TEST BANK for Marine Biology, 11th Edition By Peter Castro, Michael Huber.

Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 1 The Science of Marine Biology 1) The Challenger expedition made collections of marine organisms: A) Around the world.

B) In the Pacific Ocean only.

C) In the Atlantic Ocean only.

D) In the Mediterranean Sea only.

E) In the North Sea only.

Answer: A Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) The first marine laboratory in the world was established in: A) Russia.

B) England.

C) France.

D) Italy.

E) Japan.

Answer: D Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) The first marine laboratory established in the United States was: A) Friday Harbor Marine Laboratory in Washington.

B) Scripps Institution of Oceanography in California.

C) Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

D) Smithsonian Institution in Washington.

E) Hopkins Marine Station in California.

Answer: C Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember

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4) Charles Darwin, who proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection, was also a marine biologist who had a particular interest in: A) Whales.

B) Fishes.

C) Marine birds.

D) Barnacles.

E) Oysters.

Answer: D Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) A technological development that was a direct development of World War II is: A) Scuba.

B) Research vessels.

C) Nets.

D) Marine laboratories.

E) Sonar.

Answer: E Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) The scientific method can be best described as: A) Undertaking of experiments in laboratories.

B) Use of induction and deduction.

C) Collecting data in the field.

D) Procedures used to learn about our world.

E) Steps used to obtain observations.

Answer: D Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Observation: The Currency of Science Bloom's: 02. Understand

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7) The factors that might affect observations and can be manipulated are called: A) Controls.

B) Variables.

C) Experiments.

D) Hypotheses.

E) Inductive observations.

Answer: B Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) A control can be best defined as: A) A variable that is kept constant in an experiment.

B) An experiment where the final results are known ahead of time.

C) A hypothesis that regulates the results of an experiment.

D) An experiment that is undertaken both in the field and in the laboratory.

E) A variable that changes during the course of an experiment.

Answer: A Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) A marine biologist observes that mako sharks, sardines, and salmon leap out of the water. An example of induction from these observations is: A) Only some fishes can leap out of the water.

B) All fishes leap out of the water.

C) Fishes leap out of the water to escape from predators.

D) Flatfishes can leap out of the water since they live on the bottom.

E) Leaping out of the water is often used in feeding.

Answer: B Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Two Ways of Thinking Bloom's: 03. Apply

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10) From the general statement "All fishes lay eggs," which of the following results from deduction?

A) Since tuna are fish, tuna lay eggs.

B) Since tuna are fish, tuna swim.

C) Egg laying is beneficial to fishes.

D) Tuna must lay their eggs in deep water.

E) Since fishes are marine, tuna lay eggs.

Answer: A Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Two Ways of Thinking Bloom's: 03. Apply 11) Which of these is an example of a hypothesis that is not a valid scientific hypothesis because it cannot be proven false?

A) The Earth is flat.

B) The sun revolves around the Earth.

C) Organisms similar to deep-water marine worms live in the center of the earth.

D) The deepest spot on the ocean is off the coast of a volcanic island.

E) Whales listen to sound.

Answer: C Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 03. Apply 12) An experiment can be best described as: A) A set of observations that become a hypothesis.

B) Obtaining data from the field.

C) An artificially created situation to test a hypothesis.

D) Controlling a particular factor in the field.

E) Making observations from naturally occurring events.

Answer: C Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Two Ways of Thinking Bloom's: 01. Remember

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13) A limiting factor of science is that it cannot: A) Predict the future.

B) Make judgments about ethics, values, and morality.

C) Arrive at fundamental truths.

D) Provide information that can be applied to real life.

E) Provide exceptions for negative evidence.

Answer: B Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Limitations of the Scientific Method Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) One of the following is outside the realm of science: A) Observations made using extrasensory perception (ESP).

B) Data collected from an experiment.

C) Data collected from the field.

D) Anything that can be obtained by our senses.

E) Observations made by satellites.

Answer: A Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Limitations of the Scientific Method Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) Scientific knowledge is ultimately traced to: A) Hypotheses.

B) Inductions.

C) Deductions.

D) Theories.

E) Observations.

Answer: E Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Observation: The Currency of Science Bloom's: 02. Understand 16) When can a hypothesis be accepted as absolutely 100% true?

A) After one experiment or observation B) After ten experiments or observations C) After numerous experiments or observations over many years D) Never Answer: D Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 02. Understand 5 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

17) In experiments, scientists create artificial situations to test hypotheses because: A) They cannot make the necessary observations under natural conditions.

B) It is always easier to study organisms in the lab.

C) Hypotheses cannot be accepted unless they have been studied under these conditions.

D) The scientific method requires it.

Answer: A Section: 01.02 The Scientific Method Topic: Testing Ideas Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) How much of the Earth's oxygen is generated by marine organisms?

A) 25% B) 50% C) 75% D) 90% E) 95% Answer: B Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: Marine Biology Today Bloom's: 01. Remember 19) What is the estimated annual value of the ocean's living systems?

A) $2 million B) $2 billion C) $20 billion D) $2 trillion E) $20 trillion Answer: E Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: Marine Biology Today Bloom's: 01. Remember

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20) Which of the following statements about Charles Darwin is not true?

A) Darwin proposed the theory of evolution by natural selection.

B) Darwin was the first to use a chronometer timepiece.

C) Darwin served as a naturalist on the HMS Beagle.

D) Darwin explained the formation of atolls.

E) Darwin used nets to capture plankton.

Answer: B Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) Who is the first scientist credited with documenting that seafloor life varies with depth?

A) Charles Darwin B) James Cook C) Leif Eriksson D) Edward Forbes E) Charles Wyville Thompson Answer: D Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember 22) Jacques Cousteau is best known for helping to perfect which marine technology?

A) Sonar B) Remote sensing C) Scuba diving equipment D) Remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) E) Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) Answer: C Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember

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23) The excellent book about the seashore life of the Pacific coast titled Between Pacific Tides was written by John Steinbeck, Jack Calvin and: A) Jacques Cousteau.

B) Charles Darwin.

C) Edward Ricketts.

D) Louis Agassiz.

Answer: C Section: 01.01 The Science of Marine Biology Topic: The History of Marine Biology Bloom's: 01. Remember

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 2 The Sea Floor 1) How much of the Earth's surface is covered by the world's ocean?

A) 53% B) 65% C) 71% D) 78% E) 80% Answer: C Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) The largest percentage of the world's ocean is found in the: A) Northern hemisphere.

B) Southern hemisphere.

C) Eastern hemisphere.

D) Western hemisphere.

E) The ocean is evenly distributed.

Answer: B Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) One of the following is not one of the world's major ocean basins: A) Atlantic Ocean.

B) Arctic Ocean.

C) Indian Ocean.

D) Antarctic Ocean.

E) Pacific Ocean.

Answer: D Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) The world's smallest and shallowest ocean is the: A) Atlantic Ocean.

B) Arctic Ocean.

C) Indian Ocean.

D) Antarctic Ocean.

E) Pacific Ocean.

Answer: B Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) The world's largest and deepest ocean is the: A) Atlantic Ocean.

B) Arctic Ocean.

C) Indian Ocean.

D) Antarctic Ocean.

E) Pacific Ocean.

Answer: E Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) Oceanographers often use the name "Southern Ocean" to refer to the body of water: A) Around Antarctica.

B) In the South Pacific.

C) South of the North Sea. D) South of Florida.

E) Around the southern tip of India.

Answer: A Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Geography of the Ocean Basins Bloom's: 01. Remember 7) The Big Bang was: A) The origin of the Earth's magnetic field.

B) The beginning of plate tectonics and continental drift.

C) The origin of the oceans as water condensed on Earth.

D) The giant cosmic explosion that occurred 13.7 billion years ago and created the Universe.

Answer: D Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 02. Understand 2 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) Density is: A) The mass of a substance per unit volume.

B) A measure of weight.

C) The mass of a substance multiplied by its percentage volume of water.

D) A measure of volume.

E) The volume occupied by a particular substance in relation to that of water.

Answer: A Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) There is evidence that the Earth and the rest of the solar system formed about: A) 5 million years ago.

B) 1 billion years ago.

C) 4.5 billion years ago.

D) 10.5 billion years ago.

E) 10 million years ago.

Answer: C Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember 10) The semisolid layer of the Earth found below the crust and outside of the core is called the: A) Inner core.

B) Mantle.

C) Inner crust.

D) Outer core.

E) Oceanic crust.

Answer: B Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember

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11) The Earth's magnetic field is thought to be caused by movements of liquid metal in which of the Earth's layers?

A) Inner core B) Outer core C) Oceanic crust D) Mantle E) Continental crust Answer: B Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) The thinnest layer of the Earth is the: A) Inner core.

B) Outer core.

C) Crust.

D) Mantle.

Answer: C Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 01. Remember 13) Which of the following is not true of oceanic crust?

A) It is thinner than continental crust.

B) It is denser than continental crust.

C) It is geologically younger in most places than continental crust.

D) It lies below sea level.

E) It consists mostly of granite.

Answer: E Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 02. Understand

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14) Which of the following is not true of mid-ocean ridges?

A) Earthquakes and volcanoes are associated with them.

B) The sediment covering gets thinner as one moves away from them toward the continents.

C) The rock on the sea floor is older as one moves away from them.

D) The seafloor spreading is associated with them.

E) All are interconnected.

Answer: B Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) Which of the following is true about lithospheric plates?

A) Only contain continental crust B) Only contain oceanic crust C) Collide with one another at the mid-ocean ridge D) Float on the upper mantle E) Are directly connected with the inner core of the Earth Answer: D Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 02. Understand 16) Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A) Oceanic crust is made of a rock-type called basalt.

B) Oceanic crust is denser than continental crust.

C) Oceanic crust is thinner than continental crust.

D) Oceanic crust is older than continental crust.

E) There are significant chemical differences between oceanic and continental crust.

Answer: D Section: 02.01 The Water Planet Topic: The Structure of Planet Earth Bloom's: 02. Understand

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17) Trenches are formed in areas where: A) A plate is lifted by another B) A plate moves alongside another in a transform motion C) A plate splits and opens up D) Sea floor spreading takes place E) A plate sinks beneath another Answer: E Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) The process by which a lithospheric plate descends into the mantle is called: A) Continental drift B) Induction C) Sea floor spreading D) Subduction E) Faulting Answer: D Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember 19) The friction zone along the shear boundary such as the one in California between two lithospheric plates is called a: A) Fault B) Rift C) Trench D) Mid-ocean ridge E) Sea Answer: A Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember

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20) Which of these places is an example of an island arc along a trench?

A) Aleutian Islands B) Hawaiian Islands C) Australia D) Galápagos Islands E) Bermuda Answer: A Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) Which is not a type of lithospheric plate boundary?

A) Shear boundary B) Continental shelf C) Trench D) Mid-ocean ridge Answer: B Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember 22) The type of plate boundary where plates move past each other in a sort of lateral motion is called: A) Island arc B) Subduction zone C) Trench D) Convection zone E) Shear boundary Answer: E Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 01. Remember

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23) Evidence of plate tectonics is provided by: A) Magnetic anomalies/paleomagnetic evidence.

B) Seafloor spreading.

C) The existence of mid-ocean ridges.

D) Seafloor spreading and the existence of mid-ocean ridges.

E) All of the above Answer: E Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Plate Tectonics Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) The name of the vast single world ocean that was present about 200 million years ago is: A) Sinus Borealis B) Pangaea C) Tethys D) Panthalassa E) Gondwana Answer: D Page Ref: 31 Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Earth's Geological History Bloom's: 01. Remember 25) Lithogenous sediments are those that come from: A) Plants B) Living organisms in general C) Deep-water volcanoes D) Erosion of land E) Corals Answer: D Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Earth's Geological History Bloom's: 01. Remember

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26) The outer edge of the continental margin is the: A) Shelf break B) Continental slope C) Continental rise D) Edge of the abyssal plain E) Continental edge Answer: A Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) The steepest part of the continental margin where it descends down to the ocean floor is known as the: A) Shelf break B) Continental slope C) Continental rise D) Edge of the abyssal plain E) Continental edge Answer: B Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 01. Remember 28) The shallow part of the continental margin that is closer to land and is a critical marine habitat because light can reach all the way to the bottom in most of it is known as: A) Shelf break B) Continental slope C) Continental rise D) Edge of the abyssal plain E) Continental shelf Answer: E Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 02. Understand

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29) The west coast of South America is an active continental margin. As such, it is characterized by all of the following except: A) Earthquakes B) Volcanoes C) Wide continental shelf D) Steep and rocky shorelines E) Steep continental slope Answer: C Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) The east coast of the United States is a passive continental margin that is characterized by: A) Mountains along the coast B) Steep and rocky shorelines C) Narrow continental shelf D) Offshore trench E) Gentle continental slope Answer: E Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 02. Understand 31) Black smoker stacks or columns form as a result of the accumulation of: A) Deep-water animals B) Lava C) Biogenous sediments D) Metallic sulfides minerals reacting with seawater E) Material released from the formation of trenches Answer: D Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: The Mid-Ocean Ridge and Hydrothermal Vents Bloom's: 01. Remember

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32) Sea levels have naturally fluctuated through the vast epochs of geologic time. What is occurring now with regards to sea level?

A) Sea level is absolutely falling.

B) Sea level is absolutely rising.

C) Sea level always remains stable.

D) Scientists are not sure.

E) Sea level varies by location.

Answer: D Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Earth's Geological History Bloom's: 01. Remember 33) The most biologically rich part of the ocean is the: A) Shelf break B) Continental shelf C) Continental slope D) Continental rise E) Deep-sea floor Answer: B Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Continental Margins Bloom's: 01. Remember 34) Volcanic islands and submarine volcanoes are found through the deep-sea floor, which is known as the ________.

A) abyssal plane B) guyot region C) central rift valley D) Pangaea plane Answer: A Section: 02.03 The Geological Provinces of the Ocean Topic: Deep-Ocean Basins Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New

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35) Who proposed the first detailed hypothesis of continental drift (and first used the phrase), theorizing that all continents had once been joined together in a "supercontinent"?

A) Charles Darwin B) Alfred Wegener C) Francis Bacon D) James Hutton Answer: B Section: 02.02 The Origin and Structure of the Ocean Basins Topic: Early Evidence of Continental Drift Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 3 Chemical and Physical Features of the World Ocean 1) Hydrogen bonds in water molecules are formed between: A) Ions in solution between the molecules.

B) Nuclei of adjacent molecules.

C) Hydrogen and oxygen atoms of adjacent molecules.

D) Two hydrogen atoms of the same molecule.

E) Two oxygen atoms of the same molecule.

Answer: C Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) When water cools, but does not freeze, the molecules move ________ and take up ________ space.

A) faster; less B) slower; more C) faster; more D) slower; less E) up; less Answer: D Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) Which of the following are not elements?

A) Sodium chloride B) Nitrogen C) Hydrogen D) Oxygen E) Magnesium Answer: A Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) Which of the following is the state of water at a temperature of 4°C? A) Boiling point of water B) Maximum density of water C) Freezing point of water D) Sublimation point of water E) Condensation point of water Answer: B Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 04. Analyze 5) Hydrogen bonds: A) Lower the heat capacity of water.

B) Cause ice to melt at a lower temperature.

C) Make ice less dense than water.

D) Lower the boiling point of water.

E) Do not affect the heat capacity of water at all.

Answer: C Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) Which ions comprise about 85% of the solutes in seawater?

A) Magnesium and sulfate B) Sodium and chloride C) Calcium and carbonate D) Potassium and chloride E) Calcium and sulfate Answer: B Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 01. Remember

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7) The salinity of water is generally expressed in: A) Kilograms per liter of water.

B) Total weight per pound.

C) Percentage per liter.

D) Parts per thousand.

E) Percentage per thousand.

Answer: D Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) The rule of constant proportions expresses that: A) Salinity varies with geographical location.

B) The percentage of sodium varies with depth.

C) The percentage of chlorine varies with geographical location.

D) Salinity varies depending on the season.

E) The relative concentration of ions does not change.

Answer: E Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: Seawater Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) Salinity of seawater increases: A) With an increase in rain.

B) Near the mouth of rivers.

C) Around ice as it melts in spring.

D) With a decrease in depth.

E) As evaporation increases.

Answer: E Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: Seawater Bloom's: 02. Understand

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10) The heat capacity of water is ________ compared with other naturally occurring substances.

A) high B) low C) equal D) fluctuates by location E) None of the above Answer: A Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 01. Remember 11) Which of the following properties is unique to water due to its molecular structure?

A) It forms long-chain polymers.

B) It can dissolve nonpolar materials like hydrocarbons.

C) It vaporizes more quickly than any other liquid.

D) It is less dense as a solid than a liquid.

Answer: D Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 02. Understand 12) The Secchi disk is used to indirectly estimate: A) The type of light that is absorbed by water.

B) How much light penetrates through the water column.

C) How salinity varies with depth.

D) The relationship between temperature and salinity.

E) The amount of oxygen in the water.

Answer: B Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: Seawater Bloom's: 03. Apply

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13) Water is unusual because it is less dense as a solid than a liquid. This is important for marine organisms because: A) A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it.

B) If ice was more dense, the oceans would freeze from the bottom and remain frozen leaving no available space.

C) Cold water holds less oxygen than warm water.

D) A layer of ice insulates organisms beneath it and the oceans would freeze from the bottom if ice was more dense.

E) All of the above.

Answer: D Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: The Unique Nature of Pure Water Bloom's: 04. Analyze 14) Pressure increases with depth by adding one atmosphere of pressure for every: A) 10 meters of depth.

B) 50 meters of depth.

C) 100 meters of depth.

D) 500 meters of depth.

E) None of the choices are correct; pressure depends on the temperature of the water.

Answer: A Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: Seawater Bloom's: 01. Remember 15) The Coriolis effect is the direct result of one of the following: A) Temperature.

B) Gravitational pull of the sun.

C) Ocean currents.

D) Rotation of the earth.

E) Wind.

Answer: D Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Surface Circulation Bloom's: 02. Understand

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16) The factor that most affects wind patterns in the atmosphere of the Earth is: A) Depth of the sea.

B) Clouds.

C) Temperature.

D) Volcanoes.

E) Gravitational pull of sun and moon.

Answer: C Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Surface Circulation Bloom's: 02. Understand 17) Trade winds: A) Are unaffected by the Coriolis effect.

B) Diverge from the Equator at a 90 degrees angle.

C) Develop between 30 degrees north and 30 degrees south.

D) Move north in the Northern Hemisphere.

E) Change direction depending on ocean currents.

Answer: C Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Surface Circulation Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) Gyres are: A) Large circular systems of surface currents.

B) Affected by the Coriolis effect only in the Northern Hemisphere.

C) Extend only along the Equator.

D) Extend only around Antarctica.

E) Are found only in the Pacific Ocean.

Answer: A Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Surface Circulation Bloom's: 01. Remember

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19) The major surface currents of the oceans rotate counterclockwise: A) In the Northern Hemisphere only.

B) In the Southern Hemisphere only.

C) In both hemispheres.

D) In the Atlantic Ocean only.

E) In the Pacific Ocean only.

Answer: B Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Surface Circulation Bloom's: 01. Remember 20) In which of these locations does a cold current flow almost into the Equator?

A) Atlantic coast of North America B) Atlantic coast of South America C) Pacific coast of Australia D) Pacific coast of Asia E) Pacific coast of South America Answer: E Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Surface Circulation Bloom's: 01. Remember 21) The Ekman spiral occurs as a result of: A) Salinity.

B) Transparency.

C) Pressure.

D) Dissolved gases.

E) Wind.

Answer: E Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Surface Circulation Bloom's: 02. Understand

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22) The highest part or top of a wave is called the: A) Trough.

B) Period.

C) Fetch.

D) Wavelength.

E) Crest.

Answer: E Section: 03.03 Waves and Tides Topic: Waves Bloom's: 01. Remember 23) Wave size is affected by the amount of open water, or the ________, that winds blow over.: A) trough B) period C) fetch D) wavelength E) crest Answer: C Section: 03.03 Waves and Tides Topic: Waves Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) Spring tides are caused by: A) Gravitational attraction of the moon only.

B) Gravitational attraction of the sun only.

C) Gravitational attraction of the moon and the sun when they are in line during the full and new moon phases.

D) Gravitational attraction of moon and the sun when at right angles to each other.

E) Ocean currents and gyre circulation.

Answer: C Section: 03.03 Waves and Tides Topic: Tides Bloom's: 02. Understand

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25) A full tidal cycle lasts: A) 12 hours.

B) 12 hours, 50 minutes.

C) 24 hours.

D) 24 hours, 50 minutes.

E) 48 hours.

Answer: D Section: 03.03 Waves and Tides Topic: Tides Bloom's: 01. Remember 26) Mixed semidiurnal tides are characterized by: A) Two daily high tides, one higher than the other.

B) One daily high tide.

C) Two daily high tides, both of the same approximate height.

D) One daily high tide that is always higher than the high tide of the previous day.

E) Two daily high and three daily low tides.

Answer: A Section: 03.03 Waves and Tides Topic: Tides Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) The main thermocline is located at the zone: A) Right above the mixed layer.

B) Between the warm and cold layers.

C) Along the bottom.

D) Below the intermediate layer.

E) Right at the surface in warm tropical water.

Answer: B Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Thermohaline Circulation and the Great Ocean Conveyor Bloom's: 02. Understand

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28) How does the oxygen content of the ocean compare to the air that humans breathe?

A) Higher oxygen content B) Lower oxygen content C) No significant difference exists D) Depends of the salinity of the water E) Depends on the depth of the water Answer: B Section: 03.01 The Waters of the Ocean Topic: Seawater Bloom's: 01. Remember 29) Which of the following is true about tropical organisms like corals?

A) They survive at higher latitudes on the eastern sides of oceans due to upwelling.

B) They survive at higher latitudes of the western sides of oceans due to surface current patterns.

C) They survive at higher Arctic latitudes due to ocean current gyres.

D) There is no difference.

E) Tropical corals can be found in shallow water in all parts of the Earth's oceans.

Answer: B Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Surface Circulation Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) Forces that cause water movements lead to mixing of the entire ocean once every ________ years.

A) 100 B) 200 C) 500 D) 1,000 E) 5,000 Answer: D Section: 03.02 Ocean Circulation Topic: Thermohaline Circulation and the Great Ocean Conveyor Bloom's: 01. Remember

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 4 Fundamentals of Biology 1) All of the following are characteristics of living things except one.

A) They grow.

B) They all produce diseases.

C) They all reproduce.

D) They all metabolize.

E) They all react to the external environment in some way.

Answer: B Section: Introduction Topic: Characteristics of Life Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 2) Which of these is not an organic compound?

A) Water B) Sugars C) Proteins D) Lipids E) Nucleic acids Answer: A Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Building Blocks Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) The biochemical function of enzymes is to: A) Provide structure.

B) Store energy.

C) Hold genetic information.

D) Speed up chemical reactions.

E) Provide buoyancy.

Answer: D Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Building Blocks Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) One important function of carbohydrates is that they: A) Form enzymes.

B) Are structural molecules in membranes.

C) Repel water.

D) Store energy.

E) Hold genetic information.

Answer: D Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Building Blocks Bloom's: 02. Understand 5) Which of the following organic molecules stores energy, provides insulation, and assists in buoyancy?

A) Proteins B) Carbohydrates C) Lipids D) Nucleic acids E) Amino acids Answer: C Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Building Blocks Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) Which of the following classes of biochemicals is composed of amino acids?

A) Carbohydrates B) Lipids C) Proteins D) Nucleic acids Answer: C Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Building Blocks Bloom's: 01. Remember

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7) Which of these molecules stores and transmits genetic information?

A) Amino acids B) Carbohydrates C) Proteins D) Lipids E) Nucleic acids Answer: E Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Building Blocks Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) Which of the following nucleotides is found only in DNA? A) Adenine B) Thymine C) Guanine D) Cytosine E) Uracil Answer: B Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Building Blocks Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) Some prokaryotes and eukaryotic sperm cells have protein filaments that allow mobility; these filaments are called: A) Cilia.

B) Chloroplasts.

C) Golgi apparatus.

D) Flagellum.

Answer: D Section: 04.04 Perpetuating Life Topic: Modes of Reproduction Bloom's: 01. Remember

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10) One of the by-product results of photosynthesis is: A) Water is produced.

B) Energy is released into the surrounding environment.

C) Oxygen is released.

D) Carbon dioxide is released.

E) Energy is contained in the water molecules.

Answer: C Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Fuel of Life Bloom's: 01. Remember 11) During the process of cellular respiration: A) Solar energy trapped in photosynthesis is released.

B) Carbon dioxide and water form sugars.

C) Solar energy is transformed into chemical energy.

D) Oxygen and carbon dioxide are produced.

E) Sunlight is used to create energy.

Answer: A Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Fuel of Life Bloom's: 02. Understand 12) What is the role of ATP in organisms?

A) Serves as an energy storage molecule for direct use by the cell B) Serves as a structural molecule for cell walls and membranes C) Serves as a genetic storage molecule for storage of genetic mutations D) Serves as a genetic transfer molecule in subsequent generations E) Speeds up chemical reactions and reduces enthalpy Answer: A Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Fuel of Life Bloom's: 02. Understand

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13) Primary production results in which of these?

A) The oxygen utilized by animals is greater than the oxygen produced by plants.

B) Carbon dioxide is released into the water.

C) Oxygen is utilized by plants.

D) Organic matter is produced in excess of organic matter broken down by respiration, resulting in a net gain.

E) Proteins are manufactured by animals, increasing their biomass.

Answer: D Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Fuel of Life Bloom's: 02. Understand 14) The most important nutrients for plant growth in the ocean are: A) Sodium and chloride.

B) Nitrogen and oxygen.

C) Carbon dioxide and oxygen.

D) Oxygen and vitamins.

E) Nitrogen and phosphorus.

Answer: E Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Fuel of Life Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) Which of the following is not true of a cell?

A) It is the basic structural unit of life.

B) Mitochondria are found in both plant and animal cells.

C) The cell membrane allows all substances to pass in and out of the cell freely.

D) All organisms are made of one or more cells.

E) The membrane-bound structures in most cells are called organelles.

Answer: C Section: 04.02 Living Machinery Topic: Cells and Organelles Bloom's: 01. Remember

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16) All of the following are subcellular organelles except: A) Endoplasmic reticulum.

B) DNA. C) Nucleus.

D) Mitochondria.

E) Chloroplasts.

Answer: B Section: 04.02 Living Machinery Topic: Cells and Organelles Bloom's: 02. Understand 17) Cellular respiration occurs in the: A) Mitochondria.

B) Endoplasmic reticulum.

C) Golgi complex.

D) Nucleus.

E) Centrioles.

Answer: A Section: 04.02 Living Machinery Topic: Cells and Organelles Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) The end product of cellular respiration for direct use by the cell is: A) Oxygen.

B) Nitrogen.

C) ATP. D) Amino acids.

E) Glucose.

Answer: C Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Fuel of Life Bloom's: 01. Remember

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19) Prokaryotes: A) Are more organized and complex than eukaryotes.

B) Include the bacteria.

C) Have many organelles in their cells.

D) All carry out photosynthesis.

E) Have a nucleus in their cells.

Answer: B Section: 04.02 Living Machinery Topic: Levels of Organization Bloom's: 02. Understand 20) Which of the following shows the correct level of organization in order of increasing complexity?

A) Molecule, cell, organelle, individual, community B) Organelle, tissue, organ, community, population C) Ecosystem, individual, organ, cell D) Molecule, atom, cell, organ system, ecosystem E) Atom, molecule, organ, population, ecosystem Answer: E Section: 04.02 Living Machinery Topic: Levels of Organization Bloom's: 01. Remember 21) Which of the following is not true regarding photosynthesis?

A) Atmospheric oxygen is a result of this process.

B) Water is a raw material for this process.

C) ATP is made directly by this process.

D) Carbon dioxide is a raw material for this process.

E) Carbohydrates are made directly by this process.

Answer: C Section: 04.01 The Ingredients of Life Topic: The Fuel of Life Bloom's: 01. Remember

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22) The cell membrane is said to be "selectively permeable" because it: A) Allows only some substances to move through at the cell's discretion.

B) Allows all substances to enter the cell.

C) Allows all substances to leave the cell.

D) Allows only the smallest molecules to enter the cell.

E) Allows only water and salts to enter the cell.

Answer: A Section: 04.03 Challenges of Life in the Sea Topic: Salinity Bloom's: 02. Understand 23) A group of organisms living together on a rocky beach is an example of a(an): A) Population.

B) Community.

C) Individual.

D) Ecosystem.

E) Colony of individuals.

Answer: B Section: 04.02 Living Machinery Topic: Levels of Organization Bloom's: 03. Apply 24) The term ecosystem best encompasses which one of the following?

A) All living organisms living in one area without regards to the physical setting B) Populations in one area but not the physical environment C) The community or communities but not the physical environment D) The community or communities and the physical environment E) Populations and communities living in one area Answer: D Section: 04.02 Living Machinery Topic: Levels of Organization Bloom's: 01. Remember

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25) Marine organisms whose internal salt concentration varies with that of their environment are examples of: A) Osmoregulators.

B) Freshwater organisms.

C) Ion concentrators.

D) Osmoconformers.

E) Urea concentrators.

Answer: D Section: 04.03 Challenges of Life in the Sea Topic: Salinity Bloom's: 01. Remember 26) Typical marine fishes: A) Tend to gain water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is higher than that of seawater.

B) Tend to lose water by osmosis since their internal salt concentration is lower than that of seawater.

C) Do not drink seawater since they need to conserve as much water as possible.

D) Produce a large volume of urine since they need to conserve as much water as possible.

E) Drink seawater and as a result produce large amounts of urine.

Answer: B Section: 04.03 Challenges of Life in the Sea Topic: Salinity Bloom's: 02. Understand 27) The term "endotherms" is applied to those organisms: A) Commonly known as "warm blooded" B) Where the internal temperature varies with the environment C) That retain some of its metabolic heat D) Commonly known as "heat producers" E) Where the internal salt concentration as well as their temperature is kept constant Answer: C Section: 04.03 Challenges of Life in the Sea Topic: Temperature Bloom's: 01. Remember

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28) All of the following are examples of asexual reproduction except: A) Fission B) Fertilization C) Plants sending out "runners" D) Budding E) Cell division Answer: B Section: 04.04 Perpetuating Life Topic: Modes of Reproduction Bloom's: 01. Remember 29) Male gametes (sperm) and female gametes (eggs): A) Both contain a diploid (2n) number of chromosomes B) Are produced by mitosis only C) Fuse during fertilization to form a zygote D) Are typically the largest cells in an organism E) Are involved in producing identical clones of an organism with no genetic variation Answer: C Section: 04.04 Perpetuating Life Topic: Modes of Reproduction Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) Which of the following are not correctly paired?

A) Kingdom Plantae-mangroves B) Kingdom Fungi-mushrooms C) Kingdom Animalia-dolphins D) Prokaryotes-sponges E) Eukaryotes-Protozoa Answer: D Section: 04.05 The Diversity of Life in the Sea Topic: Classifying Living Things Bloom's: 03. Apply

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31) Which of the following statements regarding bacteria is not true?

A) Bacteria are prokaryotic.

B) Bacteria are eukaryotic.

C) Bacteria lack a nucleus.

D) Bacteria can be photosynthetic.

E) Bacteria have cell walls.

Answer: B Section: 04.05 The Diversity of Life in the Sea Topic: Classifying Living Things Bloom's: 02. Understand 32) Which of the following shows the correct order of taxonomic levels?

A) Kingdom, phylum, order, species, genus B) Kingdom, phylum, family, genus, species C) Kingdom, family, order, phylum, genus D) Kingdom, order, phylum, genus, species E) Order, family, phylum, genus, species Answer: B Section: 04.05 The Diversity of Life in the Sea Topic: Classifying Living Things Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 33) What aspect of an organism controls the in and out flow of heat and materials?

A) Its length B) Its area C) Its surface D) Its volume Answer: D Section: 04.03 Challenges of Life in the Sea Topic: Surface-to-Volume Ratio Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New

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Match the following words and definitions: A) Broadcast spawning B) Hermaphrodites 34) Million of eggs are released in the water where fertilization occurs.

Section: 04.04 Perpetuating Life Topic: Reproductive Strategies Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New 35) Individuals that have both male and female reproductive organs.

Section: 04.04 Perpetuating Life Topic: Reproductive Strategies Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New Answers: 34) A 35) B 36) The result of natural selection is that the population continually adapts to its environment.

Answer: TRUE Section: 04.05 The Diversity of Life in the Sea Topic: Natural Selection and Adaptation Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 5 The Microbial World 1) Which of the following statements about marine viruses is not true?

A) Are involved in the release of DOM (dissolved organic matter) into the water B) Bridge the gap between the nonliving and the living C) Their genetic material is in the form of DNA or RNA D) Cause diseases in many types of organisms E) Consist of minute cells sometimes attached into chains Answer: E Section: 05.01 Viruses Topic: Viruses Bloom's: 02. Understand 2) Bacteriophages are types of: A) Archaea B) Bacteria C) Protozoa D) Algae E) Viruses Answer: E Section: 05.01 Viruses Topic: Viruses Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) Prokaryotes differ from eukaryotes in regards to: A) Shape of DNA molecules B) Size of ribosomes C) Presence of nucleus D) Shape of DNA and size of ribosomes E) All of the above Answer: E Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Prokaryotes Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) Which of the following is not true of decay bacteria?

A) Break down waste products and dead organic matter B) Carry out photosynthesis C) Are heterotrophs D) Are particularly abundant in bottom sediments E) Ensure the recycling of essential nutrients Answer: B Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Bacteria Bloom's: 03. Apply 5) Bacteria that make their own organic compounds by obtaining energy from chemical compounds and not directly from light are known as: A) Heterotrophic B) Decay C) Photosynthetic D) Protists E) Chemosynthetic Answer: E Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Bacteria Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) Cyanobacteria are characterized by being: A) Decomposers B) Found only in the plankton C) Having a glass-like skeleton D) Protists E) Photosynthetic Answer: E Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Bacteria Bloom's: 01. Remember

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7) Which of the following would be classified as autotrophic?

A) Cyanobacteria B) Lysogenic viruses C) Bacteriophages D) Lysogenic viruses and bacteriophages E) All of the above Answer: A Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Bacteria Bloom's: 03. Apply 8) Endophytes are primary producers that live: A) On the surface of planktonic organisms B) Inside primary producers C) Inside animals D) On the surface of animals E) Within decay organisms Answer: B Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Bacteria Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) Archaea are classified as: A) Prokaryotic B) Autotrophs only C) Heterotrophs only D) Consisting of nucleic acids and a protein coat E) Eukaryotic Answer: A Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Archaea Bloom's: 01. Remember

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10) Archaea are now being detected in many environments by identifying one of the following chemicals characteristic of the group: A) Pigments B) Chlorophyll C) Nucleic acids D) Proteins E) Carbohydrates Answer: C Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Archaea Bloom's: 03. Apply 11) Organisms having a shell made of silica (SiO2): A) Foraminiferans B) Stromatolites C) Cyanobacteria D) Diatoms E) Ciliates Answer: D Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Diatoms Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) Diatoms are mostly: A) Heterotrophs B) Planktonic C) Multicellular D) Red in color E) Prokaryotic Answer: B Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Diatoms Bloom's: 02. Understand

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13) Which of the following are considered to be extremophiles due to the habitats they exist in?

A) Marine lichens B) Diatoms C) Archaea D) Radiolarians Answer: C Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Archaea Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) Which of the following can be dangerous to human health?

A) Diatoms B) Dinoflagellates C) Radiolarians D) Diatoms and dinoflagellates E) All of the above Answer: D Section: 05.04 Protozoans: The Animal-Like Protists Topic: Diatoms; Dinoflagellates Bloom's: 01. Remember 15) Some planktoic cyanobacteria have the ability to "fix" which of the following elements, thus having a fertilizing effect on the marine environment similar to the ability of land plants legumes?

A) Oxygen B) Helium C) Hydrogen D) Nitrogen Answer: D Section: 05.02 Prokaryotes Topic: Prokaryote Metabolism Bloom's: 01. Remember

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16) Red tides are caused mostly by: A) Diatoms B) Foraminiferans C) Dinoflagellates D) Red seaweeds E) Radiolarians Answer: C Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Diatoms Bloom's: 02. Understand 17) Dinoflagellates that live in association with reef-building corals and other animals are known as: A) Zooxanthellae B) Zooplankton C) Silicoflagellates D) Bioluminescent dinoflagellates E) Cryptomonads Answer: A Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Dinoflagellates Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) Generally the dominant group of planktonic primary producers in cold water: A) Foraminiferans B) Silicoflagellates C) Dinoflagellates D) Photosynthetic bacteria E) Diatoms Answer: E Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Diatoms Bloom's: 02. Understand

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19) Marine fungi: A) Are mostly photosynthetic B) Are parts of lichens that live on rocky shores C) Secrete calcareous skeletons D) Produce red tides E) None of the choices are correct: there are no marine fungi.

Answer: B Section: 05.05 Fungi Topic: Fungi Bloom's: 02. Understand 20) Which of the following does not apply to protozoans?

A) Multicellular B) Their name derives from "first animals" C) Some are heterotrophs D) Are included among the Protista E) Some are autotrophs Answer: A Section: 05.04 Protozoans: The Animal-Like Protists Topic: Ciliates; Foraminiferans; Radiolarians Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) Radiolarians are characterized by: A) Being mostly planktonic B) Having a calcareous skeleton C) Being autotrophs D) Having two flagella E) Causing red tides Answer: A Section: 05.04 Protozoans: The Animal-Like Protists Topic: Radiolarians Bloom's: 02. Understand

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22) Which of the following are not protozoans?

A) Radiolarians B) Foraminiferans C) Dinoflagellates D) Ciliates E) Unicellular, planktonic organisms whose sediments form huge limestone deposits on land Answer: C Section: 05.04 Protozoans: The Animal-Like Protists Topic: Ciliates; Foraminiferans; Radiolarians Bloom's: 03. Apply 23) Which of the following are not protists?

A) Dinoflagellates B) Cyanobacteria C) Diatoms D) Foraminiferans E) Ciliates Answer: B Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae; 05.04 Protozoans: The Animal-Like Protists Topic: Ciliates; Diatoms; Dinoflagellates; Foraminiferans Bloom's: 01. Remember 24) What is the purpose of the spines seen on the frustules of diatoms?

A) Floatation B) Hunting C) Photosynthesis D) Reproduction E) Restore normal size Answer: A Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Diatoms Bloom's: 03. Apply

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25) What is the function of an auxospore?

A) Floatation B) Hunting C) Photosynthesis D) Reproduction E) Restore normal size Answer: E Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Diatoms Bloom's: 02. Understand 26) An algal bloom is defined as: A) Mass reproduction of algal cells B) Mass death of algal cells C) Mass feeding on algal cells by zooplankton D) Mass vertical migrations of algal cells E) Mass horizontal migrations of algal cells Answer: A Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Diatoms Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) Bioluminescence is observed in: A) Diatoms B) Dinoflagellates C) Radiolarians D) Foraminiferans E) Lichens Answer: B Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Dinoflagellates Bloom's: 01. Remember

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28) Zooxanthellae, which live symbiotically with many species, are classified as: A) Diatoms B) Dinoflagellates C) Radiolarians D) Foraminiferans E) Lichens Answer: B Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Dinoflagellates Bloom's: 01. Remember 29) What feature do all protozoa share?

A) Reproductive strategies B) Habitats C) Feeding strategy D) Structure E) Being unicellular Answer: E Section: 05.04 Protozoans: The Animal-Like Protists Topic: Ciliates; Foraminiferans; Radiolarians Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) A survival advantage of ________ is the ability to withstand exposure to air for long periods of time during tidal cycles.

A) diatoms B) dinoflagellates C) radiolarians D) foraminiferans E) lichens Answer: E Section: 05.05 Fungi Topic: Fungi Bloom's: 02. Understand

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31) Which of the following is a group of unicellular algae that have two flagella but lack a skeleton?

A) Radiolarians B) Diatoms C) Archaea D) Cryptophytes Answer: D Section: 05.03 Unicellular Algae Topic: Other Unicellular Algae Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 6 Multicellular Primary Producers: Seaweeds and Plants 1) Algae are included among the Protista. Some biologists, however, place them instead in the: A) Kingdom Animalia B) Kingdom Fungi C) Kingdom Plantae D) Prokaryotes E) Seagrasses Answer: C Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: The Seaweeds Bloom's: 02. Understand 2) Algae and many bacteria are primary producers. In contrast to the types of the bacteria that are primary producers, however, all types of algae: A) Are photosynthetic B) Are chemosynthetic C) Are prokaryotic D) Have true leaves and roots E) Are unicellular Answer: A Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Photosynthetic Pigments; The Seaweeds Bloom's: 02. Understand 3) Macroalgae can be best differentiated from the phytoplankton because the macroalgae: A) Are eukaryotic B) Are photosynthetic C) Have true roots D) Are mostly multicellular E) Have true leaves Answer: D Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: General Structure; The Seaweeds Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) Macroalgae/seaweeds can be best differentiated from true plants because macroalgae/seaweeds: A) Are photosynthetic B) Are prokaryotic C) Have no true roots, leaves, or stems D) Have no chlorophyll E) Are mostly unicellular Answer: C Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: General Structure Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) The root-like, anchoring structure of many macroalgae/seaweeds is called the: A) Blade B) Pneumatocyst C) Thallus D) Holdfast E) Stipe Answer: D Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: General Structure Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) The thallus of a macroalgae/seaweed refers to its: A) Anchoring structure B) Gas-filled bladders C) Stem-like part of the body D) Complete body E) Leaf-like structures, or blades Answer: D Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: General Structure Bloom's: 01. Remember

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7) The stem-like structure of a macroalgae/seaweed such as kelp is called the: A) Blade B) Pneumatocyst C) Stipe D) Holdfast E) Thallus Answer: C Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: General Structure Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) Which one of these groups of algae is found mostly in fresh water and on land; thus, only a small number of this group are actually marine?

A) Green algae B) Brown algae C) Kelps D) Red algae E) Coralline red algae Answer: A Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Types of Seaweeds Bloom's: 02. Understand 9) The most complex and largest of all the macroalgae/seaweeds is included among one of these groups: A) Green algae B) Brown algae C) Coralline red algae D) Calcareous green algae E) Red algae Answer: B Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Types of Seaweeds Bloom's: 01. Remember

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10) The Sargasso Sea is found in the: A) Pacific Ocean B) Black Sea C) Indian Ocean D) Atlantic Ocean E) Arctic Ocean Answer: D Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Types of Seaweeds Bloom's: 01. Remember 11) Coralline red algae receive this name due to their ability to: A) Emit light B) Accumulate calcium carbonate C) Be responsible for red tides D) Live together with corals in coral reefs E) Be parasites of other algae Answer: B Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Types of Seaweeds Bloom's: 02. Understand 12) The group of macroalgae/seaweeds with the largest number of species is the: A) Green algae B) Brown algae C) Kelps D) Red algae E) Coralline algae Answer: D Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Types of Seaweeds Bloom's: 01. Remember

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13) Encrusting algae are commonly found living: A) In the plankton B) On rocks C) As parasites D) As endophytes E) On the water surface Answer: B Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Types of Seaweeds Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) Algin is a natural product extracted from seaweeds. It is used as: A) An emulsifier in processed foods B) A paper substitute C) An insecticide D) An explosive E) An antibiotic Answer: A Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Economic Importance Bloom's: 01. Remember 15) A gelatinous substance extracted from algae and used as a growth media in microbiology labs is: A) Algin B) Pollen C) Agar D) Carrageenan Answer: C Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Economic Importance Bloom's: 01. Remember

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16) Reproduction in seaweeds can be very complex. It generally includes: A) Only sexual reproduction B) Only asexual reproduction C) Both sexual and asexual reproduction D) Only mitosis E) Only meiosis Answer: C Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds Topic: Life History Bloom's: 02. Understand 17) Marine vascular flowering plants include all of the following except: A) Mangroves B) Kelps C) Seagrasses D) Cord grass E) Surf grass Answer: B Section: 06.02 Flowering Plants Topic: Mangroves; Salt-Marsh Plants; Seagrasses Bloom's: 02. Understand 18) Marine flowering plants can be best differentiated from macroalgae/seaweeds by the fact that the marine flowering plants: A) Have smaller flowers B) Must be covered by water at all times C) Must reproduce in the water D) Can only live along rivers near the coast E) Reproduce by producing seeds Answer: E Section: 06.01 Multicellular Algae: The Seaweeds; 06.02 Flowering Plants Topic: Life History; Flowering Plants Bloom's: 03. Apply

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19) Salt-tolerant plants such as salt-marsh plants are called: A) Mangroves B) Angiosperms C) Gametophytes D) Halophytes E) Sporophytes Answer: D Section: 06.02 Flowering Plants Topic: Salt-Marsh Plants Bloom's: 01. Remember 20) Mangroves live in coastal waters that: A) Are well protected from strong wave action B) Have high salinity at all times C) Are located in temperate regions with wide seasonal temperature fluctuations D) Have high amounts of nutrients E) Are rocky with no sedimentation Answer: A Section: 06.02 Flowering Plants Topic: Mangroves Bloom's: 01. Remember

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 7 Marine Animals Without a Backbone 1) Animals, all members of the kingdom Animalia, are characterized by all of the following except one: A) Eukaryotic B) Multicellular C) Autotrophic D) Some lack a backbone E) Some have tissues Answer: C Section: 07.00 Introduction Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) Which of the following type of cells and structures of sponges does not match the function?

A) Collar cells: calcareous structures for support B) Osculum: opening through which water leaves C) Pore cells: opening through which water enters D) Spongin: fibers for support E) Gametes: reproduction Answer: A Section: 07.01 Sponges Topic: Sponges Bloom's: 02. Understand 3) All sponges share only one of these features: A) They are all marine.

B) They reproduce by asexual reproduction only.

C) They have specialized circulatory organs.

D) They have pneumatocysts.

E) They are multicellular.

Answer: E Section: 07.01 Sponges Topic: Sponges Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) Sponges and all filter feeders use the following as a food source: A) Invertebrates only B) All particulate matter suspended in water C) Particulate matter that deposits on the bottom only D) Dead vertebrates E) Vegetable matter only in the water Answer: B Section: 07.01 Sponges Topic: Sponges Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 5) The larval stage of an animal is best defined as: A) Immature stage that is able to reproduce B) Early colony of cells of freshwater sponges C) Early stage of development of an organism, typically part of the plankton D) Sperm cell that lives free in the water E) Egg that has been fertilized by more than one sperm Answer: C Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Segmented Worms Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) All cnidarians share all of these features except one: A) Nematocysts B) Multicellular C) Radial symmetry D) Complete digestive tract with mouth and anus E) Marine and freshwater Answer: D Section: 07.02 Cnidarians: Radial Symmetry Topic: Biology of Cnidarians Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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7) An example of an anthozoan is: A) Portuguese Man-of-War B) Colonial hydroid C) Sea nettle jellyfish D) Sea wasp E) Reef coral Answer: E Section: 07.02 Cnidarians: Radial Symmetry Topic: Types of Cnidarians Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) Most cnidarians are specialized as: A) Filter feeders B) Parasites C) Carnivores D) Plant-feeders E) Feeders of organic matter on the bottom Answer: C Section: 07.02 Cnidarians: Radial Symmetry Topic: Biology of Cnidarians Bloom's: 02. Understand 9) Free-floating cnidarians like jellyfish are referred to as having a(an) ________ type form.

A) polyp B) benthic C) bilateral D) medusa E) asexual Answer: D Section: 07.02 Cnidarians: Radial Symmetry Topic: Types of Cnidarians Bloom's: 01. Remember

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10) Comb jellies are: A) Bilaterally symmetrical B) Similar to a cnidarian polyp C) Distinguished by eight bands of cilia D) Colonial animals E) Carnivores that use nematocysts to capture prey Answer: C Section: 07.03 Comb Jellies: Radial Symmetry Revisited Topic: Jelly Combs Bloom's: 01. Remember 11) In a bilaterally symmetrical animal, which of the following is not correctly paired?

A) Dorsal surface: upper surface B) Anterior surface: head C) Posterior surface: rear end D) Ventral surface: brain Answer: D Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms; 07.05 Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body; 07.06 Arthropods: The Armored Achievers; 07.07 Lophophorates; 07.08 Echinoderms: FiveWay Symmetry; 07.09 Hemichordates: A Missing Link Topic: Segmented Worms; Types of Echinoderms; Types of Molluscs Bloom's: 03. Apply 12) The development of bilateral symmetry in invertebrates has particularly influenced the evolution of a more complex: A) Digestive system B) Reproductive system C) Skeleton D) Mouth E) Nervous system Answer: E Section: 07.05 Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body Topic: Biology of Molluscs Bloom's: 02. Understand

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13) Comb jellies are classified as: A) Cnidarians B) Ctenophores C) Platyhelminthes D) Sipunculans Answer: B Section: 07.03 Comb Jellies: Radial Symmetry Revisited Topic: Jelly Combs Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) Flatworms are characterized by having: A) Radial symmetry B) A central nervous system C) Tentacles used for filter feeding D) Nematocysts E) A complete digestive tract Answer: B Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Flatworms Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) One group of parasites of fishes, seabirds, and other marine animals is: A) Flukes B) Turbellarians C) Comb jellies D) Ribbon worms E) Segmented worms Answer: A Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Flatworms Bloom's: 01. Remember 16) The most distinctive feature of ribbon worms is: A) Long proboscis B) Segmented body C) Absence of a digestive tract D) Long bands of cilia used in locomotion E) Radial symmetry Answer: A Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Ribbon Worms Bloom's: 01. Remember 5 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

17) Which of the following is not correctly paired?

A) Phylum Ctenophora: comb jellies B) Phylum Nematoda: round worms C) Phylum Nemertea: ribbon worms D) Phylum Platyhelminthes: beard worms E) Phylum Porifera: sponges Answer: D Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Arrow Worms; Flatworms; Ribbon Worms; Segmented Worms Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 18) A polychaete worm is: A) A platyhelminthes B) A nematode C) A cnidarian D) An annelid E) A fluke Answer: D Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Segmented Worms Bloom's: 01. Remember 19) Deposit-feeding animals feed on: A) Blood and living tissues B) Particulate matter in the water C) Plankton from the water that passively enters the digestive system D) Live prey E) Organic matter that settles on the bottom Answer: E Section: 07.00 Introduction Bloom's: 02. Understand

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20) Polychaete worms show: A) A body covered with a mantle B) Segmentation C) Radial symmetry D) Incomplete digestive tract E) U-shaped gut Answer: B Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Segmented Worms Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) Beard worms are unique because they lack: A) Symmetry B) A skin C) A digestive tract D) Cells or tissues E) A reproductive system Answer: C Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Segmented Worms Bloom's: 01. Remember 22) Arrow worms feed on: A) Organic matter that deposits on the bottom B) Plant matter C) Nutrients dissolved in the water D) Live prey E) Organic matter filtered from the water Answer: D Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Arrow Worms Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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23) A nudibranch is a type of: A) Platyhelminthes B) Nematode C) Annelid D) Cnidarian E) Mollusc Answer: E Section: 07.05 Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body Topic: Types of Molluscs Bloom's: 01. Remember 24) All molluscs: A) Have a soft body often covered by a shell made of silica B) Have a soft body covered by a mantle C) Have an externally segmented body D) Lack a larval stage E) Lack a circulatory system Answer: B Section: 07.05 Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body Topic: Biology of Molluscs Bloom's: 02. Understand 25) Which of the following are not correctly paired?

A) Class Gastropoda: mussels B) Class Bivalvia: oysters C) Class Polyplacophora: chitons D) Class Cephalopoda: octopus Answer: A Section: 07.05 Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body Topic: Types of Molluscs Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 26) The radula and crystalline style of molluscs are part of their: A) Reproductive system B) Defensive mechanisms C) Excretory system D) Nervous system E) Digestive system Answer: E Section: 07.05 Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body Topic: Biology of Molluscs Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 8 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

27) Which of the following is not an arthropod?

A) Cephalopods B) Copepod C) Krill D) Barnacle E) Blue crab Answer: A Section: 07.06 Arthropods: The Armored Achievers Topic: Crustaceans; Other Marine Arthropods Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 28) One distinctive feature of arthropods: A) Lack of a digestive system B) Jointed legs C) Gills in a mantle cavity D) Proboscis used to capture prey E) Lack of a brain Answer: B Section: 07.06 Arthropods: The Armored Achievers Topic: Biology of Crustaceans Bloom's: 01. Remember 29) One of the following is not a crustacean: A) Horseshoe crab B) Copepods C) Barnacles D) Shrimps E) Beach hoppers Answer: A Section: 07.06 Arthropods: The Armored Achievers Topic: Biology of Crustaceans; Other Marine Arthropods Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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30) One distinctive feature of all echinoderms: A) Jointed legs B) Gill slits C) Exoskeleton D) Water vascular system E) Bilateral symmetry Answer: D Section: 07.08 Echinoderms: Five-Way Symmetry Topic: Biology of Echinoderms Bloom's: 02. Understand 31) Which of the following are not correctly paired?

A) Class Asteroidea: sea stars B) Class Holothuroidea: sea cucumbers C) Class Ophiuroidea: brittle stars D) Class Echinoidea: feather stars Answer: D Section: 07.08 Echinoderms: Five-Way Symmetry Topic: Types of Echinoderms Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 32) The term for changing exoskeletons by crustaceans is: A) Undulate B) Molt C) Byssal secretion D) Asexual mitosis Answer: B Section: 07.06 Arthropods: The Armored Achievers Topic: Biology of Crustaceans Bloom's: 01. Remember 33) Which of the following organisms has a siphon?

A) Cnidarians B) Ctenophores C) Nudibranchs D) Cephalopods Answer: D Section: 07.02 Cnidarians: Radial Symmetry; 07.05 Molluscs: The Successful Soft Body; 07.10 Chordates Without a Backbone Topic: Biology of Cnidarians; Biology of Molluscs; Tunicates Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 10 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

34) A zoea would be a larval form of which of these organisms?

A) Mussel B) Octopus C) Barnacle D) Crab Answer: D Section: 07.06 Arthropods: The Armored Achievers Topic: Biology of Crustaceans Bloom's: 01. Remember 35) Which of these organisms is most highly evolved?

A) A tunicate B) A lancelet C) A sea urchin D) A crinoid Answer: B Section: 07.09 Hemichordates: A Missing Link Topic: Lancelets; Tunicates Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 36) Bryozoan colonies consist of zooids that secrete skeletons of a variety of shapes.

Answer: TRUE Section: 07.07 Lophophorates Topic: Bryozoans Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New 37) As many as 30,000 species of lamp shells are known only as fossils.

Answer: TRUE Section: 07.07 Lophophorates Topic: Lamp Shells Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New

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38) Which of these organisms are lophophorates? Select all that apply.

A) Barnacles B) Lamp shells C) Phoronids D) Horseshoe crabs Answer: B, C Section: 07.07 Lophophorates Topic: Bryozoans; Lamp Shells; Phoronids Bloom's: 05. Evaluate Activity Type: New 39) Nematodes are often mutualists.

Answer: FALSE Explanation: On the contrary, nematodes are often parasites.

Section: 07.04 Bilaterally Symmetrical Worms Topic: Nematodes Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 8 Marine Fishes 1) One of the following is not a characteristic of all chordates: A) Complete digestive system B) Backbone C) Notochord D) Dorsal nerve cord E) Bilateral symmetry Answer: B Section: 08.01 Vertebrates: An Introduction Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) The group of vertebrates containing the largest number of species is: A) Mammals B) Amphibians C) Birds D) Fishes E) Reptiles Answer: D Section: 08.01 Vertebrates: An Introduction Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) Which of these is an example of a jawless fish?

A) Ray B) Shark C) Hagfish D) Whale shark E) Skate Answer: C Section: 08.02 Types of Fishes Topic: Jawless Fishes Bloom's: 01. Remember

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4) The whale shark feeds on: A) Plankton B) Large fishes C) Small fishes D) Organic matter from the bottom E) Bottom-dwelling fishes and clams Answer: A Section: 08.02 Types of Fishes Topic: Cartilaginous Fishes; Feeding Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) The caudal fin of sharks is located: A) At the tail end B) On the dorsal surface close to the tail C) On the ventral surface close to the tail D) On the ventral surface close to the mouth E) On the dorsal surface close to the mouth Answer: A Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Cartilaginous Fishes; Locomotion Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) Because of the greater flexibility of their pectoral fins, many bony fish can swim ________ while sharks cannot.

A) forward B) vertically C) laterally D) backwards Answer: D Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Locomotion Bloom's: 02. Understand

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7) Demersal fishes: A) Live on the surface of the water B) Feed on plankton C) Are parasites D) Are parts of the plankton E) Live on the bottom Answer: E Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Cartilaginous Fishes Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) Rays and skates typically feed on: A) Plankton B) Seaweeds C) Large fishes D) Organic matter that accumulates on the bottom E) Small animals that live on the bottom Answer: E Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Cartilaginous Fishes; Feeding Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) Which of the following structures do bony fish have that sharks and rays do not?

A) Dorsal fin B) Pectoral fin C) Gill slits D) An operculum E) Notochord Answer: D Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Bony Fishes; Cartilaginous Fishes Bloom's: 02. Understand

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10) One particular feature found in bony fishes but is absent in cartilaginous fishes: A) Scales B) Gills C) Swim bladder D) Pectoral fin E) Skeleton Answer: C Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Bony Fishes; Cartilaginous Fishes Bloom's: 02. Understand 11) When a particular color pattern allows animals like fishes to blend with their surroundings, it is referred to as: A) Cryptic coloration B) Warning coloration C) Defensive color D) Countershading E) Structural color Answer: A Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Coloration Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) The bright color of many fishes is the result of: A) Countershading B) Chromatophores C) Disruptive coloration D) Warning coloration E) Algae that grow on the scales Answer: B Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Coloration Bloom's: 01. Remember

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13) In many sharks, extra buoyancy is provided by the: A) Dorsal fin B) Swim bladder C) Liver D) Mouth E) Gills Answer: C Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Locomotion Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) The gill rakers are involved in which of the following?

A) Protecting gills B) Filtering food in filter-feeding fishes C) Extracting extra oxygen from the water D) Providing extra buoyancy E) Defense Answer: B Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Feeding Bloom's: 01. Remember 15) Many fish and marine mammals have a protein called myoglobin that helps them store extra oxygen in their: A) Blood B) Livers C) Muscles D) Digestive systems Answer: C Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Regulation of the Internal Environment Bloom's: 01. Remember

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16) Basking sharks feed on: A) Plankton B) Small fishes C) Large fishes such as sharks D) Marine mammals such as seals E) Dead animals Answer: A Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Feeding Bloom's: 01. Remember 17) Fishes with a small mouth located at the end of a long, thin "bill" are more likely to feed on: A) Large seaweeds such as kelp B) Larger fishes C) Plankton that is filtered from the water D) Very small animals E) Other fish of the same species Answer: D Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Feeding Bloom's: 02. Understand 18) Chemical digestion in fishes usually begins in the: A) Mouth B) Esophagus C) Stomach D) Liver E) Intestine Answer: C Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Digestion Bloom's: 01. Remember

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19) In fishes, as in all vertebrates, the function of the liver is to: A) Absorb nutrients B) Produce saliva C) Aid in the digestion of plant material D) Secrete hormones E) Produce bile, which is used in the digestion of fats Answer: E Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Digestion Bloom's: 01. Remember 20) The heart of all fishes has how many chambers?

A) One B) Two C) Three D) Four Answer: B Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Circulatory System Bloom's: 01. Remember 21) Spiracles are involved in: A) Filter feeding B) Removing additional oxygen from the water C) Increasing the surface area of the shark's intestine D) Carrying additional blood to the heart E) Allowing fishes like rays to take in water even when their mouths are buried in sediment Answer: E Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Respiratory System Bloom's: 01. Remember 22) The function of arteries in fishes, as in all vertebrates, is to: A) Carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body B) Circulate blood around the gills C) Bring blood from the body to the heart D) Collect deoxygenated blood from gills E) Carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the brain Answer: A Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Circulatory System Bloom's: 02. Understand 7 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

23) Oxygen is carried in the blood of fishes by what protein?

A) Hemoglobin B) Urea C) Salts D) Myoglobin E) Chloride ions Answer: A Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Regulation of the Internal Environment Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) The countercurrent system of flow is involved in: A) Increasing blood flow into gills B) Decreasing the time it takes for blood to flow through gills C) Increasing the amount of oxygen that diffuses into the blood D) Increasing the efficiency of the movement of gills E) Increasing heart rate Answer: C Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Circulatory System Bloom's: 02. Understand 25) The purpose of the lateral line in fishes: A) Producing sound waves B) Seeing particular colors C) Detecting vibrations D) Carrying blood along skin E) Ingestion of food in rays Answer: C Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Nervous System and Sensory Organs Bloom's: 01. Remember

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26) The nictitating membrane of sharks: A) Produces sound B) Detects chemicals in water C) Detects vibrations in water D) Is involved in digestion E) Moves across the eye Answer: E Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Nervous System and Sensory Organs Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) Anadromous fishes migrate: A) Up and down the water column B) From freshwater to reproduce at sea C) From polar regions to the tropics D) From the sea to reproduce in freshwater E) Along the Equator to reproduce along the coast Answer: D Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Behavior Bloom's: 02. Understand 28) An example of a catadromous fish: A) Whale shark B) Atlantic eel C) Parrotfish D) Pacific salmon E) Atlantic salmon Answer: B Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Behavior Bloom's: 02. Understand

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29) One of the following is a synonym of spawning by releasing gametes into the environment: A) Copulation B) Internal fertilization C) External fertilization D) Mating E) Courtship Answer: C Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Reproduction and Life History Bloom's: 01. Remember 30) The claspers are structures involved in: A) Copulation B) Osmoregulation C) Courtship behavior D) Detection of vibrations in water E) Intake of oxygen by gills Answer: A Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Reproduction and Life History Bloom's: 01. Remember 31) Ovoviviparous fishes: A) Release eggs, which are then fertilized in the water B) Have embryos that take nutrients from the mother's reproductive tract C) Release already fertilized but undeveloped eggs D) Release sperm in packets E) Retain fertilized eggs for development Answer: E Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Reproduction and Life History Bloom's: 02. Understand

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32) Most marine fishes are: A) Livebearers B) Ovoviviparous C) Viviparous D) Oviparous E) Catadromous Answer: D Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Reproduction and Life History Bloom's: 01. Remember 33) Open-water fish have light-colored bellies and dark-colored backs in order to blend into the pelagic environment. This is known as: A) Disruptive coloration B) Countershading C) Structural coloration D) Iridescence Answer: B Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Coloration Bloom's: 01. Remember 34) A group behavior that is much more common in bony fish than cartilaginous fish is: A) Territoriality B) Homing C) Schooling D) Migration Answer: C Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Behavior Bloom's: 01. Remember 35) Broadcast spawning in fish refers to: A) Internal fertilization B) External fertilization C) Courtship behavior D) The use of claspers Answer: B Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Reproduction and Life History Bloom's: 02. Understand 11 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

36) Fast swimmers are elongated on the vertical plane, whereas the body of slow swimmers is streamlined.

Answer: FALSE Section: 08.03 Biology of Fishes Topic: Body Shape Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 9 Marine Reptiles, Birds, and Mammals 1) Marine amphibians: A) Do not exist at all B) Are gill breathers C) Are fish-like D) Include only tropical species E) Are oviparous Answer: A Section: 09.01 Marine Reptiles Topic: Biology of Marine Reptiles Bloom's: 02. Understand 2) All tetrapods are: A) Endotherms B) Inhabitants of land C) Air breathers D) Livebearers E) Vertebrates except groups such as sea squirts Answer: C Section: 09.00 Introduction Topic: Chapter Introduction Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) Which of the following is not seen in marine reptiles?

A) Migrations B) Internal fertilization C) External fertilization D) Arribadas E) Multiple paternity Answer: C Section: 09.01 Marine Reptiles Topic: Biology of Marine Reptiles Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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4) One of these is not a characteristic of sea turtles: A) Oviparous B) Leave the water to reproduce C) Have a shell that is free from the backbone D) Are tetrapods E) Are "cold-blooded" Answer: C Section: 09.01 Marine Reptiles Topic: Sea Turtles Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 5) Sea snakes feed mostly on: A) Large fishes B) Seaweeds and other marine autotrophs C) Polyps of live coral D) Worms and other small, bottom invertebrates E) Small fishes Answer: E Section: 09.01 Marine Reptiles Topic: Biology of Marine Reptiles; Sea Snakes Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) Penguins: A) Live on polar regions of the Northern and Southern hemispheres B) Can be found as far north as the Equator C) Are ectotherms D) Time their reproduction so that eggs hatch during the winter E) Are able to fly when disturbed Answer: B Section: 09.02 Seabirds Topic: Biology of Seabirds; Penguins Bloom's: 01. Remember

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7) Seals, sea lions, and the walrus are classified as belonging to the order: A) Carnivora B) Sirenia C) Pinnipedia D) Cetacea E) Protochordata Answer: C Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Seals, Sea Lions, and the Walrus Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) Sea lions can be readily distinguished from the seals because in contrast to seals they have: A) A short neck B) Posterior flippers for swimming C) Anterior flippers cannot be rotated backward D) Posterior flippers cannot be rotated backward E) External ears Answer: E Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Seals, Sea Lions, and the Walrus Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) The walrus feeds mostly on: A) Clams B) Squid C) Salmon and other fish D) Kelp and other large seaweeds E) Dead animals Answer: A Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Seals, Sea Lions, and the Walrus Bloom's: 01. Remember

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10) We can tell that cetaceans are mammals because they: A) Have hair and produce milk B) Are cold-blooded C) Are ovoviviparous D) Must reproduce in the water E) Migrate Answer: A Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 11) Which of these is a toothed whale?

A) Sperm B) Right C) Gray D) Fin E) Blue Answer: A Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) Porpoises can be distinguished from dolphins by comparing their: A) Flippers B) Fluke C) Reproduction D) Teeth E) Blowhole Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember

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13) Blubber is found in all of these marine mammals except: A) Killer whale B) Seals C) Sea otter D) Sea lions E) Manatee (sea cow) Answer: C Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) Which of these is not a function of blubber?

A) Insulation B) Circulation C) Buoyancy D) Food reserve E) Protection Answer: B Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) The gray whale feeds mostly on: A) Small plankton B) Small fishes C) Squid D) Largest plankton E) Bottom crustaceans Answer: E Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember

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16) Baleen plates are: A) Rigid and have small hairs on one side only B) Soft and have hairs all around their surface C) Rigid and have hairs all around their surface D) Rigid without any hairs E) Soft without any hairs Answer: A Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember 17) Baleen whales lack: A) Flukes B) Teeth C) Dorsal fin D) A blowhole E) Ear opening Answer: B Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) An example of a whale known as a rorqual: A) Killer B) Gray C) Common porpoise D) Blue E) Sperm Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember

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19) Ambergris, used in the manufacture of perfumes, comes from what part of whales?

A) Sperm oil B) Baleen C) Skin D) Melon E) Undigested food Answer: E Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember 20) Dolphins and other whales are adapted for deep diving by: A) Closing their ear openings B) Emitting sound to clear their ears C) Taking as much air as possible D) Increasing blood circulation to the skin E) Collapsing their lungs Answer: E Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) One of the following is not an adaptation for deep diving in cetaceans: A) Having more red blood cells to store more oxygen B) Having more hemoglobin to store more oxygen C) Slowing down of heart rate D) Lower tolerance to lactic acid E) Having a lot of myoglobin in muscles to store more oxygen Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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22) In apneustic breathing, which is practiced by most marine mammals: A) A small amount of air is kept in the lungs before diving B) A large amount of air is kept in the mouth before diving C) Normal breathing is maintained before diving D) Several deep breaths are taken before exhaling and diving E) No actual breathing takes place before diving Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals Bloom's: 02. Understand 23) Echolocation is a sense that relies on: A) Vibrations B) Sound C) Smell D) Vision E) Electromagnetic waves Answer: B Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) Echolocation is present in: A) All baleen whales B) Some baleen whales C) All toothed whales D) Some toothed whales E) Only dolphins and porpoises Answer: C Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals Bloom's: 01. Remember

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25) The spermaceti organ in the head of sperm whales is thought to regulate buoyancy and: A) Storage of food B) Production of sound C) Assist in oxygen storage D) Collect undigested food E) Focus and direct sound waves Answer: E Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 02. Understand 26) Breaching refers to whales: A) Jumping above the surface B) Getting stranded on shore C) Singing D) Emitting sound for navigation E) Diving deep to feed Answer: A Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) The humpback and other baleen whales migrate every year to: A) Feed in Antarctica during the winter B) Reproduce in Antarctica during the summer C) Reproduce in the tropics during the winter D) Feed in the tropics during the winter E) Feed in the tropics during the summer Answer: C Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember

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28) In order to reduce drag, the penis of cetaceans is: A) Small B) Located just before the tail C) Located just before the head D) Internal until just before copulation E) Absent Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember 29) Delayed implantation of the embryo allows pinnipeds to: A) Nurse a pup while pregnant B) Time birth with arrival to breeding area C) Delay courtship for a year D) Establish harems E) Ovulate after copulation Answer: B Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Seals, Sea Lions, and the Walrus Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) The longest migrations of any mammal is seen in the: A) Bottlenose dolphin B) Sperm whale C) Blue whale D) Gray whale E) Humpback whale Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember

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31) One of the following alternatives does not apply to the typical cetacean calf: A) Born tail first B) Establishes a long and strong bond with its mother C) Feeds on very rich milk that is squirted directly into its mouth D) Is born with developed blubber E) Must swim to the surface immediately after birth Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 32) Temperature-dependent sex determination is seen in: A) Sea turtles B) Dolphins C) Sea lions D) Sea otter E) Penguins Answer: A Section: 09.01 Marine Reptiles Topic: Biology of Marine Reptiles Bloom's: 01. Remember 33) Which of the following is not true regarding Emperor penguins?

A) Pairs mate for life.

B) The females lay a single egg during winter.

C) They live in the Arctic.

D) The male tends egg during development.

E) Their eggs develop in about 64 days.

Answer: C Section: 09.02 Seabirds Topic: Penguins Bloom's: 02. Understand

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34) The distinctive tusks of the walrus are used for: A) Defense B) To hold onto ice C) To dig up food D) Defense and to hold onto ice E) All of the above Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Seals, Sea Lions, and the Walrus Bloom's: 02. Understand 35) The smallest marine mammal is a: A) Seal B) Fur seal C) Sea lion D) Sea otter E) Dugong Answer: D Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Manatees and Dugong; Seals, Sea Lions, and the Walrus Bloom's: 01. Remember 36) Convergent evolution means that: A) Organisms possess similar structures because they have a similar lifestyle B) Organisms possess similar structures because they descended from a common ancestor C) Closely related organisms have evolved and do not resemble one another anymore D) Closely related organisms have different structures for the same purpose E) None of the above Answer: A Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 02. Understand

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37) An example of convergent evolution is: A) Dolphins and whales B) Manatees and dugongs C) Dolphins and fish D) Seals and fur seals E) Dolphins and sea otters Answer: C Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember 38) Which of the following whale species has a long external tusk?

A) Sperm whale B) Narwhal C) Beluga whale D) Bowhead whale Answer: B Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Biology of Marine Mammals; Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises Bloom's: 01. Remember 39) Gulls are scavengers and are very successful near humans.

Answer: TRUE Section: 09.02 Seabirds Topic: Gulls and Related Seabirds Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New 40) Check all organisms that are marine reptiles.

A) Marine gecko B) French crocodile C) Marine iguana D) Sea snake Answer: C, D Section: 09.01 Marine Reptiles Topic: Other Marine Reptiles Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New

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41) Pelicans have always been very common along the coasts of the United States.

Answer: FALSE Explanation: The use of the pesticide DDT decimated them.

Section: 09.02 Seabirds Topic: Pelicans and Related Seabirds Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New 42) Sea and marine otters belong to the order Carnivora.

Answer: TRUE Section: 09.03 Marine Mammals Topic: Sea Otter, Marine Otter, and Polar Bear Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New 43) Do all shorebirds have webbed feet?

A) Yes B) No Answer: B Section: 09.02 Seabirds Topic: Shorebirds Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New 44) The tubenoses comprise a large group of seabirds: A) Which can breathe in the water B) With a distinctive tube-like beak C) Which never migrate D) With tube-like nostrils Answer: D Section: 09.02 Seabirds Topic: Tubenoses Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 10 An Introduction to Marine Ecology 1) All of the following are examples of abiotic factors except: A) Salinity B) Predation C) Substrate D) Temperature E) Light Answer: B Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: How Populations Grow Bloom's: 02. Understand 2) An example of a community is: A) One giant kelp individual B) A kelp forest plus all of the physical factors affecting it C) All physical factors affecting a kelp forest D) A kelp forest plus all the organisms living in it E) Several giant kelp individuals living in one particular area Answer: D Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand 3) Exponential growth in a population may be slowed as a result of: A) Reduction in light B) Reduction of nutrients C) Increase of predators D) Reduction in light and nutrients E) Reduction in light and increase of predators Answer: E Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: How Populations Grow Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) The type of interaction that results when a resource is in short supply and one organism uses the resource at the expense of the other is called: A) Population explosion B) Predation C) Resource partitioning D) Self-regulation E) Competition Answer: E Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) Competitive exclusion can be best defined as: A) When one species overcompetes and eliminates another B) The creation of a separate ecological niche by a new species C) The division of resources D) When one species shares limiting resources with another E) When competition results in the elimination of particular limiting resources Answer: A Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) The ecological niche of a species refers to: A) Its habitat and range B) Position of the organism in the food web C) Role in the community and all associated biotic and abiotic factors D) Mode of reproduction and food habits E) Behavior in relation to other species in the community Answer: C Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 01. Remember

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7) Predation can be best defined as: A) A plant taking in nutrients B) An animal eating scavenged decayed material C) An animal eating a plant D) An animal eating any other organism E) A plant carrying out photosynthesis Answer: D Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 02. Understand 8) One of these is an example of coevolution: A) A seaweed evolving better ways to capture sunlight energy B) A seaweed evolving a mechanism allowing it to take in a particular nutrient C) A limpet adapting to live along coasts exposed to heavier wave action D) A limpet evolving a behavior that allows it to escape from a sea star predator E) A sea star adapting to move higher up along rocky shores during low tides Answer: D Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 9) Zooxanthellae live within the tissues of corals, and both organisms benefit from the association. This is known as: A) Mutualism B) Predation C) Commensalism D) Parasitism E) Cleaning symbiosis Answer: A Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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10) Cleaning symbiosis is an example of symbiosis because the partners involved in the association: A) Are not harmed B) Are both harmed if we closely study their association C) Have both coevolved into a close association D) Are affected differently; one is harmed while the other is not E) Are affected differently; one species benefits while the other is unaffected Answer: C Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 03. Apply 11) The following is a synonym of autotrophs: A) Consumer B) Primary producer C) Heterotroph D) Animal E) Predator Answer: B Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) The difference between food webs and food chains is that food webs: A) Consist of only one trophic level B) Include primary producers as well as consumers C) Do not take into account predators D) Only outline feeding relationships among consumers E) Are more complex Answer: E Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 02. Understand

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13) The level in a food web above the primary producers would be the: A) Top predators B) Secondary consumers C) Carnivores D) Primary consumers E) Parasites Answer: D Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 03. Apply 14) Which of the following could be a tertiary consumer?

A) A seaweed B) A grazer C) A carnivore D) An autotroph E) A herbivore Answer: C Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 03. Apply 15) On the average, what percentage of energy in a particular trophic level is passed on to the next trophic level?

A) 1% B) 2% C) 5% D) 10% E) 15% Answer: D Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 01. Remember

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16) The pyramid of biomass shows the: A) Transfer of energy between each trophic level B) Energy in each trophic level C) Weight of organisms in each trophic level D) Productivity of different types of producers in a food web E) Number of individuals in each trophic level Answer: C Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 02. Understand 17) The detritus in the water includes: A) Dead organic matter B) Waste products dissolved in water C) All of the plankton D) Smallest plankton-feeding fishes E) Smallest algae Answer: A Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 02. Understand 18) A fundamental role of decomposers is: A) Releasing nutrients to be used by autotrophs B) Causing diseases C) Providing food for carnivores D) Releasing oxygen E) Providing energy for autotrophs Answer: A Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 02. Understand

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19) Net primary productivity is best defined as: A) The total amount of biomass created by producers B) The total amount of biomass created by producers after energy loss to metabolism is factored C) The total biomass of producers in the water in a given habitat D) The total biomass of producers in the ocean E) None of the above Answer: D Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Cycles of Essential Nutrients Bloom's: 01. Remember 20) In the dark-light bottle experiment, which of the following is measured in the dark bottle?

A) Photosynthesis B) Respiration C) Decomposition D) Photosynthesis plus respiration E) Chlorophyll concentration Answer: B Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Cycles of Essential Nutrients Bloom's: 01. Remember 21) The amount of chlorophyll in the water is a direct estimate of: A) Primary production B) Respiration C) Standing stock of phytoplankton D) Oxygen utilization E) Release of nutrients Answer: C Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Cycles of Essential Nutrients Bloom's: 02. Understand

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22) In the carbon cycle, seaweeds and plants play a fundamental role by: A) Increasing the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide as a result of decomposition B) Decreasing the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide as a result of respiration C) Increasing the amount of dissolved carbon dioxide as a result of photosynthesis D) Decreasing the amount of detritus E) Decreasing the amount of carbon dioxide as a result of photosynthesis Answer: E Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Cycles of Essential Nutrients Bloom's: 03. Apply 23) Nitrogen fixation is performed at sea by: A) Seaweeds B) Cyanobacteria C) Phytoplankton D) Zooplankton E) All of the above choices are correct Answer: B Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Cycles of Essential Nutrients Bloom's: 01. Remember 24) Sessile organisms are part of the: A) Benthos B) Nekton C) Plankton D) Pelagic type of organisms E) Zooplankton only Answer: A Section: 10.02 Major Marine Lifestyles and Environments Bloom's: 01. Remember 25) The subtidal zone is the area: A) Between low and high tide B) Beyond the continental shelf C) Between the intertidal zone and the edge of the continental shelf D) Where pelagic organisms live E) Above the highest tide Answer: C Section: 10.02 Major Marine Lifestyles and Environments Bloom's: 01. Remember 8 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

26) Competitive exclusion may be affected by: A) Abundance of a resource B) Disturbances to the habitat C) Temperature changes D) Disturbances to the habitat and temperature changes E) All of the above Answer: E Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 02. Understand 27) Self-regulation of population numbers acts only when the population is: A) Large B) Small C) Stable D) Threatened E) Declining Answer: A Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: How Populations Grow Bloom's: 02. Understand 28) Which of the following is an example of intraspecific competition?

A) Two species of barnacles competing for space on a rocky shoreline B) Two species of dolphins feeding on the same population of fish C) Two individuals in a population of clownfish attempting to use the same anemone as habitat D) Two species of fish attempting to use the same rocky ledge as habitat E) Two species of seals fighting over space on a beach to rear their young Answer: C Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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29) A population's carrying capacity is: A) Affected by the growth rate of the population B) The number of individuals a habitat can support with available resources C) A constant that has been predetermined for all habitats D) The number of individuals in a habitat E) Determined by comparing birth rate and death rate in a population Answer: B Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: How Populations Grow Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) In competitive exclusion, which of the following is true?

A) Two species cannot coexist in a habitat B) One species is a better competitor for resources C) Leads to intraspecific competition D) Results from intraspecific completion E) Leads to population growth for both competitors Answer: B Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 31) A disadvantage of resource partitioning is: A) Size of competing populations increase exponentially and consume all resources B) Size of competing populations may decrease C) Resources become more plentiful D) Competing populations coexist without affecting each other E) No disadvantages exist Answer: B Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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32) In a salt marsh, a fish eats decaying material from around the base of Spartina grass plants. A snail scrapes algae from the stalks of the Spartina grass. These species can coexist in the same area because they have: A) The same niches, but different habitat B) The same habitat and the same niches C) The same habitat, but different niches D) Different habitats and different niches E) None of the above Answer: C Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 03. Apply 33) The term trophic refers to: A) Competition B) Feeding C) Symbiosis D) Reproduction E) Habitat Answer: B Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Trophic Structure Bloom's: 02. Understand 34) A chiton increases the abundance of its prey, a coralline algae, by feeding on a competitive algae that stimulates the growth of coralline algae. This is an example of: A) Directional selection B) Stabilizing selection C) Competitive exclusion D) Trophic cascade E) Indirect interaction Answer: E Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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35) An algae begins to produce chemical defenses after it has been grazed upon by a herbivore.

This is an example of: A) Inducible defense B) Dependent defense C) Reactive defense D) Deliberate defense E) Designed defense Answer: A Section: 10.01 The Organization of Communities Topic: Ways That Species Interact Bloom's: 02. Understand 36) Organisms that are classified as benthic would most likely be found in the: A) Neritic zone B) Pelagic zone C) Oceanic zone D) Abyssal zone E) Epipelagic zone Answer: D Section: 10.02 Major Marine Lifestyles and Environments Bloom's: 01. Remember 37) Besides fixation by photosynthesis, a large amount of carbon dioxide may be deposited in the oceans in the chemical form of: A) Nucleic acids B) Calcium carbonate C) Lipids D) Carbonic acid Answer: B Section: 10.03 The Flow of Energy and Materials Topic: Cycles of Essential Nutrients Bloom's: 02. Understand

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38) The loss of marine habitats will make the world more vulnerable to global change because: (Select all that apply.)

A) Everybody needs water B) These habitats store carbon C) These habitats leak nutrients D) These habitats provide essential breeding and nursery areas Answer: B, D Section: Special Report Our Changing Planet Topic: Disappearing Habitats Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New 39) Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere results in increasing amount of CO2 dissolving into the ocean, which leads to acidic ocean water.

Answer: FALSE Explanation: The pH is decreasing but the ocean only becomes slightly less alkaline.

Section: Special Report Our Changing Planet Topic: Ocean Acidification: The Other CO2 Problem Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New 40) About 70% of the reactive nitrogen in the environment comes from human activities.

Answer: TRUE Section: Special Report Our Changing Planet Topic: Overwhelming the Nitrogen Cycle Bloom's: 01. Remember Activity Type: New 41) In the stratosphere ozone is harmful, but in the lower atmosphere a natural layer of ozone protects us from ultraviolet radiation.

Answer: FALSE Explanation: In the lower atmosphere ozone is harmful. In the stratosphere ozone creates a shield against the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation.

Section: Special Report Our Changing Planet Topic: The No-Zone Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New

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42) Overfishing of pollock may have had complex trophic cascade effects such as: (Select all that apply.)

A) An increase in their top predators (seals and sea lions) B) A switch in killer whale top food source, from seal/sea lions to sea otters C) A reduction in sea urchin (sea otter food) populations D) A decrease in kelp forests (sea urchin resource) Answer: B, D Explanation: Because of a decrease in seal/sea lion populations, killer whales start eating sea otters, which results in an increase in sea urchins (sea otter food), which in turn results in a decrease in kelp forests (sea urchins feed on kelp).

Because of a decrease in seal/sea lion populations, killer whales start eating sea otters, which results in an increase in sea urchins (sea otter food), which in turn results in a decrease in kelp forests (sea urchins feed on kelp).

Section: Special Report Our Changing Planet Topic: Stripping the Sea Bare Bloom's: 04. Analyze Activity Type: New 43) The only way to avoid the worst impacts of global climate change is to take strong action now!

Answer: TRUE Section: Special Report Our Changing Planet Topic: So What Do We Do? Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New Please match the word to the correct definition.

A) long-term average conditions over decades or longer.

B) short-term conditions over days, months, or maybe a year or two.

44) weather Section: Special Report Our Changing Planet Topic: Rolling the Dice: Climate Change Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New 45) climate Section: Special Report Our Changing Planet Topic: Rolling the Dice: Climate Change Bloom's: 02. Understand Activity Type: New Answers: 44) B 45) A 14 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 11 Between the Tides 1) The lower limit of the intertidal zone is the: A) Average high tide B) Average middle tide C) Lowest low tide D) Lowest edge of the rocky substrate E) None of the above choices are correct: it varies according to type of substrate Answer: C Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) The particular characteristic most widely used in classifying intertidal communities is: A) Type of tides B) Relative exposure to air C) Type of substrate D) Type of seaweeds E) Relative immersion by water Answer: C Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) Regarding the origin of rocky coasts, it is known that this type of shore is present along: A) Geologically young coasts B) Coasts with high accumulation of sediments C) Coasts along the mouth of large rivers D) Geologically old coasts being covered by sediments E) Coasts being affected by ice sheets Answer: A Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) The sessile epifauna consists of: A) Attached seaweeds B) Pelagic organisms C) Burrowing animals D) Animals that crawl over the substrate E) Attached animals Answer: E Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) Which of the following strategies is not used to avoid desiccation in the intertidal?

A) Closing shells B) Crowding by organisms in areas that are always moist C) Burrowing into substrate D) Mucus E) Moving out of tide pools Answer: E Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Exposure at Low Tide Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) A rocky shoreline would be most likely to be found in: A) California B) Massachusetts C) Hawaii D) California and Massachusetts E) All of the above Answer: E Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand

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7) Most sessile animals living on rocky shores are: A) Deposit feeders B) Carnivores C) Detritus feeders D) Filter feeders E) Grazers Answer: D Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Exposure at Low Tide Bloom's: 03. Apply 8) One of these organisms is expected to be relatively rare on a rocky shore: A) Filter feeder B) Carnivore C) Primary producer D) Grazer E) Deposit feeder Answer: E Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Exposure at Low Tide Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) If a rocky shore highly exposed to wave action is compared to a similar rocky shore that is a lot less exposed to wave action, we should expect that barnacles living on the more exposed shore would show a: A) Wider vertical distribution B) Narrower tolerance to salinity C) Narrower tolerance to temperature D) Narrower vertical distribution E) Higher resistance to predators Answer: A Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: The Power of the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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10) Besides fluctuations in salinity and water levels, intertidal organisms must also withstand wide variations in: A) Temperatures B) Light levels C) Sediment deposition D) Current velocities E) None of the above Answer: A Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Exposure at Low Tide Bloom's: 03. Apply 11) Byssal threads are used by mussels to cope with: A) Desiccation B) Wave shock C) Restricted feeding D) Salinity changes E) Temperature changes Answer: B Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: The Power of the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) One of these is more important than the others as a limiting resource in intertidal communities: A) Space B) Food C) Nutrients D) Light E) Salinity Answer: A Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: The Battle for Space Bloom's: 01. Remember

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13) Vertical zonation on rocky shores is mostly the result of differences in tolerance to: A) Wave action B) Exposure C) Predation D) Light E) Salinity Answer: B Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Vertical Zonation of Rocky Shores Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) The upper limit of rocky intertidal communities is typically determined by: A) Mostly biological factors B) Mostly physical factors C) Both biological and physical factors D) Neither physical or biological factors Answer: B Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Vertical Zonation of Rocky Shores Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) One organism typical of the upper intertidal on rocky shores is: A) Bottom fish B) Barnacles C) Sponges D) Sea anemones E) Periwinkles Answer: E Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Vertical Zonation of Rocky Shores Bloom's: 01. Remember 16) The middle intertidal is characterized by: A) Constant wetting by splash and spray B) Long exposure to air C) Steady immersion D) Exposure and immersion on a regular basis E) Splashing during high tide and complete exposure at low tide Answer: D Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Vertical Zonation of Rocky Shores Bloom's: 02. Understand 5 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

17) Intertidal organisms from exposed areas sometimes have thicker shells than their counterparts from less exposed areas. This is thought to be an adaptation to: A) Desiccation B) Restricted feeding C) Wave shock D) Salinity changes E) Temperature changes Answer: C Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: The Power of the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) Predation by sea stars on rocky shores ultimately results in: A) Fewer species B) Less wave action C) Decrease in the number of seaweeds D) Increase in the number of mussels E) More species Answer: E Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: The Battle for Space Bloom's: 02. Understand 19) Ecological succession ultimately results in: A) A climax community B) An upper-limit stage C) Competitive exclusion D) Keystone predation E) Vertical zonation Answer: A Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: The Battle for Space Bloom's: 03. Apply

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20) Many types of rockweeds/macroalgae have pneumatocycts that assist them in gaining: A) Dissolved ions B) Nutrients C) Water content D) Less grazing predation E) Light availability Answer: E Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Vertical Zonation of Rocky Shores Bloom's: 03. Apply 21) One of these organisms is typically a very rare component of soft-bottom intertidal communities: A) Burrowing organisms B) Detritus feeders C) Seaweeds D) Infauna E) Deposit feeders Answer: C Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: Living in the Sediment Bloom's: 01. Remember 22) Due to wave action, most animals living on sandy beaches are included among the: A) Infauna B) Deposit feeders C) Epifauna D) Producers E) Grazers Answer: A Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: The Shifting Sediments Bloom's: 02. Understand

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23) Fine sediments are characteristic of: A) Shores exposed to wave action B) Rocky shores C) Areas with wide temperature fluctuations D) Calm, less exposed shores E) Areas that experience considerable water flow Answer: D Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: The Shifting Sediments Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) In terms of oxygen, the interstitial water in muddy bottoms: A) Has plenty of it since temperature is much higher than in the water column B) Accumulates it as a result of photosynthesis by inhabitants of the sediment C) Recirculates very frequently so it is high D) Is deficient in it E) Is deficient in it, but only during the day Answer: D Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: Living in the Sediment Bloom's: 02. Understand 25) The main source of food in muddy-bottom intertidal communities is: A) Seaweeds B) Detritus C) Plankton D) Large prey E) Epifauna Answer: B Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: Living in the Sediment Bloom's: 01. Remember

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26) Which of the following would not be considered epifauna?

A) Organisms living on the surface on another organism B) Organisms living on the surface of sand C) Organisms living in sand D) Organisms living on mud E) Organisms living on the rocky shore Answer: C Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: The Shifting Sediments Bloom's: 02. Understand 27) On Atlantic shores, the dog whelk (Nucella lapillus) has two color forms, white-shelled and brown-shelled. Survival of one form over the other form in a region appears to be related to: A) Temperature B) Salinity C) Substrate type D) Prey availability E) Predators Answer: A Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Exposure at Low Tide Bloom's: 03. Apply 28) Attachment of one organism to another in the intertidal is most likely a result of limited: A) Food B) Space C) Light D) Nutrients E) Mates Answer: B Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: The Battle for Space Bloom's: 03. Apply

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29) What organism would be most likely to be found in the upper intertidal zone of a rocky shoreline?

A) Mussels B) Sea weed C) Encrusting algae D) Barnacles E) Irish moss Answer: C Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Vertical Zonation of Rocky Shores Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) Which of these organisms usually dominates in the middle intertidal zone of a rocky shoreline?

A) Limpets B) Seaweed C) Encrusting algae D) Barnacles E) Irish moss Answer: D Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Vertical Zonation of Rocky Shores Bloom's: 01. Remember 31) The number of species in a given community can be increased by: A) Disturbance B) Predation C) Competitive exclusion D) Disturbance and predation E) All of the above Answer: D Section: 11.01 Rocky Shore Intertidal Communities Topic: Vertical Zonation of Rocky Shores Bloom's: 03. Apply

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32) In soft-bottomed intertidal communities, locations with strong waves and currents are most likely to have which type of bottom?

A) Gravel B) Sand C) Silt D) Clay E) Mud Answer: A Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: The Shifting Sediments Bloom's: 02. Understand 33) In a soft-bottomed intertidal community, oxygen would be most plentiful for meiofauna in which type of bottom?

A) Gravel B) Sand C) Silt D) Clay E) Mud Answer: A Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: Living in the Sediment Bloom's: 02. Understand 34) Meiofauna live: A) On rocky shores B) On sandy bottoms C) Between grains of sediment D) In burrows E) In the water column Answer: C Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: Living in the Sediment Bloom's: 01. Remember

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35) Which of these organisms inhabits the area at or above the high tide line on a sandy beach?

A) Sea cucumber B) Blue crab C) Ghost crab D) Moon snail Answer: C Section: 11.02 Soft-Bottom Intertidal Communities Topic: Living in the Sediment Bloom's: 01. Remember

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 12 Estuaries: Where Rivers Meet the Sea 1) Coastal plain estuaries were formed when: A) Sand bars formed along the coast as the result of an accumulation of sediment B) The ocean invaded lowlands and river mouths C) Retreating glaciers cut a valley along the coast D) Sea level fell during glaciation E) Land subsided along the coast Answer: B Section: 12.01 Origins and Types of Estuaries Bloom's: 02. Understand 2) Good examples of bar-built estuaries are found here: A) Coast of Norway B) Pacific coast of the United States C) Atlantic coast of the United States D) Chesapeake Bay E) St. Lawrence River Answer: C Section: 12.01 Origins and Types of Estuaries Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) Fjords are formed as a result of the: A) Subsidence of land B) Lowering of sea level C) Formation of sand bars and barrier islands D) Cutting of the coast by a river E) Raising of sea level and glaciation Answer: E Section: 12.01 Origins and Types of Estuaries Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) In an estuary, salinity of the water increases as: A) One moves inland B) Depth decreases C) Evaporation decreases D) Freshwater flow from a river increases E) Depth increases Answer: E Section: 12.02 Physical Characteristics of Estuaries Topic: Salinity Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) The salt wedge in the water column of an estuary: A) Moves inland as tide moves in B) Is found in shallower water as one moves inland C) Decreases the average salinity of the estuary D) Decreases the distribution of marine organisms along the bottom of the estuary E) Spreads further into the estuary as the flow of freshwater increases Answer: A Section: 12.02 Physical Characteristics of Estuaries Topic: Salinity Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) Well-formed estuaries are least likely to be formed by: A) Sea level rise B) Retreating glaciers C) Active continental margins D) Passive continental margins E) Accumulation of sediments Answer: C Section: 12.01 Origins and Types of Estuaries Bloom's: 02. Understand 7) The most common type of substrate in estuaries is: A) Mud B) Rock C) Coarse sand D) Fine sand E) None of the above choices are correct: it depends on the salinity.

Answer: A Section: 12.02 Physical Characteristics of Estuaries Topic: Substrate Bloom's: 01. Remember 2 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) The amount of hydrogen sulfide in the sediment increases as the following factors increase except one: A) Oxygen B) Decrease in the space between sediment particles C) Decrease in the size of sediment particles D) Amount of decomposing bacteria E) Amount of detritus Answer: A Section: 12.02 Physical Characteristics of Estuaries Topic: Other Physical Factors Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) Euryhaline species: A) Are less common in estuaries than stenohaline species B) Need less oxygen to survive C) Tolerate only a narrow range of salinities D) Can survive changes in salinity E) Only tolerate small temperature changes Answer: D Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Living in an Estuary Bloom's: 02. Understand 10) Osmoconformers survive changes in salinity by: A) Maintaining the salinity of their body fluids constantly B) Moving up and down the water column in order to spend most of the day in the salt wedge C) Pumping water in as salinity decreases D) Allowing the salinity of their body fluids to vary with that of the surrounding water E) Increasing the amounts of salts in their body fluids no matter what the salinity of the surrounding water is Answer: D Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Living in an Estuary Bloom's: 02. Understand

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11) The greatest importance of estuaries to the entire world oceanic ecosystem is as: A) Reservoirs for nutrients B) Breeding grounds for many marine species C) Sources of fresh water for dilution of salinity D) Buffers against storm surges for man-made structures E) Discharge areas for human waste products Answer: B Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Bloom's: 02. Understand 12) The most important difference between muddy intertidal shores and the mudflats of estuaries is the: A) Type of substrate B) Variation in salinity C) Amount of light D) Exposure to wave action E) Size of the sediment particles Answer: B Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 13) Most of the primary production on mudflats is due to: A) Diatoms B) Green algae C) Brown algae D) Red algae E) Sulfur bacteria Answer: A Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember

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14) Large organisms of the mudflats are more likely to be: A) Infauna B) Endofauna C) Epifauna D) Meiofauna E) Midfauna Answer: A Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 15) Succulents are plants that: A) Excrete salts by way of salt glands B) Lose water and salts C) Accumulate water in their tissues D) Take in salts to compensate for the loss of water E) Do not have any roots to minimize water loss Answer: C Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Living in an Estuary Bloom's: 01. Remember 16) The infauna of mudflats feeds mostly on: A) Epifauna B) Sulfur bacteria C) Filter feeders D) Plankton E) Detritus Answer: E Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember

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17) Blood rich in hemoglobin is an adaptation to: A) Fluctuating salinities B) Wide variations in temperature C) Soft sediments D) Feeding in detritus E) Low oxygen concentrations Answer: E Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Living in an Estuary Bloom's: 02. Understand 18) Zonation in an estuary is made evident by: A) Large number of worms in the mud B) Presence of different species along different horizontal levels in relation to tides C) Tide pools along the mudflats D) Absence of life in black sediments E) High concentration of plants in salt marshes Answer: B Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand 19) The zonation of plants in salt marshes is determined mostly by: A) Temperature fluctuations B) Geographical location C) Height of the tide D) Amount of oxygen in sediments E) Detritus in the water Answer: C Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand

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20) The food web in salt-marsh communities is characterized by high primary production. Most of this production is made available to other communities in the form of: A) Plant tissue eaten by grazers B) Plankton eaten by filter feeders C) Detritus D) Plants eaten by herbivores E) Plants eaten by zooplankton Answer: C Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Feeding Interactions Among Estuarine Organisms Bloom's: 01. Remember 21) The worldwide distribution of mangrove forests is mostly determined by: A) Salinity B) Type of sediment C) Temperature D) Wave action E) Height of tide Answer: C Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand 22) Mangroves belong to one of the following groups: A) Green algae B) Brown algae C) Seagrasses D) Flowering plants E) Kelps Answer: D Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember

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23) The loss of estuaries and mangrove forests is particularly serious since these ecosystems: A) Provide nesting or resting areas to many seabirds B) Are among the most productive of all marine ecosystems C) Provide habitats to many species D) Directly or indirectly provide food to many species E) All of the choices are true Answer: E Section: 12.04 Human Impact on Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 24) The area of salt marsh just above the mean low tide is most likely to be dominated by: A) Cordgrass B) Salt marsh hay C) Pickleweed D) Rushes E) Salt grass Answer: A Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 25) The most extensive mangrove forests can be found in the: A) Caribbean B) Mediterranean C) Atlantic D) Indo-West Pacific E) Eastern Pacific Answer: D Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 26) A sub-environment native to the estuaries of the Atlantic coast of North America: A) Kelp beds B) Mussel aggregations C) Oyster reefs D) Coral heads E) Tectonic rifts Answer: C Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 8 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

27) Pneumatophores are used for: A) Excretion of excess salts B) Horizontal growth C) Aeration of plant tissues D) Reproduction E) Downward growth Answer: C Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand 28) In many tropical areas, extensive areas of mangrove forests have been cleared or destroyed in order to raise: A) Mussels B) Oysters C) Salmon D) Tuna E) Shrimp Answer: E Section: 12.04 Human Impact on Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 29) Outwelling in estuaries is most important since it: A) Maintains high primary production B) Provides living space to many species C) Releases much oxygen D) Provides food and nutrients to other communities E) Allows plants to survive despite wide fluctuations in salinity Answer: D Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Feeding Interactions Among Estuarine Organisms Bloom's: 01. Remember

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30) Which of these resources is most likely to be in short supply in the open water of an estuary?

A) Nutrients B) Substrate C) Oxygen D) Space E) Prey Answer: B Section: 12.03 Estuaries as Ecosystems Topic: Types of Estuarine Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 13 Life on the Continental Shelf 1) The part of the continental shelf that is never exposed at low tide is called the: A) Littoral zone B) Subtidal zone C) Intertidal zone D) Pelagic zone E) Abyssal zone Answer: B Section: 13.01 Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Topic: Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) The concentration of nutrients in the waters over the continental shelf is typically: A) Higher than in the open ocean B) Lower than in the open ocean C) About the same D) No generalizations can be made: the amount of nutrients depends on the type of substrate E) No generalizations can be made: the amount of nutrients depends on having or not having kelp Answer: A Section: 13.01 Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Topic: Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Bloom's: 02. Understand 3) One of the following statements best describes the temperature and salinity of the deep water over the continental shelf: A) It is typically very different from that of the surface as a result of light affecting only the surface.

B) It is usually about the same along the entire water column as a result of the type of sediment.

C) It is usually about the same along the entire water column as a result of currents and wave action.

D) It is typically very different from that of the surface as a result of differences in nutrients.

E) It is typically very different from that of the surface as a result of the higher density of surface water.

Answer: C Section: 13.01 Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Topic: Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) The difference in the tint of the waters above the continental shelf (greenish) and the deep blue of the open ocean is due to: A) The refraction of light near the coastline B) The turbulence of shallow-water wave action C) The presence of large numbers of carnivorous fishes D) The shallow depth of the continental shelf out to the shelf break E) The high level of photosynthetic productivity Answer: E Section: 13.01 Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Topic: Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Bloom's: 03. Apply 5) Most of the sediment over the continental shelf consists of: A) Siliceous ooze B) Calcareous ooze C) Lithogenous D) Biogenous E) A mixture of siliceous and calcareous ooze Answer: C Section: 13.01 Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Topic: Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) What type of animals are typically absent in soft-bottom subtidal communities?

A) Epifauna B) Benthic C) Infauna D) Sessile E) Deposit feeders Answer: D Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Soft-bottom Subtidal Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember

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7) The distribution of the infauna of soft-bottom subtidal communities is often closely related to: A) Temperature B) Particle size of sediment C) Salinity D) Distribution of seaweeds E) Light Answer: B Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Soft-bottom Subtidal Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) The pattern of spatial distribution most often seen in soft-bottom subtidal communities: A) Regular B) Irregular C) Random D) Clumped E) Patchy Answer: E Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Soft-bottom Subtidal Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) The plankton and nekton that inhabit the water column over the continental shelf are said to live in what zone?

A) Neritic zone B) Shelf break C) Benthic zone D) Abyssal zone E) Hadal zone Answer: A Section: 13.01 Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Topic: Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Bloom's: 01. Remember

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10) Settlement and metamorphosis in the planktonic larvae of many subtidal animals is determined or influenced by: A) Biological factors such as presence of adults B) Physical factors such as the type of bottom C) Both biological and physical factors D) None of the above choices are correct: larvae settle by chance Answer: C Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Soft-bottom Subtidal Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand 11) The most important food source in unvegetated soft-bottom subtidal communities is: A) Plankton B) Drift seaweeds C) Nekton D) Benthic prey E) Detritus Answer: E Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Unvegetated Soft-Bottom Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) Which of the following factors is most likely to have an effect on the global distribution of organisms on the continental shelf?

A) Stratification of water B) Oxygen C) Nutrients D) Temperature E) Turbulence Answer: D Section: 13.01 Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Topic: Physical Characteristics of the Subtidal Environment Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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13) The higher the water turbulence such as wave action, the higher the relative number of: A) Planktonic species B) Deposit feeders C) Nektonic species D) Filter feeders E) Primary producers Answer: D Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Unvegetated Soft-Bottom Communities Bloom's: 04. Analyze 14) As turbulence decreases: A) The amount of oxygen in the sediment decreases B) The amount of detritus in the sediment decreases C) The size of sediment particles increases D) The relative number of suspension feeders increases E) The relative number of seaweed species increases Answer: A Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Unvegetated Soft-Bottom Communities Bloom's: 04. Analyze 15) Deposit feeders would be most likely to be found on which substrate?

A) Coral reefs B) Muddy bottoms C) Gravel bottoms D) Rocky shores E) None of the above Answer: B Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Unvegetated Soft-Bottom Communities Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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16) Which of the following is a positive effect of bioturbators?

A) They oxygenate sediments.

B) They bury infauna.

C) They absorb toxins from the sediments.

D) They stabilize the detritus.

E) All of the above Answer: A Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Unvegetated Soft-Bottom Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 17) Most of the biomass produced by seagrasses finds its way into the food chain by way of: A) Small herbivores that eat the plants B) Detritus C) Epiphytes that live on the surface of leaves and also feed on the plants D) Plankton that thrive on nutrients released by the plants E) Large herbivores such as manatees and sea turtles that feed on the plants Answer: B Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Seagrass Meadows Bloom's: 02. Understand 18) Typically, the dominant inhabitants of rocky subtidal bottoms in shallow water are: A) Crabs B) Sea urchins C) Macroalgae/Seaweeds D) Seagrasses E) Sessile worms Answer: C Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Rocky Bottoms Bloom's: 02. Understand

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19) One of the following will be relatively uncommon component of rocky subtidal communities due to the nature of the substrate: A) Producers B) Grazers C) Predators D) Infauna E) Epifauna Answer: D Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Rocky Bottoms Bloom's: 01. Remember 20) Primary production on soft-bottomed subtidal communities is highest in: A) Salt marshes B) Mangrove forests C) Seagrass beds D) Oyster reefs E) Coral reefs Answer: C Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Seagrass Meadows Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) Which of the following organisms is most likely to be an epiphyte?

A) Algae B) Seagrass C) Mangroves D) Snails E) Crabs Answer: A Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Seagrass Meadows Bloom's: 01. Remember

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22) By definition, kelp forests develop when: A) Kelp fronds extend far enough to float on the surface B) The kelp is large enough to rise off of the bottom C) The kelp lives in warm water D) The kelp fronds develop their leaves E) The kelp holdfast is large enough to be called a true root system Answer: A Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Kelp Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand 23) The life cycle of the giant kelp involves: A) One growth form B) Two growth forms C) Two growth forms, both very large D) Two or three growth forms, depending on temperature E) One growth form, which can be large or small depending on temperature Answer: B Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Kelp Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) Kelps are characteristic of: A) Soft bottoms B) Arctic and Antarctic coasts C) Hard bottoms in the tropics D) Soft bottoms but only in the tropics E) Temperate regions Answer: E Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Kelp Communities Bloom's: 02. Understand

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25) Due to the current circulation patterns, the distribution of kelps is expected to be the widest on coasts along the: A) Eastern side of oceans B) Western side of oceans C) Southern Hemisphere D) Northern Hemisphere E) Equator Answer: A Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Kelp Communities Bloom's: 03. Apply 26) Sea otters are known to affect the development of giant kelp forests by: A) Helping in the dispersion of spores B) Removing competing seaweeds C) Feeding on carnivorous fishes D) Feeding on grazing sea urchins E) Releasing nutrients present in feces and urine Answer: D Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Kelp Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) Kelp communities are severely disturbed by all of the following except: A) Grazing sea urchins B) Grazing fishes C) Pollution D) Warm currents E) El Niño Answer: B Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Kelp Communities Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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28) Seaweed species with increased photosynthetic pigments for life in deeper waters are found in: A) Red algae B) Brown algae C) Green algae D) Red and brown algae E) All of the above Answer: E Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Rocky Bottoms Bloom's: 02. Understand 29) Which of the following strategies is not used by seaweeds to combat grazing?

A) Chemical defenses B) Leathery consistency C) Calcium carbonate D) Bad taste E) Slow growth Answer: E Section: 13.03 Hard-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Rocky Bottoms Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) Due in many ways to human influence, these communities are being lost at a rate similar to that of mangrove forests and salt marshes.

A) Seagrass meadows B) Kelp forests C) Mudflats D) Arctic continental shelf Answer: A Section: 13.02 Soft-Bottom Subtidal Communities Topic: Human Impact on Seagrasses Bloom's: 02. Understand

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 14 Coral Reefs 1) Reef-building corals are cnidarians that are characterized by: A) Having both a polyp and medusa stage B) Lacking nematocysts C) Having mostly a medusa stage D) Lacking a mouth E) Having only a polyp stage Answer: E Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Reef Corals Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) Reef-building corals are classified as: A) Zooxanthellae B) Metamorphic C) Ametamorphic D) Hermatypic E) Ahermatypic Answer: D Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Reef Corals Bloom's: 01. Remember 3) Planula is the name given to: A) The coral polyp B) Zooxanthellae C) Corals that do not build reefs D) Coral larvae E) The coral skeleton Answer: D Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Reef Corals Bloom's: 01. Remember

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4) Zooxanthellae are essential to reef-building corals because they: A) Provide the coral with carbon dioxide B) Filter-out harmful solar radiation C) Provide the coral with protection from predators D) Release mucus E) Help in the deposition of the calcium-carbonate skeleton Answer: E Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Reef Corals Bloom's: 02. Understand 5) A primary requirement for coral reef development that determines where they can develop is: A) Optimum salinity levels B) The availability of sediment C) The lacks of grazers D) The raw material for mucus production E) The presence of a hard substrate Answer: E Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Conditions for Reef Growth Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) Sources of food and other essential nutrients for corals include all of the following except: A) Nutrients released by zooxanthellae B) Calcium carbonate from shells C) Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the water D) Zooplankton captured by the tentacles E) Capture of food using mesenterial filaments Answer: B Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Reef Corals Bloom's: 02. Understand

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7) Besides reef-building corals, the most important organisms that help form coral reefs are: A) Sponges B) Molluscs C) Bryozoans D) Coralline algae E) Forams Answer: D Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Other Reef Builders Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) Which of the following is not used directly by corals for nutrition?

A) Zooxanthellae B) Mesenterial filaments C) Photosynthesis D) Mucus E) Tentacles Answer: C Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Reef Corals Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 9) Reef-building corals grow only in shallow water because: A) Salinity varies less in shallow water B) Zooxanthellae need light for photosynthesis C) Calcium carbonate is only available in shallow water D) Nutrients concentrate in shallow water E) Shallow water contains more dissolved organic matter (DOM) Answer: B Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Conditions for Reef Growth Bloom's: 02. Understand

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10) The expulsion of zooxanthellae due to unfavorable conditions is called: A) Exflagellation B) Exudation C) Bleaching D) Decalcification E) Denudation Answer: C Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Conditions for Reef Growth Bloom's: 01. Remember 11) Eutrophication is very detrimental to the development of coral since it increases: A) The amount of nutrients in the water, hence providing the conditions for the overgrowth of algae B) The temperature of the water, which kills the corals C) The temperature of the water, which kills the zooxanthellae D) The salinity of the water, which kills the corals E) The amount of pollutants in the water Answer: A Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Conditions for Reef Growth Bloom's: 02. Understand 12) Which of the following organisms are least likely to be responsible for bioerosion?

A) Sea urchins B) Polychaetes C) Clams D) Fish E) Algae Answer: E Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Other Reef Builders Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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13) The most common type of coral reefs around the world are: A) Barrier B) Atolls C) Coral knolls D) Oyster reefs E) Fringing Answer: E Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Fringing Reefs Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) In a typical fringing reef, most of the living coral is found on the: A) Reef flat B) Fore reef C) Reef crest D) Reef slope E) Coral knolls Answer: D Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Fringing Reefs Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) Fringing and barrier reefs develop: A) In waters along estuaries B) In the open ocean far from land C) Along a coast D) Around islands in temperate regions E) Near atolls Answer: C Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Fringing Reefs; Barrier Reefs Bloom's: 01. Remember

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16) Generally, an important distinction between barrier and fringing reefs is that barrier reefs: A) Develop from atolls B) Develop farther away from land C) Are found only in the Pacific D) Are found only in the Caribbean E) Do not have a reef flat Answer: B Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Fringing Reefs; Barrier Reefs Bloom's: 02. Understand 17) Spur-and-groove formations, or buttresses, appear to be the result of: A) Fish grazing B) The death of coralline algae C) Accumulation of sand D) The death of coral after a series of very low tides E) Wind and waves Answer: E Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Barrier Reefs Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) Most atolls are found in the: A) Indo-West Pacific region B) Caribbean C) Eastern Pacific along Central America D) Eastern Atlantic E) Western Pacific along the Australian coast Answer: A Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Atolls Bloom's: 01. Remember

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19) Atolls actually start as a: A) Fringing reef B) Barrier reef C) Semi-circular or half-moon shaped atoll D) Coral knoll E) Reef flat Answer: A Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Atolls Bloom's: 02. Understand 20) In addition to zooxanthellae, what is the other important primary producer in a coral reef?

A) Turf algae B) Benthic diatoms C) Kelps D) Coralline algae E) Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) Answer: A Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Topic: Other Reef Builders Bloom's: 01. Remember 21) Primary production is very high in coral reefs but low in surrounding waters. One reason for this is that: A) Coralline algae and other algae are very abundant B) There is abundant carbon dioxide in coral reefs C) Nutrients are efficiently recycled within the reef community D) Zooxanthellae increase the amount of dissolved oxygen in the water E) Turf algae release nutrients Answer: C Section: 14.03 The ecology of coral reefs Topic: The Trophic Structure of Coral Reefs Bloom's: 05. Evaluate

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22) Reef corals compete with soft corals for space. One competitive advantage of soft corals is their: A) Color B) Toxic chemicals C) Special stinging cells D) Ability to destroy zooxanthellae of corals E) Ability to dissolve the skeleton of corals Answer: B Section: 14.03 The ecology of coral reefs Topic: Coral Reef Communities Bloom's: 04. Analyze 23) The recruitment of coral reef fishes seems to be the result of one of these phenomena: A) Species tend to avoid competition.

B) Each species has its own ecological niche, but it is modified to avoid direct competition.

C) Corals overcompete other organisms as long as they keep their zooxanthellae.

D) The outcome of competition is based mostly on chance.

E) Species actually choose when to compete and when to move elsewhere.

Answer: D Section: 14.03 The ecology of coral reefs Topic: Coral Reef Communities Bloom's: 04. Analyze 24) The sweeper tentacles of corals contain: A) Zooxanthellae B) Nematocysts C) Specialized spicules D) Bad-tasting chemicals E) Harmful enzymes Answer: B Section: 14.03 The ecology of coral reefs Topic: Coral Reef Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember

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25) Giant clams are very large in size because they: A) Utilize dissolved organic matter from the water B) Filter a large volume of water C) Are a deposit feeder as well as a suspension feeder D) Are parasites when young E) Have zooxanthellae Answer: E Section: 14.03 The ecology of coral reefs Topic: The Trophic Structure of Coral Reefs Bloom's: 02. Understand 26) What area of a fringing coral reef is most likely to be affected by sedimentation?

A) Reef crest B) Reef slope C) Reef flat D) Reef rise E) Reef knoll Answer: C Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Fringing Reefs Bloom's: 02. Understand 27) What area of a fringing coral reef is most likely to see more pronounced coral growth?

A) Reef crest B) Reef slope C) Reef flat D) Reef rise E) Reef knoll Answer: A Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Fringing Reefs Bloom's: 02. Understand

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28) A toxic illness that can develop when herbivorous fish ingest too many dinoflagellates is: A) Obligate symbiosis B) Parasitosis C) Undulate fever D) Ciguatera E) Tularemia Answer: D Section: 14.03 The ecology of coral reefs Topic: Coral Reef Communities Bloom's: 01. Remember 29) Coral reefs are important and very unique ecosystems because they have ________ than any other comparable area of the world's oceans.

A) greater water flow and wave action B) the greatest amount of biodiversity C) the most detritus production D) the greatest sediment accumulation Answer: B Section: 14.01 The organisms that build reefs Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 30) Which of the following is the last stage in coral reef development on volcanic islands?

A) Fringing reef B) Barrier Reef C) Atoll D) Patch reef Answer: C Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Atolls Bloom's: 01. Remember 31) Deep-water mound-building corals lack which of the following?

A) Calcium-carbonate B) Any type of polyp structure C) The ability to sexually reproduce D) Zooxanthellae Answer: D Section: 14.02 Kinds of coral reefs Topic: Fringing Reefs Bloom's: 02. Understand

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 15 Life Near the Surface 1) The epipelagic is divided into two components: the oceanic waters and the: A) Abyssal zone B) Neritic zone C) Pelagic realm D) Upper photic zone E) Subtidal zone Answer: B Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Plankton: A New Understanding Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) Most of the primary production carried out in the open ocean is performed by: A) Seaweeds B) Kelps C) Phytoplankton D) Seagrasses E) Zooxanthellae Answer: C Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Phytoplankton Bloom's: 02. Understand 3) External input of organic matter is not likely to be important in the: A) Epipelagic zone B) Hadal zone C) Bathyal zone D) Abyssal zone E) Supralittoral zone Answer: A Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Plankton: A New Understanding Bloom's: 03. Apply

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4) The net phytoplankton consists mostly of: A) Copepods B) Diatoms and dinoflagellates C) Nanoplankton D) Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) E) Nanoplankton and diatoms Answer: B Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Phytoplankton Bloom's: 02. Understand 5) Most zooplankton feed on: A) Strictly phytoplankton B) Strictly zooplankton C) Mostly nanoplankton D) Mostly zooplankton E) Mostly nanoplankton and phytoplankton Answer: D Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Zooplankton Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) Typically the most abundant group in the zooplankton are: A) Larvaceans B) Isopods C) Fish larvae D) Nanoplankton E) Copepods Answer: E Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Zooplankton Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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7) Which of these is least likely to be seen in the epipelagic?

A) Suspension feeders B) Deposit feeders C) Primary producers D) First-level carnivores E) Second-level carnivores Answer: B Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Plankton: A New Understanding Bloom's: 02. Understand 8) Viruses are classified as: A) Femtoplankton B) Picoplankton C) Nanoplankton D) Mesoplankton E) Macroplankton Answer: A Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Plankton: A New Understanding Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) All of the following are adaptations by the planktonic organisms for floatation except which one?

A) Spines B) Small size with a large surface area C) Decrease in drag D) Flattened shapes E) Accumulation of lipids Answer: C Section: 15.02 Living in the Epipelagic Topic: Staying Afloat Bloom's: 02. Understand

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10) The storage of lipids within the body is an adaptation in plankton since lipids: A) Make cells heavier B) Increase body density C) Contain air pockets so they help in buoyancy D) Contain a larger amount of energy E) Are less dense than water and thus aid in buoyancy Answer: E Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: Staying Afloat Bloom's: 02. Understand 11) Which one of these groups builds a mucus "house"?

A) Copepods B) Arrow worms C) Larvaceans D) Planktonic snails such as pteropods E) Snail larvae Answer: C Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Zooplankton Bloom's: 02. Understand 12) Which of these is not a member of the holoplankton?

A) Copepods B) Arrow worms C) Larvaceans D) Salps E) Snail larvae Answer: E Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Zooplankton Bloom's: 03. Apply

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13) Which of these would be part of the meroplankton?

A) Viruses B) Bacteria C) Diatoms D) Copepods E) Fish larvae Answer: E Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Zooplankton Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) Epipelagic fish have all of the following in order to reduce drag and increase swimming efficiency except: A) They secrete mucus B) They are sleek C) They have long spines D) They have small scales Answer: C Section: 15.02 Living in the Epipelagic Topic: Staying Afloat Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) Which of the following accounts for about 50 percent of the primary production in epipelagic waters?

A) Diatoms B) Cyanobacteria C) Dinoflagellates D) Coccolithophorids E) Silicoflagellates Answer: B Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Phytoplankton Bloom's: 02. Understand

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16) Which of these are not considered to be pelagic zooplankton?

A) Arrow worms B) Comb jellies C) Pteropods D) Diatoms E) Copepods Answer: D Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Phytoplankton; The Zooplankton Bloom's: 02. Understand 17) Which of the following are the predominate organisms responsible for the so-called "red tides" especially those that are toxic?

A) Meroplankton B) Dinoflagellates C) Copepods D) Chaetognaths Answer: B Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Phytoplankton Bloom's: 01. Remember 18) The neuston consist of animals that: A) Swim against currents B) Sink to the bottom portion of the water column C) Are top carnivores in the pelagic realm D) Spend their entire lives in the plankton E) Float on the surface without protruding above the water surface Answer: E Section: 15.02 Living in the Epipelagic Topic: Staying Afloat Bloom's: 02. Understand

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19) Countershading is a form of: A) Shading with bioluminescence B) Warning coloration C) Structural coloration D) Protective coloration E) Cryptic coloration Answer: D Section: 15.02 Living in the Epipelagic Topic: Predators and Their Prey Bloom's: 01. Remember 20) The rete mirabile found in some fishes is involved in: A) Increasing speed B) Decreasing buoyancy C) Digesting food D) Increasing buoyancy E) Conserving body heat Answer: E Section: 15.02 Living in the Epipelagic Topic: Predators and Their Prey Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) Which of the following adaptations is least likely to be seen in epipelagic fish?

A) Stiff fins B) Smooth, scaleless body C) Increased white muscle D) Groove in body for fins E) Eyes flush with body Answer: C Section: 15.02 Living in the Epipelagic Topic: Predators and Their Prey Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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22) In order to be more streamlined for constant swimming, most epipelagic fish have a tail that is: A) Short and wide B) Short and narrow C) Short and thin D) High and wide E) High and narrow Answer: E Section: 15.02 Living in the Epipelagic Topic: Predators and Their Prey Bloom's: 02. Understand 23) Zooplankton that migrate vertically: A) Hibernate at night and feed during the day B) Feed at the surface during the day and migrate below the photic zone at night C) Feed in the photic zone during the day and migrate to the surface at night D) Stay below the photic zone during the day and feed at the surface at night E) Migrate up and down but always stay below the photic zone Answer: D Section: 15.02 Living in the Epipelagic Topic: Predators and Their Prey Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) Most animals in the epipelagic are omnivores. This means that they eat: A) Producers and consumers B) Part of the neuston C) Zooplankton only D) Detritus E) Phytoplankton only Answer: A Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: Trophic Levels and Energy Flow Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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25) What is the relationship between dissolved organic matter (DOM) and bacteria in the epipelagic?

A) Bacteria feed on DOM, making it available to other animals in the food chain that feed on bacteria.

B) Bacteria supply most of the DOM. C) Bacteria feed on DOM, and thus it is unavailable to other animals.

D) Bacteria cannot utilize DOM and thus feed on detritus, depleting it through most of the epipelagic.

E) Bacteria cannot utilize DOM, making it available to animals.

Answer: A Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: The Microbial Loop Bloom's: 02. Understand 26) The most common limiting nutrient for primary production in the ocean is: A) Silicon B) Oxygen C) Nitrogen D) Carbonate E) Phosphorus Answer: C Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: Trophic Levels and Energy Flow Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) Where is the rate of primary production the least?

A) Coasts B) Upwelling along coasts C) In the middle of the current gyres D) Around Antarctica in the summer E) Along the Equator Answer: C Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: Patterns of Production Bloom's: 02. Understand

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28) The fall bloom in temperate waters is caused when: A) Primary production decreases as nutrients increase B) Primary production decreases due to light limitation C) Primary production decreases as nutrients decrease D) Primary production increases as nutrients increase E) Primary production increases as the number of nekton increases Answer: D Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: Patterns of Production Bloom's: 03. Apply 29) Equatorial upwelling occurs as a result of: A) Temperature changes at the Equator B) The divergence of equatorial surface currents C) The convergence of equatorial surface currents D) Winds causing the Ekman transport of surface water offshore E) El Niño conditions north and south of the Equator Answer: B Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: Patterns of Production Bloom's: 02. Understand 30) The Southern Oscillation was given the nickname "El Niño" because: A) That is the term for changes between two pressure systems B) It is a reference to the wind speed over the Pacific Ocean C) It describes the relationship between sea-surface and high-altitude pressures D) It refers to the tidal differences between the Indian and Pacific Oceans E) It indicates the reversal of the coastal upwelling beginning in late December Answer: E Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: The El Niño-Southern Oscillation Bloom's: 01. Remember

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31) In order to reduce global warming and increase the absorption of carbon dioxide by phytoplankton, it has been proposed to add which of these nutrients to the Southern Ocean in order to stimulate phytoplankton growth?

A) Carbonate B) Calcium C) Iron D) Sulfate E) Copper Answer: C Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: Patterns of Production Bloom's: 01. Remember 32) Which of the following is regarded as the second most important nutrient for oceanic primary production?

A) Phosphate B) Carbonate C) Calcium D) Sulfate E) Hydroxide Answer: A Section: 15.03 Epipelagic Food Webs Topic: Patterns of Production Bloom's: 04. Analyze 33) All of the following are classified as nekton, except: A) Fish B) Turtles C) Penguins D) Copepods Answer: D Section: 15.01 The Organisms of the Epipelagic Topic: The Nekton; New Bloom's: 01. Remember

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 16 The Ocean Depths 1) The mesopelagic zone refers to the ocean depths in which there is: A) Enough light to support plant growth B) No light at all C) Dim light, but not enough for plant growth D) Enough light for primary production by bacteria E) Dim light, but enough to support only some hardy plants Answer: C Section: 16.01 The twilight world Bloom's: 02. Understand 2) In addition to food, deep-water animals depend on the surface for: A) Light B) Carbon dioxide C) Chlorophyll D) Oxygen E) All of the above choices are correct Answer: D Section: 16.01 The twilight world Bloom's: 02. Understand 3) The mesopelagic zone extends from about 200 m to about: A) 300 m B) 500 m C) 1,000 m D) 2,000 m E) 4,000 m Answer: C Section: 16.01 The twilight world Bloom's: 01. Remember

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4) The main oceanic thermocline is located: A) In the mesopelagic B) Above the mesopelagic C) Below the mesopelagic D) It varies since the thermocline disappears in the tropics.

E) It varies since the thermocline moves up and down in the water column depending on the amount of oxygen.

Answer: A Section: 16.01 The twilight world Bloom's: 02. Understand 5) Photophores are: A) Specialized eyes B) Buoyancy-regulating organs C) Specialized jaws D) Light-sensitive organs that lack the lens of true eyes E) Light-producing organs Answer: E Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: The Animals of the Mesopelagic Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) A chambered nautilus is a species of A) Cnidarian B) Bathypelagic fish C) Deep ocean isopod D) Cephalopod Answer: D Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: The Animals of the Mesopelagic Bloom's: 01. Remember 7) Which of the following is least likely to be seen in a vertical non-migrating mesopelagic fish?

A) Weak bones B) Swim bladder C) Flabby muscles D) Small size E) Large eyes Answer: B Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: Adaptations of Midwater Animals Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 2 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

8) Which of these groups of planktonic organisms would be least likely to be living in the mesopelagic?

A) Arrow worms B) Ostracods C) Copepods D) Diatoms E) Pteropods Answer: D Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: The Animals of the Mesopelagic Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 9) Which of the following is not true regarding the deep-scattering layer (DSL)?

A) Position rises at night and moves down during the day B) Comprised of fish, shrimp, squids, and jellyfish C) Found at depths of 300–500 meters D) Discovered by sonar during World War II E) Position is deeper on nights with a new moon Answer: E Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: Adaptations of Midwater Animals Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 10) The tubular eyes of some midwater animals are adapted for: A) Increasing the field of vision B) Producing light C) Seeing in the complete absence of light D) Sensing changes in depth E) Sensing changes in salinity Answer: A Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: Adaptations of Midwater Animals Bloom's: 02. Understand

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11) The presence of bioluminescent organs on the underside of midwater fishes is involved in: A) Countershading B) Enlargement of silhouette C) Creating a transparency effect D) Cryptic coloration E) Counterillumination Answer: E Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: Adaptations of Midwater Animals Bloom's: 01. Remember 12) Bioluminescence is used by midwater animals in all of these except in: A) Communication B) Warning coloration C) Attracting prey D) Counterillumination E) Escaping from predators Answer: B Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: Adaptations of Midwater Animals Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 13) The water below the oxygen minimum layer has: A) No oxygen at all B) Only very small traces of oxygen C) Some of the oxygen it had when it left the surface D) Most of the oxygen it had when it left the surface Answer: D Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: Adaptations of Midwater Animals Bloom's: 02. Understand 14) The zone immediately below the bathypelagic zone is called the: A) Abyssopelagic B) Hadalpelagic C) Subtidal D) Subathyal E) Mesopelagic Answer: A Section: 16.02 The world of perpetual darkness Bloom's: 01. Remember 4 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

15) The deepest of ocean waters are classified as: A) Bathypelagic B) Hadalpelagic C) Abyssopelagic D) Mesopelagic E) Lower epipelagic Answer: B Section: 16.02 The world of perpetual darkness Bloom's: 01. Remember 16) Deep-sea pelagic fishes are characterized by all of the following except: A) Small eyes B) Absent or reduced swim bladder C) Color spotted with red D) Flabby muscles E) Large mouth and teeth Answer: C Section: 16.02 The world of perpetual darkness Topic: Living Under Pressure; The Lack of Food Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 17) An important feeding adaptation among deep-sea fishes is: A) Migration to shallower water to feed B) Feeding on males, hence the term "male parasitism" C) Ability to eat prey bigger than themselves D) Strong muscles that allow them to move fast to catch any available prey E) Absence of a stomach Answer: C Section: 16.02 The world of perpetual darkness Topic: The Lack of Food Bloom's: 02. Understand 18) Pheromones are special chemicals that are used to: A) Digest food B) Attract mates C) Catch prey D) Transport oxygen E) Produce bioluminescence Answer: B Section: 16.02 The world of perpetual darkness Topic: Sex in the Deep Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 5 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

19) The deep-sea benthos consists mostly of: A) Deposit feeders B) Filter feeders C) Herbivores D) Omnivores E) Carnivores Answer: A Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: Feeding in the Deep-Sea Benthos Bloom's: 02. Understand 20) The deep-sea scavengers include animals that feed on: A) Deep-sea plankton B) Bottom meiofauna C) Particulate organic matter D) Dead animals E) Bacteria Answer: D Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: The Nature of Life in the Deep-Sea Benthos Bloom's: 02. Understand 21) The "experimental lunch" that was left on the Alvin as it rested on the bottom revealed that deep-sea bacteria: A) Do not exist at all B) May cause diseases in humans exposed to them C) Break down organic matter faster than in shallow water as a result of high pressure D) Grow slower than shallow-water species E) Are identical to those found in shallow water Answer: D Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: Microbes in the Deep Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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22) The major advantage that deep-sea benthic animals have over pelagic ones is that their food: A) Is easier to digest B) Falls to the bottom and stays in one place, thus being available for a longer time C) Gets to be eaten before it gets to pelagic animals D) Gets decayed at much faster rates by chemosynthetic bacteria E) Produces less detritus Answer: B Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: Feeding in the Deep-Sea Benthos Bloom's: 02. Understand 23) A shrimp that occurs in large numbers around deep-sea hydrothermal vents does not have eyes. Light-sensitive cells on the top of the body, however, appear to be used to detect faint light from: A) Bioluminescent predators B) The surface C) The faint glow around vents D) Bioluminescent prey E) Mates Answer: C Section: 16.04 Hot springs, cold seeps, and dead bodies Bloom's: 01. Remember 24) The most common fish in the mesopelagic are: A) Lanternfishes B) Bristlemouths C) Lancetfishes D) Cutlassfishes E) Hatchetfishes Answer: B Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: The Animals of the Mesopelagic Bloom's: 01. Remember

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25) Bioluminescence in mesopelagic organisms is produced by: A) Photophores B) Specialized cells C) Secretions of lucifern D) Photophores and specialized cells E) All of the above Answer: E Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: The Animals of the Mesopelagic; Adaptations of Midwater Animals Bloom's: 01. Remember 26) The condition that creates the largest problem for animals in the deep sea: A) Salinity changes B) Temperature changes C) Pressure changes D) Food availability Answer: D Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: Living Under Pressure Bloom's: 02. Understand 27) Hermaphroditism and male parasitism is most common in: A) Fishes B) Tube worms C) Clams D) Crabs E) Shrimp Answer: A Section: 16.02 The world of perpetual darkness Topic: Sex in the Deep Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand 28) The most numerous organisms on the deep-sea floor are: A) Macrofauna B) Epifauna C) Endofauna D) Meiofauna E) Infauna Answer: D Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: The Nature of Life in the Deep-Sea Benthos; Feeding in the Deep-Sea Benthos Bloom's: 01. Remember 8 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

29) Deep-sea gigantism is most common in: A) Crustaceans B) Polychaetes C) Brittle stars D) Sea stars E) Sea spiders Answer: A Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: Feeding in the Deep-Sea Benthos Bloom's: 01. Remember 30) The reason for deep-sea gigantism is: A) Predation B) Related to reproduction C) Competition for food D) Competition for space E) Not known Answer: E Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: Feeding in the Deep-Sea Benthos Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 31) An unknown fish has been brought to you to examine. This fish is black, relatively small with small eyes and weak, flabby muscles. This fish is most likely from the: A) Mesopelagic (vertical migratory) B) Mesopelagic (vertical non-migrator) C) Epipelagic D) Deep pelagic E) Deep-sea benthic Answer: D Section: 16.01 The twilight world Topic: Adaptations of Midwater Animals Bloom's: 04. Analyze

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32) The energy source for the bacteria that thrive around deep-sea hydrothermal vents is: A) Hydrogen sulfide B) Light C) Heat from the hydrothermal vents D) Detritus E) Tubeworm tissues Answer: A Section: 16.04 Hot springs, cold seeps, and dead bodies Bloom's: 01. Remember 33) Bacteria thriving around deep-sea hydrothermal vents are: A) Photosynthetic B) Symbiotic C) Heterotrophic D) Parasitic E) Chemosynthetic Answer: E Section: 16.04 Hot springs, cold seeps, and dead bodies Bloom's: 01. Remember 34) The giant deep-sea hydrothermal vent tubeworm feeds on: A) Phytoplankton that utilize the heat for primary production B) Detritus from vent deposits C) Small bottom animals such as brittle stars D) Deep-sea bottom fishes that cluster around the vents E) Chemosynthetic bacteria (via filter feeding) Answer: E Section: 16.04 Hot springs, cold seeps, and dead bodies Bloom's: 02. Understand 35) Recent discoveries have shown the Challenger Expedition and other 19th-century oceanographic expeditions assumption that the deep ocean had no ________ was incorrect.

A) sediments B) volcanic activity C) water movement D) biodiversity Answer: D Section: 16.03 The deep ocean-floor Topic: The Nature of Life in the Deep-Sea Benthos Bloom's: 02. Understand

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 17 Resources from the Sea 1) Finfish and shellfish provide approximately what percentage of animal protein consumed by humans around the world?

A) 0.5% B) 1% C) 10% D) 20% E) 30% Answer: D Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) Traditional fisheries are those that: A) Do not routinely record catches B) Catch shellfish, not finfish C) Do not use boats D) Use relatively simple gear and methods E) Have catch quotas set by the UNCLOS Treaty Answer: D Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand 3) When did the world population reach 6 billion?

A) Not yet: it is expected to reach 6 billion by 2010 B) Not yet: it is expected to reach 6 billion by 2020 C) 1985 D) 1990 E) Late 1990s Answer: E Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember

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4) One nation where annual catches have NOT significantly decreased since the late 1980s due to the increased efforts of its fishing fleet is: A) Japan B) Russia C) United States D) China E) Canada Answer: D Explanation: Refer to figure 17.3.

Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) Most marine food resources are harvested from: A) Coral reefs B) The continental shelf C) Open waters off the continental shelf D) Estuaries E) Mariculture ponds Answer: B Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand 6) The largest fish catches are those of: A) Tunas B) Herrings, sardines, and other clupeoid fishes C) Cod, haddocks, related fishes D) Salmon E) Sharks, rays, and skates Answer: B Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember

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7) By definition, demersal catches are those that are harvested from: A) The open water B) The bottom C) Estuaries D) Waters where primary production is increased by upwelling E) The continental shelf Answer: B Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 8) By definition, pelagic catches are those that are harvested from: A) The open water B) The bottom C) Estuaries D) Waters where primary production is increased by upwelling E) The continental shelf Answer: A Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 9) Clupeoid fishes are least likely to be consumed in what way?

A) In pet food B) Fish flour C) Fish meal D) In products such as margarine E) Direct consumption Answer: E Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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10) The richest fishing areas of the world are mostly located in waters: A) Where coral reefs are common B) Where equatorial upwelling takes place C) In open waters far from coasts D) Where coastal upwelling takes place E) Around Antarctica and in the Arctic Answer: D Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 11) Which of these areas would have the greatest amount of fish harvested annually?

A) Northwest Pacific B) Waters around Antarctica C) West Indian Ocean D) Southwest Atlantic E) Mediterranean Answer: A Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 04. Analyze 12) Trawls are nets that: A) Surround and trap fish B) Float on the surface C) Are allowed to drift along the surface D) Placed along the bottom to trap passing fishes E) Dragged along the bottom or through the water column Answer: E Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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13) Cods and related fishes are demersal. As a result, they are most likely to be caught commercially using which method?

A) Gill nets B) Purse seine C) Trawls D) Long line E) Hand line Answer: C Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 14) An example of a marine nonrenewable resource is: A) Shellfish B) Finfish C) Oil D) Seaweeds E) Whales Answer: C Section: 17.02 Non-living Resources from the Sea Floor Topic: Oil and Gas Bloom's: 01. Remember 15) The maximum sustainable yield is best defined as the: A) Highest catch that can be taken without overfishing B) Maximum fishing effort allowed after overfishing is reached C) Highest catch that will pay the minimum cost of the fishing effort D) Minimum catch that will still allow the population to grow E) Annual size of the catch that will balance natural death and predation Answer: A Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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16) Continued catches above the maximum sustainable yield: A) Can be increased to prevent overfishing B) Will result in underutilization C) Will result in a decrease of fishing effort D) Must be decreased in order to decrease population size E) Will result in overfishing and the crash of fish populations Answer: E Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand 17) Fishing effort refers to all of the following except: A) Number of fishing boats B) Number of fishermen C) Number and size of fishing nets D) Amount of time spent at sea E) Size of the catch Answer: E Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand 18) One of the following best describes commercial fisheries around the world: A) Most have been affected by overfishing B) About 20% have been affected by overfishing C) All have been affected by overfishing D) All have been affected by overfishing, but none have been exhausted E) None have been affected by overfishing in the Southern Hemisphere Answer: A Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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19) Fisheries management involves all of the following except: A) Determining the optimal catch of a fish population B) Determining the commercial value of each catch C) Limiting the size and sex of the fish caught D) Restricting the number of fishing boats E) Determining the fishing gear that can be used Answer: B Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand 20) The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of a nation is defined as being equal to how many nautical miles?

A) 10 B) 20 C) 100 D) 200 E) 1,000 Answer: D Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 21) The farming of salmon includes all the following problems except: A) Higher levels of contaminants in farmed fish tissue B) Pollution released into environment C) Making salmon more expensive D) Threatening genetic identity of wild salmon E) Increasing parasites in the fish Answer: C Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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22) The term "by-catch" is the name given to: A) Junk species that are caught while fishing for more valuable species and are thus discarded B) Species caught for industrial purposes C) Krill and other shellfish D) Species raised in fish farms E) Species caught as part of traditional fisheries Answer: A Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 23) The type of mariculture that takes place under more or less natural conditions with little manipulation by humans is known as: A) Traditional mariculture B) Aquaculture C) Closed intensive mariculture D) Open mariculture E) Industrial mariculture Answer: D Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand 24) Seeding in mariculture refers to: A) Feeding fry with food raised in land farms B) Enriching natural populations by releasing fish that have been farmed for a short time C) Removing diseased fishes D) The culture of shellfish on racks or baskets E) The farming of fish in open mariculture Answer: B Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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25) By the early 2000s, farmed fish accounted for approximately what percentage of the total world consumption?

A) 1% B) 2% C) 10% D) 20% E) 100% Answer: C Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 03. Apply 26) Releasing farmed salmon fry to grow at sea and harvesting them when they return to the river where they were released is called: A) Open mariculture B) Closed mariculture C) Salmon ranching D) Traditional salmon runs E) Intensive mariculture Answer: C Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) Offshore oil is drilled mostly from: A) Deep sea B) Coral reefs C) Abyssal plains D) Continental shelf E) Mid-oceanic ridge Answer: D Section: 17.02 Non-living Resources from the Sea Floor Topic: Oil and Gas Bloom's: 02. Understand

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28) Other than manganese, polymetallic nodules contain relatively large amounts of: A) Nickel B) Gold C) Coal D) Oil E) Silver Answer: A Section: 17.02 Non-living Resources from the Sea Floor Topic: Ocean Mining Bloom's: 01. Remember 29) Desalination plants: A) Extract minerals for industrial use from seawater B) Convert seawater into fresh water C) Extract table salt from seawater D) Convert seawater into brackish water for industrial uses E) Extract oil from seawater Answer: B Section: 17.03 Non-living Resources from Sea Water Topic: Fresh Water Bloom's: 01. Remember 30) Potential sources of energy that can be obtained from the sea include all of the following except: A) Tides B) Waves C) Currents D) Differences in temperature between deep and shallow water E) Polymetallic nodules Answer: E Section: 17.03 Non-living Resources from Sea Water Topic: Energy Bloom's: 02. Understand

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31) The massive decline of a particular fishery in New England waters caused the unemployment of numerous fishers and related workers in the United States and Canada in the 1980s. To date, this fishery has not recovered. Which fishery is this?

A) Salmon B) Clupeids C) Sea bass D) Cod E) Sharks Answer: D Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 32) In the North Atlantic, which fish stock appears to be experiencing growth due to conservation efforts?

A) Sharks B) Tunas C) Cod D) Clupeids E) Swordfish Answer: E Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand 33) A fishery is regarded as collapsed when catches fall below what percent of historic high catches?

A) 50% B) 40% C) 30% D) 20% E) 10% Answer: E Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 02. Understand

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34) In the United States, marine catches are managed by: A) Limiting length of fishing season B) Limiting number of boats or fishers permitted C) Transplantation of artificially reared young D) All of the above E) Both limiting the length of the fishing season and the number of boats or fishers permitted.

Answer: D Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 01. Remember 35) Which of the following seafood choices should eco-minded consumers avoid to help protect fragile fisheries?

A) Pacific flounder B) Pacific cod C) Striped bass D) Grouper E) Tilapia Answer: D Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Food from the Sea Bloom's: 04. Analyze 36) Which of the following is a renewable resource from the marine environment?

A) Oil B) Gas C) Tidal energy D) Minerals Answer: C Section: 17.03 Non-living Resources from Sea Water Topic: Energy Bloom's: 01. Remember

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37) Successful pharmaceutical uses for marine organisms include all of the following except: A) Red seaweed extract used as a laxative B) Sponge extract used as an anti-inflammatory C) Squalene from sharks used to treat cancer D) Bryostatins from bryozoans used to treat cancer E) Horseshoe crab blood used to test vaccines for contamination Answer: C Section: 17.01 The Living Resources of the Sea Topic: Marine Life as Items of Commerce and Recreation Bloom's: 02. Understand 38) The primary product currently obtained from seawater is: A) calcium chloride B) bromine C) magnesium D) sodium chloride (table salt) Answer: D Section: 17.03 Non-living Resources from Sea Water Topic: Minerals Bloom's: 02. Understand

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Marine Biology, 11e (Castro) Chapter 18 The Impact of Humans on the Marine Environment 1) An anthropogenic impact is one caused by: A) Physical factors in the environment B) Organisms that are part of marine communities C) The destruction of primary producers D) Organisms that live in neighboring marine communities E) Human activities Answer: E Section: 18.01 Modification and destruction of habitats Bloom's: 01. Remember 2) Trawling is particularly destructive to: A) Soft-bottom communities B) Coral reefs C) Sandy beaches D) Salt marshes E) Abyssal plains Answer: A Section: 18.01 Modification and destruction of habitats Topic: Trawling Bloom's: 02. Understand 3) Pollution is best described as: A) Adding substances or energy that harm the environment B) Changing the population growth of species C) The decrease in the quality of the environment as a result of natural events D) Substances or materials that are toxic to humans decreasing the quality of the human environment E) Substances that can be broken down by bacteria Answer: A Section: 18.02 Pollution Bloom's: 02. Understand

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4) The problem of hypoxic, or "dead" zones, in the ocean is caused by: A) Oil pollution from tanker discharge B) Lead pollution from heavy industry C) Eutrophication due to algae blooms D) Thermal pollution from power plants E) Pesticides from agriculture Answer: C Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Eutrophication Bloom's: 01. Remember 5) Eutrophication is a type of pollution caused by: A) Lead B) DDT C) Mercury D) Nitrogen E) PCBs Answer: D Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Eutrophication Bloom's: 01. Remember 6) People can contract hepatitis from eating raw shellfish because shellfish: A) Are normal carriers of the hepatitis virus B) Absorb the virus from sediment C) Filter the virus from sewage-contaminated water D) Are affected by algal blooms that transmit the virus E) Contract the virus from passing fish Answer: C Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Sewage Bloom's: 02. Understand

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7) Sludge is best defined as: A) Raw sewage B) Semiliquid material that results from sewage treatment C) Industrial sewage D) Water removed during sewage treatment E) Decayed bacteria in sewage Answer: B Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Sewage Bloom's: 02. Understand 8) Accumulation of sludge on the bottom of the ocean is responsible for: A) Anoxic, or oxygen-lacking, conditions B) Drastic changes in salinity C) Deposit feeders being replaced by filter feeders D) Drastic changes in temperature E) Increase in the number of sharks and other predators Answer: A Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Sewage Bloom's: 02. Understand 9) The two most persistent sources of oil pollution that keep oil in the marine environment for sustained periods are: A) Tanker and storage leak accidents B) Tar balls and tanker accidents C) Natural seepage and urban runoff D) Urban wastes and normal operation of tankers E) Refinery discharges and urban wastes Answer: C Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Oil Bloom's: 02. Understand

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10) The most harmful oil spills in terms of large-scale damage to the marine environment are: A) Discharge from refineries B) Discharge of oil during the unloading of tankers C) Sinking or collision of tankers D) Runoff from coastal cities E) Natural seepage Answer: C Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Oil Bloom's: 02. Understand 11) A substance that is biodegradable: A) Evaporates very slowly B) Forms tar balls or other solid residues C) Can be broken down only by special chemicals D) Sinks to the bottom E) Can be broken down by bacteria Answer: E Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Oil Bloom's: 02. Understand 12) After oil spills, what type of marine animals is most likely to die of exposure?

A) Migrating fishes like salmon B) Cetaceans C) Sea urchins D) Filter-feeding fishes E) Seabirds Answer: E Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Oil Bloom's: 02. Understand

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13) Chlorinated hydrocarbons are found most commonly in which type of pollution?

A) Fertilizers B) Sewage C) Oil D) Aerosol containers E) Pesticides Answer: E Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 02. Understand 14) A persistent chemical is one that is: A) Toxic B) Non-biodegradable C) A thermal pollutant D) Insoluble in water E) Resistant to detergents Answer: B Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 02. Understand 15) Persistent chemicals such as pesticides are particularly harmful to the environment because they: A) Are toxic to plants and other autotrophs B) Are not soluble in seawater C) Interfere with the oxygen intake of organisms D) Are toxic since they are radioactive E) Accumulate in organisms that are higher in the food chain Answer: E Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 02. Understand

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16) Which of the following is not an effect of oil spills on the marine environment?

A) Phytoplankton blooms B) Increased susceptibility to disease in fish C) Decreased ability to stay warm in birds D) Interference with normal reproduction of organisms Answer: A Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Oil Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 17) Which of the following organisms are expected to show the highest concentration of DDT and other chlorinated hydrocarbons in its tissues?

A) Filter-feeding fishes B) Carnivorous fishes C) Phytoplankton D) Sea lions E) Zooplankton Answer: D Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 18) Chlorinated hydrocarbons reach the marine environment by way of: A) Tanker accidents B) Thermal pollution C) Land-nesting seabirds D) River runoff E) Underwater volcanic eruptions Answer: D Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 02. Understand

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19) PCBs are characterized by being: A) Persistent B) Easily biodegradable C) Radioactive D) Responsible for global warming E) Responsible for eutrophication Answer: A Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 01. Remember 20) One of the following has been implicated in abnormal sexual behavior in seabirds: A) Sewage pollution B) Chlorinated hydrocarbons C) Thermal pollution D) Heavy metals E) Eutrophication Answer: B Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 01. Remember 21) Furans are pollutants that belong among the: A) PCBs B) Chlorinated hydrocarbons C) Heavy metals D) Thermal pollutants E) Radioactive wastes Answer: B Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 01. Remember

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22) Heavy metals include all of the following except: A) Lead B) PCBs C) Mercury D) Cadmium E) Copper Answer: B Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 05. Evaluate 23) Mercury toxicity has been directly linked with which of the following health problems in humans?

A) Hepatitis B) Cancer C) Neurological disorders and paralysis D) Digestive disorders E) Respiratory problems Answer: C Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 01. Remember 24) One of the following is known to be responsible for thermal pollution: A) Radioactive fallout B) Sewage C) Excessive use of fertilizers D) Solid waste E) Power plants Answer: E Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Thermal Pollution Bloom's: 01. Remember

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25) A threatened species is one that is: A) In immediate danger of extinction B) At risk of extinction since its members are low in number C) Not at risk even if its members are low in number D) At great risk since it only exists in zoos or marine parks E) Within a few years of disappearing forever Answer: C Section: 18.03 Threatened and endangered species Bloom's: 01. Remember 26) The Steller sea cow was brought to extinction by: A) The destruction of kelp beds B) The occupation of land by whalers C) Whalers hunting for meat D) The filling in of estuaries E) Increase in sediments in the water brought about by the cutting of nearby forests Answer: C Section: 18.03 Threatened and endangered species Bloom's: 01. Remember 27) Introduced species are known to be transported into a new location by way of: A) Ocean currents B) Plankton brought in by currents C) Transplanted oysters D) Natural migration E) Young individuals brought in by currents Answer: C Section: 18.03 Threatened and endangered species Bloom's: 02. Understand 28) Sustainable development refers to development that: A) Remains stable year after year B) Safeguards natural resources for future generations of people C) Does not alter ocean currents, salinity, or any other physical or chemical factors in the environment D) Does not significantly affect the growth of wildlife E) Changes depending on the importance given by future generations of the use of particular resources Answer: B Section: 18.04 Conserving and enhancing the marine environment Topic: Conservation Bloom's: 02. Understand 9 Copyright 2019 © McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

29) Efforts to restore kelp forests include: A) Transplantation of sea urchins B) Cutting kelp just below the surface of the water C) Transplanting young kelp D) Seeding with fertilizers E) Growing kelp along floating rafts Answer: C Section: 18.04 Conserving and enhancing the marine environment Topic: Restoration of Habitats Bloom's: 01. Remember 30) Artificial reefs are known to: A) Improve fishing B) Increase pollution C) Increase beach erosion D) Bring unwanted introduced species E) Change weather patterns Answer: A Section: 18.04 Conserving and enhancing the marine environment Topic: Artificial Reefs Bloom's: 01. Remember 31) Reduced light availability for zooxanthellae is most related to which of these human-induced factors?

A) Increased sedimentation B) Thermal pollution C) Increased harvesting D) Acidification E) Pesticides Answer: A Section: 18.01 Modification and destruction of habitats Topic: Human Impact on Coral Reefs Bloom's: 02. Understand

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32) Which of the following is not true regarding coral bleaching?

A) Bleaching be the result of increased temperatures.

B) Bleaching events are increasing.

C) Bleaching results in no loss of zooxanthellae.

D) Bleached corals do not grow.

E) Bleached corals are vulnerable to disintegration.

Answer: C Section: 18.01 Modification and destruction of habitats Topic: Human Impact on Coral Reefs Bloom's: 02. Understand 33) Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides would likely be found in the greatest concentrations in the tissues of: A) Phytoplankton B) Zooplankton C) Plankton-eating fishes D) Carnivorous fishes E) Seals and sea lions Answer: E Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 02. Understand 34) Chlorinated hydrocarbons are found most commonly in which type of pollution: A) Fertilizers B) Sewage C) Oil D) Aerosol containers E) Pesticides Answer: E Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Persistent Toxic Substances Bloom's: 01. Remember 35) Up to 70% of beach trash is made of plastic waste.

Answer: TRUE Section: 18.02 Pollution Topic: Plastic Waste Bloom's: 01. Remember

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36) Despite being one of the original signatories of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the United States has not ratified it yet.

Answer: TRUE Section: 18.05 Prospects for the future Bloom's: 01. Remember

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