NUTRITION FINAL REVIEW STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025

NUTRITION FINAL REVIEW STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2024/2025 Nurse is preparing a meal plan for a client who will be assisted by a home health aide. What is the overall goal of the nutrition therapy?

Maintain or restore maximal independent functioning

A 79 year old client has been admitted to a long tern care facility that follows a liberal diet approach.

The client has a long history of high cholesterol and desire a low cholesterol diet. How might the nurse respond?

Malnutrition is a greater threat than hypercholesteolemia

What are the approximate protein needs per day for an adult weighting 132 pounds (60 kg)?

48 g/ day

What can weight loss do for older people with OA? It relieves symptoms in the weight bearing joints

What is the greatest know modifiable risk factor of OA of the knee? overweight

Where is it recommended that older adults get their vitamin b12 from?

Fortified cereals

What are the key components in meeting quality of life standards among older adults who are residents of long term care facilities?

Prevention of unintentional weight loss and pressure ulcers

Cheese fits into MYPLATE for older adults where?

proteins

What is the primary goal of diet intervention for the elderly? maintain quality of life

What is the AI for water for a 65 year old male?

3.7 L/ day

What are the recommended sources of magnesium for the elderly? yogurt

Client is a 69 year old male who is moderately active. What is the recommended calorie per day intake?

2200 cal/ day

When should restrictive diets be used in long term care facilities?

When a significant improvement in health can be expected.

What is the recommended daily intake of fiber for this 55 year old female?

21 g/ day

What causes the body's need for vitamin D to increase over the age of 50 years?

The ability to synthesize vitamin D from sun light, which decreases with age.

What is a good source of the vitamin D needed by older adults?

Fortified milk

What would be an important question to ask while screening an older person for nutritional risk?

About the use of three or more prescribed over the counter daily medications

What is one reason a person might have for not agreeing with the suggestion to lose weight?

The client does not feel the need to make changes at this point in their life.

Which elderly clients would a restrictive diet be recommended for?

Those with ascites.

What could be a cause of the development of a ulcer on a sacrum of a 74 year old in a nursing home?

Inadequate food and fluid intake

How long is a 65 year old make approximately expected to live?

19.2 years

Which of the following is a risk factor for undernutrition among elderly population?

Eating alone

71 year old resident may give one reason for her current health status of malnutrition as? " I just don't have an appetite"

What mandates the documentation of nutritional intake for the residents of long term care facilities?

Minimum Data Set (MDS)

Which lunch is best for a healthy 65 year old who live alone?

3 oz tuna on whole wheat bread, 1 medium apple, and 8 oz of 2 % milk

Which falls in the DRI for nutrients for elderly population? potassium

Which supplement is needed for older adults?

Vitamin D

How would a family combat malnutrition for their elderly family member?

Make meal time as enjoyable as possible.

Which of the following are examples of food the family can offer for a family member having issues chewing their food?

Ripe bananas, soft melon, cooked carrots

A liberal diet approach is a holistic approach toward meeting clients nutritional needs. This approach take into consideration what? individual personal goals, risk to benefit ratio

Strategies to enhance food intake in long term care facilities?

Honor food preferences, involve the family in mealtime, encourage independence in eating.

What may the client be experiencing as a result of taking a can liquid dietary supplement?

Loss of appetite, taste fatigue

What can a nurse tell a wife of a Alzheimer husband to watch that would possibly indicate nutritional problem?

Forgetting he had eaten and eating again.

Forgetting how to shop for food.

Which nutritional requirement proportionally increases the most during pregnancy?

Calories

What vitamin has been identified as helping to prevent neural tube defects when consumed in adequate amounts before conception?

Folic acid

Herbal supplements are not recommended to be taken during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Why? They have potential of crossing the placental barrier

32 year old at a "normal" pregnancy weight. What is the recommended amount of total weight gain?

25 to 35 pounds

For a woman who is obese at conception, the recommended total weight gain should be a minimum of what?

11 pounds

How much should client at 20 weeks conception (normal weight) should have gained by now?

12 pounds

What nutrient is not usually consumed in adequate amount through the diet? iron

What is the recommended dosage for iron during pregnancy?

27 mg/day

The use of what is potentially most harmful to the fetus? alcohol

The client is 24 week pregnant. How much have her daily calorie needs increased over her first trimester?

300 calories

What can mercury exposure during pregnancy cause?

Brain and neurologic abnormalities in the fetus

What nutritional action can be used to lessen nausea and vomiting?

Limiting fat intake

What are the nutritional recommendations for calcium during a normal pregnancy?

1000 mg/ day

What problem is associated with pica?

Iron deficiency

When should every woman be screened for gestational diabetes?

Between 24 and 28 weeks?

Most pregnant women are at low risk for nutritional deficiencies because they can meet their daily requirements through diet alone. Folic acid is an exception to this statement and requires what?

The ingestion of fortified foods

What is the basis for recommending a supplement during pregnancy? individual circumstances

How long does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend exclusive breastfeeding for an infant?

The first 6 months

Compared with those of pregnancy, what are the recommended dietary allowances during lactation?

Lower for iron

What should breastfeeding mothers be advised?

Even if a mother has adequate fat stored, calorie intake should be increased.

The nurse recognizes that an adequate maternal diet generally decreases what in the breast milk of a lactating mother? vitamins

What should the nurse explain to the client about caloric intake during the second and third trimesters of her pregnancy?

She will need approximately 450 cap/ day increase during the third trimester.

A woman who is below the normal weight range should gain how much weight during pregnancy?

28 to 40 pounds

What lunch menus indicates a woman's understands a recommended die for a pregnant woman?

3 oz. of tuna stuffed tomato, 1 small pole, 8 oz. of sugar free orange drink

Risks to infants of women who gain excessive weight gain during pregnancy? seizures

As the clinic nurse, what should be recommended to decrease the discomfort of heartburn?

Eat small, frequent meals.

What could help with pregnancy related constipation?

Try drinking hot water with lemon juice upon waking

Why is breastfeeding so highly recommended?

Breastfeeding is associated with reducing the risk of postpartum depression

How much fluid should a women breastfeeding drink each day?

Drink a glass of fluid every time the baby nurses and at every meal

Studies have shown a correlation with impaired cognitive development and a deficiency of which nutrient?

Iodine

Along with weight reduction, what vitamins are recommended to help with bone health?

Vitamin C

Loss of muscle mass can be halted or reversed with which of the following?

Strength gaining exercises

A person having difficulty with nausea and vomiting may consider doing what?

Eat frequent, small snacks of dry carbohydrates.

Which of the following is a likely result of a high risk pregnancy?

Low birth weight infant

What is a good sourced for folate/ folic acid?

Spinach, breakfast cereals, lentils

What are some benefits for breastfeeding for both mother and infant?

Breastfeeding may decrease the risk of food allergies in the infant.

Breastfeeding may be protective against breast cancer.

Breastfeeding can mobilize fats stored to help women lose weight, particular in the lower body.

What pregnant client is at risk for poor nutritional status?

Teens and women older than 35 years of age. prepartum BMI of less than 18.5 or greater than 25.

multiparity

During a well- child visit, the nurse determines the BMI and reviews the foods records to evaluate for which of the following?

Adequacy of intake.

When are infants developmentally ready for the introductions of solid foods?

6 to 9 months

At what age does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that juices be introduced into the diets of infants?

Not before 6 months of age

Young children who drink too much milk are at risk for what?

Milk anemia

What is the recommendation of the first solid food that should be introduced in to a 6 month baby boy? infant rice cereal

By what age does milk become a major source of nutrients for the child?

12 months

What indication in an infant would you tell you that he or she is ready to progress to solid foods?

The eruption of teeth

What would an infant who is formula fest be at risk for?

Over feeding

What do breastfeed infants, ranging in age from birth to 1 year, need supplemented?

Vitamin D

To decrease risk of choking, what should children no be given? grapes

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend a heart healthy diet. What ages are theses recommendation for?

2 years to adult

What is a rule of numb guideline to determine an age appropriate serving size for a 3 year old?

3 tablespoons

Recommended snack to give a 6 year old following the Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Peanut butter and crackers

Foods that are eaten in adequate amounts for a school aged child?

Fruits, grains, dairy

There are commercial formulas made specifically for infants born with inborn errors of metabolism. For which of the following is there a special commercial formula?

Phenylketonuria

What is a nutritional risk for adolescence?

Vitamin A deficiency

What food is most likely to cause an allergy in children? soy

What period of time should a parent wait in between introducing new foods so that allergic reactions can easily be identified?

5 to 7 days

Its is part of the infants bedtime routine to get a bottle of warm milk when he goes down for the night.

What is this infant at risk for?

Nursing bottle caries

Active 15 year old boy calorie consumption to maintain his weight?

2800 calories

What have studies suggested about skipping breakfast?

It adversely affects cognition and learning

Why do some parents who are overweight feel they cannot set a good example in diet and nutrition for their children?

They do not practice what they preach

What is a contributing factor to the risk for calcium deficiency in adolescents?

The substitution of soft drinks with milk

The mother wants to know how many calories a day she should feed her 15 year old daughter to keep her from gaining weight?

1800 calories`

Which lunch is best for a 10 year old is active?

3 oz of tuna on whole wheat breast, 1 medium apple, 8 oz of 2% milk

What feeding skills would be expected for the 6 month infant to have developed?

Begins to eat smashed food

Formula feeding mothers should be aware that?

Formulas made in the United states have minimum nutrient requirements that are more than the nutrient amount provided in breast milk

What would be the best age appropriate response to a parent wanting to prevent obesity in a 9 month old?

Infants should be allowed to self regulate the amount of food they eat

Which of the following should the nurse recommend the mother give daily when following 1000 calorie diet for her 2 year old daughter who is gaining too much weight?

1 cup of vegetables.

2 cups dairy.

2 oz. protein.

All young clients who are not in healthy weight range should be evaluated for what risks?

Behavior risks Medical risks

How do many children eat in todays society?

Obtain a significant portion of their calories from sweetened beverages.

Get one third of their calories from snacks. skip breakfast.

What strategies could be used to get a child to eat?

Eating with the child.

Limiting snacks.

Spacing meal time further apart.

What is a disadvantage of assessing weight with BMI? BMI can be elevated for reasons other than excess fat.

What would someone with a BMI of 25 be considered? overweight

What would they be told about phentermine, an FDA approved drug for weight loss?

Tolerance may develop after only a few weeks

To achieve health benefits from weight loss , how much weight does an individual actually have to lose?

Health benefits can be realized with only modest weight loss.

What is an achievable and attainable initial weight loss goal?

5% to 10% body weight

Recommended rate of weight loss for the first 6 months of treatment is what?

1 to 2 pounds a week

How many calories per day deficit would you need to produce a 1 pound weight loss per week?

500 calories

What nutrient increases satiety, making a person feel fuller and better able to stick to a low calorie regimen? protein

What are the recommended calorie levels, based on gender, to produce to a 1 to 2 pound weight loss a week?

1600 cal/day for men and 1200 cal/ day for women

When is a person a candidate for drug therapy in the treatment of obesity?

When BMI is 30 or greater

What eating strategy may be appropriate for clients with bulimia nervosa? record intake before eating

Which behavior modification technique is appropriate in the treatment of obesity?

Using a small plate

What is another strategy for a person who has failed restrictive dieting?

Using a nondiet approach to weight control.

What should be the focus of nutrition therapy goals for clients with anorexia?

Total number of calories consumed

What is a recommended strategy to help control calorie intake? estimate portion sizes of all foods.

What is a realistic caloric intake for a 28 year old woman wishing to lose weight?

1000 to 1200 cal/ day

What is one complication of obesity?

Obstructive sleep apnea

What would be the best suggestion or a client whose has diabetes and hypertension who has tried restrictive dieting and has not been able to lose weight?

Behavior modification

Which lunch would be best for an 18 year old client who is being treated for bulimia?

3 oz of grilled swordfish, 1/2 cup of steamed broccoli, 1/2 cup of rice pilaf and 4 oz hot tea

What would be an appropriate breakfast for a person on a low crab/ high fat diet?

1/2 cup of orange juice, 2 scrambled eggs cooked in 2 teaspoons of butter, and 1 oz of pork sausage

A client with a BMI of 31.8 needs counseling for decrease calorie intake. What would be the best level of caloric intake for the client?

1200 to 1600 cal / day

What really matters with weight loss?

The amount of calories consumed.

What strategy would be discussed for Promoting exercise adherence in obese clients report?

Exercise at home instead of a gym

What strategy would you expect to see on a list used to encourage clients to stick with their diets (low calorie)?

Give client preprinted menus

Which of the following is a factor related to the obesogenic environment?

Low cost, high calorie foods

The nurse recognizes that the most successful diet plan is which of the following?

Individualized to the clients preference and health status.

A reason why a family may be putting on weight after a recent move and change in environment may be?

Weight gain can develop when exposure to an obesogenic environment occurs

Which of the following will a client on 1400 cap/ day consume?

4 oz. protein.

1.5 cups vegetables.

4 teaspoon oils

What are some common complications of obesity?

Respiratory dysfunction. dyslipidemia. cholecystitis

Food refers to the plants and animals we consume

Nutrition science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health

chronic diseases diseases that come on slowly and can persist for years, often despite treatment

Carbohydrates Functions: primary energy source for the body Composed of: Chains of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Best food sources: whole grains, vegetables, fruits

Proteins functions: support tissue growth, repair, and maintenance Composed of: amino acids made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen Best Food sources: Meats , dairy products, seeds, nuts, legumes

Minerals Functions: Assist with fluid regulation and energy production; maintain health of blood and bones; rid body of harmful by products of metabolism Composed of: single elements such as sodium, potassium, calcium, or iron

Best food sources: Fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meats

Fats and oils Functions: important source of energy at rest and during low intensity exercise Composed of: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen Best Food sources: vegetable oils, butter, and dairy products

Vitamins Functions: assist with release of macronutrients, critical to building and maintaining bone, muscle, and blood; support immune function and vision Composed of: fat soluable and water soluable compounds Best food sources: Fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meats

Water Functions: ensures proper fluid balance; assists in regulation of nerve impulses, body temperature, and muscle contractions Composed of: Hydrogen and oxygen Best Food sources: water, juices, soups, fruits, and vegetables

six groups of hydrogen *carbs *fats and oils *proteins *vitamins *minerals *water

Organic nutrients contains both carbon and hydrogen

Fat soluble vitamins A D E K

water soluble c, b-vitamins (thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin b6, vitamin b12, pantothenic acid, biotin, folate)

Inorganic Substance or nutrient that does not contain carbon and hydrogen

minerals inorganic elements that assist in the regulation of many body processes and the maintenance of many body tissues

major minerals Minerals we need to consume in amounts of at least 100 mg per day and of which the total amount in our body is at least 5 grams

trace minerals minerals we need to consume in amounts less than 100mg per day and of which the total amount in our body is less than 5 grams

Scientific method the standarized, multistep process scientists use to examine evidence and test hypotheses

hypothesis an educated guess as to why a phenomenon occurs