TEST BANK for Foundations of Physical Activity and Public Health 2nd Edition. Harold Kohl, Tinker Mu

Chapter 1 1. Public Health Definitions Although integral to the field of public health, the main difference between medicine and public health is that a. public health deals with drugs and other medicinal preparations b. public health centers on cures for diseases in individuals c. medicine concentrates on the preventive aspect of diseases *d. medicine has traditionally focused on treatment of individuals 2. Defining Moments in Public Health What was the leading cause of death worldwide in 2007 according to 2008 WHO data? a. stroke and other cerebrovascular disease b. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease *c. ischemic heart disease d. lower respiratory disease e. HIV/AIDS 3. Defining Moments in Public Health 2 What was the cause of the first recorded attempt at collecting data in public health? a. typhoid fever *b. bubonic plague c. concern for the health of workers d. measles e. infant mortality 4. Chronic Diseases Which of the following is NOT a chronic disease? *a. ebola (hemorrhagic disease) b. coronary heart disease c. diabetes mellitus d. systemic sclerosis

5. Principles of Health Promotion "Starbucks cafes now have nutritional information printed on their ordering menus, next to the beverage titles, rather than having them solely available online." This is an example of the principle of health promotion. a. multidimensional b. empowerment and inclusion c. participatory d. advocacy *e. intersectoral collaboration 6. Five Pillars of Public Health Which of the following is NOT one of the five pillars of public health illustrated in the text? a. epidemiology and disease control b. health promotion and health education c. health administration and policy d. environmental health *e. kinesiology 7. World Health Organization Principles of Health Promotion Which of the following principles of health promotion suggests health programs should strive to be inclusive at all steps and seek to maximize participation individually and collectively? a. intersectional collaboration b. empowerment and inclusion c. advocacy *d. participatory e. multidimensional 8. Germ Theory Who developed and legitimized the germ theory of disease transmission after his work on anthrax and tuberculosis? a. Konrad Lorenz *b. Robert Koch c. Ignaz Semmelweis d. Gregor Mendel e. Joseph Lister

9. Core Functions of Public Health The essential functions of public health interact in a cycle around which of the functions of system management? *a. research b. law enforcement c. policy development d. health monitoring e. mobilization of community partnerships 10. Future of Public Health The name of a new subdiscipline that bridges the gap between public health and kinesiology is a. exercise biostatistics b. epidemiology and disease control *c. physical activity and public health d. exercise and medicine e. exercise and health education 11. Public Health Focus Shift The 20th century witnessed the gradual replacement of nutritional diseases with the more influential infectious diseases. a. True *b. False 12. Epidemiology The science of epidemiology concentrates on populations. *a. True b. False 13. Chronic Versus Infectious Diseases Low- and middle-income countries are more likely to be concerned with chronic diseases than infectious diseases throughout their populations. a. True *b. False

13. Chronic Versus Infectious Diseases Low- and middle-income countries are more likely to be concerned with chronic diseases than infectious diseases throughout their populations. a. True *b. False 15. Public Health Law Examples of public health change through the legal system, regulatory system, or both systems include immunizations and prohibition of smoking in public places. *a. True b. False 16. Defining Moments in Public Health 3 What was one of the earliest epidemics related to the roots of public health in a historical mode?

Correct Answer: The bubonic plague is an example.

17. Functions of Public Health What helped characterize public health by developing a set of essential services and standards?

Correct Answer: Public Health Functions Project 18. Biostatistics What is the quantitative branch of public health composed of?

Correct Answer: biostatistics 19. Epidemiology and Disease Control What is the basic science of public health?

Correct Answer: epidemiology

20. Nutritional Diseases In the early 20th century, what diseases were given priority over infectious diseases?

Correct Answer: nutritional diseases

Chapter 2 1. Physical Activity Versus Exercise Which of the following descriptions best defines the term exercise? *a. a specific type of physical activity that is planned, repetitive, and done for a specific purpose b. a set of measureable physiological parameters c. any movement of the body that results in additional energy expenditure above resting levels d. physical attributes related to improved health e. physical attributes related to athleticism 2. Physical Fitness Components All of the following are examples of the components of physical fitness EXCEPT a. balance b. flexibility *c. speed d. cardiorespiratory endurance e. musculoskeletal fitness 2. Physical Fitness Components All of the following are examples of the components of physical fitness EXCEPT a. balance b. flexibility *c. speed d. cardiorespiratory endurance e. musculoskeletal fitness 4. Functional Health and Physical Function Which of the following terms describes a state of reasonable health but with some disability and includes the maintenance of functional ability and role ability? a. physically fit b. athletic c. physically active *d. functional health/physical function e. skill-related fitness

5. Kinesiology Disciplines and Exercise Testing Examining the effect of running and the euphoric "runner's high" on the production of serotonin in the brain is an example of which of the following subdisciplines of kinesiology? a. movement sciences b. sport and exercise psychology c. physical therapy d. pedagogy *e. exercise physiology 6. Type of Physical Activities activities last for 3 to 15 minutes and require high levels of oxygen delivery to the working muscles. *a. Aerobic power b. Aerobic capacity c. Anaerobic power d. Anaerobic capacity 7. Type of Physical Activities 2 activities stress the ability to maintain a high percentage of VO2max for extended periods (i.e., 20 minutes or longer). a. Aerobic power *b. Aerobic capacity c. Anaerobic power d. Anaerobic capacity 8. Intensity of Physical Activities Absolute intensity is often expressed as a. a percentage of aerobic power b. a percentage of max heart rate or max heart rate reserve *c. walking at 4 miles per hour or jogging at 5 miles per hour d. a percentage of 1-repetition maximum e. ratings of perceived exertion

9. Intensity of Physical Activities 2 Which of the following intensities is associated with physical activity or exercise at moderate intensity? a. >8 METs b. 7-8 METs c. 6-7 METs *d. 3-5 METs e. <3 METs 10. Applying Physical Activity and Training Principles Which of the following terms refers to the loss of health or fitness outcomes after the cessation of a regular program of physical activity or exercise? a. specificity b. overtraining c. periodization d. recovery *e. detraining 11. FITT Concept FITT stands for frequency, intensity, time, and type. *a. True b. False 12. Volume of Training Total caloric expenditure is not influenced by the volume (or dosage) of training (physical activity or exercise) that one accumulates over time. a. True *b. False 13. Energy Expenditure Resting energy expenditure while sitting at rest is equal to about 1 MET. *a. True b. False

14. Types of Physical Activity or Exercise Training Interval training requires an individual to work at a higher intensity for a few seconds or minutes followed by working at lower (recovery) intensities for the same amount of time. *a. True b. False 15. Type of Physical Activity Dynamic physical activity or exercise requires muscleshortening (concentric) and muscle-lengthening (eccentric) movements. *a. True b. False 16. Dose-Response Benefits What term refers to the amount of physical activity needed to achieve health, fitness, or performance goals?

Correct Answer: dose-response 17. Accumulation What term refers to acquiring a specific dose of physical activity or exercise, or achieving a physical activity or exercise goal, by performing several shorter bouts and adding them up (e.g., three bouts lasting 10 minutes each to achieve 30 minutes of daily physical activity)?

Correct Answer: accumulation 18. Anaerobic Activities Which type of activity requires the use of nonoxidative energy systems (energy-producing reactions in the body that do not require oxygen), which allows one to work more effectively at high intensities for short durations?

Correct Answer: anaerobic

19. Progression and Adaptation What term refers to cycles of FITT variables, the volume of physical activity and exercise, and recovery time?

Correct Answer: progression/adaptation 20. Compliance What term refers to people's ability to continue to participate in regular physical activity or exercise programming?

Correct Answer: compliance

Chapter 3 1. History of Physical Activity and Public Health The initial merger of the fields of exercise science and public health came together with a publication of a study conducted in London in the *a. 1950s b. 1960s c. 1970s d. 1980s e. 1990s 2. History of Physical Activity and Public Health 2 Which of these researchers studied the relationship between physical activity levels of bus drivers and the incidence of coronary disease? a. Ralph Paffenbarger *b. Jeremy Morris c. Alexander Fleming d. Thomas Cureton e. I.M. Lee 3. Leading Causes of Death What were the leading causes of death in the United States in 1900 and 2006, respectively? a. TB; stroke b. cancer; Alzheimer's disease *c. pneumonia and influenza; heart disease d. accidents; diabetes e. diphtheria; cancers 4. From Science to Practice and Back Which of these is important to public health as characterized by science and action? a. epidemiology b. surveillance c. community interventions *d. biomedical science disciplines e. development of health guidelines

5. Surveillance has been defined as the ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data essential to the planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice. a. Epidemiology b. Community interventions c. Efficacy studies d. Effectiveness studies *e. Public health surveillance 6. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans How many minutes of physical activity should children and adolescents (ages 6 to 17) attain, according to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans? a. 30 minutes daily b. 45 minutes every other day *c. 60 minutes or more daily d. 60 minutes every other day e. 225 minutes per week 7. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 2 How many minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (minimum) should adults (ages 18 to 64) attain per week, according to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans? a. 1 hour 30 minutes (90) b. 1 hour 45 minutes (105) c. 2 hours (120) *d. 2 hours 30 minutes (150) e. 3 hours 30 minutes (210) 8. 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans 3 How many minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity (minimum) should older adults (aged 65 and older) attain per week, according to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans? a. 1 hour 30 minutes (90) b. 1 hour 45 minutes (105)

c. 2 hours (120) *d. 2 hours 30 minutes (150) e. 3 hours 30 minutes (210) 9. Social Ecological Model Which of these is a determinant of the social ecological model? a. individual factors b. social factors c. environmental factors d. policy factors *e. informational factors 10. Practitioners of Physical Activity and Public Health In 2006, which professional organization, made up of professionals interested in advancing the capacity of professionals in physical activity and public health in the United States, was created? a. AAHPERD b. ACSM c. ISPAH d. NASPE *e. NSPAPPH

11. History of Physical Activity and Public Health 3 Dr. Ralph S. Paffenbarger Jr. was the first to more precisely identify the amounts and types of physical activity that are associated with health by studying college dropouts and steel workers. a. True *b. False 12. First Antibiotic Medicine The first antibiotic developed was penicillin, discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming. *a. True b. False

13. Exercise and Heart Hypothesis People who exercise more frequently have healthier circulatory systems and lower risk of death from heart disease than similar people who do not exercise. *a. True b. False 14. Role of Physical Activity in Chronic Disease Development Influenza, tuberculosis, measles, and malaria are classified as noncommunicable diseases. a. True *b. False 15. Community Interventions Efficacy trials are studies that are used to test or establish that a particular intervention can change a condition in the population. *a. True b. False 16. Physical Activity in Chronic Disease Development What is the term that describes conditions and illnesses that occur or develop over a relatively long period (months to years), are prolonged, and may be preventable, but are rarely completely cured?

Correct Answer: chronic diseases 17. Community Interventions 2 What is critical to the determination of change in public health, especially at the community level?

Correct Answer: intervention 18. Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans The Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans details

recommendations for the weekly amount of physical activity necessary to prevent and manage disease and to promote positive health outcomes, based on a summary of scientific literature found in which publication?

Correct Answer: Physical Activity Advisory Committee Report 19. Practitioners of Physical Activity in Public Health What is the name of the certification developed by NSPAPPH that involves resources and training for professionals in physical activity and public health?

Correct Answer: physical activity and public health specialist 20. Promoting Physical Activity for Health Educational mandates, enhanced access to places where people can be physically active, and transportation-related initiatives are examples of which type of influence on physical activity?

Correct Answer: public policy

Chapter 4 1. Caloric Expenditure Measures What is the most changeable component of total energy expenditure (TEE)? *a. physical activity energy expenditure b. thermic effect of food c. basal metabolic energy expenditure d. sleep metabolism e. metabolism sitting at rest 2. Caloric Expenditure Measures 2 Which of these techniques for measuring or estimating caloric expenditure at the individual level is the least accurate? a. indirect calorimetry *b. SOFIT c. doubly labeled water d. accelerometers e. GPS monitors 3. Direct Observation Techniques Which of these is an example of a direct observation technique that can be used by researchers and practitioners to estimate group-level physical activity and associated environmental characteristics in park and recreation settings? a. SOFIT b. GPS monitors *c. SOPARC d. diaries e. interviews 4. Questionnaires For which of these subgroups would the use of self-reported questionnaires to obtain estimates of physical activity levels NOT be recommended? a. adults aged 46 to 65 b. adults aged 18 to 45 c. adolescents aged 15 to 18

*d. children under 12 e. adults over age 65 5. Direct Observation Techniques 2 Which of these terms refers to the phenomenon of individuals changing their behaviors if they know that they are being observed? a. recall bias b. self-report c. social desirability d. response bias *e. reactivity 6. Questionnaires 2 Which of these is NOT a usual time frame reported by researchers who study physical activity levels with the use of questionnaire methodologies? a. past 3 days b. past week c. past 30 days d. last month *e. last year 7. Questionnaires 3 Which of these terms refers to the inability to remember certain physical activities when completing questionnaires or surveys? *a. recall bias b. self-report c. combined measures d. inability to recall e. reactivity 8. Physical Activity Surveillance Which of these instruments was the first developed in the 1990s to allow for consistent physical activity measurements across countries? a. SOPARC b. YRBSS

*c. IPAQ d. SOPARC e. GPAQ 9. Physical Activity Surveillance 2 Which of these domains of physical activity is NOT commonly assessed? a. recreational (discretionary time) *b. sleep activity c. occupational physical activity d. transport-related activity e. domestic (household) activity 10. Sources of Physical Activity Data Which of these U.S. surveillance data sources focuses on monitoring physical activity levels in high school students? a. BRFSS b. NHIS c. NHANES *d. YRBSS e. CRBSS 11. Components of Total Energy Expenditure Total energy expenditure (TEE) = physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) + thermic effect of food (TEF) + basal metabolic energy expenditure (BMEE) + transport-related activity (TRA). a. True *b. False 12. Measures to Estimate Energy Expenditure Pedometers are less expensive and measure physical activity better than accelerometers. a. True *b. False

13. Methods of Data Collection If you wanted to study the physical activity engagements of several dozen families living in the same neighborhood, you could provide each person with an accelerometer. You could improve this method by asking each person to wear a GPS monitor in addition to the accelerometer. *a. True b. False 14. Environmental Indicators An example of an environmental indicator of physical activity is the location of and access to parks, recreational and fitness places, or other places to be active. *a. True b. False 15. Self-Report Self-reporting instruments are not always reliable because it is difficult for participants to recall their activity over an extended time. *a. True b. False 16. Indirect Calorimetry Someone who is often physically active will produce a amount of carbon dioxide, indicating metabolic activity.

Correct Answer(s): a. greater; increased 17. Physical Activity Recall During the 7-Day Physical Activity Recall (PAR), the interviewer probes for duration of participation in each physical activity, beginning with the most day and continuing to the most day.

Correct Answer(s): a. distal; proximal

18. Diaries and often use diaries to help exercisers and athletes understand and adhere to their training regimens.

Correct Answer(s): a. Personal trainers; coaches 19. Questionnaires 4 As opposed to devices, which measure movement, questionnaires measure Correct Answer(s): a. behavior 20. Surveillance in Population Approximately what proportion of the worldwide population was estimated to be insufficiently active in the Lancet Series of Physical Activity II (2016)?

Correct Answer: Approximately a fourth of the global population was insufficiently active at the time this series was published.

Chapter 5 1. All-Cause Mortality The minimum amount of physical activity (minutes per week) associated with a significant decrease in all-cause mortality is a. 60 b. 120 *c. 150 d. 180 e. 200 2. Risk Factors for CVD Which of these is a risk factor for CVD that is nonmodifiable or less modifiable? a. hypertension b. atherogenic dyslipidemia c. physical inactivity d. obesity *e. age 3. Cardiorespiratory Health Benefits From Physical Activity Participating in regular physical activity and exercise causes moderate-intensity heart rates to be and blood pressures to be at the same workloads from pre- to post-testing. *a. lower; lower b. lower; higher c. higher; lower d. higher; higher e. unchanged; unchanged 4. Cardiorespiratory Health Benefits From Physical Activity 2 Healthy adults' participation in regular physical activity and exercise causes their maximal stroke volume to and their VO2max to at high-intensity workloads after several months. a. decline; decline *b. increase; increase

c. decline; increase d. increase; decline e. unchanged; unchanged 5. Secondary Prevention of CVD Participation in exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation programs has been shown to reduce mortality rates by within the first 6 months of a cardiac event.

%

a. 5 b. 10 *c. 20 d. 40 e. 60 6. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments The most common method of measuring or estimating VO2max is *a. GXT testing b. 1-mile run c. step tests d. nonexercise prediction equation e. 20-minute walk 7. Metabolic Disease Risk Factors Which of these specific metabolic adaptions is NOT expected as a result of physical activity? a. increased total energy expenditure b. lower LDL cholesterol levels *c. increased triglyceride levels d. improved glucose tolerance e. improved protein synthesis and amino acid uptake to skeletal muscles 8. Kinesiology and Metabolic Health Which of these is NOT a risk factor associated with metabolic syndrome? a. abdominal obesity b. hypertension *c. high levels of HDL cholesterol d. hypotension

e. elevated blood glucose levels 9. Common Test of Metabolic Function A glucose level of >126 mg/dl measured via a fasting plasma glucose test is a. normal b. low c. consistent with prediabetes *d. consistent with having diabetes e. impossible 10. General Recommendations for Metabolic Health Scientific evidence from the Diabetes Prevention Program indicated that adults who were overweight and had prediabetes could reduce their risk for developing diabetes by 58% if they lost 7% of their body weight and were physically active how many minutes per week? a. 300 *b. 150 c. 100 d. 90 e. 50 11. Modifiable Versus Nonmodifiable Risk Factors Modifiable risk factors can be altered significantly by lifestyle changes or pharmaceutical intervention, whereas nonmodifiable risk factors cannot be regulated at all. a. True *b. False 12. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) can be estimated without being in a lab and without doing maximal testing. *a. True b. False 13. Risk of Diabetes Non-Hispanic Caucasians are at higher risk for diabetes than Asians.

a. True *b. False 14. Metabolic Syndrome Two primary clinical outcomes associated with metabolic syndrome are type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. *a. True b. False 15. Insulin Resistance Insulin resistance is associated with physical inactivity. *a. True b. False 16. Metabolic Syndrome 2 is a variety of clinical characteristics that have been defined differently by several organizations but include abnormal lipid levels, abnormal blood pressure, excess abdominal obesity, and abnormal glucose and insuline levels.

Correct Answer(s): a. Metabolic syndrome 17. Diabetes Mellitus is a syndrome associated with low insulin secretion, a limited ability of insulin to act on target tissues to maintain glucose homeostasis, or both of these conditions.

Correct Answer(s): a. Diabetes mellitus 18. Type 2 Diabetes is related to overweight and obesity and insulin resistance.

Correct Answer(s): a. Type 2 diabetes 19. Cardiorespiratory Health Benefits From Physical Activity 3

The equation explains the central (pump function) and peripheral (muscle function) components of the cardiorespiratory system, and both parts can adapt to provide increases in cardiorespiratory endurance after conditioning.

Correct Answer(s): a. Fick 20. Cardiorespiratory Fitness Assessments 2 To predict the percentage of VO2max at which many people could work, you could use % of their initial VO2max.

Correct Answer(s): a. 50

Chapter 6 1. Population Differences According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the normal range of BMI values for adults is a. <18.5 kg/m2 *b. 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 c. 25 to 29.9 kg/m2 d. 30 to 39.9 kg/m2 e. >40 kg/m2 2. Population Differences 2 Children and adolescents are considered to be overweight according to which of these criteria? a. BMI less than the 5th percentile for age and sex b. BMI between the 5th and 85th percentiles for age and sex c. BMI at the 50th percentile for age and sex *d. BMI between the 85th and 95th percentiles for age and sex e. BMI greater than the 95th percentiles for age and sex 3. Estimated Energy Expenditure and Weight Management To lose 1 pound (0.45 kg) of fat, theoretically, you would need to restrict or maintain energy intake while expending more kilocalories in physical activity and exercise to the equivalent of kilocalories. *a. 3,500 b. 3,000 c. 2,000 d. 1,000 e. 500 4. Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight Research by Wang and colleagues in 2008 suggests that if trends of overweight and obesity continue in the United States at current rates, by 2030 of adults will be overweight or obese.

a. 15% b. 20% to 25% c. 30% to 35% d. 50% *e. more than 85% 5. Healthcare Costs Obesity and overweight contribute significantly to overall U.S. healthcare costs. By 2030, they are predicted to contribute about percent of total U.S. healthcare costs. a. 5-6 b. 10-11 *c. 15-18 d. 19-20 e. 25-26 6. Weight Loss Versus Weight Maintenance What is clinically significant weight loss, as defined by USDHHS, PAGAC 2018? a. reduction in body weight of at least 3% b. reduction in body weight of at least 8% *c. reduction in body weight of at least 5% d. reduction in body weight of at least 10% e. reduction in weight loss of at least 15% 7. Kinesiology and Body Weight Those who have may have an increase in sleep duration and quality of sleep upon becoming physically active. a. stroke b. osteoarthritis c. underweight d. dyslipidemia *e. obstructive sleep apnea 8. Common Assessments of Obesity and Overweight Which of these body composition measures would have the highest rate of error? a. full-body MRI scan

b. full-body DXA scan c. hydrostatic weighing *d. bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) at varying hydration levels e. skinfold calipers 9. Common Assessments of Obesity and Overweight 2 The simplest yet least accurate way to assess body composition is by *a. visual inspection b. hydrostatic weighing c. skinfold measurement d. circumference e. MRI or CT scans 10. Scientific Evidence and Guidelines How many minutes (minimum) of physical activity or exercise may be required per week to prevent regaining weight after weight loss or to significantly decrease abdominal fat? a. <100 *b. >150 c. >200 d. >250 e. >300 11. Obesity and Overweight Challenges The environment in which an individual resides has little influence on his caloric intake. a. True *b. False 12. Obesity and Overweight Challenges 2 Physical activity and exercise are as effective in weight loss and maintenance as exercise and diet interventions. a. True *b. False

13. Kinesiology and Body Weight 2 An increase in muscular endurance, a decrease in VO2max, and an increase in self-efficacy are all adaptations related to body composition through fitness programming. a. True *b. False 14. Common Assessments of Obesity and Overweight 3 A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, although the most expensive body composition measurement, is the most accurate. *a. True b. False 15. Obesity and Overweight Challenges 3 Four approaches for helping people achieve energy balance are to (1) target total energy intake; (2) promote an intervention in physical activity, exercise, diet, or a combination of all; (3) balance nonactive and active leisure time; and (4) engage in physical activity and exercise for benefits besides the prevention of overweight and obesity. *a. True b. False 16. Population Differences 3 Body mass index (BMI) is limited as a measure of body composition because it does not take into account the muscle mass or mass of individuals.

Correct Answer(s): a. lean; fat 17. Prevalence of Obesity and Overweight 2 Youth obesity trends in the United States in 2014 were reported to be greater than %.

Correct Answer(s): a. 18

18. Obesity and Overweight Challenges 4 A change in body weight of more than 2 kg per year or 10 kg per decade or a weight increase of more than 3 percent is called ?

Correct Answer(s): a. excessive weight gain 19. Common Methods for Measuring Body Composition The commercially available is a popular and current (yet expensive) method of measuring body composition by applying air displacement plethysmography.

Correct Answer(s): a. Bod Pod 20. Scientific Evidence and Guidelines 2 Insufficient evidence is available to determine whether the relationship between physical activity and health effects in children younger than years of age is moderated by age, sex, race/ethnicity, weight status, or socioeconomic status.

Correct Answer(s): a. 6

Chapter 7 1. Risk Factors for Osteoporosis Which of these is NOT a modifiable risk factor for osteoporosis? *a. history of fractures b. physical inactivity c. tobacco use d. low calcium or vitamin D intake or absorption e. being thin or underweight 2. Risk Factors for Osteoarthritis Which of these is NOT a nonmodifiable risk factor for osteoarthritis? a. age *b. excess body mass c. heredity (genetics) d. sex e. history of joint injury 3. Kinesiology and Muscle Health Older sedentary adults can see improvements of in certain measures of strength and muscular endurance in 8 to 12 weeks.

to

a. 5%; 10% b. 15%; 20% c. 30%; 40% d. 60%; 70% *e. 50%; 100% 4. Musculoskeletal Adaptations to Physical Activity and Exercise Which of these is NOT an important biomechanical adaptation to regular participation in physical activity and exercise? a. improved economy b. improved balance *c. improved self-efficacy d. improved proprioception e. improved mobility

5. Common Assessments of Musculoskeletal Fitness or Function Which of these is NOT a common assessment of musculoskeletal fitness or function that is used to measure muscular strength? a. 1RM b. handgrip dynamometry c. isokinetic dynamometry *d. goniometer test e. 5RM 6. Common Assessments of Musculoskeletal Fitness or Function 2 Which of these is NOT a common assessment of musculoskeletal fitness or function that is used to measure muscular endurance? a. 70% of 1RM b. push-ups *c. vertical jump d. sit-to-stand test e. sit-ups 7. Peak Bone Mass Which of these subgroups would be an excellent target population to encourage to participate regularly in musculoskeletal activities because they are able to increase their peak bone mass? a. adults over age 65 b. adults aged 40 to 50 c. adults aged 30 to 40 *d. teenage girls e. women aged 35 to 45 8. Space Bed Rest and Bone Health Which of these is NOT a common physiological effect associated with travel to space or prolonged bed rest? a. measureable bone loss b. less efficient absorption of vitamin D and calcium c. increased risk for osteoporotic fractures

d. accelerated risk for osteoporosis *e. increased VO2max 9. Scientific Evidence and Guidelines Adults should engage in muscle-strengthening activities at least per week, according to the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. a. once *b. twice c. three times d. four times e. seven times 10. Functional Health Which of these is NOT a part of the model that links relationships of the integration of factors associated with functional health described in the textbook? *a. public health policy b. current health status c. exercise sciences d. peak performance e. lifestyle factors 11. Functional Health 2 Functional ability refers to the capacity to perform a task, activity, or behavior independently. *a. True b. False 12. Functional Health 3 Functional health refers to the ability to perform activities of daily living. a. True *b. False 13. Common Tests of Functional Health The Functional Assessment Measure (FAM) measures multiple

subdomains of functional health status, including physical and role function. a. True *b. False 14. Scientific Evidence and Guidelines 2 To lower the risk of falls, exercise programs should include balance training and muscle-strengthening activities three times per week for 30 minutes each session. *a. True b. False 15. Scientific Evidence and Guidelines 3 Adults with chronic conditions should engage in regular physical activity because doing so can improve their quality of life and reduce the risk of developing new conditions. *a. True b. False 16. Functional Health 4 For the development or maintenance of functional health, research clearly demonstrates the importance of avoiding .

Correct Answer(s): a. inactivity 17. Musculoskeletal Adaptations to Physical Activity and Exercise 2 Physical activity and exercise help improve the ability to increase the of motor units and therefore improve force production.

Correct Answer(s): a. recruitment

18. Common Assessments of Musculoskeletal Fitness or Function 3 Peak bone mass (or BMD) occurs on average for men and women by age and begins to drop after menopause in women and by age 70 in most men.

Correct Answer(s): a. 30 19. Scientific Evidence and Guidelines 4 Participation in regular physical activity and exercise can reduce the risk of hip fractures anywhere from % to %, and regular physical activity can increase bone mineral density by 1% to 2%.

Correct Answer(s): a. 36; 68 20. Fitness Recommendations for Functional Health levels of physical activity and exercise are associated with lower risk for functional and role limitations.

Correct Answer(s): a. Modest

Chapter 8 1. Prevalence of Cancers Only % to % of cancers are linked to heredity (genetics). a. 5; 10 *b. 10; 15 c. 25; 30 d. 40; 50 e. 60; 70 2. Prevalence of Cancers 2 It is estimated that % of the total deaths from cancer in 2014 were related to lifestyle factors like being physically inactive, smoking, or having an unhealthy diet. a. 10 b. 50 c. 25 *d. 45 3. Cancer Risk Factors How many stages are in the multistage model of carcinogenesis? a. 1 b. 2 *c. 3 d. 4 e. 5 4. Cancer Risk Factors 2 Which of these is NOT a modifiable risk factor for cancer? a. physical inactivity b. poor nutrient intake c. toxic environmental exposure *d. age e. excessive sun exposure 5. Kinesiology and Cancers There is substantial evidence of a dose-response

relationship between physical activity and reduced risk for cancer for which two types of cancer? a. lung; bronchus b. urinary; prostate c. liver; colon d. breast; prostate *e. breast; colon 6. Physical Activity Exposure in Cancer Studies Which of these is NOT a potential mechanism through which physical activity lowers cancer risk? *a. improved neural recruitment b. lower transit time in the colon c. reduced insulin resistance d. improved immune function e. lower systemic low-grade inflammation 7. Physical Activity Exposure in Cancer Studies 2 The scientific literature seems to support six likely explanations (through two different pathways) of how physical activity reduces risk of cancers. One pathway is direct via physical activity participation and the other is indirect via physical activity influences on a. diabetes b. muscle strength c. aerobic capacity *d. body composition and adiposity e. biomechanics 8. Physical Activity Among Cancer Survivors In 2016, an estimated to million people in the United States were living with cancer or had survived a bout of cancer. a. 1; 2 b. 5; 6 *c. 15; 16 d. 15; 20 e. 25; 30

9. Physical Activity Among Cancer Survivors 2 Among individuals engaging in physical activity, clear and substantial gains in upper-body strength and can be expected even after cancer treatment, and small to moderate gains can be expected even during treatment. a. anxiety b. symptoms or side effects c. fatigue d. cardiorespiratory fitness *e. lower-body strength 10. Scientific Evidence for Cancers Participation in regular physical activity and exercise can lower the risk of colon cancer by % and the risk for breast cancer by %, according to the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report. a. 5; 25 *b. 19; 12 c. 10; 30 d. 30; 10 e. 25; 25 11. Definition of Cancer Cancer is actually a group of diseases, each with its own risks, etiologies, and pathologies. *a. True b. False 12. Prevalence of Cancers 3 In 2015, cancer accounted for 23% of all deaths in the United States. *a. True b. False 13. Prevalence of Cancers 4 It is estimated that 25% of cancers in the US are the result of overweight and unhealthy eating. a. True

*b. False 14. Cancer Risk Factors 3 The third stage of the multistage process of carcinogenesis where some cells become full, invasive tumors and cancer is subsequently diagnosed is called promotion. a. True *b. False 15. Kinesiology and Cancer The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report found strong evidence for a causal relation between levels of physical activity and risk of developing lung cancer. a. True *b. False 16. Prevalence of Cancers 5 In the United States, one excellent source for cancer information is the , one of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Correct Answer(s): a. National Cancer Institute 17. Physical Activity Exposure in Cancer Studies 3 Because of the uncontrolled differentiation and multiplication of cells that characterize most cancers, the body's system has long been a target for understanding cancer prevention and treatment.

Correct Answer(s): a. immune 18. Prevalence of Cancers 6 Lee and colleagues estimated that % of breast and colon cancer cases globally were attributable to physical inactivity.

Correct Answer(s): a. 10

19. Screening for Early Diagnosis of Cancer Self-screenings for many cancers are valuable for personal awareness and may result in the of disease.

Correct Answer(s): a. early detection 20. Physical Activity Among Cancer Survivors 3 Growing scientific evidence gives substantial credibility to the belief that should be part of a cancer survivor's therapy.

Correct Answer(s): a. physical activity programming

Chapter 9 1. Prevalence of Brain Health Disorders All of these are common mental health disorders EXCEPT *a. Profile Of Mood States b. schizophrenia c. dementia d. depression e. substance abuse 2. Prevalence of Brain Health Disorders 2 It is estimated that in the United States common brain and mental health conditions affect % of American adults in any one year. a. 15.5 *b. 18.3 c. 35.0 d. 38.6 e. 40.2 3. Common Brain and Mental Health Disorders refers to a person's existing or current emotional state. a. Dysthymia b. POMS *c. State anxiety d. Self-esteem e. Muscle dysmorphia 4. Common Brain and Mental Health Disorders 2 Type A or B personality profiles are associated with a. state anxiety b. muscle dysmorphia c. dysthymia *d. trait anxiety e. POMS 5. Common Brain and Mental Health Disorders 3 Which of these mental health disorders is associated with

addictive behaviors that include a preoccupation with muscularity? a. state anxiety b. trait anxiety c. anorexia nervosa d. dementia *e. muscle dysmorphia 6. Risk Factors Associated with Brain Health Disorders All but which of these are modifiable risk factors formental health disorders? *a. improved neural recruitment b. lower colon transit time c. reduced insulin resistance d. improved immune function e. lower systemic low-grade inflammation 7. Physical Activity and Mental Health Which of these has NOT been hypothesized as a physiological adaptation associated with improving mental health following regular participation in physical activity? a. increased blood flow in the brain *b. decreased capillary growth and development c. increased cerebral metabolism d. improved regulation of neurotransmitters e. improved synapse function 8. Testing for Brain and Mental Health Disorders The Profile of Mood States questionnaire-type instrument assesses fluctuating mood states, including all of these EXCEPT a. anger-hostility b. fatigue *c. self-esteem d. vigor-activity e. confusion-bewilderment 9. Physical Activity Guidelines for Brain Health Although extensive research on and scientific evidence of

the health benefits of physical activity and exercise on many physical health outcomes exist, it is only since the that positive relationships between physical activity and exercise science and brain health have begun to emerge in the literature. a. 1950s b. 1960s c. 1970s d. 1980s *e. 1990s 10. Brain Health Disorders and Physical Activity The dose of physical activity or exercise required for ameliorating brain health disorders (e.g., depression and distress) is 3 to 5 days per week of to minutes of moderate to vigorous activity sessions, according to the Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee Report. a. 5; 10 b. 20; 30 c. 30; 90 *d. 30; 60 e. 60; 150 11. Definitions of Brain and Mental Health A valuable resource that describes various mental health disorders related to emotional and behavioral symptoms according to the American Psychiatric Association (2013) is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. *a. True b. False 12. Prevalence of Brain Health Disorders 3 The largest component of economic burden of the costs from mental health disorders in the United States derives from lost work productivity due to depression. *a. True b. False

13. Common Brain and Mental Health Disorders 4 Dysthymia is defined as having depression symptoms for the past year, and it affects 1.5% of the U.S. adult population. a. True *b. False 14. Physical Activity Quality of Life and Sleep Acute bouts of physical activity can improve sleep onset latency, total sleep time, and the time it takes to wake up in the morning. *a. True b. False 15. Physical Activity Quality of Life and Sleep 2 There is strong evidence indicating that regular physical activity contributes to higher levels of health-related quality of life among older adults. *a. True b. False 16. Prevalence and Economic Costs of Brain Health Disorders The number of people in the United States associated with the costs of mental disorders has almost in the past 10 years.

Correct Answer(s): a. doubled 17. Common Brain Health Disorders Adolescents (ages 13 to 18) in the United States have a lifetime combined prevalence of % for dysthymia and major depressive disorder.

Correct Answer(s): a. 11.2 18. Common Brain Health Disorders 2 Central nervous system (CNS) disorders associated with

genetics and aging that have been linked to mental disorders include .

Correct Answer(s): a. dementia and Alzheimer's disease 19. Physical Activity and Brain Health The central hypothesis that the development of motor skills (improved biomechanics) allows people to participate in a greater variety of physical activity and exercise activities with more confidence is due to increases in .

Correct Answer(s): a. self-efficacy 20. Physical Activity and Cognitive Function Cognitive function outcomes as a result of acute bouts of physical activity among pre-pubertal children include improved attention, processing speed, and .

Correct Answer(s): a. memory

Chapter 10 1. Risks of Exercise and Physical Activity Which of these is NOT a risk of physical activity participation? *a. increased blood glucose b. heart attack c. sudden cardiac death d. anterior cruciate ligament tears e. concussions 2. Rates The term numerator monster refers to *a. counting only cases rather than the population at risk b. a primordial math major c. not having a numerator and having only a denominator d. when the numerator and denominator are equal e. when the numerator is more than twice the size of the denominator 3. Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Injury Which of these is NOT an identified risk factor for exercise-related musculoskeletal injury? a. cigarette smoking behaviors b. previous injury *c. blood pressure d. anatomical factors e. use of protective equipment 4. Injury Prevalence According to a study by Powell and colleagues, the type of exercise with the highest prevalence of injury is a. aerobic dance b. running c. bicycle riding *d. weightlifting e. gardening

5. Anatomical Influences on Injury The term pes planovalgus refers to a. knock knees b. high arches c. bowlegs d. hammer toe *e. flat feet 6. Risks of Exercise and Physical Activity 2 Which of these statements is false? *a. The risks of exercise are about the same as the benefits. b. People who regularly exercise are at a much lower overall risk of sudden cardiac death than nonexercisers. c. Previous injury is a good predictor of future injury. d. Clearance by a physician is not usually necessary for people who want to begin to be more physically active. e. Understanding risks of exercise requires knowing the number of cases and the population at risk.

7. Exercise Injury Risk Factors Which of these statements is false? a. Physical activity increases the risk of adverse events. *b. Exercise-related injuries are preventable. c. Risk of sudden cardiac death is higher among habitually inactive people than among active people. d. Exercise increases the risk of sudden cardiac death. e. Physical activity increases the risk of musculoskeletal injury.

8. Stretching Stretching is helpful in an exercise routine because

a. it lowers the risk of exercise-related sudden cardiac death b. it helps prevent hamstring injuries *c. it feels good and increases flexibility d. it helps improve performance e. it helps with reaction time 9. Understanding Risks in Public Health Practice It is important to understand the benefits and risks of public health practice because *a. it is the responsible, ethical approach b. research projects are incomplete without it c. funding doesn't happen without it d. it should be more like medical practice e. it is important to protect against liability claims 10. Scientific Evidence for Injury Prevention The best way to prevent an exercise-related musculoskeletal injury is to a. brace the joint before exercise b. ice the area after exercise c. stretch consistently before and after exercise *d. We don't know the best way to prevent exercise injuries. e. stop smoking 11. Exercise Safety Anyone wishing to begin to be more physically active should consult a physician first. a. True *b. False 12. Injury Prevention Stretching is a useful way to prevent exercise-related musculoskeletal injuries. a. True *b. False

13. Exercise and Sudden Cardiac Death Moderate-intensity physical activity is more likely to produce an exercise-related cardiac event than is vigorousintensity physical activity. a. True *b. False 14. Exertion-Related Adverse Events Physical activity does not increase the risk of adverse events. a. True *b. False 15. Injury Risk Factors Women are at higher risk for exercise-related sudden cardiac death than men. a. True *b. False 16. Sudden Cardiac Death What is physical activity-related sudden cardiac death?

Correct Answer: a cardiac event directly related to some form of physical exertion 17. Musculoskeletal Injury What is an exercise-related musculoskeletal injury?

Correct Answer: Although the definitions can vary, one definition is an injury to a bone, muscle, joint, or connective tissue that results in a change in usual exercise patterns or requires a visit to a health professional.

18. Exercise Physiology and Injury Risk What principle of exercise physiology best helps us understand the risk of exercise-related injury?

Correct Answer: adaptation 19. Exercise and Injury Risk Which type of sport - contact or noncontact - is more associated with exercise-related injuries?

Correct Answer: contact 20. Risk Factors for Exercise-Related Injury Which sex has a higher risk of exercise-related musculoskeletal injuries?

Correct Answer: female

Chapter 11 1. Informational Approaches for Promoting Physical Activity The third section of the textbook focuses on introducing *a. strategies that are evidence based and have been shown to help people increase or maintain their physical activity levels b. the effects of physical activity and exercise on disease processes c. the emergence of the field of physical activity and public health d. risk factors related to physical activity and health e. the adverse effects of participating in physical activity and exercise 2. Understanding the Community Guide Which of these topics is reviewed in the last section of the textbook and is based on information from the Community Guide? a. pillars of public health *b. behavioral and social methods c. kinesiology benefits from participating in physical activity d. psychological benefits of physical activity and exercise e. health-related fitness 3. Evidence-Based Public Health The information in the Community Guide provides support for all but which of these activities related to public health? a. policies b. research *c. administration d. education e. funding 4. Evidence-Based Public Health 2 The Task Force seeks the answers to all but which of these questions about specific physical activity interventions?

a. Does it work? b. For whom does it work? c. What does it cost? *d. Does it provide value? e. How will it work in the future?

5. Rationale for Informational Approaches In general, informational approaches to physical activity promotion may help change behaviors through all but which of these pathways? a. Increase knowledge about the health benefits and risks of physical activity. b. Encourage people to be physically active by extending their knowledge about where and how to be active in their communities. c. Help people identify the personal and environmental reasons they are physically inactive and help them overcome them. d. Let people know when opportunities for physical activity are happening in their communities, at their worksites, or in other settings. *e. Help people identify barriers to designing effective physical activity interventions.

6. Community-Wide Campaigns Taken together, existing studies show that community-wide informational campaigns that increase physical activity do NOT produce which of these outcomes? *a. improved phase II cardiac rehabilitation outcomes b. increased caloric expenditure by an average of 16.3% c. increased multiple types of physical activity d. increased participants' knowledge about exercise and physical activity e. reduced risk factors for cardiovascular disease that are related to physical inactivity 7. Mass Media Campaigns The campaign was the first U.S. national mass media campaign to promote physical activity, and the results were promising in that a large-scale paid media campaign seemed

to change physical activity behaviors in some population groups. a. YRBSS *b. VERB c. SOPARC d. IPAQ e. GPAQ 8. Mass Media Campaigns 2 Which of these is NOT a reason that has been reported about why mass media campaigns don't seem to work for physical activity promotion? a. The campaigns may not have had consistent, comprehensive messaging strategies. b. Target behavior is not consistent. *c. New methods of social marketing are not effective. d. Campaigns may not have been sequenced correctly. e. Campaigns cannot be conducted in isolation.

9. Classroom-Based Health Education Programs Which of these is NOT a characteristic of effective health education curricula as described by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)? a. Curricula are based on research but rooted in theory. b. Curricula have clearly defined health goals, and behaviors are linked to those goals. c. Curricula help students understand their own personal risks for certain health behaviors. *d. Curricula provide students with individual exercise prescriptions. e. Curricula teach skills for dealing with social pressures to engage in bad health behaviors.

10. Classroom-Based Health Education Programs 2 Characteristics of classroom health education programs attempting to increase physical activity include all but which of these? a. Provide knowledge and skills for healthy decision making.

b. Work at the individual level (personal and behavioral). c. Usually include several components (e.g., tobacco use, nutrition, physical activity) and focus on reducing the risk of chronic disease. *d. Include personal trainers and use of exercise equipment. e. Teach behavioral skills but have no added (inclass) physical activity component.

11. Informational Approaches for Promoting Physical Activity 2 The best resource for translating public health research into practice in the United States is The Guide to Community Preventive Services, or the Community Guide. *a. True b. False 12. Evidence-Based Public Health 3 According to the Community Guide, once all of the studies in a particular area are assessed, the Task Force recommendations about specific physical activity programs are categorized into these three broad groupings: recommended, recommended against, and insufficient evidence. *a. True b. False 13. Rationale for Informational Approaches 2 Informational approaches to increasing physical activity cannot be designed to increase leisure, occupation, transportation, or at-home physical activities. a. True *b. False 14. Mass Media Approaches The Task Force recommends mass media strategies for physical activity promotion. a. True

*b. False 15. Classroom-Based Health Education Programs 3 The available scientific evidence does not support the use of classroom health education as a method of increasing physical activity behaviors, and the Community Guide has concluded that there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness of classroom-based health education programs. *a. True b. False 16. College-Based Health Education College-based health education seems to improve knowledge, but not .

Correct Answer(s): a. behavior 17. Evidence-Based Public Health 4 When available studies do not provide sufficient evidence to determine whether the intervention is effective, the Task Force of the Community Guide categorizes these as having .

Correct Answer(s): a. insufficient evidence 18. Community-Wide Campaigns 2 Community-wide informational campaigns often include television, radio, newspaper, and other media to raise program awareness, disseminate physical activity health messages, and reinforce .

Correct Answer(s): a. behavior change 19. Mass Media Campaigns 3 Although the Community Guide does not recommend approaches to physical activity promotion because of insufficient evidence, research evidence has emerged that has led some authors to label the strategy as promising.

Correct Answer(s): a. mass media 20. Classroom-Based Health Education Programs 4 One of the striking observations from the list of common characteristics of classroom-based programs is that very few, if any, of the programs for physical activity promotion focused solely on physical activity.

Correct Answer(s): a. health education

Chapter 12 1. Rationale for School-Based Physical Activity Programs In the United States it has been estimated that 56.6 million children and adolescents attend public and private elementary and secondary schools where they spend approximately 6.5 hours per day for an average of days per year. *a. 180 b. 160 c. 140 d. 130 e. 120 2. Rationale for School-Based Physical Activity Programs 2 National goals such as those from Healthy People 2010 and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) encourage curricular goals in school PE that include having students work at moderate to vigorous intensities for at least % of class time. a. 60 *b. 50 c. 40 d. 30 e. 20 3. Does Physical Activity Make Children Smarter Emerging evidence on brain function outcomes in relationship to participation in physical activity and exercise indicates that there are many positive associations. Chapter of the text contains specific information with regard to brain health and regular participation in physical activity. a. 2 b. 5 *c. 9 d. 13 e. 16 4. Kinesiology and Physical Activity Outcomes for Youth Physiologically, participation in regular physical activity

can help youth increase cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2max) by to %. a. 1; 2 b. 3; 4 c. 5; 6 *d. 8; 10 e. 20; 25 5. Kinesiology and Physical Activity Outcomes for Youth 2 As children move through adolescence to young adulthood, they experience in activities such as running, probably due to growth and development. a. lower neural recruitment b. weight loss c. decreases in bone health d. decreases in proprioception *e. improved economy 6. School-Based Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Assessments was first developed in 1982 by the Cooper Institute and includes youth health-related fitness field tests of aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. *a. Fitnessgram b. President's Youth Fitness Program c. SHAPE America d. NSPAPPH e. Activitygram 7. Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents All but which of these have major influences on the physical activity levels of children and adolescents? a. motor skills *b. reaction time c. sex of individual d. growth e. maturation

8. Public School Physical Education Since the early 1990s, school PE programs in the United States have focused on PE, which emphasizes public health objectives and the health benefits of physical activity. a. sport-related b. military-related *c. health-related d. game-related e. skill-related 9. Public School Physical Education 2 The Community Guide has summarized studies of the effectiveness of school PE increasing physical activity and has reported that increases in the time spent in vigorousor moderate-intensity physical activity in PE can increase an average of %. a. 3 b. 5 c. 7 *d. 10 e. 15 10. Opportunities for School-Related Physical Activity Which of these is NOT an example of other in-school settings besides school PE that provides opportunities for children and adolescents to be physically active? a. before school b. after school c. sports and intramurals d. active transportation *e. screen time 11. Rationale for School-Based Physical Activity Programs 3 Even the very best PE classes can typically offer only 20 to 30 minutes of physical activity time. *a. True b. False

12. Rationale for School-Based Physical Activity Programs 4 Research shows that whether schools are new or old, parents are concerned about safety, injury, and crime, which can cause them to increase the physical activity opportunities for their children relative to their perceptions of the current school environment. a. True *b. False 13. Does Physical Activity Make Children Smarter 2 There is growing evidence that participation in schoolbased physical activities like PE not only does not hurt academic scores but may actually improve them. *a. True b. False 14. Kinesiology and Physical Activity Outcomes for Youth 3 The opportunity for increased bone mass in girls and boys occurs in puberty and premenarche. *a. True b. False 15. School-Based Physical Activity and Physical Fitness Assessment The President's Youth Fitness Program is an activity assessment tool that comes with Fitnessgram software; it enables students to record their physical activity in 30minute increments over a three-day period. a. True *b. False 16. Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents 2 The international and national trends for youth physical activity levels as measured with the Global Index indicate that the average grades for physical activity indicators averaged to .

Correct Answer(s): a. Ds; Cs

17. Public School Physical Education 3 The Whole School, Whole Child, Whole Community (WSCC) Model includes health education, physical education and physical activity, nutrition environment and services, health services, counseling, psychological and social services, social and emotional climate, physical environment, employee wellness, and .

Correct Answer(s): a. community involvement 18. Public School Physical Education 4 The SPARK Program via the case study mentioned in the textbook showed that compared to controls, trained PE specialists or classroom teachers were able to the number of minutes per week of physical activity in elementary school children.

Correct Answer(s): a. double 19. Developmental Considerations for Physical Activity and Youth Once students reach the ages of to , the emphasis on physical activity should shift toward individual and group activities, including school and club sports.

Correct Answer(s): a. 10; 14 20. Developmental Considerations for Physical Activity andYouth 2 The physical activity emphasis for young adults should be on health, fitness, and behaviors that can be adopted and maintained in .

Correct Answer(s): a. adulthood

Chapter 13 1. Behavioral Theories and Theoretical Models of Behavior Which of these is NOT a popular behavior theory and theoretical model that has been used to explain and predict the physical activity behavior of individuals? *a. physical activity model b. theory of reasoned action c. social cognitive theory d. self-determination theory e. transtheoretical model 2. Behavioral Theories and Theoretical Models of Behavior Change The presents a behavioral continuum and addresses the stages of motivational readiness for change. a. health belief model *b. transtheoretical model c. theory of reasoned action d. social cognitive theory e. self-determination theory 3. Common Barriers to Being Physically Active All but which of these are commonly reported barriers to being or remaining physically active? a. lack of time b. social influence *c. lack of family d. lack of willpower e. fear of injury 4. Social Support for Health Behavior Change Social integration provides implicit as a result of the connections made through participation. Examples are clubs, communities, the workplace, community events such as fun runs, and family and friends. a. reinforcement b. perceived susceptibility c. outcome expectancies *d. social support

e. moral reasons 5. Individually Adapted Health Behavior Change Programs Which of these is considered a promising strategy to scale up individually adapted health behavior change programs towards a public health approach? a. the use of mass-media campaigns b. the use of electronic health records c. the use of the Internet d. population interventions *e. the use of smartphone applications to deliver mHealth interventions 6. Individually Adapted Health Behavior Change Programs 2 Which of these is NOT a strategy for effective individually adapted health behavior change? *a. reduced cues b. substitution c. social support d. self-reward e. commitment 7. Socio-ecological model of behavior It is known that level interventions have a high individual effect but a low public health impact, i.e., they reach very few people, among whom increases in physical activity are high. a. individual and environmental b. built environment and policy c. interpersonal and social environment d. policy and interpersonal *e. individual and interpersonal 8. Social Support Interventions in Community Settings Community social support interventions often attempt to increase social capital, which includes the following elements: a. buddy systems

b. contracts with others to complete specified levels of physical activity *c. shared sense of community and trust d. walking groups e. self-coaching 9. Social Support Interventions in Community Settings 2 In the study, which provided a church-based support network, the participants in the social support group demonstrated a 63% increase in the minutes per week spent in physical activity that was of at least moderate intensity. a. Project Grad b. Project Active c. Project SPARK *d. Heart and Soul Physical Activity Program e. Fitnessgram 10. Social Support Interventions in Community Settings 3 Whether it is a faith-based exercise program for one specific place of worship, a neighborhood walking club across several blocks, or a sport league in a parks and recreation department in an entire town or city, the most important first step in developing such programs is always to know the a. evaluation plan b. leadership plan c. financial plan d. local politics *e. social environment and local context 11. Behavioral Theories and Theoretical Models of Behavior Change 2 The precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model is one in which a person is not even thinking of being or becoming physically active. *a. True b. False

12. Behavioral Theories and Theoretical Models of Behavior Change 3 The maintenance stage of the transtheoretical model is one in which a person has been consistently active for at least six months. *a. True b. False 13. Individually Adapted Health Behavior Change Programs 3 To be most successful, individually adapted behavior change programs tailor the type and dose of interventions to the community's needs. a. True *b. False 14. Socio-ecological models of behavior Socio-ecological models of behavior recognize that the most important level for implementing interventions to increase physical activity is the individual. a. True *b. False 15. Social Support Interventions in Community Settings 4 Social support is a broad concept but generally refers to any strategy for developing or strengthening the policy environment to encourage (or overcome barriers to) physical activity. a. True *b. False 16. Behavioral Theories and Theoretical Models of Behavior Change 4 refers to a person's ability to weigh the pros and cons of being physically active and to take action based on that balance.

Correct Answer(s): a. Decisional balance

17. Behavioral Theories and Theoretical Models of Behavior Change 5 in physical activity behavior refers to the confidence or perceived ability that a person might have to be physically active and deal with the external threats and barriers that could result in slowing, stopping, or reverting progress.

Correct Answer(s): a. Self-efficacy 19. Socio-ecological models of behavior 2 What are examples of factors of the social environment that influence one's ability to lead an active lifestyle?

Correct Answer(s): a. neighborhood crime, social capital, social cohesion, area level income.

20. Social Support Interventions in Community Settings 5 Effective comprehensive social support physical activity intervention can be expected to target which levels of the socio-ecological model?

Correct Answer(s): a. interpersonal and social environment

Chapter 14 1. Policy Influences on Health Which of these is NOT an effective example of health and health behavior policy mentioned in the text? *a. high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes to reduce traffic congestion b. tobacco taxation and purchase age restrictions to reduce smoking c. water supply fluoridation to reduce dental caries d. speed limits to reduce motor vehicle fatalities e. breakaway bases in Little League Baseball to reduce musculoskeletal injuries 2. Access Which of these is NOT a simple strategy for increasing geographic access to key destinations associated with physical activity? a. converting an old rail bed to a hike and bike trail b. adding a new park to a neighborhood *c. reducing the cost of fitness center memberships for employees in a company d. unlocking the school playground basketball court so that it can be used on weekends e. opening the local shopping mall so that community members can walk when shops are closed 3. Physical Activity at a Worksite Which of these is NOT a known effective strategy for increasing physical activity at the worksite? a. Provide secure and covered parking for bicycles to encourage bicycling to and from work. b. Install employee shower facilities and changing rooms. *c. Make employees walk as part of their normal lunch break. d. Create a culture of physical activity by encouraging brief exercise breaks throughout the workday. e. Provide on-site fitness facilities or buildings that are conducive to physical activity as well as easy access to walking and running routes.

4. Urban Design Urban design refers to the form, function, and outward appearance of the physical environment in defined entities.

Which of these is NOT an example of urban design? a. neighborhoods b. towns c. cities *d. households e. communities 5. Community-Scale Macro Urban Design Strategies for community and urban design that influence enhancements to the physical and built environment of urban areas of several square miles connecting transportation arteries to increase access to physical activity do NOT include which of these? a. creating landscaping and lighting across an entire zip code b. building a new city-wide connected system of sidewalks and trails c. implementing community-wide bicycle-sharing programs d. designing residential areas so that destinations such as workplaces, schools, and areas for leisure and recreation are within safe walking or bicycling distances *e. converting an empty room at the worksite into a gym 6. Changeability Although these outcomes are not entirely comparable, the general interpretation of the science base is that the physical and built environment can improve levels of physical activity (regardless of how it is measured) an average of more than %. *a. 160 b. 100 c. 75 d. 50 e. 25

7. Street-Scale micro Urban Design Which of these is NOT a strategy for including street-scale urban enhancements for pedestrians to increase physical activity? a. New marked street crossing in a neighborhood street block *b. HOV lanes on freeways c. traffic-calming strategies such as traffic circles, stop lights, signs, and speed bumps d. adding shade elements along a sidewalk e. the repair of eyesores such as broken windows and graffiti to increase safety and aesthetics 8. Cause and Effect All things considered, a % average increase in physical activity might be anticipated with appropriate street-level changes. a. 10 b. 20 *c. 35 d. 50 e. 75 9. Measuring the Built Environment Most of the existing scientific evidence of an environmental role in physical activity behaviors comes from studies relying on of the environment. a. existing data sets b. geographic information systems (GIS) c. audit tools *d. self-report of perceptions e. city codes 10. Physical Activity Policy Which of these is NOT a part of the physical activity policy matrix considerations? a. school b. worksite c. public spaces

d. transportation *e. individuals 11. Policy Influences on Health 2 Environmental and policy approaches to physical activity promotion create or enhance opportunities, support, and cues to help people be more physically active. These approaches are often combined with programmatic activities to enhance their effectiveness. *a. True b. False 12. Access 2 Studies that have examined the issue of increased access have mainly focused on strategies for increasing access to restaurants. a. True *b. False 13. Increasing Access to Built Environment Resources for Physical Ac Building a new trail, cleaning up a park and building a new ball field, or providing more exercise equipment in a fitness center is more than enough to promote increased physical activity. a. True *b. False 14. Urban Design 2 Examples of macro-environmental urban design for physical activity are landscape design in a park and recreation center design and placement within a community. a. True *b. False 15. Changeability 2 Community-scale changes in the built environment require a short-term view for balancing the project expense with

physical activity and health benefits, which may be seen fairly rapidly or in the span of a few months. a. True *b. False 16. Definition The encompasses the built environment as well as the natural environment.

Correct Answer(s): a. physical environment 17. Urban Design 3 refers to the form, function, and outward appearance of the physical environment in defined entities, such as neighborhoods, towns, cities, and communities.

Correct Answer(s): a. Urban design 18. Land Use Policies refers to the management, planning, and development of land in defined jurisdictions. These policies most frequently occur at the local level to advance the wellbeing of the communities that control the land.

Correct Answer(s): a. Land use or zoning 19. Case Study A large, modern mass transit system was created to reduce motor vehicle traffic and air pollution, green space and parks were created, and bicycle paths (ciclorutas) were constructed to connect the parks. The remaking of has been one of the most substantial urban redesign efforts ever undertaken. (Where did this occur?)

Correct Answer(s): a. Bogota 20. Cause and Effect 2 There was an increase in reported recreational walking

(about 45 minutes each week) after the move to the neighborhood of , but there was actually a decrease in reported walking outside the neighborhood (approximately 20 fewer minutes each week). The majority of the increase was in minutes per week of walking inside this neighborhood.

(What is the name of the neighborhood where this took place?)

Correct Answer(s): a. Mueller

Chapter 15 1. Program Evaluation Evaluation of physical activity programs is important for all but which of these reasons? *a. It helps with media coverage of your efforts. b. It helps you know whether your work has had the desired effect. c. It helps the stakeholders know more about your outcomes. d. It helps in planning the next steps in a program. e. It helps by documenting physical activity and other health changes.

2. Program Evaluation 2 The type of evaluation that examines needs, utility, and design features of a physical activity promotion program is called *a. formative evaluation b. process evaluation c. outcome evaluation d. cost-effectiveness analysis e. logic analysis 3. Program Evaluation 3 The type of evaluation that examines physical activity program or policy implementation and operation is called a. formative evaluation *b. process evaluation c. outcome evaluation d. cost-effectiveness analysis e. logic analysis 4. Program Evaluation 4 The type of evaluation that determines whether a program worked as intended in promoting physical activity is called a. formative evaluation b. process evaluation *c. outcome evaluation d. cost-effectiveness analysis

e. logic analysis 5. Program Evaluation 5 The type of evaluation that examines the overall delivery costs of a physical activity promotion program as well as how these costs compare with those of alternative program delivery options is called a. formative evaluation b. process evaluation c. outcome evaluation *d. cost-effectiveness analysis e. logic analysis 6. Program Evaluation 6 In a physical activity promotion program, a good rule is to budget % of the total budget for evaluation work. a. 5 *b. 10 c. 15 d. 20 e. 25 7. Program Evaluation 7 Formative evaluation a. should be done after a program is completed to help plan for the next grant *b. should involve defining and clarifying the need for the program before initiating it c. should include an assessment of fidelity of program implementation d. should be done to assess the program's effectiveness e. should be done without stakeholder input 8. Program Evaluation 8 The CDC Physical Activity Evaluation Framework contains all but which of these steps? a. engage stakeholders b. plan and describe program

*c. prescribe the exercise d. gather data e. communicate findings 9. Program Evaluation 9 Which of these is NOT an example of a question that can be answered in outcome evaluation? *a. Were all exercise classes offered as scheduled? b. Did program participants attend all classes? c. Did program participants exercise at least at a moderate intensity in the exercise classes? d. Did the total physical activity participation of participants increase? e. Did women exercise more than men?

10. Program Evaluation10 The best time to begin program evaluation work is when your program is over. a. True *b. False 11. Program Evaluation10 2 Which of these is NOT an example of a question that can be answered in process evaluation? a. Were all exercise classes offered as scheduled? b. Were the exercise class instructors adequately trained? c. Was the equipment in the exercise class provided according to instructions? *d. How many exercise-related injuries occurred in the program participants? e. Did class attendance remain constant over time?

12. Program Evaluation11 Stakeholders are people and organizations with direct or indirect interests in the project. *a. True b. False

13. Program Evaluation12 Of each of the four types of evaluation, cost-effectiveness evaluation is often the most influential with policy makers and decision makers. *a. True b. False 14. Program Planning and Evaluation Logic models describe and define the relationships among resources, the target population, short-term and long-term effects, and the ultimate desired outcomes. *a. True b. False 15. Program Planning and Evaluation 2 Factors outside of the control of program staff and participants can negatively affect any step of a physical activity promotion program along the logic model. *a. True b. False 16. Program Planning and Evaluation 3 How many evaluation groups are needed to create a doseresponse analysis for outcome evaluation of a physical activity promotion program?

Correct Answer: three or more 17. Program Planning and Evaluation 4 Why are control groups important in physical activity program evaluation designs?

Correct Answer: They allow comparison of changes in physical activity in the group receiving the program with changes in a group that did not receive the program, thus helping determine if the observed changes are actually due to the program or to something else affecting both groups.

18. Program Planning Who are the stakeholders of a physical activity promotion program?

Correct Answer: The people and organizations with direct or indirect interests in the project 19. Program Planning and Evaluation 5 What are the primary information sources of data during formative evaluation?

Correct Answer: Expert opinion, previous work, and the target population of the program 20. Program Planning and Evaluation 6 What is the general purpose of a needs assessment in formative evaluation?

Correct Answer: Gather information from the target population (or one that is similar) so that the physical activity program can be designed to fit their needs.

Chapter 16 1. Partnerships Characteristics of cooperation partnerships could include all but which of these? *a. highly structured deliverables b. informal agreements c. communication channels for periodic updates d. merging of common interests while maintaining separate identities e. occasional briefings to share ideas of common interest 2. Partnerships 2 A partnership that is formal and structured around the compatibility of the mission statements of all the partners is called a. cooperative b. collaborative *c. coordination d. dysfunctional e. catastrophic 3. Partnerships 3 The most organized and structured form of physical activity partnering designed to unite groups or individuals (or both) toward a common cause or mission is called a. cooperative *b. collaborative c. coordination d. dysfunctional e. catastrophic 4. Advocacy Which of these is NOT a characteristic of successful antismoking campaigns? a. A small group of dedicated, persistent, mediasavvy, and politically astute leaders and agitators can have a significant effect on public policy.

b. Broad-based support and well-networked coalitions are needed. *c. Government funding must be in place. d. Interventions known to be effective must be fully implemented. e. The issue of individual versus environmental action must be addressed early, often, and well.

5. Advocacy 2 The first step to effective public health advocacy is *a. establishing the urgency of the problem in a way that decision makers and other advocates can understand in formative evaluation b. developing a logic model c. writing a grant proposal d. establishing an effective community program e. publishing in a scientific journal 6. Advocacy 3 The urgency of physical inactivity as a public health problem is most credibly established with a. effective leadership b. a credible spokesperson c. multiple messaging channels d. a consistent message *e. a solid grounding in the research of a particular problem 7. Advocacy 4 An effective strategy for influencing decision makers who can affect public policy for physical activity is a. publish in scientific journals *b. communicate effectively using brief, clear communication vehicles c. organize a conference d. organize an e-mail campaign e. teach a university class on physical activity and public health

8. Program Evaluation The CDC Physical Activity Evaluation Framework contains all of these steps EXCEPT a. stakeholder engagement b. planning and description of program *c. exercise prescription d. gathering data e. communicating findings 9. Advocacy 5 Creative persuasive communication tactics that keep an issue prominent in the media may be necessary in physical activity advocacy because *a. translating and communicating the urgency to decision makers may not be sufficient b. decision makers rarely act without persuasion c. the CDC recommends this strategy d. credibility is important e. media outreach is effective 10. Partnerships 4 Community physical activity plans should include all of these EXCEPT a. leadership and collaboration b. clearly stated goals c. recommended tools to measure goals d. strategies and resources to reach goals and targets *e. a staffing plan 12. Partnerships 6 Effective partnerships are most frequently helpful when each partner brings unique skills and resources. *a. True b. False 13. Partnerships 7 Once a partnership has been established and is functioning, evaluation is not much of a priority.

a. True *b. False 14. Partnerships 8 Partnerships for physical activity and public health must focus exclusively on long-term goals. a. True *b. False 15. Partnerships 9 Successful partnerships most often are those with a clear organizational structure. *a. True b. False 16. Partnerships 10 What is the first imperative in public health planning as exemplified by the state physical activity plan in Texas?

Correct Answer: leadership 17. Advocacy 6 How is advocacy for health defined?

Correct Answer: a combination of individual and social actions designed to gain political commitment, policy support, social acceptance, and systems support for a particular health goal or program 19. Advocacy 8 In addition to communicating the urgency of the problem of physical inactivity, to help influence decision makers to make physical activity a health priority, one must do what?

Correct Answer: Be ready to offer credible solutions that have been shown to work elsewhere.

20. Partnerships 11 Why are partnerships necessary in the field of physical activity and public health?

Correct Answer: Physical inactivity is a cross-sectoral problem. It is not just a health issue but a problem of transportation, education, recreation, and the business sector.

Partnerships among stakeholders are the most appropriate way to deal with the problem.