/04 - APLICATION OF BUILDING SCIENCE

APPLICATION OF BUILDING SCIENCE

AR343 Building Science 01 Semester July 2020

Prepared by: Lai Zhi Zhen 1001747427 Prepared for: Mr Chan Chiew Chuen

C O N T E N T

Task 1.0 1.1 Sectional Cut of walls & U value 1.2 Propose new existing wall 1.3 Comparison

Task 2.0

X

2.1 Calculation of MRT 2.2 Thermal comfort Y

2.3 Propose a solution

Task 3.0 3.1 Sun Path Diagram 3.2 Draw and Comparison

Task 4.0 4.1 Design of external shading device

4.2 Passive Ventilation 4.3 Conclusion & references

01 02 03

04

GA DWG

LOCATION: NEXT TO UCSI UNIVERSITY, TAMAN CONNAUGHT, CHERAS, KUALA LUMPUR.

W E S T

SOUTH

E L E V A T I O N

ELEVATION

E A S T

NORTH

E L E V A T I O N

ELEVATION

SECTION

X-X

TASK 0 1

1.1

LOCATION OF SELLECTED ENCLOSED SPACE AND WALLS

I. WALL BETWEEN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACE (MAKE LAB – GARDEN)

II. WALL BETWEEN INDOOR AND INDOOR SPACE

(MAKE LAB – WASHROOM)

Ground floor plan

SECTIONAL CUT OF WALL DETAILS WITH SPECIFICATION & DIMENSIONS

SECTIONAL

I. WALL BETWEEN INDOOR AND OUTDOOR SPACE (MAKE LAB – GARDEN)

MAKE LAB

II. WALL BETWEEN INDOOR AND INDOOR SPACE (MAKE LAB – WASHROOM)

GARDEN

U-VALUE

MAKE LAB

WASHROOM

U – VALUE = ___________________ 1

U – VALUE = _______________________ 1

Rso + R1 + R2 + R3 + Rsi

Rso + R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + Rsi

= ________________________ 1 Rso + ( b )1 + ( b ) 2+ ( b ) 3 + Rsi k k k

= _____________________________ 1 Rso + ( b )1 + ( b ) 2+ ( b ) 3+ ( b ) 4+ Rsi k k k k

=

=

1 ______________________________ 0.02 0.055 + ( ) + ( 0.11 ) + ( 0.02 ) + 0.123 0.5 0.84 0.5 = ____________________________ 1

0.055 + ( 0.02) + ( 0.11) + ( 0.02) + ( 0.01 ) + 0.123

0.5

0.5

1.3

0.055 + 0.04 + 0.131 + 0.04 + 0.00769 + 0.123

=

= ______ 1 0.389

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES

0.84

= _____________________________ 1

0.055 + 0.04 + 0.131 + 0.04 + 0.123

U – VALUE = 2.571 W/m2 °C

1 ______________________________

1 ______ 0.3966

U – VALUE = 2.521 W/m2 °C

SURFACE RESISTANCE

BRICKWORK = 0.84 W/m˚C

OUTSIDE = 0.055 m2 ˚C/W

PLASTER = 0.50 W/m˚C

INSIDE = 0.123 m2 ˚C/W

CEMAMIC TILES = 1.3 W/m˚C

R =

b (MATERIAL THICKNESS)_______ k (MATERIAL THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY)

1.2

PROPOSED ADDITION LAYERS OF WALL

MALAYSIA IS A TROPICAL COUNTRY IN WHICH USUALLY HOT AND HUMID THROUGHOUT THE YEAR. IN MY KNOWLEDGE, THE WAY TO KEEP THE SPACE COOL DURING THE HEAT OF SUMMER IN MALAYSIA CLIMATE IS INSULATING OR AIRING. CAVITY WALL IS ONE OF THE GOOD OPTION TO IMPROVE THE EXISTING WALL AS CLEAR CAVITY CONSISTS OF AIR SPACE AND FILLED CAVITY WALL CONSISTS OF INSULATION.

OPTION 01

CLEAR CAVITY WALL

BRICKWALL

THE AIR TRAPPED BETWEEN THE BRICKWALL AND BLOCK BEING POOR CONDUCTOR OF HEAT SUCH AS A BARRIER TO HEAT TRANSFER. IT IS LOWER IN THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY, HENCE THIS HAS A POSITIVE INFLUENCE ON THE SPACE COMFORT.

AIR SPACE BLOCKWORK THERMAL BOARD PLASTER

OPTION 02

FILLED CAVITY WALL

BRICKWALL INSULATION BLOCKWORK PLASTER

THERMAL RESISTANCE OF AIR SPACE: 10-20MM = 0.14 W/m˚C 20-50MM = 0.17 W/m˚C

IN THIS OPTION, THE ADDITION OF INSULATION LAYER IS MINIMIZING THE AMOUNT OF HEAT TRANSFER INTO THE SPACE IN OUR TROPICAL CLIMATE. IT ALSO RESTRICT THE MOISTURE FROM PASSING THROUGH THE WALL WHICH IS VERY SUITABLE TO USE IN OUR HUMID CLIMATE.COMPARE TO OPTION 1, OPTION 2 HAS LOWER THERMAL RESISTANCE WHICH SHOWN BELOW, SO THE FILLED CAVITY WALL WILL BE CHOSEN AS THE FINAL PROPOSED WALL IN THIS PROJECT.

THERMAL RESISTANCE OF FIBREGLASS INSULATION: FIBREGLASS INSULATION = 0.037 W/m˚C

COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EXISTING WALL AND THE PROPOSED WALL PROPOSED WALL

EXISTING WALL

390MM THK. CAVITY WALL WITH 150MM THK. FIBREGLASS INSULATION AND 20MM THK. PLASTERING AT ONE SIDE

SECTIONAL

110MM THK. BRICKWALL WITH 20MM THK PLASTERING ON BOTH SIDE

MAKE LAB

GARDEN MAKE LAB

U-VALUE

GARDEN

U – VALUE = ___________________ 1

U – VALUE = _______________________ 1

Rso + R1 + R2 + R3 + Rsi

Rso + R1 + R2 + R3 + R4 + Rsi

= ________________________ 1 Rso + ( b )1 + ( b ) 2+ ( b ) 3 + Rsi k k k

= _____________________________ 1 Rso + ( b )1 + ( b ) 2+ ( b ) 3+ ( b ) 4+ Rsi k k k k

=

=

1 ______________________________ 0.02 0.055 + ( ) + ( 0.11 ) + ( 0.02 ) + 0.123 0.5 0.84 0.5 = ____________________________ 1

0.055 + ( 0.11) + ( 0.15 ) + ( 0.11) + ( 0.02 ) + 0.123

0.84

= =

= ______ 1 0.389

THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES

0.037

0.65

0.5

1 ____________________________ 0.055 + 0.131 + 4.054 + 0.169 + 0.04 + 0.123

0.055 + 0.04 + 0.131 + 0.04 + 0.123

U – VALUE = 2.571 W/m2 °C

1 _______________________________

1 ______ 4.572

U – VALUE = 0.219 W/m2 °C

SURFACE RESISTANCE

BRICKWORK = 0.84 W/m˚C

OUTSIDE = 0.055 m2 ˚C/W

BLOCK WORK = 0.65 W/m˚C

INSIDE = 0.123 m2 ˚C/W

PLASTER = 0.50 W/m˚C FIBREGLASS INSULATION = 0.037 W/m˚C

R =

b (MATERIAL THICKNESS)_______ k (MATERIAL THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY)

COMPARISON AND EXPLAIN THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE EXISTING WALL AND PROPOSED WALL

1.3

PROPOSED WALL

EXISTING WALL

390MM THK. CAVITY WALL WITH 150MM THK. FIBREGLASS INSULATION AND 20MM THK. PLASTERING AT ONE SIDE

SECTIONAL

110MM THK. BRICKWALL WITH 20MM THK PLASTERING ON BOTH SIDE

MAKE LAB

GARDEN GARDEN

PLASTER

U-VALUE

CHOICE OF MATERIAL

PLASTER

MAKE LAB

BRICKS

AERATED BLOCK

THIN LAYER OF PLASTER LAYER AND HIGH THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES ALLOW THE HEAT TRANSMITTED EASILY. SPECIAL ADDITION MATERIAL : FIBREGLASS BRICKWALL

HIGHER THERMAL CONDUCTIVITIES MAKES THE HEAT TRANSFER EASILY INTO THE SPACE.

FIBREGLASS ACTS AS AN IMPORTANT ROLE. IT MINIMIZES THE HEAT TRANSFER TO THE ROOM AND HELPS TO KEEP THE ROOM COOL.

U – VALUE = 2.571 W/m2 °C

U – VALUE = 0.219 W/m2 °C

DUE TO THE THINKNESS AND HIGHER THERMAL CONDUTIVITIES OF MATERIAL USED, THE U-VALUE IS HIGHER. THEREFORE THE HEAT CAN BE TRANSMITTED IN AND OUT EASILY TO THE SPACE

DUE TO THE ADDITION OF THE INSULATION LAYERING AND THE LOWER THERMAL CONDUCTIVITES OF MATERIAL USED, THE UVALUE IS GETTING LOWER. THEREFORE, IT CAN HELPS TO KEEP THE TEMPERATURE OF THE SPACE AND MAINTAIN THE THERMAL COMFORT DURING THE HOT TIME. IN THIS PROJECT, WE CAN SEE THAT INSULATION IS PLAYING AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO CONTROL THE THERMAL PERFORMANCE OF THE SPACE.

TASK 0 2

2.1

MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE (MRT) AVERAGE TEMPERATURE FOR THE WALL FACING TO THE NORTH IS 36˚C, SOUTH IS 40˚C,

EAST IS 34˚C, AND WEST IS 45˚C.

POINT A MRT A = (36 X 146) + (34 X 110) + (40 X 53) + (45 X 51) _____________________________________ 360

A

= _______________________ 5256 + 3740 + 2120 + 2295 360 = ______ 13411 360 MRT A = 37.25°C

POINT B MRT B = (36 X 102) + (34 X 62) + (40 X 97) + (45 X 100) _____________________________________ 360 = 3672 + 2108 + 3880 + 4500 _______________________ 360

B

= 14160 ______ 360 MRT B = 39.33°C

MRT OF POINT A = 37.25°C MRT OF POINT B = 39.33°C

2.2

COMPARISON OF MRT VALUE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN POINT A & B

POINT B

POINT A

MRT VALUE

A B

MRT = 37.25°C (LOWER)

MRT = 39.33°C (HIGHER)

• THE MRT VALUE OF POINT A IS LOWER COMPARE TO POINT B.

COMPARE TO POINT B.

• THE WALLS FACING NORTH AND EAST

• THE WALLS FACING SOUTH AND WEST

HAVE LOWER AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

HAVE HIGHER AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

WHICH

WHICH

AFFECTS

THE

RATE

OF

AFFECTS

THE

RATE

OF

CONVECTIVE AND EVAPORATIVE BODY

CONVECTIVE AND EVAPORATIVE BODY

HEAT LOSS.

HEAT LOSS. THEREFORE THERE IS MORE

THEREFORE THERE IS

LESS HEAT TRANSFER TO POINT A.

DIFFERENCE

• THE MRT VALUE OF POINT A IS HIGHER

HEAT TRANSFER TO POINT B.

• THE LOCATION OF POINT A HAS LOWER

• THE LOCATION OF POINT A HAS HIGHER

HUMIDITY COMPARE TO POINT B

HUMIDITY

COMPARE

TO

POINT

B.

BECAUSE THERE IS LESS WARM AIR

BECAUSE OF THE TOILET NEXT TO THE

AROUND IT.

SPACE. THEREFORE THE WARMER AIR

• THE WINDOW RIGHT NEXT TO POINT A

HOLD MORE AMOUNT OF WATER VAPOR.

ALLOW GOOD AIR VENTILATION AND

• THERE IS NO OPENINGS NEAR TO POINT

SUFFICIENT AIR MOTION TO FLUSH

B, SO THAT THERE IS INSUFFICIENT AIR

OUT THE BODY HEAT SINCE HEAT CAN

MOTION THAT CAUSED THE STUFFINESS

TRANSFER

AND AIR STRATIFICATION WHICH DO

BY

CONVECTION

EVAPORATION IN AIR MOTION.

AND

NOT ALLOWS TO FLUSH OUT BODY HEAT.

2.3

WAYS OF HEAT TRANSFER AND PROPOSED SOLUTION

WAYS OF HEAT TRANSFER OF THE SELECTED ENCLOSED SPACE

01

CONDUCTION

02

CONVECTION

THE TRANSFER OF HEAT THROUGH SECTION OF WALLS AND CEILINGS (SOLID MATERIAL) TO THE COOLER SPACE.

THE TRANSFER OF HEAT

BY MOVING AIR. WARM AIR

RISES

AND

TRANSFER

HEAT

UPWARD

TO

THE

CEILING AND ROOF.

THE TRANSFER OF HEAT

03 RADIATION

IN

THE

FORM

OF

ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES.

HEAT

TRANSFERRED THE

ROOF

IS FROM

TO

THE

CELING AND FINALLY TO THE SPACE.

PROPOSED SOLUTION OF REDUCING DIRECT HEATING INTO THE SPACE

TASK 0 3

3.1

STEREOGRAPHIC SUN PATH DIAGRAM

SUMMER SOLSTICE AZIMUTH - 8° N ALTITUDE - 71°

SUMMER SOLSTICE

VERNAL EQUINOX

VERNAL EQUINOX AZIMUTH – 138° SE ALTITUDE - 85°

WINTER SOLSTICE

WINTER SOLSTICE AZIMUTH -176° S ALTITUDE - 62°

SHADOW ANGLE PROTRACTOR

SUMMER SOLSTICE HSA - 0° VSA - 0°

VERNAL EQUINOX HSA - 30° VSA -83°

WINTER SOLSTICE HSA - 68° VSA - 75°

Time 1400

IN THIS REPORT, THE SUN PATH DIAGRAM CHOSEN IS AT KUALA LUMPUR, MALAUSIA. THE SELECTION OF TIME IS AT 2PM NOON ON SUMMER SOLSTICE, VERNAL EQUINOX AND WINTER SOLSTICE. THE ORIENTATION OF THE CHOSEN OPENING IS FACING DIRECTLY TO 108° ESE, IT IS MORE TOWARDS EAST. THEREFORE, THE SUNLIGHT ABLE TO PENETRATE IN THE SPACE DURING MORNING TIME.

Azimuth

Altitude

HSA

VSA

Summer Solstice

8° N

71°

0°

0°

Vernal Equinox

138° SE

85°

30°

83°

Winter Solstice

176° S

62°

68°

75°

3.2

COMPARISON OF THE SHADOW CAST

21ST DECEMBER

WINTER

21ST JUNE

SUMMER

EXISTING WINDOW DESIGN

HSA = 0° VSA = 0°

PLAN

ELEVATION

SECTION

HSA = 68° VSA = 75°

PLAN

ELEVATION

SECTION

PROS AND CONS

OF THE EXISTING WINDOW DESIGN FOR SUMMER SOLSTICE AND WINTER SOLSTICE CONS

• ALLOW MORE VISION

• THE

• ALLOW AIR VENTILATION OF THE SPACE

SOLSTICE

WINTER

POSITION

OF

THE

WINDOW AT THIS TIME IS NOT ABLE TO CAPTURE ANY NATURAL LIGHT

SOLSTICE

SUMMER

PROS

• ARTIFICIAL

LIGHTS

ARE

REQUIRED TO THE SPACE

• PROVIDE NATURAL LIGHT PENETRADE

INTO

THE

SPACE • ALLOW MORE VISION • ALLOW AIR VENTILATION OF THE SPACE

• THE DIRECT LIGHT CANNOT BE CONTROLLED AS THERE IS NO ANY SHADING DEVICE • CAUSES OF DESTROY ON THE FURNITURE DUE TO EXPOSION TO THE UV LIGHT • THE ROOM TEMPERATURE INCREASE EASILY

PROPOSED SOLUTION TO IMPROVE THE COMFORT LEVEL OF THE SPACE

TASK 0 4

4.1

DESIGN OF EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICE

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

DESIGN INTENTION

FINAL DESIGN OF SHADING DEVICE

ALLOW LIGHT PENETRADE INTO THE SPACE TO MINIMIZE THE USAGE OF ARTIFICIAL LIGHT OF THE SPACE.

AVOID DIRECT LIGHT PENETRADE ON HUMAN EYE LEVEL.

PROMOTE GOOD AIR VENTILATION & CROSS VENTILATION TO IMPROVE THE THERMAL COMFORT OF THE SPACE. ALLOW CAPTURE OF THROUGH THE OPENING.

VIEW

COMPARISON OF THE SHADOW CAST

21ST DECEMBER

WINTER

21ST SEPTEMBER

EQUINOX

WITH THE EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICE

HSA = 30° VSA = 83°

PLAN

ELEVATION

SECTION

HSA = 68° VSA = 75°

PLAN

ELEVATION

SECTION

4.2

IMPLICATIONS OF FENESTRATION

DESIGN: - 2 OPERABLE WINDOW: LARGE INLET AND SMALL OUTLET TO ACHIEVE CROSS VENTILATION - USE STACK VENTILATION TO CREATE A CHIMNEY EFFECT

CROSS VENTILATION: - THE EXISTING OPENING WITH THE PROPOSED EXTERNAL SHADING DEVICES (LARGE INLET) ALLOW THE AIR FLOW IN TO THE SPACE AND THE ADDITIONAL AWNING OPENING IS PROPOSED AS AN OPPOSITE SIDE OF OPENINGTO ENCOURAGE CROSS VENTILATION. THE AIR VELOCITY AT THE LARGE INLET WILL BE LOWER BUT THE VOLUME OF AIR PASSING IN UNIT TIME WILL BE HIGHER. - THE VERTICAL LOUVER INSTALL AT THE INLET IS ADJUSTABLE TO CHANNEL THE WIND IN AND CONTROL THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND. -

SINCE THE HOT AIR RISES AND COLD AIR SINKS, THE PLACEMENT OF THE OPENING IS TO CARRY THE HOT AIR OUT OF THE SPACE AS LOWER INLET ALLOWS CHILL AIR TO ENTER AND HAVE OPTIMUM FLOW.

4.3

CONCLUSION

IN CONCLUSION, I HAVE LEARNT ABOUT THE IMPORTANTANCE OF THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS WHICH HIGHLY AFFECTS THE THERMAL PERFORMACE OF THE BUILDING THROUGH COMPARISON OF THE CALCULATION OF U-VALUE AND MRT VALUE BETWEEN DIFFERENT MATERIAL USED. IN OUR MALAYSIA TROPICAL COUNTRY, THE USAGE OF BAD CONDUCTOR MATERIAL IS MORE RECOMMENDED TO IMPROVE THE THERMAL COMFORT OF THE BUILDING.

BY GOING THROUGH SUN PATH PROCESS, I HAVE LEARNT THAT EVERY MONTH HAVE THEIR DIFFERENT ANGLE OF SHADOW CAST IN ORDER TO HELP ON DESIGN OF SHADING DEVICE. SHADING DEVICE PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE OF THE BUILDING WHICH DOES NOT ONLT PROVIDE THE SHADE, BUT ALSO THE WAY OF HOW USER INTERACT WITH NATURAL LIGHT, CAPTURE VIEW AND ALLOWING THE WIND ENTER THE SPACE AND EVEN IT IS IMPORTANT TO THE BUILDING FAÇADE TOO. BY GOING THROUGH THE DESIGN EVOLUTION OF SHADING DEVICE, I HAVE LEARNT HOW TO ACHIEVE THE BALANCING BETWEEN AESTHTIC FORM AND FUNCTIONAL SHADING DEVICE IN ORDER TO CONTROL A GOOD THERMAL COMFORT OF THE SPACE. BASED ON MY UNDERSTANDING OF PASSIVE VENTILATION, THE IMPLICATION OF FENESTRATION IS VERY IMPORTANT TO MAINTAIN THE THERMAL COMFORT OF THE SPACE. AS THE WIND VENTILATION CAN MAINTAIN MINIMUM AIR QUALITY, REMOVING HEAT AND OTHER POLLUTANTS AND FACILITATING AIR MOVEMENT TO ENHANCE THERMAL COMFORT. THE ORIENTATION, SIZE AND POSITION OF OPENING ALSO HAS A BEARING ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THIS FORM OF

VENTILATION. WIND VENTILATION IS THE MOST COMMON AND OFTEN LEAST EXPENSIVE FORM OF PASSIVE VENTILATION TO BE USED IN OUR COUNTRY. IN OVERALL, I HAVE PRACTICE AND EVALUATE THE KNOWLEDGE APPLICATION OF PHYSICAL AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE IN BUILDINGS IN MY BUILDING DESIGN FROM THE SUBJECT ARCHITECTURE DESIGN STUDIO 3 (AR315).

REFERENCE EARTHEASY PUBLISHED ON JAN 4, 2020 RETRIEVED FROM https://learn.eartheasy.com/guides/natural-home-cooling/ ENERGUIDE.BE PUBLISHED ON APRIL 16, 2020 RETRIEVED FROM https://www.energuide.be/en/questions-answers/how-can-i-keep-my-home-cool-in-summer/236/ CONNECTUS PUBLISHED ON AUG 28, 2016 RETRIEVED FROM https://connectusfund.org/9-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-cavity-wall-insulation TANISHA AGARWAL PUBLISHED ON MAY 1, 2017 RETRIEVED FROM https://www.slideshare.net/TanishaAgarwal1/cavity-walls-75561973 CLEAR PUBLISHED ON DEC 6, 2015 RETRIEVED FROM https://www.new-learn.info/packages/clear/index.html GUN FAISAL PUBLISHED ON APRIL 23, 2016 RETRIEVED FROM https://www.researchgate.net/figure/External-Shading-Devices_tbl1_303503284 CLEAR PUBLISHED ON MAY 17, 2014 RETRIEVED FROM https://www.newlearn.info/packages/clear/thermal/buildings/passive_system/passive_cooling/natural_ventilation/design.ht ml AMAR PUBLISHED ON AUGUST 4, 2015 RETRIEVED FROM https://indiansustainability.wordpress.com/2015/08/04/importance-of-cross-ventilation/ ROOPA CHIKKAIGI PUBLISHED ON MAR 23, 2017 RETRIEVED FROM https://www.slideshare.net/roopachikkalgi/natural-ventilation-73526859

Program:​

Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Architecture​

Course Code and Name:​

AR 343 Building Science 1​

Semester​

2020-07​

Student's Name and ID:​

Lai Zhi Zhen 1001747427

Lecturer:

Mr. Chan Chiew Chuen

Date of Submission:

November 13, 2020.

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