TEST BANK for Drugs & Society 14th Edition Glen R. Hanson; Peter, Annette

TEST BANK Drugs & Society 14th Edition Glen R. Hanson; Peter J. Venturelli; Annette E. Fleckenstein

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Drugs and Society CHAPTER 2 Explaining Drug Use and Abuse CHAPTER 3 Drug Use, Regulation, and the Law CHAPTER 4 Homeostatic Systems and Drugs CHAPTER 5 How and Why Drugs Work CHAPTER 6 CNS Depressants: Sedative Hypnotics CHAPTER 7 Alcohol: Pharmacological Effects CHAPTER 8 Alcohol: Behavioral Effects CHAPTER 9 Narcotics (Opioids) CHAPTER 10 Stimulants CHAPTER 11 Tobacco CHAPTER 12 Hallucinogens (Psychedelics) CHAPTER 13 Marijuana CHAPTER 14 Inhalants CHAPTER 15 Over-the-Counter, Prescription, and Herbal Drugs CHAPTER 16 Drug Use in Subcultures of Special Populations CHAPTER 17 Drug Abuse Prevention CHAPTER 18 Treating Drug Dependence

Multiple Choice

1. Substances that affect the central nervous system and alter consciousness and/or perception are pharmacologically known as: A. psychoactive drugs.

B. affective drugs.

C. licit drugs.

D. drugs.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Dimensions of Drug Use Subject: Chapter 1

2. __________ drugs refer to types of drugs that lead to the use of other more addictive types of drugs.

A. Addictive B. Gateway C. High-pressure D. Predisposition Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Commonly Used Terms Subject: Chapter 1

3. THC is the primary psychoactive ingredient in: A. depressants like valium.

B. stimulants like cocaine.

C. LSD and Ecstasy.

D. marijuana.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cannabis (Marijuana and Hashish) Subject: Chapter 1

4. The idea that drug consumption is found across all income levels, social classes, races,

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ethnicities, lifestyles, and age groups refers to drugs as: A. an inherent problem.

B. a dynamic affliction.

C. an equal-opportunity affliction.

D. a panacea.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: How Widespread is Drug Abuse?

Subject: Chapter 1

5. What age group has the highest concentration of illicit drug users and experimenters?

A. 12–17 years B. 18–25 years C. 26–35 years D. 46–60 years Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Figure 1.6 Subject: Chapter 1

6. __________ are known to view their drug use as necessary in order to have fun, and they often use drugs in order to escape, postpone personal problems, and relieve stress and anxieties.

A. Chippers B. Experimenters C. Compulsive users D. Regulars Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Drug Users Subject: Chapter 1

7. The phase that is synonymous with addiction, where more of the drug is sought despite the presence of negative physical symptoms, is: A. relief.

B. withdrawal.

C. dependency.

D. preoccupation.

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Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 1

8. In regard to the connection between drug use and crime, which of the following findings is often true?

A. Drug users, in comparison to non-drug users, are more likely to commit crimes.

B. Arrestees are often under the influence of a drug while committing crimes.

C. Drugs and violence often occur together.

D. All of these are correct.

E. None of these is correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drugs, Crime, and Violence Subject: Chapter 1

9. High blood pressure, arrhythmia, and cirrhosis are symptoms from the chronic use of what drug?

A. Heroin B. Alcohol C. Cocaine D. Marijuana Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Alcohol Subject: Chapter 1

10. Which of the following types of drug use is not found in Erich Goode’s list of drug use types?

A. Legal instrumental B. Legal recreational C. Legal nonrecreational D. Illegal recreational Answer: C Complexity: Moderate

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Ahead: Extent and Frequency of Drug Use in Society Subject: Chapter 1

11. In 2018, what percentage of the U.S. population reported lifetime use of alcohol?

A. 49.2 B. 67.3 C. 80.8 D. 51.1 Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Table 1.4 Subject: Chapter 1

12. According to Chapter 1, the principal social psychological factor in determining the presence of an individual’s drug abuse is: A. personal weakness.

B. motivation.

C. I.Q. D. level of depression.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: When Does Use Lead to Abuse?

Subject: Chapter 1

13. __________ is characterized by excessive use, constant preoccupation with the availability and supply of the drug, refusal to admit excessive use, and reliance on the drug.

A. Drug use B. Drug misuse C. Acute drug use D. Initial drug abuse Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: When Does Use Lead to Abuse?

Subject: Chapter 1

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14. Common communicable diseases that spread through contaminated needle sharing include(s): A. herpes.

B. hepatitis.

C. HIV. D. hepatitis and HIV. Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Costs of Drug Use to Society Subject: Chapter 1

True/False

1. True or False? The four principal factors affecting how a drug user experiences a drug include pharmacological, cultural, social, and contextual factors.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Dimensions of Drug Use Subject: Chapter 1

2. True or False? Today, the term addiction generally refers to mostly physical dependence with a drug or drugs.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Commonly Used Terms Subject: Chapter 1

3. True or False? Only certain types of people can become dependent on and addicted to a drug.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: How Widespread is Drug Abuse?

Subject: Chapter 1

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4. True or False? In 2018, approximately 37% of U.S. residents used marijuana sometime during their lifetime.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Table 1.4 Subject: Chapter 1

5. True or False? Pregnant women are more likely to use drugs than similar-age women who are not pregnant.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pregnant Women Subject: Chapter 1

6. True or False? Advertising over-the-counter drugs relays the message that if you are experiencing some symptoms, taking drugs is an acceptable option.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Use: Mass and Electronic Media and Family Influences Subject: Chapter 1

7. True or False? In 2014, almost half of federal inmates were serving time for drug-related offenses.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drugs, Crime, and Violence Subject: Chapter 1

8. True or False? Unemployed people are much more likely to use alcohol and marijuana than full-time workers.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate

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Ahead: Figure 1.9 Subject: Chapter 1

9. True or False? Unmarried workers are less likely than married workers to engage in illicit drug use.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Substance Dependence Subject: Chapter 1

10. True or False? Different perspectives regarding drug use are confusing and hamper explanations about drug use and abuse.

Answer: False Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Venturing to a Higher Form of Consciousness: The Holistic Self-Awareness Subject: Chapter 1

11. True or False? Structural analogs refer to the basic ingredients in a drug that are primarily responsible for causing the effect.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Designer Drugs/Synthetic Drugs or Synthetic Opioids Subject: Chapter 1

12. True or False? Trend data show that between the years 2015 through 2018, yearly illicit drug use has been steadily decreasing.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Figure 1.3 Subject: Chapter 1

13. True or False? In 2018, the rate of past-month illicit drug use was higher among males aged

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12 and older than females aged 12 and older.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Gender Subject: Chapter 1

14. True or False? In 2018, Black/African American full-time college students had the highest percentage of current illicit drug use.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: College Students Subject: Chapter 1

15. True or False? Studies continually show that the majority of young drug users come from homes in which drugs are liberally used.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Use: Mass and Electronic Media and Family Influences Subject: Chapter 1

16. True or False? Most youths cease their drug use when they begin working.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Substance Dependence Subject: Chapter 1

17. True or False? More than 400,000 EAPs (employee assistance programs) have been established in the United States.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Employee Assistance Programs Subject: Chapter 1

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18. True or False? Asians have the second highest rate of illicit drug use.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Racial and Ethnic Differences Subject: Chapter 1

19. True or False? The United States incarcerates more people for drug offenses than any other country.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drugs, Crime, and Violence Subject: Chapter 1

20. True or False? Over half of all full-time employees have substance dependence.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Alcohol Use Subject: Chapter 1

21. True or False? Clandestine illegal drug-producing laboratories are only found in stationary buildings.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Costs of Drug Use to Society Subject: Chapter 1

22. True or False? A high percentage of arrestees are often under the influence of a drug while committing crimes.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drugs, Crime, and Violence

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Subject: Chapter 1

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Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is not a major reason why people use drugs?

A. To relieve stress and escape B. Users believe it improves work performance.

C. Drugs are less costly today than ever before.

D. Searching for pleasure Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Use: A Timeless Affliction Subject: Chapter 2

2. Which of the following is not a major characteristic of substance dependence?

A. Deviant behavior B. Tolerance C. Withdrawal D. Craving Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Defining Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

3. __________ includes a broad category of psychiatric disorders, formerly called “character disorders.”

A. Psychoanalysis B. Characterological model C. “Double wall” of encapsulation D. Personality disorder Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Models of Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

4. The view that alcoholism is a __________ dates to the early 19th century.

A. sign of wickedness

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B. sign of a weak ego C. mental condition D. sickness Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Major Theoretical Explanations: Biological Subject: Chapter 2

5. It is believed that most drugs with abuse potential enhance pleasure centers by causing the release of: A. serotonin.

B. dopamine.

C. norepinephrine.

D. adrenalin.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Abused Drugs as Positive Reinforcers Subject: Chapter 2

6. The trait associated with turning one’s feelings inward rather than directing emotions outward is known as: A. extroversion.

B. ignorance.

C. antisocial behavior.

D. introversion.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Relationship Between Personality and Drug Use Subject: Chapter 2

7. When one repeats a behavior to the point of it becoming established or commonplace, __________ has occurred.

A. habituation B. conditioning C. repetition D. addiction

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Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Theories Based on Learning Processes Subject: Chapter 2

8. Which of the following is a primary factor responsible for drug use?

A. Amount of exposure to drug-using peers B. Availability of drugs in the community C. Age of initial use D. Amount of exposure to drug-using peers and age of initial use Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Social Psychological Learning Theories Subject: Chapter 2

9. One’s parents would represent a(n) __________ relationship.

A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary social D. immediate social Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Social Learning Theory Subject: Chapter 2

10. __________ theories tend to view the structural organization of a society, peer group, or subculture as responsible for drug use.

A. Social influence B. Structural influence C. Social awareness D. Social recognition Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Structural Influence Theories Subject: Chapter 2

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11. __________ status refers to the primary status position one has in the eyes of others.

A. Principle B. Binary C. Master D. Labeled Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Labeling Theory Subject: Chapter 2

12. According to __________ theory, the socialization process results in the creation of strong or weak internal and external control systems.

A. social influence B. labeling C. psychoanalytic D. containment Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Control Theory Subject: Chapter 2

13. Among adults ages 18 and older, which of the following groups had a higher rate of illicit drug use?

A. Unemployed B. Part-time employees C. Full-time employees D. Employed full- and part-time employees Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Use: A Timeless Affliction Subject: Chapter 2

14. All the major biological explanations related to drug abuse assume that these substances exert their __________ effects by altering brain chemistry or neuronal (basic functional cell of the brain) activity.

A. psychotic

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B. psychoactive C. physiological D. central nervous system Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Theoretical Explanations: Biological Subject: Chapter 2

15. In which of the following ways can genetic factors directly or indirectly contribute to drug abuse vulnerability?

A. Psychiatric disorders that are genetically determined may be relieved by taking drugs of abuse.

B. Reward centers in the brain are genetically determined to be sensitive to addictive drugs.

C. Rational thought processes in the brain are reduced in the prefrontal cortex.

D. Psychiatric disorders that are genetically determined may be relieved by taking drugs of abuse, and rational thought processes in the brain are reduced in the prefrontal cortex.

E. All of these are correct.

Answer: E Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Genetic Explanations Subject: Chapter 2

16. Which of the following factors is a positive reinforcer that helps maintain drug use?

A. Social interaction B. Peer camaraderie C. Social approval D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Social Psychological Learning Theories Subject: Chapter 2

17. Which of the following is not one of the phases of addiction?

A. Maintaining or “taking care of business” B. Escalation C. Relapsing D. Ex-addict

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E. Experimentation Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Models of Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

18. Among adolescents and young adults, which of the following factors is least likely to affect becoming a recreational drug user?

A. Sexual identity B. Age C. Extent of religiosity D. All of these are risk factors.

Answer: D Complexity: Analytical Ahead: Factors Contributing to Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

19. A change in personality resulting from marijuana use, characterized by a lack of motivation, has been termed by some drug theorists as: A. amotivational syndrome.

B. chronic fatigue syndrome.

C. deficit motivation.

D. motivational maladjustment.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Are Drug Users More Likely to be Devious?

Subject: Chapter 2

20. A salesclerk in a large grocery store would be an example a(n) __________ relationship.

A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. influential Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Social Learning Theory

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Subject: Chapter 2

21. Which theory explains drug use as largely peer-generated activity?

A. Labeling theory B. Social influence theory C. Subculture theory D. Structural influence theory Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Subculture Theory Subject: Chapter 2

22. In 2017, ____% of 12th graders reported having been drunk at least once in their life.

A. 8 B. 29 C. 45 D. 90 Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Use: A Timeless Affliction Subject: Chapter 2

23. __________ is a term referring to a diminishing drug effect such that more is required to obtain the original effect.

A. Addiction B. Tolerance C. Withdrawal D. Abuse Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Defining Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

24. At various times, drug dependence has been considered a(n): A. illness.

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B. moral violation.

C. very bad habit.

D. All of these are correct.

E. illness and a moral violation.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Models of Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

25. __________ refer to the chemical messengers used for communication between brain regions.

A. Synapses B. Dopamine sensors C. Neurotransmitters D. Neuromessengers Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Theoretical Explanations: Biological Subject: Chapter 2

26. Substance-related mental disorders and primary psychiatric disorders are often: A. progressive.

B. incongruent.

C. co-existent.

D. unrelated.

Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Distinguishing Between Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders Subject: Chapter 2

27. People at the highest risk of drug addiction are those who are: A. introverts.

B. extroverts.

C. preoccupied with their supply drugs.

D. first exposed to drugs while experiencing personal trauma.

Answer: B

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Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Theories Based on Learning Processes Subject: Chapter 2

28. According to Becker, individuals come to experience the effects and pleasures of a drug through: A. experimentation.

B. learned expectations and motivations from peers.

C. the initial biological changes.

D. imitation.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Social Psychological Learning Theories Subject: Chapter 2

29. __________ relationships are characterized as a group of individuals sharing a high amount of intimacy and spontaneity and the members are emotionally bonded.

A. Primary social B. Secondary social C. Tertiary D. Influential Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Social Learning Theory Subject: Chapter 2

30. __________ theories view a person’s day-to-day social psychological relations as a primary cause for drug use.

A. Social influence B. Structural influence C. Social awareness D. Social recognition Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Social Learning Theory Subject: Chapter 2

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31. Which theory emphasizes that other people’s perceptions directly influence one’s self-image?

A. Labeling theory B. Primary view theory C. Social influence D. Reflection theory Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Labeling Theory Subject: Chapter 2

True/False

1. True or False? Compulsive addiction behavior is often considered a brain disorder.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Defining Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

2. True or False? Tolerance is the need for increased amounts of drugs or the diminished effect of the same amount.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Defining Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

3. True or False? Addiction can be described as a complex disease.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Defining Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

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4. True or False? Millions use or even occasionally abuse drugs without compromising their basic health.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Factors Contributing to Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

5. True or False? Children of alcoholic parents tend to grow up to be alcoholics; however, if nonalcoholic families raise these same children, the children will tend to not become alcoholics.

Answer: False Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Genetic Explanations Subject: Chapter 2

6. True or False? Introversion largely refers to how drug-induced behavior is outwardly manifested.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Relationship Between Personality and Drug Use Subject: Chapter 2

7. True or False? Social learning theory explains how people are taught the motivation for using a drug.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Theories Based on Learning Processes Subject: Chapter 2

8. True or False? Adolescents with divorced parents are more likely to use drugs than children from intact families that are not divorced.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate

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Ahead: Here and Now Subject: Chapter 2

9. True or False? Use of legal drugs almost always proceeds the use of illegal drugs.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Here and Now Subject: Chapter 2

10. True or False? Social and cultural support perspective views drug use as a collective attempt to gain social status and prestige with a peer group.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Subculture Theory Subject: Chapter 2

11. True or False? An example of social strain theory is partaking in illegal drug dealing in order to achieve economic sustainability.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Structural Influence Theories Subject: Chapter 2

12. True or False? Drug users are less likely than nonusers to be closely tied to their parents.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Control Theory Subject: Chapter 2

13. True or False? A criminal record is public record and can be acquired by employers and other community members.

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Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Maintaining a Low-Risk Approach Subject: Chapter 2

14. True or False? Psychoanalysis is an adaptation to pain and avoidance of reality.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Models of Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

15. True or False? Some drug users are currently using drugs to self-medicate primary psychiatric disorders.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Distinguishing Between Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders Subject: Chapter 2

16. True or False? According to the social learning theory, one major outcome in drug use is learning to perceive the effects of the drug.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Social Learning Theory Subject: Chapter 2

17. True or False? Immaturity, maladjustment, or insecurity usually precede the use of marijuana and other illicit drugs.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Are Drug Users More Likely to be Devious?

Subject: Chapter 2

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18. True or False? The conditioning process to a drug is largely determined by the surroundings of the environment where the drug is taken.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Theories Based on Learning Processes Subject: Chapter 2

19. True or False? Social disorganization focuses on how rapid social change creates gaps between individuals and the community, often leaving people feeling disconnected.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Structural Influence Theories Subject: Chapter 2

20. True or False? Containment theory focuses on how socialization can create bonds with drugusing peers.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Control Theory Subject: Chapter 2

21. True or False? Drug users are less likely to participate in social organizations and engage in team sport activities.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Control Theory Subject: Chapter 2

22. True or False? Freud said that drug use fulfills insecurities that stem from parenting inadequacies.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Theoretical Explanations: Psychological

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Subject: Chapter 2

23. True or False? An essential feature of risky use is continued use despite significant substance-related problems known to the user.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Defining Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

24. True or False? Preferring to drink alone is not a factor that contributes to drug addiction.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Factors Contributing to Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

25. True or False? Many people who are addicted suffer from psychiatric problems that make their addictions difficult to treat.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Distinguishing Between Substance Abuse and Mental Disorders Subject: Chapter 2

26. True or False? People who are at the highest risk for addiction and drug abuse are those who are preoccupied with their jobs or occupations.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Theories Based on Learning Processes Subject: Chapter 2

27. True or False? Having a parent who uses drugs is a strong predictor of adolescent substance abuse.

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Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Are Drug Users More Likely to be Devious?

Subject: Chapter 2

28. True or False? The social and cultural support perspective focuses on how individuals learn drug use from immediate family members.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Subculture Theory Subject: Chapter 2

29. True or False? Behavior that is largely dictated by custom or tradition is known as “conventional” behavior.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Social Change in Most Societies Subject: Chapter 2

30. True or False? Control theory states that individuals who are controlled and disciplined are more likely to deviate from norms because they feel smothered by such control.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Control Theory Subject: Chapter 2

31. True or False? High-risk drug choices are responsible for developing attitudes and values that lead to habitual and addictive drug use.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Low-Risk and High-Risk Drug Choices Subject: Chapter 2

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Chapter 3 Drug Use, Regulation, and the Law

Multiple Choice

1. The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act was passed in response to which of the following events?

A. Some women who used thalidomide during pregnancy gave birth to children with phocomelia.

B. A pharmaceutical company marketed an antibiotic dissolved in the toxic solvent, diethylene glycol.

C. Some over-the-counter drugs were determined ineffective for their indicated use.

D. Individuals became addicted to patent medicines.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

2. __________ is from the Greek words for flippers, or “seal-shaped limbs.”

A. Thalidomide B. Paraplegia C. Hermaphrodite D. Phocomelia Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

3. The __________ allows companies to receive tax advantages if they develop drugs that are designed to treat rare diseases and hence are not very profitable.

A. switching policy B. fast track rule C. OTC policy D. Orphan Drug Law Answer: D Complexity: Easy

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Ahead: Regulating the Development of New Drugs Subject: Chapter 3

4. __________ drugs have high abuse potential but are approved for medical purposes.

A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule V Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Abuse and the Law Subject: Chapter 3

5. Decreasing the amount of drugs that are carried across U.S. borders is an example of: A. demand reduction.

B. reduction.

C. inoculation.

D. interdiction.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Demand Reduction Strategy Subject: Chapter 3

6. Which of the following phases generally involves a few healthy individuals and is designed to determine the safety of a drug?

A. Phase I B. Phase II C. Phase III D. Phase IV Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Regulating the Development of New Drugs Subject: Chapter 3

7. The __________ allowed the manufacturer to determine whether a drug was to be labeled

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prescription or nonprescription.

A. Harrison Act of 1914 B. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 C. Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988 D. Drug Abuse Control Amendment Act of 1965 Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

8. What drug was used in Europe to treat morning sickness in pregnant women?

A. Morphine B. Thalidomide C. Fluoxetine D. Zidovudine E. None of these is correct.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

9. Which of the following lists the steps of drug development in the correct chronological order?

A. Preclinical development, filing an NDA, Phase I testing B. Requesting an IND, filing an NDA, Phase I testing C. Preclinical development, requesting an IND, filing an NDA D. Phase I testing, requesting an IND, filing an NDA Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Regulating the Development of New Drugs Subject: Chapter 3

10. The __________ of the FDA allows it to review prescription drugs and evaluate their suitability as OTC products.

A. switching policy B. fast track rule C. OTC policy D. Orphan Drug Law

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Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Effects of the OTC Review on Today’s Medications Subject: Chapter 3

11. __________ attempts to decrease individuals’ tendency to use drugs with an emphasis on reformulating values and behaviors.

A. Inoculation strategy B. Interdiction strategy C. Treatment strategy D. Demand reduction strategy Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Demand Reduction Strategy Subject: Chapter 3

True/False

1. True or False? Thalidomide was used in Europe to reduce morning sickness in pregnant women.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

2. True or False? Phase II testing is called the extended clinical evaluation stage.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Regulating the Development of New Drugs Subject: Chapter 3

3. True or False? The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act divided substances with abuse potential into categories based on the degree of their abuse potential and

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their clinical usefulness.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Abuse and the Law Subject: Chapter 3

4. True or False? Inoculation is a strategy that attempts to decrease individuals’ tendency to use drugs, with emphasis on reformulating values and behaviors.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Inoculation Strategy Subject: Chapter 3

5. True or False? Education about drug abuse must be carefully designed and customized for the target population or group.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Supply Reduction Strategy Subject: Chapter 3

6. True or False? Selective legalization is an approach that would legalize those drugs of abuse that are the most likely to cause addiction.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Legalization Debate Subject: Chapter 3

7. True or False? Category I OTC products are considered safe and effective for their claimed therapeutic indication.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Regulating the Development of New Drugs Subject: Chapter 3

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8. True or False? Drug testing is frequently mandatory for participants in sports at all levels.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Testing Subject: Chapter 3

9. True or False? Use of methadone prevents the cravings and severe withdrawal routinely associated with breaking the heroin habit.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Demand Reduction Strategy Subject: Chapter 3

10. True or False? Diethylene glycol is a drug that causes phocomelia in children of mothers who received the drug.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

11. True or False? Phase I clinical trials generally involve healthy people and are designed to establish efficacy of a given drug.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Regulating the Development of New Drugs Subject: Chapter 3

12. True or False? Category II OTC products are not generally recognized as safe and effective, or have unacceptable indications.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Regulating the Development of New Drugs

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Subject: Chapter 3

13. True or False? Penalties for illegal use of a controlled substance vary according to the agent’s schedule.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Abuse and the Law Subject: Chapter 3

14. True or False? Prevention and treatment strategies are less costly than interdiction and incarceration.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Demand Reduction Strategy Subject: Chapter 3

15. True or False? Drug courts are designed to deal with violent, drug-abusing offenders.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Courts Subject: Chapter 3

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Chapter 4 Homeostatic Drug Use and Abuse

Multiple Choice

1. __________ is the maintenance of internal stability.

A. Dependence B. Withdrawal C. Homeostasis D. Rebound Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 4

2. Which of the following describes a neuronal axon?

A. A protein site on a cell that reacts to endogenous chemical messengers such as neurotransmitters B. A small fiber that conducts electrochemical-like impulses from dendrites to terminal C. Part of the neuron’s cell body D. A short, tree-like branch that picks up information from surrounding neurons Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 4

3. A class of biochemical compounds including norepinephrine and dopamine is called: A. cholinergic.

B. catecholamines.

C. synapse.

D. muscarinic.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

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4. LSD is thought to do which of the following?

A. Have serotonin-like chemical effects B. Cause a deficiency of dopamine in the basal ganglia of the brain C. Cause a deficiency of norepinephrine in the cortex D. Cause a deficiency of acetylcholine in the basal ganglia of the brain Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

5. Which of the following brain regions is most likely to directly regulate the endocrine system?

A. Hypothalamus B. Basal ganglia C. Cortex D. Cerebellum Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

6. Which of the following is not a neurotransmitter?

A. Androgen B. Acetylcholine C. Dopamine D. Serotonin Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

7. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Testosterone is principally released from the ovaries and causes female sex changes.

B. Sex hormones can affect emotional states.

C. Most drugs used to treat endocrine problems are given to replace deficient hormones.

D. Diabetes is usually due to a lack of insulin secreted by the pancreas.

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Answer: A Complexity: Difficult Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

8. Anabolic steroids have been classified in which of the following schedules of the Controlled Substances Act? A. I B. II C. III D. IV Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

9. __________ are chemical messengers released by neurons.

A. Dendrites B. Receptors C. Neurotransmitters D. Hormones Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 4

10. The nervous system is composed of all but which of the following?

A. Brain B. Spinal cord C. Neurons D. Blood vessels Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

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11. Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is incorrect?

A. It serves as the CNS control center for the autonomic nervous system.

B. It is important in the CNS regulation of endocrine systems.

C. Because it is isolated, drugs of abuse are less likely to affect the hypothalamus than other brain areas.

D. It is important in maintaining homeostasis in the body.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

12. Hormones that are able to convert nutrients into tissue mass are called: A. anabolic steroids.

B. anticholinergic steroids.

C. vasculature steroids.

D. neuronal steroids.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

13. Approximately how many neurons are in the brain?

A. 1 billion B. 5 billion C. 10 billion D. 100 billion Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

14. A minute gap between the neuron and target cell across which neurotransmitters travel is called a: A. dendrite.

B. synaptic cleft.

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C. receptor.

D. neuron.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

15. Which of the following neurotransmitters is classified as a catecholamine?

A. Acetylcholine B. Dopamine C. Endorphin D. Serotonin Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

16. How much does the average brain weigh?

A. 0.5 pound B. 1 pound C. 3 pounds D. 4.5 pounds Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

17. Which of the following is not part of the nervous system?

A. Hypothalamus B. Limbic system C. Basal ganglia D. Pancreas Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

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18. Which of the following is not a major nervous system?

A. Sympathetic B. Autonomic C. Parasympathetic D. Adrenal Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

19. Which of the following statements concerning the adrenal glands is incorrect?

A. The corticosteroids are released from the adrenal cortex.

B. Adrenaline is released from the adrenal medulla.

C. Small amounts of androgens are released by the adrenal cortex.

D. Adrenaline is classified as an anabolic steroid.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

20. Which of the following is least likely to be caused by abuse of anabolic steroids?

A. Growth of muscle mass B. Sedation and a mellowing of temper C. Headaches D. Disrupted sleep patterns Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

True/False

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1. True or False? Neurons are responsible for conducting the homeostatic functions of the brain.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 4

2. True or False? An inhibitory synapse usually increases the likelihood of a neurotransmitter being released.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

3. True or False? Norepinephrine and epinephrine receptors are separated into the categories of alpha and beta.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

4. True or False? The limbic system in the brain helps to regulate emotional activities and memory.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

5. True or False? Hormones tend to have a faster onset of action than do the neurotransmitters.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

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6. True or False? Anabolic steroids are compounds that are chemically like the steroids and stimulate production of tissue mass.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

7. True or False? THG is known as a designer steroid.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

8. True or False? The axon of a neuron is a threadlike extension that receives information from the dendrites near the cell body.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction to Nervous Systems Subject: Chapter 4

9. True or False? The central nervous system consists of the brain and the spinal cord.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

10. True or False? The pituitary gland is often referred to as the master gland.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

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11. True or False? Anabolic hormones have negative CNS effects.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

12. True or False? The parasympathetic nervous system uses acetylcholine as a transmitter.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

13. True or False? Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are released from the terminals of neurons.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 4

14. True or False? Some natural chemicals, produced by the body, have the same effect as narcotic drugs.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

15. True or False? The acetylcholine receptor sites have been divided into two main subtypes called muscarinic and nicotinic.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate

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Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

16. True or False? LSD likely exerts its hallucinogenic effects by affecting the dopamine receptor.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction to Nervous Systems Subject: Chapter 4

17. True or False? The autonomic nervous system is divided into two functional components, the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

18. True or False? The anabolic steroids often abused by athletes are chemically related to male hormones.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

19. True or False? Steroids can cause aggressive behavior and excitation.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

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Multiple Choice

1. __________ is the difference between the dose of drug necessary to cause a therapeutic effect versus the dose necessary to cause a toxic effect.

A. Margin of safety B. Therapeutic index C. Synergism D. Pharmacokinetics Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Margin of Safety Subject: Chapter 5

2. The capacity of a drug to do damage or cause adverse effects in the body is called: A. toxicity.

B. potency.

C. metabolism.

D. tolerance.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Potency Versus Toxicity Subject: Chapter 5

3. __________ is the ability of one drug to enhance the effect of another.

A. Potency B. Toxicity C. Metabolism D. Synergism Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Additive Effects Subject: Chapter 5

4. The principal forms of drug administration include which of the following?

A. Injection

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B. Oral ingestion C. Inhalation D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacokinetic Factors that Influence Drug Effects Subject: Chapter 5

5. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Drugs that are water soluble are not likely to get into organs with a high fat content.

B. Drugs that are not very fat soluble are most likely to affect the brain.

C. The principal factor that determines if drugs will cross the placental barrier is molecular size.

D. Most drugs are able to pass across the placental barrier.

Answer: B Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships Subject: Chapter 5

6. Which of the following statements concerning metabolism is incorrect?

A. It usually inactivates drugs.

B. It usually helps to eliminate drugs more rapidly.

C. It can inactivate hormones and neurotransmitters.

D. The rate of drug metabolism always stays constant.

Answer: D Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Inactivation and Elimination of Drugs from the Body Subject: Chapter 5

7. __________ refers to changes that decrease response to a set dose of a drug.

A. Potency B. Toxicity C. Metabolism D. Tolerance Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pathological Variables that Modify Drug Effects

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Subject: Chapter 5

8. Which of the following statements concerning psychological dependence is incorrect?

A. It often occurs from using drugs with abuse potential.

B. It causes severe physical discomfort and rebound when drug use is stopped.

C. It can cause intense cravings and lure former drug abusers back to their drug habits.

D. It can occur independent of physical dependence.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 5

9. Drugs administered using which of the following methods can enter the blood almost as quickly as intravenous injection?

A. Oral ingestion B. Topical application C. Inhalation D. Intramuscular injection Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Pharmacokinetic Factors that Influence Drug Effects Subject: Chapter 5

10. Which of the following statements concerning factors that contribute to drug abuse patterns is incorrect?

A. Peer pressure usually is not an important factor contributing to initial drug experimentation.

B. Many persons who abuse drugs are attempting to self-medicate some form of mental disorder.

C. If a drug causes a positive effect in the user’s view, it is much more likely to be abused than if it causes a negative experience.

D. Dysphoric is the opposite of euphoric.

Answer: A Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Other Factors Subject: Chapter 5

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11. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. The chemical products resulting from drug metabolism are called “metabolites.”

B. Most drugs and metabolites are only excreted from the body in the feces.

C. Drugs and metabolites are stored in the kidneys.

D. Making the urine more acidic does not influence the excretion of drugs.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Inactivation and Elimination of Drugs from the Body Subject: Chapter 5

12. __________ is a form of withdrawal or a paradoxical effect that occurs when a drug has been eliminated from the body of a person who has become physically dependent.

A. Physical dependence B. Rebound effect C. Reverse tolerance D. Mental set Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 5

13. Which of the following could contribute to individual variability in drug responses?

A. Rate of metabolism by the liver B. Acidity of the urine C. Size of the person D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Dose–Response Relationship of Therapeutics and Toxicity Subject: Chapter 5

14. Which of the following best describes the concept of “margin of safety”?

A. It compares the advantages and disadvantages of a drug.

B. It is the same concept as “benefit/risk.”

C. Drugs with steep dose-response curves generally have a wide margin of safety.

D. It is a comparison of dosage for therapeutic versus toxic effects.

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Answer: D Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Potency Versus Toxicity Subject: Chapter 5

15. What kind of drug effect occurs when one drug cancels or blocks the effect of another?

A. Additive interaction B. Antagonistic interaction C. Potentiation D. Interceptive interaction Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Additive Effects Subject: Chapter 5

16. Which of the following statements concerning drugs administered orally is incorrect?

A. Food in the stomach may interfere with passage of some drugs into the bloodstream.

B. Drugs absorbed from the gut do not get to the liver for metabolism until after they are distributed throughout the body.

C. Some drugs are inactivated by digestive enzymes in the gut when taken orally.

D. The onset of action is usually slower for drugs taken orally than for drugs given intravenously.

Answer: B Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Pharmacokinetic Factors that Influence Drug Effects Subject: Chapter 5

17. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Some drugs readily pass through the skin.

B. Drugs taken by inhalation are usually slower acting and less potent than drugs taken orally.

C. Usually more drug is needed when given intravenously than when administered orally to achieve an effect.

D. The more times a drug is injected in the same vein, the easier the injection becomes.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Forms and Methods of Taking Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

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18. The __________ is the maximum drug effect, regardless of dose.

A. threshold B. cumulative effect C. plateau effect D. metabolism Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships Subject: Chapter 5

19. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Usually the elderly should be given lower doses than other adults to avoid adverse drug effects.

B. There are often substantial differences in the way males and females respond to drugs.

C. The condition of pregnancy can increase a woman’s vulnerability to drug side effects.

D. A history of hepatitis often results in a longer duration of drug effects and increased likelihood of side effects.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Physiological Variables that Modify Drug Effects Subject: Chapter 5

20. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Physical dependence is a physiological state of adaptation to a drug.

B. Physical dependence can result in withdrawal symptoms when the use of the drug is abruptly stopped.

C. Rebound effects are a form of withdrawal.

D. Rebound effects usually mimic the effects of the drugs themselves.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 5

True/False

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1. True or False? The smaller the dose required to achieve a drug action, the greater the drug potency.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Potency Versus Toxicity Subject: Chapter 5

2. True or False? Drug effects can be altered by the drug’s interaction with food.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Potentiative (Synergistic) Effects Subject: Chapter 5

3. True or False? The form in which a drug is taken does not influence the effect it has.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Forms and Methods of Taking Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

4. True or False? Most drugs are distributed throughout the body in the blood.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Forms and Methods of Taking Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

5. True or False? Immediate or short-term effects after taking a single drug dose are classified as chronic.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships

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Subject: Chapter 5

6. True or False? Biotransformation does not affect the potency of drugs.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships Subject: Chapter 5

7. True or False? Because of cross-dependency, barbiturates can be used to treat the abstinence syndrome of the chronic alcoholic.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 5

8. True or False? Effects caused by suggestion and psychological factors, not the pharmacological activity of a drug, are referred to as placebo effects.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Psychological Factors Subject: Chapter 5

9. True or False? Many drug abusers are multiple drug users.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Forms and Methods of Taking Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

10. True or False? Most drugs do not pass from the mother into the fetal circulation.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate

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Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships Subject: Chapter 5

11. True or False? If tolerance develops to the effects of one drug, tolerance also often develops to other, similar drugs.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Tolerance to Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

12. True or False? Psychological dependence typically instills a feeling of satisfaction that requires periodic or continual use of the drug.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 5

13. True or False? The effects of acute and chronic use with the same drug are always the same.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships Subject: Chapter 5

14. True or False? Individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease take a greater risk with OTC decongestants than other users.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Pathological Variables that Modify Drug Effects Subject: Chapter 5

15. True or False? The sedating effect of antihistamines is always an undesired side effect of these drugs.

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Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Intended and Unintended Effects of Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

16. True or False? The CNS depressant effects of alcohol and barbiturates interact in an antagonistic fashion.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Potentiative (Synergistic) Effects Subject: Chapter 5

17. True or False? The form in which a drug is administered does not influence the rate of passage into the bloodstream from the site of administration.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Forms and Methods of Taking Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

18. True or False? An important advantage of administering drugs intravenously is the speed of action.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Forms and Methods of Taking Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

19. True or False? The plateau effect is the maximum effect of a drug, regardless of its dose.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships Subject: Chapter 5

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20. True or False? The shorter the time interval between doses of a drug, the greater the likelihood of a cumulative effect from that drug.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships Subject: Chapter 5

21. True or False? Reverse tolerance is when tolerance to one drug causes tolerance to other, similar drugs.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Tolerance to Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

22. True or False? Psychological dependence rarely leads to drug abuse.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 5

23. True or False? Most people who use psychoactive drugs do not develop significant physical or psychological dependence.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 5

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Chapter 6 CNS Depressants: Sedative-Hypnotics

Multiple Choice

1. Depressants are often classified according to: A. their MSA rating.

B. the degree to which they react with alcohol.

C. the degree to which they decrease CNS activity.

D. the first letter in their names.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

2. A CNS depressant can: A. relieve anxiety.

B. be used as a sleep aid.

C. cause severe physical dependence.

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

3. Benzodiazepines are frequently used clinically to: A. aid in withdrawal from alcohol.

B. treat seizures.

C. preanesthetize a patient.

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

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4. Frequent use of benzodiazepines can lead to: A. withdrawal.

B. dependence.

C. tolerance.

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

5. Barbiturates are __________ Valium-like benzodiazepines.

A. safer than B. as safe as C. more dangerous than D. None of these is correct.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

6. Women’s reactions to barbiturates are most likely to be different than men’s because of differences in: A. hormones.

B. pH balance.

C. height.

D. body–fat ratio.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

7. Phenobarbital is classified in which of the following Schedules?

A. I B. II C. III D. IV

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Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

8. Which of the following statements concerning antihistamines is correct?

A. Tolerance to antihistamine-induced sedation develops slowly.

B. OTC antihistamines are frequently abused.

C. Many antihistamines can cause annoying anticholinergic side effects.

D. They do not significantly interact with other CNS depressants.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

9. Barbituric acid was synthesized in 1864 by: A. A. Bayer.

B. W. Excedrin.

C. J. Salk.

D. I. Westermann.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

10. Which of the following statements concerning barbiturates is incorrect?

A. Barbiturates affect the reticular activating system.

B. Women and men may respond differently to the barbiturates because of the difference in fat content of their bodies.

C. Repeated use of the barbiturates at short intervals can cause induction of metabolizing enzymes in the liver.

D. Barbiturates appear to increase the activity of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Answer: D Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

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11. Drugs often used to relieve symptoms of allergies and motion sickness are called: A. antihistamines.

B. analgesics.

C. methyprylones.

D. methaqualones.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

12. Which of the following statements concerning GHB is incorrect?

A. It is a natural substance in the body.

B. It is a CNS depressant.

C. It does not affect sleep patterns.

D. It is not available OTC. Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

13. Approximately __________ benzodiazepine compounds are currently available in the United States.

A. 5 B. 15 C. 25 D. 49 Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

14. __________, an ultrashort-acting barbiturate, is often used as anesthesia for minor surgery.

A. Amytal B. Luminal

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C. Pentothal D. Butisol Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

15. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Doses of barbiturates that are required to relieve anxiety can also suppress respiration.

B. Benzodiazepines are relatively safe when used for short periods of time.

C. Barbiturates are prescribed for the relief of anxiety more than the benzodiazepines.

D. The prescribing of depressants has declined over the last 20 years.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

16. Which of the following terms refers to drugs used to relieve anxiety?

A. Hypnotic B. Anxiolytic C. Analgesic D. Antipsychotic Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

17. Benzodiazepines are classified in which of the following Schedules?

A. I B. II C. IV D. V Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

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18. Which of the following statements is correct?

A. Narcotic addicts rarely combine benzodiazepines with heroin.

B. Sometimes benzodiazepines are combined with cocaine to reduce the “crash” after stimulant use.

C. Some benzodiazepines can cause paradoxical behavior such as nightmares, irritability, and restlessness.

D. Long-term use of benzodiazepines to treat anxiety or sleep disorders has not been shown to be therapeutically useful for most patients.

Answer: A Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

19. Which of the following is the most common cause of death resulting from a barbiturate overdose?

A. Respiratory or cardiovascular depression B. Seizures C. Hemorrhaging D. Heart attack or stroke Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

20. Barbiturates likely cause their depressant effects by enhancing which transmitter?

A. GABA B. Dopamine C. Acetylcholine D. Endorphin Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

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21. Phenobarbital is often used to treat which of the following conditions?

A. Migraine headaches B. Ulcers C. Pain D. Seizures Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

22. Which of the following statements concerning methaqualone is correct?

A. Methaqualone was used as “knock-out drops” on the Barbary Coast of San Francisco, and when mixed with alcohol was called a “Mickey Finn.”

B. Methaqualone has been used as an antimalarial agent.

C. Methaqualone is no longer manufactured in the United States.

D. High doses can cause psychological and physical dependence like that of barbiturates.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

23. Which of the following statements concerning GHB is incorrect?

A. Instructions for how to make GHB can be found on the Internet.

B. It is generally taken orally.

C. It has a very long half-life.

D. It has a rapid onset.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

True/False

1. True or False? Low doses of CNS depressants can cause sedative effects and relaxation.

Answer: True

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

2. True or False? Amnesia is a state of deep depression of the CNS and is characterized by controlled unconsciousness.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

3. True or False? Benzodiazepines and barbiturates are sometimes used to treat seizures.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

4. True or False? Benzodiazepines do not significantly interact with other CNS depressants.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

5. True or False? Patients using barbiturates to produce sleep usually wake up feeling rested and relaxed.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

6. True or False? Barbiturates appear to act on specific receptor sites, but benzodiazepines do not.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

7. True or False? Antihistamines are commonly used as OTC sleep aids.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

8. True or False? Antihistamines are sometimes used as sedatives.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

9. True or False? In high doses, some CNS depressants can cause anesthesia.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

10. True or False? On rare occasions, benzodiazepines can produce paradoxical effects such as anxiety or bizarre behavior.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

11. True or False? Because of the potential for GHB abuse, this substance has been scheduled by

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

the DEA. Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

12. True or False? Barbiturates can distort mood and impair judgment and motor skills.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

13. True or False? The nonbarbiturate CNS depressants are classified as Schedule II, Schedule III, and Schedule IV according to their relative potential for physical and psychological dependence and their perceived clinical usefulness.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

14. True or False? Dependence or abuse rarely develops when using antihistamines.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

15. True or False? The effects of the CNS depressants tend to be dose dependent; therefore, a high dose of a sedative has a hypnotic effect.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

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16. True or False? A person who is physically dependent on barbiturates can experience seizures if drug use is stopped abruptly.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

17. True or False? The presence of benzodiazepines increases the inhibitory effects of GABA. Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

18. True or False? Prolonged use of hypnotic doses of benzodiazepines can cause insomnia when the drug is stopped.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

19. True or False? Women’s reactions to barbiturates may differ from men because of their higher body–fat ratio.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Barbiturates Subject: Chapter 6

20. True or False? Methaqualone (Quaalude) is classified as a Schedule IV Controlled Substance.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate

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Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

21. True or False? Sympathomimetics are usually the active ingredient included in OTC sleep aids.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

22. True or False? Withdrawal from long-acting CNS depressants is more intense than withdrawal from short-acting ones.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Treatment for Withdrawal Subject: Chapter 6

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Chapter 7 Alcohol: Pharmacological Effects

Multiple Choice

1. The consumable type of alcohol that is the psychoactive ingredient in alcoholic beverages is: A. isopropanol.

B. ethanol.

C. ethylene glycol.

D. methanol.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Nature and History of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

2. The concentration of alcohol in wine coolers is usually about ___________%.

A. 1–5 B. 10–12 C. 15–25 D. 28–55 Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Properties of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

3. Alcohol withdrawal symptoms can include all of the following, except: A. anxiousness.

B. whole-body tremors.

C. constipation.

D. disorientation.

Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Dependence Subject: Chapter 7

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4. Liver disorders are responsible for __________% of the deaths associated with alcoholism.

A. 5 B. 15 C. 30 D. 50 Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Liver Subject: Chapter 7

5. Fetal alcohol syndrome is characterized by all of the following, except: A. growth retardation before and/or after birth.

B. excessive weight gain.

C. facial deformities.

D. mental retardation.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Fetus Subject: Chapter 7

6. Which of the following is the manner whereby the body loses fluids through alcohol’s diuretic action?

A. Perspiration B. Urine C. Saliva D. Tears Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Short-Term Effects Subject: Chapter 7

7. __________ is the process of making alcohol.

A. Fermentation B. Liquification C. Pasteurization D. Distillation

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Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Nature and History of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

8. One hundred proof alcohol has a __________ alcohol content.

A. 55% B. 50% C. 40% D. 45% Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Properties of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

9. As a rule, it takes __________ the number of hours as the number of drinks consumed to sober up completely.

A. equal B. half C. twice D. four times Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Physical Effects of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

10. The “hair of the dog” method for treating a hangover consists of: A. taking a drink of an alcoholic beverage.

B. kissing the family dog.

C. taking a drink of the same beverage that caused the hangover.

D. taking an aspirin-caffeine combination to counteract the side effects.

Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Short-Term Effects Subject: Chapter 7

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11. Regarding sexual performance and prolonged drug use, findings suggest that alcohol: A. has very little effect on sexual performance.

B. can cause inflammation of the prostate gland.

C. does not affect sperm production.

D. has more effect on women than men.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sexual Organs Subject: Chapter 7

True/False

1. True or False? Sometime in their lives, almost 80% of all Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related traffic accident.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Alcohol and Cancer Subject: Chapter 7

2. True or False? Recent studies suggest even moderate consumption of alcohol accounts for approximately 30% of alcohol-linked cancers each year.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Alcohol and Cancer Subject: Chapter 7

3. True or False? Alcohol at 70% concentration is actually an effective bactericide, but not recommended for use on open wounds.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Properties of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

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4. True or False? The liver metabolizes alcohol at a rate directly proportional to the amount ingested.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Physical Effects of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

5. True or False? Coffee is not effective in “sobering up” the individual with a hangover.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Short-Term Effects Subject: Chapter 7

6. True or False? The third stage of alcohol-induced liver disease is not reversible.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Liver Subject: Chapter 7

7. True or False? Typically, the majority of the calories consumed by most alcoholics come from alcoholic beverages.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Malnutrition Subject: Chapter 7

8. True or False? Teenagers tend to consume alcohol in a binging fashion.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Under-Age Drinking

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Subject: Chapter 7

9. True or False? The BAC directly measures the concentration of alcohol in the brain.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Physical Effects of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

10. True or False? A safe level of alcohol a pregnant woman can consume has not been established.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Fetus Subject: Chapter 7

11. True or False? The effects of a low dose of alcohol are more likely to be influenced by the environment than the effects of high doses.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Short-Term Effects Subject: Chapter 7

12. True or False? Behavioral tolerance is due to changes in the manner in which alcohol affects the body.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Physical Effects of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

13. True or False? Although an alcoholic may metabolize alcohol more rapidly than a nonalcoholic, the alcohol toxicity level of alcohol typically stays the same.

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Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Alcohol and Tolerance Subject: Chapter 7

14. True or False? Alcohol is a psychoactive substance because it depresses brain activity.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Nature and History of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

15. True or False? Alcohol is the leading cause of premature death in America.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Impact of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

16. True or False? Ninety proof whiskey has a 45% alcohol content.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Properties of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

17. True or False? Generally, the more food in the stomach, the greater the absorption rate of alcohol.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Physical Effects of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

18. True or False? Using other types of drugs with alcohol is called polydrug use.

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Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Polydrug Use Subject: Chapter 7

19. True or False? Every part of the brain and nervous system is affected and can be damaged by alcohol.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Physical Effects of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

20. True or False? It is thought that malnutrition exaggerates the damage alcohol can do to the body’s organs.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Malnutrition Subject: Chapter 7

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Multiple Choice

1. A Gallup Poll indicates that _____% Americans who drink alcohol choose beer, followed by liquor at 26%, while ____% prefer wine.

A. 33; 78 B. 28; 51 C. 40; 30 D. 70; 70 Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Statistics and Trends in Alcohol Consumption Subject: Chapter 8

2. A subtype of alcoholic that has a stable work and family life, is middle-aged, and is welleducated is classified as: A. young antisocial subtype.

B. chronic severe subtype.

C. casual subtype.

D. functional subtype.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Alcoholics Subject: Chapter 8

3. It is believed that __________ was the first method for making alcohol, dating back to 4200 BC. A. distilling B. brewing C. fermentation D. alcohol intensification synthesis Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Considerations Subject: Chapter 8

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4. The __________ Amendment was responsible for Prohibition.

A. 13th B. 14th C. 18th D. 19th Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: From the Temperance Movement (1830–1850) to the Prohibition Era (1920–1933) Subject: Chapter 8

5. Which of the following is a reason for the increase in women’s reported alcohol problems?

A. Women drinkers are more visible, as they make up one-half of the work force.

B. Women are more likely to seek treatment, especially in white-collar occupations.

C. Women drinkers today have become more detectable because family members are more likely to convince a woman to seek help for drinking.

D. Women drinkers are more visible because women make up one-half of the work force, and they are more likely to seek treatment, especially in white-collar occupations.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cultural Differences Subject: Chapter 8

6. Which of the following cultures strongly supports Delta-type alcoholics?

A. French B. Italian C. Irish and English D. French and Italian Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Alcoholics Subject: Chapter 8

7. The behavior exhibited and expected while under the influence of alcohol, determined by the norms and expectations that prevail in a particular culture, is defined as: A. disinhibition.

B. drunken comportment.

C. pseudointoxication.

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D. All of these are correct.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Culture and Disinhibited Behavior Subject: Chapter 8

8. Which of the following ethnic cultures is most often associated with binge drinking?

A. Polish and Finnish B. Greek and French C. Russian D. Polish, Finnish, and Russian.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Culture Provides Rules for Drinking Behavior Subject: Chapter 8

9. In the 21- to 25-year-old college age group, ____ used alcohol, ____ binged, and ____ engaged in alcohol heavy use (SAMSHA 2019).

A. 46%; 22%; 8% B. 51%; 33%; 12% C. 66%; 42%; 11% D. 85%; 57%; 19% Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Figure 8.1c Subject: Chapter 8

10. In a marriage, alcohol is a primary predictor of: A. marital violence.

B. marital infidelity.

C. divorce.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Role of Alcohol in Domestic Violence Subject: Chapter 8

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11. The highest economic cost for the nation regarding alcohol abuse is: A. lost productivity.

B. healthcare costs.

C. crime.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Figure 8.4 Subject: Chapter 8

12. Which of the following would have most likely been a promoter of the temperance movement?

A. White farmer B. African American church member C. Politician D. Affluent white church member Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: From the Temperance Movement (1830–1850) to the Prohibition Era (1920–1933) Subject: Chapter 8

13. What type of alcoholic is characterized as a moderate drinker who becomes abusive and violent?

A. Alpha alcoholic B. Gamma alcoholic C. Epsilon alcoholic D. Zeta alcoholic Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Alcoholics Subject: Chapter 8

14. With regard to women metabolizing alcohol differently than men, all of the following are significant factors except for:

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A. body size.

B. amount of body fat.

C. their lower amounts of metabolizing enzymes.

D. the presence of estrogen and age.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Alcohol Consumption Patterns of Women Subject: Chapter 8

15. A condition that can occur during alcohol withdrawal, which includes hallucinations, mental confusion, fever, and a rapid heartbeat, is known as: A. delirium tremens.

B. relapse syndrome.

C. an alcoholic seizure.

D. the shakies or what is termed the “whiskey shakes.”

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Getting Through Withdrawal Subject: Chapter 8

16. Being __________ has also been associated with non-acceptance of heavy drinking.

A. church affiliated B. older C. married D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cultural Stereotypes of Drinking May be Misleading Subject: Chapter 8

17. In 2018, _____% of 12th graders reported having been drunk once in their lifetime.

A. 60 B. 43 C. 30 D. 23 Answer: B

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Complexity: Easy Ahead: Underage Alcohol Use Subject: Chapter 8

18. __________ have the highest rate of current use (non-binge) alcohol consumption.

A. Whites B. African Americans C. Hispanics D. Asians Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Age 12 or Older by Ethnicity and Race Subject: Chapter 8

19. Which of the following is an organization that lobbies against alcohol-impaired driving and for stricter enforcement of laws?

A. MADD B. NORML C. SADD D. MADD and SADD Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse Subject: Chapter 8

20. Which of the following occurred because of Prohibition?

A. Alcohol use diminished in the first 2 or 3 years.

B. Enforcement of laws was thwarted by corrupt law enforcement officials.

C. Immigrants perceived Prohibition as unnecessary and an infringement on their cultural beliefs and practices.

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: From the Temperance Movement (1830–1850) to the Prohibition Era (1920–1933) Subject: Chapter 8

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21. Gamma alcoholism contains the characteristics of: A. being the least severe form of alcoholism.

B. consisting of individuals who are stable and emotionally secure.

C. being a true disease and progressing from a psychological to physical dependence.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Alcoholics Subject: Chapter 8

22. In 2013, adults 18 and older who had __________ were less likely to be binge drinkers.

A. some college but no degree B. graduated from college C. attended graduate school D. All of these are correct.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Education and Alcohol Use Subject: Chapter 8

23. When drinkers perceive themselves as drunk despite consuming little alcohol, it is known as: A. drunken comportment.

B. pseudointoxication.

C. psychological underflow.

D. inebriation overflow.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Culture and Disinhibited Behavior Subject: Chapter 8

24. Regarding alcohol use, a more important factor that is most likely to exert the most influence on a person’s view is largely: A. wealth (assets).

B. income (money coming in).

C. age (chronological).

D. socialization (upbringing).

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Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Culture Provides Attitudes Regarding Alcohol Consumption Subject: Chapter 8

25. The family therapy system developed by Jacques Moreno in which significant interpersonal issues are acted out in a focused setting using dramatic techniques is known as: A. geographic.

B. stress disorder enactment.

C. psychodrama.

D. retroactive reintegration.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Helping the Alcoholic Family Recover Subject: Chapter 8

True/False

1. True or False? A higher percentage of men prefer drinking beer than do women.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Current Statistics and Trends in Alcohol Consumption Subject: Chapter 8

2. True or False? Most people who consume alcohol become problem drinkers.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Percentages of the Drinking Population: A Pyramid Model Subject: Chapter 8

3. True or False? More than 10% of U.S. children live with a problematic alcoholic parent.

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Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse Subject: Chapter 8

4. True or False? The temperance movement originally began with the goal of seeking moderation, not total abstinence.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: From the Temperance Movement (1830–1850) to the Prohibition Era (1920–1933) Subject: Chapter 8

5. True or False? Although the alcohol abuser has fewer occasions of uncontrolled drinking than the alcoholic, the alcohol abuser’s drinking remains uncontrollable when it occurs.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Subject: Chapter 8

6. True or False? In some subcultures, excessive alcohol use is an indication of manhood, strength, and virility.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Culture and Disinhibited Behavior Subject: Chapter 8

7. True or False? Alcohol use has not been proven a factor in date rape, unplanned pregnancies, STDs, or HIV. Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Alcohol and Sex Subject: Chapter 8

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8. True or False? Children of alcoholics are at high risk for developing the similar attachment to alcohol as their parents.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Children of Alcoholics and Adult Children of Alcoholics Subject: Chapter 8

9. True or False? Delirium tremens that can occur during withdrawal is not harmful and should probably be allowed to run its course.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Getting Through Withdrawal Subject: Chapter 8

10. True or False? With regard to the three types of alcohol (beer, wine coolers, and liquor) used by junior high and high school students, we find that from 8th through 12th grades, alcohol consumption substantially decreases.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Alcohol and the Very Young Subject: Chapter 8

11. True or False? Craving is defined as a need to continually increase the amount of alcohol consumed from the night before.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cultural Differences Subject: Chapter 8

12. True or False? Disinhibition refers to the depression of cerebral cortex functioning, resulting in a suspension of rational or thoughtful constraints on behavior.

Answer: True

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Complexity: Easy Ahead: Culture and Disinhibited Behavior Subject: Chapter 8

13. True or False? Generally, religiously associated community college students have the highest rate of binge drinkers.

Answer: False Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Binge Drinking Subject: Chapter 8

14. True or False? Families often bear the psychological costs of alcohol abuse.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Children of Alcoholics and Adult Children of Alcoholics Subject: Chapter 8

15. True or False? A disturbingly high percentage of female alcoholics have a history of being physically or sexually abused as children.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Role of Alcohol in Domestic Violence Subject: Chapter 8

16. True or False? Because the family of an alcoholic is often injured and traumatized, an important part of therapy is to treat the family for posttraumatic stress disorder.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Helping the Alcoholic Family Recover Subject: Chapter 8

17. True or False? Latest statistics indicate that approximately 55% of U.S. young adults are

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current drinkers.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Age Differences Subject: Chapter 8

18. True or False? The economic costs of alcohol abuse to society are staggering.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Economic Costs of Alcohol Abuse Subject: Chapter 8

19. True or False? Bootlegging involved illegally making, distributing, and selling alcoholic beverages during the Prohibition era in the United States.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: From the Temperance Movement (1830–1850) to the Prohibition Era (1920–1933) Subject: Chapter 8

20. True or False? In alcohol abuse, physical dependence is more pronounced than in alcoholism.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Subject: Chapter 8

21. True or False? Setting refers to the individual’s expectation of what the drug will do to his or her personality.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Culture and Disinhibited Behavior Subject: Chapter 8

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22. True or False? SAMHSA 2019 reports that once again, the 21- to 25-year-old age group has the highest rate of alcohol consumption.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Children of Alcoholics and Adult Children of Alcoholics Subject: Chapter 8

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Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The invention of the hypodermic needle in 1853 worsened the problem of morphine addiction.

B. Morphine was injected extensively during the Civil War, causing a high rate of morphine addiction in the soldiers returning home after the war.

C. Patent medicines containing opium did not significantly contribute to opium addiction in this country at the turn of the century.

D. The average opiate addict in the early 1900s was a middle-aged, Southern, white woman.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: American Opium Use Subject: Chapter 9

2. Which of the following was the first use of heroin in the United States?

A. Sleep aid B. Antidepressant C. Analgesic D. Cough suppressant Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: American Opium Use Subject: Chapter 9

3. Codeine is a(n): A. antipyretic.

B. antitussive.

C. NSAID. D. antipyretic and antitussive.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Other Therapeutic Uses Subject: Chapter 9

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4. Which of the following is a clinical use for the drug naloxone?

A. Treatment of the person who has overdosed on narcotics B. Relieving withdrawal symptoms in the narcotic abuser who has become dependent C. Treatment of severe pain D. Relaxing a patient who is very stressed Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Naloxone/Naltrexone Subject: Chapter 9

5. Which of the following drugs is most commonly combined with heroin?

A. Alcohol B. Cocaine C. LSD D. Valium Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

6. Which of the following is a symptom of withdrawal from heroin?

A. Runny nose B. Diarrhea C. Vomiting D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

7. Which of the following statements concerning methadone is correct?

A. Methadone is as addictive as heroin if injected.

B. It does not have cross-tolerance with other narcotic drugs.

C. Post-addiction craving for heroin is not suppressed by methadone use.

D. Methadone does not have the same side effects as heroin.

Answer: A

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Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Methadone Subject: Chapter 9

8. Which of the following is the generic name for Demerol?

A. Codeine B. Meperidine C. Hydromorphone D. Pentazocine Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Meperidine Subject: Chapter 9

9. Talwin is the trade name for: A. codeine.

B. meperidine.

C. pentazocine.

D. propoxyphene.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pentazocine Subject: Chapter 9

10. Which of the following is not a clinical use of narcotics?

A. Treatment of pain B. Reduction of congestion C. Treatment of diarrhea D. As antitussives Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

11. Which of the following is not likely to be a significant direct side effect of narcotics?

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A. Diarrhea B. Slow breathing C. Drowsiness D. Nausea Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

12. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Most heroin addicts “mainline” the drug.

B. Withdrawal symptoms from heroin use resemble a bad cold.

C. It requires approximately 5–7 days to recover from the physical symptoms of heroin withdrawal.

D. Withdrawal symptoms from each narcotic are very different.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

13. The synthesis of designer versions of what drug results in the byproduct MPTP? A. Codeine B. Heroin C. Morphine D. Meperidine Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: MPTP: A “Designer” Tragedy Subject: Chapter 9

14. Which of the following is the principal therapeutic use of dextromethorphan?

A. Pain relief B. Treatment of diarrhea C. Treatment of narcotic addiction D. Cough relief Answer: D

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Complexity: Easy Ahead: Dextromethorphan Subject: Chapter 9

15. Which of the following was the principal reason for the “opium wars” between China and Great Britain?

A. The Chinese attacked the British because of their mistreatment of Chinese citizens.

B. The British attacked the Chinese because of Chinese opposition to the British opium trade in China.

C. The British attacked the Chinese because the Chinese were shipping opium to England.

D. The Chinese attacked the British because they would not allow the Chinese to ship opium to England.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Opium in China Subject: Chapter 9

16. In 1914, the regulation of opium began with the: A. Harrison Narcotic Act. B. Tyler Drug Act. C. McKinley Drug Control Act. D. None of these is correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: American Opium Use Subject: Chapter 9

17. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Heroin was originally marketed as a cough suppressant.

B. Heroin was originally developed in order to replace morphine with a less-addictive narcotic.

C. Heroin is currently classified as a Schedule II drug in this country.

D. When injected, heroin tends to be more addicting than most other narcotics because of a rapid intense feeling of euphoria.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: American Opium Use Subject: Chapter 9

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18. Heroin is classified as a __________ drug and cannot be used clinically in the United States.

A. Schedule I B. Schedule II C. Schedule III D. Schedule IV Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

19. The narcotics mimic which of the following neurotransmitters?

A. GABA B. Acetylcholine C. Serotonin D. Endorphins Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

20. Mainlining refers to: A. injecting drugs under the skin.

B. intramuscular injection.

C. sniffing the powder drug.

D. intravenous injection.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Patterns of Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

21. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Morphine is a more potent analgesic than heroin.

B. Narcotic use often causes nausea and constricted pupils.

C. Morphine is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance.

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D. Tolerance to the effects of morphine can develop quickly if it is used continually.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Morphine Subject: Chapter 9

22. Which of the following statements concerning OxyContin is incorrect?

A. This is a proprietary name for oxycodone.

B. This is a long-acting product.

C. This drug is never abused by high school students.

D. Recent formulations of this drug make it more difficult to abuse.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Oxycodone Subject: Chapter 9

23. Use of MPTP causes which of the following diseases?

A. Alzheimer’s disease B. Cancer C. Parkinson’s-like condition D. Epilepsy Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: MPTP: A “Designer” Tragedy Subject: Chapter 9

24. Clonidine is used to treat which of the following?

A. Opiate withdrawal B. Opiate overdoses C. Severe pain D. Opiate allergic reactions Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Clonidine Subject: Chapter 9

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True/False

1. True or False? Opium was a great problem for several centuries in China.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Opium in China Subject: Chapter 9

2. True or False? Used in high doses, narcotics can relieve the intense pain associated with some types of cancer.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

3. True or False? Narcotics are often combined with aspirin to treat pain.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

4. True or False? Narcotics work by blocking the opioid receptors.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

5. True or False? Heroin addicts can experience a psychological “high” from playing with the needle and syringe they use to inject the drug.

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Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

6. True or False? Most people are “hooked” on heroin after the first administration.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

7. True or False? The severity of withdrawal from opioids depends on the purity and strength of the drugs.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

8. True or False? Methadone is never abused.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Methadone Subject: Chapter 9

9. True or False? Codeine is not as effective an analgesic as morphine.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Codeine Subject: Chapter 9

10. True or False? When administered alone, naloxone is a potent stimulant.

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Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Naloxone/Naltrexone Subject: Chapter 9

11. True or False? Because of their abuse potential, narcotic drugs are no longer used very much for therapy.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

12. True or False? Narcotic analgesics can depress respiration.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

13. True or False? The abuse of narcotics is only an inner city problem.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

14. True or False? Codeine is frequently used to help narcotic addicts stop using heroin or another more addictive drug.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Methadone Subject: Chapter 9

15. True or False? Fentanyl can be made into “designer” drugs.

Copyright © 2022 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 10 SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Fentanyls Subject: Chapter 9

16. True or False? Most AIDS patients who contracted the disease because of drug injection are heroin users.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

17. True or False? Codeine in cough medicine can be sold without a prescription in some states.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Codeine Subject: Chapter 9

18. True or false? Narcotics mimic the effects of the endorphins.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

19. True or false? It is likely that the pain-relieving effects of acupuncture are related to the release of endorphins.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

Copyright © 2022 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 11 SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

20. True or false? Most pain can be relieved by narcotic analgesics.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

21. True or false? Heroin is classified as a Schedule I drug by the DEA. Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

22. True or false? Heroin has become purer and cheaper than ever before.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

23. True or false? Withdrawals from chronic heroin use often are lethal if not treated.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Heroin Abuse Subject: Chapter 9

24. True or false? All of the narcotic addicts who participate in methadone maintenance programs are eventually withdrawn from the methadone.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Methadone Subject: Chapter 9

Copyright © 2022 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 12 SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

25. True or false? MPTP ingestion causes a condition that resembles Parkinson’s disease.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: MPTP: A “Designer” Tragedy Subject: Chapter 9

26. True or false? Naloxone is used as an antidote for narcotic overdoses.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Naloxone/Naltrexone Subject: Chapter 9

27. True or false? Hydrocodone typically has little abuse potential and is a Schedule IV drug.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Naloxone/Naltrexone Subject: Chapter 9

Copyright © 2022 by Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, an Ascend Learning Company 13 SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Multiple Choice

1. In Latin America, coca is traditionally seen as: A. a desirable substance.

B. a big cash crop.

C. a desirable substance and a big cash crop.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

2. Cocaine production __________ in Colombia during 2000–2008.

A. increased B. significantly declined C. remained the same D. We do not know.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

3. __________ of cocaine allows the most intense but short-lived high, causing severe side effects and dependence.

A. Intravenous administration B. Snorting C. Oral administration D. None of these is correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

4. Which of the following best describes “freebased” cocaine?

A. Cocaine crushed for snorting

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

B. Cocaine converted to its liquid form for IV injection C. Cocaine combined with heroin to increase potency D. Cocaine converted to a more appropriate form for smoking Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

5. Which of the following forms of cocaine administration became popular in the 1980s due to fear of diseases transmitted by hypodermic needles?

A. Oral B. Smoking C. IV D. Snorting Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

6. The mechanism of cocaine’s pharmacological action on the brain most closely resembles that of which of the following groups of drugs?

A. Antipsychotics B. Antidepressants C. Antianxiety drugs D. Pain relievers Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

7. Which of the following drugs was used by modern man as the first local anesthetic for surgery?

A. Cocaine B. Amphetamine C. Methamphetamine D. Ritalin

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

8. The intensity of cocaine withdrawal is proportional to: A. the amount used.

B. the duration of use.

C. the intensity of use.

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

9. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. People experiencing withdrawal from cocaine dependence are usually depressed and have a high suicide rate.

B. Withdrawal from cocaine interferes with one’s ability to experience pleasure.

C. Most cocaine-dependent persons only abuse cocaine.

D. Cocaine may adversely affect the fetus when used during pregnancy.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

10. Which of the following statements concerning “cocaethylene” is incorrect?

A. It enhances the cardiovascular toxicity of cocaine.

B. It enhances the euphoria of cocaine.

C. It is a “designer” cocaine sold in the streets.

D. It is often found in the bodies of victims who overdosed on cocaine.

Answer: C Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Therapeutic Drug Treatment Subject: Chapter 10

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

11. Which of the following is least likely to be caused by chronic high doses of amphetamines?

A. Hallucinations B. Antisocial behavior C. Feelings of bugs crawling under the skin D. Extreme hunger Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

12. Which of the following describes “ice”?

A. Cocaine that is smoked B. Methamphetamine that is smoked C. Cocaine that is injected D. Methamphetamine that is injected Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

13. Anorexiants are drugs that: A. suppress appetite.

B. treat bedwetting.

C. counteract depression.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

14. Which of the following statements concerning amphetamines is incorrect?

A. They were used by soldiers during World War II and the Korean War to counter fatigue.

B. Truck drivers making long hauls were one of the earliest distribution systems for illicit amphetamines.

C. Methamphetamine and amphetamine are actually the same drug.

D. In recent years, pilots in the Air Force used amphetamines to reduce fatigue.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

15. Which of the following best explains how the amphetamines cause their pharmacological effects?

A. They cause release of the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain.

B. They directly stimulate the synthesis of dopamine in the brain.

C. They directly stimulate the receptors for dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain.

D. Their mechanism of action is unknown.

Answer: A Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

16. The most common legal use of amphetamines is for the treatment of: A. narcolepsy.

B. hyperkinesis.

C. seizures.

D. depression.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

17. Which of the following is not an effect of amphetamines?

A. Calming effect on children with attention deficit disorders B. Anorexiant effects C. Decrease in heart rate D. Elevation of blood pressure Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

18. The term speed refers to which of the following?

A. Ecstasy B. Cocaine C. Ritalin used illegally D. Illegal methamphetamine Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

19. The xanthines are: A. depressants.

B. antidepressants.

C. stimulants.

D. tranquilizers.

Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Minor Stimulants Subject: Chapter 10

True/False

1. True or False? Today, the most common FDA-approved use of amphetamines is as a diet aid to treat obesity.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

2. True or False? Amphetamine drugs are relatively easy to synthesize if the chemicals are available.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

3. True or False? Illegal methamphetamine labs can be very dangerous because they often have very toxic and explosive chemicals.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

4. True or False? Persistent use of amphetamines to maintain a high can cause hyperpyrexia.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

5. True or False? Nonhealing ulcers, considerable weight loss, kidney damage, and seizures are all common results of continued use of massive doses of amphetamines.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

6. True or False? Speed freaks often live and use drugs together with addicts who use LSD. Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

7. True or False? Amphetamines and cocaine are often used together with barbiturates and

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

benzodiazepine.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

8. True or False? MDMA (Ecstasy) has been approved by the FDA for testing as a treatment for psychiatric disorders.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

9. True or False? Methylphenidate (Ritalin) is sometimes abused by college students.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

10. True or False? In the late 1800s, the use of cocaine in a popular wine was endorsed by the Catholic Pope.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

11. True or False? Throughout the 20th century, the dangerous nature of cocaine use has been typically recognized by the general public.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

12. True or False? From the start, Sigmund Freud warned about the dangers of cocaine.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

13. True or False? During the third cocaine era, cocaine was only a problem of the rich and famous.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

14. True or False? Crack is made by taking powdered cocaine hydrochloride and adding sodium bicarbonate and water.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

15. True or False? “Freebasing” is a method of reducing impurities in cocaine and preparing it for smoking.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

16. True or False? Cocaine was the first local anesthetic used in modern-day medicine.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Cocaine

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Subject: Chapter 10

17. True or False? The “crash,” withdrawal, and extinction are the three main stages of cocaine withdrawal.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cocaine Subject: Chapter 10

18. True or False? Most cocaine-dependent persons use little alcohol.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Therapeutic Drug Treatment Subject: Chapter 10

19. True or False? Pepsi-Cola contains more caffeine than a cup of coffee.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Table 10.4 Caffeine-Like Drugs (Xanthines) Subject: Chapter 10

20. True or False? A chocolate drink, such as cocoa, contains as much caffeine as does a cup of coffee.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Table 10.4 Caffeine-Like Drugs (Xanthines) Subject: Chapter 10

21. True or False? Caffeine is the principal xanthine in chocolate.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Ahead: Caffeine-Like Drugs (Xanthines) Subject: Chapter 10

22. True or False? Caffeine appears to have some analgesic effects.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Caffeine-Like Drugs (Xanthines) Subject: Chapter 10

23. True or False? Adverse effects usually do not begin until caffeine doses greater than 2 grams are consumed.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Caffeine-Like Drugs (Xanthines) Subject: Chapter 10

24. True or False? Although not completely proven, some researchers suggest that consumption of large amounts of caffeine can result in cancers of the bladder, ovaries, colon, and kidneys.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Caffeine-Like Drugs (Xanthines) Subject: Chapter 10

25. True or False? The absorption rate for caffeine from the gut is highly variable between users.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Caffeine-Like Drugs (Xanthines) Subject: Chapter 10

26. True or False? Look-alike or act-alike drugs contain illegal stimulants.

Answer: False

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Caffeine-Like Drugs (Xanthines) Subject: Chapter 10

27. True or False? The FDA banned the OTC use of ephedrine.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Sympathomimetics Subject: Chapter 10

28. True or False? Herbal stimulants have not been associated with serious health problems.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Herbal Stimulants Subject: Chapter 10

29. True or False? Ephedrine and some OTC sympathomimetics can be converted into methamphetamine.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Sympathomimetics Subject: Chapter 10

30. True or False? Amphetamine was available in OTC nasal decongestant inhalers until the late 1940s.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

31. True or False? At one time, amphetamines were promoted as a treatment for depression, hiccups, and schizophrenia.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Amphetamines Subject: Chapter 10

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Multiple Choice

1. The first European to inhale tobacco smoke was most likely: A. Rodrigo de Jerez.

B. Jean Nicot.

C. Bartolome de las Casas.

D. Christopher Columbus.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Popularity in the Western World Subject: Chapter 11

2. Which of the following is not a symptom of nicotine poisoning?

A. Mental confusion B. Vomiting C. Addiction D. Difficulty breathing Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Effects of Nicotine on the Central Nervous System Subject: Chapter 11

3. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act: A. required financial penalties from parents if their children are found smoking cigarettes.

B. gave the FDA the ability to regulate marketing and promotion of tobacco products.

C. gave the DEA the authority to prosecute dealers who sell cigarettes to minors.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Government Regulation Subject: Chapter 11

4. People who stop smoking at between the ages of 25 and 34 years live approximately _______ longer than if they did not stop smoking.

A. 6 months

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

B. 2 years C. 10 years D. 20 years Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benefits of Cessation Subject: Chapter 11

5. __________ is a lung disease common among smokers.

A. Angina B. Emphysema C. Acid reflux D. Aneurysm Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Bronchopulmonary Disease Subject: Chapter 11

6. __________ is another term for secondhand smoke.

A. Environmental tobacco smoke B. Mainstream smoke C. Downstream smoke D. Midstream smoke Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Secondhand Smoke Subject: Chapter 11

7. Secondhand smoke: A. is not dangerous as it is relatively free from hazardous chemicals.

B. contains approximately 70 carcinogens.

C. is also known as mainstream smoke.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Secondhand Smoke

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Subject: Chapter 11

True/False

1. True or False? In 1930, health-warning labels appeared on all cigarette packages.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Government Regulation Subject: Chapter 11

2. True or False? Nicotine is a stimulant.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Effects of Nicotine on the Central Nervous System Subject: Chapter 11

3. True or False? Nicotine increases the release of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, in the brain.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Effects of Nicotine on the Central Nervous System Subject: Chapter 11

4. True or False? Smoking by pregnant women may result in premature birth and high birth weight.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Effects on Pregnancy Subject: Chapter 11

5. True or False? Nicotine is one of thousands of chemicals in cigarettes.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Pharmacology of Nicotine Subject: Chapter 11

6. True or False? In 2004, the U.S. Surgeon General first reported that cigarette smoking is a cause of lung cancer.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Government Regulation Subject: Chapter 11

7. True or False? Scientific studies have concluded that cigarette smoking is not a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cardiovascular Disease Subject: Chapter 11

8. True or False? Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for developing cancer of the cervix.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Cancer Subject: Chapter 11

9. True or False? Nicotine patches are available by prescription only.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Motivation to Quit Subject: Chapter 11

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

10. True or False? Secondhand smoke is smoke released into the air from a lighted cigarette, cigar, or pipe tip, as well as exhaled smoke.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Secondhand Smoke Subject: Chapter 11

11. True or False? Smoking-related illnesses in the United States cost more than $300 billion each year.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Tobacco Use: Scope of the Problem Subject: Chapter 11

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements concerning the “designer amphetamines” is correct?

A. Use of MDA dulls the sense of touch.

B. MDA use typically causes LSD-like visual and auditory hallucinations.

C. Compared to MDA, MDMA has more psychedelic and less stimulant activity.

D. MDA is also known as “Ecstasy.”

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Phenylethylamine Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

2. Which of the following statements concerning anticholinergic hallucinogens is incorrect?

A. In ancient societies, these drugs were used as poisons for assassinations.

B. These drugs are found in many plants that belong to the potato family.

C. These drugs tend to stimulate salivation.

D. They work by blocking the activity of the acetylcholine receptor.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Anticholinergic Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

3. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Atropine is found in the deadly nightshade plant.

B. Anticholinergic drugs can cause drowsiness and sedation.

C. The mandrake plant contains anticholinergic drugs.

D. Jimsonweed is commonly abused by teenagers in this country.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Anticholinergic Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

4. Which of the following is least likely to be caused by phencyclidine?

A. General anesthesia B. Delirium and psychotic behavior

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

C. Generalized numbness at low doses D. Reduced activity of the sympathetic nervous system Answer: D Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Other Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

5. Which of the following statements concerning PCP is incorrect?

A. It is frequently sold as, or substituted for, LSD. B. PCP usually causes pleasant and mellow effects.

C. PCP can give the user a sense of strength, power, and invulnerability.

D. It can cause perceptual distortions resulting in serious accidents.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

6. Drugs with similar structures are called: A. analogs.

B. replicas.

C. catatonias.

D. volatiles.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

7. Which of the following statements concerning PCP toxicity is incorrect?

A. Diagnosis of a PCP toxicity is frequently missed because the symptoms closely resemble an acute schizophrenic episode.

B. There are specific antagonists available to treat acute overdoses of PCP. C. Valium is often used to sedate the agitation caused by PCP. D. Long-term use can cause vague cravings after cessation of PCP use.

Answer: B Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Other Hallucinogens

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Subject: Chapter 12

8. Which of the following drugs is most like PCP? A. Ketamine B. LSD C. Peyote D. MDMA Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

9. Approximately what percentage of high school seniors sampled LSD in 2018?

A. 3 B. 9 C. 15 D. 20 Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Hallucinogen Use Today Subject: Chapter 12

10. LSD can be purchased in which of the following forms?

A. Tablets B. Capsules C. Blotter paper D. All of these forms can be purchased.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Traditional Hallucinogens: LSD Types Subject: Chapter 12

11. The League of Spiritual Discovery used __________ as the sacrament.

A. mescaline B. LSD

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

C. peyote D. None of these is correct.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Timothy Leary and the League of Spiritual Discovery Subject: Chapter 12

12. Users of LSD can experience which of the following stages?

A. Loss of control B. Heightened, exaggerated senses C. Self-reflection D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

13. The recurrence of an earlier drug-induced sensory experience in the absence of the drug is called a: A. “do-over.”

B. “flashback.”

C. “repeat.”

D. “flasher.”

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

14. Which of the following best describes the synesthesia caused by hallucinogens?

A. A diminished sense of reality B. A sense of being lost and threatened by the experience C. “Flashbacks” D. A crossover of the senses Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Subject: Chapter 12

15. Which of the following statements concerning the effects of hallucinogens like LSD is incorrect?

A. They can cause vivid and unusual visual and auditory effects.

B. The user is usually able to control the psychedelic experience.

C. The user can experience a sense of cosmic merging.

D. A sense of lost identity caused by using a hallucinogen can be very disturbing to some users.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

16. Hallucinogens most likely exert their sensory effects by altering which of the following transmitter systems?

A. Serotonin B. Dopamine C. Noradrenalin D. Epinephrine Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

17. Which of the following hallucinogens is not considered to be an LSD-type drug?

A. Peyote B. MDMA C. Psilocybin D. DMT Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

18. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

A. LSD is classified as a phenylethylamine type of hallucinogen.

B. MDMA has both stimulant and hallucinogenic effects.

C. High doses of anticholinergic drugs can cause hallucinogenic effects.

D. Hallucinogens can cause the user to become aware of thoughts and feelings that had been forgotten or repressed.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

True/False

1. True or False? PCP was originally developed as a general anesthetic.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

2. True or False? Use of hallucinogens is primarily a young adult phenomenon.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

3. True or False? Marijuana can aggravate an underlying mental illness such as depression.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

4. True or False? High doses of dextromethorphan cause effects that are similar to those caused

by PCP.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

5. True or False? Access to the hallucinogenic herb Salvia divinorum has been promoted through the Internet.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Naturally Occurring Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

6. True or False? Intense use of PCP can cause severe psychotic and often violent behavior.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Other Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

7. True or False? PCP is sometimes used to treat hospitalized schizophrenic patients.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other Hallucinogens Subject: Chapter 12

8. True or False? Tolerance to LSD does not usually occur.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

9. True or False? Many LSD users find their sense of time distorted.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

10. True or False? LSD alters perception such that any sensation can be perceived in the extreme.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

11. True or False? Flashbacks can usually be controlled by the drug user and only occur when desired.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

12. True or False? LSD has not been proven to cause substantial damage to chromosomes when used by men.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

13. True or False? LSD has not been shown to have carcinogenic or mutagenic effects on humans.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

14. True or False? Most mescaline purchased on the streets in big cities is relatively pure.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

15. True or False? Psilocybin was first used by the early natives of Central America more than 2000 years ago.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

16. True or False? Authentic mescaline is rarely sold in the streets.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

17. True or False? High doses of nutmeg can cause a hallucinogenic effect.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Multiple Choice

1. In Ganja in Jamaica, authors Rubin and Comitas found that in contrast to popular beliefs about marijuana users in the United States, Jamaican users who constantly used marijuana were: A. suffering from extensive amounts of amotivational syndrome.

B. involved in deviant and criminal activity.

C. extremely diligent and hard working.

D. unreliable and very unproductive.

Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 13

2. The first known record of marijuana use, in the Chinese Book of Drugs, refers to the __________ use of marijuana.

A. medical B. recreational C. spiritual D. problematic Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Roots of Marijuana Subject: Chapter 13

3. During the late 1930s, marijuana was misperceived by the scientific and medical communities as inducing: A. acts of sexual excitement and violence.

B. amotivational behavior.

C. permanent mental illness.

D. severe medical problems.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Roots of Marijuana Subject: Chapter 13

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

4. __________ refers to the process of leaving drug-using groups and behaviors behind as one grows older and takes on more socially acceptable responsibilities.

A. Age leapfrogging B. Social referencing C. Drug habituation D. Maturing out Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Is Marijuana Really a Gateway Drug?

Subject: Chapter 13

5. The Marijuana Tax Act classified marijuana incorrectly as a: A. hallucinogen.

B. narcotic.

C. stimulant.

D. barbiturate.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Roots of Marijuana Subject: Chapter 13

6. During World War II, marijuana in America was: A. considered by the U.S. government for certain medical problems.

B. widely used by soldiers returning from war as a form of relief.

C. subsidized by the government to make rope.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Historical Roots of Marijuana Subject: Chapter 13

7. Using a vaporizer to consume marijuana reduces ___________ risk factor(s) associated with marijuana usage.

A. overdosing B. respiratory C. overeating D. None of these is correct.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Effects on the Respiratory System: Vaporizing Marijuana Subject: Chapter 13

8. According to the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse, the age cohort reporting the highest lifetime use of marijuana was __________ years of age.

A. 12–17 B. 18–25 C. 26–34 D. 35+ Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Table 13.1 Subject: Chapter 13

9. Research indicates that if one’s peer group does not use drugs, more than likely other individuals in the peer group will: A. not use drugs.

B. secretly experiment with drug use.

C. try to convince several close peer members to use drugs.

D. move to the more addictive types of drugs.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Factors Affecting Marijuana Use Subject: Chapter 13

10. Age, gender, family background, and religion fall under what category of influential factors?

A. Social B. Setting C. Structural D. Attitudinal Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Major Factors Affecting Marijuana Use Subject: Chapter 13

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

11. In addition to peer influences on drug use, what other factors must be taken into account to assess what could be responsible for drug use?

A. Structural factors B. Social and interactional factors C. Attitudinal factors D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Major Factors Affecting Marijuana Use Subject: Chapter 13

12. Religious involvement often results in __________ drug use.

A. more B. less C. intermittent D. no effect on Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Major Factors Affecting Marijuana Use Subject: Chapter 13

13. A type of marijuana that literally means “without seeds” is known as: A. ganja.

B. loco weed.

C. strabacca weed.

D. sinsemilla.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Characteristics of Cannabis Subject: Chapter 13

14. __________ contains the purest form of resin and can have THC levels as high as 28%.

A. Magic Lights B. Hydro

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

C. Hashish D. Ganja Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Characteristics of Cannabis Subject: Chapter 13

True/False

1. True or False? Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main agent in cannabis, responsible for producing mind-altering (psychoactive) effects.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Characteristics of Cannabis Subject: Chapter 13

2. True or False? The highest concentration of THC is found in the stems and seeds.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Characteristics of Cannabis Subject: Chapter 13

3. True or False? Two major types of marijuana are Cannabis sativa and Cannabis dioecious.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Characteristics of Cannabis Subject: Chapter 13

4. True or False? Some research indicates that today’s marijuana is much more potent (20 times more potent) than the street marijuana of the 1960s.

Answer: True

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Characteristics of Cannabis Subject: Chapter 13

5. True or False? Hashish, the sticky resin from the female plant, contains THC levels that range from 7.03% to 12.14%.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Characteristics of Cannabis Subject: Chapter 13

6. True or False? During the “high,” most marijuana users experience dry mouth, elevated heartbeat, and an alteration of space and time, which is usually not as intense as with other drugs.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The High Subject: Chapter 13

7. True or False? The marijuana high usually lasts between 8 and 12 hours and often causes vivid hallucinations.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: The High Subject: Chapter 13

8. True or False? The subjective euphoric effects of marijuana refer to the ongoing social and psychological experiences incurred while intoxicated by marijuana.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Subjective Euphoric Effects Subject: Chapter 13

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9. True or False? Differential association refers to how individuals are socialized into the perceptions of a group.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Subjective Euphoric Effects Subject: Chapter 13

10. True or False? Marinol is a substitute for THC that produces very similar effects to smoking marijuana.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Therapeutic Uses and the Controversy over Medical Marijuana Use Subject: Chapter 13

11. True or False? THC can reach the brain within 14 seconds when inhaled.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Physiological Effects of Marijuana Use Subject: Chapter 13

12. True or False? Marijuana is metabolized more efficiently through smoking than via intravenous injection or oral ingestion.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Physiological Effects of Marijuana Use Subject: Chapter 13

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Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following volatile substances would be categorized as an industrial or household solvent?

A. Vegetable oil spray B. Airplane glue C. Paint thinner D. Correction fluid Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Inhalants Subject: Chapter 14

2. Which of the following is accurate regarding inhalants?

A. Their use causes feelings of intoxication that are generally more rapid than drinking alcohol.

B. Most users are informed about the potential dangers of using them.

C. They are expensive and difficult to conceal.

D. They cannot be legally obtained without a prescription.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Patterns and Signs of Abuse Subject: Chapter 14

3. A chemical is classified as being volatile if it is: A. highly fat-soluble.

B. highly water-soluble.

C. readily evaporated at room temperature.

D. a solid at room temperature.

Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

4. Approximately what percentage of U.S. 8th graders have abused inhalants at least once in their lifetime?

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

A. 2% B. 10% C. 50% D. 75% Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 14

5. Which of the following statements regarding “sudden sniffing death syndrome” is incorrect?

A. It is characterized by arrhythmias.

B. It can occur even in a first-time inhalant abuser.

C. It is can be mistaken for death by suicide.

D. It only occurs after stimulant inhalation.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 14

6. Which of the following is the most correct reason why inhalants are most likely abused?

A. They are easy to synthesize.

B. They are not likely to cause toxic side effects.

C. They produce a long lasting “high” that makes them highly addictive.

D. They are readily available.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: History of Inhalants Subject: Chapter 14

7. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Acute effects of volatile chemical abuse can include nausea.

B. Chronic users of inhalants often have increased appetites.

C. Nitrites can be used clinically to treat angina.

D. Nitrites cause vasodilation.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate

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Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

True/False

1. True or False? Nitrous oxide was first discovered by a French psychiatrist who was attempting to develop a sedative agent to treat schizophrenic patients.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: History of Inhalants Subject: Chapter 14

2. True or False? Volatile inhalants can exist as liquids that vaporize at room temperature.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

3. True or False? “Huffing” is a practice of inhaling volatile solvents from old rags soaked in the solvent fluid and held in the mouth.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

4. True or False? Aerosols can cause respiratory injury through exposure to very high concentrations.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

5. True or False? Because toluene is highly water-soluble and has a high molecular weight, it is rapidly absorbed into the liver.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

6. True or False? Chronic toluene abuse can cause liver damage.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

7. True or False? Freon administration can cause respiratory damage as a result of sudden cooling of the respiratory tract.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

8. True or False? Young women are several times more likely to abuse inhalants than young men.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Gender, Race, Socioeconomics, and Abuse Subject: Chapter 14

9. True or False? Inhalants are used more commonly among 8th graders than are amphetamines or cocaine.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy

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Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 14

10. True or False? The term “volatile” refers to being readily evaporated at high temperatures.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

11. True or False? Inhalant abuse is a harmless “phase” that occurs commonly during normal teenage development and as such is not worthy of significant concern.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

12. True or False? Inhalants tend to be fat-soluble and therefore readily retained in lipid-rich vital organs.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Volatile Substances Subject: Chapter 14

13. True or False? Euphorigenic refers to having the ability to cause feelings of depression.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 14

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following drugs is a hormone used to cause sleep?

A. Caffeine B. Melatonin C. Ephedrine D. Codeine Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

2. Which of the following is the most frequently used OTC medication for gastrointestinal disorders?

A. Laxative B. Antacid C. Antidiarrhea drug D. Antinausea medication Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

3. Which of the following is not required by the FDA to be included on OTC drug labels?

A. Approved uses B. Classification of active ingredients (i.e., category I, II, or III) C. Instructions for safe and effective use D. Cautions and warnings Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs and Self-Care Subject: Chapter 15

4. Approximately how much is spent annually on OTC analgesics?

A. $0.5 billion

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

B. $1 billion C. $4 billion D. $10 billion Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

5. Which of the following OTC analgesics has the fewest anti-inflammatory effects?

A. Aspirin B. Acetaminophen C. Salicylate D. Ibuprofen Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

6. Which of the following pains is least likely to be relieved by OTC analgesics?

A. Headache B. Muscle-ache C. Toothache D. Stomach cramps Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

7. Which of the following drugs are classified as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?

A. Salicylates B. Sympathomimetics C. Antihistamines D. Decongestants Answer: A Complexity: Moderate

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Ahead: Subject: Chapter 15

8. Which of the following best describes “antipyretics”?

A. Drugs that relieve inflammation B. Drugs that relieve pain C. Drugs that cause nausea D. Drugs that reduce fevers Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

9. Which of the following is a side effect of acetaminophen?

A. Reye’s syndrome in children B. Stomach irritation C. Interference with blood clotting D. None of these is correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

10. Approximately how much caffeine (in terms of quantity in a cup of coffee) is included in a tablet of OTC combination analgesics such as Anacin and Excedrin?

A. One-tenth B. One-fourth to one-half C. One D. Two Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

11. What percentage of the population uses cold medicines each year?

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

A. 10% B. 25% C. 50% D. 75% Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

12. Common OTC allergy and cold products contain which of the following ingredients?

A. Sympathomimetics B. Analgesics C. Antihistamines D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

13. How do sympathomimetics relieve nasal congestion associated with colds and allergies?

A. They cause vasoconstriction.

B. They cause vasodilation.

C. They stimulate deeper breathing.

D. They relax muscles in the air passages.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

14. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. Antitussives should be used to treat productive coughs.

B. Codeine is classified as an antitussive.

C. Expectorants stimulate mucus production and decrease its viscosity.

D. Hard candy often can reduce minor coughing.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

15. Which of the following drugs is commonly used in OTC sleep aids?

A. Antitussives B. Antihistamines C. Sympathomimetics D. Caffeine Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

True/False

1. True or False? Drug costs approach 10% of overall health spending in the United States.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 15

2. True or False? Approximately 1.3 million Americans are killed or injured by errors in prescribing or taking prescription or OTC medications.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 15

3. True or False? Approximately $30–40 billion is currently spent annually on OTC medications in the United States.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

4. True or False? Approximately 100,000 drug products are available OTC in the United States.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

5. True or False? Part of the rationale for switching prescription drugs to OTC status by the FDA is to save the public money.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Federal Regulation of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

6. True or False? The nicotine patch is a drug product that was switched from prescription to OTC status.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Federal Regulation of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

7. True or False? Excessive use of some OTC drugs can cause dependence.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Abuse of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

8. True or False? Pharmacists are a good source for information concerning OTC drug products.

Answer: True

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Drugs and Self-Care Subject: Chapter 15

9. True or False? Cough suppressants are the most commonly used OTC medications.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

10. True or False? OTC analgesics are most effective in the treatment of pain associated with internal organs.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

11. True or False? It requires a lower dose of ibuprofen to relieve the inflammation of arthritis than to relieve a muscle ache.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

12. True or False? Acetaminophen has antipyretic effects.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

13. True or False? Acetaminophen should not be used by children because it causes Reye’s syndrome.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

14. True or False? Caffeine is able to help relieve some types of pain.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

15. True or False? Some OTC analgesics contain the caffeine equivalent of one-fourth to onehalf cup of coffee per tablet.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

16. True or False? Children of 1 to 5 years of age are the most susceptible to colds.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

17. True or False? Sympathomimetics are frequently used as decongestants in OTC cold medications.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

18. True or False? Excessive use of topical decongestants can cause congestion rebound.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

19. True or False? OTC sleep aids are often very effective in the treatment of chronic insomnia.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

20. True or False? OTC stimulants can cause headaches, breathing problems, and rapid heartbeat when used in high doses.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

21. True or False? OTC stimulant products frequently contain caffeine.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

22. True or False? Over $1 billion is spent on antacid products each year.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

23. True or False? Usually, excessive gastric acidity can be successfully treated with OTC antacids.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

24. True or False? Antihistamines are the active anorexiants used in OTC diet aids.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

25. True or False? Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

26. True or False? Exposure to the sun’s UV rays helps to delay premature aging of the skin.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

27. True or False? People with a fair skin complexion should use sunscreens with lower SPF numbers for adequate skin protection.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of OTC Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

28. True or False? There is little or no federal regulation for most herbal remedies.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Herbal (Natural) Products Subject: Chapter 15

29. True or False? Dentists are allowed to write prescriptions for drugs.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Prescription Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

30. True or False? A generic drug is usually not as effective as its proprietary counterpart.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Prescription Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Multiple Choice

1. Adolescent alcoholics have a suicide rate __________ times higher than the national average.

A. 10 B. 22 C. 34 D. 58 Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Adolescent Suicide Subject: Chapter 16

2. Children often join gangs because of: A. poverty.

B. a desire to challenge their boring life.

C. low self-esteem.

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Gangs and Drugs Subject: Chapter 16

3. It is estimated that there are more than __________ active gang members in the United States.

A. 1 million B. 800,000 C. 30,000 D. 20,000 Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Gangs and Drugs Subject: Chapter 16

4. Gang membership is usually defined in terms of: A. socio-economic status.

B. race and ethnicity.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

C. similar background experiences.

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Gangs and Drugs Subject: Chapter 16

5. Drug prevention at the __________ level helps adolescents recognize when drug use moves from an experimentation or social exercise to the early stages of drug abuse.

A. primary prevention B. secondary prevention C. tertiary prevention D. peripheral Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Prevention of Adolescent Drug Abuse Subject: Chapter 16

6. In a survey of 53,622 college students, which of the following was a reason given for using drugs and alcohol?

A. Break the ice B. Enhance social activity C. Give people something to do D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Reasons for College Students’ Drug Use Subject: Chapter 16

7. The most used drug by undergraduates is: A. alcohol.

B. marijuana.

C. tobacco.

D. cocaine.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Ahead: Reasons for College Students’ Drug Use Subject: Chapter 16

8. According to a national survey, over __________ of college students ages 18–22 years engaged in binge drinking over the past month.

A. 80% B. 15% C. 25% D. 60% Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Patterns of Alcohol and Other Drug Used Subject: Chapter 16

9. Of all college students, __________ report high-risk drinking.

A. 21% B. 37% C. 43% D. 56% Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Alcohol and Other Drug Use Subject: Chapter 16

10. Each year, throughout the United States, __________ students between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape.

A. 696,000 B. 97,000 C. 1,000 D. 20,000 Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Alcohol and Other Drug Use Subject: Chapter 16

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

11. A(n) __________ is defined as a subgroup within a population whose members share similar values and patterns of related behaviors that differ from the larger population.

A. cult B. subculture C. counterculture D. out group Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 16

12. Viewing a group and its members as an observer is the definition for the term: A. insider.

B. outsider.

C. nonnative.

D. interloper.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 16

13. Internal subcultural forces, or those forces that affect group members, include which of the following?

A. Shared attitudes B. A preoccupation with being caught using or acting high in public C. A common secrecy about drug use D. Shared attitudes and a common secrecy about drug use E. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 16

14. Figure 16.1 shows the reasons for nonmedical steroid used by college students. The highest percentage of steroid users (66%) in this figure said they used steroids mainly to: A. increase strength.

B. improve weight loss.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

C. improve appearance.

D. follow athlete peer pressure.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Figure 16.1 - The Major Reasons for the Abuse of Anabolic Steroids Subject: Chapter 16

15. __________ are male hormones produced in the testes that are responsible for secondary sexual characteristics.

A. Testosterones B. Androgens C. Spermatozoans D. Corticosteroids Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Anabolic Steroids Subject: Chapter 16

16. A first offense regarding dealing (trafficking) anabolic steroids carries a sentence of: A. 1 year in prison and a $1000 fine.

B. 5 years in prison and a $250,000 fine.

C. 10 years in prison and a $500,000 fine.

D. 30 years in prison and a $800,000 fine.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Laws and Penalties for Anabolic Steroid Abuse.

Subject: Chapter 16

17. Individuals in what sport reported the highest rate of steroid abuse?

A. Wrestling B. Soccer C. Hockey D. Football Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Patterns of Abuse

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Subject: Chapter 16

18. From 2017 to 2018, the highest percentage of 12th graders said they were able to obtain prescription drugs because they: A. got the drugs for free from a friend or relative.

B. bought the drugs from a friend or relative.

C. bought the drugs from a drug dealer/stranger.

D. pilfered (stole) the drugs from a friend/relative without asking.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Noteworthy Findings Regarding Teen Drug Use Subject: Chapter 16

19. Only _______ of alcoholics in the United States are women.

A. 15% B. 25% C. 5% D. 40% Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Woman and Alcohol Subject: Chapter 16

20. Self-administered doses of steroids are usually __________ to __________ times stronger than any prescription doses.

A. 5; 10 B. 1; 100 C. 100; 300 D. 250; 300 Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Abuse Subject: Chapter 16

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

21. Combining two or more different steroids and mixing oral and/or injectable types is referred to as: A. stacking.

B. cycling.

C. pyramiding.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Abuse Subject: Chapter 16

22. Where do 50% of anabolic steroids come from?

A. Doctor’s prescriptions B. Black market C. Foreign markets D. A combination of doctor’s prescriptions and the black market E. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sources of Steroids Subject: Chapter 16

23. A 2018 study regarding drug use patterns found that approximately __________ of 12th graders had used an illicit drug(s).

A. 15% B. 55% C. 23% D. 47% Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Noteworthy Findings Regarding Teen Drug Use Subject: Chapter 16

24. __________ doping refers to an athlete’s attempt to increase their number of red blood cells by reinfusing some of their own blood (which has been stored) before an athletic event.

A. Dark B. Red

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C. Blood D. None of these is correct.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Erythropoietin Subject: Chapter 16

25. It is believed that __________ of women today use licit and illicit drugs.

A. 7.5% B. 15.25% C. 24.8% D. 40.8% Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Drug Use: Comparing Females with Males Subject: Chapter 16

26. Women aged 19–30 are more likely to drink flavored types of alcoholic beverages and: A. smoke marijuana.

B. binge drink.

C. use tranquilizers.

D. use any illicit drug.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Drug Use: Comparing Females with Males Subject: Chapter 16

27. Approximately __________ of women in drug abuse treatment report histories of physical and sexual abuse, with victimization beginning before 11 years of age and occurring repeatedly.

A. 10% B. 30% C. 40% D. 70% Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Female Roles, Seeking Treatment, and Drug Addiction

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Subject: Chapter 16

28. What percentage of pregnant women smoke during the last 3 months of pregnancy?

A. 15% B. 20% C. 10% D. 2% Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Female Roles, Seeking Treatment, and Drug Addiction Subject: Chapter 16

True/False

1. True or False? Black women are more likely to completely abstain from alcohol than white women.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Women and Alcohol Subject: Chapter 16

2. True or False? Because of the maternal and supportive roles women have in society, they are fearful of condemnation for abusing drugs, which causes women to not seek therapy.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Female Roles, Seeking Treatment, and Drug Addiction Subject: Chapter 16

3. True or False? There is a high amount of drug dependence in women who have been victims of sexual and physical abuse.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Ahead: Female Roles, Seeking Treatment, and Drug Addiction Subject: Chapter 16

4. True or False? Adolescents who abuse drugs often have co-occurring mental health problems.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Use Among Adolescents Subject: Chapter 16

5. True or False? Drug abuse patterns can influence the outcome of a pregnancy even before a woman becomes pregnant.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Abuse and Reproductive Health Subject: Chapter 16

6. True or False? Women comprise approximately 50% of all alcoholics in America.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Women and Alcohol Subject: Chapter 16

7. True or False? Sociological factors that damage the self-image of the adolescent can often encourage drug use.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Why Adolescents Use Drugs Subject: Chapter 16

8. True or False? Adolescent patterns of drug abuse almost exactly mirror adult patterns of drug abuse.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Adolescent Versus Adult Drug Abuse Subject: Chapter 16

9. True or False? Twenty to 36% of suicide victims either have a history of alcohol abuse or were drinking shortly before their suicide.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Adolescent Suicide Subject: Chapter 16

10. True or False? Families that express love, show tolerance regarding individual differences, and encourage development of self-confidence are least likely to have suicidal members.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Adolescent Suicide Subject: Chapter 16

11. True or False? Alcohol is closely related to almost every type of sexual abuse in which adolescents are victimized.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sexual Violence and Drugs Subject: Chapter 16

12. True or False? A high percentage (approximately 42%) of drug-abusing female adolescents have been victims of sexual abuse.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sexual Violence and Drugs Subject: Chapter 16

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

13. True or False? Gang members often use slang to create group loyalty and camaraderie.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Gangs and Drugs Subject: Chapter 16

14. True or False? A stable home life ensures that adolescents will not be involved in gang activity.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Gangs and Drugs Subject: Chapter 16

15. True or False? Primary prevention is concerned with preventing any drug use before it occurs.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Prevention of Adolescent Drug Abuse Subject: Chapter 16

16. True or False? Successful therapy requires improving the environment of the drug-using adolescent.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Treatment of Adolescent Drug Abuse Subject: Chapter 16

17. True or False? All drugs used by adolescents require intervention before casual use becomes drug abuse/addiction.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Summary of Adolescent Drug Abuse

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Subject: Chapter 16

18. True or False? Per year, nearly 3 million college students are injured under the influence of alcohol.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Patterns of Alcohol and Other Drug Use Subject: Chapter 16

19. True or False? Clenbuterol, erythropoietin, and HGF are classified as club drugs.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Additional Noteworthy Findings Regarding Drug Use by College Students Subject: Chapter 16

20. True or False? Club drugs are a new class of illicit drugs used to enhance one’s experience at nightclubs and raves; such drugs include LSD, MDMA, GHB, and ketamine (Special K).

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Rohypnol and Date Rape Subject: Chapter 16

21. True or False? Today, patients on the “AIDS cocktail” usually must take several pills each day for the drugs to be effective.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Diagnosis and Treatment Subject: Chapter 16

22. True or False? In 2018, 8% of those testing positive for HIV contracted it from intravenous drug use.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Who is at Risk for AIDS? Subject: Chapter 16

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Multiple Choice

1. Factors such as strong child-to-parent bonds; open communication; consistent disciplining; consistent high levels of parental warmth, affection, and emotional support; and high levels of supervision are referred to as what type of factors?

A. Risk factors B. Buffering factors C. Protective factors D. Guiding factors Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Family-Based Prevention Programs Subject: Chapter 17

2. Prevention at the family level needs to stress all the following, except: A. parent–child interaction strategies.

B. communication skills.

C. child-management practices.

D. child independence.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Prevention Principles for Family-Based Programs Subject: Chapter 17

3. Which model of prevention is one of the earliest and is based on the belief that if people are given extensive information about harmful effects, their attitudes will change as well as their actions?

A. Information-only model B. Attitude change model C. Social influences model D. Education model Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Overview and Critique of Existing Prevention Programs Subject: Chapter 17

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

4. The ecological model of drug prevention emphasizes and advocates all the following prevention strategies, except: A. dissemination of drug information.

B. mass media programming.

C. leadership training.

D. more law enforcement surveillance.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Ecological or Person-in-Environment Model Subject: Chapter 17

5. The attitude change model assumes: A. drug use results from low self-esteem.

B. drug use results from boredom.

C. drug users lack resistance skills.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Attitude Change or Affective Education Model Subject: Chapter 17

6. If a higher education official claims that the best way to approach drug prevention is to build the resistance skills that are lacking, the official is advocating which drug prevention model?

A. Awareness model B. Affective education model C. Social influences model D. Information-only model Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Social Influences Model Subject: Chapter 17

7. The ___________ approach focuses on the pharmacology of alcohol and other drugs, is seldom effective, and is sometimes detrimental because it arouses curiosity and encourages experimentation.

A. affective

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B. cognitive C. social learning D. normative education Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: School-Based Drug Prevention and Table 17.2 Subject: Chapter 17

8. Drug courts are based on a comprehensive model involving all the following, except: A. reducing recidivism.

B. monitoring and supervision.

C. financial accountability.

D. graduated sanctions and incentives.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Drug Courts: Partly Legal and Partly Rehabilitative?

Subject: Chapter 17

9. One major problem with the nationwide D.A.R.E program success is that: A. the program only focused on upper middle-class schools for making classroom presentations about drug used.

B. the program was continually underfunded by the federal government, resulting in expanding into other areas in the United States.

C. school boards at religious elementary schools were reluctant to have open discussions with students about drug use and abuse.

D. research studies repeatedly found that students who participated were no less likely to use drugs than students who had not gone through the D.A.R.E program.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.); Holding the Line: D.A.R.E: Frustrating and Poor Results from a National Drug Prevention Program Subject: Chapter 17

10. Roughly __________ of all addicts are arrested at least once every year.

A. 45% B. 65% C. 75%

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D. 90% Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Holding the Line 17.1 Subject: Chapter 17

11. D.A.R.E. was first developed in: A. 1977.

B. 1983.

C. 1989.

D. 1992.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Holding the Line 17.1 Subject: Chapter 17

12. What type of court has been designed to focus on treatment options instead of punishment for drug convictions?

A. Criminal courts B. Drug courts C. Public health courts D. Detoxification courts Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Drug Court Models Subject: Chapter 17

13. In 2018, _________ was the drug that had the highest rate of age 12 and older past-year initiates (trying the drug for the first time).

A. alcohol B. marijuana C. prescription pain relievers D. tobacco Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: How Serious Is the Problem of Drug Dependence?

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Subject: Chapter 17

14. Which of the following is a major primary risk factor associated with drug use and abuse?

A. Family status and level of income B. Failure in school performance C. Poor coping skills D. Only failure in school performance and poor coping skills Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Risk Factors and Protective Factors Subject: Chapter 17

15. Primary, secondary, and tertiary drug prevention programs are often used __________ because, in most settings, all three types of drug users comprise the targeted population.

A. in combination B. indiscriminately C. peripherally D. interchangeably on drug-dependent audiences Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Risk Factors and Protective Factors Subject: Chapter 17

16. __________ prevention refers to the very broad range of activities aimed at reducing the risk of drug use among non-users and assuring continued non-use.

A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Comprehensive Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Risk Factors and Protective Factors Subject: Chapter 17

17. __________ prevention is targeted at at-risk groups, experimenters, and early drug use

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populations in hopes of reversing the already existing drug use.

A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Comprehensive Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Risk Factors and Protective Factors Subject: Chapter 17

18. __________ prevention is targeted at chemically dependent individuals who need treatment regarding their drug abuse.

A. Primary B. Secondary C. Tertiary D. Comprehensive Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Risk Factors and Protective Factors Subject: Chapter 17

19. Hospital outpatient programs and methadone clinics would be examples of __________ prevention.

A. primary B. secondary C. tertiary D. third-tier rehabilitation Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Risk Factors and Protective Factors Subject: Chapter 17

20. Addiction is a complex disease caused by a variety of factors that is least affected by which of the following?

A. Genes

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B. Age of first use C. Price of drugs D. Environment Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Prevention Research: Key Findings Subject: Chapter 17

21. In analyzing the populations of users, drug prevention primarily focuses on: A. early experimenters, nonproblem drug users, problem users, and former users.

B. pre-teens, early aged teenagers, older teenagers, and young adults.

C. experienced users and chronic users.

D. all of these except pre-teens, early aged teenagers, older teenagers, and young adults.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Considering the Audience and Approach Subject: Chapter 17

22. In most cases, it is appropriate for drug prevention to focus on knowledge, attitudes, and: A. behavior.

B. drug use problems.

C. personality traits.

D. self-efficacy.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Considering the Audience and Approach Subject: Chapter 17

True/False

1. True or False? The awareness model of drug prevention focuses on building up one’s selfesteem and boosting self-confidence.

Answer: False

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Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Information-Only or Awareness Model Subject: Chapter 17

2. True or False? The social influences model has been shown to work best when it is introduced in junior high, with refresher courses about every 2 years.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Social Influences Model Subject: Chapter 17

3. True or False? The central tenet or belief of social ecology is that individual behavior is mainly a result of socialization; to change behavior, we must therefore change the social institutions.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Ecological or Person-in-Environment Model Subject: Chapter 17

4. True or False? BACCHUS and NASPA are organizations whose focus is moderating alcohol and drug usage in high schools.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: BACCHUS Peer Education Network and NASPA Subject: Chapter 17

5. True or False? Recent surveys have shown that offenders who have graduated from drug courts had significant reductions in re-arrest rates and in charges for serious crimes.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Holding the Line Subject: Chapter 17

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6. True or False? D.A.R.E. has not yielded any measurable or significant changes in drug use in long-term studies.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) Subject: Chapter 17

7. True or False? D.A.R.E. (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) is a drug education program presented in elementary and junior high schools nationwide by police officers.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) Subject: Chapter 17

8. True or False? The alternatives approach strategy emphasizes that young ex-abusers of common illicit drugs are more likely to not reuse drugs when they gain newly learned satisfaction from exploring positive alternatives to replace drug use.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Other Viable Alternatives to Drug Use Subject: Chapter 17

9. True or False? Drug courts were designed with the main goal of diverting substance abusers into treatment centers instead of prison to eliminate their destructive behaviors.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Drug Court Model Subject: Chapter 17

10. True or False? One hundred and fifty-nine thousand first-year college students will drop out of school next year because of alcohol or other drug-related reasons.

Answer: True

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Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Prevention Programs in Higher Education Subject: Chapter 17

11. True or False? When compared to drug users convicted in the criminal justice system, there appears to be no real difference in re-arrest rates of drug court citizens.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Drug Court Model Subject: Chapter 17

12. True or False? The costs of running drug courts tends to be significantly higher than incarcerating drug offenders.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Drug Court Model Subject: Chapter 17

13. True or False? In the alternatives approach, many assume that people abuse drugs voluntarily to fill a need or basic drive.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other Viable Alternatives to Drug Use Subject: Chapter 17

14. True or False? AOD refers to “all other drugs.”

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 17

15. True or False? Studies in 2018 revealed that substance use was more common among both

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adolescents and adults with a mental health issue than among those who did not have any mental health problems.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: How Serious are the Problem of Substance Use Disorders?

Subject: Chapter 17

16. True or False? Drug prevention programs often advocate both responsible use and abstinence.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Considering the Audience and Approach Subject: Chapter 17

17. True or False? Providing information on the harmful effects of drugs has little effect on people’s actions and/or habits.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Considering the Audience and Approach Subject: Chapter 17

18. True or False? For younger adolescents, drug prevention programs are most effective when they (1) provide information, (2) scare potential users and abusers away from drugs, and (3) vilify existing drug users.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Considering the Audience and Approach Subject: Chapter 17

19. True or False? In a drug prevention program, you must first convey the simple fact that drug use is bad behavior and a sign of immaturity.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy

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Ahead: Considering the Audience and Approach Subject: Chapter 17

20. True or False? Students who have high expectations regarding their ability to refuse drugs use will more than likely refuse drug use.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: An Example of Drug Prevention at Central High in Elmtown Subject: Chapter 17

21. True or False? “Broad-brush” packages in drug prevention cover a variety of personal choice and primary prevention areas.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: An Example of Drug Prevention at Central High in Elmtown Subject: Chapter 17

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Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. People who are addicted come from all walks of life.

B. Many people suffer from occupational problems that can make their addictions difficult to treat.

C. The severity of addictions varies widely.

D. One-time, short-term treatment is often adequate to treat drug addiction.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Treatment of Addiction Subject: Chapter 18

2. The Addiction Severity Index (ASI) focuses on which of the following?

A. Employment and support B. Legal status C. Medical status D. All of these are correct Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Assessing Addiction Severity and Readiness to Change Subject: Chapter 18

3. Research indicates that for most patients, the threshold amount of time needed for significant improvement resulting from a treatment program is greater than: A. 24–48 hours.

B. 1 week.

C. 3 months.

D. 1 year.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Principles of Treatment Subject: Chapter 18

4. When was Alcoholics Anonymous founded?

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A. Mid-1900s B. Mid-1930s C. Mid-1960s D. Mid-1980s Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Approaches Subject: Chapter 18

5. __________ are not open to viewers and are for alcoholics having a serious desire to completely stop drinking.

A. Closed meetings B. Intimate meetings C. Open meetings D. Group meetings Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Approaches Subject: Chapter 18

6. The Minnesota model was developed during the: A. 1950s.

B. 1970s.

C. 1900s.

D. last 10 years.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Approaches Subject: Chapter 18

7. Medical detoxification: A. can be a medical necessity.

B. is a precursor to treatment.

C. does not typically produce lasting behavioral changes.

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D

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Complexity: Moderate Ahead: General Therapeutic Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

8. __________ are inpatient treatment facilities that focus on the “resocialization” of the individual and use the program’s entire community as important treatment components.

A. Therapeutic communities B. Medical detoxification clinics C. Matrix communities D. All of these are correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: General Therapeutic Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

9. The planned length of stay for residents in therapeutic communities is generally: A. 1–2 days.

B. 6–12 weeks.

C. 1–2 months.

D. 6–12 months.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: General Therapeutic Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

10. Which of the following approaches involves initiating behavioral change by helping clients resolve ambivalence about engaging in treatment?

A. Matrix Model B. Supportive-Expressive Psychotherapy C. Motivational Enhancement Therapy D. Community Reinforcement Approach plus Vouchers Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: General Therapeutic Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

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11. Which of the following is an opioid agonist?

A. Naloxone B. Disulfiram C. Methadone D. Alcohol Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

12. Which of the following is not an opiate antagonist?

A. Naloxone B. Methadone C. Naltrexone D. All of these are all opiate antagonists.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

13. Which of the following is an opioid antagonist used to treat opioid overdoses?

A. Naloxone B. Methadone C. Clonidine D. None of these is correct.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

14. ___________ is a drug used to treat alcoholics that makes individuals violently ill if they consume alcohol.

A. Naltrexone B. Disulfiram C. Acamprosate D. Clonidine

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

15. Which of the following was approved by the FDA for treatment of opiate dependence?

A. Subutex and Suboxone B. Naltrexone and clonidine C. Methadone and morphine D. Buprenorphine and naltrexone Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

True/False

1. True or False? The Minnesota model is an outpatient rehabilitation model that avoids employing the philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Historical Approaches Subject: Chapter 18

2. True or False? The most successful drug abuse treatment programs avoid a combination of therapies so as to avoid distractions.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Principles of Treatment Subject: Chapter 18

3. True or False? Participation in therapeutic communities involves 6–12 weeks of outpatient

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counseling.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: General Therapeutic Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

4. True or False? Persons with anxiety or mood disorders are more likely to also suffer from drug dependence.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Comorbidity Subject: Chapter 18

5. True or False? One goal of motivational enhancement therapy is to help clients resolve ambivalence about drug use.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: General Therapeutic Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

6. True or False? Acamprosate is used to treat individuals who are alcohol-dependent.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

7. True or False? Methadone is a synthetic opioid antagonist.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

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8. True or False? Methadone is generally administered intravenously to prevent opioid withdrawal.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

9. True or False? Antabuse is used as an opioid antagonist to treat opioid dependence.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

10. True or False? An antagonist is a compound that enhances the action of a drug.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

11. True or False? As a consequence of the Drug Addiction Treatment Act of 2000, Suboxone can now be prescribed in an office setting to treat substance abuse.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

12. True or False? Subutex contains a partial opioid agonist.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Pharmacological Strategies Subject: Chapter 18

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Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following xanthines has the most potent effect on the central nervous system (CNS)?

A. Theobromine B. Theophylline C. Caffeine D. These all have the same effect.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Minor Stimulants Subject: Chapter 10

2. The CNS effects of caffeine are most pronounced in a person who is: A. susceptible to mood swings.

B. wide awake.

C. tired.

D. None of these is correct.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Minor Stimulants Subject: Chapter 10

3. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The symptoms of caffeinism include agitation, tremors, and insomnia.

B. Caffeine has been proven to cause cancers of the bladder, colon, and kidneys.

C. Psychological dependence on caffeine is usually minor.

D. Sympathomimetics in OTC cold products can cause jitters and insomnia like caffeine can.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Minor Stimulants Subject: Chapter 10

4. Which of the following may be an effect of caffeine withdrawal?

A. Headaches

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B. Decreased alertness C. Nervousness D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Minor Stimulants Subject: Chapter 10

5. Pseudoephedrine is a: A. decongestant.

B. analgesic.

C. antinausea.

D. depressant.

Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: OTC Sympathomimetics Subject: Chapter 10

6. Which of the following drugs was found in herbal products, but has been banned by the FDA due to potentially severe side effects?

A. Ephedrine B. Caffeine C. Phenylpropanolamine D. Amphetamine Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Herbal Stimulants Subject: Chapter 10

7. Which of the following has been used to treat angina?

A. Nitrous oxide B. Amyl nitrite C. Benzene D. Triorthocresyl phosphate (TCP) Answer: B Complexity: Moderate

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Ahead: Nitrites Subject: Chapter 14

8. Which of the following is commonly referred to as “laughing gas”?

A. Amyl nitrite B. Toluene C. Nitrous oxide D. Benzene Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Anesthetics Subject: Chapter 14

9. Which of the following statements regarding nitrites is incorrect?

A. Nitrite abuse is rare among adolescents.

B. Nitrites are abused by only a few, selective groups.

C. Nitrites have been available OTC in the past.

D. Nitrites cause vasoconstriction and therefore cause angina.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Nitrites Subject: Chapter 14

10. Which of the following is a side effect associated with inhalant abuse?

A. Nausea B. Slurred speech C. Nosebleeds D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Signs of Inhalant Abuse Subject: Chapter 14

11. Which of the following statements regarding inhalant abuse is incorrect?

A. Inhalants cause euphorigenic effects.

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B. Inhalants are abused less frequently by 8th graders than cocaine.

C. Inhalant death can be mistaken for death by suicide.

D. Inhalants are abused more frequently by 8th graders than amphetamines.

Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 14

12. Which of the following inhalants is used as an anesthetic?

A. Toluene B. Nitrous oxide C. Propane D. Butyl nitrate Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Anesthetics Subject: Chapter 14

13. Of the following, which is most likely to be a major cause of endogenous major depression?

A. Neurotransmitter imbalances in the brain B. Malnutrition C. There is no known underlying cause.

D. Personality defect Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Common Categories of Prescription Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

14. Which of the following statements concerning diabetes is incorrect?

A. Type 2 diabetes only occurs during adulthood.

B. Type 1 diabetics are treated with insulin injections.

C. Insulin medication is classified according to its duration of action.

D. Type 2 diabetics are often treated with oral hypoglycemics.

Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Common Categories of Prescription Drugs

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Subject: Chapter 15

15. Which of the following best describes the antiulcer effects of drugs like Tagamet and Zantac?

A. They neutralize gastric acidity.

B. They cause relaxation and relieve stress.

C. They have antibiotic activity.

D. They block gastric secretions.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Common Categories of Prescription Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

16. Bronchodilators are used for which of the following therapeutic purposes?

A. To relieve congestion associated with the common cold B. To increase heart efficiency C. To increase urine formation D. To relieve asthma attacks Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Common Categories of Prescription Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

17. Which of the following drugs are most likely to be used to treat hypertension?

A. Diuretics and vasodilators B. Cardiostimulators and vasoconstrictors C. Bronchodilators and antiarrhythmics D. Bronchoconstrictors and antianginals Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Common Categories of Prescription Drugs Subject: Chapter 15

18. The best predictor of drug use for the first year of college is: A. family background.

B. the peer group throughout high school.

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C. drug use during the senior year of high school.

D. No such predictor exists.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Predicting Drug Use for First-Year College Students Subject: Chapter 16

19. The two most popular (sought after) illicit-type recreational drugs in college are: A. cocaine and MDMA. B. marijuana and cocaine.

C. LSD and psilocybin mushrooms.

D. marijuana and psilocybin mushrooms.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Remaining Popularity of Certain Types of Drugs among College, Non College, and 12th Graders Subject: Chapter 16

20. __________ is known as the “date rape” drug.

A. PCP B. Heroin C. Rohypnol D. Ecstasy Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Rohypnol and Date Rape Subject: Chapter 16

21. Full-blown AIDS can take as long as __________ years to show up after the initial infection.

A. 1 to 2 B. 8 to 10 C. 10 to 12 D. 15 to 30 Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Nature of HIV Infection and Related Symptoms

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Subject: Chapter 16

22. Which of the following is not implicated in the transmission of HIV? A. Blood B. Semen C. Vaginal fluid D. Saliva Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Who Is at Risk for AIDS? Subject: Chapter 16

23. The treatment phase for substance abuse generally consists of: A. detoxification (removal of physical dependence on drugs from body).

B. stabilization (treating the psychological craving for the drug).

C. aftercare (helping the user to obtain education or job training, find a job, and remain drug free).

D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Drug Court Models Subject: Chapter 17

24. The word yoga is derived from the __________ word for union or yoking.

A. Polish B. Sanskrit C. Greek D. Native American Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Meditation Subject: Chapter 17

25. Oxygen consumption can be decreased as much as __________% in a person who meditates.

A. 20

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B. 30 C. 40 D. 60 Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Meditation Subject: Chapter 17

26. __________ refers to a state of consciousness in which there is a constant level of awareness focusing on one object, like in yoga and Zen Buddhism.

A. Relaxation B. Altered consciousness C. Meditation D. Concentrated wakefulness Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Meditation Subject: Chapter 17

True/False

1. True or False? Smoking marijuana is less harmful to the lungs than cigarettes.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Physiological Effects of Marijuana Use Subject: Chapter 13

2. True or False? When marijuana stimulates appetite, users’ term this as the “munchies.”

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Effects on the Central Nervous System Subject: Chapter 13

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3. True or False? THC and other cannabinoids in marijuana do not pass through the blood– placenta barrier and concentrate in the fetus’s (baby’s) fatty tissue, including its brain.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Effects on Sexual Performance and Reproduction Subject: Chapter 13

4. True or False? Women who smoke marijuana during pregnancy also often use other drugs such as alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Effects on Sexual Performance and Reproduction Subject: Chapter 13

5. True or False? Heavy and chronic use of marijuana can very easily compromise cognitive functions, such as short-term memory, concentration, and moderately “taxing” problem-solving abilities.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Chronic Use Subject: Chapter 13

6. True or False? Often, the more serious costs in using marijuana are that the individual acquires a poor record of development, learning, and advancement in educational settings.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Chronic Use Subject: Chapter 13

7. True or False? Bupropion is an antidepressant medication that is useful as a smoking cessation aid.

Answer: True

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Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Motivation to Quit Subject: Chapter 11

8. True or False? Hallucinogens often distort perceptions, thoughts, and feelings.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

9. True or False? Hallucinogens tend to diminish sensory experiences.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

10. True or False? Some psychiatrists have used hallucinogens on their patients during psychoanalysis.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

11. True or False? The environment may play a role in determining a user’s response to hallucinogens.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

12. True or False? Hallucinogens can cause effects that are perceived as being an exhilarating spiritual experience.

SOURCE: Browsegrades.net

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

13. True or False? The sense of cosmic merging caused by hallucinogens can relate to mystic experiences.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Sensory and Psychological Effects Subject: Chapter 12

14. True or False? The ergot fungus produces an anticholinergic type of hallucinogen.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Traditional Hallucinogens: LSD Types Subject: Chapter 12

15. True or False? LSD has a simple chemistry that can be easily synthesized.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

16. True or False? In its purest form, LSD is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

17. True or False? There are no significant withdrawal symptoms when using LSD.

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Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

18. True or False? With the use of LSD, a person can and usually does become physically dependent.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

19. True or False? Psychological dependency on LSD can occur.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

20. True or False? There is no “typical” pattern of response to LSD. Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Types of Hallucinogenic Agents Subject: Chapter 12

21. True or False? Alcoholics Anonymous is a national organization emphasizing responsible drinking.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Approaches Subject: Chapter 18

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22. True or False? Most people who consume alcohol become problem drinkers.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Percentages of the Drinking Population: A Pyramid Model Subject: Chapter 8

23. True or False? Closed meetings of Alcoholics Anonymous are for alcoholics having a serious desire to completely stop drinking.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Historical Approaches Subject: Chapter 18

24. True or False? Medication must always be avoided in drug abuse treatment so as not to foster cross-dependence.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Addiction Treatment in the United States Subject: Chapter 18

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Multiple Choice

1. Licit drugs are drugs that are: A. designer drugs.

B. legal.

C. illegal.

D. approved by the FDA. E. All of these are correct.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Dimensions of Drug Use Subject: Chapter 1

2. The class of drugs known as inhalants includes: A. hashish and marijuana.

B. opium and powdered methamphetamine.

C. Ritalin.

D. gasoline and airplane glue.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Inhalants/Organic Solvents Subject: Chapter 1

3. A person can become infected with the HIV virus in all but which of the following manners?

A. Contaminated needles B. Unprotected sexual intercourse C. Ingesting an infected person’s saliva, which occurs mainly in deep kissing D. Contaminated needles and unprotected sexual intercourse Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Costs of Drug Use to Society Subject: Chapter 1

4. The lowest rates of illicit drug use are found among ____________ workers.

A. mining

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B. educational services C. public administration D. mining, educational services, and public administration E. mining and educational services Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Alcohol Use Subject: Chapter 2

5. The word addiction is derived from the __________ verb addicere, which refers to the process of binding to things.

A. Greek B. Roman C. Latin D. Egyptian Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Defining Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

6. The belief that individuals abuse alcohol because they choose to use this drug is referred to as the __________ model.

A. moral B. disease C. deviant D. social learning Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Models of Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

7. __________ can influence the effect alcohol has on the individual.

A. Other drugs B. Fatigue or illness C. Gender D. All of these are correct.

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Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Maintaining a Low-Risk Approach Subject: Chapter 2

8. Which of the following describes a reason why a drug would be classified as a prescription drug?

A. The drug is not safe for self-medication because of its toxicity.

B. The drug is a new compound that has not been shown to be completely safe.

C. The drug is habit forming.

D. All of these are correct.

E. The drug is not safe for self-medication because of its toxicity, and the drug is a new compound that has not been shown to be completely safe.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

9. An over-the-counter drug ingredient not generally recognized as safe or effective for the claimed therapeutic indication is classified as: A. Category I. B. Category II. C. Category III. D. Category IV. Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Regulating the Development of New Drugs Subject: Chapter 3

10. __________ strategy aims to protect drug users by teaching them responsibility.

A. Inoculation B. Interdiction C. Treatment D. Educational Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: Inoculation Strategy

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Subject: Chapter 3

11. Nicotinic receptors are activated by which of the following transmitters?

A. Acetylcholine (ACh) B. GABA C. Substance P D. Dopamine Answer: A Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Building Blocks of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

12. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A. The reticular activating system helps to regulate the brain’s state of arousal.

B. Parkinson’s disease is due to damage of dopamine neurons in the basal ganglia.

C. Drugs that alter the activity of dopamine-releasing neurons often affect motor activity.

D. For the most part, drugs of abuse decrease the activity of dopamine in the limbic system.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Major Divisions of the Nervous System Subject: Chapter 4

13. Which structure has been found to be particularly important in maintaining nicotine dependence?

A. Basal ganglia B. Hypothalamus C. Pituitary gland D. Insula Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Endocrine System Subject: Chapter 4

14. Which of the following can be toxic at sufficiently high doses?

A. Aspirin

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B. Vitamin A C. Table salt D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Potency Versus Toxicity Subject: Chapter 5

15. Which of the following interactions best describes the analgesic effect when aspirin is combined with acetaminophen?

A. Potentiation B. Synergism C. Antagonism D. Additive Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Additive Effects Subject: Chapter 5

16. Which of the following best describes synergistic drug interactions?

A. The effects of two drugs sum together.

B. The effect of one drug does not alter the effect of another drug.

C. The effect of one drug cancels the effect of another.

D. The presence of one drug enhances the effect of another drug.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Potentiative (Synergistic) Effects Subject: Chapter 5

17. The capillary membranes that filter substances moving between the cerebral blood vessels and the brain are called the: A. cumulative effect.

B. blood–brain barrier.

C. biotransformers.

D. therapeutic index.

Answer: B

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Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Distribution of Drugs in the Body and Time-Response Relationships Subject: Chapter 5

18. Which of the following categories of depressants is named after a Greek god?

A. Amnesiacs B. Sedatives C. Valium D. Hypnotics Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Effects of CNS Depressants: Benefits and Risks Subject: Chapter 6

19. Which of the following statements concerning benzodiazepines is incorrect?

A. There are currently more than 10 different benzodiazepines marketed in this country.

B. Therapeutic doses of the benzodiazepines seriously depress respiration.

C. Benzodiazepines have less effect on REM sleep than barbiturates.

D. Frequent use of the benzodiazepines can cause tolerance and withdrawal.

Answer: B Complexity: Difficult Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

20. The distillation device or “still” was developed by the: A. Greeks.

B. Arabs.

C. Romans.

D. Chinese.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Nature and History of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

21. A glass of champagne has a faster onset of action than a glass of wine that contains the same

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amount of alcohol because: A. champagne does not have to be digested because it is absorbed more readily, whereas wine has to be digested.

B. the carbon dioxide (carbonation) in champagne moves it more rapidly from the stomach to the small intestine, where absorption occurs more rapidly.

C. liver enzymes do not metabolize champagne as rapidly as wine.

D. wine, but not champagne, contains contaminant products that slow down absorption.

Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: The Properties of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

22. Cirrhosis of the liver is: A. the first stage of alcohol-induced liver disease.

B. unique to male alcoholics.

C. irreversible.

D. the leading cause of death in men aged 25 to 65.

Answer: C Complexity: Easy Ahead: Liver Subject: Chapter 7

23. In past decades, an individual who did not consume any alcoholic beverage was termed a: A. dry corker.

B. clean bean.

C. fruitcake.

D. teetotaler.

Answer: D Complexity: Easy Ahead: Percentages of the Drinking Population: A Pyramid Model Subject: Chapter 8

24. Patent medicines during Prohibition often contained all of the following, except: A. alcohol.

B. antibiotics.

C. colored water.

D. cocaine.

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Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: Case and Point: The Great American Fraud Patent Medicines Subject: Chapter 8

25. A college student who attends a party and binges uncontrollably for the night, but then abstains from alcohol for 3 weeks until the next party, where binging reoccurs, is classified by Jellinek as a(n) __________ alcoholic.

A. Epsilon B. Beta C. Delta D. Sig Pi Answer: A Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Types of Alcoholics Subject: Chapter 8

26. Which of the following did not aggravate the opiate problem around 1900?

A. Chinese laborers B. Bored housewives C. Hypodermic syringes D. Patent medicines Answer: B Complexity: Easy Ahead: American Opium Use Subject: Chapter 9

27. Which of the following is a possible side effect of narcotic analgesics?

A. Respiratory depression B. Constipation C. Decreased blood pressure D. All of these are correct.

Answer: D Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Narcotic Analgesics Subject: Chapter 9

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28. Which of the following best describes buprenorphine?

A. An antagonist used to treat narcotic overdoses B. Mild-to-moderate narcotic approved for treatment of opiate dependence in a physician’s office C. A very potent heroin-like drug of abuse D. An aspirin-like drug combined with narcotics to improve their analgesic action Answer: B Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Treatment of Heroin and Other Narcotic Dependence Subject: Chapter 9

29. Which of the following statements concerning fentanyl is correct?

A. It is not approved for any clinical use.

B. It is less potent than heroin.

C. Reports have occasionally surfaced of individuals abusing fentanyl patches by licking, swallowing, or smoking them.

D. It is easy to distinguish street heroin from fentanyl.

Answer: C Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Fentanyl Subject: Chapter 9

True/False

1. True or False? The use of illicit drugs causes far more deaths, sickness, violent crimes, economic loss, and other social problems than the use of all licit drugs combined.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Dimensions of Drug Use Subject: Chapter 1

2. True or False? Most studies show that people in the 18- to 25-year-old age groups are by far

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the heaviest users and experimenters when it comes to drug use.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Figure 1.6 Subject: Chapter 1

3. True or False? The main stages of drug dependence include relief, dependency, and addiction.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Dependence Subject: Chapter 1

4. True or False? Fewer than 20% of all alcoholics work.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Alcohol Use Subject: Chapter 1

5. True or False? Drug use endangers the future of a society by harming its youth and potentially destroying the lives of many young men and women.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Drug Use: A Timeless Affliction Subject: Chapter 2

6. True or False? Physical dependence is the mental inability to stop using drugs.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Defining Addiction Subject: Chapter 2

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7. True or False? The Pure Food and Drug Act did not allow the government to stop the distribution of dangerous preparations.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

8. True or False? The Kefauver-Harris Amendment required drug companies to prove their new medications were safe but not necessarily effective before they could be marketed.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The Road to Regulation and the FDA Subject: Chapter 3

9. True or False? The least addictive and least regulated of the substances are classified as Schedule I. Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: Drug Abuse and the Law Subject: Chapter 3

10. True or False? The two principal systems that help human beings maintain homeostasis are the nervous system and the endocrine system.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Introduction Subject: Chapter 4

11. True or False? The amino acid tyrosine is converted into serotonin in the brain.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Introduction to Nervous Systems Subject: Chapter 4

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12. True or False? Alcohol is a CNS depressant.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Potentiative (Synergistic) Effects Subject: Chapter 5

13. True or False? Repeated intravenous injection into the same site can damage the vessel by causing scar tissue.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Forms and Methods of Taking Drugs Subject: Chapter 5

14. True or False? During the 1970s and 1980s, approximately twice as many women took depressants as men.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: The History of CNS Depressants Subject: Chapter 6

15. True or False? Short-acting benzodiazepines are best suited to treating persistent problems such as anxiety and stress.

Answer: False Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Benzodiazepines: Valium-Type Drugs Subject: Chapter 6

16. True or False? The process of making alcohol, called fermentation, is a synthetic one.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy

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Ahead: The Nature and History of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

17. True or False? Effects of alcohol frequently result in multiple illnesses, accidents, violence, and crime.

Answer: True Complexity: Easy Ahead: Impact of Alcohol Subject: Chapter 7

18. True or False? Drinking is commonly believed to be associated with poverty; however, people most likely to drink have higher incomes.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Current Statistics and Trends in Alcohol Consumption Subject: Chapter 8

19. True or False? By 1928, doctors made an estimated $40 million per year writing prescriptions for whiskey.

Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: From the Temperance Movement (1830–1850) to the Prohibition Era (1920–1933) Subject: Chapter 8

20. True or False? Opiate addiction was not a significant problem in the United States until after 1950.

Answer: False Complexity: Easy Ahead: American Opium Use Subject: Chapter 9

21. True or False? A narcotic analgesic would most likely be used to treat severe diarrhea.

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Answer: True Complexity: Moderate Ahead: Other Therapeutic Uses Subject: Chapter 9

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