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Lecture Notes on Data Engineering and Communications Technologies 15
S. Smys Robert Bestak
Joy Iong-Zong Chen
Ivan Kotuliak Editors
International Conference on Computer Networks and Communication Technologies ICCNCT 2018
Volume15
Serieseditor
FatosXhafa,TechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona,Spain
e-mail:fatos@cs.upc.edu
Theaimofthebookseriesistopresentcuttingedgeengineeringapproachestodata technologiesandcommunications.Itwillpublishlatestadvancesontheengineering taskofbuildinganddeployingdistributed,scalableandreliabledatainfrastructuresand communicationsystems.
Theserieswillhaveaprominentappliedfocusondatatechnologiesand communicationswithaimtopromotethebridgingfromfundamentalresearchon datascienceandnetworkingtodataengineeringandcommunicationsthatleadto industryproducts,businessknowledgeandstandardisation.
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/15362
S.Smys • RobertBestak
JoyIong-ZongChen • IvanKotuliak
Editors
ICCNCT2018
Editors
S.Smys
DepartmentofCSE
RVSTechnicalCampus Coimbatore,TamilNadu,India
RobertBestak
DepartmentofTelecommunication
Engineering
CzechTechnicalUniversityinPrague Czechia,CzechRepublic
Dr.JoyIong-ZongChen DepartmentofElectricalEngineering DayehUniversity Taiwan,Taiwan
IvanKotuliak FacultyofInformatics andInformationTechnology SlovakUniversityofTechnology inBratislava Bratislava,Slovakia
ISSN2367-4512ISSN2367-4520(electronic)
LectureNotesonDataEngineeringandCommunicationsTechnologies ISBN978-981-10-8680-9ISBN978-981-10-8681-6(eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8681-6
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018948583
© SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019
Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpart ofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations, recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilar methodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped.
Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfrom therelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse.
Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis bookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernorthe authorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinor foranyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardto jurisdictionalclaimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations.
ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. Theregisteredcompanyaddressis:152BeachRoad,#21-01/04GatewayEast,Singapore189721, Singapore
Preface InternationalConferenceonComputerNetworksandInventiveCommunication Technologies(ICCNCT2018)providedaforumforacademicscientists,leading engineers,industryresearchers,andscholarstudentstoexchangeandsharetheir experiencesandresearchresults.ICCNCT2018aimstocovertherecent advancementsandtrendsintheareaofcomputernetworksandadvancedcommunicationtechnologiestofacilitateknowledgesharingandnetworkinginteractionsonemergingtrendsandnewchallenges.
ICCNCT2018tendstocollectthelatestresearchresultsandapplicationson computernetworksandcommunicationtechnologies.Itincludesaselectionof96 papersfrom548paperssubmittedtotheconferencefromuniversitiesandindustries allovertheworld.Alloftheacceptedpapersweresubjectedtostrict peer-reviewingby2–4expertreferees.Thepapershavebeenselectedforthis volumebecauseofqualityandrelevancetotheconference.
Wewouldliketoexpressoursincereappreciationtoallauthorsfortheircontributionstothisbook.Wewouldliketoextendourthankstoalltherefereesfor theirconstructivecommentsonallpapers;especially,wewouldliketothankthe organizingcommitteefortheirhardwork.Finally,wewouldliketothankthe SpringerPublicationsforproducingthisvolume.
Coimbatore,IndiaDr.S.Smys Czechia,CzechRepublicDr.RobertBestak Taiwan,TaiwanDr.JoyIong-ZongChen Bratislava,SlovakiaDr.IvanKotuliak
Acknowledgements WethankalltheparticipantsofICCNCT2018andtherespectedsessionchairsfor theirusefulsuggestions.
Wealsothankalltheconferencecommitteemembersfortheirsupport.
ANovelonBiometricParameter ’sFusiononDrowsinessDetection UsingMachineLearning 1
V.B.Hemadri,PadmavatiGundgurti,G.DharaniChowdary andKorlaDeepika
AnIoT-BasedSmartClassroom
ChinjuPaul,AmalGaneshandC.Sunitha
InternetandWebApplications:DigitalRepository ...............
R.NayanaandA.BharathiMalakreddy
MiningFrequentItemsetsUsingProposedTop-DownApproach BasedonLinearPrefixTree(TD-LP-Growth) ...................
M.Sinthuja,N.PuviarasanandP.Aruna
TargetLocalizationAlgorithminaThree-DimensionalWireless SensorNetworks 33
SangeetaKumariandGovindP.Gupta
GreenEnergyEfficiencyinCellularCommunicationonLTE-A-Based Systems
V.Manickamuthu,B.V.NamruthaSridharandI.Chandra SpamDetectionUsingMachineLearninginR
K.R.VidyaKumariandC.R.Kavitha
QOS-BasedTechniqueforDynamicResourceAllocationinCloud Services
JeevanJalaandKolasaniRamchandH.Rao PerformanceAnalysisofEnergy-EfficientMANETs-UsingModi fied AODV(M-AODV)
H.K.SampadaandK.R.Shobha
AMethodologyforMemeViralityPrediction
E.S.Smitha,S.SendhilkumarandG.S.Mahalakshmi
LocalizationofNodeswithOceanCurrentMobilityModel inUnderwaterAcousticSensorNetworks
C.Kayalvizhi,R.BhairaviandGnanouFlorenceSudha
AirQualityPredictionData-ModelFormulationforUrbanAreas ....
KavitaAhujaandN.N.Jani
SecureDataDeduplicationSystemwithTagConsistencyinCloud DataStorage ............................................
PramodGorakhPatil,AdityaRajeshDixit,AmanSharma, PrashantRajendraMahaleandMayurPundlikJadhav
99
High-ResolutionWeatherPredictionUsingModi fiedNeuralNetwork ApproachOvertheDistrictsofKarnatakaState 125 L.NaveenandH.S.Mohan
6LowPan PerformanceAnalysisonLowPowerNetworks
Nikshepa,VasudevaPaiandUdayaKumarK.Shenoy
IMU-BasedIndoorNavigationSystemforGPS-RestrictedAreas ....
R.M.Bommi,V.Monika,R.Narmadha,K.BhuvaneswariandL.Aswini
AnIntelligentApproachtoDemandForecasting ................. 167 NimaiChandDasAdhikari,NishanthDomakonda,ChinmayaChandan, GauravGupta,RajatGarg,S.Teja,LalitDasandAshutoshMisra
S.BalachandarandR.Chinnaiyan
CentralizedReliabilityandSecurityManagementofDatainInternet ofThings(IoT)withRuleBuilder 193
S.BalachandarandR.Chinnaiyan
UserLocation-BasedAdaptiveResourceAllocationforICIMitigation inMIMO-OFDMA 203
SuneetaV.Budihal,BeenaKumariandV.S.Saroja
AnApproachtoURLFilteringinSDN ........................ 217 K.ArchanaJanani,V.Vetriselvi,RanjaniParthasarathi andG.SubrahmanyaVRKRao
MitigationofDoSinSDNUsingPathRandomization .............
N.A.Bharathi,V.VetriselviandRanjaniParthasarathi
SmartHomesUsingAlexaandPowerLineCommunication inIoT ..................................................
RadhikaDotihal,AyushSopori,AnmolMuku,NeerajDeochakeand D.T.Varpe
AcquisitionandMiningofAgriculturalDataUsingUbiquitous SensorswithInternetofThings
M.R.SumaandP.Madhumathy
ReliableAI-BasedSmartSensorsforManagingIrrigationResources inAgriculture AReview ..................................
R.DivyaandR.Chinnaiyan
DynamicDataAuditingUsingMongoDBinCloudPlatform ........
P.Akilandeswari,SiddharthD.Bettala,P.Alankritha,H.Srimathi andD.KrithikSudhan
SecuritizationofSmartHomeNetworkUsingDynamic Authentication
ShruthiSreedharanandN.Rakesh
DesignandPerformanceEvaluationofanEfficientMultipleAccess ProtocolforVirtualCellularNetworks
B.SreevidyaandM.Rajesh
HealthcareMonitoringSystemBasedonIoTUsing AMQPProtocol
C.S.KrishnaandT.Sasikala
PerformanceAnalysisofanEfficientData-CentricMisbehavior DetectionTechniqueforVehicularNetworks ....................
S.RakhiandK.R.Shobha
MaximalFrequentItemsetMiningUsingBreadth-FirstSearch withEfficientPruning .....................................
K.Sumathi,S.KannanandK.Nagarajan
M.S.BinsyandNaliniSampath
SmartHealthCareSystemUsingIoTwithE-Commerce
AswinBaskaran,A.Sriram,SaieeshaBonthalaandJahnaviVenkatVatti
ComparativeAnalysisofTCPVariantsforVideoTransmission OverMulti-hopMobileAdHocNetworks ......................
SharadaU.Shenoy,SharmilaKumariM.andUdayaKumarK.Shenoy
ScrutinizingofCloudServicesQualitybyExertingUltimatum ResponseMethod,MiscegenationCryptography,Proximate ApproachandPFCMClustering .............................
N.V.SatyaNareshKalluri,TanimkiSujithKumar,KoradaRajaniKumari andDivyaVaniYarlagadda
AStudyonMobileIPv6HandoverinCognitiveRadioNetworks 399 H.Anandakumar,K.UmamaheswariandR.Arulmurugan
ReviewofExistingResearchContributionTowardDimensional ReductionMethodsinHigh-DimensionalData 409 P.R.AmbikaandA.BharathiMalakreddy
IoT-BasedPatientRemoteHealthMonitoring inAmbulanceServices ..................................... 421
C.M.Lolita,R.Roopalakshmi,SharanLionalPais,S.Ashmitha, MashithaBanuandAkhila
DesignofCR-OFDMin900MHzBand ........................
S.B.MuleandG.C.Manna
NewRoutingProtocolinAdHocNetworks 443 BilalSaoudandAbdelouahabMoussaoui
MobileCommunicationBasedSecurityforATMPINEntry 453 G.NandhiniandS.Jayanthy
DesignofDirectDigitalFrequencySynthesizerwiththeTechnique ofSegmentinginQuarterWaveSymmetry .....................
S.Karpagavalli,K.Hariharan,G.DheivanaiandM.Gurupriya
LinkLayerTrafficConnectivityProtocolApplicationandMechanism inOpticalLayerSurvivabilityApproach .......................
K.V.S.S.S.S.SairamandChandraSingh
DORBRI:AnArchitecturefortheDoDSecurityBreachesThrough QuantumIoT
BeatriceA.DorothyandBrittoS.RameshKumar
AnInnovativeWayofIncreasingtheEffi ciencyofIdentity-Based CryptosystembyParallelizationofThreads 497
SandeepKumarPandey,TapobrataDhar,RyanSaptarshiRay, AritroSenguptaandUtpalKumarRay
SEER AnIntelligentDoubleTierFuzzyFramework fortheSelectionofClusterHeadsBasedonSpiritualEnergies ofSensorNodes .......................................... 515
MaddaliM.V.M.KumarandAparnaChaparala
DesignofSlottedPentagonalStructurePatchAntennaforRFEnergy HarvestinginMobileCommunicationBand ..................... 527
S.VenkataSuriyanandK.J.JegadishKumar
DesignofFractal-BasedDual-ModeMicrostripBandpassFilter forWirelessCommunicationSystems .......................... 537
G.AbiramiandS.Karthie
ASixthSenseDoorusingInternetofThings 545
JohnBritto,ViplavChaudhari,DeepMehta,AkshayKale andJyotiRamteke
SecuredIoTBasedone-BulletinBoardforaSmartCampus 557 V.Anuradha,A.BharathiMalakreddyandH.N.Harinath
AnAugmentedLineSegment-BasedAlgorithmwithDelayedOverlap ConsiderationandReconfigurableLogicforRSMTProblem .......
V.VaniandG.R.Prasad
KaranamNiranjanKumar,C.H.RamaNarasimhaDattu,S.Vishnu andS.R.JinoRamson
EnhancedPossibilisticC-MeansClusteringonBigDataWhile EnsuringSecurity
ShriyaR.Paladhi,R.MohanKumar,A.G.DeepshikaReddy, C.Y.VinayakandT.P.Pusphavathi
IoT-BasedSmartLoginUsingBiometrics
C.G.Sarika,A.BharathiMalakreddyandH.N.Harinath BigGenomeDataClassi ficationwithRandomForestsUsing VariantSpark ............................................ 599
A.ShobanaDeviandG.Maragatham
IoT-BasedFrameworkforAutomobileTheftDetectionandDriver Identi fication ............................................ 615
P.ChandraShreyas,R.Roopalakshmi,KaveriB.Kari,R.Pavan,P.Kirthy andP.N.Spoorthi
IoT-BasedSmartFoodStorageMonitoringandSafetySystem 623 SaleemUllaShariff,M.G.GurubasavannaandC.R.Byrareddy ImplementationofHaarCascadeClassi fierforVehicleSecurity SystemBasedonFaceAuthenticationUsingWirelessNetworks 639
P.B.Pankajavalli,V.VigneshandG.S.Karthick
PerformanceComparisonofAsynchronousNoC RouterArchitectures ...................................... 649
RoseGeorgeKuntharaandRekhaK.James
SmartOmnichannelArchitectureforAirTravelApplications UsingBigDataTechniques ................................. 661
HariBhaskarSankaranarayananandJayprakashLalchandani
AnArchitecturetoEnableSecureFirmwareUpdatesona Distributed-TrustIoTNetworkUsingBlockchain ................ 671 GeorgeGabrielRichardRoyandS.BrittoRameshKumar
ASurveyofMTCTrafficModelsinCellularNetwork
T.N.SunitaandA.BharathiMalakreddy
AnIntegratedApproachforQualityofService(QoS)withSecurity inVANETs 695
C.KalyanaChakravarthyandY.VinodKumar
Real-TimeNetworkDataCapturingUsingAttackGenerators andDataProcessingMethod ................................
KarunaS.Bhosale,MariaNenovaandGeorgeIlliev
IoTFogCloudModelforDigitalReachinRuralIndia ............
SaniyaZahoorandRoohieNaazMir
ImprovedVerticalHandoffDecisionSchemeinHeterogeneous WirelessNetworkBasedonSCS 727
M.Naresh,D.VenkatReddyandK.RamalingaReddy
TheFutureofCybersecurity:MajorRoleofArti ficialIntelligence, MachineLearning,andDeepLearninginCyberspace 739
B.Geluvaraj,P.M.SatwikandT.A.AshokKumar
ExplorationofVariousCloudSegmentsTransference andConvenienceforCloudComputing ........................
SrihariBodapatiandA.Akila
SmartBloodBankSystemUsingIOT ......................... 755
VahiniSiruvoru,NampallyVijayKumarandYellankiBanduri SanthoshKumar
ImplementationofOpenShortestPathFirstVersion3(OSPFv3) withEncryptionandAuthenticationinIPv6Network
RahulSharmaandNishiYadav
Re-LEACH:AnEnergy-EfficientSecureRoutingProtocolfor WirelessSensorNetworks 777 SonaliPandeyandRakeshKumar PsiSlottedFractalAntennaforLTEUtilities
KirandeepKaur,ChahatJainandNarwantSinghGrewal
AnEnhancedRound-Robin-BasedJobSchedulingAlgorithm inGridComputing
TurendarSahu,SandeepKumarVerma,MohitShakyaandRakshaPandey WirelessSensorNetworktoMonitorRiverWaterImpurity ........
ShwetaDoshiandSharadDube
APriority-BasedMax-MinSchedulingAlgorithmforCloud EnvironmentUsingFuzzyApproach 819
A.SandanaKaruppan,S.A.MeenaKumariandS.Sruthi
LeastValueCloudCarrierAcrossaHandfulofCloudVendors 829
U.M.Prakash,DharunSrivathsavandNaveenKumar
AHybridApproachtoMitigateFalsePositiveAlarmsinIntrusion DetectionSystem 837
SachinandC.RamaKrishna
ReliabilityEvaluationofWirelessSensorNetworksUsingEERN Algorithm ............................................... 849
M.S.NidhyaandR.Chinnaiyan
SecureDataConcealingUsingDiamondEncodingMethod .........
A.ChristieAiswaryaandA.Sriram
EnrichmentofSecurityUsingHybridAlgorithm 867 DeekshaEkka,ManishaKumariandNishiYadav
ComparativeStudyofTransmitter-SideSpectrumDetection inCognitiveRadioNetwork 875
G.ShineLet,SongaChristeen,P.LidiyaPriya,B.KeerthiReddy andP.Swetha
EnablingDataStorageonFog AnAttemptTowardsIoT ......... 885
A.PadmashreeandN.Prasath
BlockLinkFloodingAlgorithmforTCPSYNFloodingAttack ...... 895
C.M.NalayiniandJeevaaKatiravan
Fuzzifi cationofContextParametersforNetworkSelectionin HeterogeneousWirelessEnvironment
907 ShilpaLitakeandMukherjiPrachi
WalkingandTransitionIrregularityDetectionUsingANNApproach forWirelessBodyAreaNetwork 923
S.P.ShivaPrakashandApurwaAgrawal
ImplementingMIMO-OFDMfortheImprovementoftheSystem PerformanceinWPAN 935
N.Rakesh,T.AnjaliandB.UmaMaheswari
AReliableNetworkSystemforRailwayTrackCrackDetection ..... 947 PragatiJadhav,ShivaniKondlekar,DivyataKotian,NavyaKotian andPreetiHemnani
ResearchonaNovelB-HMMModelforDataMininginClassifi cation ofLargeDimensionalData .................................. 953
C.KrubakaranandK.Venkatachalapathy
SecurityFrameworkforContextAwareMobileWebServices ...... 963
P.JosephCharlesandS.BrittoRameshKumar
OptimalSUAllocationtoMulti-PULCCCRNetworksConsisting ofMultipleSUsUsingCooperativeResourceSharingandCapacity Theory 973
KaustuvBasak,AkhilGangadharanandWasimArif
DevelopmentofAdvancedDriverAssistanceSystemUsingIntelligent Surveillance ............................................. 991
G.SasikalaandV.RameshKumar
DesignandImplementationofHammingEncoderandDecoder OverFPGA ............................................. 1005
A.H.M.ShahariarParvez,Md.MizanurRahman,PrajoyPodder, MohammadHossainandMuhammadAshiqulIslam
DenialofService(DoS)DetectioninWirelessSensorNetworks ApplyingGeometricallyVaryingClusters 1023
S.S.NagamuthuKrishnan
PerformanceAnalysisofFragmentationandReplicatingDataOver Multi-cloudswithSecurity 1031
R.Sugumar,A.RajeshandR.Manivannan
EfficientEnergyRe-organizedClusteringBasedRoutingfor SplittingandMergingPacketsinWirelessSensorNetwork ......... 1041
V.NagaGopiRajuandKolasaniRamchandH.Rao
Classi ficationofSeamlessHandoffProcessinWifi NetworkBased onRadios ............................................... 1055
AbhishekMajumderandSamirNath AuthorIndex ................................................
AbouttheEditors Dr.S.Smys receivedhisbachelorofengineeringdegreeinelectronicsandcommunicationengineeringfromPeriyarUniversity,India,in2002andhismasterof engineeringdegreeindigitalcommunicationandnetworkingfromAnna University,India,in2004.HereceivedhisPh.D.degreeonvirtualstructureconstructionsinwirelessnetworksfromKarunyaUniversity,Coimbatore,India,in 2012.Hehas13yearsofteachingexperienceand8yearsofresearchexperience. Hehaswrittenmorethan50publicationsandorganized14internationalconferences.HeisAssociateEditoroftheJournalofComputersandElectrical Engineering(publishedbyElsevier).
Prof.RobertBestak obtainedhisPh.D.degreeincomputersciencefromENST Paris,France,in2003andM.Sc.degreeintelecommunicationsfromCzech TechnicalUniversity(CTU)inPraguein1999.Since2004,hehasbeenAssistant ProfessorintheDepartmentofTelecommunicationEngineering,Facultyof ElectricalEngineering,CTU.HeistheCzechrepresentativeintheIFIPTC6 WorkingGroup.Hehasservedinthesteeringandtechnicalprogramcommitteesof numerousIEEE/IFIPinternationalconferences(networking,WMNC,NGMAST, etc.),andheisamemberoftheeditorialboardofseveralinternationaljournals (ElectronicCommerceResearchJournal,etc.).Hehasparticipatedinseveral national,EU,andthird-partyresearchprojects(FP7-ROCKET,FP7-TROPIC,etc.). Hisresearchinterestsinclude5Gnetworks,spectrummanagement,andbigdatain mobilenetworks.
Prof.JoyIong-ZongChen isaChinesecommunicationsengineerandresearcher andisFull-timeProfessorintheDepartmentofElectricalEngineering,Dayeh University,Taiwan.HeobtainedhisPh.D.degreefromtheNationalDefense University,ChungChengInstituteofTechnology,Taiwan,in2002.Hehaswritten over70researchpublicationsandisamemberoftheInstituteofElectricaland ElectronicsEngineersandtheInstituteofElectronics,Informationand CommunicationsEngineers.Hisachievementsincludethedevelopmentofnew
patentsforcellularcommunicationsystems.Hewastherecipientofthe2006 InternationalAssociationofEngineersBestPaperAward.
Dr.Ing.IvanKotuliak,Ph.D. iscurrentlyassociatedwithSlovenská technická univerzitavBratislave,Bratislava,Slovakia,asVice-DeanforInternational RelationsandtheFacultyofInformaticsandInformationTechnologies.Hehas written57researchpublications.Hehasover17yearsofresearchexperiencein computerengineering.Hisareasofinterestarecomputerengineering,communicationengineering,wirelesscommunications,computernetworks,wirelessadhoc networks,andwirelessLAN.
ANovelonBiometricParameter’s FusiononDrowsinessDetectionUsing MachineLearning V.B.Hemadri,PadmavatiGundgurti,G.DharaniChowdary andKorlaDeepika
Abstract Theoperatordrivingvehicleinnighthasbecomeamajorproblemnowadays.Thelargestnumberofaccidentsintheworldisduetodrowsiness.Toovercome thisproblem,wehavedevelopedamachineforalongerperiodwhichdetectsdrowsinessandalerttheoperator.Earlydetectionoffatiguedstatehasbecomeimportantto developadetectionsystem.Accordingtothepreviouswork,wefoundalotofissues indetectingdrowsinesswhenwearingspectaclesandindarkandlightcondition.In ourresearchpaper,wehaveovercometheseissuestodetectdrowsinessbasedon thefusionofvisualparameterslikefacedetection,eyedetection,andyawninginall conditionsandwearingspectacles.
Keywords
1Introduction
Inrecentdays,increaseinthenumberofaccidentsisbecomingthemajorthreatfor thesociety.Thepersonwithdrowsinessmayleadhislifeandothersliveindanger; mostoftheaccidentsnowadaysareduetodrowsiness.
Machinesaredevelopedforthesafetyofthedriverbasedontherecentcomputer visionandnewtechnologies.Intelligentsystemsinthevehiclewillbetotallyautomaticwiththeuseofintelligentcontrolsystemsinthepresentsystem.Themainaim
V.B.Hemadri
SDMCET,Dharwad580002,Karnataka,India
e-mail:vidya_gouri@yahoo.com
P.Gundgurti G.DharaniChowdary K.Deepika(B) BVRITH,Hyderabad500090,Telagana,India
e-mail:korladeepika@gmail.com
P.Gundgurti
e-mail:padmavati.eg@gmail.com
G.DharaniChowdary
e-mail:dharani1497@gmail.com
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019
S.Smysetal.(eds.), InternationalConferenceonComputerNetworks andCommunicationTechnologies,LectureNotesonDataEngineering andCommunicationsTechnologies15,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8681-6_1
2V.B.Hemadrietal.
istoimprovethedriveroranypersonsafety;thesesystemswillnotonlyautomatethe detectionoftrafficsignalandlanesbutalsoformeasuringtheoperators’behavior. Themajorbehavioroftheoperatoristodetectthedriverdrowsiness.
Recentreportssaythataleadingcauseoffatalorinjury-causingaccidentsisdue topersonwithafatiguelevelwhichisduetotheworkingforalongerperiodand boringenvironmentwhichoftencauseslackofconcentrationinanoperatorandleads toaccidents.Otherthanfatigue,itmightbeduetostateslikehappy,depression,short temper,anddisturbancewhichleadtoaccident.
Indiaisthehighestforroadaccidentsaround800duetodrowsinessaccording torecentreportofTeam-BHP.com.Accordingtothis,drivershouldtakebreakand sleepfor7horneedtostopthevehicle,takebreak,andcontinuethejourney.
2LiteratureSurvey In[1],theauthorsproposedaverygoodsystemwhereitisoflowcostusingsensors. TheparametersusedfordetectingdrowsinessarePERCLOS,eyeclosureduration, blink,faceposition,andfixedeyegaze.Themachineisfullyautomaticanddetected forrealtime.Itworksonlywithoutwearingspectaclesbutfailswearingspectacles.
In[2],theauthorsproposedanalgorithmwhereitfailstodetectbecauseofthe useoflowinfraredwebcamera.Thedriveristhemainoperatorwherethelight illuminationshouldbepropertoextractthefeaturesoftheoperatorandsendtothe databasetomatchtheframesindarkintensityandnoclearframesareformed.
In[3],theauthorsimplementedtheidentificationoffatigueonheadposition andgeometricalfeaturesofmouth.Testwasconductedbasedontheexampleof 50videoframesandexperimentsthatheadmovementcontributesabout8%and yawningcontributesabout49%.Theresultfailstoidentifyforverydarkcondition.
In[4],theauthorsintroducedthedependablesystemforoperator’sdrowsiness detection.Theanalyzeddataisrequiredfromrealtraffic.Theinformationarepreprocessedaccordingtoassumptionsaboutdriver’sbehavior,anditissenttothe frequencystatebymeansoforthogonaltransform.Thedataisrecordedbythebus systemoperator.Featuresareextractedfromtheoperator.
In[5],theauthorpresentstheauthorreviewsofthedifferentprocedurestoresolve driverdrowsiness.Theauthorconcludedthatbytheimplementationofhybriddrowsinessdetectionsystem,itcombinesnon-intrusivephysiologicalmeasureswithother systemtogetaccurateanddetectthedrowsinessofthedriver.TheyalsouseECG andotherphysicalmeasuresforthedetectionoffatigueofdriver.
In[6],theauthorreviewsthedifferentprocedurestoresolvedriverdrowsiness. Theauthorconcludedthatbytheimplementationofhybriddrowsinessdetection system,itcombinesnon-intrusivephysiologicalmeasureswithothersystemtoget accurateanddetectthedrowsinessofthedriver.TheyalsouseECGandotherphysical measuresforthedetectionoffatigueofdriver.
In[7],theauthorpresentsanovelNon-intrusiveIntelligentDriverAssistanceand SafetySystem(Ni-DASS)forassessingwithinmotors.Inthischallengetoreduce
accidentsbyfocusingoncreatingAdvancedDriverAssistanceSystems(ADAS) whichisabletoidentifymotor,operator,andsurroundingconditionstousethe information,itusesanonboardCCDcameratoobservethedriver’sface.Atemplate matchingapproachisusedtoevaluatethedriver’seye-gazepatternwithasetofeyesignframesoftheoperatorlookingatdifferentsidesratherthanconcentratingon driving.Theresultsindicatethattheproposedtechniquecouldbeusefulinsituations whereitfailsinlow-resolutionestimatesofthedriver’sdrowsinesslevel.
In[8],theauthorspresentedabrainsystemwhichuseselectroencephalogram signalsfortheidentificationoffatigue.Thesystemcontrolsthehumanmuscleand movementsofthehumancommunicationwiththeotherperson.Thesystemisused todetecttheactivitiesofthebrain.Theresultiscalculatedbyplacingtheelectrodes onthescalpwhichcontainssmallmetal.Themainintentionistofindthedrowsiness ofthedriverbutfailsbecauseeverytimethedrivercannotplacetheelectrodeson thebody;itirritatesanditcreatesirritationandrashes.
Inreferencetothe[9],theauthorsimplementedanon-disturbingmodelsystemfor actualtimemonitoradriver’sdrowsiness.Theparametersincludeeyelidmovement, gaze,andfaceorientation.Themainapparatusoftheconsideredsystemconsists ofahardwaresystemforactualtimeacquirementofvideoframesoftheoperator andalgorithmsandtheirsoftwareimplementationsforreal-timeeyetracking,eyelid movementparameterscomputation,faceposediscrimination,andgazeevaluation. Itwastestedunderseveralconditionsfortheilluminationofdifferentgendersand ages.Itfailsforgazemovementandpositionofthehead.
Inreferencetothe[10],theauthorssaythatdrowsinessisdetectedwithexperimentallabsetupofeyemovementandyawningofthelowerjawisselectedfortest caseswheretheupperportionofmouthisfixed;itisnotgoingtoaffect.Theresults failtodetectinverydarkconditionandmorelightening.
3ProposedMethod Ourresearchpaperfocusesonthedesignandimprovementofdrowsinessdetection systembasedontheeyedetection,headmovement,andfacedetectiononhuman fatiguesunderdifferentsituations.Theproposedalgorithmtodetectthefatigueis describedbelow: Procedurefatigue_detection
Step1Recordthewebcamonline.
Step2Processthevideoclipintoframebyframe.
Step3DetectfaceusingHaarCascadeclassifier.
Step4DetecteyeusingHaarCascadeclassifier.
Step5DetectmouthusingHaarCascadeclassifier.
Step6Extractthefeaturesofeyeandmouthparameterslikeheadpositionand yawning.
Fig.1 Systemflowdiagram
Step7Supportvectormachineiscalledtofindwhetherdrowsyornot. Endofprocedure
Inthefirststep,thevideosarecapturedfromwebcamonlinecompletelyand thenstoredframebyframe.FaceisdetectedusingViola–Jonesclassifier,thenusing HaarCascadeclassifiereye,mouthislocatedwitharectangledrawnaroundthem. Then,theeyeopeningandclosing,andmouthopeningandclosingarecalculated foreachframeandcounted.Themouthopeningandclosingandheadpositionsare givenasinputformachinelearningtechniquecalledmachineandHarrclassifierto identifytheleveloffatigue.ThedrowsinessdetectionisshowninFig. 1.
Fig.2 Detectedfaces markedwithrectanglebox
Implementation Thefourmajormodulesareinvolvedintheimplementationofthe proposedsystemasfollows:
a.Onlinedatacollection, b.Facedetection, c.Eyedetection,and d.Mouthdetection.
4OnlineDataCollection Themajorstepintheimplementationofdrowsinessdetectionsystemisonlinedata collectionfromthewebcamera.Thecameraisplacedinfrontofthedriverbywhich thevideoisrecordedcontinuously.
5FaceDetection Afterthevideosbeingframed,eachframeissentforthefacedetectionprocess.The standardHaarCascadeclassifieroffile haarcascade_frontalface isusedforfrontal facedetection.Thedetectedfaceregionismarkedwitharectangleboxasshownin Fig. 2.
Fig.3 Detectedeyes markedwithrectanglebox
Fig.4 Detectedmouth markedwithrectanglebox
6EyeDetection Aftersuccessfulonlinedatacollection,thefaceandeyesaredetectedandmatched withstoreddata,andalarmsoundsloud,if50%eyesclose.WeuseHaarCascade classifiertolocatetheregionofeye.Eyeisdetectedandtherectangleboxisdrawn fortheeyeregionofthefaceasshowninFig. 3
7MouthDetection Aftersuccessfullydetectingthefaceandlocatingtheeyeineachframe,theframe isprocessedforlocatingmouthregion.Astheregionofinterest,mouthisdetected asshowninFig. 4.Yawningis100%ifthevoicemessageisgiven.
8ExperimentalResults Almost80videoswerecollectedofdifferentattributeslikewithglasses,different hairstyleconditions,withbeardandwithoutbeard,headchangingpositionsindifferentenvironmentalcircumstances,etc.
9Conclusion Ourresearchpaperdescribeshowtheaccidentsaregoingonduetodrowsinessand whatarethemajorstepstobetakenthroughoutIndia,becauseoursisthelargestin totalnumberofroadaccidents.Wedevelopedasystemusinganalgorithmprojected anddevelopedwhichcancapturetheonlinevideowhichdetectsthefatigue.The parametersoffacedetection,eyedetection,andyawningareusedtocheckthefatigue level.Theprocessisdoneunderdifferentcircumstanceslikehairstyle,wearingglass ornotwearingglasses,withbeardorwithout,etc.Thealgorithmworksfinetillnow andgives95%result.Ifdrowsinessdetected,analarmthatsoundsloudlyisprovided.
Acknowledgements ThisprojectwascarriedoutunderResearchPromotionSchemegrantfromAll IndiaCouncilforTechnicalEducation(AICTE),projectRef.No:8023/RID/RPS-114(Pvt)/201112.AuthorswishtothankAICTE,NewDelhi. Consentofallparticipantswastaken.
References 1.Reddy,B.P.G.,Vudasreenivasarao,Mohan,B.V.,Srinivas,P.C.:Alowcostrealtimeembedded controlsystemdesignusinginfraredsignalprocessingwithapplicationtovehicleaccident prevention.Comput.Inf.Syst.Dev.Inf. 3(4)(2012)
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3.Gundgurti,P.,Patil,B.,Hemadri,V.B.,Kulkarni,U.P.:Experimentalstudyonassessmenton impactofbiometricparametersondrowsinessbasedonyawning&headmovementusing supportvectormachine.IJCSMR 2(5)(2013).ISSN:2278-733X
4.Haupt,D.,Honzik,P.,Raso,P.,Hyncica,O.:Steeringwheelmotionanalysisfordetectionof thedriver’sdrowsiness.Math.ModelsMethodsMod.Sci.ISBN:978-1-61804-055-8
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AnIoT-BasedSmartClassroom ChinjuPaul,AmalGaneshandC.Sunitha
Abstract Rapiddevelopmentofautomationtechnologymakespeoplelifeverysimpleandeasy.Intoday’sworld,allofthemdependonlyonautomaticsystemsover manualsystem.AnIoT-basedsmartclassroomsystemmainlydealswiththeautomationofelectronicappliancesinaclassroombasedontheInternetofThings(IoT) protocolcalledMQTT.Thesystemarchitectureiscomprisedofseveralwireless nodes,amiddleware,anduserinterface.Allthewirelessnodescommunicateover dedicatedorexistingnetworkwiththemiddleware.Thiscommunicationisbased onMessageQueueTelemetryTransport(MQTT)connectivityprotocolwhichis designedforInternetofthings.TheMQTTprotocolusespublish/subscribe-based messagingonthetopofTCP/IPprotocol.Throughtheuserinterfacesection,auser caninteractwithmiddlewareofthesystem.Theinteractionisdonebyrecognizing thecommandoftheuserthroughhisspeech.Mainly,secretcommandsareusedfor theinteractionwiththemiddleware.RaspberryPiisthebackboneofthesystem. Itoperatesasamiddleware,inthesystemarchitecture.Wirelessnodesusedinthis systemarecalledasNodeMCU,andthisNodeMCUisplacedineachclassroom. Aftertheexecutionofuserinterfacesection,thecontrolisforwardedtothemiddlewarewhichisplacedinthestaffroom.Finally,basedontheusersecretcommands, theautomationofappliancesofeachclassroomwillbedonethroughNodeMCU resultinginclassroomautomation.
Keywords Messagequeuetelemetrytransport(MQTT) · Internetofthings(IoT)
C.Paul(B) A.Ganesh C.Sunitha DepartmentofCSE,VidyaAcademyofScienceandTechnology,P.O.Thalakottukara, Thrissur,Kerala,India
e-mail:chinjupaul123@gmail.com
A.Ganesh
e-mail:amal.ganesh@vidyaacademy.ac.in
C.Sunitha
e-mail:sunitha@vidyaacademy.ac.in
©SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.2019
S.Smysetal.(eds.), InternationalConferenceonComputerNetworks andCommunicationTechnologies,LectureNotesonDataEngineering andCommunicationsTechnologies15,https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8681-6_2
1Introduction Automationisamethodofoperatingaprocessusingelectronicdeviceswithaview toreducehumaneffort.Theneedfordevelopinganautomationsysteminanoffice orathomeisincreasingrapidly.Automationmakesnotonlyanefficientsystem butalsoresultsinreducingtheenergywastage.IoTisaplatformtoconnectpeople andthingsatanytime,anyplace,andwithanyone.Automationisthemostrelevant applicationofIoT.Itmonitorstheenergyconsumptionandcontrolstheenvironment inbuildings,schools,offices,andmuseumsusingdifferenttypesofsensorsand actuatorsthatcontrollights,temperature,andhumidity.Intoday’sworld,energy wastageisanimportantissue.Themajorreasonforthisispeopleareforgettingto turnofftheappliances.Especiallyineducationalinstitutions,alsostudentsarebusy withtheirstudiesandnobodyisbotheredabouttheenergywastage.Soinorderto avoidsuchconditionsandreducethehumaninterventions,automationsystemshave agreatrole.Thus,inordertoovercometheenergywastageandsavemoney,asystem isintroducedhere.Thesystemmentionedhereisaportablesystem,andbyusing thisanyonecanbecontrolledfromanywhereintheworldusingIoTprotocol.The generalarchitecturefortheautomationsystemcontainsthefollowingcomponents:
• Userinterface :Itisusedtogiveorderorcontroltheelectricalequipments.
• Modeoftransmission :Eitherwiredorwirelessconnectionisusedtotransmitthe control.TheprotocolswhichareusedfordatatransferandcontrolareEthernet, MQTT,etc.
• Centralcontroller :Itisahardwarecomponentwhichactsasanintermediate betweenuserinterfaceandmodeoftransmission.Sometimes,alltheelectrical equipmentsareconnectedtothiscentralcontrolleralso,e.g.,RaspberryPi,Node MCU,etc.
• Electronicdevices:Alltheelectricalequipmentsarecompatiblewiththestructure.
So,thispapermainlydiscusseshowtoautomateelectricalappliancesinaclassroomusinganarchitecturementionedbelow.Here,weapplyanIoT-basedprotocol calledMessageQueuingTelemetryTransport(MQTT)andtoincorporateaspeech recognitionservicefromAmazon(ALEXA)tocontrolvariouselectricalappliances inclassroomsuchasfan,light,etc.Thisworkiscompleteonitsowninremotely andautomaticallyswitchingonandoffofanyelectricalappliancesinaclassroom. ThesystemaimstoautomateIoTandtocontrolvariouselectricalappliancessuch asfan,light,etc.,throughspeechandsavesenergyandmoney.
2RelatedWorks Inpaper[1],theauthorspointoutanefficientimplementationusingIoTformonitoringandautomationsystem.Itaimsatcontrollingelectricalequipmentsinhome viasmartphoneusingWi-FiasacommunicationprotocolandArduinoUnoasa
centralcontroller.Theuserherewillmovedirectlywithaportablesystemthrougha web-basedinterfaceovertheweb,whereashomeappliancesareremotelycontrolled throughawebsite.Thissystemalsoprovidesafullsmartenvironmentconditionand monitoredbyvarioussensorsforprovidingnecessarydatatoautomaticdetection andresolutionofanyprobleminthedevices.Thepaper[2]consistsofvarietyof sensorsinthesystemarchitecture.UsingWi-Fimodule,theIntelGalileoconnects totheInternetandafterthisconnectionitwillstartreadingtheparametersofsensors.Then,setthethresholdlevelsforeachsensor.Datafromthesensoraresent tothewebserverandstoredinthecloud.Thesedatacanbeanalyzedatanytime fromanywhere.Ifthesensorparametersaregreaterthanthethresholdlevel,then therespectivealarmwillberaisedandtherequiredactionwillbeperformedfor thecontrolofparameters.Thismodelmonitorsthetemperature,gasleakage,and motioninthehouse.Thetemperatureandthemotiondetectionarestoredinacloud. Whenthetemperatureexceedsthethresholdlevel,thecoolerwillautomaticallyturn onandwhenthetemperaturecomestocontrolitwillturnoff.Ifthereisaleakage ofgasinthehouse,thenalarmisraisedgivingthealertsound.Therequiredlights areturnedon/offautomaticallybydetectingthelightoutsidethehouse.Theuser canalsomonitortheelectricappliancesthroughtheInternet.Bysimplytypingthe IPaddressofthewebserver,thelightsoranyelectricalappliancesinthehomeare turnedoffremotely.Inpaper[3],ahomeautomationarchitecturebasedonaremote passwordoperatedappliancesismentioned.ThesystemreadsthedatafromBluetoothmodule,initializestheLCDandUARTprotocol,anddisplaysthestatusofthe electricalloadsonLCD.Thesystemmainlyusestwographicaluserinterfaces.The statusoftheappliancescanbeknownbyusingthisinterface.Anychangesinthe statusoftheapplianceswillgiveanimmediateintimationbyshowingitinGUI.The windowGUIwillactasaservertotransmitanydatatoandfromthesmartphone.If thereisanyfailure,thenconnectioncanbereestablishedusingUSBcable.Theuser canmonitorandcontrolthedevicesfromanyremotelocationatanytimeusingIoT. Inpaper[4],theauthorshaveproposedaprotocolstandardforsmarthomescalled HomeAutomationDeviceProtocol(HADP).Thissystemaimsforthecapacityof homeautomationdevicesacrossdifferentplatforms.TheIFTTT(IFThisThenThat) serviceusedheretodefineasetofdevicecommunicationprotocolsandactionsare combinedtogenerateandmanageinteractionsthroughacentralnode.Thesystem demandslesspowerconsumption,andbandwidthrequirementsaredoneusingthe minimumdatapacketstotriggeranactiononahomeautomationdevice.
3SystemOverview Thesystemarchitecture(Fig. 1)iscomprisedofseveralwirelessnodes,amiddleware, anduserinterface.Allthewirelessnodescommunicateoverdedicatedorexisting networkwiththemiddleware.ThiscommunicationisbasedonMessageQueue TelemetryTransport(MQTT)connectivityprotocolwhichisdesignedforInternet ofthings.TheMQTTprotocolusespublish/subscribe-basedmessagingonthetop
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