d heard from others in the community. Sean conducts a literature review on cyberbullying among adolescents and finds that in most instances, adolescents lack the understanding of the nature and impact of bullying someone online and engage in the practice as a result of peer pressure or as a joke. Studies have shown that educational approaches are the most effective forms of diversion.

Question: With the research done by Sean, how should he handle the discrepancy between the personal views of committee members and the research findings?

[Q1 Model Response] Personal knowledge can be very valuable, but it is often influenced by personal bias, and may only reflect local realities that are not widely shared. This may then lead to solutions that are off the mark and ineffective. Scholarly research is more objective and most likely can be generalized to a broader population, leading to solutions that are more effective in addressing and reducing cyberbullying. Sean must use his professional communication skills to explain the importance of research to support best practices. It is also important for Sean to specify the research findings related to adolescent cognitive and social development as a foundation to better understand the decision-making capabilities of youth. Sean should meet with committee members and explain things in a straightforward manner. He should also link the research findings to what is actually happening to adolescents in their own community to personalize the experiences and findings.

[Q2] Scenario: Sean serves as a social worker at a local middle school that has been examining ways to reduce bullying. He was recently asked to serve on a community-based committee examining cyberbullying and the impact on the local community, particularly adolescents. The ultimate goal of the committee is to make recommendations to state legislators on whether education or a criminal justice response will be more effective in dealing with adolescents who engage in online bullying. Various committee members have expressed strong opinions about 16 Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

the nature of cyberbullying and how it should be addressed, with most feeling certain that only a criminal justice response would work. Almost all of the perspectives shared were based on personal experience, or stories they‘d heard from others in the community. Sean conducts a literature review on cyberbullying among adolescents and finds that in most instances, adolescents lack the understanding of the nature and impact of bullying someone online and engage in the practice as a result of peer pressure or as a joke. Studies have shown that educational approaches are the most effective forms of diversion.

Question: What recommendations should Sean make for policy responses to cyberbullying for adolescent perpetrators, based on the research?

[Q2 Model Response] The research on adolescent cyberbullying indicated that in most instances, adolescents did not have harmful intent and were unaware of the negative impact, thus an educational approach would likely be more effective than a criminal justice approach. Based on this, Sean should make a recommendation to support legislation that builds in an educational program for schools to use especially at the middle school level in order to raise awareness about cyber-bullying and the negative impact that it has on the individual and the community.

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Chapter 7 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. In the introductory case study in Chapter 7, Lisa and Loretta Santiago were referred to Frank Haines, the social worker in a bilingual junior high school, because they had A. been fighting on school property.

B. recently enrolled in the school after moving from Mexico.

C. been absent from school for nearly two weeks.

D. been exposed to a communicable disease.

2. Frank Haines, the social worker in the introductory case study, had an unusual interest and expertise in the Latino culture because he had A. grown up in a Latino neighborhood.

B. married a woman from a large Latino family.

C. lived in Ecuador for two years as a Peace Corp worker.

D. traveled to Latin America and served as a youth worker with Latino youth.

3. After Lisa and Loretta first ran away from home, they returned after Mr. Santiago A. attended a school conference with them and the school principal.

B. talked with his wife.

C. agreed that his daughters could have freedom in dating.

D. allowed his daughters to visit his ex-wife.

4. When Lisa and Loretta ran away from home a second time, Frank Haines made temporary arrangements for them to receive care from A. relatives of their stepmother.

B. child protective services.

C. a group home.

D. a residential treatment center for emotionally disturbed youth.

5. Latinos are classified as _________________by the U.S. Census Bureau.

A. A Spanish-speaking population B. Mexican Americans C. Central Americans D. Hispanics 6. The legislation mandating that appropriate public education be provided for all disabled children requires that programs be A. offered to all children with AIDS. B. in the immediate neighborhood of the child.

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C. available in the least restrictive environment.

D. located in segregated special education facilities.

7. In the case study of Todd Larkin, a gay youth, social support first became available through A. his peer group in high school.

B. his social work instructor at the university.

C. co-workers at his part-time job.

D. a group run by the Campus Ministry at the university.

8. One impact of COVID-19 on educational systems across the United States was A. loss of educational achievement.

B. better student behavior when students returned to school.

C. lower suicide rates.

D. stronger feelings of belonging and connection to the school.

9. To reduce bullying and other forms of school violence, the CDC recommends the implementation of universal school-based programs for all students including A. conflict avoidance skills.

B. self-defense techniques.

C. nonviolent problem solving.

D. individual action and rewards.

10. Which of the following terms refers to the concept of educating a child with special needs in the regular classroom, with supplementary services provided as needed?

A. Most restricted B. Segregated C. M-teams D. Mainstream 11. Which is the primary reason that social work is secondary in school settings?

A. There are more teachers than social workers in schools.

B. Some social workers have responsibility for several schools.

C. The primary purpose of schools is the education of children.

D. Social workers are funded by a secondary budget.

12. The model for teaching children whose native language is not English through immediately plunging the student into intensive coursework to get them up to grade level in English and into regular classrooms as quickly as possible is called the A. Sheltered English Immersion (ESI) model.

B. Bilingual model.

C. English as a Second Language model.

D. Integrative model.

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13. In relation to school social work, what is an M-team?

A. A 1980s television series where a team of school staff tackled tough social problems affecting youth B. A highly skilled team of school professional modeled after and named for the state where it was first developed (Minnesota) C. A team of mental health professionals charged with delivering mental health services to school children D. A multidisciplinary team that works together to determine whether a referred child qualifies for special education services 14. What is a key concept of critical race theory?

A. Race is a biological construct.

B. Eradicating racism is solvable by changing laws and promoting education.

C. Racism only exists in our beliefs.

D. Systemic racism only plays a role in small towns across the United States.

15. Many scientists believe that a major reason why girls are maturing physically so much earlier than in past decades is A. sexual behavior is beginning earlier.

B. influences from television and movies.

C. environmental pollution.

D. improved medical care.

Essay Questions 1. Identify and examine the benefits of bilingual education and the major obstacles to its implementation.

2. Propose and discuss the steps you would take in preventing violence in a high school where there is a great deal of physical acting out.

3. If you were the school social worker serving Todd and Tim Larkin‘s high school, what would be your major goals for addressing diversity and what roles would you stress to obtain these goals?

4. Describe the roles that school social workers should take in helping to maximize developmental experiences of gay/lesbian youth.

5. Compare and contrast Ghana‘s school social work system with the school social work system in the United States.

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Chapter 7 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. C (see page 236, section titled ―Case Study 7.1‖) 2. C (see page 236, section titled ―Case Study 7.1‖) 3. B (see page 236, section titled ―Case Study 7.1‖) 4. B (see page 236, section titled ―Case Study 7.1‖) 5. D (see page 240, section titled ―A Brief History of Social Work in the Schools‖) 6. C (see page 2563, section titled ―Students with Disabilities‖) 7. D (see page 259, section titled ―Case Study 7.2‖) 8. A (see page 250, section titled ―Complications of COVID-19‖) 9. C (see page 267, section titled ―Bullying, Violence, and Trauma in the Schools‖) 10. D (see page 256, section titled ―Students with Disabilities‖) 11. C (see page 249, section titled ―Box 7.3 The Secondary Social Work Setting‖) 12. A (see page 251, section titled ―Cultural Diversity‖) 13. D (see page 256, section titled ―Students with Disabilities‖) 14. B (see page 254, section titled ―Current Issues in the Schools‖) 15. C (see page 269, section titled ―The Environment and Early Sexual Development‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 251–254, section titled ―Cultural Diversity‖): a. Two models for teaching children whose native language is not English have emerged: the bilingual model and the sheltered English immersion model. b. Bilingual model allows students to take courses like math and science in their native language while studying English is a specialized English as a Second Language (ESL) course. By using the native language for core classes, students can truly focus on the core knowledge and skills without having a gap in the technical language. As English skills develop, students are transitioned away from ESL courses and into regular classrooms. c. The sheltered English immersion model focuses on building students‘ English language skills as quickly as possible and into regular classrooms as quickly as possible.

Students are not taught in their native language to help with understanding of concepts and skills. d. Many states have passed laws eliminating bilingual education from their public schools.

The rationale is that students would learn English faster in an ―immersion‖ type of program. No research has shown that students learn faster in an English immersion classroom. e. Many educators believe that the most effective programs are dual language or programs where students learn in their native language for part of the day and study English for the other part of the day.

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2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 267–268, section titled ―Bullying, Violence, and Trauma in the Schools‖): a. Using guidelines from the CDC to reduce bullying and other forms of school violence, recommending and developing universal school-based programs delivered to all students would be one of the first steps. b. Using principles of self-determination, providing students with a voice in the types of programs they think would be most valuable would be another step to take. Giving the students a role in the decision-making process and delivery of programs selected as priorities is important for long-term commitment to solving the challenges of bullying and violence in schools. c. Building staff and community capacity to mediate conflict and provide appropriate referrals to community resources is another step that can be taken.

3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 259–262, sections titled ―Case Study 7.2‖ and ―Social Work Values in the School Setting: Policy Implications‖): a. The major goals for addressing diversity in Tood and Tim Larkin‘s high school would be to honor, appreciate, and celebrate the diversity that exists in the school and to educate staff, students, and the community on the importance of embracing and appreciating the diversity that exists. This can be done with the involvement of students, staff, and parents in developing and delivering different presentations and events throughout the school year. b. The roles of the social worker in this high school would be an advocate for diversity, encouraging changes to policies, a promoter of opportunities to celebrate the diversity in the school and community, an educator, facilitating workshops and seminars about sexual orientation, gender identity, and cultural difference, and a community organizer, building support outside the school doors.

4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 259–262, section titled ―Case Study 7.2‖): a. To maximize the developmental experience of gay/lesbian youth, school social workers should serve as an advocate for marginalized students, promoting equality, acceptance and respect of the individual and encouraging changes in policies that are unfair or discriminatory. b. Social workers should be serving as teachers, educating staff and parents about sexual orientation and gender identity. c. Social workers should be serving as supportive counselors, helping students who are gay/lesbian navigate challenges in a healthy manner. d. Social workers should be serving as community organizers, looking for ways to tap into other community resources that can help students navigate the developmental experience.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 275–278, section titled ―An International Comparison: School Social Work in Ghana‖): a. Social workers have served a prevalent role in Ghana‘s schools since 1967 when the Ghana Education Service established its own social work services. Early focus for social workers was on truancy and delinquency. School social workers now serve 22 Copyright © 2023, 2019, 2016 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

multiple roles in Ghana‘s schools. They serve as a primary link between the school and the family, making frequent home visits to assist families to become more active in their children‘s education. They also assist parents to develop positive parenting techniques and support parents with children who have disabilities to keep them in schools. With many poor children in Ghana trapped as child laborers, school social workers serve as advocates for these children, informing and working with anti-trafficking activists.

School social workers organized Ghana‘s school meal program in order to combat the widespread problems associated with poverty and hunger. They served as nutritionists, making sure the meals were nutritional and properly prepared. Finally, the social workers serve as consultants, providing teachers with information about different disabilities and potential accommodations that could be used to work with children with disabilities as well as teaching seminars on various topics to the school staff. b. In the United States, social workers are seen as a secondary resource, many times being underutilized in the daily functions of the school. Due to budget constraints, many schools in the United States do not have social workers on staff. The schools that do have social workers use them primarily to support special education services, working on M-teams and ensuring the least restrictive environment is being used in supporting a child with special needs. Social workers work at every level of intervention for students of varying disabilities. Social workers in the United States are recently becoming more involved in macro-level interventions including organizing after-school programs, parenting classes, substance abuse programs, and social-emotional learning models.

With scarce funding, social workers are also becoming grant writers in order to secure funding for needed programs.

Chapter 8 Test Item File The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Eight Edition

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Mary Ann Suppes Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 8: Social Work with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

15

Test Items

19

Test Answer Key

22

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Chapter 8: Social Work with Alcohol and Substance Use Disorders Chapter 8 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 8.1: Explain how the profession‘s history within the substance use disorders field evolved over time.

[Q1] Mary Richmond‘s interview guide for assessing clients with alcohol or substance use disorders was best known for its ability to identify ____________.

1. weakness of moral character of the alcohol or substance user 2. insights into the human condition of each alcohol or substance user [correct] 3. community programs designed to address the needs of alcohol or substance users 4. providers of the substances being overused (i.e., businesses) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The interview guide was set up to obtain facts and input from the user. Judgment was not passed by the interviewer to determine moral character.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Mary Richmond‘s interview guide focused on heredity, duration of consumption/intake behavior, causal factors, consumption/intake habits, physical condition of the client, medical treatment needed, and social conditions in which the person lived. This information enabled her to elicit information about the client‘s employment, family life, and the use of drugs and/or alcohol.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Resources were not provided as part of the interview with the user.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The interview guide was intended to gain insight about the habits and patterns of use by the user, not the businesses used to supply the substances.

[Q2] According to social work literature from 1920 to 1950, social workers worked primarily with ______________, rather than directly with people who had alcohol or substance use disorders.

1. spouses or family members of those with alcohol or substance use disorders [correct] 2. elementary and secondary schools 3. employers of those with alcohol or substance use disorders 4. medical establishments treating the physical symptoms of alcohol or substance use

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 1] At that time, the few social workers who did work in alcohol treatment programs had to reconcile their own attitudes with society‘s beliefs that alcoholism was a ―moral weakness‖ and that those individuals were ―morally depraved and lacked character‖. Thus, social workers and other professionals tended to focus on interventions with the person‘s spouse and/or family.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] During this time frame, there were no programs to address alcohol and substance abuse in K12 schools.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Generally speaking, during this time frame, social workers were not employed to provide support to employers with employees who were using alcohol or drugs. Currently, many employers have Employee Assistance Programs (EAP) in which social workers provide counseling and services to employees.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social workers were employed in medical and rehabilitation settings and dealt primarily with the patients who were using alcohol or drugs.

[Q3] Which professional organization categorized alcoholism as a disease in 1956, thus making it a treatable illness?

1. National Association of Social Workers (NASW) 2. National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) 3. American Psychiatric Association (APA) 4. American Medical Association (AMA) [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] NASW recognizes alcoholism as a disease but was not responsible for categorizing it for formal treatment and reimbursement for care.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] NAMI recognizes the link between alcohol or drug use and mental illness but did not categorize either alcohol or drug use as a treatable illness by the medical establishment.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The APA identifies alcoholism as a disease but was not responsible for categorizing it for formal treatment and reimbursement for care.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The AMA proclaimed that alcoholism was a disease in 1956. This led to an increase of social workers in the substance abuse field, along with greater efforts to educate communities that alcohol abuse is a disease, rather than merely a moral weakness of the individual.

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Learning Objective 8.2: Identify the critical components of professional practice.

[Q1] Significant efforts of churches and schools within this group have resulted in a very gradual decline in the lifetime use/abuse of illicit drugs by this group. It is the efforts of the churches and schools that were the major driving force behind the reduction.

1. Native Americans 2. Hispanic Americans 3. White Americans 4. Black Americans [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Native Americans showed a decrease from 60.9 to 55.7 percent between 2014 and 2019. It is important to note, however, that this reduction was not as a result of specific church and school efforts.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The Hispanic population showed an increase in illicit drug use from 38.9.4 to 40.1 percent.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The data for the White population reflect an increase in lifetime use, from 53.8 in 2014 to 55.6 percent in 2019.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] In 2014, African American lifetime illicit drug use was 47.6 percent compared with 46.9 percent in 2019. The data for the White population reflect an increase in lifetime use, from 53.8 in 2014 to 55.6 percent in 2019.The Hispanic population showed an increase in illicit drug use from 38.9.4 to 40.1 percent while Native Americans showed a decrease from 60.9 to 55.7 percent.

[Q2] Which group has a death rate from alcohol-related causes that is three times greater than that of White Americans?

1. Hispanic Americans 2. African Americans 3. Native Americans [correct] 4. Asian Americans [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Hispanic Americans die from alcohol-related issues at almost the same rate as White Americans.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] African Americans are 1.5 times as likely as Whites to die from alcohol-related complications.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Native Americans are among the poorest ethnic groups in the United States. Approximately twenty percent of Native Americans live below the poverty line. Health disparities are correlated with low socioeconomic status. With extremely high rates of alcohol and illicit drug use, Native Americans also experience exceptionally high rates of suicide, homicide, car accidents, and deaths associated with cirrhosis. Native Americans are three times more likely to die from alcohol-related complications than their White counterparts.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Asian Americans are 4.5 times less likely to die from alcohol related complications that White Americans.

[Q3] A condition where abnormalities in children are the result of alcohol consumption while in utero is known as_________.

1. fetal alcohol syndrome [correct] 2. cross-addiction 3. codependency (mother and child) 4. cross-dependency [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Fetal alcohol syndrome is the direct result of the mother‘s heavy use of alcohol during pregnancy. Common abnormalities among children with FAS are deficiencies in growth, developmental delays, characteristic facial features, cleft palate, and ongoing behavioral issues.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Cross addiction is not a term used in professional settings to identify individuals with developmental abnormalities as a result of alcohol consumption.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Codependency is not a term used in professional settings to identify infants with developmental abnormalities as a result of alcohol consumption by the mother.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Cross dependency is not a term used in professional settings to identify infants with developmental abnormalities as a result of alcohol consumption by the mother.

[Q4] Which of the following is the most appropriate focus of generalist practice theory on which intervention plans are based?

1. Client income level 2. Familial history 3. Careful assessment of the individual person within the totality of her or his life situation [correct] 4. Geographic location

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Income level may identify the socioeconomic status of the client, which is helpful information for a social worker to have when determining treatment options but is not a thorough enough indicator on which to base an intervention plan.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Family history of alcohol or drug use is an important factor in understanding the totality of a person‘s own struggles with use or addiction but is not a thorough enough indicator on which to base an intervention plan.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Social workers must to take into consideration factors such as the person‘s gender, age, culture and ethnicity, and the availability of social supports when developing intervention plans.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] A client‘s physical location may provide information to understand access to alcohol or drugs but is not the only indicator on which to base an intervention plan.

[Q5] Which of the following from the NSASW Code of Ethics addresses a ―condition in which a professional person‘s problems including substance use interfere with their ability to practice their profession with competence and integrity‖?

1. Service 2. Impairment [correct] 3. Integrity 4. Social justice [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Service is a core value of the NASW Code of Ethics and the social work profession. Service aligns with the ethical principle that the primary goal of social workers is to help people in need and to address social problems.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The Code of Ethics requires that social workers who recognize that their own personal problems are threatening their professional performance, thinking, and judgment must take action immediately to address the problem. This could mean taking a leave of absence to obtain treatment, terminating their employment, or taking other appropriate action. The NASW Code of Ethics also addresses the difficult ethical situation that could occur if a professional colleague‘s substance use is of concern. In this case, the code of ethics recommends that the social worker should discuss her or his concerns with the colleague in an effort to help that person take the necessary action to resolve the problem. If the colleague fails to address the problem, the social worker would have to notify the appropriate authorities such as the social worker‘s supervisor or administrator within their organization or, if necessary, a social work licensing agency or other appropriate authority.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Integrity requires social workers to behave in a trustworthy manner. Whether an individual social worker or a professional colleague is struggling with substance use, this could impact the professional‘s integrity, depending on how the concern is addressed and rectified.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social justice is another important social work value. This one addresses the importance of social workers challenging injustices on both an individual and global scale.

Learning Objective 8.3: Explain the current classification of substances that relate to substance use disorders.

[Q1] According to the text, the primary reason that caffeine was added to the DSM5-TR as a potential substance use disorder is_________.

1. caffeine is so widely used and in great quantity 2. there is extensive data indicating that caffeine is addictive and harmful 3. caffeine produces both intoxication and withdrawal [correct] 4. severe caffeine intoxication can cause death [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Wide use and quantities available are not reasons for assignation of a substance to be addictive. The effects of said substance (s) is what qualifies it for potential abuse.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Although research shows that caffeine is addictive and can be harmful to one‘s physical health, it is not a mind altering substance that affects cognitive functioning in the same way as alcohol or illicit drugs.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Caffeine is the only class of substances for which there is currently no well documented substance use disorder, but does produce both intoxication and withdrawal. Caffeine is present in many of the foods we eat and beverages we consume. High level caffeine intoxication is dangerous in that medical attention may be required to prevent death.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Extreme caffeine intoxication can lead to death, but is not common.

[Q2] Which age group is especially vulnerable to use of inhalants to ―get high‖?

1. Adults 25–40 2. Adults 41–55 3. Youth 10–17 [correct] 4. Young adults 18–24

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Adults 25–40 are not highly likely to use inhalants.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Adults 41–55 are the least likely among these age groups to use inhalants.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Youth ages 10–17 are most at risk for using inhalants. Substances inhaled include, but are not limited to gasoline, paint thinner, propane, glue, computer cleaner spray, and CO2 cartridges.

These items tend to be inexpensive and readily accessible.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Young adults 18–24 who use drugs may have tried inhalants, but most have moved onto other substances including cannabis, cocaine, etc.

[Q3] Which substance is generally recognized as the most abused in the United States?

1. Alcohol [correct] 2. Opioids 3. Stimulants 4. Sedatives [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Alcohol is the most abused substance in the United States and in many other countries as well.

It is easily accessible and is low-cost when compared to other substances. Alcohol is legal in the United States for consumers over the age of 21. There is less stigma attached to alcohol use than other illicit substances, making it more ―socially acceptable‖.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Opioids are the fastest growing substance being abused in the United States. However, it currently ranks third in abuse.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Stimulants include cocaine and methamphetamines, and currently do not rank in the top five substances abused in the United States.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Sedatives include benzodiazepines and barbiturates and are not as high on the list of abused substances as others shown here.

[Q4] What is the primary concern for physicians regarding the use of sedatives?

1. Dual diagnosis 2. Potentiation [correct]

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3. Tolerance 4. Substance-induced disorder [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Dual diagnosis is defined as the co-existence of mental illness and chemical dependence; this situation requires careful assessment and well-coordinated treatment between the substance abuse and mental health programs.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Potentiation is the dramatically increased potential for serious, even life-threatening hazards to health resulting from the combination of two or more chemical substances. Sedatives can create psychological dependence and are most hazardous when combined with alcohol or other drugs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Tolerance is the continuing need to use increasing amounts of a substance to achieve a desired effect. This is not typically associated with prescription sedatives.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] A substance-induced disorder is a condition in which intoxication or withdrawal symptoms that are reversible occur during or following substance specific use.

[Q5] One key strategy being used in communities across all 50 states to reduce opioid overdose deaths is___.

1. needle exchange programs 2. increased prescriptions for painkillers 3. enacted public notice periods to speed up the implementation of demonstration projects using medical treatment for opioid use disorder.

4. use of naloxone [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Needle exchange programs are one example of the harm reduction model, but is not the primary focus of preventing opioid addiction deaths.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The first wave of the opioid epidemic occurred in the 1990s with the increase in prescribing opioids as painkillers following surgery, injury, or diagnosis with cancer as a less expensive option than other alternative treatments for pain.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The federal government actually waived public notice periods to speed up the implementation of demonstration projects using medical treatment for opioid use disorder.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Naloxone is a medication that can reverse an overdose from opioids. Often given as a nasal spray, naloxone is easy and safe to use. Naloxone is available in local pharmacies without a prescription, community-based programs, and syringe services programs.

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Learning Objective 8.4: Compare and contrast the models for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders globally.

[Q1] The primary models for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders in the United States are abstinence and 12-step recovery models. What is the ultimate goal for both of these models?

1. Complete and total cessation of all substance use [correct] 2. Reduction of substance use 3. Increased use of substances for a scheduled period of time while in treatment, then a sudden cessation to measure the effects of abruptly stopping its usage 4. Continued use of substances coupled with harm reduction strategies to mitigate the long term negative effects of substance use [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] AA and similar type programs describe themselves as a fellowship of people who seek to help themselves and others to recover from alcoholism by sharing their experiences. Abstinence from alcohol is a basic tenet of AA. The 12 steps of the program are the basic process by which members learn to keep themselves sober. They utilize ―sponsors‖ as part of the support system for those in recovery. These individuals are experienced members of AA and act as sponsors without pay.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Reduction of substance use has not proven successful in the United States. Harm reduction models for treatment and cessation of substance use disorders are growing in popularity.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Research does not support increasing use of substances then abrupt cessation in an effort to overcome addiction.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Harm reduction strategies have not proven to offset the negative effects of long term substance use.

[Q2] Which two large U.S. cities were featured in your text for having studied the effects of poverty on rates of substance use/abuse and environmental effects of drug use on neighborhoods?

1. Chicago, Phoenix 2. Boston, Seattle 3. Los Angeles, Miami 4. New York, Milwaukee [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Neither Phoenix nor Chicago was featured in the chapter for their efforts to combat substance use and its effects on neighborhoods.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Neither Boston nor Seattle was featured in the chapter for their efforts to combat substance use and its effects on neighborhoods.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Neither Los Angeles nor Miami was featured in the chapter for their efforts to combat substance use and its effects on neighborhoods.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] New York City completed ecological study that linked environmental conditions to deaths resulting from substance abuse. The study found that a low level of homeownership was correlated with exceptionally high rates of drug use. In census tracts with the lowest levels of homeownership, deaths from substance use were exceptionally high. In these areas, whole neighborhoods were left without needed human support and connectivity and invited drug usage. In Milwaukee, Common Ground, a nonprofit organization, challenged the banks that owned these properties to exercise social responsibility in caring for the homes and providing security. Common Ground also developed the Milwaukee Rising program, in which the organization purchased, rehabilitated, and sold almost 100 homes in Milwaukee‘s Sherman Park neighborhood since the recession. When churches, university faculty and students, and neighbors of foreclosed homes united in demanding action, the banks began to respond, thus decreasing the environmental threat to entire neighborhoods.

[Q3] A main concern of health care professionals regarding the effectiveness of programs like Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is that_____.

1. the client is in control to make decisions for him or herself 2. there is very little empirical evidence of its effectiveness; there are no records, therapists, or paid professional group leaders [correct] 3. countries with AA-type programs have lower rates of drug addiction than those without 4. countries with AA-type programs continue to have higher rates of drug addiction than those without [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Despite the philosophy of self-determination, some clients are not capable of making decisions in their own best interest.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] AA is believed to be effective, but its outcomes are difficult to measure due to the lack of record keeping, etc. As professions such as medicine, social work, and psychology become increasingly more evidence-based, this lack of outcome data could become a hurdle for referrals to and appreciation of AA and similar programs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There is little empirical data to support the notion that countries using AA models experience lower rates of addiction than others.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] There is little empirical data to support the notion that countries using AA models experience higher rates of addiction than others.

[Q4] Which country has perhaps the most strict drug laws in the world?

1. Germany 2. Mexico 3. Turkey 4. Singapore [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Germany has a history of alcohol and drug tolerance and has used social workers in drug prevention and treatment programs since the early 1900s. In schools, social workers are a part of the prevention effort. Outpatient treatment programs are said to be dominated by social workers. They also provide case management and individual and group treatment in inpatient facilities.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] There is an interesting paradox regarding drug laws in Mexico. It is not a crime to use psychoactive substances in Mexico, but possession of a drug for the purpose of using it is classified as a crime.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] In Turkey, penalties for drug possession include large fines and lengthy prison sentences.

Penalties for selling drugs can be even stricter.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Singapore will enforce the death penalty for anyone found guilty of trafficking large amounts of dangerous drugs. Worship and religious education are the foundations of their communitybased rehabilitation programs, rather than focusing on counseling or social work interventions.

They also utilize ―cold turkey detoxification‖ for offenders for up to 36 months.

Learning Objective 8.5: Discuss the social justice and human rights issues in U.S. social welfare policy related to substance use disorders.

[Q1] Which piece of federal legislation set mandatory minimum sentences for specific drug offenses?

1. Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 2. 1914 Harrison Narcotics Act 3. Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 [correct] 4. Fair sentencing Act of 2010

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 reclassified the substances, separating alcohol and tobacco from other substances. Heroin, LSD, and marijuana remained in a separate category that brought penalties, including imprisonment, for their sale.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The Harrison Narcotics Act of 1914 outlawed the use of narcotics for nonmedical purposes.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The Anti-Drug Abuse Act was passed during the Reagan administration. The enhanced penalties for drug-related offenses focused the response to the problem of drugs on the court and prison systems rather than a prevention and treatment approach.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Fair Sentencing Act of 2010 dramatically revised the inequities in crack vs. powder cocaine, as well as other drug-related sentencing.

[Q2] Data showing the trend in illicit drug use in the United States over the last forty years reveals a_____.

1. marked increase 2. marked decrease 3. gradual increase 4. gradual decline [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] While there have been drastic increases among specific substances (i.e., opioids, cocaine/crack), the overall consumption of illegal drugs has not markedly increased.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] While there have been drastic decreases among specific substances (i.e., inhalants), the overall consumption of illegal drugs has not markedly decreased.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While there have been drastic increases among specific substances (i.e., marijuana), the overall consumption of illegal drugs has not markedly increased. It is important to note that several U.S. states have decriminalized possession and consumption of marijuana.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Despite public perception, illicit drug use has slowly declined since 1979. In 2014, 10.2 percent of the U.S. population over twelve years of age reported having used illicit drugs, compared to 14.1 percent of the population in 1979.

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[Q3] Which organization advocated for the prohibition of alcohol sales in 1919 (which would become the 18th amendment to the U.S. constitution)?

1. The Woman‘s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) [correct] 2. League of Women Voters 3. National Association of Social Workers 4. The Federal Tavern League [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The Woman‘s Christian Temperance Union was founded in 1874 to pursue social reform, education, and legislation regarding alcohol use. The WCTU collaborated with the Anti-Saloon League to promote the passage of the 18th amendment (The Volstead Act) which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The League of Women Voters was active in the early 1900s to pass voting rights laws for women in the United States. The right of women to vote was ratified in 1920.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] NASW is the professional organization for social workers and was created in 1955.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Federal Tavern League does not exist. However, there is a Tavern League of Wisconsin, which began in 1935. The League has more than 5000 members and lobbies for member interests at the state and federal level and supports members in complying with legal issues facing their businesses.

[Q4] Which of the following is the successor to the Fair Sentencing Act of 2010?

1. Anti-Drug Abuse Act 2. First Step Act [correct] 3. 18th amendment to the U.S. Constitution 4. War on Drugs [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The 1986 Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986 set mandatory minimum sentences for specific drug offenses.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The 2018 First Step Act removed a major discrepancy in the Fair Sentencing Act from 2010.

This Act mandates that the Fair Sentencing Act apply retroactively, which means that the First Step Act now applies to those offenders who were sentenced under the Fair Sentencing Act. As a result, sentences have been reduced to reflect the intended equity in sentencing by these two laws.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The 18th amendment to the U.S. Constitution is the 1919 Volstead Act, which outlawed the manufacture and sale of alcohol in the United States.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The ―War on Drugs‖ was the 1971 policy of former President Richard Nixon to combat the use and trafficking of illegal drugs. With the support of Congress, Nixon increased the criminal penalty for drug dealing. Subsequent presidents and Congresses further stiffened penalties for use and selling drugs and massively funded imprisonment for drug offenses.

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Chapter 8 Application Exercises Application Exercise 8.1: Self-Determination and Sobriety Learning Objective 8.2: Identify the critical components of professional practice.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 8.1 to answer the following question: What are two ways the social work practitioner must display collaborative decision-making with the client?

[Q1 Model Response] Student responses should include the practitioner following the lead of the client and allowing adequate time for the client to process the information regarding treatment options and to ask questions. Both of these afford the client the opportunity to comprehend and consent to treatment.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 8.1 to answer the following question: Why is it important for the practitioner to emphasize the use of evidence-based practice when providing treatment options to the client?

[Q2 Model Response] Students should consider the following: The client can only make an informed decision when he has all of the information available to process. This requires the social worker to explain evidence-based practice, which allows for client self-determination. In addition, the social worker is displaying ethical practice by educating the client on all of his options.

Application Exercise 8.2: The Opioid Crisis in America Learning Objective 8.3: Explain the current classification of substances that relate to substance use disorders.

[Artifact] The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) campaign focused on overdose prevention The CDC‘s work is guided by following principles and five strategic priorities to address the overdose crisis: Principles:  Promote health equity—ensure everyone has an equitable opportunity to prevent overdose and substance use-related harms.  Address underlying factors—Identify contributing factors to substance use to better design and focus interventions.  Partner broadly—work with multiple sectors and organizations to develop, coordinate, and implement targeted strategies.

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 Take evidence-based action—promote the use of strategies that have been extensively researched by scientists, demonstrating their effectiveness in preventing and reducing overdoses.  Advance science—build evidence-based strategies to prevent overdose and substance use-related harms.  Drive innovation—promote the generation, implementation, evaluation, and adoption of innovative solutions to the overdose crisis.

Strategic Priorities:  Surveillance—monitoring overdose-related emergency department visits and deaths to be responsive to emerging patterns and spikes.  Prevention—providing training to healthcare and first responders to focus on alternative strategies for pain management and response to emergency call and department visits related to opioid overdoses.  Evaluation—monitoring program effectiveness and sharing strategies that are effectively reducing opioid use, abuse, and overdoses across partnering organizations.  Impact—building community capacity to create safe neighborhoods that are free of opioid abuse and addiction through public education and awareness.  The CDC is implementing its strategic priorities through a national program, Overdose Data to Action (OD2A), coordinating efforts with 66 other agencies including state, territorial, county, and city health departments.

[Q1] Please revisit the section “The Opioid Epidemic in America” to answer the following question: How do you see the work of social workers fitting into the CDC principles to address the opioid epidemic?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses should include the following: Social workers are on the front line working with people using opioids, in hospital and rehab settings, and with families who have lost a loved one to addiction. Providing service (a core social work value) to clients and working to achieve social justice (another important social work value) align with the principles which provide specific actions that can be taken by social workers and other professionals to combat the crisis.

[Q2] Please revisit the section on “The Opioid Epidemic in America” to answer the following question: The Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) requires that social work students learn to engage in research-informed practice and practice-informed research as part of their field education experience. How does this directive play out for a student in a hospital setting with the CDC‘s strategic priorities?

[Q2 Model Response] Social Work students should be working closely with the field instructors to gather data as outlined in the strategic priorities. This information will inform the types of interventions available to people who present with an opioid overdose. In addition, students may work on larger community-focused initiatives to educate the public about opioid use and abuse.

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Application Exercise 8.3: The Harm Reduction Model for Substance Abuse Treatment Learning Objective 8.4: Compare and contrast the models for prevention and treatment of substance use disorders globally.

[Artifact] The Harm Reduction Model The harm reduction model operates under the following eight principles:  Accepts, for better or worse, that licit and illicit drug use is part of our world and chooses to work to minimize its harmful effects rather than simply ignore or condemn them  Understands drug use as a complex, multifaceted phenomenon that encompasses a continuum of behaviors from severe use to total abstinence, and acknowledges that some ways of using drugs are clearly safer than others  Establishes quality of individual and community life and well-being—not necessarily cessation of all drug use—as the criteria for successful interventions and policies  Calls for the nonjudgmental, noncoercive provision of services and resources to people who use drugs and the communities in which they live in order to assist them in reducing attendant harm  Ensures that people who use drugs and those with a history of drug use routinely have a real voice in the creation of programs and policies designed to serve them  Affirms people who use drugs (PWUD) themselves as the primary agents of reducing the harms of their drug use and seeks to empower PWUD to share information and support each other in strategies which meet their actual conditions of use  Recognizes that the realities of poverty, class, racism, social isolation, past trauma, sexbased discrimination, and other social inequalities affect both people‘s vulnerability to and capacity for effectively dealing with drug-related harm  Does not attempt to minimize or ignore the real and tragic harm and danger that can be associated with illicit drug use [Q1] Please revisit the section on ―The Harm Reduction Model‖ to answer the following question: to answer the following question: What is the intent of the Harm Reduction Model?

[Q1 Model Response] The intent of the harm reduction model is to reduce the harm or damage that occurs when people are abusing drugs and/or alcohol. The intent is to gradually reduce substance use, but with the recognition that addiction is a powerful force that takes time to change and that people who are using substances can seriously harm themselves and others.

[Q2] Please revisit the section on ―The Harm Reduction Model‖ to answer the following question: Which social work core values support the tenets of the harm reduction model?

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[Q2 Model Response] This model aligns with the social work profession‘s mantra to ―meet clients where they are‖. This means acknowledging the substance use or abuse, and working from that current experience to address, and in some cases end, one‘s journey with addiction. The harm reduction approach is strongly grounded in the strengths perspective. Labeling of persons using drugs or alcohol ―alcoholic,‖ ―substance abuser,‖ or other negative terms, has been replaced with respect and collaborative relationships.

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Chapter 8 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. Coexistence of mental illness and chemical dependence is known as A. potentiation.

B. substance-related disorder.

C. dual diagnosis.

D. fetal alcohol syndrome.

2. The history of the social work profession in the substance use disorder field began with the early social work pioneer A. Jane Addams.

B. Mary Richmond.

C. Dorothea Dix. D. Julia Lathrop.

3. Who wrote the 1957 article, urging social workers to help change public attitudes toward alcoholism, which is a classic in the field of social work and substance use disorder?

A. Jane Sapir B. Catherine M. Peltenburg C. Mary Richmond D. Frances Perkins 4. The most abused substance is A. steroids.

B. cocaine.

C. tranquilizers.

D. alcohol.

5. What must one do before developing an intervention plan?

A. Evaluate the client‘s progress.

B. Make an assessment of the situation.

C. Develop a treatment plan.

D. Remove all substances from the client‘s environment.

6. The first wave of increased opioid use in the United States resulted from the A. manufacture and rise of synthetic opioids.

B. rise in the use of heroin, which became less expensive than cocaine.

C. development and prescription of opioid-based painkillers.

D. declaration of public health emergencies.

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7. Which of the following is TRUE about Alcoholics Anonymous?

A. Membership in AA has been open to men and women since the group‘s founding.

B. Some social workers serve AA in a professional capacity as group facilitators.

C. Each AA group decides the central principles guiding the actions of AA members through self-determination.

D. Spawned mutual aid groups for co-dependents and adult children of alcoholics.

8. According to the DSM 5 criteria, the word ―addiction‖ has been replaced by what term because of its negative connotation and because ―addiction‖ was not well defined?

A. Alcohol dependence B. Substance use disorder C. Alcoholism D. Reactive alcoholism 9. For assessment purposes, the DSM 5 breaks down patterns of behavior that relate to the potential course of what term?

A. Alcohol dependence B. Substance use disorder C. Alcoholism D. Reactive alcoholism 10. A condition where abnormalities in children are caused by heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy is known as A. cross-addiction.

B. fetal alcohol syndrome.

C. codependency (mother and child).

D. alcohol withdrawal syndrome.

11. The model used in Europe, Canada, and Australia for substance use disorder is called A. The Harm Reduction Model.

B. The Twelve Step Model.

C. The Complete Abstinence Model.

D. The Mental Health Model.

12. The individual who helped move social workers away from the extremely rigid, moralistic view of ―the inebriate‖ that was held by contemporary society in the early 1900s is A. Jane Addams.

B. Mary Richmond.

C. Dorothea Dix. D. Julia Lathrop.

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13. It is estimated that only a small portion of this substance use disorder group receives services. This group is A. children.

B. older adults.

C. women.

D. men.

14. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2015 Substance Abuse publication reported that a specific group is more likely than the general population to be users of alcohol and drugs, to have high rates of substance abuse, and to be more likely to sustain heavy alcohol use into later adult life (2015). This group is composed of A. Native Americans.

B. The LGBTQ population.

C. African Americans.

D. Caucasians.

15. Significant efforts of churches and schools of this group have resulted in a marked decline in the use and abuse of alcohol. This group is composed of A. Native Americans.

B. The LGBTQ population.

C. African Americans.

D. Caucasians.

Essay Questions 1. Identify the populations that are most at-risk for developing a substance use disorder problem and explain why these populations are most at-risk.

2. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of group treatment of those with the substance use disorder of alcohol.

3. Identify and describe the major link between environmental conditions and substance use disorder. What role can social workers play given this link?

4. Discuss how the human brain‘s biochemical system responds to drugs and activates the reward circuit of the brain, and how a social worker would apply this knowledge in working with individuals with substance use disorders.

5. Describe U.S. alcohol and drug policy. What recommendations would you make in this policy work?

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Chapter 8 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. C (see page 297 section titled ―Persons with Disabilities or Dual Diagnoses/Comorbidities‖) 2. B (see page 283, section titled ―Early History of Social Work Involvement: Mary Richmond‖) 3. A (see page 283 section titled ―Social Work Contributions and Leadership Evolve‖) 4. D (see page 297 section titled ―The Classes of Substances Used‖) 5. B (see page 287 section titled ―Assessment‖) 6. C (see page 300 section titled ―The Opioid Epidemic in America‖) 7. D (see page 305, section titled ―U.S. Model: Alcoholics Anonymous‖) 8. B (see page 287, section titled ―Engagement‖) 9. B (see page 287, section titled ―Engagement‖) 10. B (see page 291, section titled ―Women and Children‖) 11. A (see page 303, section titled ―A European Prevention and Treatment Approach: The Harm Reduction Model‖) 12. B (see page 283, section titled ―Early History of Social Work Involvement: Mary Richmond‖) 13. C (see page 291, section titled ―Women and Children‖) 14. B (see page 296, section titled ―Persons Who Are Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, or Queer‖) 15. C (see page 295 section titled ―African Americans‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 291–297, section titled ―Diversity: Gender, Age, Culture and Race/Ethnicity Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, Disability‖): a. Among the most vulnerable populations in the United States are women and children.

Only a small percentage of women with alcohol use disorders receive treatment due to social stigma and societal attitude that considers women immoral if they drink to excess. b. Children may have physical, emotional, and intellectual problems as a result of substance use disorder of their parents. Fetal alcohol syndrome is abnormalities in children that result from heavy alcohol consumption during pregnancy. c. Older adults are at-risk for developing substance use disorder problems due to over prescription of opioid-based painkillers. As baby boomers age, they bring with them the second highest lifetime illicit drug use. d. Native Americans have one of the highest rates of all illicit drug use due to factors associated with racism and poverty. This results in exceptionally high rates of suicide, homicide, motor vehicle accidents, and deaths associated with cirrhosis. e. Use of illicit drugs has been increasing more rapidly with the Hispanic population than other ethnic groups, but the strong family structure in the Hispanic culture may discourage heavy use that leads to substance use disorders.

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f.

For African Americans, drug use has been especially devastating, leading to family violence and crime and resulting in the need for shelter care for women and children.

Families have struggled to remain intact, leaving extended families to care for children.

Churches and schools have played a key role in marked declines in the use of alcohol

by African Americans.

g. The LGBTQ population is more likely than the general population to have high rates of substance abuse. This has been a response to homophobic violence they have experienced because of their sexual orientation. Substance use disorders have also contributed to other social and mental health problems. h. Persons with disabilities are at-risk of developing substance use disorders. They turn to drug use to make their lives more bearable. Many who are homeless are persons with dual diagnosis. It is often difficult for these individuals to comply with treatment plans or keep scheduled appointments for treatment.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 289–290, section titled ―Intervention‖): a. Group treatment serves as a type of intervention that focuses on changing behaviors that are harmful through the use of positive and negative reinforcement. b. The advantages of group treatment for substance abuse disorder of alcohol are the creation of self-help networks to support individuals who are working on getting clean and sober, involvement of family and friends to discourage patterns of excessive use, and the use of a sounding board when the addict is craving for the drug and needs to talk through not engaging in use. c. One disadvantage of group treatment is the lack of addressing what may be at the root of the substance abuse disorder (violence, poverty, and discrimination). Without addressing these problems directly, the change in behavior may be short lived with the user going back to abusing drugs when they go back to the same environment. Another disadvantage is that it may lead to feelings of isolation and despair for some abusers.

With the focus on negative reinforcement, some may see this as rejection and withdraw from group treatment and the potential benefits that exist.

3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 306–307, section titled ―Environmental Perspectives‖): a. Environmental conditions like poverty, homelessness, and violence are linked to increases in deaths from substance use. In neighborhoods of high poverty and homelessness, there is a lack of human support and connectivity and greater social disorganization. Abandoned homes become an environmental hazard that were broken into, set on fire, and used for illicit drug activity. b. A response to these environmental conditions needs to go beyond rehabilitation of individuals and focus on community action groups that organize cleanup efforts, set up block watches and community policing, and help families secure home mortgages. The Harm Reduction model also applies, meeting clients and the community where they are, realizing it takes time to change environments and behaviors. c. The role of social workers in these situations is more of a community advocate and organizer, focused on rehabilitating deteriorating neighborhoods, reducing poverty, improving safety, and reducing crime rates.

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4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 286–291, section titled ―Problem Solving: Use of Engagement, Assessment, Intervention and Evaluation‖): a. Many of the substances identified in the DSM-5-TR create either a euphoric effect, leading to extreme highs and feelings of happiness or extreme cravings, spending a great deal of time trying to obtain the substance. b. These changes in the brain‘s biochemical system caused by the substances lead to symptoms for substance use disorder. These symptoms identified by the American Psychiatric Association range from impaired control to social impairment, to risky use to unpleasant physiological symptoms. c. As part of the assessment step in the problem-solving process, social workers can consider the criteria/symptoms being exhibited by the person with the substance use disorder. If the person exhibits two-three symptoms, they may have a mild disorder. A moderate disorder may exist if four to five symptoms are present. A severe disorder may exist if six or more symptoms are prevalent. d. Based on this assessment of the severity of the disorder, an appropriate intervention can be identified and put into place by the social worker.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 307–310, section titled ―U.S. Social Welfare Policy‖): a. U.S. drug and alcohol policy has tended to be punitive in nature. The Temperance Movement led to the ratification of the 18th Amendment, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. Despite attempts to enforce this through incarceration, American society never accepted this. As more harmful drugs like heroin, cocaine, and LSD became available, the policy response was to penalize the sale or use of these drugs, including imprisonment. In the 1980s, the federal government shifted funds away from treatment to law enforcement and imprisonment. The public supported harsher prison sentences as a response to the drug problem. Recently, there has been a push toward legalizing marijuana in states and using the revenue generated by the sale to pay for increases in drug rehabilitation and community programs to curtail drug use. b. One recommendation is to look at what other countries are doing with the harm reduction model. This model aligns better with social work standards and code of ethics. It maintains a person‘s dignity, aligns with social justice and human rights, and moves away from a punitive approach that criminalizes a medical disorder rather than treating it.

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The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction Chapterto9Social Work and Social Welfare

Test Item File Eight Edition Mary Ann Suppes

Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 9: Social Work with Older Adults Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

13

Test Items

16

Test Answer Key

19

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Chapter 9: Social Work with Older Adults Chapter 9 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 9.1: Describe the history of social work with older adults.

[Q1] By the turn of the twentieth century, perceptions of older adults had changed from __________________ to focus on the ___________________.

1. Admiring role models; problems they faced [correct] 2. Wisdom; life experiences 3. Weaknesses; strengths 4. Problems; contributions [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Throughout the nineteenth century, older adults served as role models and mentors for younger generations, providing guidance and care. By the turn of the twentieth century, this perception had changed. The focus became the problems of older adults rather than their wisdom and strength.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Older adults had previously been admired for their wisdom, but their life experiences were no longer a point of positive perception.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Weakness became a primary focus of older adults in the twentieth century. Strengths of older adults were no longer a focus of younger generations.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Problems were the focus in the twentieth century while contributions had been the focus in the previous century.

[Q2] Which social worker led the nation‘s relief efforts during the Great Depression and worked diligently to achieve passage of the Social Security Act of 1935?

1. Bernard Nash 2. Rose Dobroff 3. Pat Smythe 4. Harry Hopkins [correct]

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Bernard Nash organized the first White House Conference on Aging in 1961. This significant conference, which reconvenes every 10 years (most recently in 2015), has led to such important legislation as Medicare and the Older Americans Act. [Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Rose Dobroff founded Hunter College‘s Brookdale Center on Aging in 1975 and served as its director until 1994. In 1995, President Clinton appointed Dobroff to the policy committee of the White House Conference on Aging and to membership on the Federal Council on Aging. She co-chaired the U.S. Committee for the Celebration of the United Nations Year of Older Persons in 1999.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Pat Smythe was the social worker in the Chapter 9 case study.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Harry Hopkins, a social worker, was instrumental in improving conditions for older adults. He led relief efforts during the Great Depression and worked to pass the Social Security Act of 1935.

[Q3] Box 9.1 features a short vignette involving the chapter case study‘s client, Abbie, and Harriet the volunteer. Which social work value best relates to their interaction in this scenario?

1. Service 2. Competence 3. Importance of human relationships [correct] 4. Integrity [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Harriet did provide a service for Abbie, purchasing the DVD player and bringing her flowers, but these actions were secondary to another more important value in action.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Harriet is competent in her duties as Abbie‘s power of attorney for health care. This is a voluntary role and brings Harriet satisfaction and Abbie peace of mind and companionship.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] By listening to Abbie and physically experiencing Abbie‘s view from her bed, Harriet realized that Abbie was not going to use the DVD player. The importance of human relationships is the key social work value that influenced their dialogue and experience on that day.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Harriet has performed her duties with integrity. She took the time to recognize the reason Abbie was resistant to use the DVD player and ultimately realized Abbie did not want or need the device. Again, this was important but not the single most important value.

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[Q4] The coordination of care is often referred to as _____________________.

1. Continuum of care 2. Case management [correct] 3. Advocacy 4. Counseling [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The continuum of care is designed to prolong the independence of older adults. It involves many facets of care, categorized within and across in-home services, community services, and institutional services.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Case management is a major task for social workers who work with older adults. One of their many responsibilities is to monitor services for clients to ensure the services truly meet the needs of each client.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Advocacy is a continuous effort for the rights of people young and old. Advocacy can take many forms including petitioning, protesting, and use of the media.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Counseling is a 1:1 professional relationship between client and social worker, or in a group setting. The coordination of care may impact the assignation of a therapist to a client but is not central to the counseling itself.

[Q5] Social workers are encouraged to use which approach to working with older adults?

1. Deficit-focus 2. Empowerment [correct] 3. One-size-fits-all 4. Advocacy [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers must approach their work from a strengths perspective, never from a deficit approach.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The empowerment model helps older adults enhance coping skills through consciousness raising, education, and support. It includes three basic strategies: assisting older adults, individually and collectively, to define their own needs; promoting conscious awareness of social and economic injustice; and encouraging political action.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social workers should never use a one-size-fits-all approach to working with any client. Each individual has their own story and experiences from which the social worker should begin their work.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Advocacy is a continuous effort for the rights of people young and old. Advocacy can take many forms including petitioning, protesting, and use of the media.

Learning Objective 9.2: Identify and discuss major characteristics of older adults today.

[Q1] According to the text, in 2019, ______ % of older Americans had incomes below the federal poverty line.

1. 5 2. 10 [correct] 3. 20 4. 33 [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] It has been many decades since only 5% of older adults lived in poverty.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] In 2019, 10% of older Americans were living below the federal poverty line. It is important to note, however, that the poverty line formula assumes that people over 65 eat less than younger people. This may not be true, thus skewing the data.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] About 20% of older adults have not lived in poverty since these records have been kept.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] More than 15 million older adults, or one in three, were considered economically ―insecure,‖ living at or below 200% of the federal poverty line.

[Q2] Which major source of income is responsible for lifting many older Americans out of poverty?

1. Supplemental security income (SSI) 2. Medicare 3. Pensions 4. Social security [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] SSI is a monetary entitlement program and is tied to one‘s income. It provides monthly financial assistance for low-income adults but is not intended to lift anyone out of poverty.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Medicare is the monthly health insurance coverage for individuals receiving social security. It is not a monetary entitlement program.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Traditional pension plans providing adequate income for retirement are becoming increasingly rare. Private pensions were those traditionally funded and administered by employers. But most have now been replaced by 401(k) plans, in which both employee and employer contribute funds.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Social security is responsible for lifting almost 15 million, or 1 in 4, older Americans out of poverty.

[Q3] Which group of older adults is most likely to be married (or remarried) during their later years?

1. Older men [correct] 2. Women 3. Widows 4. Widowers [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Older men are far more likely to be married than older women. In 2020, 70% of men but only 48% of women over 65 were married.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] About 42% of elderly women live alone.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] About 30% of older women were widows.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] There is a 1:3 chance for a widowed man to remarry.

[Q4] In what direction did the unemployment of older adults shift markedly during the COVID-19 pandemic?

1. Rapidly decreased 2. Rapidly increased [correct] 3. Remained flat 4. Decreased gradually [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Unemployment did not decrease for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Unemployment for older adults quadrupled between 2019 and 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic, rising from 3.7% to 15.6% in a few short months. During this time, the national overall unemployment rate tripled from 4.4% to 14.8%. Older adults were particularly vulnerable to the ravages of the virus. In 2020, at least 122,000 older adults who wanted to work were unemployed for 27 weeks or longer.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Unemployment rates for older adults did not remain stable during the pandemic.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Unemployment did not decrease for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic.

[Q5] Statistics related to the physical health of older adults reveal necessary information for social workers in doing their work. Which social work value exemplifies the importance of having this information to determine best practices when working with older adults?

1. Social justice 2. Service 3. Importance of human relationships 4. Competence [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers pursue social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable and oppressed persons.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The primary goal of social work is to help people in need and to address social problems. Social workers elevate service to others above self-interest.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social workers understand that relationships between and among people are an important vehicle for change. Social workers engage people as partners in the helping process.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The profession requires that social workers continuously increase their professional knowledge and skills and apply the in practice. The use of statistics provides a foundation from which a social worker can begin to develop programming and implement changes to meet the needs of the client(s).

Learning Objective 9.3: Discuss major issues concerning older adults and their families.

[Q1] Which U.S. Senator and social worker is featured in the chapter to highlight his/her dedication to the social work profession and public service?

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1. Theodore Kennedy 2. Barbara Mikulski [correct] 3. John McCain 4. Barbara Boxer [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Theodore Kennedy was a Democratic senator from Massachusetts who served for almost 47 years. He is not the person featured in the chapter.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Barbara Mikulski (D-MD) earned her MSW from the University of Maryland. During her years of practice, she was an active community organizer. She entered politics in 1986 when she was elected to the U.S. Senate, where she served for 30 years. She is now 86 years old.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] John McCain was a Republican U.S. senator from Arizona. He served in the Vietnam war and was a prisoner of war. He is not the person featured in the chapter.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Barbara Boxer was a Democratic US Senator and Representative from California for 34 years.

She was an advocate for families, children, consumers, and the environment. She is not the person featured in the chapter.

[Q2] The average life expectancy in 1900 was 47 years old, which is about ____ years less than it is today.

1. 10 2. 20 3. 30 [correct] 4. 40 [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The average life expectancy in the United States is far greater than 47 years.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The average life expectancy in the United States is not 67.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The average life expectancy in the United States today is 79. In 1900, it was a mere 47. This increase is due to many factors, including improved health care, improved safety in workplaces, and increased knowledge regarding personal wellness.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The average life expectancy in the United States is not 89.

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[Q3] Over the past decade, the number of older American grandparents providing primary care and placement for their grandchildren is ________________.

1. Increasing rapidly [correct] 2. Increasing slowly 3. Decreasing 4. Staying the same [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] In 2019, 2.5 million grandparents 60 and older had primary responsibility for the care of grandchildren who lived with them. While both genders provided care, 60% were grandmothers and 40% were grandfathers.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The number of grandparents providing primary care for their grandchildren is not increasing slowly. Primary reasons compelling many children to be cared for by their grandparents are substance abuse, incarceration of the parents, and child maltreatment.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The number of grandparents providing primary care for their grandchildren is not decreasing.

Primary reasons compelling many children to be cared for by their grandparents are substance abuse, incarceration of the parents, and child maltreatment.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The number of grandparents providing primary care for their grandchildren is not staying stagnant. Primary reasons compelling many children to be cared for by their grandparents are substance abuse, incarceration of the parents, and child maltreatment.

[Q4] More than half of elder abuse cases are the result of which group perpetrating the abuse?

1. Neighbors 2. Medical professionals 3. Family members [correct] 4. Clergy [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] While neighbors are sometimes tasked with caring for older adults, there is little empirical evidence that abuse is occurring with any regularity.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Medical professionals are not proven to abuse older adults in statistically significant numbers.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] About 60% of abuse or neglect incidents are caused by family members; two thirds are adult children or spouses. It is estimated that 1 in 10 adults aged 60 and older have experienced some form of abuse, yet it is estimated that only a small proportion, about 1 in 24 cases, are reported to authorities.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] There is no indication that clergy members are likely to commit abuse against older adults in large numbers.

[Q5] Which social work ethic is tested when older adults at risk of self-neglect refuse to move to safer living conditions for better support and monitoring?

1. Self-determination [correct] 2. Service 3. Empathy 4. Competence [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] In spite of urging from their families, older adults often refuse to move to safer living situations such as assisted living facilities or nursing homes. Social workers who work with this population face ongoing ethical dilemmas concerning client self-determination versus physical safety.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Service is a core value of the social work profession. Social workers elevate service to others above self-interest. They draw on their knowledge, values, and skills to help people in need.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Empathy is a key skill for social workers. It means that the worker is able to understand and share the feelings of another person.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Competence highlights that social workers practice within their areas of competence and develop and enhance their professional experience.

Learning Objective 9.4: Describe social policies relating to older adults, past and present.

[Q1] Which country initiated a compulsory pension program in 1889 that provided regular income for older, retired workers?

1. France 2. Germany [correct] 3. United States 4. Great Britain

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] In France, the first law establishing anything resembling a pension program was enacted in 1910. However, creation of the French social security system did not occur until 1945. In addition, it was not until the 1950s and 1960s that retirement pensions completely replaced aid to the elderly.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Pensions were started in Germany. Employers, workers, and the state each contributed equal amounts to financing the program.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The United States has been slow in developing universal pension plans for the elderly. Title II of the Social Security Act of 1935 was intended to stabilize income for older Americans without the appearance of a government handout.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Great Britain began their pension program in 1908 and the first revision was completed in 1925.

[Q2] What is one way in which the Social Security program could be stabilized and preserved for future generations?

1. Payroll tax decrease 2. Reduction of retirement age 3. Restriction of the definition of income 4. Wage cap increase [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] If payroll taxes were decrease, there would be less money going into Social Security, thus shortening the time this entitlement would be available.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] If the retirement age were decreased, there would be fewer workers paying into Social Security, thus reducing the amount of money being paid into the system.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The definition of income would need to be broadened, not further restricted. For example, annual investment income could be taxed.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The wage cap could be increased. Today a person earning $1,000,000 annually pays the same Social Security tax as a person earning $147,000. If the cap was increased, the person earning more money would pay more in taxes, thus increasing the funds in the Social Security program fund.

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[Q3] Recognition of the preference of most older adults to remain independent as long as possible has led to the concept of ________________________.

1. Continuum of care [correct] 2. Respite care 3. Empowerment care 4. Least directive care [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The continuum of care is designed to prolong the independence of older adults. It involves many facets of care, categorized within and across in-home services, community services, and institutional services.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Respite care is the concept of having another individual or organization provide care to an older adult so that the primary caregiver can take a break (or respite) for their own self-care.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Empowerment care is not an officially recognized concept in the care of older adults. However, social workers should always work from an empowerment and strengths perspective with all clients.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Least directive care refers to the person (client) engaging in self-determination as long as the decisions do not put them in harm‘s way or threaten the well-being of others.

[Q4] According to the text, older Americans who are eligible for SNAP benefits are ____________ than younger people to participate in the program.

1. More likely 2. Less likely [correct] 3. About as likely 4. Not eligible to participate [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Older adults eligible for this means-tested program are not more likely to participate in it than their younger eligible counterparts.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Older Americans who are eligible for SNAP/food Stamps are significantly less likely to participate in the program than younger people. In 2021, 4.8 million older adults participated in an average month, but three out of five eligible older persons failed to apply. Perhaps one reason is that older adults tend to view government food assistance as charity.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Older adults eligible for this means-tested program are not as likely to participate in it than their younger eligible counterparts.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] SNAP is a means-tested program for anyone below a certain income threshold to be eligible for food assistance. This includes older adults.

[Q5] Which federal legislation established the Administration on Aging level and authorized state units and local area agencies on aging. These agencies assess the needs of the older adults and try to develop programs to meet them?

1. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2. Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) 3. Social Service Block Grant 4. Older Americans Act [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The IDEA of 1975 ensures students with a disability are provided with a Free Appropriate Public Education‘ that is tailored to their individual needs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] TANF is a means-tested federal program which provides low-income families with financial assistance and related support services. State-administered programs may include childcare assistance, job preparation, and work assistance.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social services for older adults began to be funded by the Social Services Block Grant in the mid-1970s. It is a limited source of financing for services such as case management, adult day care, protective services, homemaker services, health-related services, and transportation.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The Older Americans Act of 1965 focused on coordinating comprehensive services for all people over 60, not just the poor. It established the Administration on Aging at the federal level.

State and local autonomy is permitted within federal guidelines. Aging and Disability Resource Centers serve as resources where senior citizens, adults with disabilities, and their families are connected with information about needed services including home health and hospice agencies, homemaker service providers, legal services, senior centers/senior dining, transportation services, assistance with Alzheimer‘s disease, substance use disorders, and abuse and neglect.

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Chapter 9 Application Exercises Application Exercise 9.1: The Importance of Advocacy for Older Adults Learning Objective 9.1: Describe the history of social work with older adults.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 9.1 to answer the following question: What examples of collective action do the social worker and narrator share with the male client (and his mother as mentioned) in the video? What makes these examples of collective action?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses from students should include the following:  Elder advocacy group  Speaking to legislators  Sharing real life examples These are all part of collective action, as they bring people together who are experiencing similar situations or have a stake in changing policy to better serve their communities. Members of the advocacy group might speak to elected officials, sharing their stories about how current policies affect them/their loved ones, and how changes may also impact their lives. For many legislators, putting a real story with a proposed policy makes it easier to conceptualize the potential impact of changes in policy, or new policies.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 9.1 to answer the following question: The narrator in the video speaks about the importance of including clients and their loved ones in the collective action process. Why is this necessary? What is the goal of the practitioner in doing so?

[Q2 Model Response] Students should address the fact that social workers talk about the collective action process as a means to influence policy change. Practitioners are able to highlight client strengths. They can guide clients in becoming active agents in their own lives and support an empowering stance for clients and their loved ones.

Application Exercise 9.2: Social Work Decision-Making with Older Adults Learning Objective 9.3: Discuss major issues concerning older adults and their families.

[Q1] Scenario: Mister Ralph is an 85-year-old widower who was recently hospitalized for dehydration and memory loss. He has expressed a strong desire to return to his home, the only home he has known for his entire life. Records indicate that the complications of dehydration were the result of Ralph‘s memory loss. The social worker is concerned that Mister Ralph is no longer safe alone in his own home. Based on the bio-psychosocial assessment completed by the practitioner at the time of admission and current medical records, it is apparent that Ralph requires significant assistance with personal care, activities of daily living, and safety in the home.

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Question: What is the worker‘s FIRST responsibility as he plans for Mister Ralph‘s discharge?

[Q1 Model Response] Students should consider the environmental factors that will affect Mister Ralph‘s ability to return safely to his home to live independently. Ralph has expressed his desire to return to his home. The social worker must consider Ralph‘s right to self-determination to the extent possible. Thus, he must identify any natural or community supports that would suffice to keep Mister Ralph safe in his home. Finding these resources and putting them in place is not an easy task, so discharge may be delayed. If the social worker determines that Mister Ralph CANNOT return safely to his home, then it would be appropriate to discuss other options such as assisted living.

[Q2] What are some specific areas of focus for the social worker to determine if Mister Ralph COULD BE safe in his home?

[Q2 Model Response] Student responses should ask and answer some of the following questions:  Is Mister Ralph able to ambulate safely throughout his home?  Are there stairs, and can he manage them?  Is his laundry in the basement?  Does he have a walk-in shower or must he lift his legs one-at-a-time over the side of the tub?  Are the kitchen appliances in good working order?

Next, the worker should address Ralph‘s ability to perform activities of daily living, including the ability to communicate, preparing food and feeding himself, personal hygiene, toileting, etc. The practitioner should also take into account what social supports Mister Ralph has in his life to prevent isolation.

Application Exercise 9.3: Social Work and Elder Abuse Learning Objective 9.4: Describe social policies relating to older adults, past and present.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 9.4 to answer the following question: How does the worker demonstrate to the client that the incident requires reporting?

[Q1 Model Response] The worker clearly explains the limits of confidentiality. He further explains the reporting requirements when someone is in danger. The worker allows the client to explain the situation, express his concerns and frustrations, which helped build trust between them. The worker offers the client the option to decide if the client would prefer to inform Adult Protective Services (APS), which allows for self-determination by the client.

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[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 9.4 to answer the following question: What values and ethics does the worker rely on to bolster his explanation to help the client better understand?

[Q2 Model Response] The foundation of the relationship between worker and client has provided the basis on which understanding has been built. The client is able to appreciate the necessity of the reporting, although he is not happy about it. The worker continues to show empathy to the client for his situation and for the client‘s grandmother. In addition, the worker includes a focus on self-care for the client to address the needs of the client.

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Chapter 9 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. A social worker who worked to pass the Social Security Act was A. Harry Hopkins.

B. Jane Addams.

C. Bernard E. Nash.

D. Helen Haines.

2. A social worker who organized the first White House Conference on Aging in 1961 was A. Harry Hopkins.

B. Jane Addams.

C. Bernard E. Nash.

D. Helen Haines.

3. The coordination of care is called A. continuum of care.

B. case management.

C. advocacy.

D. counseling.

4. In the Abbie Heinrich case, a community volunteer, Harriet Locke, served as Abbie‘s A. power of attorney.

B. "friendly visitor."

C. advisor.

D. community liaison.

5. The state that permits people who are suffering and who have a life expectancy of less than 6 months to ask their doctors for medication to end their lives is A. California.

B. New York.

C. Washington.

D. Oregon.

6. Which of the following older adult populations is LEAST LIKELY to be poor?

A. Women B. African-American C. Hispanics D. White men

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7. People with Alzheimer‘s disease, after diagnosis, generally live A. 1–3 years.

B. 4–8 years.

C. 9–12 years.

D. 12–15 years.

8. Perpetrators of elder abuse and neglect are primarily A. family members.

B. paid nonfamily caregivers.

C. power of attorney for finances.

D. case managers.

9. In-home services to older adults include all of the following EXCEPT A. yard work and house cleaning.

B. volunteer visits.

C. congregate meals.

D. telephone monitoring.

10. Recognition of the preference of most older adults to maintain independence as long as possible has led to the concept of A. least direct care.

B. life-long care.

C. continuum of care.

D. respite care.

11. The type of financial assistance that was designed to minimize the stigma of applying for government-provided welfare and was targeted at helping the elderly, blind, and disabled was A. Supplemental Security Income B. Social Security Act C. Medicare D. Medicaid 12. Which of the following statements is true?

A. The Administration on Aging established The Older Americans Act. B. The Older Americans Act focused on coordinating comprehensive services for the elderly.

C. Funding under the Older Americans Act has been high.

D. The Older Americans Act supports only low-income seniors and those with disabilities.

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13. Which model are social workers encouraged to use when working with persons who are aging that assists them to use and develop coping skills through consciousness-raising, education, and support?

A. Least restrictive environment model B. Empowerment model C. Positive thinking power model D. Dignity of risks model 14. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Grandparents are caring for fewer children today than in past generations.

B. Grandparents often suffer increased medical problems due to the stress of raising grandchildren.

C. Today, older adults are adopting fewer children than in generations past.

D. Older adults rarely care for each other.

15. Which of the following is an expression of the notion least restrictive?

A. The highest level of intervention that will get you the least level of independence is the recommended level.

B. The least amount of in-home care by family members that will get you the most reduced levels of elder abuse is the recommended level.

C. The least amount of service that will get you the most or highest level of independent functioning in the home setting is appropriate.

D. The least amount of restrictions on how money is spent will lead to increased creativity and increased spending on interventions.

Essay Questions 1. Describe the health problems of older adults, including those associated with both physical health and mental health.

2. Discuss the stresses inherent in family caregiving. How can a social worker intervene with families experiencing stress in family caregiving?

3. Define and give examples of the use of an empowerment model with older adults.

4. Discuss long-term care and the areas of concern related to long-term care for older adults.

5. Discuss the role of social work in working with older adults diagnosed with Alzheimer‘s disease. How would you begin to intervene with this older adult and the older adult‘s family?

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Chapter 9 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. A (see page 316, section titled ―Social Work with Older Adults: A Brief History‖) 2. C (see page 316, section titled ―Social Work with Older Adults: A Brief History‖) 3. B (see page 317, section titled ―Gerontological or Geriatric Social Work‖) 4. A (see page 311, section titled ―Case Study 9.1 Caring for Abbie Heinrich‖) 5. D (see page 349, section titled ―End-of-Life Decisions‖) 6. D (see page 322, section titled ―Economic Status and Lifespan‖) 7. B (see page 325, section titled ―Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias‖) 8. A (see page 331, section titled ―Elder Abuse and Self-Neglect‖) 9. C (see page 340, section titled ―In-Home Services‖) 10. C (see page 340, section titled Prolonging Independence and the ―Continuum of Care‖) 11. A (see page 335, section titled ―Supplemental Security Income‖) 12. B (see page 338, section titled ―The Older Americans Act‖) 13. B (see page 319, section titled ―Empowerment Practice‖) 14. B (see page 330, section titled ―Older Adults as Caregivers; Grandparent-Headed Families‖) 15. C (see page 340, section titled Prolonging Independence and the ―Continuum of Care‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 323–325, sections titled ―Physical Health‖ and ―Mental Health Challenges‖): a. Most older adults have at least one chronic health condition, many have more than one. b. 20% of older adults living in the community report challenges completing their activities of daily living (ADLs). c. Primary areas of functioning affected are vision, hearing, mobility, and communication. d. Age discrimination, loss of income (in retirement), and other losses lead to mental health challenges.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see page 328, section titled ―Research on Family Strengths‖): a. Families are caring for elderly loved ones in greater numbers than ever before. b. Two-thirds of family caregiving is done by women, and is frequently unpaid. c. Adult children must learn to accept the caregiver role. d. Older adults must learn to acknowledge their strengths as well as limitations as they age and be willing to accept assistance.

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3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see page 319, section titled ―Empowerment Practice‖): a. Utilization of education, consciousness raising, and support to enhance coping skills b. Three strategies: assisting older adults to define their own needs, promoting conscious awareness of social and economic injustice, and encouraging political action 4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 347–348, section titled ―Coming to Terms with Long-Term Care‖): a. Costly out-of-pocket expenses for which many Americans are not prepared. b. Required spend-down of almost all financial assets in order to qualify for Medicaid, which allows for skilled nursing care. c. Medicaid does not pay the full cost in skilled care, resulting in many facilities accepting private-pay clients first, leaving few beds for those with Medicaid.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 325–326, section titled ―Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementias‖): a. Providing information and resources to caregivers b. Support caregivers with emotional toll of caring for someone with dementia c. Proper assessment to determine extent of client needs d. Look for signs of depression and anxiety in caregivers and client(s)

Chapter 10 Test Item File The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare Eight Edition

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Mary Ann Suppes Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 10: Social Work in the Justice System Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

12

Test Items

16

Test Answer Key

19

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Chapter 10: Social Work in the Justice System Chapter 10 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 10.1: Trace the history of the justice system in the United States.

[Q1] In the 1820s, separate correctional facilities were provided for children and were known as __________.

1. Halfway houses 2. Almshouses 3. Refuges [correct] 4. Group homes [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Halfway houses are facilities in which people with a criminal background or substance use disorder live as they transition back into the community. These homes are intended to provide support and training for smooth reintegration.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Almshouses were public institutions built to house the homeless, and older adults without financial means. These facilities were often run by charitable organization societies.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Facilities were known as ―refuges‖ for children in the corrections system. They were privately funded and charitable organizations early on, but quickly grew into larger institutions utilizing severe disciplinary measures as a means of control.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Group homes is a modern concept in which small groups of people with similar challenges (such as cognitive disability, mental illness, or children in foster care) are housed in a communal setting.

[Q2] John Augustus was a Boston shoemaker. He requested permission of the courts to serve as surety—to accept personal responsibility and provide supervision—for a man charged with drunkenness. It was this act that led to the establishment of what corrections policy?

1. Parole 2. Imprisonment 3. House arrest 4. Probation [correct]

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Parole is the conditional release of convicted criminals before they have completed their courtimposed sentence. If the individual adheres to all parole requirements, the remainder of their sentence will be dismissed. If they violate the terms of parole, they can be re-incarcerated.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Imprisonment is the restraint of a person's liberty by authority of a government. The individual is confined in a secure facility to separate them from the community.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] House arrest is a sentence in which offenders are ordered by the court to remain confined to their residences, typically only allowed to leave for employment or medical appointments. They are usually monitored by an electronic ankle bracelet.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] John Augustus continued to work with other offenders after his initial success with the person charged with drunkenness. The first formal probation position was created in Massachusetts in 1869.

[Q3] Which of the following is an example of reform efforts in U.S. prisons in the 1930s?

1. Capital punishment 2. Social casework [correct] 3. Probation 4. Diversion [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Capital punishment was first used in several U.S. colonies in the 1600s.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Reform efforts introduced social casework as part of a rehabilitation effort across U.S. prisons in the 1930s. This was a direct result of overcrowding, understaffing, and overall poor prison conditions.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Probation was started in Massachusetts in the 1860s.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Diversion programs are an alternative to court proceedings and potential incarceration.

Offenders are given the opportunity to carry out specific conditions to avoid charges and sentencing. If the person successfully completes the requirements, charges are dismissed.

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[Q4] Which Greek historical figure ―insisted that natural causes, rooted in the environment and in the family, shaped behavior more significantly than did evil spiritsˮ?

1. Hippocrates [correct] 2. Socrates 3. Aristotle 4. Pythagoras [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Hippocrates was a Greek physician around 400 B.C. He is credited with development of the Hippocratic Oath, in which physicians vow to practice according to the ethics of the text. This time period came to be known as a period of enlightenment in which new ways of looking at criminal behavior emerged, and Hippocrates was part of that work.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Socrates was a Greek philosopher who is known as the founder of Western philosophy.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Aristotle was a Greek philosopher known for his work in logic, rhetoric, ethics, and politics. He was a student of Plato, but famously rejected Plato‘s theory of forms and promoted the idea that the deductive validity of any argument can be determined by its structure rather than its content, such as in syllogism.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Pythagoras was another Greek philosopher. His main contributions were in the fields of mathematics, astronomy, and music theory. He is best known for developing the Pythagorean Theorem in mathematics.

Learning Objective 10.2: Describe the components that comprise the justice system.

[Q1] Which crimes are the most prevalent of all crimes committed in the United States?

1. Homicide 2. Sexual assault 3. Auto theft 4. Property crimes [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The homicide rate has been rising overall in the United States since 2014, but is not the most prevalent crime.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] From a statistical perspective, sexual assault remains low in the United States, although the effects for victims are highly impactful and may be long-lasting.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Auto theft has risen over the past decade, but is still far behind the most common crime committed in the United States.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Property crimes are the most prevalent crimes in the United States. Social workers often work with offenders (adult and juvenile) who receive restitution sentences which involve monetary payment to restore the loss and requires the perpetrator to face the victim.

[Q2] What are the ―three Cs‖ of the criminal justice system?

1. Cops, courts, and corrections [correct] 2. Corrections, cops, and citations 3. Courts, corrections, and coercion 4. Cops, courts, and criminalization [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The ‗three Cs‖ is a reference to the most commonly known and most frequently utilized pieces of the criminal justice system in the United States which includes interaction with law enforcement (cops), legal proceedings in the court system, and sentencing that often leads to some type of incarceration or a sentence of probation (corrections).

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Citations are issued by law enforcement.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Coercion is persuading someone to do something by using force or threats. This should never occur in any facet of the justice system.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Criminalization is the legal process of turning an activity into a criminal offense by making it illegal.

[Q3] According to the text, what is the recent trend in curbing U.S. prison health care costs and overcrowding, particularly with older inmates?

1. Compassionate release [correct] 2. Risk rating 3. Death penalty 4. Restitution [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] As a release valve to curb health care costs, overcrowding, and the aging prison population, states and federal governments have enacted some compassionate release policies.

Compassionate release became a prevalent tool in the 1980s with the federal overhaul of

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sentencing laws. Congress abolished federal parole but gave judges the power to retroactively reduce sentences in extraordinary situations. It is important to note, however, that only 6% of applications for compassionate release in the federal prison system have been approved.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Risk rating is associated with the analysis of a person‘s likelihood to reoffend (recidivism). One approach to minimizing recidivism is a risk rating assessment in which clients with higher risks of recidivism are placed under closer and more frequent supervision.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The death penalty is under increased scrutiny across U.S. states, so executions are not being carried out as frequently. Capital punishment has never been used as a means of reducing the inmate population.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Restitution is part of incarceration diversion in which the offender is required to pay back money to the victim for losses incurred as a result of the crime. This typically does not apply to convicted felons who are in prison.

[Q4] Which of the following social work practice areas gives the social worker the most police authority?

1. Forensic 2. Behavioral health 3. Probation and parole [correct] 4. Case management [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Forensic social workers assist with investigations and notifications, but do not have police authority.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Social workers in behavioral health/psychiatric social work may work with individuals involved with the justice system, but the workers do not have police authority.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] No other area of social work practice gives more police authority to social workers as probation and parole. This includes authority to seize property, search clients‘ premises, and even to handcuff and arrest. The agent also has the right to recommend a client‘s return to prison if terms of parole are not met. Agents may require clients to participate in treatment such as substance abuse counseling or batterers‘ group therapy.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Case managers have no police authority in their work.

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[Q5] Over the past several decades, what has been the trend regarding violent juvenile offenders being waived to adult court?

1. Rapid reduction 2. Gradual reduction [correct] 3. Marked increase 4. Gradual increase [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] There has not been a fast, marked decline in the number of juvenile cases moved to adult court.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The number of delinquency cases judicially waived to adult court in 2019 was 75% less than the amount waived in 1994 (the year with the highest number of cases). These data confirm a gradual decrease in the proportion of juvenile justice cases waived over the past few decades.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The trend of waiving juveniles into adult court has not increased markedly.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The trend of waiving juveniles into adult court has not increased gradually.

Learning Objective 10.3: Explain how the profession of social work is practiced within the justice field of practice.

[Q1] In what ways might a social worker find themselves working in a setting in which social control role is a legitimate professional role?

1. No coercion present 2. Confidentiality without exception 3. Social workers become agents of oppression 4. Unlimited self-determination [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Coercion is sometimes found in settings in which social workers are working with mandated clients. This should only be done to protect the best interests of individuals or to sustain societal stability.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] There are legal limits to confidentiality, particularly in situations of suspected, reported, or witnessed threat or action of self-harm or harm to others.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social workers are legally and ethically bound to uphold the dignity and worth of every person with whom they interact. Oppression of anyone is in direct conflict with the code of ethics.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] There are always limits to individual self-determination since human beings live in societal systems that are defined by their attempt to meet the greater good of the entire community.

Social workers must think critically, practice with care and seek changes within the organization needed to humanize it and make it responsive to the needs of its clients as well as the larger society.

[Q2] What is the primary reason for the success of a social worker conducting groups with adolescents as opposed to working with them 1:1?

1. Anger management 2. Groupthink 3. Peer pressure [correct] 4. Bystander effect [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Anger management may be a technique employed by a social worker when dealing with adolescents, but it is not a primary focus or reason for the success of group work with this population.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Groupthink is not an approach to working with adolescents in groups. It is when people making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility, which does not align with what social workers are doing when working with adolescents.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Peer influence is highly significant during adolescence, so group work is often more beneficial than individual work with this age cohort. Social workers often see more rapid progress that is long-lasting when adolescent clients are processing their experiences with their peers.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The bystander effect is not a factor in group work with adolescents. It is a psychological phenomenon in which the presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation.

[Q3] Which of the following is an example of when a social worker is required to break confidentiality?

1. Sharing information of the drinking habits with the parent of a 21-year-old college student 2. Reporting new offenses when a client is on probation [correct] 3. Responding to questions of one client regarding another client 4. Acknowledging a client in a public setting

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers are not allowed to divulge this information to parents of adult children without explicit permission form the adult child.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Social workers in justice settings are often required to testify regarding their conversations with clients and to report any new or suspected offenses.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] It is illegal for social workers to share information among clients, unless there is an explicit threat to harm themselves or someone else.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social workers must never acknowledge a client in a public setting unless the client has offered predetermined approval of such action.

[Q4] Which professional value is best exemplified for social workers juggling the many responsibilities of administering community-based correctional facilities?

1. Integrity [correct] 2. Service 3. Self-determination 4. Dignity and worth of the person [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Social workers have a professional responsibility to help make their organization as humane, just, and responsive to clients as possible. This is a key aspect of maintaining one‘s professional integrity.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The primary goal of social workers is to help people in need and to address social problems.

Social workers elevate service to others above self-interest.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The responsibilities of the social worker in a community-based correctional facility requires that the social worker make decisions in the best interest of the organization, not in their own personal (or professional) best interest. Self-determination is typically applied to decision making of clients.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The social worker is required to uphold the dignity and worth of every person with whom they interact. The administrative focus of their work is keyed into the organizational mission and goals.

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Learning Objective 10.4: Discuss the social, economic, and environmental justice issues that exist in the justice system in the United States.

[Q1] The trend for juvenile crime overall in the United States has _____________ since the late 1990s, with the exception of which particular category of crime?

1. declined rapidly, property crimes 2. risen sharply, homicide 3. risen steadily, homicide 4. declined steadily, homicide [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Crimes to property declined 63% from 2005 to 2018. This was a rapid decline in this particular category of crime.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] There has not been a rapid increase overall in juvenile crime in the United States.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There has not been a steady increase overall in juvenile crime in the United States.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Since 1996, juvenile crime has declined steadily and has now fallen to a level last seen in the early 1970s. The juvenile crime rate, in fact, has declined even more substantially than adult crime. Violent crime for juveniles (under age 18) decreased markedly, with the exception of homicides. Juvenile court cases involving homicide increased substantially (35%) between 2014 and 2018.

[Q2] Which international organization is credited with having led the charge to protect women from sexual abuse by guards and corrections staff, barring the use of shackles for pregnant inmates about to give birth, and the discontinuation of the death penalty for children and persons with cognitive disabilities?

1. Women and Infants at Risk 2. The United Nations 3. The American Civil Liberties Union 4. Amnesty International [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] There is no international (or U.S.) organization named Women and Infants at Risk.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The United Nations is an international organization whose mission is to maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations, and seek international cooperation among nations.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The ACLU was founded in 1920 and is dedicated to fighting for freedom and the protection of constitutional rights in the United States.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Amnesty International was a leader in the examples above, as well as working to ensure the human rights of individuals who identify as LGBTQ and to decriminalize homosexuality.

[Q3] Which important document of the social work profession parallels the United Nations‘ Universal Declaration of Human Rights in its assertions of the rights and dignity of all persons and calls social workers to engage in culturally competent practice?

1. Encyclopedia of Social Work 2. Social Work Speaks 3. NASW Code of Ethics [correct] 4. Social Work Dictionary [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Encyclopedia of Social Work is a classic reference text dedicated to articles published focusing on social work issues ranging from international issues to ethical standards.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Social Work Speaks is a comprehensive collection of policies adopted and revised by the NASW Delegate Assembly (NASW‘s primary policymaking body) in 2017.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The NASW Code of Ethics parallels the United Nations‘ Universal Declaration of Human Rights in many ways. The final section of the Code of Ethics was likely written from a global social justice perspective.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Social Work Dictionary is a reference book featuring the dynamic vocabulary of social work practice.

[Q4] Which group below comprises the largest population of incarcerated individuals in the United States?

1. White men 35–51 2. Black men 18–34 [correct] 3. Hispanic men 18–34 4. Native American men 35–51 [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] White men are not the largest group to be incarcerated.

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[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Black men ages 18–34 make up 34% of the U.S. prison population. This age group is the largest overall across all U.S. prisons.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Hispanic men 18–34 are not the most incarcerated by race and age.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Native American men are not the most incarcerated by race and age.

[Q5] U.S. schools have adopted what approach to resolve and prevent delinquent behavior?

1. Restorative justice [correct] 2. Immediate police notification 3. Probation 4. House arrest [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] U.S. schools are adopting community-based programs that proactively work with children and families to resolve or prevent delinquent behavior. These restorative justice programs hold youth accountable for the harm they have done and involve them in the resolution of the conflict or pain that their action created.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Schools are no longer bringing in law enforcement immediately following many incidents.

Please note, however, that immediate threats of or acts of violence in schools require immediate notification to law enforcement.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Probation is not a sanction handled by schools. This is an adjudication that must come from the court system.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] House arrest is not a sanction handled by schools. This is an adjudication that must come from the court system.

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Chapter 10 Application Exercises Application Exercise 10.1: Social Workers in Prison Settings Learning Objective 10.2: Describe the components that comprise the justice system.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Text Video Example 10.1 to answer the following question: In this video, the social worker in a prison setting collaborates with other prison staff and an official, educating them on new ways social workers could engage in prisoner processes. Why is this multidisciplinary meeting so important to prisoner health and well-being?

[Q1 Model Response] The purpose of the meeting is to discuss changes in policies and procedures related to prisoner segregation. The social worker is advocating for change that aligns the practices of the prison with current research and best practices. This requires the staff to monitor inmates in segregation on a daily basis to look at behavior and health and provide recommendations on continued placement. The goal is to prevent problems related to mental health or remove prisoners whose mental health has deteriorated.

By doing this collectively, the team is all on the same page with the type of policy change that needs to be made and the organization can collectively move forward with implementing the change in practice once the policy is formalized and approved.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Text Video Example 10.1 to answer the following question: In this video, a human services professional working in a prison setting collaborates with other prison officials, educating them on new ways human services professionals could engage in prisoner processes. What other types of functions and roles might human services professionals play in the mental health care of prisoners?

[Q2 Model Response] The video shows the human services professionals collaborating around a change in policy and procedure, advocating for best practices in relation to inmate segregation. Along with advocacy, human services professionals can also monitor prisoner behavior and provide recommendations related to placement. They can provide training to other staff members related to the change in practice, why this is being done, and the new practice that will be implemented. The human services professionals can provide mental health counseling, both individually and in a group setting. They can also connect prisoners to resources to help with other issues that may come up. Finally, they can serve on other collaborative teams to provide input, improve programming, and align procedures across the prison with research and best practices.

Application Exercise 10.2: Social Work and the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) Learning Objective 10.3: Explain how the profession of social work is practiced within the justice field of practice.

[Q1] Scenario: Alex works as a social worker at a police department for a large urban community. As a part of his position, he coordinates with community social service agencies to ensure that

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victims of violent crime receive advocacy and counseling services. Alex has noticed an increase in the number of female undocumented immigrant victims. These women are typically hesitant to disclose the abuse to law enforcement because they are often threatened by their partners that they will be reported to immigration services. Alex is familiar with the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) (Pub. L. 103–322) and understands that this law provides a range of benefits to identified victims of domestic violence except victims who are undocumented immigrants. He recently learned that after considerable controversy, the most recent reauthorization of the legislation now provides some level of protection for the undocumented immigrant population.

Question: Since federal legislation like VAWA often establishes a framework for funding, eligibility, and services provided, what is the purpose and impact of excluding certain populations from federal social welfare legislation?

[Q1 Model Response] Student responses should include information such as: Federal legislation that focuses on vulnerable and/or marginalized populations can provide a range of protections and benefits, funding for related programs, and criteria for eligibility of services. By initially ignoring undocumented female immigrants who are victims of violence, the federal government (under VAWA) is perpetuating the dehumanization of this marginalized group and devaluing their lives.

By including undocumented female immigrants in this most recent reauthorization, VAWA now includes undocumented immigrants as a protected group, which qualifies them to eventually gain legal status to remain in the United States and qualify for a range of social services.

Although many undocumented immigrants remain hesitant to come forward for fear of deportation, VAWA can be a great tool for providing relief for those who comply with the eligibility requirements.

[Q2] Scenario: Alex works as a social worker at a police department for a large urban community. As a part of his position, he coordinates with community social service agencies to ensure that victims of violent crime receive advocacy and counseling services. Alex has noticed an increase in the number of female undocumented immigrant victims. These women are typically hesitant to disclose the abuse to law enforcement because they are often threatened by their partners that they will be reported to immigration services. Alex is familiar with the Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) (Pub. L. 103–322) and understands that this law provides a range of benefits to identified victims of domestic violence except victims who are undocumented immigrants. He recently learned that after considerable controversy, the most recent reauthorization of the legislation now provides some level of protection for the undocumented immigrant population.

Question: How might Alex engage with his clients using the strengths perspective to help them understand the importance of reporting their victimization and seeking justice?

[Q2 Model Response] Alex should use the strengths perspective to help these victims recognize their inherent strengths. These strengths may include resilience, maternal protective factors if children are involved, and the hope to create a better life in the United States, among others. By tapping into their strengths, Alex may be successful in increasing their self-confidence to work with him and the criminal justice system to receive assistance through VAWA and hold the perpetrators of the violence responsible for their crimes.

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Application Exercise 10.3: Amnesty International Social Work Values in the Justice System Learning Objective 10.4: Discuss the social, economic, and environmental justice issues that exist in the justice system in the United States.

[Artifact] Amnesty International‘s Report: Human Rights Violations: a Summary of Amnesty International's Concerns (a sample of concerns) In 2000, AI filed a briefing with the United Nations, alleging that the treatment of prisoners in the United States was in violation of the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. When the United States ratified this UN convention in 1994, it agreed to abide by the principles of the convention. AI‘s listing of concerns included some of the following:  Beatings, excessive force, and unjustified shootings by police officers  Physical and mental abuse of prisoners by prison guards, including use of electroshock equipment to inflict torture or ill treatment  Sexual abuse of female prisoners by male guards  Prisoners held in cruel conditions in isolation units  Failure to protect prisoners from abuses by staff or other inmates  Inadequate medical or mental health care  Overcrowded and dangerous conditions in some facilities  Racist treatment of ethnic or racial minorities by police or prison guards  Cruel conditions on death row and violations of human rights standards in the application of the death penalty [Q1] How do the concerns from Amnesty International (AI) align with the NASW Code of Ethics?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses should address some of the following: 

Social workers are ethically bound to uphold the dignity and worth of every person.



The Code of Ethics mandates that social workers fight for social and environmental justice, two areas that are highlighted in the concerns from AI.



Social justice is a core tenet of the social work profession, so social workers must engage in practices to alleviate racism throughout the corrections system.

[Artifact] Amnesty International‘s Report: Human Rights Violations: a Summary of Amnesty International's Concerns (a sample of concerns) In 2000, AI filed a briefing with the United Nations, alleging that the treatment of prisoners in the United States was in violation of the United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. When the United States ratified this

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UN convention in 1994, it agreed to abide by the principles of the convention. AI‘s listing of concerns included some of the following:  Beatings, excessive force, and unjustified shootings by police officers  Physical and mental abuse of prisoners by prison guards, including use of electroshock equipment to inflict torture or ill treatment  Sexual abuse of female prisoners by male guards  Prisoners held in cruel conditions in isolation units  Failure to protect prisoners from abuses by staff or other inmates  Inadequate medical or mental health care  Overcrowded and dangerous conditions in some facilities  Racist treatment of ethnic or racial minorities by police or prison guards  Cruel conditions on death row and violations of human rights standards in the application of the death penalty [Q2] What progress has been made by Amnesty International (AI) and the social work profession to eradicate these issues in the U.S. justice system?

[Q2 Model Response] Responses should include the following information: All 50 states in the United States now have legislation intended to protect women from sexual abuse by guards and corrections staff. It is unconstitutional for anyone with a cognitive disability to be put to death for a crime. AI and social workers continue to advocate against the use of solitary confinement for juvenile offenders.

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Chapter 10 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. Brian Cook, the young male offender who was released on parole from the state juvenile corrections center, was serving out a sentence for A. auto theft.

B. burglary.

C. armed robbery.

D. selling illicit drugs.

2. Alan Martin, the probation and parole agent assigned to Brian Cook, used the initial meeting with Brian to review a document know as a A. parole contract.

B. post-sentence report.

C. shock parole brief.

D. treatment plan.

3. Juvenile justice reforms include A. blended sentencing.

B. decreasing the age to be tried as an adult.

C. school referrals to law enforcement.

D. increased use of incarceration.

4. The three major components of the American criminal justice system are sometimes known as the ―three C‘s‖ which stands for A. cases, cops, and criminals.

B. criminals, courts, and cells.

C. courts, cops, and corrections.

D. the three types of cases—civil, criminal, and constitutional.

5. Who is credited with the establishment of probation?

A. Jane Addams B. Edith Abbott C. John Augustus D. Alexander Maconochie 6. The term probation refers to A. a specified period during which a prisoner is liable to an extension of his or her sentence if found guilty of further infractions.

B. the suspension of imprisonment following conviction on the condition that the individual fulfills certain requirements of supervision.

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C. the release of a prisoner before completion of his or her full sentence.

D. the period following conviction during which a defendant is allowed to remain at large, pending the outcome of an appeal.

7. The term parole refers to A. a specified period during which a prisoner is liable to an extension of his or her sentence if found guilty of further infractions.

B. the suspension of imprisonment following conviction on the condition that the individual fulfills certain requirements.

C. the early release of a prisoner before completion of his or her full sentence to complete the sentence in the community under supervision.

D. the period following conviction during which a defendant is allowed to remain at large, pending the outcome of an appeal.

8. In communities where police social workers are available, they perform a number of tasks including A. police reports.

B. encouragement of crime in the community.

C. bringing accusation and charges.

D. development of youth services.

9. One of the common roles performed by social workers employed in the court system is A. conducting presentence investigations.

B. counseling jurors in felony cases.

C. informing the court of new legislation.

D. negotiating the length of the sentence.

10. Which of the following is one of the more commonly used alternatives to imprisonment?

A. Community-based corrections B. Admission into the military C. The use of an electronic wrist or ankle bracelet D. Employment in a correctional setting 11. The NASW Code of Ethics‘ code that presents a dilemma for social workers because they are required by the courts to testify regarding their contacts with offenders and report any new or suspected offenses is A. client self-determination.

B. coercion in help-seeking.

C. confidentiality.

D. conflict of interest.

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12. The death sentence of Clarence Dixon demonstrates the challenges associated with A. restorative practices for persons with mental illness.

B. compassionate release for persons with terminal illness.

C. capital punishment for persons with mental illness.

D. community-based programs for persons with mental illness.

13. A key function of the social worker who acts as a probation agent or parole officer is to A. monitor the client‘s behavior several times a day by working with family members.

B. help the client meet the terms of the parole or probation agreement.

C. assist the client in achieving recidivism.

D. help the client qualify for a reduced sentence.

14. In the 1960s, a major shift occurred in juvenile courts which A. increased the informality of the court hearing.

B. allowed children to be detained initially due to their age.

C. required court social workers to share confidential information.

D. allowed attorneys to represent juvenile offenders.

15. The purpose of compassionate release is to A. show mercy by releasing prisoners who have circumstances that make imprisonment unjustifiable.

B. give relatives the opportunity to fund and provide hospice care for a family member who is in prison and terminally ill.

C. allow prison officials to extend sentences recommendation of victims and their families.

to

convicted

prisoners

on

the

D. allow prisoners who commit minor crimes an opportunity to be released to home for any illness.

Essay Questions 1. What are three current reforms occurring across the juvenile and/or adult justice systems?

What role do social workers play?

2. Discuss three value dilemmas experienced by social workers in prison settings. What recommendations would you make to social workers to address each one?

3. Identify and describe three at-risk populations within the criminal justice system?

4. Discuss the implications of the treatment of juveniles in the courts and the way children are treated in the system. What needs to occur to educate the public on children in relation to crime?

5. Identify the information necessary in a presentence investigation. Explain why this type of investigation would be helpful in sentencing.

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Chapter 10 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. D (see page 352, section titled ―Case Study 10.1‖) 2. A (see page 352, section titled ―Case Study 10.1‖) 3. A (see page 382, section titled ―Reforming Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems‖) 4. C (see page 357, section titled ―Components of the Justice System‖) 5. C (see page 356, section titled ―History of the United States Justice System‖) 6. B (see page 357, section titled ―Components of the Justice System‖) 7. C (see page 357, section titled ―Components of the Justice System‖) 8. D (see page 358, section titled ―Law Enforcement‖) 9. A (see page 360, section titled ―The Courts‖) 10. A (see page 363, section titled ―Community-Based Corrections‖) 11. C (see page 370, section titled ―Value Dilemmas for Social Workers‖) 12. C (see page 380, section titled ―The Death Penalty‖) 13. B (see page 363, section titled ―Community-Based Corrections‖) 14. D (see page 368, section titled ―The Juvenile Justice System‖) 15. A (see page 366, section titled ―Aging Prison Population and Compassionate Release‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 382–387, section titled ―Reforming Juvenile and Adult Justice Systems‖): a. One reform is at the local level with schools adopting community-based programs that work with children and their families to resolve or prevent delinquent behavior rather than referring to law enforcement. Social workers serve as developers and counselors for these programs, working directly with children and their parents. b. Another reform occurring at both the juvenile and adult justice systems is restorative practices, holding the adjudicated accountable for the harm they have done and involving them in the resolution of the conflict or pain that their action created. Social workers serve as the facilitators of the restorative practice meetings, assisting with the resolutions and working with both the victims and adjudicated. c. Many states are looking at the age that a juvenile can be tried as an adult, looking at increasing the age as well as increasing the age of adjudication. Children under the minimum age are served through social services and the child welfare system. Social workers serve as child welfare officers and family counselors, providing services as needed to change behaviors. Social workers also serve as advocates, reforming policies that are inequitable or unfair for children. d. Reforms at the adult level focus on reducing the rates of recidivism, targeting needs assessments and better alignment of programs and activities to address the needs and reduce the risks of prisoners identified. Social workers conduct the needs assessments

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and offer recommendations on programming and activities for prisoners. They also develop and implement programming to reduce or prevent risks. e. At the national level, Congress is exploring reforms like sentencing guidelines, prison conditions, and law enforcement training. Social workers serve as experts, providing research and information to members of Congress. They also serve as developers and implementers of the new policies that lead to better opportunities for prisoners and improved juvenile and adult justice systems.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 370–371, section titled ―Value Dilemmas for Social Workers‖): a. One value dilemma for social workers in the prison setting is the use and abuse of authority. Probation and parole officers have substantial policing authority over the convict, leading to conflicts associated with the client‘s right to self-determination.

Social workers can balance this role by listening to the convict‘s concerns and needs and advocating to implement programs and activities that address these concerns and needs. b. Social workers in the prison setting also have a value dilemma related to confidentiality.

Social workers are required to testify when requested by the courts, sharing their conversations with clients and reporting any new or suspected offenses. Social workers need to make it clear with convicts that one of their roles is to keep them safe. There are times when behaving in unsafe ways that other people need to get involved to help. c. Another dilemma relates to issues of coercion. Prisoners do not have a choice. Their programs are mandated by the courts, sometimes creating an environment of distrust.

Social workers in the prison setting need to develop relationships with their clients so that trust can be built and act in ways that are in the best interests of the clients being served.

3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 378–380, sections titled ―Case Study 7.2‖ and ―Promoting Human Rights and Social Justice‖): a. One at-risk population is people of color, especially males. Racial profiling and disparity in the arrests of people of color have been longstanding human rights problems in the United States. The Black Lives Matter movement along with the ACLU are working to stop racial profiling, which includes interrogations, arrests, searches, detention, and surveillance. b. Another at-risk population is persons who are members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer community. Globally gender identity and sexual orientation are often punished by local law enforcement systems through torture, imprisonment, and even execution. c. Children are an at-risk population in prisons. Children are being incarcerated with adults and placed in solitary confinement. In some states, the death penalty can be used with children. States are assessing the ages to be tried as an adult, realizing that such harsh penalties for children is not effective.

4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 368–370, section titled ―The Juvenile Justice System‖): a. Changes in the juvenile justice system over the decades have provided children with more legal protections including an adversarial court in which attorneys representing the prosecution and the defense were permitted to engage in cross examination.

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b. Most youth who come into contact with the police are not arrested, but are instead given a warning or the problem is resolved in some other way. c. If a juvenile is arrested, an intake process has begun. The risk and needs assessment are conducted usually by a social worker. The information gathered during these assessments is used and impacts the disposition decision. d. Unfortunately, many states have laws in place that allow children to be tried as adults especially after committing serious crimes like murder or sexual abuse. They also have laws that allow children to be adjudicated at any age. Courts have been reaffirming the need to distinguish between children and adults in sentencing. e. Movement toward keeping children out of solitary confinement is occurring. Solitary confinement makes it difficult to reenter society as productive citizens and leads to higher rates of suicide. f.

The public needs to understand that children have brains that are in the process of development. They are not fully developed. Some of the actions taken by children to address problems or needs are at times aggressive or even violent. By understanding child development, community-based programs can be more effective in addressing children‘s needs and changes in behavior than prison can.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 360–361, section titled ―The Courts‖): a. If a case goes to court and the person is convicted, the judge may request a presentence investigation. The purpose of the presentence investigation is to gather critical information about the person who was convicted and the victims in order to evaluate the potential risk if the person convicted remains in the community. The investigator visits both home and office, meeting family members, colleagues, and others who may have provided resources or support. The report is detailed, including information about the social history, the home and work environment, education and employment, physical and mental health issues, and existing supports used by the person who was convicted. b. By gathering this type of information for the judge before sentencing, there is a better sense about why the crime may have been committed and the effectiveness of community-based programming rather than imprisonment for the sentence. If there is risk of harming self or others by staying in the community or if there is a lack of proper resources and support in the community, the judge will probably opt for imprisonment over community-based programs.

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The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction Chapter to 11Social Work and Social Welfare

Test Item File Eight Edition Mary Ann Suppes

Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 11: Developmental Disabilities and Social Work Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

14

Test Items

17

Test Answer Key

20

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Chapter 11: Developmental Disabilities and Social Work Chapter 11 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 11.1: Describe the history of services to people with disabilities.

[Q1] The deinstitutionalization movement was successful in drastically reducing the percentage of people with developmental disabilities living in institutions. Between 1967 and 1986, the number of such individuals living in institutions was reduced by ______%.

1. 50 [correct] 2. 60 3. 75 4. 90 [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The percentage of people with developmental disabilities living in institutions dropped from 85% to 34% during this 21-year period.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] About 60% of individuals with disabilities living in institutions were not released during this period.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] About 75% of individuals with disabilities living in institutions were not released during this period.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] About 90% of individuals with disabilities living in institutions were not released during this period.

[Q2] Training schools were started by Dr. Samuel Gridley Howe in the United States with the goal of _____________________.

1. teaching children skills to become employed at the school for sub-minimum wages 2. transitioning adolescents from the school to community sheltered workshops 3. preparing children with disabilities for productive adult lives in the community [correct] 4. warehousing children with disabilities [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Children were not employed at training schools, nor were they paid sub-minimum wages.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Community sheltered workshops are not considered a more independent setting than a training school.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The mission of training schools was to prepare children with disabilities (such as vision impairment or mild intellectual disability) for productive adult lives in the community.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] It was never the intention of training schools to merely warehouse children with no effort to teach them life skills.

[Q3] Which federal legislation established the first community-based Centers for Independent Living (CILs) in 1973?

1. Developmental Disabilities Act (DD Act) 2. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 3. Civil Rights Act 4. Rehabilitation Act [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The DD Act is the fundamental law supporting and enhancing the lives of people with developmental disabilities and their families. It was passed in 1984.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The 1990 ADA is a civil rights law prohibiting discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibited discrimination in public places, provided for the integration of schools and other public facilities, and made employment discrimination illegal.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was responsible for the establishment CILs nationwide. CILs today provide information and referral services, peer support, and independent living and selfadvocacy training for people with disabilities.

[Q4] Which group of U.S. citizens ―allowed people with disabilities to live unharmed as children of the Great Spiritˮ?

1. Asian Americans 2. Native Americans [correct] 3. Hispanic Americans 4. Black Americans

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The history of Asian Americans having loved ones with disabilities does not support the belief that the children were gifts from a higher power.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Native Americans practiced the belief that persons born with a disability were a special gift of the Great Spirit and were allowed to live unharmed. Few other groups of people in the United States or abroad took such an open-minded approach to acceptance of persons with disabilities.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Hispanic Americans who have loved ones with disabilities do not celebrate them as gifts from God. [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Black Americans having loved ones with disabilities do not support the belief that the children are gifts from a higher power.

[Q5] The federal requirement that children with a disability are educated within the same classroom as typical mainstreamed non-disabled peers to the fullest extent possible is__________________.

1. Least restrictive environment [correct] 2. Habilitation 3. Segregation 4. Special education [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] The IDEA of 1973 requires that children with special needs are included in mainstream classrooms to the greatest extent possible. This may include an aide accompanying the child to individual classes.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Habilitation is the provision of services to help an individual learn or improve skills and functioning for daily living.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Segregation would be the separation of children with special needs from their non-disabled peers.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Special education is the overarching practice of educating students in a way that accommodates their individual differences, disabilities, and special needs.

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Learning Objective 11.2: Identify and discuss major types of developmental disabilities.

[Q1] One important criteria for diagnosing an intellectual disability is a score of _____ or below on an IQ test.

1. 70 [correct] 2. 75 3. 80 4. 90 [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] A score of 70 or below is the generally accepted score to diagnose an intellectual disability.

However, advocates caution that an IQ score is only one aspect of determining the presence or absence of an intellectual disability. Other tests determine the extent of any limitations in adaptive behavior: conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills (i.e., feeding, dressing).

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] 75 on an IQ test does not meet the criteria for an intellectual disability.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] 80 on an IQ test does not meet the criteria for an intellectual disability.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] 90 on an IQ test does not meet the criteria for an intellectual disability.

[Q2] The most severe fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is: 1. Fetal alcohol syndrome [correct] 2. Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder 3. Alcohol-related birth defects 4. Asperger‘s syndrome [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] FAS is the most severe fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. It can result in death of the fetus.

Children with FAS have growth problems and may have developmental issues including intellectual disabilities, poor memory, vision and hearing problems.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Alcohol-related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND) is not the most serious level of FASD. Children with ARND are likely to have intellectual disabilities, short attention spans, and difficulties with impulse control. They are likely to have poor judgment and do poorly in school.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD) are the mildest form of FASD, but people born with ARBD may experience ongoing problems with the heart, kidneys, bones, hearing, or a combination of difficulties.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Asperger‘s syndrome is a developmental disability on the autism spectrum. There is currently no direct correlation between alcohol consumption by a pregnant woman with transfer to the fetus and an Asperger‘s diagnosis.

[Q3] The most common form of cerebral palsy is: 1. Athetoid/dyskinetic 2. Ataxic 3. Aphasic 4. Spastic [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Athetoid or dyskinetic cerebral palsy is manifested in 10 to 20% of individuals with cerebral palsy. Movement may be continuous but random and uncontrolled, especially under stress.

Facial features may also move in an uncontrolled manner. The walking gait is lurching.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Ataxic cerebral palsy is the least common form. It is primarily a balance disorder; children with this disability may walk with feet spread wide apart for stability. Movements that require precise coordination (such as writing) present special difficulties for these children.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There is no such diagnosis as aphasic cerebral palsy. Aphasia is a condition that affects a person's ability to express and understand written and spoken language.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Spastic cerebral palsy affects approximately 80% of individuals diagnosed with cerebral palsy.

Movement is slow, stiff, and sometimes jerky. Children with spasticity in both arms and legs (spastic quadriplegia) usually cannot walk. Intellectual disabilities often accompany this diagnosis.

[Q4] Research by Morrison-Orton in 2005 focused on what specific strategies utilized by social work practitioners working with people with disabilities?

1. Strengths 2. Empowerment 3. Spirituality/religion [correct] 4. Psychosocial assessment

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Morrison-Orton did not focus on the strengths approach to social work practice.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Morrison-Orton did not focus on the empowerment approach to social work practice with individuals with disabilities.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Morrison-Orton studied the relationship among spirituality, religion, belief, and healing for social workers and their approach to working with individuals with disabilities. About 73% of participants believed that the helping relationship itself was spiritual and that the relationship was the catalyst for positive change.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Morrison-Orton did not focus on the use of psychosocial assessments in social work practice with people with disabilities.

[Q5] Which of the following is the primary difference between the legal federal definition of disability and developmental disability?

1. There is no distinction regarding the timing of onset of the condition 2. A minimum of two physicians must concur on the diagnosis 3. The condition must be diagnosed prior to age 22 [correct] 4. Mental illness does not ―countˮ as a disability [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The condition must be identified in a timely manner for a person to qualify for support and services.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] There is no requirement at either the State or Federal level that more than one physician must diagnose the disability.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] According to the federal definition of developmental disability, the condition must occur before the affected individual has reached the age of 22.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] A diagnosis of mental illness may qualify some individuals for state and federal funding for supports and service, based on the specific diagnosis and other criteria.

Learning Objective 11.3: Describe contemporary social work practice with people who have disabilities.

[Q1] Which approach to uplifting persons with disabilities is of particular focus and is described in detail in the chapter?

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1. Segregated special education programs 2. Genetic testing 3. Montessori 4. L‘Arche communities [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Special education is an overarching title for educational services offered for children with special needs in public schools. The trend today is to mainstream children with special needs into regular classrooms with the supports they need to succeed. This could include adaptive equipment or an aide, for example. In most cases, schools are no longer segregating children from their similar-aged peers simply due to disabilities.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Genetic testing is a medical approach to providing information to couples who are pregnant or seeking to have children so that they will know ahead of time if their child(ren) could be born with birth defects.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Montessori is an approach to the education of children which seeks to develop natural interests and activities of each child rather than formal, traditional teaching methods.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] L‘Arche communities are deeply grounded in spiritual values, affirming that every person is sacred and unique, and that persons with disabilities have special gifts for touching the hearts of others. L‘Arche communities are created so that people with and without developmental disabilities can enjoy mutual friendships rooted in faith and love.

[Q2] _________________ is an area of social work practice that provides individualized supports to people with disabilities so they can achieve their workplace goals, especially in integrated settings in which they work alongside those without disabilities.

1. Supported employment [correct] 2. Vocational rehabilitation 3. Job coach 4. Normalization [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Supported employment includes job coaching and employment specialists. Social workers may provide direct services to their client such as skill assessment, on-site training, and locating potential jobs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Vocational rehabilitation is a federal program which enables persons with psychological, developmental, cognitive, and emotional disabilities, impairments or health disabilities to overcome barriers in accessing, maintaining, or returning to employment or other useful occupation.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] A social worker may be in a position as a job coach, but job coach itself is not a specific area of practice.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Normalization is the recognition that people with disabilities are people first, people who simply happen to have physical or mental disabilities with which they must cope.

[Q3] Which directive required accredited social work programs in the United States to include disability as a category to provide learning contexts to promote understanding and nondiscrimination?

National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics 1. Social Work Speaks 2. Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) 3. Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards (EPAS) [correct] 4. Social Work Dictionary [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] NASW does not provide guidance for accredited social work programs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Social Work Speaks is a publication of NASW in which they highlight policies supported by NASW. [Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The 2001 CSWE Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards included disability as a category for which programs are required to provide learning contexts to promote understanding and non-discrimination. The 2015 and 2022 EPAS continue to require all accredited social work programs to include content on anti-racism, diversity, equity, and inclusion.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Social Work Dictionary is a reference tool for social work professionals. It does not include curriculum requirements for social work education programs.

Learning Objective 11.4: Explain social justice issues that pertain to human diversity involving disabilities.

[Q1] Which act changed U.S. policy to make it more equitable to people of diverse racial and ethnic heritages to immigrate to the United States?

1. Chinese Exclusion Act 2. Japanese Internment Act 3. Immigration Act [correct] 4. U.S. Accommodation Act

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibited the immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Executive Order 9066, signed by President Franklin Roosevelt in 1942, authorized the evacuation of all persons deemed a threat to national security from the West Coast to relocation centers further inland. More than 100,000 men, women, and children of Japanese ancestry were moved to assembly centers and then transferred to guarded relocation centers, known as internment camps, in remote locations throughout the United States.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The 1965 Immigration Act changed U.S. policy to make immigration access to the United States more equal across racial and ethnic lines. Political refugees from the Philippines and Korea, along with refugees from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia were all early beneficiaries of this Act. [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] There is no federal legislation titled the U.S. Accommodation Act. [Q2] What is the name of the national grassroots organization dedicated to self-advocacy for persons with disabilities?

1. Centers for Independent Living (CILs) 2. Self-Advocates Becoming Empowered (SABE) [correct] 3. Association for the Rights of Persons with Handicaps (ARCh) 4. Disability Resource Center (DRC) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 established the first community-based Centers for Independent Living (CILs). CILs provide information and referral services, peer support, and independent living and self-advocacy training for people with disabilities.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] SABE was started in 1990 by a group of individuals with disabilities. The organization is run by a board of self-advocates representing nine regions across the country. Overarching goals are to fight discrimination, gain more control over their lives, and work collectively toward a more just society.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] ARCh is a nonprofit organization focused on building a world where all people are valued and encouraged to contribute, by promoting the health, safety, and achievement of children and adults with disabilities. While advocacy is a component of the work of ARCh, its primary focus is on service delivery to meet individual needs.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] DRCs are county-funded programs that provide information and resources for individuals with disabilities and their support people. Advocacy is not the primary focus of the DRC.

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[Q3] The belief that disability may be viewed as a ―mismatch‖ between a person‘s abilities and his or her environment is most closely aligned with which social work core value?

1. Empathy 2. Integrity 3. Competence 4. Social justice [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Integrity means that social workers practice in a trustworthy manner.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social workers practice within their areas of competence, continually strive to increase their professional knowledge and skills, and apply them to practice. Social workers should aspire to contribute to the knowledge base of the profession.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] When there is a problem related to disability, that problem is a result of the interaction between person and environment and not the individual‘s issue alone. For a person with a disability to function at a high level, the environment must be modified to accommodate the person‘s needs.

This is clearly an example of the importance of social justice in social work practice.

[Q4] Which of the Isms below is discrimination in favor of able-bodied people.

1. Sexism 2. Ageism 3. Ableism [correct] 4. Racism [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Sexism is the belief that one sex is superior to the other, usually that males are superior to females.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Ageism is the stereotype that youth is superior to age, that older adults have outlived their usefulness and therefore are of little value.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Ableism makes it difficult for people who do not have disabilities to understand the difficulties encountered by people with disabilities, resulting in the lack of provision of accommodations required to allow persons with disabilities fair chances to compete successfully in many areas of life.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Racism is the belief that one race is superior to others, a belief that tends to justify exploiting members of other races.

Learning Objective 11.5: Discuss the disability rights movement and its causes.

[Q1] Until the late twentieth century, some cities in the United States had ________ that banned people with disabilities from appearing in public.

1. sundown laws 2. viewing restrictions 3. ugly laws [correct] 4. institutional ordinances [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Sundown laws applied to predominantly White communities in which Black Americans were not allowed to be on the streets after the sunset.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] There was no practice known as viewing restrictions.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] ―Ugly laws‖ banned individuals with disabilities from appearing in public in cities such as Chicago and Omaha. Community prejudice and discrimination were overtly identified as major barriers preventing people with disabilities from taking control of their lives.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Institutional ordinances is a general reference to local ordinances and laws. They are not necessarily aimed at persons with disabilities.

[Q2] The primary outcome of the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act Amendments Act of 2008 (ADAAA) is which of the following?

1. Broader interpretation of disability and new EEOC regulations implemented the changes [correct] 2. Exclusion of persons with only a mental health diagnosis 3. More strict definitions of disability 4. Restricted access to public services and facilities [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Congress overturned several earlier Supreme Court decisions that had resulted in loss of protections for people with disabilities that were intended under the original ADA. The 2008 ADA Amendments Act broadened the interpretation of ―disability,‖ and new EEOC regulations implemented the changes.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Mental illness was once again to be considered a disability, depending on the limitations they caused for particular persons.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The U.S. Supreme Court dismissed several cases involving the ADA of 1990, citing more strict interpretations of the definition of disability, which conflicted with the original intent of the 1990 ADA. [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The ADAAA broadened access to public services and facilities, as an extension of the ADA of 1990.

[Q3] Which approach is often used to ensure appropriate funding, programming, and services for individuals with disabilities and their families?

1. Psychosocial assessment 2. Home modifications 3. Wraparound services [correct] 4. Information and referral (I&A) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] A psychosocial assessment is likely one tool utilized to determine client and family needs but is part of a more comprehensive approach.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Home modifications may be one example of services provided as part of a larger, more inclusive approach.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Wraparound services assist families with children who have behavioral disabilities so severe they are at risk of placement in residential care. Services include case management, crisis care and outreach, counseling, psychiatric consultation, diagnosis and treatment, education, and health services, among others.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] I&A is a service provided to individuals with disabilities and their families to assist in securing funding and services. It is not a comprehensive response to meet an individual or family‘s needs.

[Q4] Which federal act prohibits recipients of federal funds from discriminating against people with disabilities in employment, education, or services?

1. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) 2. Rehabilitation Act [correct]

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3. Civil Rights Act 4. Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The ADA was passed in 1990 as a civil rights law prohibiting discrimination based on disability.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Title V of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 prohibits recipients of federal funds from discriminating against persons with disabilities.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] The 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The IDEA ensures students with a disability are provided with a Free Appropriate Public Education that is tailored to their individual needs.

[Q5] Which social work value is in direct conflict with political developments that restrict personal choice, such as restrictive voting rights laws?

1. Importance of human relationships 2. Service 3. Empathy 4. Self-determination [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers recognize the importance of human relationships and understand that the relationships between and among people are an important vehicle for change.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Social workers rely on their value of service to help people in need and address social problems. They elevate service to others above their own self-interest.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Social workers use empathy to understand and share the feelings of their clients. In this way, they would not promote political ideologies that restrict voting rights laws for their clients.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] Recent voting laws have been passed in the many states creating obstacles to voting by mail and/or tightening voter ID requirements. These laws potentially infringe upon the individual‘s right to self-determination and will make voting more difficult for people with mobility problems and other disabilities.

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Chapter 11 Application Exercises Application Exercise 11.1: Self-Determination and Disabilities Learning Objective 11.2: Identify and discuss major types of developmental disabilities.

[Artifact] Case Study 11.2 Danny Hensley [Q1] Use Case Study 11.2 Danny Hensley to answer the following question: In what ways did the social worker and other professionals involved in Danny‘s life, allow Danny and his parents (as his legal guardians) to engage in self-determination for choices regarding Danny‘s future?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses should address some of the following: Danny‘s parents followed the professional advice of medical personnel, educators, therapists, and social workers to provide for all of his social, emotional, and educational needs. The social workers were part of an interdisciplinary team that recommended special education, and Individualized Education Plan (IEP), and encouraged the family to pursue a job training program for Danny to work on a farm. Selfdetermination is a key value in the social work profession.

[Q2] Use Case Study 11.2 Danny Hensley to answer the following question: How does this case study differ from historical approaches to dealing with individuals with developmental disabilities?

[Q2 Model Response] Historically, individuals with disabilities were removed from the family setting and were institutionalized. These environments were sterile, crowded, and offered little hope in the way of care and treatment. The clients were not given the same educational and training opportunities to live a fully engaged, independent life. During certain periods of our history, individuals with disabilities were shunned by society, treated as animals, and used for medical experimentation to tease out genetic abnormalities in the hopes of creating a more healthy human race.

Application Exercise 11.2: Social Work Practice in Disability Services Learning Objective 11.3: Describe contemporary social work practice with people who have disabilities.

[Artifact] Box 11.2 Practice Settings with People with Disabilities [Q1] Use Box 11.2: Practice Settings with People with Disabilities to answer the following question: Explain the essential necessary generalist practice skills for social workers across the various settings for people with disabilities.

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[Q1 Model Response] Responses should include at least some of the following: active listening, strong communication, patience, empathy, professionalism, organization, self-care, competence.

[Q2] Use Box 11.2: Practice Settings with People with Disabilities to answer the following question: The NASW Code of Ethics (1.14) requires that when social workers act on behalf of clients who lack the capacity to make informed decisions, the professional must take reasonable steps to safeguard the interests and rights of those clients. How does this look in any one of the practice settings listed in Box 11.2?

[Q2 Model Response] Responses could include any of the following:  Social workers must communicate with legal guardians or representatives of the client.  They must guarantee confidentiality between themselves, the guardian (s) and the client as much as legally allowable.  Social workers must refer the client to outside services if the social worker is not competent in a particular area of disability services or the agency does not provide the needed service.  They must work toward social justice in every aspect of the client‘s life, as outlined by the client/family/guardian.  The social worker must allow for self-determination.

Application Exercise 11.3: Learning Objective 11.5: Discuss the disability rights movement and its causes.

[Artifact] Box 11.5 Why Disability Issues Should Be a Higher Priority [Q1] Use Box 11.5: Why Disability Issues Should Be a Higher Priority (and the text narrative immediately before and after Box 11.5) to answer the following question: How has the public narrative shifted regarding the view of individuals with disabilities?

[Q1 Model Response] Responses should address some of the following points:  Community prejudice and discrimination were identified as major barriers preventing people with disabilities from taking control of their own lives.  The disability rights movement began as a means for individuals to advocate for themselves as subjects in their own lives rather than being pawns and objects of medical and social control.  People with disabilities sought to redefine their identities and to change popular perceptions of the sources of their problems.

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 The category of persons with disabilities is the fastest growing minority group in the United States. Anyone can become a ―member‖ of this group regardless of race, gender, income, education, etc.

[Q2] Use Box 11.5: Why Disability Issues Should Be a Higher Priority (and the text narrative immediately before and after Box 11.5) to answer the following question: How should social workers address the lack of accommodations for individuals in society as more a lack of consideration of everyone‘s needs rather than simple disdain or hostility?

[Q2 Model Response] Social workers should work from their foundation of values and ethics to display a strengths perspective. This would allow for everyone to see how the community is currently responding to the accommodation needs of all people, then building on that foundation. Allowing for all voices to be heard will be important. Educating the community about various types of disabilities will hopefully reduce fear and stigma. Promoting equity for persons with disabilities is a form of social justice, which is a key social work value.

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Chapter 11 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. Based on the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court ruling on Roe vs. Wade, ______________is now responsible for determining abortion rights for women A. federal government B. local municipalities C. states D. U.S. Supreme Court 2. The end of Jenny‘s internship was difficult due to A. Jenny had grown fond of every family member.

B. she was tired of school.

C. she felt the family still needed her.

D. she was not prepared to start work as a social worker.

3. Who demonstrated that people with speech and hearing problems could be taught to read words and to add simple numbers?

A. Jean-Marc-Gaspard Itard B. Jacob Rodriquez Pereira C. Edouard Seguin D. Johann Guggenbuhl 4. Which of the following is a cause of intellectual disability in children?

A. A genetic disorder B. Depression in the mother C. Developmental disability in the mother D. Diagnosed mental illness in the mother 5. Which of the following is a major category of developmental disabilities?

A. Crohn‘s disease B. Aphasia C. Cancer D. Traumatic brain injury 6. In order to qualify as a developmental disability under federal guidelines, the disabling condition must occur before the age of A. 12.

B. 18.

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C. 22.

D. 30.

7. The reformer who established the first American training schools for children with disabilities was A. Francis Galton.

B. Samuel Gridley Howe.

C. Francis Groton.

D. Charles Loring Brace 8. In the late 19th century, which of the following had a detrimental effect on the status of persons with developmental disabilities in the United States?

A. The Social Darwinists B. Deinstitutionalization C. Normalization D. Training schools 9. Normalization is a concept that was first developed in A. the Scandinavian countries in the 1950s.

B. the Soviet Union shortly after the close of World War I. C. France in the 1830s.

D. The United States in the 1920s.

10. Children with this disorder exhibit symptoms that include avoiding eye contact, wanting to be alone, and not liking to be held or cuddled. The disorder is A. cerebral palsy.

B. hearing problems.

C. autism.

D. a learning disability.

11. The Americans with Disabilities Act A. failed to pass in the 1990 Congressional session.

B. was designed to assist all people with disabilities.

C. covers all other disabilities except developmental disabilities.

D. excluded public companies with fewer than 50 employees.

12. The empowerment model strongly encourages which of the following statements?

A. Self-advocacy among people with disabilities B. Exciting institutions for those with disabilities to live C. Controlling their finances so that individuals with disabilities are not cheated D. Giving individuals with disabilities food and clothing at regular intervals

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13. Causes of this developmental disability include infections to the mother during pregnancy, insufficient oxygen reaching the fetus, premature birth, lack of oxygen to the baby during birth, blood diseases, and other birth defects.

A. Intellectual disability B. Autism C. Cerebral palsy D. Epilepsy 14. The following is a shortened version of the NASW standard for social workers who work with individuals with developmental disabilities A. Social workers may work with other disciplines in the care and treatment of persons with developmental disabilities.

B. If a client lacks decision-making capacities (which may be the case with a client who has disabilities), the worker must take reasonable steps to safeguard that client‘s interests and rights.

C. Social workers discriminate against and condone discrimination against a client on the basis of mental or physical disability.

D. Social workers should not work to prevent but also to eliminate any exploitation or domination of a person with a mental or physical disability.

15. Anxiety disorders, bipolar disorder, conduct disorders, eating disorders, and psychotic disorders are categorized as A. learning disability.

B. developmental disability.

C. emotional disturbance.

D. traumatic brain injury.

Essay Questions 1. Discuss three types of developmental disabilities. How can social workers be effective with the interventions for people with developmental disabilities?

2. Discuss how the college or university that you are attending is complying with the Americans with Disabilities Act and give four examples.

3. Explain deinstitutionalization and the importance of social work practice in maintaining individuals with developmental disabilities in the community.

4. Explain what types of ethical dilemmas a social worker employed by an agency for clients with developmental disabilities may encounter. Include recommendations the social workers can utilize to deal with these ethical dilemmas.

5. Expand on the effects of three social policies impacting people with developmental disabilities.

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Chapter 11 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. C (see page 413, section titled ―Genetic Counseling‖) 2. A (see page 388, section titled ―Case Study 11.1 Mary and Lea Perkins‖) 3. B (see page 393, section titled ―Pioneering Efforts‖) 4. A (see pages 399–400, section titled ―Intellectual Disability‖) 5. D (see pages 405–406, section titled ―Traumatic Brain Injury‖) 6. C (see page 398, section titled ―Difference Between Disability and Developmental Disability‖) 7. B (see page 393, section titled ―Training Schools‖) 8. A (see page 395, section titled ―The Eugenics Movement‖) 9. A (see page 396, section titled ―Normalization and the Deinstitutionalization Movement‖) 10. C (see page 401, section titled ―Autism Spectrum Disorders‖) 11. B (see page 421, section titled ―The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008‖) 12. A (see page 417, section titled ―Social Justice Issues and Disability‖) 13. C (see page 400, section titled ―Cerebral Palsy‖) 14. B (see page 411, section titled ―ASW Code of Ethics‖) 15. C (see page 407, section titled ―Emotional Disturbance‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 398–409, main section titled ―Types of Developmental Disabilities‖): a. Developmental disabilities must occur before age 22. b. Cerebral palsy results from damage to the brain, typically before or during birth where there is a lack of oxygen to the brain; can be caused by an infection, premature birth, bold diseases, or other birth defects. c. Autism spectrum disorder diagnoses have skyrocketed in the past few decades; its causes are unknown; often not diagnosed until toddlerhood. d. Learning disabilities are those limitations that hinder a child‘s ability to read, write, or do math calculations; a few examples are dyslexia, developmental aphasia, and dysgraphia. e. Social workers are embracing the use of technology in their work with individuals with a variety of disabilities.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 421–422, section titled ―The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, the Civil Rights Act of 1991, and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008‖): a. Employers (Universities/Colleges) must make reasonable accommodations for people with disabilities.

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b. Accessibility to public accommodations such as schools/Universities c. Reasonable accommodations for students in the classroom (alternate text formats, note-takers, lecture recording, alternate testing options, etc.) d. Accessible housing on campus 3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 397–398, section titled ―Deinstitutionalization as a Goal‖): a. The establishment of Centers for Independent Living (CILs) paved the way for community-based services for individuals with developmental disabilities. b. People could receive the necessary supports and services in the larger community and live more independently as a result. c. Social workers continue to advocate for least-restrictive environments for clients and support self-determination.

4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 423–426, sections titled ―Value Dilemmas and Ethical Implications‖ and ―Current Trends‖): a. Many types of ethical dilemmas when working with individuals with developmental disabilities b. Social workers are called upon to engage in social and political action to improve the lives and opportunities of clients, secure their rights, and work to expand choices and opportunities for all. c. In supporting client rights and needs, social workers sometimes come in conflict with agency policy, or family members not supporting the client‘s right to self-determination.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 419–420, section titled ―The Disability Rights Movement, Social Policy, and Appropriate Terminology‖): a. Adults with disabilities make up 20% of those who benefit from Section 8 housing. b. The ADA Amendments Act of 2008 resulted in a more broad and inclusive definition of disability, guaranteeing protections and services to address their individual needs. c. Rosa’s Law replaced the phrase mental retardation with disability, which holds more accepted vernacular.

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The Social Work Experience: A CaseBased Introduction Chapter to 12Social Work and Social Welfare

Test Item File Eight Edition Mary Ann Suppes

Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

Carolyn Cressy Wells University of Wisconsin, Oshkosh, WI

Melinda Lee Kiltz Mount Mary University, Milwaukee, WI

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Table of Contents Chapter 12: The Social Work Profession Looks to the Future Learning Outcome Quizzes

1

Application Exercises

8

Test Items

12

Test Answer Key

16

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Chapter 12: The Social Work Profession Looks to the Future Chapter 12 Learning Outcome Quizzes Learning Objective 12.1: Explain why global issues, futuristic thinking, and strategic planning by the United States and the United Nations are relevant to the social work profession.

[Q1] Through which broad lens must social workers evaluate the world?

1. Ethnocentric perspectives 2. Terrorism 3. Global events [correct] 4. Immigration [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social work best practice requires that we do not evaluate the world through an ethnocentric lens. This limits our experiences to only those already familiar to us.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Terrorism is an important issue for social workers worldwide. It is a somewhat narrow lens, however, to evaluate the world and its happenings.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] Social workers today increasingly recognize that emerging global issues including war, pandemics related to infectious diseases, terrorism, environmental devastation, and massive migration all produce new challenges. Social workers now, more than ever, need to think critically about their practice through the lens of global events and diverse perspectives.

Increasing numbers of social workers are now working in international settings for at least a part of their careers. All social workers, however, must now be prepared to bring internationalized perspectives into their daily practice [Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Immigration and migration are important issues for social workers worldwide. However, they offer a somewhat narrow lens, however, through which we evaluate the world.

[Q2] According to the authors, in the future, the United States will become _________________ culturally diverse than it is today.

1. Far less 2. Far more [correct] 3. Slightly less 4. Slightly more

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] There is virtually nowhere on earth that is experiencing less diversity across culture, race, and ethnicity.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The United States will continue to experience a rapid increase in its cultural diversity. As the world becomes more interconnected and global communities become the norm worldwide, it is anticipated that people will move around more readily.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There is virtually nowhere on earth that is experiencing less diversity across culture, race, and ethnicity.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The United States will not experience a slow-paced increase in cultural and ethnic diversity.

[Q3] A critical component of the definition of globalization from Hewa & Stapleton is that: 1. The process is one-directional 2. The concept of an exchange of ideas and values that crosses national borders and creates global communities [correct] 3. The process is heavily reliant upon economics to affect global change 4. National borders remain rigid [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The process of globalization cannot be one-directional. It requires interactions to and from various groups of people to succeed.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] The process of globalization is multidirectional. Economics is part of the process but is not the primary driver. As collaboration increases, national borders shrink. Global communities are created when ideas and values are exchanged and cross borders.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Economics is merely one critical component of globalization that affects change.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] With globalization, natural borders are no longer seen as limiting people on either side.

Learning Objective 12.2: Identify the major social forces that are transforming the world and their potential impact on social workers and the people served by social workers.

[Q1] Which type of medicine utilizes the science of chemistry, engineering, computer science, biology, and other areas (including stem cell research) to restore damaged tissue and organs (and is also providing for more social work positions as a result)?

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1. Regenerative [correct] 2. Restorative 3. Transplant 4. Growth [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Regenerative medicine (also sometimes referred to as ‗tissue engineering‘) is a rapidly growing field of medicine. Social workers are being employed in greater numbers as part of multidisciplinary teams in this type of practice.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Restorative medicine is a more abstract concept in which providers are working holistically to return patients‘ levels of functioning to a pre-morbid level of functioning.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Transplant medicine is the specialty practice in which human organs are removed from one individual and implanted into another person due to illness, injury, or cease of functioning.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Growth medicine is not a recognized specialty type of medical practice.

[Q2] The profession of social work is attuned to issues concerning women because 1. Social work comprised significant numbers of women and serves a client population that includes many poor and vulnerable women [correct] 2. Women have petitioned for this cause 3. Women hold the majority of administrative positions in social work 4. Of the need for the Equal Rights Amendment [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Social work pioneers including Jane Addams and Florence Kelley were great leaders in the struggle for equality for women and the right to vote. Social work history has been led predominantly by women and serves many poor and vulnerable women, who are the most at risk of being economically exploited.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Women as a gendered category of persons have petitioned for many causes, including those involving social justice for men. Similarly, men have petitioned for causes involving women.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] While there are more female social workers than men, women still find themselves in lower administrative and line work positions than their male counterparts.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The ERA was passed in 1972 and has been ratified by the majority of U.S. states.

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[Q3] Computerized databases, email, social media, and other technology resources may help remedy one of the most serious problems in social work, which is 1. Lack of documentation 2. Storage of case records 3. Fragmentation of services [correct] 4. High administrative costs [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Documentation is a basic tenet of social work practice. The saying is ―If you did not document it, it did not happen.ˮ Thus, manual documentation has always been the requirement, and the use of technology is making that more convenient.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Storage of case records has also become easier with technological advances but has not been the most serious concern in social work.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The many technology resources may increase the efficiency of social work and help social workers stay connected. Technology is also likely to help with continuity of services, rather than sustaining the current fragmented system of services. The most important safeguard for technology use is to ensure client confidentiality with whatever modalities are being utilized.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Not all organizations or agencies are faced with high administrative costs.

[Q4] Which ethnic group is expected to decline in population to comprise only 44% of the U.S. population by 2060?

1. Hispanic Americans 2. African Americans 3. White Americans [correct] 4. Asian Americans [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] The population of Hispanic American is expected to double by the year 2060.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] The U.S. population of African Americans is expected to increase by 40% by 2060.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 3] According to the U.S. census bureau, the fastest growing population is the ―two or more racesˮgroup, which is expected to see 200% growth by 2060. The non-Hispanic White group is expected to decline in population by 15% by the year 2060.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] The Asian American population is expected to be the second fastest growing population by ethnicity by 2060.

[Q5] Demographics are of considerable interest to researchers and scholars because demographics 1. Will lead to increased funding for projects 2. Predict a person‘s future 3. Will decrease poverty 4. Provide statistical data on population characteristics and trends [correct] [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Demographic data is an important tool in presenting the need for increase funding but is not the sole arbiter of awarding such monies.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Demographics (i.e., address, education level, income, race) are used to identify predictors of future success, but do not guarantee what an individual‘s future will be.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There is no causal effect of using demographic information to reduce poverty.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 4] The use of demographic data does provide statistics regarding population characteristics and trends, which in turn help experts suggest changes to current programming and predict future outcomes.

Learning Objective 12.3: Describe what the future of the social work profession holds in terms of employment opportunities and future challenges.

[Q1] Which professional field is expected to have the highest demand for social workers through at least 2030 1. Child welfare 2. Health care 3. Mental health and substance abuse [correct] 4. Education [Feedback for Answer Choice 1] Social workers in child welfare will be needed to help families develop parenting skills, for child abuse prevention, and to identify and help relocate children to alternative homes when they are unable to remain in their own homes. This practice area is expected to experience 13% growth.

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[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Health care social workers are expected to grow by 13%. This is due, in large part, to serving the expanding population of older adults, creating employment opportunities in home health care, assisted living, and within nursing homes and hospice programs as well as in hospitals [Feedback for Correct Answer 3] The Bureau of Labor Statistics projects that the demand for social work in mental health and substance abuse positions will increase at rate of 15%, which is significantly higher than the average 6% increase expected across all occupations.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Increasing K-12 school enrollments are expected to create employment opportunities for school social workers. The growth rate is anticipated to be 13% by 2030.

[Q2] The Grand Accomplishments represent what important contributions of social work over time?

1. Social justice and promotion of human rights [correct] 2. Alleviating poverty and truth in sentencing 3. Human rights and economic prosperity 4. Social justice and economic reform [Feedback for Correct Answer 1] Social justice and human rights are core values of the social work profession. When reviewing the history of the profession, these values provide a strong sense of pride for the contributions and achievements made by the profession.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 2] Alleviating poverty and truth in sentencing laws are examples of specific achievements leading to the fulfillment of the Grand Accomplishments.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] Human rights and economic prosperity are examples of specific achievements leading to the fulfillment of the Grand Accomplishments.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] Social justice is a core value of the social work profession. Economic reform is an ongoing effort leading to the fulfillment of the Grand Accomplishments.

[Q3] The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) projects that by the year 2030, the social work profession will have a shortfall of approximately ______________ social workers.

1. 100,000 2. 200,000 [correct] 3. 500,000 4. 1,000,000 6 Copyright © 2024, 2018, 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 1] As baby boomers retire, there will be significantly greater need for social workers to work with older adults by the year 2030.

[Feedback for Correct Answer 2] Based on supply and demand projections, BLS estimates that there will be a shortfall of 195,850 social workers by 2030. California, Texas, Florida, Georgia, and Arizona are expected to have the most severe shortages nationwide.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 3] There are currently 680,000 social workers in the United States. Expected need is not expected to almost double those already in practice.

[Feedback for Answer Choice 4] With a population of almost 330,000,000 people, the United States has never recognized the need for more than 1,000,000 or more social workers.

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Chapter 12 Application Exercises Application Exercise 12.1: From Micro to Macro Practice Learning Objective 12.1: Explain why global issues, futuristic thinking, and strategic planning by the United States and the United Nations are relevant to the social work profession.

[Q1] Use Pearson eText Video Example 12.2 to answer the following question: How might the social worker use advocacy skills to affect change on a larger, macro level scale?

[Q1 Model Response] Social workers often engage legislators to inform and effect change on a macro level. This may include facilitating informed participation by the public (including her clients) to shape policy and services. The social worker has an ethical obligation to engage in social and political action to expand choices and opportunities for all people, and to promote and work toward conditions that embrace diversity and difference. This issue is ripe for international attention as well.

Involvement with federal legislators and both governmental and nongovernmental organizations worldwide can lead to policy and practice changes.

[Q2] Use Pearson eText Video Example 12.2 to answer the following question: How is advocacy for human rights consistent with social work values and the mission of the profession?

[Q2 Model Response] The social worker demonstrates a sense of feeling overwhelmed with the complex issues facing her clients. Her supervisor reminds her of the importance of advocating on a micro and macro level, which is consistent with social work ethical standards. Social workers can use empowering intervention strategies and educational approaches when working with populations that experience human rights violations, to assist them in recognizing the broader dynamics involved.

Application Exercise 12.2: Environmental Justice Across Race and Water Learning Objective 12.2: Identify the major social forces that are transforming the world and their potential impact on social workers and the people served by social workers.

[Q1] Scenario: A mid-sized Midwestern U.S. city reportedly has high levels of lead in its water supply.

African America makes up about 10% of the total population of the city. In the city‘s public school system, 55% of students are Black, and 79% of students are from economically disadvantaged homes. Students in the city‘s public schools have been tested for lead, and it was determined that most of the children were exposed to high lead levels for a prolonged period of time. The director of the city‘s public health department was required to notify parents/guardians in writing if their child/children tested positive for lead. Unfortunately, the letters were never mailed. A year has now passed since parents/guardians should have been notified, thus leaving every student in danger of potential health problems that should have been addressed starting more than a year ago. When a city spokesperson (not an official of the

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health department) was interviewed about the situation, he stated, ―What‘s the big deal? It‘s just water! How dangerous can that be?‖ Question: In what ways does this scenario highlight the need for greater focus on environmental justice?

[Q1 Model Response] Students should consider the ethnic makeup of the city and the school district. Consider how these families of color and low socioeconomic status might fare worse than others relative to the lead problem.

In looking at the statistics above, it is obvious that there is a disproportionate number of Black families living in parts of the city with high levels of lead in the water. As a result of the health department‘s failure to act on the findings and notify families, the students who tested positive are at greater risk for long-term health complications. The environmental injustice in this case is that the water is tainted, victims have been identified, but reparations have not yet been made.

The longer the problem persists without proper information and treatment, the more city residents are at risk of contracting lead poisoning.

[Q2] Scenario: A mid-sized Midwestern U.S. city reportedly has high levels of lead in its water supply.

Black citizens make up about 10% of the total population of the city. In the city‘s public school system, 55% of students are Black, and 79% of students are from economically disadvantaged homes. Students in the city‘s public schools have been tested for lead, and it was determined that most of the children were exposed to high lead levels for a prolonged period of time. The director of the city‘s public health department was required to notify parents/guardians in writing if their child/children tested positive for lead. Unfortunately, the letters were never mailed. A year has now passed since parents/guardians should have been notified, thus leaving every student in danger of potential health problems that should have been addressed starting more than a year ago. When a city spokesperson (not an official of the health department) was interviewed about the situation, he stated, ―What‘s the big deal? It‘s just water! How dangerous can that be?‖ [Q2] Knowing what you do about racial disparities across the United States, how do you think this same scenario might play out in a predominantly white suburban area of this city?

[Q2 Model Response] Students should consider the ethnic makeup of the city and the school district. Consider how these families of color and low socioeconomic status might fare worse than others relative to the lead problem.

As stated above, most of the affected families are families of color. This means that significantly fewer Caucasian families are affected by the tainted water. If this were a white suburban community, it is likely that the lead levels may not have reached dangerous levels in the first place. However, if they did, suburban communities generally have greater financial resources and human capital to address such a problem, including more timely detection and notification to the public.

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Application Exercise 12.3: The Grand Challenges of Social Work Learning Objective 12.3: Describe what the future of the social work profession holds in terms of employment opportunities and future challenges.

[Artifact] The American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare (AASWSW) Grand Challenges (2020) The Grand Challenges of Social Work represent the profession as they incorporate strong research with clear connection to intervention strategies designed to create a path to delivery of solutions. This effort seeks to impact the future of the social work profession‘s work in helping to create a more just society through focusing on challenges relating to individuals, families, and the larger society. The 13 Grand Challenges include the following:  Ensure healthy development for youths  Close the health gap  Build healthy relationships to end violence  Advance long and productive lives  Eradicate social isolation  End homelessness  Create social responses to a changing environment  Harness technology for social good  Eliminate racism  Promote smart decarceration  Build financial capability and assets for all  Reduce extreme economic inequality  Achieve equal opportunity and justice [Q1] Use Pearson Text Artifact 12.1 to answer the following question: How do The Grand Challenges align with the social work mission of social justice?

[Q1 Model Response] These Challenges encourage the profession to review what we know to be true (through research) and incorporate this information with best practices to find solutions to problems of social injustice. We must engage with stakeholders across all 5 systems levels: Individuals, families, groups, organizations, and communities to effect positive, long-lasting change.

[Artifact] The American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare (AASWSW) Grand Challenges (2020) The Grand Challenges of Social Work represent the profession as they incorporate strong research with clear connection to intervention strategies designed to create a path to delivery of 10 Copyright © 2024, 2018, 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

solutions. This effort seeks to impact the future of the social work profession‘s work in helping to create a more just society through focusing on challenges relating to individuals, families, and the larger society. The 13 Grand Challenges include the following:  Ensure healthy development for youths  Close the health gap  Build healthy relationships to end violence  Advance long and productive lives  Eradicate social isolation  End homelessness  Create social responses to a changing environment  Harness technology for social good  Eliminate racism  Promote smart decarceration  Build financial capability and assets for all  Reduce extreme economic inequality  Achieve equal opportunity and justice [Q2] Use Pearson Text Artifact 12.1 to answer the following question: hoose any one of the Challenges. How should a social worker apply social work ethics and values to address that Challenge?

[Q2 Model Response] For all choices, responses should address some of the following:  Social workers should provide service to client systems.  Their efforts must be rooted in competence (only practicing within there are of expertise) and integrity.  Social workers must uphold the value of the importance of human relationships and the inherent dignity and value of each person.  They must ultimately be working toward social justice.

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Chapter 12 Test Items Multiple Choice Questions Choose the best possible answer for each of the following.

1. The term globalization means which of the following.

A. Process by which ideas, knowledge, information, goods, and services spread across the world B. Immigration patterns across the United States that impact border policy C. The exploration of space across multiple galaxies for intelligent alien life D. The strategic planning that the United Nations conducts to anticipate and guide the direction the future will take 2. Computerized databases, e-mail, chat rooms, and other technology resources may help to remedy one of the most serious problems in social work, which is A. fragmentation of services.

B. lack of documentation.

C. high administrative and clerical costs.

D. storage of case records.

3. The four demographic trends that currently have the greatest impact on social work practice are A. the increasing dominance of minority groups, rapid growth in the youth population, the overall decline in population growth, and the increase in the older population.

B. the continued growth of the total U.S. population, the American Indian population, the ―old‖ segment of the population, and the youth population.

C. the growth of the ―underclass,‖ the emergence of women as a significant social force, and the decline in Hispanic and black political influence.

D. the ―graying of America,‖ the evolving structure of the American family, the changing nature of the immigrant and refugee population, and an increasingly multicultural American.

4. Strategy arising from advocacy on the part of a coalition of women‘s groups to obtain pay equity is focused on the notion of A. equal pay for equal work.

B. employers set wage criteria that are sex and race neutral.

C. unequal pay for equal work.

D. different jobs can be equated and paid comparable wages.

5. One advantage of privatizing social services is A. the promise of economic efficiency.

B. possible disruption of or prematurely discontinued services to clients.

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C. conflict of interest between the best interests of the client and generating a profit for the organization.

D. potential loss of commitment to advocacy and social justice.

6. People who study global trends to predict the nature of life in the future are known as A. policymakers.

B. futurists.

C. refugees.

D. environmental scholars.

7. Which is TRUE regarding political asylum?

A. There is a quota on the number of people seeking political asylum who can enter this country each year.

B. The United States is the only country in the world that accepts people who are seeking political asylum.

C. Political asylum is limited by Congress to prevent surges in refugees from overwhelming the social service and educational systems.

D. Political asylum is a protected status based on evidence of persecution.

8. In order to address the challenge of states delivering TANF programs in an equitable and cost-effective manner, the GAO set a performance goal of A. identifying ways to improve the effectiveness and integrity of programs that provide economic and nutrition assistance, and social services.

B. assessing the long-term financial stability of Social Security.

C. shifting revenue from TANF programs to improvements in the military due to decreasing caseload numbers in TANF programs.

D. employing sanctions on individuals accessing TANF programs for failure to comply with TANF requirements.

9. An ethical issue for social workers associated with the rise of computerization is A. networking with other professionals.

B. breaching confidentiality.

C. increasing the integration of services.

D. decreasing opportunities for nonverbal communication.

10. Demographics are of considerable interest to researchers and scholars because demographics A. provide statistical data on population characteristics and trends.

B. predict a person‘s future.

C. decrease poverty and the need for social services.

D. increase funding for important infrastructure projects across the nation.

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11. An organism‘s DNA that contains the genetic instructions responsible for developing and directing the activities of that organism is a A. genome.

B. stem cell.

C. trait map.

D. clone.

12. Employment at or near minimum wage, often part-time and without benefits, is also known as A. unemployment.

B. underemployment.

C. over employment.

D. negative employment.

13. The lifetime limit of months on benefits, a feature for TANF that did not exist in AFDC, is A. 12 months (1 year).

B. 24 months (2 years).

C. 48 months (4 years).

D. 60 months (5 years).

14. The promising new field that utilizes the sciences of chemistry, medicine, engineering, computer science, biology, and other areas (including stem cell research) to restore damaged tissue or organs is A. regenerative medicine.

B. restoration medicine.

C. transplant medicine.

D. growth medicine.

15. ―Create social responses to a changing environment‖ is one of the A. United Nations‘ Sustainable Development goals.

B. European Union‘s only challenge.

C. Thirteen Grand Challenges of Social Work.

D. GAO‘s Strategic Plan Priorities.

Essay Questions 1. What do you believe are the major political trends that will affect social work during the coming decade, and what will be their impact?

2. Is the increasing privatization of social work services a beneficial or detrimental trend? Why or why not?

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3. What impact is the increasingly aging population in the United States going to have on social work practice and employment in the coming decade?

4. Discuss the benefits and shortcomings of biomedical advances, including the use of stem cells. What impact will this have on social work opportunities?

5. Why are the 13 Grand Challenges of Social Work important to identify? How will these shape the role of the social worker over the next couple of decades?

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Chapter 12 Test Answer Key Multiple Choice Questions 1. A (see page 434, section titled ―Social Work: A Profession at the Edge of Change‖) 2. A (see page 460, section titled ―Information and Communication Technology‖) 3. D (see page 443, section titled ―Demographic Trends‖) 4. B (see page 455, section titled ―Women‘s Issues‖) 5. A (see page 454, section titled ―Privatization of Social Services‖) 6. B (see page 434, section titled ―Social Work: A Profession at the Edge of Change‖) 7. D (see page 448, section titled ―The Changing Immigrant and Refugee Population‖) 8. A (see page 452, section titled ―Welfare Reform and Poverty‖) 9. B (see page 460, section titled ―Information and Communication Technology‖) 10. A (see page 443, section titled ―Demographic Trends‖) 11. A (see page 464, section titled ―Genetic Research‖) 12. B (see page 457, section titled ―Economic Trends‖) 13. D (see page 452, section titled ―Welfare Reform and Poverty‖) 14. A (see page 461, section titled ―Biomedical Technology‖) 15. C (see page 471, section titled ―The Grand Challenges and Contributions of Social Work‖) Essay Questions 1. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 451–457, section titled ―Political Forces‖): a. The political environment in the United States will continue to be volatile with parties being dominated by extreme views, putting them in extreme conflict with each other.

Minimal legislation will be accomplished due to lack of bipartisan efforts. This will impact efforts by social workers to make sure programs and services continue to exist for their neediest clients. b. Policy work will continue related to welfare reform and poverty. The major changes that have occurred at the state level with TANF funds will continue to restrict access by placing requirements like work on participants and enacting sanctions for failure to comply to the requirements. This will lead to growing numbers of children and families living without the food, clothing, and other resources they need to be safe and healthy.

Social workers may need to look for other funding sources like private philanthropy and churches to cover the programs and services vacated by state governments. c. As a way to reduce costs, governments are looking for ways to privatize services including social services. This may impact the integrity of services for those who most need it, putting generation of a profit in conflict with the best interests of the clients.

Social workers need to serve as the advocates for the clients, ensuring proper funding and resources to best serve these individuals.

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d. With the Supreme Court shift on several key policies like abortion and affirmative action, policies have been focusing on restrictions associated with marginalized groups.

This is leading to national rallies by influential groups, galvanizing individuals from these marginalized groups into political influencers. Movements like the Black Lives Matter and Anti-Abortion demonstrate the power of political movements. Women are becoming a force in state legislatures, running more and more for political office on the state and federal level. Social workers are becoming more influential in policy development and running for seats at the state and national level to have the greatest level of influence on policy.

2. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 454–455, section titled ―Privatization of Social Services‖): a. State and federal governments are looking more and more to privatizing public services as a way to reduce costs and save money. Social service has been one area where states have been contracting with corporations to run a number of programs including the prison systems, child abuse services, mental health facilities, and group homes that were all previously operated by state and local governments. b. One of the benefits of privatizing social services is the idea that it will be more efficient and cost effective, leading to fewer tax dollars needed to cover the actual costs.

Another benefit is it brings innovation from business into the operation of social service programs, leading to better assessments, identification of needs, and alignment of services to best meet client needs. c. One challenge of privatizing social services is the conflict between generating a profit and providing a full range of services that truly meets the best interests of the client.

The concern is that programs will be scaled back and staff reduced so much to show a profit that programs and services will not be as effective or timely. Another challenge is the type of role that social workers will be able to play in the new corporate structure. Of concern is the potential that social workers might lose their traditional commitment to advocacy, to social change, to social and economic justice, and to service to vulnerable populations.

3. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 445–446, section titled ―The Graying of America‖): a. As the population in the United States shifts to one that is older with the Baby Boomer generation moving into retirement, programs and services for the elderly will be in greater need. The population aged 65 or older is now expected to reach 85.7 million by the year 2050. b. This aging population is looking to use its wealth to enjoy an active lifestyle including travel, recreation, entertainment, and wellness programs. c. With advancements and technology in medicine, lifespan is also increasing, leading to more seniors experiencing cognitive disorders like dementia and physical disabilities. d. With the aging of the population, extended roles for social workers will include housing assistance, advocacy (especially with health care), adult protective services, counseling, memory care, and intergenerational programming. e. With the aging of the population, many current social work professionals will be retiring from the field, leaving many openings for the next generation to fill. There will also be increasing opportunities to work in placements with the elderly. Social work programs across the country need to make sure students have access to courses and 17 Copyright © 2024, 2018, 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.

placements with the elderly so that young social work professional is ready for the ever increasing needs to serve our senior citizens in the United States.

4. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 461–464, section titled ―Biomedical Technology‖): a. Many advances have occurred that are saving individuals and prolonging life. In regenerative medicine, new technologies are leading to the restoring and replacing of damaged tissue and organs. This is revolutionizing the quality of life for people who previously had to wait for an organ transplant. Stem cells from bone marrow are being used to restore diseased blood systems like leukemia to save the life of a patient. Stem cells are also being used with burn patients with skin cell transplants. Research continues in many countries, using stem cells to make discoveries for treating cancer, Alzheimer disease, and other human organ malfunctions. b. The challenge with regenerative medicine is in its use of stem cells, which were initially only found in embryos. Ethical issues regarding human embryo stem cell research and cultivation emerged because of the use and destruction of a fertilized human egg.

Considerable advancement has been made since. Now stem cells can be used from adult human cells as well as embryonic cells. When used, embryonic cells primarily come from petri dishes with donated cells that are then fertilized at the clinic but never implanted in a woman‘s uterus. c. Medical ethicists continue to have challenging conversations about the value and worth of stem cell research and development especially with the use of embryonic stem cells.

Many countries have placed considerable restrictions on stem cell research and enacted guidelines that need to be used by researchers whenever federal funding is being used to conduct the research.

5. Model Response: Answers will vary, but should include some of the following points (see pages 471–472, section titled ―The Grand Challenges and Contributions of Social Work‖): a. The Grand Challenges identified by the American Academy of Social Work and Social Welfare (AASWSW) serve as priorities identified by leaders in the field to solve some of society‘s most compelling needs. They provide a focused, structured approach to highlighting key strategies and policy initiatives, connecting research with intervention strategies and solutions. The effort seeks to impact the future of the social work profession‘s work in helping to create a more just society for children, families, and marginalized individuals. b. Historically, social workers have done critical work to address the Grand Challenges.

AASWSW also identified the 23 Grand Accomplishments in Social Work, highlighting the impact of social workers on equity, justice, and quality of life. To address the Grand Challenges, social workers will need to work internationally, learning and supporting each other to bring the best solutions and research to have the greatest impact on the clients they serve.

18 Copyright © 2024, 2018, 2014 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.