Business Process Management: 16th International Conference, BPM 2018, Sydney, NSW, Australia, September 9–14, 2018, Proceedings Mathias Weske
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Mathias Weske
Marco Montali
Ingo Weber
Jan vom Brocke (Eds.)
Business Process Management 16th International Conference, BPM 2018 Sydney, NSW, Australia, September 9–14, 2018
Proceedings
LectureNotesinComputerScience11080 CommencedPublicationin1973
FoundingandFormerSeriesEditors: GerhardGoos,JurisHartmanis,andJanvanLeeuwen
EditorialBoard
DavidHutchison
LancasterUniversity,Lancaster,UK
TakeoKanade
CarnegieMellonUniversity,Pittsburgh,PA,USA
JosefKittler UniversityofSurrey,Guildford,UK
JonM.Kleinberg
CornellUniversity,Ithaca,NY,USA
FriedemannMattern
ETHZurich,Zurich,Switzerland
JohnC.Mitchell
StanfordUniversity,Stanford,CA,USA
MoniNaor
WeizmannInstituteofScience,Rehovot,Israel
C.PanduRangan
IndianInstituteofTechnologyMadras,Chennai,India
BernhardSteffen
TUDortmundUniversity,Dortmund,Germany
DemetriTerzopoulos UniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,CA,USA
DougTygar UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley,CA,USA
GerhardWeikum
MaxPlanckInstituteforInformatics,Saarbrücken,Germany
Moreinformationaboutthisseriesathttp://www.springer.com/series/7409
MathiasWeske • MarcoMontali
IngoWeber • JanvomBrocke(Eds.)
BusinessProcess Management 16thInternationalConference,BPM2018 Sydney,NSW,Australia,September9–14,2018
Proceedings
Editors
MathiasWeske
Hasso-Plattner-Institute UniversityofPotsdam Potsdam Germany
MarcoMontali FreeUniversityofBozenBolzano Bolzano Italy
IngoWeber
Data61
CSIRO
Eveleigh,NSW Australia
JanvomBrocke UniversityofLiechtenstein Vaduz Liechtenstein
ISSN0302-9743ISSN1611-3349(electronic)
LectureNotesinComputerScience
ISBN978-3-319-98647-0ISBN978-3-319-98648-7(eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98648-7
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018950653
LNCSSublibrary:SL3 – InformationSystemsandApplications,incl.Internet/Web,andHCI
© SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018
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Preface The16thInternationalConferenceonBusinessProcessManagementprovidedaforum forresearchersandpractitionersinthebroadanddiverse fi eldofbusinessprocess management.Toaccommodateforthediversityofthe field,thisyeartheBPMconferenceintroducedatrackstructure,withtracksforfoundations,engineering,and management.Thesetrackscovernotonlydifferentphenomenaofinterestandresearch methods,but,consequently,alsoaskfordifferentevaluationcriteria.Eachtrackhada dedicatedtrackchairandadedicatedProgramCommittee.Thetrackchairs,together withaconsolidationchair,wereresponsibleforthescientificprogram.
BPM2018wasorganizedbytheServiceOrientedComputingResearchGroup, SchoolofComputerScienceandEngineering,UniversityofNewSouthWales,in collaborationwithresearchgroupsatMacquarieUniversity,theUniversityofTechnologySydney,andtheServiceScienceSociety.TheconferencewasheldinSydney, Australia,duringSeptember9–14,2018.
Theconferencereceived140fullpapersubmissions,welldistributedoverthetracks. EachpaperwasreviewedbyatleastthreeProgramCommitteemembers,andaSenior ProgramCommitteememberwhotriggeredandmoderatedscientificdiscussionsand reflectedtheseinanadditionalmeta-review.Weaccepted27excellentpapersinthe mainconference(acceptancerate19%),nineineachtrack.14submissionsappearedin theBPMForum,publishedinaseparatevolumeoftheSpringerLNBIPseries.
Implementingthetracksystem,wecanreportthat(i)BPMcontinuedtoattract excellentpapersfromthecoreBPMcommunityand(ii)BPM2018managedtoattract excellentpapersfromthemanagementdiscipline.InthewordsofBPMconference founderandlong-timechairoftheBPMSteeringCommitteeWilvanderAalst: “The tracksystemworks”.Therewerealsolessonslearned,whichweexposeinashort paperthatcanbefoundintheseproceedings.
InthefoundationstrackledbyMarcoMontali,coreBPMtopicsincludingprocess discoveryandperformanceanalysiswererepresented.Therewerealsopaperson conceptualmodelingaspectsincludingdomain-speci ficprocessmodeling,process collaborations,andaspectsrelatedtotimeinbusinessprocesses.Theengineeringtrack wasledbyIngoWeber.Structurallyquitesimilartothefoundationstrack,therewere papersrelatedtophenomenathathavebeendiscussedatBPMinrecentyears,butthere werealsopapersthatopentheconferencetonewtopics,forinstancemachinelearning aspectsinBPM.TheextensioninbreadthoftheBPMconferencecanbefoundmainly inthemanagementtrack,ledbyJanvomBrocke.Itisinterestingtoseethatseveral papersconcentrateonchallengesrelatedtomethodanalysisandmethodselection.The valueoftechnicalsolutionsisanalyzedwithrespecttotheirimpactandusabilityina concretebusinesscontext.Thistrackalsofeaturespapersaboutdigitalinnovationand theroleofbusinessprocessmanagementinthiscontext.
Inhiskeynote,ManfredReichertprovidedanengineeringperspectiveonbusiness processmanagement,byinvestigatingtherelationshipofBPMtechnologyand
Internet-of-Thingsscenarios.BrianPentlandtookamanagementperspectiveonbusinessprocessesbylookingatpatternsofactionsinorganizationsandbyproposinga novelroleofBPMtechniques.SanjivaWeerawaranaintroducedBallerina,amiddlewareplatformthatcanplayanimportantroleinfutureBPMintegrationscenarios.
Organizingascienti ficconferenceisacomplexprocess,involvingmanyrolesand manymoreinteractions.Wethankallourcolleaguesinvolvedfortheirexcellentwork. Theworkshopchairsattracted11innovativeworkshops,theindustrychairsorganized atop-levelindustryprogram,andthedemochairsattractedmanyexcellentdemos.The panelchairscompiledanexcitingpanel,whichopeneddoorstofutureresearchchallenges.Withoutthepublicitychairs,wecouldnothaveattractedsuchanexcellent numberofsubmissions.Youngerresearchersbenefitedfromexcellenttutorials;doctoralstudentsreceivedfeedbackabouttheirworkfromexpertsinthe fieldatthe DoctoralConsortium.Themini-sabbaticalprogramhelpedtobringadditionalcolleaguestoAustralia.TheproceedingschairprofessionallyinteractedwithSpringerand withtheauthorstoprepareexcellentvolumesofLNCSandLNBIP.
Themembersofthetracks’ ProgramCommitteesandoftheSeniorProgram Committeesdeserveparticularacknowledgmentfortheirdedicationandcommitment. Wearegratefulforthehelpandexpertiseofsub-reviewers,whoprovidedvaluable feedbackduringthereviewingprocessandengagedindeepdiscussionsattimes.BPM 2018hadadedicatedprocesstoconsolidatepaperacceptanceacrosstracks.Duringthe veryintensiveweeksofthisphase,manySeniorProgramCommitteemembersevaluatedadditionalpapersandwereengagedinadditionaldiscussions.Specialthanks goestothesecolleagues,whowereinstrumentalduringthisdecisivephaseofthe reviewingprocess.
Finally,wethanktheOrganizingCommitteeandtheLocalArrangementsCommittee,ledbyBoualemBenatallahandJianYang.Thedevelopmentoftheprogram structurewasparticularlychallenging,becausewiththenewtrackstructurethisyear manymorepaperswereacceptedthantraditionallyatBPM.Still,wemanagedtoavoid concurrencybetweenmainconferencepapers,whileprovingapacked,excitingprogram.Throughtheirgeneroussupport,thesponsorsoftheconferencehadagreatshare initssuccess.WethanktheconferencepartnerData61,thePlatinumsponsorSignavio, theGoldsponsorsCelonisandIBMResearch,andtheBronzesponsorsBizagiand Springerfortheirsupport.WealsothanktheUniversityofNewSouthWalesand MacquarieUniversityfortheirenormousandhigh-qualitysupport.
September2018MathiasWeske
Organization BPM2018wasorganizedbytheUniversityofNewSouthWales,incollaborationwith MacquarieUniversity,theUniversityofTechnologySydney,andtheServiceScience Society,andtookplaceinSydney,Australia.
SteeringCommittee
MathiasWeske(Chair)UniversityofPotsdam,Germany
BoualemBenatallahUniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia
JörgDeselUniversityofHagen,Germany
SchahramDustdarViennaUniversityofTechnology,Austria
MarlonDumasUniversityofTartu,Estonia WilvanderAalstRWTHAachenUniversity,Germany
MichaelzurMuehlenStevensInstituteofTechnology,USA
StefanieRinderle-MaUniversityofVienna,Austria
BarbaraWeberTechnicalUniversityofDenmark,Denmark ManfredReichertUlmUniversity,Germany
JanMendlingViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Austria
ExecutiveCommittee
GeneralChairs
BoualemBenatallahUniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia
JianYangMacquarieUniversity,Australia
ProgramChairs
MathiasWeske (ConsolidationChair)
MarcoMontali (ChairTrackI)
IngoWeber (ChairTrackII)
JanvomBrocke (ChairTrackIII)
IndustryChairs
UniversityofPotsdam,Germany
UniversityofBolzano,Italy
Data61|CSIRO,Australia
UniversityofLiechtenstein,Liechtenstein
FabioCasatiUniversityofTrento,Italy
GeroDeckerSignavio,Germany
SuryaNepalData61|CSIRO,Australia
Workshops
FlorianDanielPolitecnicodiMilano,Italy
HamidMotahariIBM,AlmadenResearchCenter,SanJose,USA
MichaelShengMacquarieUniversity,Australia
DemoChairs
RaffaeleConfortiTheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia
MassimilianodeLeoniEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands
BarbaraWeberTechnicalUniversityofDenmark,Denmark
PublicityChairs
CinziaCappielloPolitecnicodiMilano,Italy
DanielaGrigoriUniversité ParisDauphine,France
OktayTüretkenEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands
LijieWenTsinghuaUniversity,China
SponsorshipandCommunityLiaisonChairs
FrançoisCharoyUniversityofLorraine,France
OnurDemirorsIzmirInstituteofTechnology,Turkeyand UNSWSydney,Australia
FethiRabhiUNSWSydney,Australia
DanielSchlagweinUNSWSydney,Australia
PanelChairs
AthmanBouguettayaTheUniversityofSydney,Australia
Mohand-SaïdHacidUniversité ClaudeBernardLyon1,France
ManfredReichertUlmUniversity,Germany
TutorialChairs
MarcelloLaRosaTheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia
StefanieRinderle-MaUniversityofVienna,Austria FaroukToumaniBlaisePascaleUniversity,France
DoctoralConsortiumChairs
YanWangMacquarieUniversity,Australia
JosepCarmonaUniversitatPolitècnicadeCatalunya,Spain
Mini-SabbaticalProgramChairs
ShaziaSadiqTheUniversityofQueensland,Australia
MoeThandarWynnQueenslandUniversityofTechnology,Australia
LocalOrganizationLiaisonandNetworkingChair
GhassanBeydounUniversityofTechnologySydney,Australia
LocalArrangementsCommittee
OliveraMarjanovic (Co-chair) UniversityofTechnologySydney,Australia
LinaYao(Co-chair)UNSWSydney,Australia
KyeongKangUniversityofTechnologySydney,Australia
WeiZhangMacquarieUniversity,Australia
ProceedingsChair
LuisePufahlUniversityofPotsdam,Germany
WebandSocialMediaChair
AminBeheshtiMacquarieUniversity,Australia
TrackI(Foundations)
SeniorProgramCommittee
FlorianDanielPolitecnicodiMilano,Italy
DirkFahlandEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands
GiancarloGuizzardiFreeUniversityofBozen-Bolzano,Italy
ThomasHildebrandtITUniversityofCopenhagen,Denmark MarcelloLaRosaTheUniversityofMelbourne,Australia
JohnMylopoulosUniversityofToronto,Canada
ManfredReichertUlmUniversity,Germany
JianwenSuUniversityofCaliforniaatSantaBarbara,USA HagenVölzerIBMResearch-Zurich,Switzerland
MatthiasWeidlichHumboldt-UniversitätzuBerlin,Germany
ProgramCommittee
AhmedAwadCairoUniversity,Egypt
GiuseppeDeGiacomoSapienzaUniversityofRome,Italy
JörgDeselFernuniversitätinHagen,Germany
ClaudiodiCiccioViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Austria ChiaraDiFrancescomarinoFondazioneBrunoKessler-IRST,Italy
RikEshuisEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands Hans-GeorgFillUniversityofBamberg,Germany GuidoGovernatoriData61|CSIRO,Australia
GianluigiGrecoUniversityofCalabria,Italy
RichardHullIBM,USA
IrinaLomazovaNationalResearchUniversityHigherSchool ofEconomics,RussianFederation
AlessioLomuscioImperialCollegeLondon,UK
FabrizioMariaMaggiUniversityofTartu,Estonia AndreaMarrellaSapienzaUniversityofRome,Italy
HeinrichC.MayrAlpen-Adria-UniversitätKlagenfurt,Austria
OscarPastorUniversitatPolitècnicadeValència,Spain
GeertPoelsGhentUniversity,Belgium
ArtemPolyvyanyyQueenslandUniversityofTechnology,Australia
WolfgangReisigHumboldtUniversitätzuBerlin,Germany
ArikSenderovichUniversityofToronto,Canada
AndreasSoltiViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Austria
ErnestTenienteUniversitatPolitècnicadeCatalunya,Spain
DanieleTheseiderDupré Università delPiemonteOrientale,Italy
VictorVianuUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiego,USA
LijieWenTsinghuaUniversity,China
TrackII(Engineering) SeniorProgramCommittee
JanMendlingViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Austria CesarePautassoUniversityofLugano,Switzerland
HajoA.ReijersVrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam,TheNetherlands StefanieRinderle-MaUniversityofVienna,Austria
PninaSofferUniversityofHaifa,Israel
WilvanderAalstRWTHAachenUniversity,Germany
BoudewijnvanDongenEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands JianminWangTsinghuaUniversity,China
BarbaraWeberTechnicalUniversityofDenmark,Denmark
ProgramCommittee
MarcoAielloUniversityofStuttgart,Germany AminBeheshtiMacquarieUniversity,Australia
AndreaBurattinTechnicalUniversityofDenmark,Denmark CristinaCabanillasViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Austria JosepCarmonaUniversitatPolitècnicadeCatalunya,Spain
FabioCasatiUniversityofTrento,Italy
JanClaesGhentUniversity,Belgium FranciscoCurberaIBM,USA
MassimilianodeLeoniEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands JochenDeWeerdtKatholiekeUniversiteitLeuven,Belgium RemcoDijkmanEindhovenUniversityofTechnology,TheNetherlands MarlonDumasUniversityofTartu,Estonia SchahramDustdarViennaUniversityofTechnology,Austria GregorEngelsUniversityofPaderborn,Germany
JoergEvermannMemorialUniversityofNewfoundland,Canada
WalidGaaloulTélécomSudParis,France AvigdorGalTechnion,Israel
LucianoGarcía-BañuelosUniversityofTartu,Estonia
ChiaraGhidiniFondazioneFondazioneBrunoKessler-IRST,Italy
DanielaGrigoriUniversityofParis-Dauphine,France
DimkaKarastoyanovaUniversityofGroningen,TheNetherlands
ChristopherKlinkm üllerData61|CSIRO,Australia
AgnesKoschmiderKarlsruheInstituteofTechnology,Germany
JochenKuesterBielefeldUniversityofAppliedSciences,Germany
HenrikLeopoldVrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam,TheNetherlands RaimundasMatuleviciusUniversityofTartu,Estonia
MassimoMecellaSapienzaUniversityofRome,Italy
HamidMotahariIBM,USA
JorgeMunoz-GamaPonti ficiaUniversidadCatólicadeChile,Chile
Hye-YoungPaikTheUniversityofNewSouthWales,Australia
LuisePufahlUniversityofPotsdam,Germany
ManuelResinasUniversityofSeville,Spain
ShaziaSadiqTheUniversityofQueensland,Australia
MinseokSongPohangUniversityofScienceandTechnology, SouthKorea
StefanTaiTechnicalUniversityofBerlin,Germany
SamirTataIBM,USA
ArthurTerHofstedeQueenslandUniversityofTechnology,Australia
FaroukToumaniBlaisePascalUniversity,France
MoeWynnQueenslandUniversityofTechnology,Australia
TrackIII(Management)
SeniorProgramCommittee
JoergBeckerEuropeanResearchCenterforInformationSystems, Germany
AlanBrownUniversityofSurrey,UK
MikaelLindUniversityofBorås,Sweden
PeterLoosSaarlandUniversity,Germany
AmyLooyGhentUniversity,Belgium
OliveraMarjanovicUniversityofTechnology,Sydney,Australia
JanReckerUniversityofCologne,Germany
MaximilianRoeglingerUniversityofBayreuth,Germany
MichaelRosemannQueenslandUniversityofTechnology,Australia
SchmiedelTheresaUniversityofLiechtenstein,Liechtenstein
PeterTrkmanUniversityofLjubljana,Slovenia
ProgramCommittee
PeymanBadakhshanUniversityofLiechtenstein,Liechtenstein
AlessioBracciniUniversityofTuscia,Italy
PatrickDelfmannUniversityofKoblenz-Landau,Germany
PeterFettkeGermanResearchCenterforArti ficialIntelligence (DFKI)andSaarlandUniversity,Germany
KathrinFiglViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Austria
ThomasGrisoldViennaUniversityofEconomicsandBusiness,Austria
MartaIndulskaTheUniversityofQueensland,Australia
MiekeJansHasseltUniversity,Belgium
JaninaKettenbohrerUniversityofBamberg,Germany
JohnKrogstieNorwegianUniversityofScienceandTechnology, Norway
XinLiCityUniversityofHongKong,HongKong, SARChina
AlexanderMaedcheKarlsruheInstituteofTechnology,Germany WillemMertensQueenslandUniversityofTechnology,Australia
CharlesMoellerAalborgUniversity,Denmark
OliverMuellerITUniversityofCopenhagen,Denmark
MarkusNuettgensUniversityofHamburg,Germany
FerdinandoPennarolaUniversità L.Bocconi,Italy
FlaviaSantoroUniversidadeFederaldoEstadodoRiodeJaneiro, Brazil
AnnaSidorovaUniversityofNorthTexas,USA
SilviaInêsDallavallede Pádua UniversityofSãoPaulo,Brazil
VijayanSugumaranOaklandUniversity,USA
OliverThomasUniversityofOsnabrück,Germany HarryWangUniversityofDelaware,USA
CharlotteWehkingUniversityofLiechtenstein,Liechtenstein
AxelWinkelmannUniversityofWürzburg,Germany
DongmingXuTheUniversityofQueensland,Australia
WeithooYueCityUniversityofHongKong,HongKong, SARChina
SarahZeltUniversityofLiechtenstein,Liechtenstein
MichaelZurMuehlenStevensInstituteofTechnology,USA
AdditionalReviewers AlessioCecconi
AlexeyA.Mitsyuk
AlinDeutsch
AnnaKalenkova
AntonYeshchenko
ArminStein
AzkarioRizkyPratama
BastianWurm
BenjaminMeis
BenjaminSpottke
BianYiyang
BorisOtto
BrianSetz
CarlCorea
ChiaraGhidini
ChristophDrodt
DaningHu
DavidSanchez-Charles
FabioPatrizi
FabrizioMariaMaggi
FlorianBär
FrancescoLeotta
FrankBlaauw
FriedrichHolotiuk
GiorgioLeonardi
GottfriedVossen
GulTokdemir
HarrisWu
HeerkoGroefsema
JenniferHehn
JiaqiYan
KieranConboy
KimonBatoulis
KunChen
LauraGiordano
LeleKang
LucianoGarcía-Bañuelos
MauroDragoni
MichaelLeyer
MontserratEstañol
NilsUrbach
PeymanBadakhshan
ReneAbraham
RiccardoDeMasellis
RobinBergenthum
RoopeJaakonm äki
SaimirBala
SebastianSteinau
SergeyShershakov
ShanJiang
StefanOppl
SvenRadszuwill
ThomasFriedrich
Tyge-F.Kummer
VladimirBashkin
VladimirZakharov
WeiWang
XavierOriol
YuliangLi
Keynotes BusinessProcessManagementintheDigital Era:Scenarios,Challenges,Technologies ManfredReichert
InstituteofDatabasesandInformationSystems,UlmUniversity,Germany manfred.reichert@uni-ulm.de
Abstract. TheInternetofThings(IoT)hasbecomeincreasinglypervasivein dailylifeasdigitizationplaysamajorrole,bothintheworkplaceandbeyond. AlongwiththeIoT,additionaltechnologieshaveemerged,suchasaugmented reality,mobileandcognitivecomputing,blockchainsorcloudcomputing, offeringnewopportunitiesfordigitizingbusinessprocesses.Forexample,the IndustrialIoTisconsideredasessentialforrealizingtheIndustry4.0vision, whichtargetsatthedigitaltransformationofmanufacturingprocessesbyintegratingsmartmachines,dataanalytics,andpeopleatwork.Thoughdigitization isabusinesspriorityinmanyapplicationareas,theroleofdigitalprocessesand theirrelationwithphysical(i.e.real-world)oneshavenotbeenwellunderstood sofar,oftenresultinginanalignmentgapbetweendigitalandphysicalprocess. Inthiskeynotecharacteristicscenariosfordigitizingprocessesina cyber-physicalworldareillustratedandthechallengestobetackledarediscussed.Moreover,alinkbetweenthescenariosandcontemporaryBPMtechnologiesisestablished,indicatingthemutualbenefitsofcombiningBPMwith IoTandotherdigitaltechnologies.
BeyondMining:TheorizingAboutProcessual Phenomena BrainT.Pentland
DepartmentofAccountingandInformationSystems, MichiganStateUniversity,USA pentland@broad.msu.edu
Abstract. Fordecades,processminershavebeentoilingdeepintheeventlogs ofdigitizedorganizations.Throughthiscollectiveexperience,theprocess miningcommunityhasdevelopedapowerfulsetoftoolsandacompellingsetof usecasesforthosetools(discovering,monitoring,improving,etc.)
Inthistalk,Iwanttosuggestthatsomeofthesesametoolsmaybeusefulfor otherentirelydifferentkindsofproblems.Inparticular,recognizingandcomparingpatternsofactionshouldbeusefulfortheorizingaboutawiderangeof processualphenomenainorganizationalandsocialscience.
BringingMiddlewaretoEverydayDevelopers withBallerina SanjivaWeerawarana
Founder,ChairmanandChiefArchitectofWSO2,SriLanka sanjiva@wso2.com
Abstract. Middlewareplaysanimportantroleinmakingapplicationssecure, reliable,transactionalandscalable.Workflowmanagementsystems,transaction mangers,enterpriseservicebuses,identitygateways,APIgateways,application serversaresomeofthemiddlewaretoolsthatkeeptheworldrunning.Yet everydayprogrammersdon’thavetheluxury(orpain?)ofsuchinfrastructure andendupcreatingfragilesystemsthatweallsufferfrom.
Ballerinaisageneralpurpose,concurrent,transactionalandstatically& stronglytypedprogramminglanguagewithbothtextualandgraphicalsyntaxes. Itsspecializationisintegration-itbringsfundamentalconcepts,ideasandtools ofdistributedsystemintegrationintothelanguageandoffersatypesafe,concurrentenvironmenttoimplementsuchapplications.Theseincludedistributed transactions,reliablemessaging,streamprocessing,workflowsandcontainer managementplatforms.Ballerina’sconcurrencymodelisbuiltonthesequence diagrammetaphorandofferssimpleconstructsforwritingconcurrentprograms. Itstypesystemisamoderntypesystemdesignedwithsufficientpowerto describedatathatoccursindistributedapplications.Italsoincludesadistributed securityarchitecturetomakeiteasiertowriteapplicationsthataresecureby design.ThistalkwilllookathowBallerinamakesworkflowandothermiddlewarefeaturesintoinherentaspectsofaprogramminglanguageandhowit canhelpbringmiddlewaretoeverydayprogrammerstomakeallprograms better.
Contents ReflectionsonBPM
BPM:Foundations,Engineering,Management......................3 MathiasWeske,MarcoMontali,IngoWeber,andJanvomBrocke
BringingMiddlewaretoEverydayProgrammerswithBallerina...........12 SanjivaWeerawarana,ChathuraEkanayake,SrinathPerera, andFrankLeymann
TrackI:ConceptsandMethodsinBusinessProcessModelingandAnalysis
OpentoChange:ATheoryforIterativeTest-DrivenModelling..........31 TijsSlaats,SørenDebois,andThomasHildebrandt
ConstructionProcessModeling:RepresentingActivities, ItemsandTheirInterplay.....................................48 ElisaMarengo,WernerNutt,andMatthiasPerktold
Feature-OrientedCompositionofDeclarativeArtifact-Centric ProcessModels............................................66 RikEshuis
AnimatingMultipleInstancesinBPMNCollaborations:FromFormal SemanticstoToolSupport....................................83 FlavioCorradini,ChiaraMuzi,BarbaraRe,LorenzoRossi, andFrancescoTiezzi
ManagingDecisionTasksandEventsinTime-AwareBusiness ProcessModels............................................102 RobertoPosenato,FrancescaZerbato,andCarloCombi
TrackI:FoundationsofProcessDiscovery
InterestingnessofTracesinDeclarativeProcessMining:TheJanus LTLpf Approach...........................................121 AlessioCecconi,ClaudioDiCiccio,GiuseppeDeGiacomo, andJanMendling
Unbiased,Fine-GrainedDescriptionofProcessesPerformance fromEventData...........................................139 VadimDenisov,DirkFahland,andWilM.P.vanderAalst
Abstract-and-Compare:AFamilyofScalablePrecisionMeasures forAutomatedProcessDiscovery...............................158
AdrianoAugusto,AbelArmas-Cervantes,RaffaeleConforti, MarlonDumas,MarcelloLaRosa,andDanielReissner
CorrelatingActivationandTargetConditionsinData-AwareDeclarative ProcessDiscovery..........................................176
VolodymyrLeno,MarlonDumas,andFabrizioMariaMaggi
TrackII:AlignmentsandConformanceChecking EfficientlyComputingAlignments:UsingtheExtendedMarkingEquation...197 BoudewijnF.vanDongen
AnEvolutionaryTechniquetoApproximateMultipleOptimalAlignments...215 FarbodTaymouriandJosepCarmona
MaximizingSynchronizationforAligningObserved andModelledBehaviour.....................................233
VincentBloemen,SebastiaanJ.vanZelst,WilM.P.vanderAalst, BoudewijnF.vanDongen,andJacovandePol
OnlineConformanceCheckingUsingBehaviouralPatterns.............250
AndreaBurattin,SebastiaanJ.vanZelst,AbelArmas-Cervantes, BoudewijnF.vanDongen,andJosepCarmona
TrackII:ProcessModelAnalysisandMachineLearning
BINet:MultivariateBusinessProcessAnomalyDetectionUsing DeepLearning............................................271
TimoNolle,AlexanderSeeliger,andMaxMühlhäuser
FindingStructureintheUnstructured:HybridFeatureSetClustering forProcessDiscovery.......................................288
AlexanderSeeliger,TimoNolle,andMaxMühlhäuser
act2vec,trace2vec,log2vec,andmodel2vec:RepresentationLearning forBusinessProcesses.......................................305
PieterDeKoninck,SeppevandenBroucke,andJochenDeWeerdt
WhoIsBehindtheModel?ClassifyingModelersBasedonPragmatic ModelFeatures............................................322
AndreaBurattin,PninaSoffer,DirkFahland,JanMendling, HajoA.Reijers,IreneVanderfeesten,MatthiasWeidlich, andBarbaraWeber
Findingthe “Liberos”:DiscoverOrganizationalModelswithOverlaps.....339 JingYang,ChunOuyang,MaolinPan,YangYu, andArthurH.M.terHofstede
TrackIII:DigitalProcessInnovation
OntheSynergiesBetweenBusinessProcessManagement andDigitalInnovation.......................................359 AmyVanLooy
EffectiveLeadershipinBPMImplementations:ACaseStudy ofBPMinaDevelopingCountry,PublicSectorContext...............376 RehanSyed,WasanaBandara,andEricaFrench
ConceptualizingaFrameworktoManagetheShortHeadandLongTail ofBusinessProcesses.......................................392 FlorianImgrund,MarcusFischer,ChristianJaniesch, andAxelWinkelmann
UsingBusinessProcessComplianceApproachesforCompliance ManagementwithRegardtoDigitization:EvidencefromaSystematic LiteratureReview..........................................409 StefanSackmann,StephanKuehnel,andTobiasSeyffarth
BigDataAnalyticsasanEnablerofProcessInnovationCapabilities: AConfigurationalApproach...................................426 PatrickMikalefandJohnKrogstie
TrackIII:MethodAnalysisandSelection
AssessingtheQualityofSearchProcessModels.....................445 MarianLux,StefanieRinderle-Ma,andAndreiPreda
PredictiveProcessMonitoringMethods:WhichOneSuitsMeBest?.......462 ChiaraDiFrancescomarino,ChiaraGhidini,FabrizioMariaMaggi, andFredrikMilani
HowContext-AwareAreExtantBPMMethods?-Development ofanAssessmentScheme....................................480 Marie-SophieDenner,MaximilianRöglinger,TheresaSchmiedel, KatharinaStelzl,andCharlotteWehking
ProcessForecasting:TowardsProactiveBusinessProcessManagement.....496 RouvenPoll,ArtemPolyvyanyy,MichaelRosemann, MaximilianRöglinger,andLeaRupprecht
ReflectionsonBPM
MathiasWeske1(B) ,MarcoMontali2 ,IngoWeber3 ,andJanvomBrocke4
1 HassoPlattnerInstitute,UniversityofPotsdam,Potsdam,Germany
mathias.weske@hpi.de
2 FreeUniversityofBozen-Bolzano,Bolzano,Italy montali@inf.unibz.it
3 Data61,CSIRO,Sydney,Australia
ingo.weber@data61.csiro.au
4 UniversityofLiechtenstein,Vaduz,Liechtenstein jan.vom.brocke@uni.li
Abstract. Thispaperreportsontheintroductionofatracksystemat theBPMconferenceseriesandtheexperiencesmadeduringtheorganizationofBPM2018,thefirstissueimplementingthetracksystem. Byintroducingdedicatedtracksforfoundations,engineering,andmanagement,withdedicatedevaluationcriteriaandprogramcommittees, theBPMsteeringcommitteeaimsatprovidingafairchanceforacceptancetoallsubmissionstotheconference.Byintroducingamanagementtrack,theconferencereachesouttothemanagementcommunity, whichinvestigatesphenomenainbusinessprocessmanagementfroma non-technicalperspectivethatcomplementsthetechnicalorientationof traditionalBPMpapers.Weelaborateonthebackgroundofandmotivationforthetracksystem,andwediscussthelessonslearnedinthe firstiterationofthetrackstructureatBPM2018.
1Introduction Thispaperreportsonthebackgroundofandmotivationforintroducingatrack systemattheInternationalConferenceonBusinessProcessManagement(BPM) conferenceseries,anditdiscussestheexperiencesgatheredduringtheorganizationofBPM2018,thefirstiterationintheconferenceseriesimplementingthat structure.
TheevolutionoftheBPMconferenceseriestowardsthetrackstructureis basedontwoobservations.Thefirstobservationrelatestotheincreasinglytough reviewingprocessthatwecouldobserveatBPMinrecentyears.Therehasbeen thetrendthatreviewerswereaskingnotonlyforastrongtechnicalcontribution, butalsoforaconvincingempiricalevaluation.Whilethesecriteriaareapplicable toresearchapproachesbasedonthedesignscienceparadigm,thesearenotwell suitedforpaperslookingatfoundationalaspects.
Thesecondobservationisconcernedwiththebreadthoftopicsdiscussed atBPMconferences.BPMhasitsrootsincomputerscienceandinformation c SpringerNatureSwitzerlandAG2018
M.Weskeetal.(Eds.):BPM2018,LNCS11080,pp.3–11,2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98648-7 1
systemsengineering,sothat,traditionally,paperspresentedatBPMconferenceshaveasignificanttechnicalcontribution.Lookingatreal-worldscenariosin businessprocessmanagement,however,anadditionaldisciplineplaysanimportantrole:management.SincetraditionallyBPMpapersareexpectedtohavea strongtechnicalcontribution,onlyfewmanagement-orientedsubmissionswere presentedattheconference.
ToprovideafairchanceforallpaperssubmittedtoBPMconferences,differentevaluationcriteriahavetobeemployedtoreviewfoundationalpapers, toreviewpaperswithanengineeringfocus,andtoreviewpapersthatinvestigatemanagementaspectsofbusinessprocessmanagement.Theseconsiderations havetriggeredtheestablishmentofspecifictrackscoveringfoundational(Track I),engineering(TrackII),andmanagementaspects(TrackIII).
Thereminderofthispaperisorganizedasfollows.Thenextsectionelaboratesonthebackgroundofandmotivationforthetrackstructure.Wethen discussthelessonslearnedinthefirstiterationwhileorganizingBPM2018,specifictoeachtrack.Weclosewithanoutlookonfutureiterationsoftheconference andconcludingremarks.
2BackgroundandMotivation Sinceitsinaugurationin2003,theInternationalConferenceonBusinessProcess Managementhasdevelopedtoawell-establishedconferencethathasshapedthe businessprocessmanagementcommunity.Ithasbeenaconsciousdecisionby theBPMSteeringCommitteetopositionBPMasaconferencewithatechnical focus.Thisdecisionprovedimportanttoestablishtheconferenceasarespected venueforresearchincomputerscienceaspectsofbusinessprocessmanagement.
Ascanbeexpectedfromanactiveresearchcommunityanditsflagshipconference,thetopicsbeingdiscussedatBPMconferenceshavechangedinanevolutionarymannerovertheyears.Thefirstissuesoftheconferencemainlyreported onformalaspectsofbusinessprocesses.Withtheriseofserviceorientedcomputinginthemid2000s,topicslikeservicecompositionandqualityofservice emerged.Withtheestablishmentofprocessminingandthegeneralinterestin dataanalytics,data-drivenempiricalresearchhasbecomeamajorfocusofBPM overthelastdecade.
Twoobservationscanbemade,eachofwhichcanberegardedasachallenge forthefuturedevelopmentoftheBPMconferenceseries.
–Withtheshiftintopics,achangeintheevaluationcriteriaemployedduringthereviewingphasecamealong;evaluationcriteriathatareimportant indata-drivenempiricalresearchbecamethestandard.Thishasledfoundationalandinnovativepapershavinglowerchancesofbeingacceptedat theconference,becausethesecantypicallynotbeempiricallyevaluatedina conclusiveway.
–Thereisastrongstreamofresearchthathasnotbeenrepresentedattheconferenceinadequatestrength,andthisrelatestomanagement.Contributions
inthemanagementfieldofBPMtypicallydonothaveastrongtechnicalcontribution.SincethetypicalrevieweratBPMconferencesexpectthis,onlyfew papersbythemanagementcommunityhavebeenacceptedattheconference.
Lastyear,thesteeringcommitteehasdecidedtoaddressthesechallengesby introducingatracksystem.Itleadstoaseparationoffoundationalresearch, engineeringresearch,andmanagementresearch.Sincepapersfollowingdifferent researchmethodscanonlybeevaluatedfairly,ifspecificevaluationcriteriaare used,eachtrackcomeswithasetofdedicatedevaluationcriteria.Toimplement thesecriteria,eachtrackisledbyatrackchair,andeachtrackhasadedicated programcommittee.Aconsolidationchairisresponsibleforcoordinatingthe processesacrossthetracks.Thereviewingprocessisenhancedwithadedicated consolidationphase,inwhichpaperacceptanceisdiscussedbetweentracks.
3TrackStructure BPM2018featuresthreetracks,foundations,engineering,andmanagement.The tracksarecharacterizedwithrespecttothephenomenastudied,theresearch methodsused,andtheevaluationcriteriaemployedduringthereviewingphase. Noticethatthefollowingcharacterizationistakenfromthecallforpapers;we repeatithereforreference,becauseittriestocharacterizethetracksasconcisely aspossible.
TrackI[Foundations]invitespapersthatfollowcomputerscienceresearch methods.ThisincludespapersthatinvestigatetheunderlyingprinciplesofBPM systems,computationaltheories,algorithms,andmethodsformodelingandanalyzingbusinessprocesses.Thistrackalsocoverspapersonnovellanguages,architectures,andotherconceptsunderlyingprocessawareinformationsystems,as wellaspapersthatuseconceptualmodelingtechniquestoinvestigateproblems inthedesignandanalysisofBPMsystems.PapersinTrackIareevaluated accordingtocomputersciencestandards,includingsoundformalization,convincingargumentation,and,whereapplicable,proofofconceptimplementation, whichshowsthattheconceptscanbeimplementedasdescribed.Sincepapers typicallydonothaveanimmediateapplicationinconcretebusinessenvironments,empiricalevaluationdoesnotplayamajorroleinTrackI.
TrackII[Engineering]invitespapersthatfollowinformationsystemsengineeringmethods.Thefocusisontheinvestigationofartifactsandsystemsin businessenvironments,followingthedesignscienceapproach.Papersinthis trackareexpectedtohaveastrongempiricalevaluationthatcriticallytestscriterialikeusefulnessoraddedvalueoftheproposedartifact.Thistrackcovers businessprocessintelligence,includingprocessminingtechniques,andtheuseof processmodelsforenactment,model-drivenengineering,aswellasinteraction withservicesanddeploymentarchitecturesliketheCloud.ItalsocoversBPM systemsinparticulardomains,suchasdigitalhealth,smartmobility,orInternetofThings.Empiricalevaluationsareimportanttoshowthemeritsofthe artifactintroduced.Aself-criticaldiscussionofthreatstovalidityisexpected.
Formalizationofproblemsandsolutionsshouldbeusedwheretheyaddclarity orarebeneficialinotherways.
TrackIII[Management]invitespapersthataimatadvancingourunderstandingofhowBPMcandeliverbusinessvalue,forinstancehowitbuildsorganizationalcapabilitiestoimprove,innovateortransformtherespectivebusiness. PapersthatstudytheapplicationandimpactofBPMmethodsandtoolsin usecontextsbasedonempiricalobservationarehighlywelcome.AreasofinterestincludeawiderangeofcapabilityareasthatarerelevantforBPM,suchas strategicalignment,governance,methods,informationtechnology,andhuman aspectsincludingpeopleandculture.Weseekcontributionsthatadvanceour understandingonhoworganizationscandevelopsuchcapabilitiesinorderto achievespecificobjectivesingivenorganizationalcontexts.Papersmayusevariousstrategiesofinquiry,includingcasestudyresearch,actionresearch,focus groupresearch,bigdataanalyticsresearch,neuroscienceresearch,econometric research,literaturereviewresearch,surveyresearchordesignscienceresearch. Paperswillbeevaluatedaccordingtomanagementandinformationsystems standards.
4TrackI:Foundations Thefoundationstrackfocusesonpapersthatfollowcomputerscienceresearch methods,withastrongemphasisonthecorecomputingprinciplesandmethods underlyingtheBPMfield.ThisrangesfromtheinvestigationofBPMsystems andtheirextensionthroughnovellanguagesandfunctionalities,tothedevelopmentoftheories,algorithmsandmethodsfor(conceptual)modelingofprocesses andtheir(formal)analysis.Inthisrespect,typicalfoundationalpapersshowa strongandsoundformalization,withconvincingargumentationandrigorous exposition,butdonotfocusonanimmediate,directapplicationofthepresentedresultsinconcretebusinessenvironments.Thisiswhyproof-of-concept implementationsarewelcome,butitisnotexpectedthattheycomewithan empiricalevaluation,asrequestedintheengineeringtrack.
Theacceptedpapersprovideaquitefaircoverageofrecentdevelopmentsof thefoundationsofBPM,withparticularemphasisonmulti-perspectiveprocess models,wheredecisions,data,temporalaspects,andmultipleinstancesareconsideredalongsidethetraditionalprocessdimensions.Somepapersconcentrate onconventionalprocessmodelingnotationssuchasBPMN,whileothersdelve intoalternativemodellingparadigms,withprominenceofdeclarative,constraintbasedapproaches.Interestingly,papersemployaquitewiderangeoftechniques, fromcomputationallogictoformalandstatisticalmethods.Paperspolarized themselvesintwophasesoftheBPMlifecycle:modeling/analysis,andmining. InTrackI,9paperswerefinallyacceptedatthemainconferenceand5papers wereacceptedattheBPMForum.
Bycomparingthecallforpaperswiththesubmissions,reviews,andconsequentdiscussion,thefollowingcriticalpointsemerged:
–Theevaluationobsession:Eventhoughthecallforpapersexplicitlyindicated thatevaluationisnotthecentralfocusofTrackI,thelackofanextensive oron-the-fieldevaluationhasbeenoneofthemostfrequentreasonstolean towardsrejection.Duringthediscussionphase,thishasbeenthenclarified, stillwithresistanceinsomecases.Thetracksystemcertainlyhelped,but moretimeisneededforthecommunitytogetacquaintedwiththefactthat goodfoundationalpapersdonotnecessarilycomewithanevaluationthatis basedondata.
–Therelevancequestion:Wehaveobservedaverydiversifiedopinionofreviewersontherelationshipbetweenrelevanceofthepresentedresults,andthe targetedmodelingnotation.Somereviewersconsideredthechoiceofan unconventionalmodelingnotation,orevenalternativenotationstothewellestablishedones,asareasontoconsiderthecontributionweak,irrespective oftheactualresultstherein.Thisisanotherpointofreflectionforthecommunity,giventhatespeciallyforfoundationalpapersitisveryhardtopredict todaywhatwillberelevantinthefuture.
Allinall,theinitialreviewstendedtobehypercriticalaboutthesubmissions. Intensediscussionswereoftenneededtosingleoutexplicitlyalsothepositive aspectsofthecontributions,andtoassessthemintheirfullgenerality.Thiswas partlyexpected,alsoconsideringthatTrackIreceivedquitemanymorepapers thanexpected,consequentlycreatingaquiteheavyloadforPCmembers.
Intermsofcoveredtopics,themainunifyingthemeamongmanyofthe acceptedpapersisthesimultaneousconsiderationofmultipleprocessperspectives.Thiswitnessestheincreasingmaturityofthefield,andthefactthatitis finallytimeto“bringthepiecestogether”.Weexpectthistrendtocontinuein thecomingyears.Someacceptedpapersreflectonpreviouslyengineeredtechniques(inparticularforprocessmining),witnessingthatsolidfoundationpapers donotnecessarilyfocusontheformalizationofprocessnotations,butcanalso systematicallystudyTrackIIcontributions,creatingasynergybetweenfoundationsandengineering.
AnopenchallengeforTrackIishowtocreateasimilarkindofsynergy towardsTrackIIandTrackIII,soastoguaranteethatstrongfoundationpapers areconsequentlysubjecttoextensiveevaluationbothfromtheengineeringand managementperspective.
5TrackII:Engineering TheengineeringtrackoftheBPMconferencefocusesonpapersthatfollowthe designscienceapproach.Inshort:anewartifact(algorithm,method,system,or similar)issuggestedandrigorouslytested.Thereforethetrackhasanemphasis onastrong,self-criticalevaluation.Theevaluationshouldexposetheartifact torealorrealisticconditions,andassessitsmeritsrelativetotheobjectiveof thedesign,e.g.,underwhichconditionsanewprocessdiscoveryalgorithmis better(ornot)thanthestateoftheart.Inthecallforpapers,wealsoasked foracriticaldiscussionofthreatstovalidity.Theimplementationoftheartifact
shouldtypicallyhavethematurityofaprototype,i.e.,itcanbeevaluatedinan applicationcontext.Thisisincontrasttothefoundationstrack,whereproof-ofconceptimplementationsaresufficient,thoughnotnecessary.
Insummary,themaintopicofthesetofacceptedpapersisconformance checking,withvariousproposalsonimprovingtheefficiencyoraccuracy,or applyingittoonlinesettings.Asanewtrend,itcanbeobservedthatmachine learninganddeeplearninginparticularplayabigroleasunderlyingtechnologies.People-specificaspectsareconsideredintwo,andcomplexitiesofrealistic settingsinalloftheacceptedpapers.
Comparingthecallforpaperswiththesubmissionsreceived,wenotethata discussionofthreatstovalidityistheexception,notthenorm.Thecriteriain thecallforpaperswereformulatedashardtargets,andonlytwosubmissions(or lessthan5%)werejudgedasmeetingthesebythePCwitharecommendation ofdirectacceptance–7paperswereatfirstonlyacceptedconditionally.Reviews wereinparthypercriticalofthesubmissions,andemphasizedflawsmorethan positiveaspects.Inthereviewsanddiscussions,thePCmembersmademany constructiveremarks,whichresultedinthefinalacceptanceof9papers,and5 BPMForumpapers.
AcriticalquestionforthecommunityandTrackIIPCsofcomingyearsis wheretoplacethebaronevaluationstrengthandquality:ifthebarisashigh asfortopjournals,authorsareofteninclinedtosubmittotheseinstead;ifthe baristoolow,validityoftheresultsmaynotbegiven,possiblyinvalidating technicalcontributions.Onestepforwardwouldbeabroaderuptakeofvaliditydiscussionsinsubmissions.WhileitisclearthattheBPMcommunityhas matured,professionalized,andalsoemancipateditselffromothercommunities sinceitsinception,thereisroomforfurtherdevelopment.
AmongthefiveBPMForumpapersfromthistrack,twodiscussthewaysto integrateBPMandInternetofThings,whichmaybeanindicationthatthistopic mightplayabiggerroleinthefuture.Processmining,andconformancechecking inparticular,arethetopicsattractingmostsubmissionsandacceptedpapers. Conformancecheckingonlymovedinthelastfewyearsfromfoundationalworks towardsaphaseofimprovementandoptimizationofapproaches,i.e.,towards thekindsofcontributionsthatfitTrackIIwell.Businessprocessexecutionand engineeringofprocess-awareinformationsystems,outsideofprocessmining,did notyieldanyacceptedpapersinthemaintrack.Predictiveprocessmonitoring,a topicthatwaspresentinpreviousBPMconferences,movedtothemanagement trackthisyear.Insummarythereissomeindicationthatcertainthemesactually movefromthefoundationstracktotheengineeringtrackandpossiblyfurtherto themanagementtrack,whichnicelyshowstherelationshipsbetweenthethree tracks.
6TrackIII:Management ThemanagementtrackfocusesonapplicationsofBPMinorganizationalsettings.PapersinvestigatethedevelopmentandimpactofBPMcapabilitiesin
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