General Technical Report FPL–GTR–190 Table 5–3a. Strength properties of some commercially important woods grown in the United States (metric)a—con. Static bending
Common species names Pine—con. Pond Ponderosa Red Sand Shortleaf Slash Spruce Sugar Virginia Western white Redwood Old-growth Young-growth Spruce Black Engelmann Red Sitka White Tamarack
ComCom- pression Shear Tension Work to pression perpen- parallel perpenmaxiImpact parallel icular dicular mum to bending to grain to grain grain to grain load (kPa) (kPa) (kJ m–3) (mm) (kPa) (kPa)
Side hardness (N)
Moisture Specific content gravityb
Modulus of rupture (kPa)
Modulus of elasticityc (MPa)
Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12%
0.51 0.56 0.38 0.40 0.41 0.46 0.46 0.48 0.47 0.51 0.54 0.59 0.41 0.44 0.34 0.36 0.45 0.48 0.36 0.35
51,000 80,000 35,000 65,000 40,000 76,000 52,000 80,000 51,000 90,000 60,000 112,000 41,000 72,000 34,000 57,000 50,000 90,000 32,000 67,000
8,800 12,100 6,900 8,900 8,800 11,200 7,000 9,700 9,600 12,100 10,500 13,700 6,900 8,500 7,100 8,200 8,400 10,500 8,200 10,100
52 59 36 49 42 68 66 66 57 76 66 91 — — 37 38 75 94 34 61
— — 530 480 660 660 — — 760 840 — — — — 430 460 860 810 480 580
25,200 52,000 16,900 36,700 18,800 41,900 23,700 47,700 24,300 50,100 26,300 56,100 19,600 39,000 17,000 30,800 23,600 46,300 16,800 34,700
3,000 6,300 1,900 4,000 1,800 4,100 3,100 5,800 2,400 5,700 3,700 7,000 1,900 5,000 1,400 3,400 2,700 6,300 1,300 3,200
6,500 9,500 4,800 7,800 4,800 8,400 7,900 — 6,300 9,600 6,600 11,600 6,200 10,300 5,000 7,800 6,100 9,300 4,700 7,200
— — 2,100 2,900 2,100 3,200 — — 2,200 3,200 — — — — 1,900 2,400 2,800 2,600 1,800 —
— — 1,400 2,000 1,500 2,500 — — 2,000 3,100 — — 2,000 2,900 1,200 1,700 2,400 3,300 1,200 1,900
Green 12% Green 12%
0.38 0.40 0.34 0.35
52,000 69,000 41,000 54,000
8,100 9,200 6,600 7,600
51 48 39 36
530 480 410 380
29,000 42,400 21,400 36,000
2,900 4,800 1,900 3,600
5,500 6,500 6,100 7,600
1,800 1,700 2,100 1,700
1,800 2,100 1,600 1,900
Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12% Green 12%
0.38 0.42 0.33 0.35 0.37 0.40 0.37 0.40 0.33 0.36 0.49 0.53
42,000 74,000 32,000 64,000 41,000 74,000 39,000 70,000 34,000 65,000 50,000 80,000
9,500 11,100 7,100 8,900 9,200 11,400 8,500 10,800 7,900 9,600 8,500 11,300
51 72 35 44 48 58 43 65 41 53 50 49
610 580 410 460 460 640 610 640 560 510 710 580
19,600 41,100 15,000 30,900 18,800 38,200 18,400 38,700 16,200 35,700 24,000 49,400
1,700 3,800 1,400 2,800 1,800 3,800 1,900 4,000 1,400 3,000 2,700 5,500
5,100 8,500 4,400 8,300 5,200 8,900 5,200 7,900 4,400 6,700 5,900 8,800
700 — 1,700 2,400 1,500 2,400 1,700 2,600 1,500 2,500 1,800 2,800
1,500 2,400 1,150 1,750 1,600 2,200 1,600 2,300 1,200 1,800 1,700 2,600
a Results of tests on clear specimens in the green and air-dried conditions, converted to metric units directly from Table 5–3b. Definition of properties: impact bending is height of drop that causes complete failure, using 0.71-kg (50-lb) hammer; compression parallel to grain is also called maximum crushing strength; compression perpendicular to grain is fiber stress at proportional limit; shear is maximum shearing strength; tension is maximum tensile strength; and side hardness is hardness measured when load is perpendicular to grain. b Specific gravity is based on weight when ovendry and volume when green or at 12% moisture content. c Modulus of elasticity measured from a simply supported, center-loaded beam, on a span depth ratio of 14/1. To correct for shear deflection, the modulus can be increased by 10%. d Values for side hardness of the true hickories are from Bendtsen and Ethington (1975). e Coast Douglas-fir is defined as Douglas-fir growing in Oregon and Washington State west of the Cascade Mountains summit. Interior West includes California and all counties in Oregon and Washington east of, but adjacent to, the Cascade summit; Interior North, the remainder of Oregon and Washington plus Idaho, Montana, and Wyoming; and Interior South, Utah, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.
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