TEST BANK for Inside Texas Politics Power, Policy, and Personality of the Lone Star State 3rd Editio

Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

Chapter 1 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 01, Objective 1.1 1) Which group occupied the lands of Texas more than 10,000 years before the arrival of Europeans?

Feedback: factual a. Tejanos b. Spanish Settlers *c. Native Americans d. Anglos Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 02, Objective 1.1 2) Which of the following was NOT a reason Texas declared independence from Mexico?

Feedback: factual a. Mexico prohibited slavery. *b. Mexico prohibited speaking English. c. Mexico did not provide schools. d. Mexico closed immigration from the U.S. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 03, Objective 1.1 3) Mexican Texans during the time of the Texas revolution were called Feedback: factual *a. Tejanos. b. Native-Mexican. c. Mexican-Americans. d. Tex-Mexicans.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 04, Objective 1.1 4) How did Tejanos react to the centralization of the Mexican government?

Feedback: factual *a. They resisted the idea of centralized authority and embraced local self-governance. b. They embraced the idea of centralized authority and resented the independence given to them by the Mexican government. c. They welcomed the idea of joining the American states. d. They blamed the new Anglo immigrants for the shift in Mexican governance.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 05, Objective 1.1 5) Why did Mexico encourage immigration to Texas from the U.S.?

Feedback: factual a. To establish trading outposts b. To increase the religious diversity of Mexico c. To provide labor for oil drilling in West Texas *d. To serve as a buffer against Native American attacks Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 06, Objective 1.1 6) By 1823 Mexico had banned slavery, but Anglo settlers continued to bring them in under the guise of Feedback: factual a. family members. *b. contract labor. c. volunteer laborers.

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

d. paid day-laborers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 07, Objective 1.1 7) Under Mexican rule, Stephen F. Austin organized Americans to settle in Texas. This role was called Feedback: conceptual *a. empresario. b. ambassador. c. ranger. d. luchador.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 08, Objective 1.1 8) After the Civil War, many Texas cities passed legislation that severely limited the rights of Blacks.

These were known as Feedback: factual a. crow legislation. b. racial ordinances. c. restrictive covenants. *d. black codes.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 09, Objective 1.1 9) Many Anglo settlers in Texas came for Feedback: factual a. religious freedom. *b. cheap land and ample space. c. a chance to learn about Mexican culture. d. a chance to live on the beaches in South Texas.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 10, Objective 1.1 10) During the 1890s, many African Americans moved from rural areas to the outskirts of major cities where they established Feedback: factual a. enclaves. b. urban hubs. c. suburbs. *d. freedman’s towns.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 11, Objective 1.2 11) What impact did covid-19 have on the state’s economy?

Feedback: applied a. Increased sales tax revenue b. A drastic increase in retail revenues c. A decline in unemployment claims *d. Drastically reduced tax revenues Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 12, Objective 1.2 12) Compared to other states, Texas has a _______ poverty rate for senior citizens.

Feedback: conceptual a. non-existent *b. high c. low d. average

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 13, Objective 1.2 13) In the 1800s which of the following crops was (and continues to be) very important to the Texas economy?

Feedback: factual a. Sugar b. Pears *c. Cotton d. Corn Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 14, Objective 1.2 14) In the early 20th century _______ was discovered in Texas and ushered in a new economic era.

Feedback: factual a. coal *b. oil c. gold d. mineral water Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 15, Objective 1.2 15) Which demographic best predicts poverty in Texas?

Feedback: conceptual a. Age *b. Race c. Religion d. Gender Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 16, Objective 1.2 16) The economic good fortune that the state experienced from 2001 to 2008, while other parts of the country were experiencing economic downturns, is sometimes referred to as the Feedback: factual *a. “Texas Miracle.” b. “Texas Boom Cycle.” c. “Texas Recession.” d. “Texas Gold.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 17, Objective 1.2 17) Historically, where has most of Texas' wealth come from?

Feedback: factual a. Ranching b. Manufacturing c. Tourism *d. Natural resources Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 18, Objective 1.3 18) “Enforced or de facto separation of different racial groups” is the definition of Feedback: conceptual a. racism. b. prejudice. c. contest removal. *d. segregation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 19, Objective 1.3

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

19) Why do about twice as many Texas Hispanics as whites obtain health insurance through the Affordable Care Act (ACA)?

Feedback: applied *a. Latinos have higher poverty rates and greater health challenges than Anglos. b. The federal government makes it easier for Latinos to buy this health insurance than for Anglos. c. Latinos make more money than Anglos, on average, and can therefore more afford the ACA health insurance. d. On average, Latinos are healthier than Anglos and thus have lower rates of preexisting conditions.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 20, Objective 1.3 20) Which of the following statements is correct regarding the projected demographic growth in Texas?

Feedback: applied a. The number of African Americans is projected to increase. b. The number of Anglos is predicted to decline. *c. The number of Hispanics is expected to increase. d. The state is expected to become overwhelmingly Anglo.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 21, Objective 1.3 21) As Texas’ population grows, what challenge is expected?

Feedback: applied a. Decreased tourism *b. Infrastructure issues such as congested roads c. Waiting lists to use state parks d. An end to federal aid Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 22, Objective 1.3 22) Which demographic group will drive up the number of elderly Texans?

Feedback: factual *a. Baby boomers b. Gen X c. Millennials d. Gen Z Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 23, Objective 1.3 23) Texas today is experiencing population growth that is Feedback: applied a. much slower than in the early 1900s. *b. the fastest of all the large states in the U.S. c. about the same as previous years. d. slower than all the large states in the U.S. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 24, Objective 1.3 24) In 1890, Texas had no urban areas with a population larger than 40,000. By 1920, four cities— Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston and San Antonio—boasted more than 100,000 each. This shift is commonly referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. rural abandonment. b. the rural rise. *c. urbanization. d. population shift.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 25, Objective 1.3

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25) Almost half of Texas’ population is concentrated in Feedback: factual *a. the six most populous counties. b. west Texas. c. Houston. d. the Panhandle.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 26, Objective 1.3 26) In recent years, urban and suburban areas have amassed more political power because Feedback: factual a. the Texas Supreme Court decided the cities should have more of a say. b. the State Legislature has a bias against rural areas. *c. population shifts occurred. d. rural voters rarely turn out to vote.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 27, Objective 1.3 27) Population shifts from the urban and rural areas to suburban areas adjacent to major cities is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. urbanization. *b. suburbanization. c. degradation. d. implicit racism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 28, Objective 1.3 28) The fastest growing demographic group in Texas is Feedback: factual a. African Americans. b. Anglos. *c. Hispanics. d. Native Americans.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 29, Objective 1.3 29) In the coming years, the Anglo percentage of Texas’ population is expected to Feedback: factual *a. decline. b. remain steady. c. increase slightly. d. increase drastically.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 30, Objective 1.3 30) Someone has low income but receives health care through a government program. This person likely benefited from Feedback: applied a. the Governor’s Discretionary Fund. *b. Medicaid. c. the Texas Health Initiative. d. charity from their church.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 31, Objective 1.4 31) The political culture that emphasizes personal achievement, individual freedoms, individual enterprise, and loyalty to self instead of others is Feedback: conceptual

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*a. individualistic political culture. b. minimal government. c. conservatism. d. moralistic political culture.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 32, Objective 1.4 32) Texans are _______ the death penalty.

Feedback: factual a. overwhelmingly opposed to *b. overwhelmingly supportive of c. ambivalent in opinion on d. evenly divided in opinion on Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 33, Objective 1.4 33) When it comes to social welfare, most Texans feel that Feedback: factual *a. individuals should be responsible for improving their own situation. b. government should be responsible for improving people’s lives. c. social welfare is not a Texan value. d. the government should fully cover college tuition.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 34, Objective 1.4 34) _______ of Texans believe abortion should be illegal under all circumstances.

Feedback: factual *a. A small number b. A large number c. About half d. All Title: Chapter 01 Question 45 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 35, Objective 1.4 35) “The belief, practice, and activity of organized religion” is the definition of Feedback: conceptual *a. religiosity. b. moral traditionalism. c. church attendance. d. mega-church.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 36, Objective 1.4 36) A dimension of Texas political culture that demands a strict adherence to a fair and adequate criminal justice system and swift enforcement of laws could be referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. traditionalistic. b. mandatory sentencing. *c. law and order. d. moralistic.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 37, Objective 1.4 37) Which of the following political cultures aims “to maintain order, and a hierarchical set of political elites largely determine public policy”?

Feedback: conceptual a. American political culture *b. Traditionalistic political culture

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

c. Moralistic political culture d. Individualistic political culture Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 38, Objective 1.4 38) In general, Texans expect different things from their government than Californians expect from theirs. This is because of Feedback: applied a. political socialization. b. constitutional values. *c. political culture. d. separation of powers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 39, Objective 1.4 39) The belief that government should interfere as little as possible in individual affairs is called Feedback: conceptual *a. minimal government. b. hands-off government. c. Texan culture. d. capitalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 40, Objective 1.4 40) How do Texans generally feel about assistance for paying for college?

Feedback: factual a. The government should not help anyone with their college expenses. b. The government should cover everyone’s tuition bills in full. *c. All students should receive aid. d. The neediest students should receive aid.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 41, Objective 1.4 41) Compared to other states, Texans have _______ levels of religiosity.

Feedback: factual a. lower *b. higher c. about the same d. declining Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 42, Objective 1.4 42) “A set of shared values and practices held by people that informs their expectations of government and their vision of a just society” is the definition of Feedback: conceptual *a. political culture. b. American political culture. c. Texas cultural norms. d. personal responsibility.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 43, Objective 1.4 43) Daniel Elazar developed a classification of political culture by states. He identified which three basic political cultures?

Feedback: conceptual a. Aggressive, passive, and assertive b. Moralistic, religious, traditional *c. Individualistic, traditionalistic, moralistic d. Conservative, liberal, moderate

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 44, Objective 1.4 44) That the “government’s role is limited” and “private concerns are more important than public concerns” are elements of Feedback: conceptual a. American political culture. b. traditionalistic political culture. c. moralistic political culture. *d. individualistic political culture.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 45, Objective 1.4 45) That “political elites largely determine public policy” and “citizen participation is low” are elements of Feedback: conceptual a. American political culture. *b. traditionalistic political culture. c. moralistic political culture. d. individualistic political culture.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 46, Objective 1.4 46) That the “government is a positive force designed to activate the public will” and “citizens participate strenuously in government” are elements of Feedback: conceptual a. American political culture. b. traditionalistic political culture. *c. moralistic political culture. d. individualistic political culture.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 47, Objective 1.4 47) Daniel Elazar places Texas at the intersection of which two political cultures?

Feedback: conceptual a. Mexican and American *b. Individualistic and traditionalistic c. Moralistic and traditionalistic d. Individualistic and moralistic Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 48, Objective 1.4 48) Which party in Texas is most likely to define family values as supporting traditional roles for women and opposing same-sex relationships and legalization of drugs?

Feedback: conceptual *a. Republicans b. Democrats c. Independents d. Libertarians Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 01 Question 49, Objective 1.4 49) Which party in Texas is most likely to define family values in terms of protecting an extended family, including expanded health care, a living wage, and expanded social programs?

Feedback: conceptual a. Republicans *b. Democrats c. Independents d. Libertarians

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 50, Objective 1.1 50) In 1821 how did Tejanos feel about throwing off Spanish rule?

Feedback:  They were happy to throw off the burden of Spanish rule.  They embraced the concept of local self-governance.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 51, Objective 1.1 51) Why did the Mexican government promote the settlement of Texas in the 1820s?

Feedback:  to promote commerce  to spread religion  to act as a buffer against attacks by hostile Native Americans Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 52, Objective 1.1 52) While the Mexican government promoted the settlement of Texas, Tejanos quickly began to view Anglo immigrants with hostility. Why? Feedback:  Competitors for land  Competitors for resources Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 53, Objective 1.1 53) How did most African Americans first come to Texas?

Feedback:  By 1823 Mexico had banned slavery.  However Anglo settlers brought in African American slaves under the guise of “contract labor.”

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 54, Objective 1.2 54) What type of crops are especially plentiful in Texas?

Feedback:  Corn, wheat, citrus, sorghum  “King Cotton” is the most prominent Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 55, Objective 1.2 55) Describe the “Texas Miracle.”

Feedback:  Texas fared better than most other states during the national economic downturn from 2001–2008  The state experienced good economic fortune during this time.  High price of oil.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 56, Objective 1.2 56) Describe Texas’s income inequality in relation to other states.

Feedback:  Texas ranks fifth from the top nationally in income inequality.  The gap is quite significant between the richest 5% and the poorest 20%.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 57, Objective 1.3 57) Describe urbanization.

Feedback:  Over the last 100 years, the population has shift in Texas from mostly rural to mostly urban.

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 47% of the population in Texas lives in the “Big Six” counties.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 58, Objective 1.3 58) Describe suburbanization.

Feedback:  Population shifts from the urban and rural areas to suburban areas.  These are typically adjacent to major cities.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 59, Objective 1.3 59) Which demographic has seen the biggest population growth in recent years?

Feedback:  From 1980–2014 the Hispanic population in Texas grew 257%.  This is significantly higher than Anglo and African American population growth.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 60, Objective 1.3 60) What is segregation?

Feedback:  The enforcement or de facto separation of different racial groups.  Residential segregation is prevalent in Texas.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 61, Objective 1.4 61) What is political culture?

Feedback:  A set of shared practices held by people that informs their expectations of government and their vision of a just society.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 62, Objective 1.1 62) Explain the early settlement of Anglos in Texas and why the Mexican government encouraged their immigration in the 1820s.

Feedback:  The Mexican government aggressively promoted Anglo settlement of Texas in the 1820s.  They did this in order to promote commerce and stimulate the economy.  They also encouraged the settlement as a buffer from hostile Native Americans.  Mexico inked deals with individuals (empresarios) granting them the rights to help settle new land and recruit new settlers.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 63, Objective 1.3 63) Describe the population of Texas including which areas are the most populous and which demographic is experiencing the most rapid growth.

Feedback:  There has been a major shift over the last 100 years from rural to urban dwelling, “urbanization.”  The “Big Six” counties account for almost half of the population of the state in both 1990 and 2010.  Now there trend includes a shift to suburban areas, “suburbanization.”  The Hispanic population is by far the fastest growing demographic in Texas.  Hispanics experienced 257% increase in growth from 1980–2014.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 01 Question 64, Objective 1.4 64) Describe the political culture of Texas. Include in your description a summary of Daniel Elazar’s classification system and assessment of Texas political culture.

Feedback:

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 Political culture is a set of shared values and practices held by people that informs their expectations of government and their vision of a just society.  Elazar has three categories of political culture: 1) Individualistic 2) Traditionalistic 3) Moralistic.  Elazar places Texas at the intersection of individualistic and traditionalistic political cultures.  Texas shows elements of individualistic political culture through support for free enterprise, fierce opposition to big government, and entrepreneurship.  Traditionalistic political culture in Texas in seen in characteristics like low voter participation, oneparty dominance, and conservative social values.

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Chapter 2 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 01, Objective 2.1 1) A document that lays out the principles and responsibilities of government and specifies the powers of the branches of government and elected officials is usually referred to as a Feedback: factual a. bill of rights. b. law brief. *c. constitution. d. platform.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 02, Objective 2.1 2) A formal declaration of the rights of the citizens within government is usually referred to as a Feedback: factual a. statement of separation. *b. bill of rights. c. policy. d. constitution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 03, Objective 2.1 3) In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries political thinkers rejected the idea of a “divine right” of kings and instead argued that government should depend on Feedback: factual a. “liberty and faith.” b. “the consent of the ruling class.” c. “parties in power.” *d. “the consent of the governed.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 04, Objective 2.1 4) An agreement in which the governed give up freedoms in return for government protection is referred to as a Feedback: conceptual *a. social contract. b. declaration of rights. c. constitution. d. political power.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 05, Objective 2.2 5) The Mexican government promised to protect the liberty, property, and civil rights of all “foreigners” and in turn asked them to Feedback: factual a. pay a steep tax on all trades. *b. profess the Roman Catholic faith. c. join the military. d. profess allegiance to the National Congress.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 06, Objective 2.2 6) Authority over a political entity, such as a province or a state, is the definition of Feedback: conceptual a. leadership.

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b. political power. *c. sovereignty. d. authority.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 07, Objective 2.2 7) The Mexican president who took steps to centralize power in 1835 by sending his vice president into exile, disbanding Congress, and dissolving the state legislatures was named Feedback: factual a. Jose Perez. b. Gomez Farias. c. Sam Houston. *d. Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 08, Objective 2.2 8) The “Father of Texas” who traveled to Mexico City to request the continuation of his father’s colony in Mexico and served as an empresario for the Anglo settlers was named Feedback: factual a. Moses Austin. b. Sam Houston. *c. Stephen F. Austin. d. James Polk.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 09, Objective 2.2 9) A government run by a single individual, often a king or queen, until death or abdication is called Feedback: conceptual a. a democracy. b. a republic. c. an oligarchy. *d. a monarchy.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 10, Objective 2.2 10) A form of government in which people rule indirectly through elected representatives is called a Feedback: conceptual *a. republic. b. monarchy. c. theocracy. d. democracy.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 11, Objective 2.3 11) Which group primarily wrote the 1836 (Independence) Constitution?

Feedback: factual a. Blacks b. Mexicans c. Tejanos *d. Anglos Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 12, Objective 2.3 12) A system that vests political, judicial, and policymaking authority in different branches of government adheres to Feedback: conceptual *a. separation of powers. b. divided government. c. unicameral legislature.

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d. federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 13, Objective 2.3 13) Which of the following is true of the 1836 Constitution?

Feedback: factual a. Texas did away with the executive branch. b. Only members of the clergy could be in the legislature. *c. Texas barred members of the clergy from serving in the legislature. d. Only Anglos were eligible for office.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 14, Objective 2.3 14) Most of the drafters of the first Texas Constitution expected Texas would Feedback: factual a. face challenges from the U.S. for territory. *b. quickly join the U.S. c. stretch all the way to the Pacific Ocean. d. abolish slavery.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 15, Objective 2.3 15) The 1836 Constitution required that all elected officials must Feedback: factual *a. believe in a higher power. b. be born in Texas. c. be Protestant. d. be members of the clergy.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 16, Objective 2.4 16) The 1845 Constitution was prompted by what event?

Feedback: factual a. Texas merging with South Oklahoma b. Texas declaring independence *c. Texas joining the U.S. d. Texas joining the Confederacy Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 17, Objective 2.4 17) Debate over the 1845 Constitution included Feedback: factual *a. a spirited debate of voting rights. b. a fist-fight in the hall of the convention. c. a debate on requiring all Texans to speak English. d. a compromise on the treatment of Native Americans.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 18, Objective 2.4 18) The right to participate in the electoral process by voting is called Feedback: conceptual a. individual rights. b. voting. *c. suffrage. d. majority rule.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 19, Objective 2.4

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19) A law that prevents Texans from losing their homes in the event of bankruptcy or other financial problems is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. a homestead law. b. a property tax aversion. c. bankruptcy protection. d. financial security.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 20, Objective 2.4 20) The 1845 Constitution explicitly protected homesteads from government seizure in the event of bankruptcy. Why was this included?

Feedback: applied a. Stephen F. Austin said homes were really important and everyone realized he was right. *b. The government had seized homes under Mexican rule. c. There was a very high rate of homelessness at the time. d. If people didn't have their homes, it would be hard for them to have families.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 21, Objective 2.5 21) What event exemplified Texans' frustration with the strong governor under the 1869 Constitution?

Feedback: applied a. The Houston Incident b. The Battle of Corpus Christi c. The Battle of the Alamo *d. The Hill Country Rebellion Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 22, Objective 2.5 22) Which notable Texan was against leaving the Union?

Feedback: factual a. Dan Patrick b. Stephen F. Austin c. Moses Austin *d. Sam Houston Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 23, Objective 2.5 23) Which type of settlers in central Texas were opposed to secession because many did not have slaves?

Feedback: factual a. Mexican b. Italian c. Jewish *d. German Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 24, Objective 2.5 24) The primary historical event surrounding the Texas Constitution of 1866 was Feedback: factual a. the victory of the South over the North. *b. the readmission of Texas back into the Union. c. secession. d. reconstruction.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 25, Objective 2.5 25) The 1866 Constitution could be referred to as the Feedback: applied

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a. “Confederacy Constitution.” b. “Statehood Constitution.” *c. “Readmission Constitution.” d. “Reconstruction Constitution.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 26, Objective 2.5 26) The Constitution of 1869 provided for a strong Feedback: factual a. oil industry. *b. governor. c. legislature. d. supreme court.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 27, Objective 2.5 27) The Constitution of 1869 extended full voting rights to which group for the first time?

Feedback: factual a. White males b. Mexican citizens c. White females *d. African Americans Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 28, Objective 2.5 28) The “Confederacy Constitution” certified the state’s membership in the Confederate States of America and explicitly protected Feedback: factual a. Texas’ right to declare independence from the Confederacy. b. the rights of religious minorities. *c. the rights of slave owners. d. the governor’s right to veto legislation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 29, Objective 2.5 29) The 1861 Constitution included protections for which type institution?

Feedback: factual *a. Slavery b. Cattle breeding c. Cotton production d. Oil production Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 30, Objective 2.5 30) The 1869 elections swept which controversial Republican governor into office?

Feedback: factual a. Sam Houston b. Miriam Ferguson *c. Edmund Davis d. Greg Abbott Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 31, Objective 2.5 31) Governor Davis was defeated by 50,000 votes in the 1873 election and reacted by Feedback: factual *a. refusing to leave office right away. b. leaving office right away. c. sabotaging the governor’s office in the capital building. d. appealing to the people for another election.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 32, Objective 2.5 32) Why was Sam Houston was removed as governor of Texas in 1861?

Feedback: factual a. Houston was offered the position of Mayor of Houston. b. Texas instituted term limits. c. Houston advocated joining the Confederacy and the legislature disagreed. *d. Houston refused to sign an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 33, Objective 2.6 33) Why did the 1876 Constitution have a weak governor?

Feedback: applied a. Texans at the time felt the judiciary should be the strongest branch. *b. Texans had bad experiences under a strong governor from the 1869 Constitution. c. Sam Houston mentioned how uncomfortable he was with a lot of power. d. It was random.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 34, Objective 2.6 34) Which group of voters was initially excluded from voting under the original version of the 1876 Constitution?

Feedback: factual a. White males b. Hispanics c. African-Americans *d. Women Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 35, Objective 2.6 35) How did the 1876 Constitution check strong executive power?

Feedback: factual a. County judges could override the governor. *b. It had a plural executive. c. It had a legislature that was always in session. d. It did away with the executive branch.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 36, Objective 2.6 36) The legislature can pass laws, but only the governor can sign them into law. This is an example of Feedback: applied a. limited government. *b. separation of powers. c. federalism. d. constitutionalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 37, Objective 2.6 37) In practice, the plural executive means Feedback: applied a. the governor is allowed to appoint officials to help lead the state. b. there are three governors at any given time who must make decisions together. *c. the various executive officials are elected separately. d. the Speaker of the House is required to assist the governor in gubernatorial duties if asked to do so.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 38, Objective 2.6

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38) Texas can regulate what you can/cannot do in Texas. However, Oklahoma cannot regulate what you do in Texas. This is because Oklahoma lacks _______ in Texas.

Feedback: applied *a. sovereignty b. force c. constitutionality d. legitimacy Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 39, Objective 2.6 39) In order to suppress the black vote, the 1876 Constitution required voters pay $1 to vote. This is called a Feedback: conceptual a. use tax. b. voting admission. c. ballot fee. *d. poll tax.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 40, Objective 2.6 40) “Popular sovereignty” is defined as Feedback: conceptual a. the people control every choice in the executive branch. b. rule of the mob. c. one person controls the government. *d. rule by the people.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 41, Objective 2.6 41) A political system in which the government’s functions and powers are restricted to protect individual liberty is called Feedback: conceptual *a. limited government. b. unlimited government. c. popular government. d. democratic socialism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 42, Objective 2.6 42) Diffusion of authority and power throughout several entities in the executive branch is referred to as what type of executive?

Feedback: conceptual a. Single b. Dual *c. Plural d. Chief Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 43, Objective 2.6 43) What is the purpose of separation of powers in the constitution?

Feedback: applied a. To encourage democracy b. To add a layer of complication and confusion *c. To keep one branch from becoming too powerful d. To keep the executive branch from becoming too powerful Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 44, Objective 2.6 44) The Texas Bill of Rights was initially modeled on

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Feedback: factual *a. the U.S. Bill of Rights. b. the Louisiana Bill of Rights. c. the writings of Sam Houston. d. the Mexican Bill of Rights.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 45, Objective 2.7 45) The Texas Constitution periodically needs to be updated. How is this usually done?

Feedback: factual a. Just ignoring the parts that are problematic b. Calling the county judges to revise the constitution c. Calling a new constitutional convention *d. A constitutional amendment Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 46, Objective 2.7 46) The current Texas constitution is _______ most other state constitutions.

Feedback: factual a. more awkwardly worded than *b. longer than c. shorter than d. about the same length as Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 47, Objective 2.7 47) Suppose we want to amend the current Texas Constitution. The first step is Feedback: factual a. a constitutional convention must be called by 60% of the county judges b. at least 100,000 voters must sign a petition in support of an amendment. c. the governor must formally ask the state legislature to consider the amendment. *d. two-thirds of both chambers of the legislature must vote to adopt a resolution to propose the amendment.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 48, Objective 2.7 48) Any change to state government that requires expansion of state authority must be approved by Feedback: factual a. delegates at a constitutional convention. b. the governor. *c. a constitutional amendment. d. the federal government.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 49, Objective 2.7 49) Roughly what percentage of amendments of passed since 1879?

Feedback: factual a. 52% b. 29% c. 100% *d. 74% Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 50, Objective 2.7 50) Which of the following amendments are the voters most likely to approve by a high percentage?

Feedback: factual a. Tax increases b. Reorganizing a branch of government *c. Reducing or eliminating a tax

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d. Extending additional powers to politicians Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 02 Question 51, Objective 2.7 51) Which of the following is NOT a step in the Texas constitutional amendment process?

Feedback: factual a. Two-thirds of both houses of the legislature vote to adopt a resolution to propose an amendment. b. The secretary of state and attorney general approve the proposal. c. The voters approve with a majority vote. *d. The governor provides a signature.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 52, Objective 2.1 52) Explain the purpose of a constitution.

Feedback: Establishes principles of government. Establishes powers and responsibilities of government.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 53, Objective 2.1 53) What is a social contract?

Feedback: An agreement in which the governed give up freedoms in return for government protection.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 54, Objective 2.1 54) What are the two themes that we see in each of the Texas Constitutions?

Feedback: A commitment to individual rights. Separation of powers among the three branches of government.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 55, Objective 2.2 55) Explain the difference between a monarchy and a republic.

Feedback: A monarchy is a form of government run by a single individual. A republic is a form of government in which the people rule indirectly through their representatives.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 56, Objective 2.2 56) What steps did President Santa Anna take to centralize the Mexican government?

Feedback: Sent his Vice President into exile. Disbanded the Mexican Congress. Dismissed the empresarios who organized local migration.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 57, Objective 2.2 57) Name a few of the grievances listed in the Texas Declaration of Independence against the Mexican government.

Feedback: Citizens forced to alter their religion by adopting Catholicism. Incarceration with no just cause of Stephen F. Austin. Refused right to trial by jury. Failed to establish public systems of education.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 58, Objective 2.3

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58) Explain the concept of separation of powers.

Feedback: A system that vests political, judicial, and policymaking authority in different branches of government.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 59, Objective 2.3 59) What were the historical circumstances surrounding the 1836 Constitution?

Feedback: Texas declared their independence and was at war with Mexico. This constitution provided the new republic with a governing document.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 60, Objective 2.3 60) What are some differences between the Texas Constitution of 1836 and the U.S. Constitution?

Feedback: Texas did not allow any member of the clergy to serve in elected office. Texas required a belief in a higher power in order serve in elected office. Texas took steps to separate the funding of government from those who serve in it.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 61, Objective 2.4 61) What were the historical circumstances surrounding the 1845 Constitution?

Feedback: The United States accepted Texas into the Union as a state.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 62, Objective 2.4 62) Explain the concept of a homestead law.

Feedback: A law that prevents Texans from losing their homes. Protection in the event of bankruptcy or other financial problems.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 63, Objective 2.5 63) What was the historical event that prompted the Constitution of 1861?

Feedback: The outbreak of the Civil War. Texas seceded from the Union and joined the Confederacy.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 64, Objective 2.5 64) What were the circumstances surrounding the “Readmission Constitution”?

Feedback: The Civil War ended and Texas reentered the Union. New rules for former Confederate states required the states to write new constitutions recognizing the U.S. Constitution and declaring allegiance to the Union.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 65, Objective 2.6 65) Explain the significance of the 1876 Constitution.

Feedback: This is the current constitution of Texas. Addressed growing concerns about centralized state government. Reduced the powers of the governor’s office.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 66, Objective 2.6

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66) Explain the concept of limited government.

Feedback: A political system in which the government’s functions and powers are restricted to protect individual liberty.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 67, Objective 2.7 67) What are the steps involved in passing a constitutional amendment?

Feedback: Two-thirds of both houses of the legislature vote to adopt a resolution to propose an amendment. The secretary of state and the attorney general approve the proposals. Proposals are advertised across the state. Voters must approve the amendment by a majority vote.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 68, Objective 2.7 68) What is voter turnout like for constitutional amendment elections?

Feedback: Participation in the process is very low.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 69, Objective 2.2 69) Explain the events leading up to the fight for Texas independence. How did these events shape the political culture of the state?

Feedback: Mexican government (Santa Anna) took steps to centralize power. Texans felt their right self-governance was violated. The Declaration of Independence provides a detailed list of grievances against the Mexican government. The list includes the imprisonment of the beloved Stephen F. Austin, along with detailed complaints about the violation of basic rights and liberties.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 70, Objective 2.5 70) Explain the reason why Texas saw three different constitutions in the 1860s. Include in your answer the relevant historical events surrounding each constitution.

Feedback: Civil War era events caused intense political battles over slavery and political power in the South. Largely in response to the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, Texas began the process of secession from the United States. This was the primary event surrounding the Constitution of 1861. The “Readmission Constitution” of 1866 was necessary after the Civil War ended. New rules for former Confederate states required the states to write new constitutions recognizing the U.S. Constitution and declaring allegiance to the Union. The 1869 Constitution was necessary to meet the demands of reconstruction. Additional changes in the terms of Reconstruction set by the U.S. Congress forced Texas state leaders to draft another constitution.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 71, Objective 2.6 71) Describe the significance of the Constitution of the 1876. Include in your answer the core functions of the Texas government under this document.

Feedback: The Constitution of 1876 has remained until this day. This constitution built on the previous tenets of separation of powers and individual rights and liberties. It responded to the centralization of power under the 1860s constitutions by greatly reducing the powers of the state. Most significantly it reduced the powers of the governorship by creating a plural executive.

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Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 02 Question 72, Objective 2.7 72) Explain the significance of constitutional amendments in Texas. Include in your answer a description of the constitutional amendment process.

Feedback: The Constitution of 1876 has been changed through the process of constitutional amendment. There are four steps in the constitutional amendment process. The first step is that two-thirds of both chambers of the legislature must must vote to adopt a resolution to pass the proposal. The second step is that the secretary of state and the attorney general have to approve the proposal. The third step is that the proposals are advertised across the state. The fourth step gives the voters the final say. They must approve by a simple majority vote.

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Chapter 3 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 01, Objective 3.1 1) A central government that has complete authority over all levels of government is called a Feedback: conceptual a. confederal system. b. federal system. *c. unitary system. d. nonfederal system.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 02, Objective 3.1 2) A power-sharing arrangement in which a central government’s authority is granted by the individual political units and the central government is generally weak is called a Feedback: conceptual *a. confederal system. b. federal system. c. unitary system. d. nonfederal system.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 03, Objective 3.1 3) The Articles of Confederation was Feedback: factual a. the United States’ pre-Revolution governing document. *b. the United States’ first constitution. c. the United States’ first informal constitution. d. the United States’ second constitution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 04, Objective 3.1 4) A power-sharing arrangement between a central governing authority and individual political units is called a Feedback: conceptual a. confederal system. *b. federal system. c. unitary system. d. nonfederal system.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 05, Objective 3.1 5) The “supremacy clause” establishes that Feedback: factual a. the states are supreme over the federal government. b. the United States is a supreme superpower among the other nations. c. the states are supreme over municipal governments. *d. the U.S. Constitution and federal laws shall be the supreme law of the land when they clash with state laws.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 06, Objective 3.1 6) The federal government only has those powers explicitly spelled out in the Constitution. These are known as Feedback: conceptual *a. enumerated powers.

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b. federal powers. c. implied powers. d. reserved powers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 07, Objective 3.1 7) Powers that the federal government is not expressly granted but that it is assumed to possess so that Congress can carry out its duties are called Feedback: conceptual a. enumerated powers. b. federal powers. *c. implied powers. d. reserved powers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 08, Objective 3.1 8) Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution, which specifies that Congress is allowed to assume additional powers needed to carry out its function, is referred to as the Feedback: factual a. commerce clause. *b. necessary and proper clause. c. reserved power clause. d. implied powers clause.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 09, Objective 3.1 9) The necessary and proper clause is informally called the Feedback: factual a. commerce clause. *b. elastic clause. c. federal clause. d. expansive clause.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 10, Objective 3.1 10) The clause in the U.S. Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states is the Feedback: factual *a. commerce clause. b. necessary and proper clause. c. reserved power clause. d. implied powers clause.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 11, Objective 3.1 11) Powers shared between the state and federal governments are referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. the reserve clause. *b. concurrent powers. c. implied powers. d. federal powers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 12, Objective 3.1 12) The constitution clause that requires that each state respect the rights and proceedings of other states is the Feedback: factual *a. full faith and credit clause. b. necessary and proper clause.

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c. supremacy clause. d. commerce clause.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 13, Objective 3.1 13) Nowhere does it say that Congress can pay for gym equipment on military bases. However, we can say that providing gym facilities is _______ in Congress’s power to raise and support armies.

Feedback: applied a. essential b. obvious *c. implied d. given Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 14, Objective 3.1 14) Both the state and federal government can tax you. This is a(n) ___ power.

Feedback: applied a. implied *b. concurrent c. double d. cooperative Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 15, Objective 3.1 15) The Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution is sometimes called the Feedback: factual a. federal power clause. *b. reserve clause. c. supremacy clause. d. unitary clause.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 16, Objective 3.1 16) If the state governments did not exist and policies for the entire nation were set by the national government, we would live in a _______ system.

Feedback: applied a. confederational b. federal *c. unitary d. tyrannical Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 17, Objective 3.1 17) Currently, the U.S. is a _______ system.

Feedback: factual a. tyrannical b. confederational c. unitary *d. federal Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 18, Objective 3.1 18) Suppose a Texas law and a federal law clash. Which one “wins out”?

Feedback: applied a. The state law wins. *b. The federal law wins. c. The voters decide. d. The Supreme Court decides.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 19, Objective 3.2 19) Texas has stretches of highway where the speed limit is 85 mph. Suppose another state watches Texas's experience with higher speed limits and then decides to copy it. We can say that Texas was a(n) Feedback: applied a. innovator. *b. laboratory of democracy. c. policy leader. d. initial spark.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 20, Objective 3.2 20) What event underscored the failures of the Articles of Confederation?

Feedback: factual *a. Shays’s Rebellion b. Alexander Hamilton’s speech on the state of the economy c. The War of 1812 d. The Texas Revolution Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 21, Objective 3.2 21) Governor Bush developed a(n) _______ policy that he later implemented on the national level when he became president.

Feedback: factual a. energy b. drug treatment *c. education d. health care Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 22, Objective 3.2 22) Generally speaking, which level of government do Texans trust the most?

Feedback: factual a. The federal government *b. State and local government c. The governments of other states d. Trust the state and federal governments about equally Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 23, Objective 3.3 23) Texas tends to receive influxes of federal aid when it experiences Feedback: factual a. low education test scores. b. housing shortages. *c. natural disasters. d. population growth.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 24, Objective 3.3 24) Most federal money in Texas is spent on Feedback: factual a. financial assistance for needy families. b. housing. *c. social programs, such as Medicare. d. parks.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 25, Objective 3.4

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25) A federalist system in which the federal, state, and local government each has exclusive powers that are reserved to it alone is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. dual federalism. b. cooperative federalism. c. states’ rights. d. coercive federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 26, Objective 3.4 26) Texas did not want to comply with the federal government's Common Core education standards.

But when the federal government threatened to withhold federal funding, Texas adopted Common Core (TEKS). This is an example of Feedback: applied a. cooperative federalism. b. dual federalism. *c. coercive federalism. d. collaborative federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 27, Objective 3.4 27) Suppose after a hurricane the governor asked for federal assistance for recovery. The president replied, "Disaster management is something the states should handle, not the federal government."

This would be an example of Feedback: applied a. coercive federalism. b. collaborative federalism. c. cooperative federalism. *d. dual federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 28, Objective 3.4 28) The reserve clause, which states that powers not delegated to the federal government are reserved for the states, comes from Feedback: conceptual *a. the Tenth Amendment. b. Article I of the Constitution. c. Texas law. d. common law.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 29, Objective 3.4 29) After flooding in Houston, the state government sent aid. Additionally, the federal government also sent aid. This is an example of Feedback: applied a. collaborative federalism. b. coercive federalism. c. dual federalism. *d. cooperative federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 30, Objective 3.4 30) _______ gives states greater autonomy from the federal government.

Feedback: conceptual *a. New federalism b. Cooperative federalism c. Collaborative governance d. Unitary governance

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 31, Objective 3.4 31) Originally, the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) withheld funds from the states if they did not expand Medicaid. This is an example of Feedback: applied a. devolution. b. new federalism. c. dual federalism. *d. coercive federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 32, Objective 3.4 32) The federal government gives aid to Texas, but places requirements on how those funds can be spent. This is an example of a Feedback: applied a. string grant. b. block grant. c. matching grant. *d. categorical grant.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 33, Objective 3.4 33) “Layer cake” federalism, in which each layer of government is distinct from the others and maintains its own power and authority, is the illustration for Feedback: conceptual a. neofederalism. *b. dual federalism. c. cooperative federalism. d. coercive federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 34, Objective 3.4 34) A federalist system in which each level of government has overlapping and intertwined authority over shared issues is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. federalism. b. dual federalism. *c. cooperative federalism. d. coercive federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 35, Objective 3.4 35) Funds that are distributed to state or local governments for programs that require state governments to meet conditions established by the federal government are called Feedback: conceptual *a. categorical grants. b. matching grants. c. educational grants. d. new federalism grants.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 36, Objective 3.4 36) Funds that the state adds to supplement specific federal government programs are called Feedback: factual a. categorical grants. *b. matching grants. c. educational grants. d. new federalism grants.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 37, Objective 3.4 37) A federal system that returns greater responsibilities, duties, and funding to the states is called Feedback: factual *a. new federalism. b. new constitutionalism. c. cooperative federalism. d. dual federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 38, Objective 3.4 38) New federalism often involves the federal government transferring power to the states in a process called Feedback: conceptual *a. devolution. b. state enhancement. c. granting aid. d. originalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 39, Objective 3.4 39) Fixed funds that are transferred to states for the implementation of a policy or program are called Feedback: conceptual a. matching grants. b. federal disaster funds. c. categorical grants. *d. block grants.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 40, Objective 3.4 40) Medicaid is an example of a Feedback: applied a. disaster relief fund. *b. block grant. c. cooperative grant. d. healthcare grant.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 41, Objective 3.4 41) A system in which the federal government establishes guidelines for the states and may punish the states for not participating is called Feedback: conceptual a. dual federalism. b. new federalism. c. cooperative federalism. *d. coercive federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 42, Objective 3.4 42) Federal legislation that requires the states to implement policies but does not supply funding necessary for implementation is called a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. funded mandate. *b. unfunded mandate. c. cooperative mandate. d. federal mandate.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 43, Objective 3.4

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43) When the federal government grants states permission and funding to implement federal regulations in policy areas but only if the states comply with a host of conditions, the government is engaging in Feedback: conceptual *a. preemptions. b. devolution. c. block-grant incitement. d. cooperative mandates.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 44, Objective 3.4 44) The federal government gives Texas $20 million to expand the highway in Dallas. But it requires Texas to also spend $20 million of its own on the project. This is an example of Feedback: applied *a. matching funds. b. coercive federalism. c. enumeration. d. reserving.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 45, Objective 3.4 45) Texas receives funds from the federal government for a broad purpose, such as funding Medicaid. Texas has considerable discretion in how to use those funds. This is an example of Feedback: applied a. collaborative aid. b. devolution. c. a categorical grant. *d. a block grant.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 46, Objective 3.4 46) In the 1970s the federal government told states they would lose federal highway funds if they did not raise their drinking ages. This is an example of Feedback: applied *a. coercive federalism. b. dual federalism. c. new federalism. d. devolution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 47, Objective 3.4 47) Cooperative federalism is sometimes described as Feedback: conceptual *a. “marble cake” federalism. b. “layer cake” federalism. c. “upside-down cake” federalism. d. “sheet cake” federalism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 48, Objective 3.5 48) Before Shelby County v. Holder, Texas had to clear all of its election-policy changes through the U.S. Department of Justice. This practice was called Feedback: factual a. discriminatory checking. b. federal overreach. c. federal review. *d. preclearance.

Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Chapter 03 Question 49, Objective 3.5 49) Suppose Texas disagrees with the federal government. How might this be resolved?

Feedback: applied a. By asking the governor of New Mexico to moderate a discussion between the Texas governor and the president b. By threatening to declare independence c. By suing the federal government *d. By returning all federal funds and ignoring the federal government Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 03 Question 50, Objective 3.5 50) Generally speaking, when Texas takes the federal government to court Feedback: factual a. the federal government almost always offers to settle. b. it almost always loses. c. it almost always wins. *d. it wins about 25% of the time.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 51, Objective 3.1 51) What is the “supremacy clause”?

Feedback: Found in Article VI, Section 2, of the Constitution, which states that the U.S. Constitution and federal laws “shall be the supreme law of the land.” If state and federal laws clash, the federal law wins out.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 52, Objective 3.1 52) Describe a “federal system.”

Feedback: A power-sharing arrangement between central governing authority and individual political units. Some powers belong exclusively to the federal government (printing money, the military, foreign relations). Some are exclusive to the state (setting the speed limit, driver’s license requirements).

Others are shared (taxation, education).

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 53, Objective 3.1 53) What are the “enumerated powers”?

Feedback: Powers that are expressly identified as powers that the federal government can take. The federal government can only do those things explicitly written down (or implied by what is written down).

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 54, Objective 3.1 54) Explain the “commerce clause.”

Feedback: This is the clause in the U.S. Constitution that gives Congress the power to regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states. It is one of the main vehicles for federal regulation.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 55, Objective 3.1 55) Explain the “reserved powers.”

Feedback: The Tenth Amendment says, “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.”

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This established that those powers not explicitly given to the federal government are reserved to the states.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 56, Objective 3.1 56) What is the “full faith and credit clause”?

Feedback: A constitutional clause that requires that each state respect the rights and proceedings of other states. So, a driver’s license from Texas must be recognized by all states.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 57, Objective 3.2 57) Explain the problems under the Articles of Confederation.

Feedback: Weak federal government led to many problems including Shays’s Rebellion, an internal domestic uprising. Soldiers were not being paid. Economic downturn across the states. Inability to raise revenue.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 58, Objective 3.2 58) Which level of government do Texans trust the most and what is one possible reason for this?

Feedback: Texans are more likely to favor state government than local or national government One explanation is political—most Texans are Republicans, whereas government at the local and national level are likely run by Democrats. This is especially true in large cities. Legacy of intervention of federal government starting after Civil War. State’s approach, especially to business regulation, more in line with the values of most Texans. The state government is perceived to provide more of the resources that individuals and businesses need than the federal government.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 59, Objective 3.4 59) Explain “new federalism.”

Feedback: Introduced by Richard Nixon. A federal system that returns greater responsibilities, duties, and funding to the states. Also known as devolution. Led to an expansion in the size of the state government.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 60, Objective 3.1 60) Explain the concept of federalism and the relevant constitutional provision that establishes federal and state division of powers.

Feedback: A federal system is a power sharing arrangement between central governing authority and individual political units. The supremacy clause establishes the dominance of the federal government over the states. The supremacy clause is found in Article VI, Section 2, of the Constitution and states that the U.S. Constitution and federal laws “shall be the supreme law of the land.” The enumerated powers expressly identify powers that the federal government can take. The Tenth Amendment provides the states with reserve powers.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 61, Objective 3.1 61) What are the reserved powers and why are the significant?

Feedback:

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The Tenth Amendment to the United States establishes the reserved powers. The amendment states that “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” This amendment gives the state some autonomy on matters not explicitly delegated to the federal government. Proponents of states’ rights often point to the U.S. Constitution’s Tenth Amendment as evidence that state sovereignty should be respected. The states’ reserved powers include policy matters such as public education, public health, and state election.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 03 Question 62, Objective 3.1 62) Explain the “full faith and credit clause” and why it is significant.

Feedback: The full faith and credit clause requires that each state respect the rights and proceedings of other states. Found in Article IV, Section 1, of the Constitution, it states that it is the duty of all states to respect the “public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state.” This clause was significant for bringing the country together as one nation, instead of multiple independent sovereigns.

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Chapter 4 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 01, Objective 4.1 1) When you “register” to vote, you are Feedback: factual a. registering your name for civil service. b. signing up to run in an election. *c. signing up to vote in elections. d. volunteering to campaign for a candidate.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 02, Objective 4.1 2) A statute mandating that state governments provide voter registration opportunities to individuals applying for or renewing their driver’s license is called a(n) Feedback: conceptual *a. motor voter law. b. voter registration law. c. civil service law. d. unconstitutional law.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 03, Objective 4.1 3) An election in which each party selects its nominees for office is called a Feedback: conceptual a. recall election. *b. primary election. c. runoff election. d. general election.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 04, Objective 4.1 4) An election in which any registered voter can vote for a party’s candidates is called a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. semi-closed primary. b. recall primary. *c. open primary. d. closed primary.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 05, Objective 4.1 5) An election in which only voters registered with a party may vote for the party’s candidates is called a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. semi-closed primary. b. recall primary. c. open primary. *d. closed primary.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 06, Objective 4.1 6) An election where, if no candidate receives a majority of the votes, the two top vote getters run again is called a Feedback: conceptual *a. runoff election. b. recall election.

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c. general election. d. primary election.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 07, Objective 4.1 7) An election contest held, as needed, to fill vacancies created by death, resignation, or removal from office is called a Feedback: conceptual a. runoff election. b. recall election. c. general election. *d. special election.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 08, Objective 4.1 8) Early voting in Texas allows for Feedback: conceptual a. voters to receive their ballot in the mail and send it back. *b. voters to cast their ballot in person up to two weeks before election day. c. voters to pay a fee to jump to the front of the line. d. voters to start voting at age 16.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 09, Objective 4.1 9) In general, since 2012, early voting in Texas’s largest counties has Feedback: factual *a. increased. b. decreased. c. stayed roughly the same. d. dramatically decreased.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 10, Objective 4.1 10) Someone goes to vote and selects only Democrats on the ballot. This person has just engaged in Feedback: conceptual a. split-ticket voting. *b. straight-ticket voting. c. short-cut voting. d. deliberate voting.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 11, Objective 4.1 11) Choosing candidates from different parties for different offices is called Feedback: conceptual *a. split-ticket voting. b. straight-ticket voting. c. short-cut voting. d. deliberate voting.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 12, Objective 4.1 12) Suppose no one candidate gets 50% + 1 of the votes in the election. How does the nominee get decided?

Feedback: factual a. A coin flip between the top two candidates *b. A runoff election between the top two candidates c. The candidate who has the highest vote percentage gets the nomination, even if the percentage is below 50% d. The State Legislature decides

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 13, Objective 4.1 13) In 2005, the Texas legislature approved county-level decisions to move from traditional, neighborhood precinct polls to _______. All voters in counties that allow it can vote in these centers in the general election, regardless of their address, so they can choose the most convenient location.

Feedback: factual *a. vote centers b. neighborhood precincts c. county precincts d. open precincts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 14, Objective 4.1 14) When can convicted felons vote again?

Feedback: factual a. While they are in prison b. Twenty years after they are released from prison c. While they are on parole *d. After completing sentence, probation, and parole Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 15, Objective 4.2 15) Single-member districts often enhance the Feedback: factual a. cost of campaigns. b. number of candidates. c. number of third-party legislators. *d. diversity of legislative bodies.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 16, Objective 4.2 16) African American voters form a core component of the _______ Party.

Feedback: factual *a. Democratic b. Republican c. Libertarian d. Texas Freedom Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 17, Objective 4.2 17) An impromptu examination of an individual’s ability to speak and pronounce specific legal passages or a short quiz pertaining to facts of state or U.S. government that was required before voting was called a(n) Feedback: conceptual *a. literacy test. b. IQ test. c. Government 2306 exam. d. U.S. Citizenship test.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 18, Objective 4.2 18) During the Jim Crow era, voters had to pay to vote. This was called a Feedback: conceptual a. poll fee. b. state tax. *c. poll tax. d. registration fee.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 19, Objective 4.2 19) Federal law prohibited discrimination in the general election, so Texas passed a law stipulating that only whites could participate in the primary election. This resulted in the Feedback: conceptual a. Jim Crow primary. *b. white primary. c. secret primary. d. Anglo-only primary.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 20, Objective 4.2 20) During the Jim Crow era, which is not a way the state and local governments attempted to keep Blacks from voting in the general election?

Feedback: factual *a. A requirement that all voters be white b. A poll tax c. A literacy test d. Threats of violence Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 21, Objective 4.2 21) Passed in 1965, the _______ was a landmark piece of federal legislation that outlawed racial discrimination in voting.

Feedback: factual a. New Deal b. Anti-Discrimination Act *c. Voting Rights Act d. Fifteenth Amendment Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 22, Objective 4.2 22) Historically, Hispanic voter turnout has been _______ compared to other racial groups.

Feedback: factual a. declining b. about the same c. higher *d. lower Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 23, Objective 4.2 23) Which of the following groups has the highest voter turnout rates in Texas?

Feedback: factual *a. Whites b. African Americans c. Hispanics d. All groups vote at about the same rate.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 24, Objective 4.2 24) Which of the following groups has the lowest voter turnout rates in Texas?

Feedback: factual a. Whites b. African Americans *c. Hispanics d. All groups vote at about the same rate.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 25, Objective 4.2

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25) In the past two decades, _______ turnout has nearly doubled.

Feedback: factual a. Anglo *b. Hispanic c. Black d. Native American Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 26, Objective 4.2 26) When individuals are deprived of the right to vote, they are Feedback: applied a. undocumented. b. enfranchised. *c. disenfranchised. d. unregistered.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 27, Objective 4.3 27) The belief that your participation can influence the political system is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. political efficacy. b. partisan politics. c. bipartisan behavior. d. dreamer-mentality.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 28, Objective 4.3 28) Compared to other states, voter turnout in Texas is Feedback: factual *a. lower. b. higher. c. about the same. d. declining.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 29, Objective 4.3 29) The process by which individuals acquire political values and behaviors that have a strong influence on future voting behavior is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. political socialization. b. partisan affiliation. c. political ideology. d. public opinion.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 30, Objective 4.3 30) In recent years, voter fraud Feedback: factual a. accounts for about 20% of all votes in Texas. b. has resulted in hundreds of convictions. c. is most common in the Panhandle. *d. is extremely rare.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 31, Objective 4.4 31) A battery of survey questions asked of a representative sample of individuals is a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. informal poll. *b. public opinion poll.

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c. literacy quiz. d. personal identification survey.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 32, Objective 4.4 32) A candidate who is currently the officeholder is called Feedback: conceptual *a. The incumbent b. The Congressman c. A politician d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 33, Objective 4.4 33) A campaign that highlights the negative of their opponent over the positive of their own candidate is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. negative campaigning. b. Texas campaigning. c. incumbent campaigning. d. personal campaigning.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 34, Objective 4.4 34) When Governor Greg Abbott runs for reelection in 2022, he will have the advantage of Feedback: applied a. not having much of a record for his opponent to criticize. b. being relatively unknown to most voters. *c. name recognition. d. being a political outsider.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 35, Objective 4.4 35) A campaign tactic that involves identifying potential subgroups of supporters for customizable messages is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. microtargeting. b. block-walking. c. canvassing. d. door-to-door campaigning.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 36, Objective 4.4 36) “Get out the vote” campaigns typically target Feedback: factual a. undecided voters. b. likely opponents. *c. likely supporters. d. those not registered to vote.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 37, Objective 4.4 37) Why might a PAC give money to both candidates in a given race?

Feedback: applied *a. To ensure access to the eventual winner b. Because they can’t decide who to support c. To ensure they can control the behavior of the eventual winner d. Because PACs often change their minds

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 38, Objective 4.4 38) An organization that collects donations from donors and uses these funds to donate to candidates, parties, or other political causes is referred to as a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. interest group. b. 527. c. slush fund. *d. political action committee (PAC).

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 39, Objective 4.4 39) Federal election funding is regulated by the Feedback: factual *a. Federal Election Campaign Act. b. Texas Bipartisan Election Commission. c. Federation of the States and Elections. d. Federal Campaigns and Elections Committee.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 40, Objective 4.4 40) A group that can spend an unlimited amount of money to advocate for causes but is not permitted to give money to candidates is called a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. PAC. *b. Super PAC. c. advocacy coalition. d. electoral machine.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 41, Objective 4.4 41) You receive a political ad that is based on your viewing and shopping habits. This is likely an example of Feedback: applied a. a “get out the vote” campaign. *b. microtargeting. c. negative campaigning. d. PAC activity.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 42, Objective 4.5 42) Generally speaking, the candidate who spends the most money Feedback: factual a. tends to be the Republican. b. tends to be corrupt. c. tends to lose. *d. tends to win.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 43, Objective 4.5 43) A city selects five members of its city council. Everyone in the city can vote on every member of council. This city uses a(n) _______ districting system.

Feedback: applied a. expansive b. plural c. single-member district *d. at-large Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Chapter 04 Question 44, Objective 4.5 44) Generally speaking, younger voters prefer the _______ Party.

Feedback: factual a. Libertarian *b. Democratic c. Republican d. Texan Independence Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 45, Objective 4.5 45) What change did Texas make to voting in the 2020 election?

Feedback: factual a. Moved Election Day to a Saturday *b. Removed the one-button option for straight-ticket voting c. Expanded vote by mail d. Barred face masks in polling places Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 46, Objective 4.5 46) As political parties become more polarized ideologically, voters Feedback: applied a. are voting straight ticket less often. *b. are voting straight ticket more often. c. are voting straight ticket only in midterm elections. d. are voting straight ticket hardly ever.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 47, Objective 4.5 47) Incumbents are more likely to win a general election with greater voter turnout because their name identification is higher, and they are able to raise and spend more funds. This is known as the Feedback: conceptual a. home-seat advantage. b. winner-take all advantage. *c. incumbent advantage. d. primary advantage.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 48, Objective 4.5 48) Giving large donations to a candidate usually ensures Feedback: factual *a. access to the candidate. b. influence over the candidate. c. a bidding war with other donors. d. a strong possibility for corruption.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 49, Objective 4.5 49) A city is divided into four geographic areas that each elect one person to the city council. This city uses a(n) _______ approach to districting.

Feedback: applied a. collective *b. single-member district c. at-large d. plural Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 04 Question 50, Objective 4.5 50) When do challengers have a better chance of winning?

Feedback: factual

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a. In higher turnout elections *b. In low-turnout elections and runoff elections c. When their opponents are well funded d. None of the above Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 51, Objective 4.1 51) What must one do in order to vote in the state of Texas?

Feedback: An individual must sign up to vote, which is called registering. They must be a U.S. citizen, a resident of the county where the individual intends to vote. At least 18 years old, not legally mentally incapacitated, and not a convicted felon.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 52, Objective 4.1 52) What is a motor voter law?

Feedback: A statute mandating that state governments provide voter registration opportunities to individuals applying for or renewing their driver’s license.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 53, Objective 4.1 53) What is a primary election?

Feedback: An election in which each party selects its nominees for office. They can be either open or closed. They generally have lower turnout than the general election.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 54, Objective 4.1 54) What is an open primary?

Feedback: An election in which any registered voter can vote for a party’s candidates.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 55, Objective 4.1 55) What is a closed primary?

Feedback: An election in which only voters registered with a party may vote for the party’s candidates.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 56, Objective 4.1 56) What is a runoff election?

Feedback: An election where, if no candidate receives a majority of the votes, the two top vote getters run again.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 57, Objective 4.1 57) What is a special election?

Feedback: An election contest held as needed to fill vacancies created by death, resignation, or removal from office.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 58, Objective 4.1 58) What is straight-ticket voting?

Feedback:

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Checking one box to vote for every candidate a specific party has on the ballot.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 59, Objective 4.1 59) What is the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Feedback: A landmark piece of federal legislation that outlawed racial discrimination in voting.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 60, Objective 4.2 60) What was a poll tax?

Feedback: An unconstitutional tax that required those desiring to register to vote to pay a fee. It was used to discourage Blacks from voting.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 61, Objective 4.1 61) Explain the system of primary elections that we have in Texas. Include in your answer the different types of primary elections that could potentially be used across the states, who gets to decide what is used, and the political effects the type of primary could produce.

Feedback: Primary Election: an election in which each party selects its nominees for office. Open Primary: an election in which any registered voter can vote for a party’s candidates. Closed Primary: an election in which only voters registered with a party may vote for the party’s candidates. Texas technically has closed primaries because participants declare a party affiliation before voting, but this declaration is nonbinding for future elections. Practically, Texas has open primaries. Open primaries encourage crossover voting, in which a voter might vote for candidates from the other party who are weaker or more ideologically extreme so that their own party’s candidates have a better chance of winning.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 62, Objective 4.2 62) Discuss the concept of voting barriers. What measures have been in place in Texas in the past that discourage certain individuals of participating? Include in your answer any relevant constitutional provisions or laws pertaining to voting rights.

Feedback: Beginning in the 1890s, southern states began to adopt literacy tests—an impromptu examination of an individual’s ability to speak and pronounce specific legal passages or a short quiz pertaining to facts of state or U.S. government. Poll taxes were also used to restrict access to the ballot. A poll tax was an unconstitutional tax that required those desiring to register to vote to pay a fee. The Fifteenth Amendment, passed in 1870, prohibited the denial of voting rights upon the basis of race. After the Civil War and the end of the Union’s military rule in the South, Anglos were able to keep African Americans economically subservient and reinforce discriminatory voting practices through intimidation. The Republican Party in Texas, champion of African American voting rights, found itself relatively powerless to help. In 1965, Congress passed a landmark piece of federal legislation that outlawed racial discrimination in voting. The act prohibited discrimination against racial minorities. The language “minorities” was left undefined, however. In 1975, the Voting Rights Act was amended to mandate the translation of voting materials.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 63, Objective 4.2

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63) Describe voting behavior in Texas. What demographics vote in higher percentages than others?

What are the trends? Do you expect the trends to continue?

Feedback: Texans are more likely to vote in presidential than midterm elections. Anglos are the most likely to vote, followed closely by African Americans. In some elections the percentage turnout of African Americans is equal to or higher than Anglos. Hispanics trend far behind both Anglos and African Americans in turnout, and turnout has been declining since the 1980s. Hispanic turnout is low because of low assimilation into politics of Texas, eligibility concerns, and a larger population of individuals under eighteen. Anglos are more likely to vote for Republicans, and Republicans have dominated state politics for more than 20 years, so Republicans have an incentive to promote the turnout of Anglo voters. African Americans are historically the most loyal group to the Democratic Party. These numbers spike when a presidential candidate is embraced by African Americans, like Barack Obama in 2008.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 64, Objective 4.4 64) Explain the basics of money in politics. What types of rules are in place?

Feedback: Candidates need money to hire campaign staff, activate their base, and more importantly, advertise. Winning candidates raise more funds. This is not only the case for incumbents, as even in open primaries in Texas, 77 percent of candidates who raise the most money won or advanced to the runoff election. However, money is not always the most significant factor in winning elections. In many races, Texas judicial elections in particular, where there are strict limits on funds raised, party trumps fundraising as the key determinant of electoral success. Three big industry groups dominate the funds contributed in Texas: oil and gas, lawyers, and real estate professionals. Oil and gas related industry donors are by far the most generous, providing almost $19 million in 2018. Candidates themselves donated $11 million to their colleagues, shoring up support from within the party. Political action committees (PACs): organizations that collect donations from donors and use these funds to donate to candidates, parties, or other political causes. Super PACs: independent expenditure committees that are legally permitted to raise and send unlimited funds from individuals, corporations, unions, or other groups to advocate on behalf of their causes but are not permitted to give to candidates directly.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 04 Question 65, Objective 4.5 65) Texas has been a “red” state for a few decades now. Some pundits expect that Texas may turn “blue” in the future. Explain what is meant by “red” and “blue” and give your opinion on whether Texas may turn “blue” in the future.

Feedback: The prospect of increasing voter turnout among low-turnout groups, as well as the growth of the Hispanic population, have prompted many to wonder whether Texas could turn from a solid Republican “red” to a Democratic “blue.” If trends continue, Hispanic and Anglos will each account for 41 percent of the state’s population within the next decade. Some speculate that Hispanics, who lean Democratic, could tilt the state “blue.” Answers may vary.

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Chapter 5 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 01, Objective 5.1 1) Recruiting candidates to run for office is typically done by Feedback: factual a. the local media. b. the state government. *c. party officials. d. the national government.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 02, Objective 5.1 2) Which of the following is not a basic function of political parties?

Feedback: conceptual a. Assisting voters b. Facilitating party goals c. Organizing government by structuring and controlling government *d. Ensuring legislation passes Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 03, Objective 5.1 3) A political philosophy that believes in limited government, free markets, and individual entrepreneurship is Feedback: conceptual *a. conservatism. b. liberalism. c. socialism. d. communism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 04, Objective 5.1 4) Voters, especially less politically involved ones, often use _______ to determine how to vote.

Feedback: conceptual *a. party labels b. the New York Times c. free resources d. educational seminars Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 05, Objective 5.1 5) A political philosophy that emphasizes social equality and a large role for government to protect liberties and alleviate social problems is Feedback: conceptual a. conservatism. *b. liberalism. c. socialism. d. communism.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 06, Objective 5.1 6) Since the 1980s, _______ has become a stronger predictor of party identification.

Feedback: factual *a. ideology b. occupation c. hair color

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d. right- or left-handedness Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 07, Objective 5.1 7) During elections, political parties fire up their turnout machines to get loyal voters to the polls to support party-endorsed candidates. This is because _______ is critical to electoral victory.

Feedback: conceptual a. radio time *b. turnout c. political sophistication d. leadership Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 08, Objective 5.1 8) Strongly committed members of a party are called Feedback: conceptual a. jingoists. b. staff members. *c. partisans. d. loyalists.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 09, Objective 5.1 9) Which type of voter tends to volunteer more of their time and money and is more likely to turn out to vote in party primaries and other elections?

Feedback: factual *a. Partisans b. Liberal-democrats c. Moderates d. Party voters Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 10, Objective 5.1 10) The distribution of authority between national, state, and local party organizations so that each level exercises a degree of independent authority is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. layer-cake distribution. b. centralization. c. localized power. *d. decentralization.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 11, Objective 5.2 11) Every two years, each political party sets its agenda at the Feedback: conceptual *a. party convention. b. party conference. c. party retreat. d. regular session of the state legislature.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 12, Objective 5.2 12) A list of values, beliefs, and policy issues that are endorsed and supported by a political party is known as a Feedback: conceptual *a. party platform. b. party convention. c. party plank. d. word cloud.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 13, Objective 5.2 13) _______ are elected in the party’s primary and serve two years. They recruit volunteers, coordinate campaign workers during elections, and participate in get-out-the-vote and voter registration drives at the local level.

Feedback: conceptual a. Party chairs b. County chairs *c. Precinct chairs d. State party chairs Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 14, Objective 5.2 14) _______ recruit candidates to run for local or regional offices, act as a spokesperson for local issues, manage the funds of the local party, and serve with precinct chairs on the county executive committee.

Feedback: conceptual a. Party chairs *b. County chairs c. Precinct chairs d. State party chairs Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 15, Objective 5.2 15) The _______ develops and communicates the party’s brand to the voters, and raises and manages political funds for the party for the entire state.

Feedback: conceptual a. party chair b. county chair c. precinct chair *d. state party chair Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 16, Objective 5.2 16) Every two years, the party hosts _______ to decide how the party functions and to set the political agenda.

Feedback: conceptual a. platforms *b. conventions c. fundraisers d. state dinners Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 17, Objective 5.2 17) The most local level of a political party is the Feedback: conceptual a. state chair. b. county chair. *c. precinct chair. d. state party convention.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 18, Objective 5.3 18) Over the past 40 years, Democrats have _______ power in the South.

Feedback: factual a. gained *b. lost c. barely held on to

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d. consolidated Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 19, Objective 5.3 19) What was one of the original goals of the Tea Party?

Feedback: factual *a. Relief from taxation b. Bringing troops home from abroad c. Upholding traditional marriage d. Reducing violent crime in inner cities Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 20, Objective 5.3 20) Which political party controlled the legislature in Texas throughout the 1990s?

Feedback: factual *a. Democrats b. Republicans c. Tea Party members d. Libertarians Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 21, Objective 5.3 21) A political party recruits new members and places them in leadership positions. This is called Feedback: conceptual *a. developing party blood. b. expanding the party vision. c. the spoils system. d. staying relevant.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 22, Objective 5.3 22) Compared to the nation writ large, support for the Tea Party in Texas is Feedback: conceptual a. non-existent. b. about the same. c. lower. *d. higher.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 23, Objective 5.3 23) Which party dominated Texas for more than 130 years after the Civil War? Feedback: factual a. The Whigs b. Republicans *c. Democrats d. Federalists Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 24, Objective 5.3 24) A federal economic recovery program in response to the Great Depression that stabilized the banking industry, created jobs, promoted fair labor standards, and created a social welfare network was known as Feedback: factual *a. the New Deal. b. the Great Society. c. the Obama Bailout. d. the Bush Stimulus.

Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Chapter 05 Question 25, Objective 5.3 25) In the 21st century, which party largely dominates statewide elected offices and the state legislature?

Feedback: factual a. Democrats *b. Republicans c. Libertarians d. Greens Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 26, Objective 5.3 26) The sorting of the parties by ideology drove conservative Texans toward the _______ in recent years.

Feedback: conceptual a. Democratic Party *b. Republican Party c. Tea Party d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 27, Objective 5.3 27) The most recent rise of the Tea Party demonstrates that Feedback: applied *a. fissures have developed within the Republican Party. b. Republicans are generally ideologically united. c. Democrats are generally ideologically united. d. fissures have developed within the Democratic Party.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 28, Objective 5.3 28) How did Republicans take over state politics?

Feedback: factual *a. Running in local races in the 1960s b. Investing heavily in statewide races in the 1960s c. Convincing Democrats to join their party d. Recruiting Republicans to move to Texas Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 29, Objective 5.4 29) The redrawing of legislative districts to meet federal and state requirements is called Feedback: conceptual a. reapportionment. *b. redistricting. c. legislating equality. d. party centralization.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 30, Objective 5.4 30) The group of officials who draw the district lines if it were the case that the legislature was not able to agree is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. The Legislative Redistricting Board b. The Cincinnati Commission c. The Texas Supreme Court d. None of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 31, Objective 5.4 31) A process of manipulating district boundaries to benefit a single group is referred to as

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Feedback: conceptual a. redistricting. b. reapportionment. *c. gerrymandering. d. legislative redistricting.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 32, Objective 5.4 32) A legislative district is drawn such that a given population is drawn into one district so that it doesn’t influence surrounding districts. This is an example of Feedback: conceptual *a. packing. b. hijacking. c. reapportioning. d. cracking.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 33, Objective 5.4 33) A legislative district is drawn such that two incumbents must face each other in the upcoming election. This is an example of Feedback: conceptual a. packing. *b. hijacking. c. reapportioning. d. cracking.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 34, Objective 5.4 34) Given Texas’s growing population, one possible outcome of the census is that Texas will Feedback: conceptual a. not have to reapportion. *b. gain additional congressional seats. c. gain a new seat on the Texas Supreme Court. d. lose congressional seats.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 35, Objective 5.4 35) Reapportionment is based on numbers gathered from Feedback: conceptual a. presidential election turnout. *b. the census. c. municipal utility bills. d. cell phone data.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 36, Objective 5.4 36) An elected official who changes parties during his or her time in office has engaged in Feedback: conceptual a. gerrymandering. *b. party switching. c. dishonest campaigning. d. voter deception.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 37, Objective 5.4 37) What kind of changes pushed conservative Democrats out of the Democratic Party and into the Republican Party?

Feedback: conceptual a. Demographic changes

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b. Financial changes *c. Ideological changes d. Campaign law changes Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 38, Objective 5.4 38) Most elected officials who switch parties are Feedback: factual a. Black. b. Hispanic. *c. white men. d. white women.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 39, Objective 5.4 39) As a result of gerrymandering, Texas’s congressional delegation is now Feedback: applied a. mostly Libertarian. b. evenly split between Democrats and Republicans. *c. majority Republican. d. majority Democratic.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 40, Objective 5.4 40) Electoral conflict that signals how successful one party is over another is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. electoral success factors. *b. party competition. c. state competition. d. party conflicts.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 41, Objective 5.4 41) What do political scientists use to measure party competition?

Feedback: conceptual *a. The Ranney Index b. The Duverger scale c. Fundraising totals d. DW Nominate Scores Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 42, Objective 5.4 42) Redistribution of representation based on a counting of residents every 10 years is called Feedback: conceptual *a. reapportionment. b. local control. c. the census. d. party accounting.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 43, Objective 5.4 43) A legislative district is drawn such that a given population is spread over several districts to reduce its influence. This is an example of Feedback: conceptual a. packing. b. hijacking. c. reapportioning. *d. cracking.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 44, Objective 5.5 44) Third parties often have the most success in _______ elections.

Feedback: factual a. congressional b. national *c. local d. statewide Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 45, Objective 5.5 45) Third parties often Feedback: factual a. become major parties. b. expose corruption. *c. have their ideas incorporated into the major parties. d. elect a handful of members to the state legislature.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 46, Objective 5.5 46) A system in which whatever candidate wins the most votes wins the seat is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. winner-take-all. b. proportional representation. c. libertarian. d. Duverger’s law.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 47, Objective 5.5 47) The rule that says “a winner-take-all electoral system generally leads to a two-party system” is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. winner-take-all election. b. proportional representation. c. plurality rule. *d. Duverger’s law.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 48, Objective 5.5 48) Which third party gained momentum in Texas in the 1970s, attracting voters usually tied to the Democratic Party?

Feedback: factual a. The Libertarian Party b. The Communist Party USA c. The Green Party *d. La Raza Unida Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 49, Objective 5.5 49) Which third party in Texas emphasizes free market economic principles and sometimes peels off votes from the Republican Party?

Feedback: factual *a. The Libertarian Party b. The Communist Party USA c. The Green Party d. La Raza Unida Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 05 Question 50, Objective 5.5

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50) Which third party emphasizes local control of communities, nonviolent resolution of disputes, and social justice?

Feedback: factual a. The Libertarian Party b. The Communist Party USA *c. The Green Party d. La Raza Unida Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 51, Objective 5.1 51) Explain “conservative” ideology.

Feedback: A political philosophy that believes in limited government, free markets, and individual entrepreneurship.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 52, Objective 5.1 52) Explain “liberal” ideology.

Feedback: A political philosophy that emphasizes social equality and a large role for government to protect liberties and alleviate social problems.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 53, Objective 5.1 53) Explain “decentralization” in the context of political parties.

Feedback: The distribution of authority between national, state, and local party organizations so that each level exercises a degree of independent authority.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 54, Objective 5.3 54) Which party dominated Texas Politics for 130 years following the Civil War? Feedback: For more than 130 years after the Civil War, Texas was dominated by the Democratic Party. Example: Yellow-Dog Democrats.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 55, Objective 5.3 55) What was the New Deal?

Feedback: A federal economic recovery program in response to the Great Depression that stabilized the banking industry, created jobs, promoted fair labor standards, and created a social welfare network. It began to show the first cracks in Democratic power in Texas.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 56, Objective 5.4 56) What is party competition?

Feedback: Electoral conflict that signals how successful one party is over another.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 57, Objective 5.4 57) What is redistricting?

Feedback: The redrawing of the legislative districts to meet federal and state requirements.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 58, Objective 5.1

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58) Explain the function of political parties.

Feedback: Famous political scientist (Austin native and University of Texas graduate) V.O. Key suggested that parties engage in three basic functions: assisting voters (parties-in-the-electorate), facilitating party goals (parties-as-organizations), and organizing government by structuring and controlling government (parties-in-government). Politics can be a confusing mash of personality and policy—along with a lot of noise. Voters, especially less politically involved voters, may need assistance to understand the political process.

Shortcuts, such as the party identity of a candidate or a party platform, are easy and convenient ways to summarize a great deal of information into understandable bites. Local and state party leaders evaluate potential candidates, often screening them for quality and party loyalty. Parties also recruit candidates to widen the appeal of the party. Parties also have an incentive to sharpen their differences: If voters perceive marked distinctions, parties can recruit candidates and passionate voters more effectively. Parties work to make sure that their candidates, once elected, toe the party line to deliver on electoral promises. Parties often organize legislators into forums where they work together to discuss and formulate policy.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 59, Objective 5.1 59) Describe how political parties are organized in Texas.

Feedback: Parties are decentralized in Texas, meaning the distribution of authority between national, state, and local party organizations so that each level exercises a degree of independent authority. Counties are subdivided into smaller units called precincts. Precinct chairs are elected in the party’s primary and serve for two years. As the most local party leaders, the precinct chairs recruit volunteers, coordinate campaign workers during elections, and participate in get-out-the-vote and voter registration drives. County party chairs recruit candidates to run for local or regional offices, act as a spokesperson for local issues, manage the funds of the local party, and serve with precinct chairs on the county executive committee, which organizes party primaries and hosts county and senate district conventions. The state party chair’s primary responsibility is to develop and communicate the party’s brand to the voters and to raise and manage political funds for the party at the state level.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 60, Objective 5.1 60) What are some of the differences between the Republican and Democratic Parties in Texas?

Feedback: The Democratic Party platform is issue-based but, without being in power, amplifies what they believe and emphasizes education and health programs. The Republican Party platform takes a more negative posture, emphasizing opposition to the federal government but also adherence to rights and laws. There are significant differences in word choices used by each party’s platform. For Democrats, the most prominent words are “state,” “health,” “public,” and “programs.” Somewhat prominent words include “education,” “communities,” “services,” and “believe.” For Republicans, the most prominent words are “oppose”, “united,” and “public.” Somewhat prominent words include “urge,” “federal,” “believe,” “law,” and “right.”

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 61, Objective 5.3 61) Describe the shift in power from the Democratic Party to the Republican Party in Texas.

Feedback: For more than 130 years after the Civil War, Texas was dominated by the Democratic Party. Republican representation in Texas was nearly uniform immediately following the Civil War, as it was the party of Abraham Lincoln that had waged the Civil War and spearheaded Reconstruction. But once the national government pulled its soldiers out of Texas, many Texans rallied against the

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Republican Party—associating it with the scarcity that followed the Civil War and unwanted military rule. The elections of 1871, 1872, and 1873 broke the Republican stranglehold on state politics.

Moderate Republicans and Democrats unified against the “carpetbagger” Union (Republican) government and in their dislike of Republican Governor Davis. The vice president, John Nance “Cactus Jack” Garner, was a Texas Democrat but came from the conservative, rural wing of the party. He and other conservative Democrats, known as the “Texas Regulars,” quietly and privately began to drum up opposition to the court-packing plan. In 1952 and 1960, nearly 80 percent of Texans identified with the Democratic Party. More Texans today identify with the Republican Party (nearly 50 percent) than the Democratic Party.

If “leaning” conservatives are added, those identifying with Republican Party politics gain clear majorities in the state. The sorting of the parties by ideology drove conservative Texans toward the Republican Party.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 05 Question 62, Objective 5.4 62) How competitive are political parties in Texas? What contributes to this?

Feedback: Political parties at the state level have become better organized and more competitive. Electoral conflict that signals how successful one party is over another is what is referred to as party competition. This growing party competition may be explained by a number of factors. A decline in traditional party loyalty means that more voters are willing to split their tickets in national and state elections. The rise of “candidate-centered” campaigning channels voter loyalty toward the candidate rather than toward the party. Candidates can thus be competitive no matter the partisan balance in a state or district. Today, however, Texas is not fully competitive, but it is more competitive than in the past.

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Chapter 6 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 01, Objective 6.1 1) Any formal organization of individuals or groups that seeks to influence government to promote their common cause is called a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. majority party. b. focus group. *c. interest group. d. plurality group.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 02, Objective 6.1 2) The idea that “competition keeps powerful interest groups in check and no single group dominates” is represented in Feedback: conceptual a. interest group theory. *b. pluralist theory. c. elite theory. d. transactional theory.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 03, Objective 6.1 3) The idea that “public policy is bought and sold like a commodity to the highest bidder” is represented in Feedback: conceptual a. interest group theory. b. pluralist theory. c. elite theory. *d. transactional theory.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 04, Objective 6.1 4) The idea that “groups that have greater resources are in a better position to accomplish their goals” is represented in Feedback: conceptual a. interest group theory. b. pluralist theory. *c. elite theory. d. transactional theory.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 05, Objective 6.1 5) Under the elite theory, most of those who are prominent in interest groups tend to be Feedback: conceptual a. college students. b. in blue-collar jobs. c. from the lower class. *d. from the upper class.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 06, Objective 6.1 6) Which theory of interest group participation best describes Texas?

Feedback: conceptual a. Transaction theory

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b. Pluralist theory c. Elite theory *d. It is context dependent Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 07, Objective 6.2 7) You want clean air, more efficient government, and expanded civil rights. There are a dozen organizations that are working to ensure this goal. If you are thinking, “Why should I join if they’ll do the work without my help?” this would be an example of Feedback: applied a. plurality campaigns. b. the public dilemma. c. the collective action problem. *d. the free rider problem.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 08, Objective 6.2 8) Groups that advocate for the benefit of their members are called Feedback: conceptual *a. private interest groups. b. public interest groups. c. free riders. d. elite groups.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 09, Objective 6.2 9) An interest group provides a tote bag for those who join the group. The tote bag is an example of a(n) Feedback: applied *a. selective benefit. b. exclusive offer. c. bribe. d. membership perk.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 10, Objective 6.2 10) An interest group comprised of workers collectively advocating for higher wages and benefits is a Feedback: conceptual a. trade association. *b. union. c. business group. d. collective.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 11, Objective 6.2 11) The Chamber of Commerce, a group of small business owners, is an example of a(n) Feedback: applied *a. business group. b. labor union. c. single-issue group. d. identity group.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 12, Objective 6.2 12) Someone joins an interest group because they enjoy spending time with others who share their views. This is a _______ benefit.

Feedback: applied a. purposive *b. solidarity

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c. material d. perk Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 13, Objective 6.2 13) Groups that benefit the public in general are called Feedback: conceptual a. private interest groups. *b. public interest groups. c. free riders. d. elite groups.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 14, Objective 6.2 14) Individuals who benefit from a publicly provided good or service without paying for it and actively supporting its acquisition are referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. private interest groups. b. public interest groups. *c. free riders. d. elite groups.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 15, Objective 6.2 15) Private goods made available to people who organize for a collective good are called _______ benefits.

Feedback: conceptual a. group *b. selective c. routine d. free rider Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 16, Objective 6.2 16) Someone joins an interest group because being part of the group makes them feel like they are really making a difference. This is a _______ benefit.

Feedback: applied a. perk b. solidarity *c. purposive d. material Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 17, Objective 6.3 17) _______ serve the interests of an industry, such as farmers, locksmiths, or realtors.

Feedback: conceptual a. Business groups *b. Trade associations c. Professional organizations d. Industrial associations Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 18, Objective 6.3 18) _______ are groups that represent a specific occupation, such as doctors or lawyers.

Feedback: conceptual a. Business groups b. Trade associations *c. Professional organizations d. Labor unions

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 19, Objective 6.3 19) How does union membership in Texas compare to states like Minnesota and California?

Feedback: applied *a. Texas has much lower membership rates. b. Texas has much higher membership rates. c. Their rates are about the same. d. There are no unions in Texas.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 20, Objective 6.3 20) _______ represent the interests of specific groups based on such aspects as race, ethnicity, religion, age, sexual orientation, gender, or income.

Feedback: conceptual a. Single-issue groups b. Trade associations *c. Identity groups d. Labor unions Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 21, Objective 6.3 21) The Texas Rifle Association takes positions on only firearm-related issues. They have no position on taxes, poverty, or energy. They are a _______ group.

Feedback: applied *a. single-issue b. public interest c. narrowly focused d. dedicated Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 22, Objective 6.3 22) Suppose the City of Dallas tries to persuade the state legislature to pass legislation that would benefit the city. This is an example of what kind of lobbying?

Feedback: applied *a. Government interest b. Insider c. Municipal d. Local Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 23, Objective 6.3 23) Individual businesses and organizations representing many businesses often advocate on behalf of their own interests—and sometimes battle each other. These are referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. business groups. b. trade associations. c. professional organizations. d. labor unions.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 24, Objective 6.4 24) Getting members of the general public who are interested in an issue to contact elected officials to persuade them on an issue is called Feedback: conceptual *a. grassroots lobbying. b. AstroTurf lobbying. c. electioneering.

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d. fundraising.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 25, Objective 6.4 25) What type of lobbying involves manufacturing public support and making it appear as though it was inspired organically by a swell of public opinion?

Feedback: conceptual a. Grassroots lobbying *b. AstroTurf lobbying c. Electioneering d. Fundraising Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 26, Objective 6.4 26) Advertising (radio, mail, Internet, or television) for or against issues or candidates, granting endorsements, and raising funds is called: Feedback: conceptual a. grassroots lobbying. b. AstroTurf lobbying. *c. electioneering. d. fundraising.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 27, Objective 6.4 27) A legal filing with relevant opinions or information pertinent to a court case that affects a group’s interests, even if they are not directly part of the case, is called a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. abstract. b. endorsement. *c. amicus curiae brief. d. summary hearing.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 28, Objective 6.4 28) Direct communications with members of the legislative or executive branch of government to influence legislation or administrative action is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. lobbying. b. interest groups. c. plying the president. d. the bully pulpit.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 29, Objective 6.4 29) An interest group runs ads advocating for a candidate. This is an example of Feedback: conceptual a. public lobbying. b. grassroots lobbying. c. AstroTurf lobbying. *d. electioneering.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 30, Objective 6.4 30) Suppose an interest group wants to publicly urge its members to vote for a particular candidate.

The group might _______ the candidate.

Feedback: applied a. nominate *b. endorse c. primary

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d. repudiate Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 31, Objective 6.4 31) An interest group sends an e-mail to its members letting them know about actions the legislature has taken. This is an example of what role of interest groups?

Feedback: factual *a. Education b. Citizen campaigns c. Electioneering d. Fundraising Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 32, Objective 6.5 32) Over the past 20 years, the number of lobbyists in Texas has Feedback: factual a. dropped to almost zero. b. stayed the same. *c. increased. d. decreased.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 33, Objective 6.5 33) Most lobbyists work on _______ issues.

Feedback: factual a. military b. identity c. social *d. economic Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 34, Objective 6.5 34) A lobbyist appears at a committee hearing to _______ either for or against the issue.

Feedback: factual a. espouse *b. testify c. grandstand d. electioneer Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 35, Objective 6.5 35) Suppose several interest groups decide to work together on a common cause. These groups have Feedback: conceptual a. electioneered. b. testified. c. merged. *d. built a coalition.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 36, Objective 6.5 36) The relationship that forms between interest groups, the legislature, and executive agency regulators in the policy formation and implementation process is sometimes referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. the Texas triangle. b. the revolving door. c. the three-edged sword. *d. the iron triangle.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 37, Objective 6.5 37) A lobbyist encourages a member of the legislature to make changes to a bill. What role of lobbying is the lobbyist engaged in?

Feedback: conceptual a. Building coalitions b. Commenting on rule making c. Testifying at hearings *d. Shaping legislation Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 38, Objective 6.5 38) An interest group keeps an eye on the performance of a government program. This process is called Feedback: conceptual *a. program monitoring. b. citizen oversight. c. bureaucratic surveillance. d. bureaucratic assistance.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 39, Objective 6.5 39) When iron triangles develop around a single issue, the relationship is often called a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. political network. *b. issue network. c. social network. d. revolving network.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 40, Objective 6.5 40) When agency bureaucrats and legislators leave their jobs to become lobbyists, or vice versa, it is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. the Texas triangle. *b. the revolving door. c. the three-edged sword. d. the iron triangle.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 41, Objective 6.5 41) How many years must Texas elected officials wait before becoming lobbyists in Texas?

Feedback: factual *a. 0 b. 2 c. 5 d. 10 Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 42, Objective 6.5 42) The phenomenon whereby a government agency is “controlled” by the industries that it was designed to regulate is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. the Texas triangle. *b. agency capture. c. the green effect. d. the iron triangle.

Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Chapter 06 Question 43, Objective 6.6 43) If a lawmaker receives a gift from a lobbyist over a certain value, she must _______ it.

Feedback: factual a. pay for b. donate c. refuse *d. report Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 44, Objective 6.6 44) In recent years, the Texas Ethics Commission has issued _______ rulings.

Feedback: factual a. an increasing number of *b. few c. many d. no Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 45, Objective 6.6 45) Since 1991, the _______ has served as the primary agency for regulating and enforcing laws related to interest group lobbying and campaign disclosure.

Feedback: factual a. Texas Safety and Integrity Elections Council b. James Madison Commission *c. Texas Ethics Commission d. Texas House Committee for Transparency Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 46, Objective 6.7 46) Deciding not to participate in a legislative activity as an elected official is known as Feedback: conceptual *a. recusal. b. forfeiture. c. dereliction of duty. d. mediation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 47, Objective 6.7 47) The filing of a report that includes details about lawmakers’ personal finances or business dealings is known as Feedback: conceptual a. an annual report. b. full access. *c. a disclosure. d. a blind trust.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 48, Objective 6.7 48) Legislators frequently _______ themselves—elect not to participate in decisions—from issues in which they have a personal stake.

Feedback: conceptual *a. recuse b. forfeit c. derelict d. mediate Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 49, Objective 6.7 49) Which government agency maintains records on lobbying activity?

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Feedback: factual *a. The Texas Ethics Commission b. The State House of Representatives c. The attorney general d. The secretary of state Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 06 Question 50, Objective 6.7 50) Ethics reform tends to occur Feedback: factual *a. when scandals emerge. b. when a new governor is elected. c. when new interest groups start lobbying. d. after reapportionment.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 51, Objective 6.1 51) What is “pluralist theory”?

Feedback: Competition keeps powerful interest groups in check and no single group dominates.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 52, Objective 6.1 52) What is “elite theory”?

Feedback: Groups that have greater resources are in a better position to accomplish their goals.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 53, Objective 6.1 53) What is “transactional theory”?

Feedback: Public policy is bought and sold like a commodity to the highest bidder.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 54, Objective 6.2 54) Define private interest groups.

Feedback: Groups that advocate for the benefit of their members.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 55, Objective 6.2 55) Define public interest groups.

Feedback: Groups that benefit the public in general.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 56, Objective 6.2 56) Explain the “free rider” problem.

Feedback: A situation in which individuals benefit from a publicly provided good or service without paying for it and actively supporting its acquisition.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 57, Objective 6.5, Objective 6.5 57) What issue area has the most lobbyists?

Feedback: More than 2,000 lobbyists lobby on behalf of business, commerce, and taxes, making it the leader among lobbyists.

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Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 58, Objective 6.5 58) What types of things do lobbyists do in order to persuade legislators to vote the way they would like?

Feedback: Shape legislation, comment on rulemaking, testify at hearings, educate members.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 59, Objective 6.5 59) Describe the “iron triangle.”

Feedback: The relationship that forms between interest groups, the legislature, and executive agency regulators in the policy formation and implementation process.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 60, Objective 6.5 60) What is the “revolving door” in politics?

Feedback: When agency bureaucrats and legislators leave their jobs to become lobbyists, or vice versa.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 61, Objective 6.2 61) Explain the difference between private and public interest groups, and the free rider problem.

Feedback: Private interest groups are groups that advocate for the benefit of their members. Public interest groups are groups that benefit the public in general. The difference lies in who they are advocating for, and who will benefit from their success. The free rider problem is a situation in which individuals benefit from a publicly provided good or service without paying for it and actively supporting its acquisition.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 62, Objective 6.4 62) Describe “grassroots lobbying” and how it relates to the concept of “AstroTurf lobbying.”

Feedback: Grassroots lobbying involves getting members of the general public who are interested in an issue to contact elected officials to persuade them on an issue. AstroTurf lobbying involves manufacturing public support and making it appear as though it was inspired organically by a swell of public opinion. One is a manifestation of a healthy democracy, the other is a misleading illusion of democracy.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 63, Objective 6.4 63) Explain when and how endorsements by interest groups influence election outcomes.

Feedback: In the primary, the groups with the highest rate of successful endorsements were the Texas Home School Coalition, the Texas Rifle Association, the Texas Association of Business, and the Texas Alliance for Life. Most groups, such as Empower Texans and the Conservative Republicans of Texas, were effective in the primary (endorsing the winning candidate 60-70 percent of the time), but were less successful in the runoff (30-35 percent of the time). The most broadly conservative (religiously oriented and Tea Party–based) groups appear to have the least sway with Republican voters.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 64, Objective 6.4 64) How do interest groups interact with the judicial branch in Texas?

Feedback:

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Interest groups directly lobby all three branches of government, including the courts, who are also part of the policymaking process. Interest groups may file lawsuits or briefs to challenge policies that impact their members. Interest groups also file amicus curiae briefs, literally “friend of the court” briefs, when they have relevant opinions or information pertinent to a case that affects their interests, even if they are not directly part of the case.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 06 Question 65, Objective 6.5 65) Explain the role of lobbyists.

Feedback: When Andrew Jackson, “the people’s president,” first took office, Americans who were not allowed in the House or Senate chambers poured into the lobby of the White House to ply the president with their requests, hence the term “lobbying.” Lobbyists in Texas are often called the “Third House,” the other two being the house and senate. Lobbying includes direct communications with members of the legislative or executive branch of government to influence legislation or administrative action. With the crack of the gavel convening the new legislative session, lobbyists begin the endless round of gratuities. They chat up the staff, offer to buy senators or representatives lunch or drinks, backslap those who respond to flattery, and keep a respectful distance from fiercely independent legislators. Lobbyists make themselves essential to legislators by seeing to their needs, whether it is to run messages, obtain legal expertise, or just tell a good joke on a gloomy morning.

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Chapter 7 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 01, Objective 7.1 1) A legislative body with two chambers or houses is known as a Feedback: conceptual a. unicameral legislature. *b. bicameral legislature. c. unimodal legislature. d. bimodal legislature.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 02, Objective 7.1 2) A law where the bill potentially affects all Texans is a Feedback: conceptual *a. general law. b. local law. c. special law. d. resolution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 03, Objective 7.1 3) A law that only affect units of government at the local level is a Feedback: conceptual a. general law. *b. local law. c. special law. d. resolution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 04, Objective 7.1 4) A law that exempts businesses or individuals from state laws is a Feedback: conceptual a. general law. b. local law. *c. special law. d. resolution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 05, Objective 7.1 5) Legislation that conveys the will of the chamber is a Feedback: conceptual a. general law. b. local law. c. special law. *d. resolution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 06, Objective 7.1 6) The primary role of the legislature is to Feedback: conceptual *a. create and pass legislation. b. confirm judges. c. hold special sessions. d. promote ideological consensus.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 07, Objective 7.1 7) Suppose the legislature would like to act on a proposed amendment to the U.S. Constitution. It would use a Feedback: conceptual *a. joint resolution. b. concurrent resolution. c. simple resolution. d. revenue bill.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 08, Objective 7.1 8) The house and the senate pass separate resolutions at the same time concerning legislative adjournment. This is an example of a Feedback: applied a. joint resolution. *b. concurrent resolution. c. simple resolution. d. revenue bill.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 09, Objective 7.1 9) Resolutions that are passed by a single chamber and are used for adopting or changing rules of procedure or expressing congratulations are called Feedback: conceptual a. joint resolutions. b. concurrent resolutions. *c. simple resolutions. d. revenue bills.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 10, Objective 7.1 10) The house of representatives has _______ compared to the senate.

Feedback: factual *a. more members b. fewer members c. more authority over gubernatorial appointments d. more days in session Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 11, Objective 7.1 11) The senate has _______ compared to the house of the representatives.

Feedback: factual a. more members b. fewer days in session c. more power over revenue bills *d. more authority over gubernatorial appointments Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 12, Objective 7.1 12) What is the length of term for a Texas House member?

Feedback: factual a. One year *b. Two years c. Three years d. Four years Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 13, Objective 7.1

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13) What is the length of term for a Texas Senator?

Feedback: factual a. One year b. Two years c. Three years *d. Four years Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 14, Objective 7.1 14) Which body is granted the “power of the purse” (funding policies)?

Feedback: conceptual *a. The Texas House b. The Texas Senate c. The lieutenant governor’s office d. The Texas legislature (both chambers) Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 15, Objective 7.1 15) Which body is supposed to serve as the vehicle for protecting minority interests against the tyranny of the majority?

Feedback: applied a. The Texas House *b. The Texas Senate c. The lieutenant governor’s office d. The Texas legislature (both chambers) Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 16, Objective 7.1 16) Which body has responsibilities that require more deliberation, such as confirming or rejecting all of the governor’s appointments to state boards and commissions?

Feedback: applied a. The Texas House *b. The Texas Senate c. The lieutenant governor’s office d. The Texas legislature (both chambers) Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 17, Objective 7.1 17) Which chamber is responsible for approving gubernatorial appointees?

Feedback: conceptual a. The house of representatives *b. The senate c. Both the house and the senate d. The County Judge’s Council Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 18, Objective 7.1 18) A legislator tells her constituents that she did a lot of work to get state funds to expand the local university. This is an example of Feedback: applied a. casework. b. position taking. c. bragging. *d. credit claiming.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 19, Objective 7.1 19) When legislators and their staff assist constituents in their districts with specific requests, they are Feedback: applied

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*a. Doing casework b. Position taking c. Credit claiming d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 20, Objective 7.1 20) A legislator tells her constituents that she opposes the governor’s mask mandate. This legislator is engaging in Feedback: applied a. casework. *b. position taking. c. credit claiming. d. grandstanding.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 21, Objective 7.1 21) A legislator who votes in accordance with their interpretation of what his or her district would want is following the _______ model of representation.

Feedback: applied *a. Trustee b. Delegate c. Credit-claiming d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 22, Objective 7.1 22) A legislator who is simply a mouthpiece for the wishes of his or her constituency is following the _______ model of representation.

Feedback: applied a. Trustee *b. Delegate c. Credit-claiming d. All of the above Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 23, Objective 7.2 23) The legislative session meeting for 140 days in January of odd-numbered years is referred to as a Feedback: conceptual a. typical session. *b. regular session. c. spring session. d. special session.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 24, Objective 7.2 24) Legislative sessions that can be called by the governor on any issue the governor decides requires attention are referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. typical sessions. b. regular sessions. c. spring sessions. *d. special sessions.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 25, Objective 7.2 25) What type of legislature is Texas classified as?

Feedback: conceptual *a. “Weak”

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b. “Strong” c. “Partisan” d. “Nonpartisan” Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 26, Objective 7.2 26) The legislature holds a regular session Feedback: factual *a. once every other year. b. every year. c. every spring and fall. d. only when a new governor takes office.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 27, Objective 7.2 27) Sine die indicates the Feedback: factual a. beginning of a legislative session. *b. end of a legislative session. c. end of debate on a bill. d. end of the legislative day.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 28, Objective 7.2 28) Which is true of Texas legislators?

Feedback: conceptual a. They are not permitted to hold any other job. b. They are required to live in Austin. *c. They earn only a part-time salary. d. The majority of them do not have college degrees.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 29, Objective 7.2 29) Which entity writes the first draft of the budget?

Feedback: conceptual *a. The Legislative Budget Board b. The Senate Finance Committee c. The House and Senate Leadership Council d. The lieutenant governor Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 30, Objective 7.2 30) Who co-chairs the Legislative Budget Board (LBB)?

Feedback: conceptual a. The president and vice president b. The governor and lieutenant governor *c. The speaker of the house and lieutenant governor d. The speaker of the house and governor Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 31, Objective 7.2 31) When incumbents lose their seats or leave their seats, and new members (freshmen) are voted into office, it is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. freshman classing. *b. turnover. c. adding newbies. d. a flipped house.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 32, Objective 7.2 32) An individual who currently holds public office is a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. wingman. b. challenger. c. Texas core man. *d. incumbent.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 33, Objective 7.2 33) A collective understanding of the way an organization works held by those who run it is known as Feedback: conceptual *a. institutional memory. b. collective organization. c. turnover analysis. d. organizational support.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 34, Objective 7.2 34) Generally speaking, incumbents tend to Feedback: conceptual *a. win reelection. b. lose reelection. c. have little institutional memory. d. be unknown to voters.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 35, Objective 7.3 35) One of the speaker's major powers in the Texas House is the ability to call on or ignore a representative who would like to speak. This power is called Feedback: conceptual a. procedural autonomy. *b. recognition. c. incumbency. d. the power of the gavel.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 36, Objective 7.3 36) A small group of legislators is tasked with exploring an issue and crafting bills before the full house or senate consider them. This is a(n) Feedback: applied *a. committee. b. legislative council. c. body. d. assessment team.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 37, Objective 7.3 37) Permanent committees that deal with a specific issue or topic are known as Feedback: conceptual *a. standing committees. b. select committees. c. joint committees. d. temporary committees.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 38, Objective 7.3

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38) A committee that is temporary and has a fixed issue to investigate or legislation to consider is known as a Feedback: conceptual a. standing committee. *b. select committee. c. joint committee. d. temporary committee.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 39, Objective 7.3 39) The presiding officer of the Texas House is the Feedback: factual a. governor. b. lieutenant governor. *c. speaker of the house. d. majority leader.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 40, Objective 7.3 40) The presiding officer of the Texas Senate is the Feedback: factual a. governor. *b. lieutenant governor. c. speaker of the house. d. majority leader.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 41, Objective 7.4 41) Suppose the house and the senate pass bills that are not identical. How do the two chambers resolve their differences?

Feedback: applied a. The governor picks which one he likes best. *b. The bills are sent to a conference committee. c. The house version takes priority. d. The senate version takes priority.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 42, Objective 7.4 42) The legislature passes a bill the governor does not like. (S)he may _______ the bill to stop it from becoming law.

Feedback: applied a. ignore b. impeach c. repudiate *d. veto Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 43, Objective 7.4 43) Before a bill can be referred to committee, it must first receive Feedback: conceptual a. a request from a committee. b. a majority vote. *c. a first reading. d. gubernatorial approval.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 44, Objective 7.4 44) After the first 60 days of the legislative session, only _______ bills can be considered.

Feedback: conceptual

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a. statewide b. general c. special *d. local Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 45, Objective 7.4 45) All the bills start out in a Feedback: conceptual *a. committee. b. joint review. c. floor vote. d. markup review.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 46, Objective 7.4 46) In order for a bill to go to the governor’s desk Feedback: conceptual a. it must pass the house chamber. *b. both chambers have to agree on legislation. c. it must pass the senate chamber. d. it must clear all committee hearings.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 47, Objective 7.5 47) Opponents of a bill stall for time on noncontroversial bills in order to limit the time that can be dedicated to a more controversial bill. This is an example of Feedback: applied a. party of five. b. taking a walk. c. point of order. *d. stuffing the box.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 48, Objective 7.5 48) Since 2010, the legislature has become Feedback: conceptual a. full-time. b. majority-minority. c. less politically polarized. *d. more politically polarized.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 49, Objective 7.5 49) A senator who holds the floor in order to delay legislation is engaging in a Feedback: applied a. procedural vote. *b. filibuster. c. point of order. d. discharge petition.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 50, Objective 7.5 50) A legislator in either chamber can _______ a bill to put it on hold for 24 hours as a delay tactic.

Feedback: conceptual a. filibuster b. declare c. flag *d. tag

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 51, Objective 7.6 51) Many members of the legislature are Feedback: conceptual a. non-Christians. *b. graduates of the University of Texas at Austin. c. racial minorities. d. under 30 years old.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 07 Question 52, Objective 7.6 52) What impact does diversity in a legislative body have on outcomes?

Feedback: conceptual a. Outcomes are biased against nonminorities. *b. Outcomes are attentive to the needs of minority populations. c. Outcomes are the same as if there were no diversity. d. Decisions tend to take much longer.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 53 53) What is a bicameral legislature?

Feedback: Bicameral legislature: a legislative body with two houses or chambers. French political theorist Montesquieu first conceived of this division as a means of ensuring that no one chamber dominated the other.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 54 54) What are the three different types of laws that legislators can pass?

Feedback: General law: law where the bill potentially affects all Texans. Local law: law that only affect units of government at the local level. Special law: law that exempts businesses or individuals from state laws.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 55 55) Describe the Texas House of Representatives.

Feedback: The Texas House is made up of 150 members, elected for two-year terms. The entire membership of the House is up for election every two years. The Texas Constitution requires members of the Texas House to be at least twenty-one years of age, a citizen of Texas for two years prior to election, and a resident of the district from which he or she is elected one year prior to election.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 56 56) Describe the Texas Senate.

Feedback: The Texas Senate has thirty-one members, elected for four-year terms from districts that carve up the state. One-half of the membership of the senate is elected every two years, so the entire chamber is not up in any single election cycle. As outlined in the Texas Constitution, a senator must be twenty-six years of age, a citizen of Texas five years prior to being elected, and a resident of the district from which he or she is elected one year prior to the election.

Type: essay/short answer question

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Title: Chapter 07 Question 57 57) What are some of the key differences between the house and the senate?

Feedback: The senate has fewer members and longer terms. Requirements to hold office are higher. Budget issues must originate in the house. The senate has the power to confirm gubernatorial appointees.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 58 58) What is a “regular session” of the Texas legislature?

Feedback: The legislative session that meets for 140 days in January of odd-numbered years.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 59 59) What is a “special session” of the Texas legislature?

Feedback: A legislative session that can be called by the governor on any issue the governor decides requires attention.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 60 60) How much is a state legislator’s annual salary?

Feedback: Despite the size of its economy and population, Texans’ belief in small government keeps legislators’ annual salaries at $7,200—the lowest legislative salaries in the nation.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 61 61) Explain “institutional memory.”

Feedback: Institutional memory is a collective understanding of the way an organization works held by those who run it.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 62 62) Explain the incumbent advantage.

Feedback: Generally, the incumbency advantage is high for legislators in Texas, although not as high as the 90 percent or higher for the U.S. Congress. The Texas House and Senate have similar rates of incumbents returning to office.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 63 63) Explain the role of the Texas legislature, including the types of laws and resolutions that they have the authority to pass.

Feedback: The Texas legislature’s chief responsibility is to create and pass legislation. The legislature’s laws dictate everything from the sales tax you pay on cars, to the type of insurance you are required to carry, to how many hours of training your hairstylist needs to be certified. Legislation considered by the legislature can be a general law if the bill potentially affects all Texans. A local law if it affects only units of government at the local level (often carried out by a legislator at the request of local government leaders). A special law if it exempts businesses, organizations, or individuals from state laws. In addition to bills that carry the force of law (after being signed into law), legislators debate and pass resolutions that convey the will of the chamber. These include: joint, concurrent, and simple resolutions.

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Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 64 64) Describe the differences between the Texas House and the Texas Senate.

Feedback: Although both chambers serve the same general function, they retain important differences. The larger number of members and the shorter length of term, in theory, make the Texas House of Representatives a more representative and responsive body than the Texas Senate. The Texas House is made up of 150 members, elected for two-year terms. The entire membership of the House is up for election every two years. By contrast, the Texas Senate has thirty-one members, elected for four-year terms from districts that carve up the state. One-half of the membership of the senate is elected every two years, so the entire chamber is not up in any single election cycle.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 65 65) Explain the ways that legislators can choose to represent their districts. Which of these do you feel like is the best mode of representation?

Feedback: Some legislators act as trustees of their constituency, voting in accordance with their interpretation of what their district would want. Other legislators act as delegates, where the member is simply a mouthpiece for the wishes of their constituency. Opinions may vary.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 66 66) How does Texas compare to other state legislatures?

Feedback: Political scientists classify legislatures as “strong” or “weak” based upon whether they have access to adequate resources to address key issues. “Strong” legislatures consist of full-time, professional, well-paid legislators, year-round or annual sessions, plentiful legislative staff, and competitive elections. By many of these standards, Texas has a “weak” legislature—due to the length of its sessions, salary, staff, and boards that facilitate the legislative process. The Texas legislature meets only biennially (every two years) in January of odd-numbered years. Texas legislators are paid a salary that is much lower than other states.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 07 Question 67 67) What is institutional memory and why is it important?

Feedback: Institutional memory is a collective understanding of the way an organization works held by those who run it. Low salaries and a biennial session can potentially lead to high turnover rates among legislators. Too much turnover can be a problem, leading to a loss of institutional memory, an understanding of how a complex organization runs. The Texas legislature has strong continuity and institutional memory because most elections for Texas legislators are won by the incumbents. Generally, the incumbency advantage is high for legislators in Texas, although not as high as the 90 percent or higher for the U.S. Congress. The Texas House and Senate have similar rates of incumbents returning to office.

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Chapter 8 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 1, Objective 8.1 1) To be governor, one must be at least 30 years old and a resident of Texas for at least five years preceding the election. These are _______ requirements to be governor Feedback: factual a. cultural b. procedural c. informal *d. formal Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 2, Objective 8.1 2) Most Texas governors have been white Protestant men. These are _______ requirements to be governor Feedback: factual a. cultural b. procedural *c. informal d. formal Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 3, Objective 8.1 3) Some states specify someone can only be elected governor twice. These requirements are Feedback: factual *a. term limits. b. limitations of the Executive. c. recommendations for time in office. d. Article II limits.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 4, Objective 8.1 4) Those drafting the 1876 Constitution were suspicious of executive power, so they set the governor’s term for Feedback: factual *a. 2 years. b. 10 years. c. life. d. 5 years.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 5, Objective 8.1 5) In 2000, Governor George W. Bush resigned to prepare for his upcoming term as President of the United States. Which official took over as governor?

Feedback: factual a. The speaker of the house b. The attorney general *c. The lieutenant governor d. The vice governor Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 6, Objective 8.1 6) The sequential passing of authority from one person to another if the previous person is unable to serve is referred to as Feedback: conceptual

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a. passing the torch. *b. political succession. c. impeachment. d. removal powers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 7, Objective 8.1 7) The governor is able to choose whom he or she would like for a number of government positions.

This is the _______ power.

Feedback: conceptual a. corrupt b. campaign c. spoils *d. appointment Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 8, Objective 8.2 8) Someone was sentenced to 20 years in prison. The governor reduces her sentence to 10 years.

The governor has just issued _______.

Feedback: applied a. judicial override b. a pardon *c. clemency d. executive review Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 9, Objective 8.2 9) The constitutional power of the veto is nicknamed the _______ because it is such a valuable bargaining tool.

Feedback: conceptual a. “representation curse” b. “tricky gift” *c. “governor’s gift” d. “legislator’s gift” Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 10, Objective 8.2 10) Governors have the ability to suggest legislation to the legislature. This is referred to as the governor’s power to Feedback: conceptual *a. recommend legislation. b. issue a proclamation. c. issue a veto. d. call a special session.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 11, Objective 8.2 11) During the first sixty days of each legislative session, lawmakers are barred from passing legislation. The constitution allows the governor to declare _______ and have it be prioritized in the first sixty days.

Feedback: conceptual a. an inappropriate use of funding b. a priority item *c. an “emergency” item d. an appropriation Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 12, Objective 8.2 12) Special sessions of the legislature are often nicknamed

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Feedback: conceptual *a. the “governor’s session.” b. the “late-late session.” c. the “lieutenant governor’s session.” d. the “left-over session.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 13, Objective 8.2 13) The governor has vetoed a bill, but the legislature would still like to see this bill become law. How can they accomplish this?

Feedback: applied a. They must convince the governor to sign it. b. They can override the veto with a majority vote in both chambers. *c. They can override the veto with a two-thirds vote in both chambers. d. The Senate can override the veto with a majority vote.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 14, Objective 8.2 14) In order for the governor to issue a pardon he or she needs the support of the Feedback: conceptual a. victim’s family. b. lieutenant governor. *c. Texas Prisons Board. d. attorney general.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 15, Objective 8.2 15) A veto that allows the governor to reject a specific provision in a bill without rejecting the whole bill is called a Feedback: conceptual a. veto. b. special-executive veto. *c. line-item veto. d. budget-item veto.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 16, Objective 8.2 16) As the president is the commander-in-chief of the US military, the Texas governor serves as commander-in-chief of the Texas military forces, except when Feedback: conceptual a. the governor is out of the state. *b. they are called into service of the United States. c. the United States is in a state of war. d. the state of Texas is underfunded.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 17, Objective 8.2 17) The power to reduce or delay punishment for a crime is called granting Feedback: conceptual *a. clemency. b. a pardon. c. a reprieve. d. a reduction.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 18, Objective 8.2 18) The power to forgive a crime is called granting.

Feedback: conceptual a. clemency.

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*b. a pardon. c. a reprieve. d. a reduction.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 19, Objective 8.2 19) The legislature passes a bill which the governor does not want to see become law. He or she can Feedback: applied a. formally reject the bill. *b. veto the bill. c. sign the bill out of law. d. order the legislature to withdraw the bill.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 20, Objective 8.2 20) Governors often veto to bring state policy in line with their Feedback: conceptual a. budget goals. *b. political philosophy. c. personal finances. d. friends’ goals.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 21, Objective 8.2 21) The legislature sends the governor a bill. If the governor ignores the bill for 10 days, what happens?

Feedback: applied a. It goes to the Chief Justice for his or her signature. b. It is automatically vetoed. c. It goes to the lieutenant governor for his or her signature. *d. It becomes law without his or her signature.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 22, Objective 8.2 22) In the aftermath of Hurricane Harvey, Governor Abbott issued _______ declaring the Coastal Bend a disaster area. This allowed emergency responders to begin work.

Feedback: applied a. an executive order *b. a proclamation c. a directive d. legislation Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 23, Objective 8.2 23) The legal process in which the legislative branch has the authority to indict and remove a public official is called Feedback: conceptual a. losing an election. b. executive removal. *c. impeachment. d. indictment.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 24, Objective 8.2 24) During the covid-19 pandemic, Governor Abbott issued _______ which required certain businesses to close.

Feedback: applied *a. an executive order b. a proclamation

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c. a directive d. legislation Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 25, Objective 8.2 25) The governor has the power, with the support of the majority of the Texas Prisons Board, to set aside convictions of those in Texas prisons. This is the _______ power.

Feedback: conceptual *a. pardon b. judicial review c. second-chance d. reentry Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 26, Objective 8.2 26) Suppose the governor believes an urgent matter requires the legislature’s immediate attention, but the legislature is not scheduled to be in session for another year. What can the governor do?

Feedback: applied a. Request the County Judges to convene b. Ask the Texas Supreme Court to step in c. Nothing, the governor must wait *d. Call a special session Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 27, Objective 8.2 27) Legally binding orders from the governor that are used to direct government, especially state agencies, in the execution of law are called Feedback: conceptual *a. executive orders. b. proclamations. c. executive resolutions. d. executive laws.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 28, Objective 8.2 28) On the whole, the number of executive orders and proclamations has _______ over time.

Feedback: conceptual a. dramatically decreased b. decreased c. stayed roughly the same *d. increased Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 29 Objective 8.2 29) Gubernatorial orders that are used to make factual determinations to trigger other available powers are Feedback: conceptual a. executive orders. *b. proclamations. c. executive resolutions. d. executive laws.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 30, Objective 8.2 30) When Governor Abbott suspended more than 200 laws or regulations (from vehicle registration to hotel and motel occupancy taxes) for victims of Hurricane Harvey for 14 days following the storm, he did so using Feedback: applied *a. executive orders.

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b. proclamations. c. executive resolutions. d. executive laws.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 31, Objective 8.2 31) The governor is asked to sign a bill. He likes the bill, but there is one provision he does not like; so he signs the bill, except for the part he does not like. He has just used the _______ veto.

Feedback: applied *a. line-item b. selective c. expansive d. discretionary Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 32, Objective 8.3 32) The governor’s staff communicates with members of the legislature when it is session in order to get legislation passed. This is known as Feedback: applied a. meddling. b. executive legislating. c. keeping score. *d. working the floor.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 33, Objective 8.3 33) To get legislation passed, the governor invites legislators to dinner at her office and offers to endorse legislators in their reelection bids in return for help passing bills favored by the governor. This is an example of Feedback: applied a. logrolling. b. corruption. c. formal powers. *d. informal powers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 34, Objective 8.3 34) The governor is frustrated with the state legislature and sends out a series of tweets criticizing the Texas House. The governor has just Feedback: applied *a. gone public. b. gotten really petty. c. vetoed the bill. d. violated the legislature’s role in the law making process.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 35, Objective 8.3 35) The governor does not get along with a particular lawmaker and regularly vetoes her bills and campaigns against her. This is referred to as Feedback: applied a. meddling. b. violating separation of powers. c. going public. *d. keeping score.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 36, Objective 8.3 36) The governor wants input from citizens on a particular topic. He or she might assemble a group of citizens to study the topic and report back. This is called a

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Feedback: applied a. governor’s study group. *b. citizen advisory group. c. mini-legislature. d. policy institute.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 37, Objective 8.3 37) Informally, the governor serves as the Feedback: conceptual *a. leader of his or her political party. b. county judge for Travis County. c. senior U.S. senator. d. CEO of the Houston Astros.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 38, Objective 8.3 38) Actions governors might take that are not formally written but are exercised through the activities of the governor are called Feedback: conceptual *a. informal powers. b. formal powers. c. unofficial powers. d. official powers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 39, Objective 8.3 39) Governors are granted the formal power to recommend legislation, but they have to work well with members of the legislature to ensure passage of their agenda. This is often referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. “late-night sessions.” *b. “legislative bargaining.” c. “executive coffee breaks.” d. “formal power bargaining.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 40, Objective 8.3 40) Why are some governors better at legislative bargaining than others?

Feedback: conceptual a. The llegislature has passed laws making it easier for the governor to interact with the legislature. b. Legislators have gotten less social over the years. c. It is much easier to bargain with a smart phone than in the old days of landlines. *d. Legislative bargaining comes down to governor personality and strengths.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 41, Objective 8.3 41) A governor can lend his or her personal prestige to candidates for office with the presumption of reciprocal support. This is typically done through Feedback: conceptual a. bargaining. b. nominations. *c. endorsements. d. donations.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 42, Objective 8.3 42) An informal power of the governor to use his or her public platform to set the state’s political and policy agenda is called Feedback: conceptual

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a. giving endorsements. *b. agenda-setting. c. setting policy initiatives. d. using veto power.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 43, Objective 8.3 43) An address that is not constitutionally required but is conventionally delivered at the beginning of a new gubernatorial term known as Feedback: conceptual a. the state of the state address. b. the state of the union address. *c. the inaugural speech. d. the executive address.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 44, Objective 8.3 44) The governor is constitutionally required to give the legislature an update on the state. Often, governors also set their policy agenda in this speech. The speech is called Feedback: conceptual *a. the State of the State Address. b. the State of the Union Address. c. the State of Texas Address. d. the Governor’s Update.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 45, Objective 8.3 45) Just as presidents take their case to the American people, Texas governors frequently speak directly to the citizens of Texas. This persuasion technique is called _______.

Feedback: conceptual a. “going local.” *b. “going public.” c. “using the pulpit.” d. “bullying through speech.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 46, Objective 8.3 46) The governor’s implementation of the budget when the legislature is not in session called Feedback: conceptual a. fiscal implementation. *b. budget execution. c. budget appropriations. d. fiscal appropriations.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 47, Objective 8.3 47) Recent Texas governors have spent a great deal of time on the road trying to lure jobs to the state. For this reason they are sometimes referred to as the state’s Feedback: conceptual *a. “economic cheerleader.” b. “economist.” c. “economist-in-chief.” d. “fiscal leader.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 48, Objective 8.4 48) On paper the governor in Texas is considered Feedback: conceptual a. “moderately strong.”

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b. “moderately weak.” c. “strong.” *d. “weak.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 49, Objective 8.4 49) Which governor served three terms and greatly expanded the power of the Texas governor’s office?

Feedback: factual a. Ann Richards *b. Rick Perry c. Sam Houston d. George W. Bush Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 08 Question 50, Objective 8.4 50) Governor Perry was in office for more than a decade, and Governor Abbott has announced he plans to stand for a third term. Longer time in office _______ the power of the governor.

Feedback: applied a. doesn’t change b. has no impact on c. decreases *d. increases Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 51, Objective 8.1 51) What are the constitutional requirements for becoming governor in Texas?

Feedback: To serve as governor, an individual must be at least thirty years of age and a citizen of the United States and must have resided in Texas for at least five years immediately preceding his or her election. The governor cannot hold any other office (civil, military, or corporate) during their time in office and cannot accept any salary, reward, or compensation (or the promise of these) for any service rendered or preformed while governor.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 52, Objective 8.1 52) What informal qualifications have we seen throughout time, as evidenced by those who have held the governorship?

Feedback: The formal qualifications for governor are minimal, but informal qualifications such as race, gender, profession, political experience, social network, and charm and charisma also factor in. Almost all Texan governors have been white, protestant men with previous political experience.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 53, Objective 8.1 53) What are term limits? Does Texas have term limits?

Feedback: Legal restrictions on the number of terms that an elected official can serve in a specific office. There are no term limits, so an individual can run for governor or member of the state legislature as often as they wish.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 54, Objective 8.1 54) Which governor stayed in office the longest amount of time?

Feedback:

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Governor Perry is tied with Allan Shivers (1949–1957), Price Daniel (1957–1963), and John Connally (1963–1969) for three consecutive elected terms in office, but Governor Perry alone holds the record for years served as governor (14).

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 55, Objective 8.1 55) How may a governor be constitutionally removed from office?

Feedback: Impeachment is a legal process in which the legislative branch has the authority to indict and remove a public official. The state legislature can impeach both elected and non-elected officials. It carries out this process in two stages: impeachment via majority in the House and a trial in the Senate (two-thirds vote).

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 56, Objective 8.1 56) Which governor was impeached and removed from?

Feedback: Only one governor, James E. “Pa” Ferguson, has been impeached in Texas’s history.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 57, Objective 8.1 57) Who was Texas’s first female governor?

Feedback: In 1924, “Pa” Ferguson helped to elect his wife, Miriam A. “Ma” Ferguson to the governor’s office.

The 1924 slogan went “Me for Ma, and I Ain’t Got a Durned Thing Against Pa.” Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 58, Objective 8.1 58) What is “political succession”?

Feedback: The sequential passing of authority from one person to another as the previous people are unable to serve.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 59, Objective 8.2 59) What are executive orders?

Feedback: Legally binding orders from the governor that are used to direct government, especially state agencies, in the execution of law. They are often preceded by proclamations.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 60, Objective 8.2 60) What are proclamations?

Feedback: Gubernatorial orders that are used to make factual determinations to trigger other available powers.

They often precede executive orders.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 61, Objective 8.1 61) Explain the impeachment process and state whether any governors have ever been impeached in Texas. Be as specific as you can.

Feedback: Impeachment is a legal process in which the legislative branch has the authority to indict and remove a public official. The state legislature can impeach both elected and non-elected officials. It carries out this process in two stages. First, the Texas House of Representatives must cast a majority vote in favor of impeachment. Second, the Texas Senate sits as a jury, hearing and evaluating the evidence in a trial setting.

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To convict an individual who has been impeached by the house and remove them from office, twothirds of the senate must agree. Only one governor, James E. “Pa” Ferguson, has been impeached in Texas’s history.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 62, Objective 8.2 62) Explain what an executive order is and how it is different from a proclamation.

Feedback: Governors often issue unilateral executive orders to execute laws. These orders have the force of law and often make use of powers granted to the governor by the legislature. Proclamations are similar to executive orders but are used to make factual determinations (such as a state of emergency) to trigger other available powers (such as the ability to ask for disaster relief funds). These orders often serve purely ceremonial purposes, allowing the governor to play a public role in the political culture of the state. In one of his first actions as Governor, Greg Abbott proclaimed February 2, 2015, as Chris Kyle Day in honor of Chief Petty Officer Chris Kyle.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 63, Objective 8.2 63) Explain the governor’s legislative role.

Feedback: A major function of the governor is to work with the legislature. An effective governor focuses on two or three key goals to push through a sometimes friendly but typically hostile legislature. By constitutional mandate, governors are allowed to “recommend to the Legislature such measures they may deem expedient.” During the first sixty days of each legislative session, lawmakers are barred from passing legislation.

Instead, they focus time organizing each chamber, holding hearings on legislation, and debating issues. Only the governor can break through this line. The constitution allows the governor to declare an “emergency” item and have it be prioritized in the first sixty days. After the biennial 140-day session is over, the governor has the power to call the legislature into special session that can last up to 30 days. All constitutions in Texas have given the governor (or president under the Republic) the power of the veto.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 08 Question 64, Objective 8.4 64) In your view, is the governorship of Texas weak or strong? Back up your claims with specific evidence. Feedback: The Texas governor is a “weak” governor on paper. The framers of the sections on gubernatorial power were so wary when they created the Constitution in 1876 and the rule of former Governor Davis was so despised that there were no serious debates about the role of the chief executive. The strength of a governor’s office depends on the extent to which the governor can appoint other important members of the executive branch, oversee administrative functions of the bureaucracy, veto legislation and the budget, and remove officials from office. The Texas governor has few of these powers. Texas ranks comparatively low on a scale of gubernatorial power. However, if used properly, the governor’s powers allow for significant expansion of executive authority. The example from Governor Perry’s record-breaking number of vetoes in his first term in office makes this clear. Governors can use their power in ways that makes them powerful, if they use it properly.

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Chapter 9 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 1, Objective 9.1 1) In Texas, executive power is split among several independent officials. Texas can be said to have a _______ executive.

Feedback: conceptual a. split b. bureaucratic *c. plural d. diffusion Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 2, Objective 9.1 2) A government organization that implements laws and provides services to individuals is the Feedback: conceptual a. executive branch. b. legislative branch. c. judicial branch. *d. bureaucracy.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 3, Objective 9.1 3) The Texas Commission on Environmental Quality developed standards to minimize air pollution.

These standards are legally binding. The process in which they were created is called Feedback: factual a. legislation. b. implementation. c. regulation crafting. *d. rulemaking.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 4, Objective 9.1 4) The execution, by the bureaucracy, of laws and decisions made by the legislative, executive, or judicial branch, is known as Feedback: conceptual *a. implementation. b. diffusion. c. execution of law. d. rules.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 5, Objective 9.1 5) How does the size of the Texas bureaucracy (per 10,00 people) compare to that other states?

Feedback: factual *a. It is smaller than most other states. b. It is larger than most other states. c. It is about the same. d. Texas does not have a bureaucracy.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 6, Objective 9.1 6) Standards that are established for the function and management of industry, business, individuals, and other parts of government are called Feedback: conceptual *a. regulations.

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b. licenses c. business laws. d. bureaucratic law.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 7, Objective 9.1 7) In order to perform some tasks, such as practicing medicine or working as a plumber, one needs to obtain _______ from the bureaucracy.

Feedback: conceptual a. regulations *b. licensing c. business laws d. bureaucratic law Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 8, Objective 9.1 8) The carrying out of rules by an agency or commission within the bureaucracy, is called Feedback: conceptual a. implementation. b. rule-making. c. licensing. *d. enforcement.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 9, Objective 9.1 9) The health department fines a restaurant for not adhering to rules about cleanliness standards.

This is an example of Feedback: applied a. executive orders. b. lawmaking. c. implementation. *d. enforcement.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 10, Objective 9.1 10) The governor has the least control over what kind of bureaucratic entity?

Feedback: conceptual a. Multimember agencies which the governor appoints b. Hybrid agencies *c. One with an independently elected head d. One with a head the governor appoints Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 11, Objective 9.2 11) Compared to other states, the Texas lieutenant governor has _______ power.

Feedback: factual a. about the same amount of b. less *c. more d. much less Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 12, Objective 9.1 12) The legislature passes a law specifying that it is illegal to put “unsafe levels of toxins” into rivers.

They leave it to the bureaucracy to determine what constitutes unsafe. In this case the bureaucracy has _______ power.

Feedback: applied a. review b. executive

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c. legislative *d. rule-making Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 13, Objective 9.2 13) The lieutenant governor has which power?

Feedback: conceptual a. Impeaching the governor b. Declaring actions of county judges unconstitutional c. Vetoing legislation *d. Appointing committee chairs in the Senate Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 14, Objective 9.2 14) Which member of the plural executive is the state’s lawyer, defending the laws and constitution of the State of Texas by representing it in court?

Feedback: conceptual *a. The attorney general b. The land commissioner c. The lieutenant governor d. The comptroller of public accounts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 15, Objective 9.2 15) Which member of the plural executive handles the state’s finances?

Feedback: conceptual a. The attorney general b. The secretary of the treasury c. The lieutenant governor *d. The comptroller of public accounts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 16, Objective 9.2 16) Which member of the plural executive implements agricultural laws, promotes Texas’s agriculture production, and products and administers school nutrition programs?

Feedback: conceptual a. The attorney general *b. The agriculture commissioner c. The lieutenant governor d. The comptroller of public accounts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 17, Objective 9.2 17) Which department performs regulatory functions, such as protecting consumers from pesticides and certifying organic products?

Feedback: conceptual a. The General Land Office (GLO) b. The secretary of state’s office *c. The Department of Agriculture d. The lieutenant governor’s office Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 18, Objective 9.2 18) Which bureaucratic agency often works on the enforcement of child support payments?

Feedback: conceptual a. The State Board of Education b. The lieutenant governor c. The commissioner of child welfare *d. The attorney general

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 19, Objective 9.2 19) The state’s budget operates on a _______, which means that state funds spent must equal state funds received.

Feedback: conceptual a. layaway system *b. pay-as-you-go system c. deficit spending system d. reduced income taxes system Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 20, Objective 9.2 20) Which member of the plural executive oversees state-owned land, including open beaches and submerged land off the coast in the Gulf of Mexico?

Feedback: conceptual a. The attorney general *b. The commissioner of the General Land Office c. The lieutenant governor d. The comptroller of public accounts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 21, Objective 9.2 21) The General Land Office oversees the _______, which helps fund education.

Feedback: conceptual *a. Permanent School Fund b. STARR Fund c. Longhorn-Aggie Fund d. Governor’s Excellence Fund Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 22, Objective 9.2 22) The Railroad Commissioner is unsure about the legality of a course of action. So, she asks the attorney general for advice. This advice will come in the form of Feedback: applied a. a law review. *b. an advisory opinion. c. a binding precedent. d. a legislation package.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 23, Objective 9.2 23) Members of the plural executive, such as the attorney general, the lieutenant governor, and the comptroller of public accounts, are Feedback: conceptual *a. independently elected in partisan elections. b. appointed by the legislature. c. appointed by the governor. d. appointed by the governor and then reelected in a partisan election.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 24, Objective 9.2 24) Suppose the Senate is voting on a piece of legislation and the vote is tied. How is that tie broken?

Feedback: applied a. The majority leader gets two votes. b. A tie means the bill fails. c. A coin flip breaks the tie. *d. The lieutenant governor votes.

Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Chapter 09 Question 25, Objective 9.2 25) Suppose someone would like to lease state-owned lands for oil and gas production. With whom should they negotiate?

Feedback: applied a. Governor b. Attorney general *c. Commissioner of the General Land Office d. Railroad Commissioner Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 26, Objective 9.2 26) Perhaps the most powerful member of the plural executive is Feedback: conceptual a. the land commissioner. b. the attorney general. *c. the lieutenant governor. d. the comptroller of public accounts.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 27, Objective 9.2 27) The lieutenant governor serves as the _______ of the Texas Senate, meaning that he or she is in charge of the administrative and procedural duties of the chamber.

Feedback: conceptual *a. presiding officer b. minority leader c. chancellor d. director of legislation Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 28, Objective 9.3 28) How is the secretary of state selected in Texas?

Feedback: conceptual a. By the voters in a partisan election *b. By the governor and then confirmed by the Senate c. By the governor only d. By the voters in a nonpartisan election Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 29, Objective 9.3 29) Which official oversees elections in Texas?

Feedback: conceptual a. The attorney general b. The chief justice c. The election chief *d. The secretary of state Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 30, Objective 9.3 30) How is the commissioner of health and human services selected in Texas?

Feedback: conceptual a. By the voters in a partisan election *b. By the governor and then confirmed by the Senate c. By the governor only d. By the voters in a nonpartisan election Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 31, Objective 9.4 31) Bureaucratic organizations staffed by a minimum of three individuals are referred to as Feedback: conceptual

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a. independently elected agencies. b. single-head agencies. *c. multimember agencies. d. hybrid agencies.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 32, Objective 9.4 32) If you get an electricity bill that is alarmingly high, you should contact which multimember agency?

Feedback: applied a. The Department of Transportation b. The Department of Health and Human Services *c. The Public Utility Commission d. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 33, Objective 9.4 33) Which agency is in charge of operation and maintenance of the state’s massive 80,000-mile highway system, in addition to overseeing aviation, railroads, and other public transportation systems in the state?

Feedback: conceptual *a. The Department of Transportation b. The Department of Health and Human Services c. The Public Utility Commission d. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 34, Objective 9.4 34) The _______ protects public health, preserves the natural resources of the state, maintains clean air and water, and assures the safe management of waste.

Feedback: conceptual a. Department of Transportation b. Department of Health and Human Services *c. Texas Commission on Environmental Quality d. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 35, Objective 9.4 35) The Texas Department of Transportation is in charge of Feedback: conceptual *a. the state’s highway system. b. air traffic in Texas. c. clearing traffic jams. d. maintaining sidewalks.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 36, Objective 9.4 36) Which agency is in charge of selling hunting and fishing licenses?

Feedback: conceptual *a. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department b. Sportsman Commission c. Department of the Interior d. Department of Recreation Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 37, Objective 9.5 37) How are members of hybrid agencies selected?

Feedback: factual *a. Some are appointed, some are elected. b. The are appointed by the Senate, then confirmed by the House.

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c. They are initially appointed and then elected. d. Members of the agency vote for their own leaders.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 38, Objective 9.5 38) Which bureaucratic agency oversees curriculum in primary and secondary schools?

Feedback: conceptual *a. State Board of Education b. Board of Regents c. Texas Independent Mega District d. The State Senate Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 39, Objective 9.5 39) Bureaucratic organizations whose leaders are selected by a mixture of appointments and elections are known as Feedback: conceptual a. independently elected agencies. b. single-head agencies. c. multimember agencies. *d. hybrid agencies.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 40, Objective 9.5 40) How are multimember commissioners selected?

Feedback: conceptual *a. Through district or statewide elections b. Through city elections c. Through national elections d. Through appointment Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 41, Objective 9.5 41) Which of the following commissions deals primarily with the regulation of the oil and gas industry?

Feedback: conceptual *a. The Texas Railroad Commission b. The Texas Ethics Commission c. The Texas Oil Commission d. The Public Utility Commission Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 42, Objective 9.5 42) The _______ oversees campaign contributions and regulates and enforces lobbying activities.

Feedback: conceptual a. Texas Railroad Commission *b. Texas Ethics Commission c. State Board of Education d. Public Utility Commission Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 43, Objective 9.5 43) The _______ is responsible for the oversight of public primary and secondary education, setting curriculum standards, and establishing graduation requirements.

Feedback: conceptual a. Higher Education Coordinating Board *b. State Board of Education c. Texas Ethics Commission d. Public Utility Commission

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 44, Objective 9.5 44) Why does the governor have less influence over multimember agencies?

Feedback: conceptual a. All members are appointed at the same time. *b. Member terms are often staggered. c. Members are appointed by the Senate. d. Members are always elected.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 45, Objective 9.6 45) One consequence of a plural executive is policy making is often Feedback: conceptual a. streamlined. b. quick. c. efficient. *d. sluggish.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 46, Objective 9.6 46) What typically happens when an agency is marked to be “sunsetted”?

Feedback: conceptual a. They completely cease to exist. *b. Their responsibilities are transferred to other agencies. c. They immediately stop operating. d. The voters make the ultimate decision.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 47, Objective 9.6 47) Suppose the legislature conducts hearings to determine whether agencies are compliant with legislative policies. These hearings are called Feedback: applied a. markup. b. compliance. c. review. *d. oversight.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 48, Objective 9.6 48) The lieutenant governor also sits on several _______ boards.

Feedback: factual a. county b. judicial c. executive *d. legislative Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 49, Objective 9.6 49) Which bureaucratic agency reviews whether other bureaucratic agencies are still useful to Texas?

Feedback: conceptual a. Small Government Agency b. Texas Ethics Commission *c. Sunset Advisory Commission d. Utility Commission Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 09 Question 50, Objective 9.6 50) While the governor appoints many members of the bureaucracy, the legislature can _______ members of the bureaucracy.

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Feedback: conceptual a. imprison *b. set minimum qualifications for c. dismiss d. fire for any reason Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 51, Objective 9.1 51) Describe the plural executive in Texas.

Feedback: The diffusion of authority and power throughout several entities in the executive branch and the bureaucracy. Done so out of distrust of centralized executive power.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 52, Objective 9.1 52) Define bureaucracy.

Feedback: A government organization that implements laws and provides services to individuals.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 53, Objective 9.1 53) Bureaucrats engage in implementation. What does this mean?

Feedback: The execution by the bureaucracy of laws and decisions made by the legislative, executive, or judicial branch.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 54, Objective 9.1 54) Why do bureaucrats “get a bad rap”?

Feedback: Politicians engage in “bureaucracy bashing” as a foil for their inability to make government work to their liking. Reporters often highlight the worst abuses, such as the denial of workers’ compensation claims, to hold the government responsible, but these events may be isolated incidents.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 55, Objective 9.2 55) Why Is the lieutenant governor important in Texas?

Feedback: The lieutenant governor’s duties are primarily managerial, but their legislative responsibilities make them a very powerful force in state government. The lieutenant governor serves as the presiding officer of the Texas Senate, meaning that he or she is in charge of the administrative and procedural duties of the chamber. As the leader of the Texas Senate, the lieutenant governor uses discretion in following the chamber’s rules on proper parliamentary procedures, and deciding when a bill will come up for a vote.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 56, Objective 9.1 56) Explain the “plural executive” in Texas and how this diffuses power.

Feedback: Infighting weakens an already weak executive branch, but it is an inevitable result of the plural executive. The Texas Constitution fragments political power and policy management on purpose, so no single individual, group, or agency has the power to control government. The people elect the most powerful officers of the executive branch, including the lieutenant governor, the attorney general, the comptroller of public accounts, the land commissioner, and positions in dozens of boards and commissions that shape the policy direction of the state. The governor does not appoint many of them and has no direct authority over them.

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Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 57, Objective 9.1 57) Describe the Texas bureaucracy. What do bureaucrats do? How does the size of our bureaucracy compare to other states?

Feedback: The state agencies that administer financial assistance to college students and regulate standards of the state’s hair, nail, and beauty salons are all part of the bureaucracy. Bureaucracies set up a hierarchical chain of command: employees at each level report to a single boss. The legislature or governor assigns each agency its own specialized mission, such as dispensing financial aid or regulating cosmetology standards. As a result, bureaucrats in these agencies have knowledge of or experience in a single issue or topic needed to carry out their mission. Bureaucracies need staff to operate. Because of the size of the land mass, the number of businesses, the number of people, and the size of the economy, the executive bureaucracy in Texas is necessarily huge. However, when compared to other states, Texas has fewer bureaucrats per person—approximately 1 bureaucrat for every 3,500 Texas residents.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 58, Objective 9.2 58) Name the members of the plural executive that are elected. Why do they have autonomy?

Feedback: The lieutenant governor, the attorney general, the comptroller of public accounts, the commissioner of the general land office, and the agricultural commissioner are all independently elected members of the executive branch. None of these positions are beholden to the governor for their position, so they have a sizeable degree of autonomy. They are only accountable to the voters. They do not have to work together like a presidential cabinet, or even be of the same party.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 59, Objective 9.2 59) Explain the position of the lieutenant governor in Texas. What makes the role so powerful?

Feedback: Unlike lieutenant governors in other states, and unlike the US vice president, the Texas lieutenant governor plays a formidable role within both the executive and legislative branches. The lieutenant governor’s duties are primarily managerial, but their legislative responsibilities make them a very powerful force in state government. Since the end of the Second World War, the lieutenant governor has had a significant say in the administration of the state and lawmaking in Texas. The lieutenant governor serves as the presiding officer of the Texas Senate, meaning that he or she is in charge of the administrative and procedural duties of the chamber.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 09 Question 60, Objective 9.2 60) Explain the position of the attorney general in Texas. What role does he or she play in Texas politics?

Feedback: The attorney general (AG) is the state’s lawyer, defending the laws and constitution of the State of Texas by representing the state in court. The attorney general provides legal services to the governor, state agencies, and local and state government entities. The AG’s actions and opinions can actively shape state policies. When requested, the AG’s office will file suit on behalf of state agencies in court The Texas Constitution does not specify that the attorney general be a licensed attorney, only that they “represent the state” in various legal capacities.

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Chapter 10 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 01, Objective 10.1 1) The _______ role is to interpret Texas laws in matters ranging from minor criminal offenses to interpreting the Texas Constitution.

Feedback: conceptual a. legislative branch’s b. executive branch’s *c. judicial branch’s d. party system’s Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 02, Objective 10.1 2) The official territory and types of cases over which a court exercises authority is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. jurisdiction. b. authority. c. criminal adjudication. d. appellate ruling.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 03, Objective 10.1 3) The court in which the case is first heard is referred to as the court of Feedback: conceptual *a. original jurisdiction. b. appellate jurisdiction. c. criminal jurisdiction. d. original authority.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 04, Objective 10.1 4) The authority of a court to review a case first heard by a lower court is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. original jurisdiction. *b. appellate jurisdiction. c. criminal jurisdiction. d. original authority.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 05, Objective 10.1 5) Cases in which the government brings suit against the defendant for violating the law and the government must prove the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt are Feedback: conceptual *a. criminal cases. b. civil cases. c. appeals cases. d. political cases.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 06, Objective 10.1 6) Cases in which individuals, corporations, or the government bring suit against another party and must prove that a harm was done to them beyond a “preponderance of evidence” are Feedback: conceptual a. criminal cases. *b. civil cases.

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c. appeals cases. d. political cases.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 07, Objective 10.1 7) The _______ of the court also allows for higher courts to check bad decisions or incorrect rulings by lower courts.

Feedback: applied a. criminal nature b. adversarial nature *c. hierarchical nature d. political nature Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 08, Objective 10.1 8) How does Texas compare to other states in terms of the number of trial courts we have inside the state?

Feedback: factual a. Texas has the fewest trial courts. *b. Texas has the most trial courts. c. Texas has slightly more than an average number of trial courts. d. Texas has slightly less than an average number of trial courts.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 09, Objective 10.1 9) The highest criminal offense under state or federal law is called a Feedback: conceptual a. misdemeanor. *b. felony. c. indictment. d. Class 1-A. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 10, Objective 10.1 10) The class of criminal offenses that are minor wrongdoings, such as truancy or jaywalking, are called Feedback: conceptual *a. misdemeanors. b. felonies. c. indictments. d. Class 1-As. Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 11, Objective 10.1 11) Law that is established when judges apply past decisions by courts—called legal precedents—to the facts of a new case before them is called Feedback: conceptual a. historical law. b. mosaic law. *c. common law. d. civil law.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 12, Objective 10.1 12) Courts that review legal issues of cases decided by lower courts are called Feedback: conceptual a. justice courts. b. county courts at law. c. district courts.

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*d. appellate courts.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 13, Objective 10.2 13) _______ are trial courts that handle most major criminal and civil cases, including murder, drug trafficking, contested elections, and civil cases involving high amounts of monetary damages—any amount over $200.

Feedback: conceptual a. Municipal courts b. County courts at law *c. District courts d. Criminal courts of appeal Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 14, Objective 10.2 14) The process by which there is official recognition and registration of the validity of the last will and testimony of a person is called Feedback: conceptual a. an appeal. b. a first hearing. *c. probate. d. a final judgment.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 15, Objective 10.2 15) Someone is involved in a multimillion-dollar personal injury case and is told his/her case will begin in the state district court. (S)he insists the case should begin at the Texas Supreme Court. Why can this case not begin at the Texas Supreme Court?

Feedback: applied a. The Texas Supreme Court doesn't hear civil cases at all. *b. The Texas Supreme Court lacks original jurisdiction in the case. c. The county judge gets to decide where cases begin. (S)he isn't required to take the litigants’ preferences into account. d. The Texas Supreme Court is just too busy to hear any more cases.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 16, Objective 10.2 16) Someone is charged with violating an El Paso ordinance that prohibits loud music after 10:00 pm.

This case will begin in Feedback: applied *a. municipal court. b. district court. c. statutory county court. d. the court of appeals.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 17, Objective 10.2 17) When a single judge presides and decides guilt or innocence and punishment without a jury, it is a called a _______ trial.

Feedback: conceptual a. common *b. bench c. voir dire d. municipal Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 18, Objective 10.2 18) When a group of individuals selected for service decides on guilt or innocence, this is a called a _______ trial.

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Feedback: conceptual a. common b. bench *c. jury d. municipal Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 19, Objective 10.2 19) If you dump something in violation of city ordinances or if you are caught with alcohol as a minor, you’ll end up in Feedback: applied a. the Supreme Court. b. county court. c. district court. *d. municipal court.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 20, Objective 10.2 20) _______ in Texas have original and exclusive jurisdiction over violations of city ordinances and over Class C misdemeanors, the lowest level of punishment severity of all misdemeanors.

Feedback: conceptual a. Justice courts b. County courts c. District courts *d. Municipal courts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 21, Objective 10.2 21) Every county has at least one _______, which generally hear relatively minor offenses.

Feedback: conceptual *a. justice court b. county court c. district court d. municipal court Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 22, Objective 10.2 22) In urban counties, the constitutional commissioner's court rarely hears judicial matters. Instead, the disputes it would normally hear are handled by the Feedback: conceptual a. municipal court. *b. statutory commissioner's court. c. district court. d. court of appeals.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 23, Objective 10.2 23) The chief executive of each county is called a _______ and has both judicial and executive powers.

Feedback: conceptual *a. county judge b. municipal judge c. supreme court justice d. district court judge Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 24, Objective 10.3 24) The justices in _______ may decide the case based upon the brief alone or they may hear oral arguments, during which attorneys for both sides present their cases in person to the justices.

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Feedback: conceptual a. justice courts b. county courts at law c. district courts *d. appellate courts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 25, Objective 10.3 25) Amicus curiae briefs can be filed by interested parties that are not directly involved in a case, providing an avenue for outside groups to have a say in the judicial process. Amicus curiae means Feedback: conceptual a. “enemy of the court.” *b. “friend of the court.” c. “advisor of the court.” d. “lawyer of the court.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 26, Objective 10.3 26) A document, which may be written after judges make a decision, expresses the view of the judges, and may explain their reasoning on a particular case is called a(n) Feedback: conceptual a. statement. *b. opinion. c. sentence. d. viewpoint.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 27, Objective 10.3 27) Suppose a third party would like to give input to the court on a pending case. They can do so via Feedback: applied a. inviting the judges to an informational seminar. b. testifying during open court. c. scheduling a lobbying session. *d. an amicus curiae brief.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 28, Objective 10.3 28) Texas has a system of two supreme courts. This is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. dual structure. b. uni-structure. c. diffusion of power. d. appellate duo.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 29, Objective 10.3 29) Texas has a dual court structure in order to make the judicial system more Feedback: conceptual *a. efficient. b. unique. c. complicated. d. slow.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 30, Objective 10.3 30) The intermediate courts of appeals are divided by Feedback: conceptual a. race of the parties. b. type of crime. *c. geography.

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d. age of the parties.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 31, Objective 10.3 31) The court of last resort for all criminal matters is the Feedback: conceptual a. district supreme court. b. Texas Supreme Court. *c. Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. d. county court of criminal appeals.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 32, Objective 10.3 32) The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals must review what kinds of cases?

Feedback: conceptual *a. Death penalty b. Robbery c. Assault d. Crimes against elected officials Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 33, Objective 10.3 33) If a case does not involve criminal law, the court of last resort is the Feedback: conceptual a. Court of Appeals. *b. Texas Supreme Court. c. County Constitutional Court. d. Court of Civil Appeals.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 34, Objective 10.3 34) Cases required to be heard by a specific court are referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. mandatory review cases. b. appellate court cases. c. supreme review cases. d. criminal court review cases.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 35, Objective 10.3 35) The _______ deals primarily with civil matters and juvenile justice.

Feedback: conceptual a. district supreme court *b. Texas Supreme Court c. Texas Court of Criminal Appeals d. county court of criminal appeals Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 36, Objective 10.3 36) The leader of the Texas Supreme Court is referred to as the Feedback: conceptual *a. chief justice. b. chancellor. c. law lord. d. judicial leader.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 37, Objective 10.3 37) Texas has two courts of last resort, the Texas Supreme Court and the

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Feedback: conceptual *a. Texas Court of Criminal Appeals. b. Supreme Criminal Tribunal. c. Privy Council. d. Supreme Criminal Court.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 38, Objective 10.3 38) Suppose all of the members of an appellate court hear a case together. They are said to be sitting Feedback: conceptual a. en masse. *b. en banc. c. together. d. in full.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 39, Objective 10.4 39) Suppose a judge really enjoys her job. Why might she have to retire?

Feedback: applied a. Judges are not paid. b. Judges are only allowed to serve two terms in a row. *c. Texas has a mandatory judicial retirement age. d. Texas limits judges to 20 years total on the bench in their career.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 40, Objective 10.4 40) One reason judges leave office is Feedback: conceptual a. very competitive elections. b. judges have a hard time with all of the negative press they get. c. strict term limits. *d. low judicial pay.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 41, Objective 10.4 41) The workload (in cases) of the judiciary is referred to as the court’s Feedback: conceptual *a. caseload. b. per diem. c. working structure. d. hourly load.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 42, Objective 10.4 42) When a case is off the court’s docket, generally by being heard or dismissed, this is known as being Feedback: conceptual a. cleared off. *b. disposed of. c. cleaned from the docket. d. wiped out.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 43, Objective 10.5 43) Suppose a judge is accused of misconduct. (S)he will likely be reviewed by Feedback: applied a. the County Judge’s Assembly. b. the Governor’s Council on Judicial Behavior. c. the House Judiciary Committee.

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*d. the State Commission on Judicial Conduct.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 44, Objective 10.5 44) The state legislature would like to remove a judge from office. They can do so via Feedback: applied a. a concurrent resolution. *b. impeachment. c. a vote of no confidence. d. a voice vote.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 45, Objective 10.5 45) Compared to other races, judicial elections tend to have Feedback: conceptual a. higher turnout. b. about the same level of turnout. *c. lower turnout. d. no turnout; all judges are appointed by the governor.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 46, Objective 10.5 46) Nearly all judges in Texas are chosen by Feedback: conceptual *a. partisan elections. b. gubernatorial selection. c. merit selection. d. nonpartisan elections.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 47, Objective 10.6 47) Which is true of the Texas judiciary in recent years?

Feedback: conceptual a. It has ample resources. b. It is less diverse. c. There are now fewer courts. *d. It is more diverse.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 48, Objective 10.6 48) What tends to explain the lack of success by Hispanic judicial candidates for appellate courts?

Feedback: conceptual a. The quality of the law school the candidate went to b. Judicial experience *c. Partisanship d. Whether they’ve met the judge Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 10 Question 49, Objective 10.7 49) A nonpartisan way to select judges, in which a commission selected by state officials sends recommendations to the governor and the governor then selects the nominees from that list, is known as Feedback: conceptual a. partisan elections. b. gubernatorial selection. *c. merit selection. d. nonpartisan elections.

Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Chapter 10 Question 50, Objective 10.7 50) What differentiates judicial elections in nonpartisan and partisan systems?

Feedback: conceptual a. Campaign signs are forbidden in partisan races. b. Candidates are not allowed to talk about politics in nonpartisan races. *c. Candidates’ political parties are not listed in nonpartisan races. d. Judges are simply appointed by the governor in nonpartisan races.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 51, Objective 10.1 51) Explain the role of the judicial system in Texas.

Feedback: The judicial system’s role is to interpret Texas laws in matters ranging from minor criminal offenses to interpreting the Texas Constitution.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 52, Objective 10.1 52) What is “original jurisdiction”?

Feedback: The court in which the case is first heard.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 53, Objective 10.1 53) What is “appellate jurisdiction”?

Feedback: The authority of a court to review a case first heard by a lower court.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 54, Objective 10.1 54) Explain the components of a “criminal case.”

Feedback: Criminal cases involve cases in which the government brings suit against the defendant for violating the law and in which the defendant must be proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 55, Objective 10.1 55) Explain what the components of a “civil case” are.

Feedback: Cases in which individuals, corporations, or the government bring suit against another party and must prove that the harm was done to them beyond a “preponderance of evidence.”

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 56, Objective 10.1 56) How does Texas compare to other states in the number of total trial courts we have in our state?

Feedback: Texas ranks #1 in the total number of trial courts.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 57, Objective 10.1 57) Explain the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor.

Feedback: A felony is the highest criminal offense under state or federal law. A misdemeanor is a class of criminal offenses that are minor wrongdoings.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 58, Objective 10.1 58) Explain “common law.”

Feedback:

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Texas courts interpret law by relying on legal traditions—the Texas Constitution, legislation, and common law. Common law is established when judges apply past decisions by courts—called legal precedents— to the facts of a new case before them.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 59, Objective 10.2 59) Give an example of when you may use a municipal court.

Feedback: If you dump something in violation of city ordinances or if you are caught with alcohol as a minor, you’ll end up in this court. Municipal courts in Texas have original and exclusive jurisdiction over violations of city ordinances and over Class C misdemeanors, the lowest level of punishment severity of all misdemeanors.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 60, Objective 10.2 60) What do state district courts handle?

Feedback: District courts are trial courts that handle most major criminal and civil cases, including murder, drug trafficking, contested elections, and civil cases involving high amounts of monetary damages—any amount over $200. The district courts are often the first rung on the ladder of the criminal justice system, so many criminal cases begin here.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 61, Objective 10.1 61) Explain how judges interpret law in the state of Texas.

Feedback: Texas courts interpret law by relying on legal traditions—the Texas Constitution, legislation, and common law. These decisions then become binding as future courts consider similar cases. In making these decisions, the judicial branch not only delivers justice, but it also acts as a check on the legislative and executive branches. In their haste to make new laws and revise old laws in 140 days, the legislature often writes laws that are unclear, vague, misleading or, on occasion, unconstitutional. The Texas Supreme Court sorts out contradictions or clarifies legislative meaning. The courts often take on political roles, acting to check or maintain legislative decisions by determining whether legislation is constitutional. When state interests clash with business or citizens’ interests, the court’s job is often to sort out competing claims. The courts in Texas are not expressly designed to promote popular sovereignty.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 62, Objective 10.2 62) Describe the system of trial courts in the state of Texas.

Feedback: Trial courts hear both criminal and civil cases. In these lowest level courts, witnesses are heard, evidence is presented in the form of exhibits, testimony is taken, and ultimately a verdict is passed down. There are several levels of trial courts in Texas: local, county, and state trial courts. Each type of trial and appellate court hears different types of cases. This includes local courts, such as municipal and justice courts, as well as county and district level courts.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 63, Objective 10.3 63) Explain the appellate court system in the state of Texas.

Feedback:

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The first (lowest) level of appeals courts are the courts of appeals organized into fourteen districts.

These courts agreed to review only 10 percent of appealed cases in 2015. However, many of the courts of appeals cases involve mandatory review, primarily felony convictions in cases without the death penalty. Each court of appeals has a chief justice and at least two other justices. When cases are heard, three justices hear the case, unless an en banc hearing is ordered where all of the justices of the court hear and consider the case. In each case, a determination is made by a majority of the justices. Appellants have one court for criminal matters and one court for civil matters. This creates a dual structure where cases are sorted by the type of issue. The Texas Court of Criminal Appeals makes final determinations in all criminal matters, including applying (or not) the death penalty. The Texas Supreme Court deals primarily with civil matters and juvenile justice. The Texas Supreme Court can either order monetary or equitable relief (directing the losing party to do something or not do something).

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 64, Objective 10.4 64) What are some of the challenges that the judicial system faces in today’s environment?

Feedback: The caseload facing the courts is large, with 9 million cases disposed over in 2018. The length of time an individual’s case takes to work through the system is another measure of the efficiency of the judiciary system. Low salaries may impact the ability of the state to attract quality judges. Many argue that the wealthy are at an advantage in the court system.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 10 Question 65, Objective 10.5 65) Explain the process of judicial selection in Texas.

Feedback: There are two ways to become a judge or justice in Texas: appointment or partisan election. Election to office is the standard way that judges and justices are selected, and most obtain their seats in this manner. If there is an unexpected vacancy on a court at the district court level or higher, the Texas Constitution allows the governor to make a temporary judicial appointment until the next general election, in which that individual would have to run as a candidate. The justices (courts of appeals, Texas Court of Criminal Appeals, and Texas Supreme Court) are elected statewide to six-year terms, which are staggered so that not all of the justices are up for reelection at the same time. Judges to lower-level trial courts are elected to four-year terms (or two for some municipal courts). The frequency of the election of trial court judges holds them strongly accountable to the public to whom they must justify their legal rulings to get reelected.

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Chapter 11 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 1, Objective 11.1 1) The legal grounds law enforcement uses to make an arrest or conduct a search is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. Sixth Amendment rights. b. search and seizure. *c. probable cause. d. a warrant.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 2, Objective 11.1 2) When law enforcement agents search an accused’s property and collect any evidence relevant to the alleged crime, it is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. Sixth Amendment rights. *b. search and seizure. c. probable cause. d. a warrant.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 3, Objective 11.1 3) In addition to providing rights for the criminally accused, Texas law provides rights for those impacted by some crimes. This is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. crime mitigation. b. witness protections. c. innocence protection. *d. victim’s rights.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 4 Question 4, Objective 11.1 4) Suppose a criminal defendant cannot afford a lawyer and needs one appointed by the court. That defendant is said to be Feedback: applied *a. indigent. b. out of luck. c. penniless. d. disattorneyed.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 5, Objective 11.1 5) Which Texas demographic feels the most favorably toward law enforcement?

Feedback: conceptual *a. Anglo b. African American c. Hispanic d. Asian Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 6, Objective 11.1 6) Which Texan demographic feels the least favorably toward law enforcement?

Feedback: conceptual a. Anglo *b. African American

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c. Hispanic d. Asian Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 7, Objective 11.2 7) How long do those convicted of misdemeanors usually wait for sentencing?

Feedback: factual a. About 7-10 business days b. About six months c. About a week *d. Usually sentenced immediately Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 8, Objective 11.2 8) Crimes are classified into two primary categories: Feedback: conceptual a. misdemeanors and civil suits. *b. misdemeanors and felonies. c. misdemeanors and class actions. d. felonies and civil suits.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 9, Objective 11.2 9) The _______ is responsible for the supervision and rehabilitation of juveniles—aged ten to sixteen—in the criminal justice system.

Feedback: conceptua a. Juvenile Center of Texas b. Texas Delinquent Department c. Minor Division of Texas *d. Texas Juvenile Justice Department Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 10, Objective 11.2 10) An appointed person to represent the best interests of a child, if a parent will not or cannot fill the responsibility, is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. minor support. *b. a guardian ad litem. c. sponsorship. d. an adolescent figure support.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 11, Objective 11.2 11) Which demographic of Texans has the highest percentage of incarcerated individuals?

Feedback: factual a. White *b. African American c. Hispanic d. Asian Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 12, Objective 11.2 12) _______ is where maintenance of a prison facility is outsourced to a private firm; this saves money, but also creates controversy.

Feedback: conceptual a. Community-run prisons b. Publicly assisted prisons *c. Privatization of prisons d. Hierarchical prisons

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 13, Objective 11.2 13) Sentencing a convicted individual to death is commonly referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. community service. b. time left to serve. *c. the death penalty. d. incarceration.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 14, Objective 11.2 14) Compared to the rest of the nation, Texans are _______ of the death penalty Feedback: conceptual a. much less supportive b. about as supportive *c. more supportive d. less supportive Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 15, Objective 11.2 15) The majority of inmates on death row are Feedback: factual a. Anglo. *b. African American. c. Hispanic. d. Asian.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 16, Objective 11.2 16) The death penalty is Feedback: conceptual a. available only if the defendant has a prior conviction. b. available if the jury wants it. c. only available in some counties. *d. limited to a specific subset of crimes.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 17, Objective 11.2 17) When deciding whether to release someone convicted of a violent crime, the state must consider the safety of the victim. This is because of Feedback: conceptual a. Governor Abbott’s promise to Texans. b. the Texas Promise. c. common sense. *d. victim’s rights.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 18, Objective 11.2 18) Misdemeanors are Feedback: conceptual a. eligible for long terms in prison. *b. relatively minor offenses. c. death-penalty eligible. d. often why people lose the right to vote.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 19, Objective 11.2 19) An example of a misdemeanor is

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Feedback: conceptual a. murder. *b. truancy. c. kidnapping. d. aggravated robbery.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 20, Objective 11.2 20) At what stage of the criminal justice process does the defendant enter a plea?

Feedback: conceptual a. Voir dire b. The trial *c. The arraignment d. The sentencing Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 21, Objective 11.2 21) Not paying child support is Feedback: conceptual a. handled by the Texas Rangers. b. never enforced. *c. a felony. d. a federal crime.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 22, Objective 11.2 22) Generally speaking, which group is more supportive of the death penalty in Texas?

Feedback: conceptual *a. Conservatives b. Liberals c. Young people d. Socialists Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 23, Objective 11.3 23) A plea where a defendant does not admit guilt, but is not contesting the underlying facts, is called Feedback: conceptual *a. a no contest plea. b. a guilty plea. c. a not guilty plea. d. plea bargaining.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 24, Objective 11.3 24) The initial appearance of the accused in court is Feedback: conceptual a. a bail hearing. *b. an arraignment. c. a jury trial. d. a grand jury indictment.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 25, Objective 11.3 25) Before a prosecutor can indict someone, (s)he must first secure an indictment from a Feedback: conceptual a. petit jury. b. prosecutors’ council. c. city council *d. grand jury.

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Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 26, Objective 11.3 26) _______ is where the defendant agrees to a lesser set of charges than initially charged by the prosecutors.

Feedback: conceptual *a. A plea bargain b. An arraignment c. A recognizance d. Voir dire Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 27, Objective 11.3 27) _______ is where jurors are questioned by attorneys and judges in court to determine if a potential juror is biased, cannot deal with the issues fairly, or knows a party to the case.

Feedback: conceptual a. A plea bargain b. An arraignment c. Recognizance *d. Voir dire Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 28, Objective 11.3 28) In the early days of Texas, those convicted of crimes were often sentenced to Feedback: conceptual a. solitary confinement. b. whipping in the streets. c. banishment. *d. hard labor.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 29, Objective 11.3 29) A contract where the accused is temporarily released from prison on the condition that he or she pay a sum of money to guarantee an appearance in court is Feedback: conceptual a. house arrest. b. good faith release. *c. bail. d. temporary respite.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 30, Objective 11.3 30) A prison that is not operated directly by the state is a _______ prison.

Feedback: conceptual a. rogue *b. private c. public d. judicial Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 31, Objective 11.3 31) Since the 1980s, Texas's prison population has grown. This is because of Feedback: conceptual *a. the “tough on crime” legislation passed in the 1980s. b. the massive crime wave in the 1990s. c. people being more violent today. d. an increasing number of death sentences.

Type: multiple choice question

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Title: Chapter 11 Question 32, Objective 11.3 32) As prison population surged in the 1990s, Texas began to Feedback: conceptual *a. develop alternative sentences. b. release prisoners much earlier. c. ignore low level crimes. d. decriminalize recreational drugs.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 33, Objective 11.3 33) Someone pleads guilty to a crime, but the judge delays sentencing and tells the defendant that if (s)he completes a diversion program, the charges will be dismissed. This defendant is benefiting from Feedback: applied a. a soft-on-crime judge. *b. deferred adjudication. c. an arraignment. d. incarceration.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 34, Objective 11.3 34) Originally, prisons were largely expected to _______ through prison labor.

Feedback: conceptual a. produce fine art b. guard themselves *c. support themselves d. provide community outreach Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 35, Objective 11.3 35) Over the past 20 years, the number of death sentences given by Texas courts has Feedback: factual a. increased. *b. decreased. c. stayed the same. d. fallen to zero; Texas abolished the death penalty.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 36, Objective 11.3 36) Another term for community supervision is Feedback: conceptual *a. probation. b. bail. c. sentencing. d. indictment.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 37, Objective 11.3 37) A capital offense is one that Feedback: conceptual a. occurs in Austin. b. makes the evening news. *c. is eligible for the death penalty. d. is a misdemeanor.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 38, Objective 11.3 38) The state’s lawyer, who is responsible for bringing charges against accused lawbreakers, is a Feedback: conceptual *a. prosecutor.

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b. district lawyer. c. solicitor general. d. judge advocate general.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 39, Objective 11.3 39) During voir dire, each attorney gets a certain number of _______, which can be used to strike a juror without having to provide a reason.

Feedback: conceptual a. amicus curiae b. no-question removals c. juror excuses *d. peremptory challenges Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 40, Objective 11.4 40) Someone is convicted and sentenced to 10 years in prison. But, (s)he is released from prison after nine years. This person has been Feedback: applied a. acquitted. b. pardoned. *c. paroled. d. probationed.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 41, Objective 11.4 41) States in which region tend to have the harshest restrictions on felons after prison?

Feedback: conceptual a. The Pacific Northwest b. New England *c. The South d. The Great Lakes Region Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 42, Objective 11.4 42) After leaving prison, convicts are barred from certain jobs and are not eligible for certain government benefits. These are called Feedback: conceptual a. lingering effects. b. just deserts. c. probation terms. *d. collateral consequences.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 43, Objective 11.4 43) When do those convicted of felonies regain their right to vote in Texas?

Feedback: conceptual a. Never b. After leaving prison c. When on probation *d. Only after completing all aspects of their sentence, including probation Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 44, Objective 11.5 44) Which Texans have the most difficulty in posting bail?

Feedback: conceptual a. High-income persons *b. Low-income persons c. Older people

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d. Younger people Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 45, Objective 11.5 45) In part because of advances in DNA testing, Texas leads the nation in Feedback: factual a. racial diversity on death row. *b. death row exonerations. c. death row pardons. d. prison education.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 46, Objective 11.5 46) One issue that Texas prisons have faced in recent years is Feedback: conceptual *a. suicides. b. underfilled prisons. c. prisoners refusing to go on parole. d. an overwhelming number of violent offenders.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 11 Question 47, Objective 11.5 47) In recent years, the Texas Department of Criminal Justice has begun training officers to Feedback: conceptual a. use technology to track inmates. b. speak multiple languages. c. efficiently tackle inmates. *d. spot mental health crises.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 48, Objective 11.1 48) Explain “probable cause.”

Feedback: The legal grounds law enforcement uses to make an arrest or conduct a search.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 49, Objective 11.1 49) Define “search and seizure.”

Feedback: Where law enforcement agents search an accused’s property and collect any evidence relevant to the alleged crime.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 50, Objective 11.1 50) Explain Texans’ views on law enforcement.

Feedback: Anglo residents feel most favorable toward law enforcement, followed by Latinos. African Americans are less likely to have a very favorable opinion of law enforcement and are much more likely to have an unfavorable opinion than any other racial group.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 51, Objective 11.2 51) Define a “misdemeanor.”

Feedback: Misdemeanors can range from Class A, the most severe, to Class C, the least. The most common Class C misdemeanor is a traffic offense (speeding). Other Class C misdemeanors are minor theft, usually shoplifting, a minor in possession of alcohol, or leaving a child unattended in a vehicle.

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Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 52, Objective 11.2 52) Provide an example of a felony.

Feedback: Felonies in Texas range from failure to pay child support to murder.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 53, Objective 11.1 53) Explain the rights of both the accused and victims in the state of Texas.

Feedback: Police officers are required to have probable cause to question a suspect. This assures the accused is protected from an unreasonable search and seizure. Most of these rights of the accused are guaranteed both by the U.S. Constitution and the Texas Constitution. The Texas Constitution guarantees several rights to crime victims and their families. Victims of crimes such as sexual assault, kidnapping, aggravated robbery or other criminal bodily harm are entitled to protection by law enforcement, the right to be informed about the progress of a case at various points, and the right to have the court take their safety into account on release of their attacker from a correctional facility. The legislature also created the Crime Victim’s Compensation Act to provide funds to victims for loss of property, personal injury or death.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 54, Objective 11.1 54) Explain Texans’ attitudes toward police, and how race plays a role in this.

Feedback: Anglo residents feel most favorable toward law enforcement, followed by Latinos. African Americans are less likely to have a very favorable opinion of law enforcement and are much more likely to have an unfavorable opinion than any other racial group. African Americans generally have a disproportionate amount of negative interactions with law enforcement, leading to diminished trust between the groups. Highly visible tragedies involving African Americans and law enforcement officers contribute to a widening gap in approval of law enforcement between African Americans and other racial groups in Texas.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 55, Objective 11.2 55) Describe the differences between the different types of misdemeanors and felonies in Texas.

Feedback: Misdemeanors can range from Class A, the most severe, to Class C, the least. The most common Class C misdemeanor is a traffic offense (speeding). Other Class C misdemeanors are minor theft, usually shoplifting, a minor in possession of alcohol, or leaving a child unattended in a vehicle. Felonies in Texas range from failure to pay child support to murder and vary in punishment from short prison sentences to death by lethal injection. The circumstances of the crime also play a part in sentencing. Felonies range from third degree to capital crimes.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 56, Objective 11.3 56) Explain the pretrial phase.

Feedback: Texans look to the state and municipal government to handle criminal justice, and the state has created a bureaucracy to administer justice. The judicial proceedings take two steps in Texas: pretrial and trial. In the pretrial stage bail is set.

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Bail is a contract where the accused is temporarily released from prison on the condition that he or she pay a sum of money to guarantee an appearance in court. Arraignment is the initial appearance of the accused in court. A grand jury determines, in conjunction with the prosecutor, whether there is sufficient evidence to bring criminal charges in serious cases against a defendant.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 11 Question 57, Objective 11.3 57) Explain the trial phase.

Feedback: For jury trials, a jury must be selected through voir dire, from the French “to see to speak,” where jurors are questioned by attorneys and judges in court to determine if a potential juror is biased, cannot deal with the issues fairly, or knows a party to the case. A defendant must enter a plea in response to the charges. The plea can be guilty, not guilty, or no contest, where a defendant does not admit guilt but is not contesting the underlying facts. No contest pleas allow the defendant to accept punishment from the court but avoid admitting guilt. Sentencing could include jail, probation, fines, restitution, and community service.

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Chapter 12 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 1, Objective 12.1 1) A ruling that established that state governments can place restrictions on municipalities as long as these rules do not violate the state’s constitution is called Feedback: conceptual a. the 10th Amendment. b. local ordinances. c. preemption. *d. Dillon’s Rule.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 2, Objective 12.1 2) City governments “legislate” by using _______, the local law of a municipal area, passed by a city council.

Feedback: conceptual a. the 10th Amendment *b. ordinances c. preemption d. Dillon’s Rule Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 3, Objective 12.1 3) A region that is not a part of a city is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. a special district. *b. an unincorporated area. c. city land. *d. wildlands.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 4, Objective 12.2 4) The chief executive of each county is referred to as the Feedback: conceptual a. county mayor. *b. county judge. c. county commissioner. d. county administrator.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 5, Objective 12.2 5) Each county commissioner district must be about equal in terms of Feedback: factual a. land area. *b. population. c. number of cities. d. number of schools.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 6, Objective 12.2 6) Suppose a disaster strikes a county. Which county level official oversees the county’s response?

Feedback: factual

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a. The mayor of the largest city b. The sheriff c. The district judge *d. The county judge Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 7, Objective 12.2 7) What are the largest expenditures for county governments?

Feedback: factual *a. Roads, bridges, and the county jail b. Tourism ads c. Schools d. Community centers Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 8, Objective 12.2 8) The county sheriff is chosen by Feedback: factual a. all of the sheriff’s deputies. b. the county judge. c. all of the police chiefs in the county. *d. voters.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 9, Objective 12.2 9) The chief law enforcement officer for the county is the Feedback: factual *a. sheriff. b. county judge. c. county police chief. d. county general.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 10, Objective 12.2 10) Which official oversees elections at the county level?

Feedback: factual a. The sheriff b. The vice judge c. The election’s chief *d. The county clerk Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 11, Objective 12.2 11) At the top of county government is the county judge and the Feedback: factual a. Council of Cities. b. Sheriff’s Assembly. c. County Council. *d. Commissioner’s Court.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 12, Objective 12.2 12) The county’s chief prosecutor in district court is the Feedback: factual *a. district attorney.

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b. solicitor general. c. county prosecutor. d. first attorney.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 13, Objective 12.2 13) Over time, the number of local governments in Texas has increased because of _______ and population growth.

Feedback: conceptual a. contaction b. ruralization *c. urbanization d. diffusion Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 14, Objective 12.3 14) County government structure is set by Feedback: factual a. the governor. b. the largest city in the county. *c. the state legislature. d. the Council of County Judges.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 15, Objective 12.3 15) A city that is only allowed to operate under the laws that the state provides is a Feedback: conceptual *a. general law city. b. home rule city. c. municipality. d. county-run institution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 16, Objective 12.3 16) A city that is allowed self-governance independent of state law is a Feedback: conceptual a. general law city. *b. home rule city. c. municipality. d. county-run institution.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 17, Objective 12.3 17) A city’s governing document is its Feedback: conceptual *a. charter. b. ordinance. c. constitution. d. reformatory.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 18, Objective 12.3 18) Most cities with more than _______ residents are home rule cities.

Feedback: factual a. 500

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*b. 5,000 c. 1 million d. 5 million Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 19, Objective 12.3 19) _______ is a process whereby local voters can directly propose ordinances to city charters.

Feedback: conceptual *a. An initiative b. An ordinance c. A constitutional amendment d. A reform Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 20, Objective 12.3 20) A procedure through which local voters can repeal existing ordinances that the city council will not is called Feedback: conceptual a. an initiative. *b. a referendum. c. a recall. d. a reform.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 21, Objective 12.3 21) _______ is a process through which voters can oust sitting members of the city government before their terms are up. a. An initiative b. A referendum *c. A recall d. A reform Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 22, Objective 12.3 22) The joining of unincorporated land into the boundary of an existing city is known as Feedback: conceptual a. an initiative. b. a referendum. c. a recall. *d. annexation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 23, Objective 12.4 23) A system of local government headed by an elected mayor and a city council, is a _______ system.

Feedback: conceptual *a. mayor-council b. commission c. council-manager d. city manager Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 24, Objective 12.4 24) In what type of system of city government do mayors have the most influence?

Feedback: applied *a. A mayor-council system

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b. A commission government c. A council-manager system d. A city manager government Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 25, Objective 12.4 25) A commission government is sometimes called the Feedback: conceptual *a. “Galveston Plan.” b. “Harris County Plan.” c. “San Antonio Plan.” d. “College Station Plan.”

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 26, Objective 12.4 26) A _______ is a system of local government in which the city council appoints a city manager to run city business.

Feedback: conceptual a. mayor-council system b. commission government c. council-manager system *d. city manager government Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 27, Objective 12.4 27) An administrator hired to run the day-to-day operations in a city is called a Feedback: conceptual a. mayor-council. b. commission government. c. council-manager. *d. city manager.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 28, Objective 12.4 28) Currently, no city in Texas uses the _______ form of government.

Feedback: factual *a. commission b. strong-mayor c. weak-mayor d. council-manager Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 29, Objective 12.5 29) Compared to other states, Texas has _______ special districts.

Feedback: factual a. far less b. no *c. more d. slightly less Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 30, Objective 12.5 30) Community colleges are typically operated by Feedback: factual a. school districts.

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b. cities. c. nearby universities. *d. junior or community college districts.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 31, Objective 12.5 31) Someone buys a home in a development. They may fall under the jurisdiction of a Feedback: applied *a. home owner’s association. b. new home covenant. c. property management collective. d. neighborhood corporation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 32, Objective 12.5 32) If someone lives in the jurisdiction of a home owner’s association, membership is Feedback: factual a. optional. b. by invite only. c. optional, but strongly encouraged. *d. mandatory.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 33, Objective 12.5 33) A single-purpose government that performs a specialized function is called a Feedback: conceptual *a. special district. b. school district. c. special improvement district. d. junior/community college district.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 34, Objective 12.5 34) A special district which sets standards for K–12 education is known as Feedback: conceptual a. a future district. *b. a school district. c. an economic improvement. d. a junior/community college district.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 35, Objective 12.5 35) A city is facing a major expense, but it is short on money. It might _______ in order to pay for the expense.

Feedback: applied *a. issue a bond b. apply for a loan from the Bank of Texas c. ask the legislature to let it go into debt d. ask the federal government to print more money Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 36, Objective 12.5 36) A _______ provides water, sewage, drainage, and other services within a fixed boundary. These districts deal primarily with the supply of water, including protection, conservation, and storage.

Feedback: conceptual a. hospital district

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b. school district *c. municipal utility district (MUD) d. special district Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 37, Objective 12.5 37) _______ provide for the creation, maintenance, and operation of hospitals. Districts have considerable financial power, including the ability to issue bonds and impose taxes.

Feedback: conceptual *a. Hospital districts b. School districts c. Municipal utility districts (MUDs) d. Special districts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 38, Objective 12.6 38) What is true of local elections?

Feedback: factual a. They are for five year terms. b. They generally have high turnout. c. They are partisan. *d. They are non-partisan.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 39, Objective 12.6 39) Elections for the county judge and county sheriff are Feedback: factual *a. partisan elections. b. non-partisan elections. c. only held when a new governor is elected. d. open only to those who live in cities.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 40, Objective 12.6 40) Voter turnout for city and county elections is typically Feedback: factual a. very high. b. high. c. about the same as presidential elections. *d. low.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 41, Objective 12.6 41) The county judge and commissioners are elected to Feedback: factual a. two-year terms in partisan elections. *b. four-year terms in partisan elections. c. two-year terms in nonpartisan elections. d. four-year terms in nonpartisan elections.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 42, Objective 12.6 42) An electoral system in which voters elect council members from a citywide area, but that specifies separate seats carved into districts, is called Feedback: conceptual *a. a place system. b. a multimember system.

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c. a single-member district system. d. an at-large system.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 43, Objective 12.6 43) A voting system in which voters cast multiple votes (usually equal to the positions in an election) is called Feedback: conceptual a. a place system. *b. cumulative voting. c. single-member voting. d. an at-large system.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 44, Objective 12.7 44) As the city of Austin has grown it has spread into the undeveloped land surrounding it. As a result, traffic is bad and wildlife turns up in residential neighborhoods. Austin is suffering from Feedback: applied a. a lack of planning. b. urbanism. *c. sprawl. d. wildlife takeover.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 45, Objective 12.7 45) Suppose a city would like to redevelop a part of its downtown. It might attract businesses by creating a Feedback: applied a. media campaign. b. city ambassador program. c. neighborhood corporation. *d. tax increment reinvestment zone.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 46, Objective 12.7 46) Given the number of overlapping local government units, it is common for _______ to occur Feedback: conceptual a. regular meetings b. efficient coordination c. extensive cooperation *d. duplication of efforts Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 47, Objective 12.7 47) _______ aim to coordinate local governments across a geographic area.

Feedback: conceptual a. State senators b. Regional districts *c. Councils of government d. Central committees Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 48, Objective 12.7 48) A given piece of property can only be used for single-family residential homes. This property has been _______ by the city Feedback: applied a. dedicated

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*b. zoned c. tyrannized d. specified Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 49, Objective 12.7 49) One of the biggest expenses facing local governments is Feedback: factual a. school bus maintenance. b. litter pickup. *c. pensions. d. election administration.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 12 Question 50, Objective 12.7 50) A city takes out a loan to pay for a project and agrees to pay the funds back with interest. This is called a Feedback: conceptual a. local bond. *b. municipal bond. c. contemporary bond. d. helping bond.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 12 Question 51, Objective 12.1 51) What is Dillon’s Rule?

Feedback: In 1868, Dillon’s rule, named after the Iowa justice whose legal rulings founded the principle, established that state governments can place restrictions on municipalities as long as these rules do not violate the state’s constitution.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 12 Question 52, Objective 12.2 52) What is an “unincorporated area?

Feedback: A region that is administered as part of a county not a city.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 12 Question 53, Objective 12.2 53) Describe the structure of county and government, and the role of the leadership.

Feedback: At the top of county government are the county judge and commissioner’s court. Each Texas county is run by a county judge and a commissioner’s court made up of four county commissioners. These commissioners serve four-year terms and represent districts that must have equal populations, as decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in Avery v. Midland County (1968). County judges are frequently called on to manage crises that occur in their jurisdictions, as they are responsible for homeland security and emergency management in their counties. County commissioners adopt a tax rate for the county, oversee a budget that they use to establish public works projects, and maintain county buildings and facilities. The largest expenditures are infrastructure (roads or bridges) and maintenance of the county jail.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 12 Question 54, Objective 12.3 54) Explain the differences between “general law” and “home rule” cities.

Feedback:

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In the nineteenth century, the Texas legislature passed general laws that define the structure and powers of general law cities. If a general law city has not been specifically granted authority to act by the legislature, it may not undertake the action. General law cities, for example, may not add mandatory fees to utility bills without permission of the state. Home rule city charter serves as the municipality’s organizational plan, similar to a state or national constitution. A city charter establishes the form of government, sets the rules for operation and amendment, and establishes procedures for taxing and spending city finances.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 12 Question 55, Objective 12.4 55) Describe the three ways cities may govern themselves.

Feedback: Today cities govern themselves in different ways: a mayor-council form, a council-manager form, or a commission form. In a mayor-council system, a mayor acts as executive and a city council acts as a legislative body, enacting ordinances and adopting rules. There are strong and weak mayor-council systems. In a weak-mayor system, the mayor has no formal authority to act outside of the council. The mayor lacks veto power, and other important city officers, such as the treasurer or department heads, are elected by the people. In strong-mayor systems, the mayor has legislative powers (voting on many matters and presiding over city council meetings) and executive powers are often exercised unilaterally. The mayor can often take a wide range of independent action, with little input from the council or the public. A commission government is called the “Galveston Plan,” as this form of government is a result of the catastrophic Galveston hurricane of 1900 that claimed more than 6,000 lives and caused millions of dollars in property damage. The commission served as the legislative and executive body for the city, handling taxation, appropriations, ordinances, and other functions. A council-manager system runs the government like a corporation. In a council-manager system, the board of directors (the city council) acting on behalf of stockholders (the people) appoint a chief executive officer (city manager) to run city business. The city manager runs the day-today operations in the city, and serves as the chief administrator and budget officer for the city.

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Chapter 13 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 01, Objective 13.1 1) The income a state receives from taxes, fees, and other sources is known as Feedback: conceptual a. syndicated income. b. expenditures. *c. revenue. d. allotments.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 02, Objective 13.1 2) Texas lacks _______ tax.

Feedback: factual a. a franchise b. a gas c. sales *d. income Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 03, Objective 13.1, Objective 13.1 3) The _______ is the state’s largest single source of tax income.

Feedback: factual a. income tax b. property tax *c. sales tax d. municipal bond Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 04, Objective 13.1 4) Which of the following is NOT an argument for increasing the gas tax?

Feedback: factual *a. Modern cars cause more wear and tear on roads. b. Fuel economy has gone up. c. The cost of construction supplies has gone up. d. The cost of labor has gone up.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 05, Objective 13.1 5) A tax that extracts a larger percentage of the earnings of low-income persons than that of high-income persons is Feedback: conceptual a. an allocative tax. b. a grandfather tax. *c. a regressive tax. d. a progressive tax.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 06, Objective 13.1 6) The process by which local governments set the value of a piece of property for tax purposes is called Feedback: conceptual

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a. valuation. b. gouging. c. price-shopping. *d. appraisal.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 07, Objective 13.1 7) State taxes levied on alcohol and tobacco are known as Feedback: conceptual a. deviance taxes. b. morality taxes. *c. sin taxes. d. party taxes.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 08, Objective 13.1 8) When there is an economic downturn, sales tax collections Feedback: applied *a. fall. b. are stopped. c. rise. d. plateau.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 09, Objective 13.2 9) When you renew your license plates you must pay _______ to the state.

Feedback: applied a. extortion b. a bribe c. a fine *d. a fee Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 10, Objective 13.1 10) The sales tax is considered to be a Feedback: applied a. property tax. *b. regressive tax. c. grandfather tax. d. progressive tax.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 11, Objective 13.2 11) When you get a speeding ticket you must pay _______ to the state.

Feedback: applied a. extortion b. a bribe *c. a fine d. a fee Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 12, Objective 13.1 12) School districts are primarily funded by Feedback: factual a. sales taxes.

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*b. property taxes. c. ticket revenue at high school football games. d. gas taxes.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 13, Objective 13.1 13) Why might someone argue their home is worth less than the value the state assesses?

Feedback: applied a. Higher assessments require service in the city government. b. A lower assessment increases the number of scholarships you’re eligible for. c. A lower assessment makes you eligible for government money for renovations. *d. A lower assessment means less in property taxes.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 14, Objective 13.1 14) Which group is not eligible for an exemption in property taxes?

Feedback: factual *a. First responders b. Veterans c. Senior citizens d. Disabled persons Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 15, Objective 13.1 15) The _______ taxes corporations 0.5–1% of their total revenue Feedback: conceptual *a. franchise tax b. income tax c. corporate tax d. big business tax Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 16, Objective 13.1 16) Compared to other states, Texas’ property taxes are quite high. Why is this?

Feedback: applied a. Texas has a lot of really desirable property. b. Texas is so vast that it requires more money to run. *c. Texas lacks an income tax. d. Texas believes everyone should contribute to helping others via taxes.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 17, Objective 13.1 17) Property taxes are assessed based upon the Feedback: factual a. length of ownership of the property being taxed. *b. value of the property the taxpayer owns. c. net value of the owner. d. number of children in a family.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 18, Objective 13.1 18) A property is valued at $100,000, but the property owner only has to pay taxes on $75,000. Why is this?

Feedback: applied a. The property is likely located in one of the state’s tax havens. *b. The homestead exemption applies.

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c. The property assessor undervalued the property. d. The low-tax exemption applies.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 19, Objective 13.1 19) In addition to the homestead exemption, some might someone get an additional tax exemption by being a Feedback: factual a. friend of the governor. b. business owner. *c. veteran. d. college graduate.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 20, Objective 13.1 20) During the covid-19 pandemic, more people stayed home and fewer people traveled. This resulted in less gasoline sales. What impact did this have on the gas tax?

Feedback: applied a. It increased revenues. *b. It lowered revenues. c. It forced the state to charge more at the pump. d. The state suspended the gas tax to get more people to drive.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 21, Objective 13.1 21) If you own a house worth $200,000, you will pay more in income property taxes than if your house is worth $100,000. This is because the property tax is a(n) _______ tax.

Feedback: applied a. variable b. popular c. ex post facto *d. ad valorum Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 22, Objective 13.1 22) Which taxes apply the same to everyone, regardless of income?

Feedback: factual a. Progressive taxes *b. Regressive taxes c. Fair taxes d. Tyrannical taxes Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 23, Objective 13.1 23) The oil and natural gas tax is also known as the _______ tax Feedback: factual a. resource b. west Texas c. fossil *d. severance Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 24, Objective 13.1 24) The sales tax is higher in some counties than in others. Why is this?

Feedback: applied *a. Counties can add up to 2% to the base sales tax rate.

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b. The state often punishes counties with higher sales tax rates. c. When a county gets road improvements they must pay for it via a higher sales tax. d. When schools perform poorly, the state raises the sales tax in that county to improve the school.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 25, Objective 13.1 25) The gas tax funds road construction and Feedback: factual a. state parks. *b. schools. c. police. d. sports stadiums.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 26, Objective 13.1 26) Taxes imposed on the sale of alcohol and tobacco and on some forms of gambling, and fees imposed on “sexually oriented” businesses, are called Feedback: conceptual a. sales taxes. b. gas taxes. *c. “sin” taxes. d. franchise taxes.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 27, Objective 13.1 27) Raising taxes is always unpopular. What form of tax do voters object the least to raising?

Feedback: factual a. Gas b. Property c. Income *d. Sin Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 28, Objective 13.1 28) When the price of oil falls, Texas Feedback: applied a. produces more oil to make up for the difference. b. sees its revenues increase. c. sees no change in revenue, all of the oil has been presold. *d. sees its revenue decrease.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 29, Objective 13.2 29) Texas maintains the _______ for fiscal emergencies.

Feedback: conceptual *a. Rainy Day Fund b. Governor’s Discretionary Fund c. Legislative Bank d. County Land Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 30, Objective 13.2 30) Why are Texans so opposed to the income tax?

Feedback: applied a. Income taxes are already high.

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*b. It runs against the state’s political culture. c. It would expand the size of the state bureaucracy. d. Doing taxes would take twice as long.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 31, Objective 13.2 31) Which type of tax provides the most stable funding source during an economic downturn?

Feedback: applied a. Franchise tax b. Gas tax c. Sales tax *d. Income tax Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 32, Objective 13.2 32) The tax Texans dislike the most is the _______ tax.

Feedback: factual *a. property b. sin c. margins d. sales Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 33, Objective 13.2 33) Which group generally likes taxes the least?

Feedback: factual *a. Republicans b. Democrats c. Younger people d. Religious people Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 34, Objective 13.2 34) A payment for a service rendered is referred to as Feedback: conceptual *a. a fee. b. a fine. c. a tax. d. a settlement.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 35, Objective 13.3 35) Every bill must contain _______ that estimates how much the bill will generate or cost if passed.

Feedback: conceptual *a. a fiscal note. b. an appropriations bill. c. a budget bill. d. a pay-as-you go document.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 36, Objective 13.3 36) The state comptroller provides _______ at the beginning of each regular session.

Feedback: conceptual *a. a biennial revenue estimate b. a fiscal note

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c. an appropriations summary d. a budget request Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 37, Objective 13.3 37) Legislation that specifies what spending the state will undertake is referred to as Feedback: conceptual a. a biennial revenue estimate (BRE). b. a fiscal note. *c. an appropriations bill. d. a budget request.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 38, Objective 13.3 38) The state comptroller reviews the budget to _______ that the anticipated revenue will be sufficient to cover the appropriations.

Feedback: conceptual a. analyze b. submit c. evaluate *d. certify Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 39, Objective 13.3 39) Texas uses a _______, in which the legislative branch and the executive branch coordinate to propose, shape, and pass a biennial budget.

Feedback: conceptual a. governor-led budgeting process b. multimember budgeting process *c. dual budgeting process d. legislature-led budgeting process Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 40, Objective 13.3 40) One budget trick that legislators use to “make room” for increased spending is the use of Feedback: conceptual *a. deferrals. b. referendums. c. debts. d. dual budgets.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 41, Objective 13.3 41) When the state takes in revenue, it is first held in _______ before being allocated for its specific purpose.

Feedback: conceptual a. the Permanent School Fund b. the Governor’s Discretionary Fund *c. general revenue funds d. the Legislative Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 42, Objective 13.3 42) The total amount of money the state can spend is called Feedback: conceptual *a. expenditures.

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b. revenue. c. gross income. d. spending power.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 43, Objective 13.3 43) Mistrust of executive power led the framers of the 1876 Constitution to institute a budget process where the governor Feedback: conceptual a. has total control over the process. b. is completely shut out of the process. *c. must work with the legislature. d. must work with the county judges.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 44, Objective 13.3 44) The budget bill contains directives telling agencies how to collect and spend funds. These are called Feedback: conceptual *a. riders. b. reminders. c. specifications. d. regulations.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 45, Objective 13.3 45) The legislature would like to pass a bill, but doesn’t have the funds to pay for it right now. How can they still pass it?

Feedback: applied a. By running a deficit *b. By using a deferral c. By asking Congress to print more money d. By writing a bad check Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 46, Objective 13.3 46) Before the governor can sign the budget (appropriations) bill, it must be certified by the Feedback: applied *a. comptroller. b. lieutenant governor. c. secretary of the treasury. d. secretary of state.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 47, Objective 13.3 47) The Legislative Budget Board (LBB) works with the _______ to prepare the budget.

Feedback: factual a. budget director *b. governor c. county judges d. mayors Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 48, Objective 13.3 48) The llegislature passes budgets for two fiscal years at a time. Why is this?

Feedback: applied

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a. It is more efficient to pass two at a time. *b. The legislature only meets every other year. c. The budget process is complicated, so they just want to get it over with. d. One year the legislature focuses on the budget; the other year it focuses on other legislation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 13 Question 49, Objective 13.3 49) The budget rule that states that Texas cannot spend more money than it receives in revenue is known as Feedback: conceptual *a. the “pay as you go” rule. b. the expenditure rule. c. budget diversification. d. the general revenue allocation rule.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 50, Objective 13.1 50) How does Texas bring in revenue?

Feedback: The state receives revenue from taxes, fees, and other sources.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 51, Objective 13.1 51) Explain the significance of the sales tax.

Feedback: Since 1967, the sales tax has served as the state’s largest single source of tax income. The state sets the rate at 6.25 percent and local government can add up to 2 percent to this (most of which do).

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 52, Objective 13.1 52) What is a regressive tax?

Feedback: A tax that exacts a larger percentage of the earnings of low-income than of high-income individuals.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 53, Objective 13.1 53) Describe property taxes in Texas.

Feedback: Property taxes (called ad valorem, meaning “according to value”) are assessed based upon the value of the property the taxpayer owns. Although the state outlawed state-based property taxes in 1982, local governments use property tax revenue to fund schools, utility systems, fire and police protection, public libraries, parks, and other services. Most of the revenue from property taxes supports public schools and the state kicks in the rest.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 54, Objective 13.1 54) What are “sin” taxes in Texas?

Feedback: Taxes imposed on the sale of alcohol and tobacco and on some forms of gambling, and fees imposed on “sexually oriented” businesses.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 55, Objective 13.2 55) Which taxes do Texans like the least?

Feedback:

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Property taxes Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 56, Objective 13.3 56) What is the “pay as you go” system?

Feedback: Texas is constitutionally required to balance its budget. This is because Texas is a “pay as you go” state, meaning the government cannot spend more money than it receives in revenue.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 57, Objective 13.3 57) What is the dual budgeting process in Texas?

Feedback: The legislative branch and executive branch coordinate to propose, shape, and pass a biennial budget.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 58, Objective 13.1 58) Explain the two taxes that Texas relies on most heavily for state revenue.

Feedback: Texas is a two-tax state: most revenue comes from property taxes (45 percent), which funds local governments, followed by sales taxes (27 percent) used by the state. Since 1967, the sales tax has served as the state’s largest single source of tax income. The state sets the rate at 6.25 percent and local government can add up to 2 percent to this (most of which do). These base funds are collected for use by the state, while the extra sales tax funds are returned to cities by the comptroller for city projects and programs. Sales tax is a regressive tax because the tax rate is the same for everyone. Property taxes are collected primarily by school districts (25 percent) but cities, counties, and special districts also levy small amounts.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 59, Objective 13.1 59) Make an argument for why Texas avoids the use of the income tax. Do you think this is good for Texas?

Feedback: The concept of income tax runs against the grain of the individualistic political culture that most Texans embrace. It is a progressive tax: the more a person earns, the more a person pays. A progressive tax theoretically takes a larger percentage of income from someone earning more money than someone earning less money—this is based on a concept of “ability to pay.” So, from one perspective, income taxes punish those who make more money.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 60, Objective 13.2 60) Other than sales and property taxes, what are sources of revenue for the state of Texas? Discuss whether there are restrictions on what these funds can be spent.

Feedback: Franchise (business) taxes: 6.5% of the total tax receipts in 2017. This is a 0.5–1% tax for all corporations, partnerships, business trusts, LLCs, and other businesses (not paid by most small businesses and nonprofits).

Usually used to shore up budget shortfalls. Oil and Gas taxes: 4.2% of tax revenue. Not a stable source of revenue as they can be altered by international events, technology, and natural occurrences. No increases since 1951 due to friendly relationship with oil and energy sector. Car taxes: $3.5 billion in revenue and static at 20 cents per gallon. Made up 9% of revenue in 2015. Needs to be increased to keep pace with increased costs of building and maintaining roads (15 cents per gallon), but no one has stomach for it. Remaining 5 cents per gallon goes to education.

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Sin taxes are imposed on the sale of alcohol, tobacco, and some forms of gambling, and a fee is imposed for “sexually oriented businesses.” Account for 5.5% of total revenue in 2017. Raised countless times since 2000 because it is “easier to swallow.” Fines and fees: $11 billion in fines paid in 2017, $3.4 billion in fines levied in last decade, but only half paid.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 61, Objective 13.2 61) Explain the reasons behind the Rainy Day Fund and it’s current state.

Feedback: After 1983 economic recession, in 1988 voters approved the establishment of the Economic Stabilization Fund-the “Rainy Day Fund.” Revenue from oil and natural gas production goes into the fund, as well as any surplus funds and interest on the fund. Texas puts a large percentage of per capital state expenditure into fund (third only after Wyoming and Alaska). Fund has lots of money—over $11 billion. Badge of honor for politicians not to touch fund. Many argue transportation and education would be better use of funds. In 2015, voters diverted half of what would go into ESF into State Highway Fund.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 13 Question 62, Objective 13.3 62) Explain the basics of the budget making process in Texas.

Feedback: Texas is constitutionally required to balance its budget. This is because Texas is a “pay as you go” state, meaning the government cannot spend more money than it receives in revenue. The most significant restraining rule is the spending cap, which restricts budget growth from the previous biennial budget to the estimated growth of Texas economy. The Legislative Budget Board (LBB) estimated the growth between 2014 and 2015 at 11.68 percent, giving legislators $94 billion to work with. Texas uses a dual budgeting process, in which the legislative branch and executive branch coordinate to propose, shape, and pass a biennial budget.

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Chapter 14 Test Bank Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 01, Objective 14.1 1) In order for an issue to get on the agenda, there must first be a Feedback: applied a. fiscal opening. *b. triggering factor. c. slow news day. d. new legislative session.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 02, Objective 14.1 2) One consequence of low taxes in Texas is that _______ also low.

Feedback: applied a. salaries are b. population growth is *c. government services are d. business growth is Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 03, Objective 14.1 3) The policy process is best described as a Feedback: conceptual *a. cycle. b. two-sided arrow. c. pyramid. d. black hole.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 04, Objective 14.1 4) In 2020, Texas was impacted by the covid-19 pandemic. Facing a budget shortfall, some began to call for marijuana legalization. In this case, the pandemic is Feedback: applied a. and initial spark. b. a fiscal motivator. c. a policy failure. *d. a triggering factor.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 05, Objective 14.1 5) The placement of an issue onto the public agenda is known as Feedback: conceptual a. policymaking. b. policy adoption. *c. agenda setting. d. evaluation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 06, Objective 14.1 6) The final phase of the policymaking process, in which lawmakers and experts review the policy and its outcomes, is known as

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Feedback: conceptual a. policymaking. b. policy adoption. c. agenda setting. *d. evaluation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 07, Objective 14.2 7) Texans who are temporarily out of work, through no fault of their own, may qualify for up to 52 weeks of Feedback: conceptual a. social assistance. b. Medicare. *c. unemployment benefits. d. Social Security benefits.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 08, Objective 14.2 8) If someone is injured while at work, their medical treatment and time away from the job may be covered by Feedback: applied a. Medicaid. *b. Worker’s Compensation. c. Social Security. d. unemployment benefits.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 09, Objective 14.2 9) It is difficult to qualify for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) in Texas because Feedback: applied a. most Texans are too proud to ask for help. b. Texas has been phasing the program out. *c. Texas has stringent requirements for the program. d. the program is only available in the biggest cities.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 10, Objective 14.2 10) During the covid-19 pandemic, the state adjusted unemployment benefits by Feedback: applied a. doubling the payments. *b. extending the length of time someone can qualify for benefits. c. requiring all applicants to work as contact tracers. d. closing the program.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 11, Objective 14.2 11) Compared to other states, Texas has _______ citizens that are uninsured.

Feedback: factual a. no b. about an average number of *c. the most d. the least Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 12, Objective 14.2 12) Policies that transfer wealth from those who have more to those who have less are called Feedback: conceptual

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*a. redistributive policies. b. unequal policies. c. libertarian polices. d. distributive policies.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 13, Objective 14.2 13) A national health insurance program for older Americans, sixty-five and above, funded by a payroll tax, premiums, and surtaxes, and administered by the federal government, is named Feedback: conceptual *a. Medicare. b. Medicaid. c. Obamacare. d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 14, Objective 14.2 14) Medical coverage for low-income Texans, provided by the federal government, is called Feedback: conceptual a. Medicare. *b. Medicaid. c. Obamacare. d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 15, Objective 14.2 15) Which agency administers the state’s Medicaid program?

Feedback: factual *a. The Texas Health and Human Services Commission b. The Social Security Administration c. The CHIP Commission d. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 16, Objective 14.2 16) A federal program that is run by the states to provide health coverage to children whose families make too much to qualify for Medicaid but not enough to buy private insurance is named Feedback: conceptual a. Medicare. b. Medicaid. *c. Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 17, Objective 14.2 17) The Patient Protection and Affordable Care act (PPACA), is commonly referred to as Feedback: factual a. Medicare. b. Medicaid. *c. Obamacare. d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 18, Objective 14.2 18) The Social Security program was enacted during

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Feedback: factual a. the Reagan administration. b. the Civil War. c. the 2008 Great Recession. *d. the Great Depression.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 19, Objective 14.2 19) Which group relies most heavily on Social Security for retirement income in Texas?

Feedback: factual *a. Hispanics b. Asian Americans c. African Americans d. Anglos Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 20, Objective 14.2 20) Which group of elderly is most likely to live below the poverty line?

Feedback: factual *a. Hispanics b. Asian Americans c. African Americans d. Anglos Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 21, Objective 14.2 21) Income-measured programs that provide aid to individuals and families with low incomes are _______ programs.

Feedback: conceptual *a. means-tested b. entitlement c. healthcare d. elderly Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 22, Objective 14.2 22) A program that provides financial and medical assistance to needy children and their parents or relatives is called Feedback: conceptual a. Medicare. b. Medicaid. *c. Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). d. Social Security.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 23, Objective 14.3 23) Most foreign born people in Texas are from Feedback: factual a. South America. *b. Mexico and Central America. c. Asia. d. Africa.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 24, Objective 14.3

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24) What is undocumented immigrants’ relationship with Social Security?

Feedback: factual a. They don’t pay into it and cannot benefit from it. b. They pay into it and benefit from it. c. They don’t pay into it, but can benefit from it. *d. They pay into it, but cannot benefit from it.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 25, Objective 14.3 25) In recent years, Texans rank _______ to be one of the most important problems facing the state.

Feedback: factual *a. undocumented immigration b. taxes c. school quality d. pollution Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 26, Objective 14.3 26) Ultimately, border security is under the jurisdiction of the Feedback: factual a. attorney general. b. border counties. c. Texas Rangers. *d. federal government.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 27, Objective 14.3 27) The children of undocumented immigrants Feedback: factual *a. cannot be denied access to public schools. b. may not attend school. c. can only attend school if their parents pay a fee. d. are deported immediately once discovered.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 28, Objective 14.3 28) Ultimately, undocumented immigrants Feedback: factual a. commit the majority of crimes in Texas. b. generate less money for the state than they cost the state. *c. generate more money for the state than they cost the state. d. are deported by the Texas Rangers.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 29, Objective 14.3 29) Compared to other states, Texas has _______ undocumented immigrants.

Feedback: factual a. no *b. one of the highest numbers of c. one of the lowest numbers of d. bbout an average number of Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 30, Objective 14.3 30) What event prompted a rise in deportations in the latter half of the 2010s in Texas?

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

Feedback: factual a. Governor Abbott ordered the Texas Rangers to increase enforcement. *b. President Trump’s executive order expanded federal deportation efforts. c. Congress agreed to let Texas handle the border itself. d. The border counties decided to take over immigration enforcement.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 31, Objective 14.4 31) Education funding that comes from general revenue is held in the Feedback: conceptual a. Permanent School Fund. b. School District Fund. *c. Foundation School Fund. d. Temporary School Fund.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 32, Objective 14.4 32) Funding for Texas K–12 schools relies heavily on _______ taxes Feedback: conceptual a. income b. sin *c. property d. sales Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 33, Objective 14.4 33) As Texas grows more diverse, Texas schools are largely Feedback: conceptual *a. segregated. b. diverse. c. well funded. d. performing the best in the nation.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 34, Objective 14.4 34) _______ programs allow students and their families to use government funds at a private school of their choice.

Feedback: conceptual a. School accountability b. Tax redirection *c. Voucher d. Agency Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 35, Objective 14.4 35) In recent years, what approach has Texas taken to combatting bullying?

Feedback: factual a. The legislature leaves it to the school district. b. Texas schools deny bullying is a problem. c. Texas has taken a lax approach. *d. Texas has taken a strong approach.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 36, Objective 14.4

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

36) The fund that contains the money from the state’s long-term investment and that pays for public education is called the Feedback: conceptual *a. Permanent School Fund. b. Available School Fund. c. K–12 School Fund. d. Higher Education Fund.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 37, Objective 14.4 37) Annual transfers from the permanent school fund to school districts are placed into the Feedback: conceptual a. Permanent School Fund. *b. Available School Fund. c. K–12 School Fund. d. Higher Education Fund.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 38, Objective 14.4 38) The current school finance structure, which redistributes tax money from wealthy school districts to poorer ones, is known as Feedback: conceptual a. the Golden Pennies plan. b. the Demitrio plan. c. the captive plan. *d. the Robin Hood plan.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 39, Objective 14.4 39) School districts may lose tax funding when Feedback: applied a. local governments cancel their fiscal contributions to the schools. b. taxpayers’ children graduate and they are no longer required to pay school taxes. *c. businesses take advantage of tax breaks to avoid property taxes. d. the football team fails to advance in the playoffs.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 40, Objective 14.4 40) When it comes to education, Texas consistently ranks _______ other states.

Feedback: factual a. higher than most *b. lower than most c. about the same as d. dead last among Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 41, Objective 14.4 41) Which groups have the highest graduation rates in Texas?

Feedback: factual a. African-American and Hispanic b. Anglo and Hispanic *c. Anglo and Asian d. Asian and Hispanic Type: multiple choice question

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

Title: Chapter 14 Question 42, Objective 14.5 42) Proceeds from the _______ help fund the University of Texas and Texas A&M University.

Feedback: conceptual *a. Permanent University Fund b. Permanent School Fund c. Longhorn-Aggie Fund d. sale of license plates Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 43, Objective 14.5 43) The most explosive growth in higher education has come from _______ in Texas.

Feedback: applied *a. community colleges b. public universities c. public universities offering doctoral degrees d. private universities Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 44, Objective 14.5 44) Which agency coordinates, develops, and evaluates higher education in Texas?

Feedback: factual a. The State Board of Education *b. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board c. The College District Board d. The Board of Regents Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 45, Objective 14.5 45) A policy that provides additional benefits or opportunities to individuals who have suffered historically from discrimination is known as Feedback: conceptual *a. affirmative action. b. a discrimination prevention act. c. an equal opportunity act. d. a preferential treatment policy.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 46, Objective 14.6 46) To avoid raising taxes, lawmakers often pay for road projects via Feedback: factual *a. toll roads. b. selling advertising space on highways. c. raising the gas tax. d. requesting more money from the county judges.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 47, Objective 14.6 47) “Transportation deserts” are Feedback: factual *a. places without reliable public transportation. b. areas where roads go through the desert. c. areas where many people have drivers’ licenses. d. areas with many older drivers.

Type: multiple choice question

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

Title: Chapter 14 Question 48, Objective 14.7 48) If a local government would like to undertake a water project, they can get a loan from the Feedback: factual a. Hurricane Tank. b. Coastal Development Fund. c. Texas Water Fund. *d. Texas Water Development Board.

Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 49, Objective 14.7 49) Which group in Texas is must susceptible to pollution?

Feedback: factual a. People who have recently moved to Texas b. Those in west Texas c. High income earners *d. Economically vulnerable people Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 50, Objective 14.7 50) In recent years, how has Texas increased its energy independence?

Feedback: factual *a. Fracking b. Building more nuclear power plants c. Discovering a vast new oil field d. Putting solar panels on the roofs of tall buildings Type: multiple choice question Title: Chapter 14 Question 51, Objective 14.7 51) Surface water is subject to control and management by the state, but groundwater is owned by the landowner of the property above the groundwater, known as the right of Feedback: conceptual a. first-choice. *b. capture. c. below. d. on-boarding.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 14 Question 52, Objective 14.3 52) Although immigration and border security issues fall under federal authority, aggressive politics and the practical need for solutions has led the state to step in frequently. Recently, lawmakers and Governor Greg Abbott increased border security efforts in Texas. What did they do?

Feedback: Added $800 million to border security efforts, including new equipment, facilities, and law enforcement officers. The governor also agreed to commit at least 1,000 National Guard troops to the Mexico border in response to a call from President Trump to clamp down on illegal immigration, at a cost of approximately $12 million a month.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 14 Question 53, Objective 14.4 53) How does Texas education rank nationally?

Feedback: Poorly. Texas consistently ranks lower than most other states. Education Week gave Texas a C– overall, a C– for K–12 student achievement, a C for students’ future success in life, and a D for school finance.

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Rottinghaus, Inside Texas Politics, Third Edition

This put Texas in forty-third place nationally.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 14 Question 54, Objective 14.5 54) What is the Permanent University Fund?

Feedback: Established in 1839. Proceeds from natural resources (oil, gas, sulfur, water), mineral leases, and grazing rights generate income for the fund and for permanent members: campuses of the University of Texas and Texas A&M University. The fund was set in 1931 to provide two-thirds of the funds to the UT and one-third to A&M. The fund is currently worth more than an estimated $19 billion.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 14 Question 55, Objective 14.6 55) In order to fix what many Texans believe is their main issue of concern, what does TxDOT argue it needs?

Feedback: An additional $5 billion annually to maintain the current roads.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 14 Question 56, Objective 14.7 56) Who owns water on a landowner’s property?

Feedback: Surface water is subject to control and management by the state. Groundwater is owned by the landowner of the property above the groundwater.

Type: essay/short answer question Title: Chapter 14 Question 57, Objective 14.1 57) Describe the elements of the policy-making process/cycle.

Feedback: Agenda setting is the placement of an issue onto the public agenda. Everyday needs of the people as well as crises, such as an economic shock, a natural disaster, or a massive policy failure, trigger the policy-making process. Citizens who have problems, interest groups, or political parties often identify issues that they would like to place on the agenda. These individuals or groups frame the problem by identifying the causes and consequences and by attempting to control the narrative on the issue. During the agenda setting phase, policymakers ask the question: Is this problem important enough for government to get involved? During the policy creation stage, stakeholders from around the state shape legislation. During this stage, policymakers examine the problem to understand whether and how government can offer a solution. They gather information, meet with experts and Texans that are connected to the problem, and consider alternatives. During the policy adoption stage, lawmakers adopt the policy, appropriate funds to pay for the policy (if needed), set rules for implementation and guidelines for review of the policy. In the final phase, evaluation, lawmakers and other experts review the policy and its outcomes. This final phase comes later in the form of oversight hearings, guidance documents, and, if needed, revisions to the policy creation or implementation.

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