For Better Health
THE NEWTOWN BEE, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 11, 2019
USDA Study On Cleaning Poultry Reveals Bad Habits, Easy Fixes By Shannon Hicks WASHINGTON, DC — The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that millions of Americans are sickened with foodborne illnesses each year, resulting in roughly 128,000 hospitalizations and 3,000 deaths. A recent study, “Food Safety Consumer Research Project: Meal Preparation Experiment Related to Poultry Washing,” by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) revealed that folks who primarily cook at home are among the primary culprits putting themselves and those who consume their food at risk of illness when they wash or rinse raw poultry. The study, conducted in eight test kitchen facilities, with individuals who self-reported washing or rinsing raw poultry when cooking at home, used microbiological tracking to identify where cross-contamination took bacteria around the kitchen. The insights included the following: *When participants in the research washed chicken, 60 percent contaminated the inner sink with the tracer bacteria that was used. *Immediately following chicken washing, 76 percent of participants in the research did not even try to clean and sanitize the sink. *According to the study, more than one in four (26 percent) of the side salads participants prepared were contaminated with the tracer bacteria, meaning consumers would be putting bacteria directly into their mouths. *The handwashing habits of participants was “horrible,” said Lynn Pereira, an intern on the Food Safety Education Staff in the USDA Office of Public Affairs and Consumer Education. “We observed 1,145 times when hand washing was required to prevent cross-con-
Dropping in for a surprise inspection, Newtown Health District Food Service Inspector Suzette LeBlanc meets with Lee DeLucia, who prepares food for members in the Senior Center’s commercial kitchen. tamination. Of these, handwashing was not attempted 75 percent of the time — and successful handwashing did not occur a disturbing 99 percent of the time according to CDC’s handwashing recommendations,” she stated. Suzette LeBlanc, a food service inspector with the Town of Newtown, says she defines “sanitize” using the following methods from the FDA 2017 Food Code: *Immersion in 160 degree Fahrenheit water for at least 30 seconds (not practical for surface cleaning) OR *Chemical sanitizing using Chlorine (EPA registered, nonfragranced, non-concentrated bleach) using a dilution ratio of 1.5 teaspoon bleach: 1 gallon water with a contact time no less than one minute. In addition, “the sanitizing agent needs to dry on the con-
Newtown Health District Food Service Inspector Suzette LeBlanc, left, visited the Newtown Community Center October 1 and had the opportunity to chat with Better Day Cafe workers Noel Loveland, Jackie Magoon, and Sallie Barlow about safe poultry preparation. —Bee Photos, Voket
tact surface to be effective,” she pointed out, also referencing the 2017 guidelines. “Do not wipe off ” the sanitizing agent, she added. Food Prep Safety Tips Ms LeBlanc also encourages home cooks follow safety tips issued by The Connecticut Department of Public Health. These should be followed regardless of what food is being prepared. Wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and water and dry hands with a paper towel following restroom use, before preparing foods, after handling raw meat, and before eating. Clean hands will help prevent the spread of illness-causing bacteria. Clean cutting boards, knives and counter tops. Bacteria can spread over and get into these items.
Wash and sanitize foodcontact surfaces often. Many home dishwashers now come with a sanitizing cycle option. If not, utensils, cutting boards and other items that come in contact with food for at least one minute can be cleaned in a solution made of one teaspoon of household bleach per gallon of water. Wash fruits and vegetables with water before preparing. Thaw properly. Proper methods for thawing a turkey include thawing in a refrigerator with a temperature of 41° F or less (allow 3-4 days for thawing; placing under cool running water at a temperature of 75° F or less; or thawing in a microwave and cooking the turkey immediately. Ms LeBlanc offers a word of caution about the second option, however. “Although this is an approved method of defrosting,” she said,
“current studies indicate that this may increase the risk of cross contaminating the sink and adjacent surfaces.” Finally, the CT DPH reminds cooks to regularly check temperatures while cooking. Cook a turkey at 325 degrees Fahrenheit until its internal temperature reaches at least 165 degrees Fahrenheit. That same temperature is the CT DPH standard for game meats and poultry, whether intact, ground, or comminuted. While the results of the USDA study are not completely surprising — poor handling of food will always create health risks — the reminders for proper storage, thawing and prep are not new. Food is meant to be nourishing and enjoyable. Taking care while working with food will always result in dishes that are not only tastier, but safer for everyone.
C-ONE
Key Findings From USDA Poultry Washing Experiment The key findings from the Meal Preparation Experiment Related to Poultry Washing are summarized below. These findings were included in the Executive Summary, released in August 2019. The references to e-mails concern three notes that were mailed to treatment group participants from the Office of Public Affairs and Consumer Education. One message focused on not washing poultry before cooking to avoid cross-contamination and included a link to a Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) YouTube video; one recommended using separate cutting boards for raw and ready-to-eat foods; and one featured an FSIS “Clean” infographic with information on not washing poultry and the messages to wash hands for 20 seconds with soap and warm water and to wash kitchen surfaces and equipment (utensils). Control group participants did not include the intervention e-mails. Poultry Washing *The food safety messages in the e-mails effectively encouraged participants not to wash raw chicken thighs before cooking: 93 percent of treatment group participants did not wash the chicken compared with 39 percent for the control group. *When washing the chicken, most participants rinsed it in the sink rather than submerging it in the sink or container. Participants who wash chicken when preparing it at home reported that they did so to remove blood/slime (30 percent) or because that is how a family member does it (19 percent). *In the post-observation interviews, 66 percent of participants stated that reading the e-mail messages influenced their cooking behavior in the kitchen. Of these participants, 40 percent reported that their actions were influenced by learning new information about preparing poultry. Handwashing Proper handwashing was addressed in one of the e-mail messages but did not influence participants’ handwashing practices. Among all handwashing events required before or during meal preparation, only two percent included all steps necessary to be considered an adequate handwashing event (defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s recommended steps). There were no significant differences in terms of handwashing events attempted and successful and unsuccessful hand-
washing attempts. The most documented reason for not successfully washing hands was failing to rub hands with soap for at least 20 seconds. Cleaning & Sanitizing Surfaces & Equipment The intervention did not appear to affect whether participants attempted cleaning and sanitizing when required or whether it was successful for the kitchen counter, the sink among poultry washers, and knives or cutting boards used to prepare chicken. There was not a significant difference in successful cleaning and sanitizing events between the control and treatment groups. The use of the same cutting board for preparing the chicken and the salad was lower among treatment group participants compared with the control group, suggesting an intervention effect — one of the e-mail messages advised using separate cutting boards for raw meat/poultry and ready-toeat foods. Cross-Contamination & Microbiological Analysis *The lettuce from the prepared salad was found to be contaminated at a frequency of 26 percent and 20 percent for poultry washers and non-washers, respectively. Handfacilitated cross-contamination is suspected to be an important factor in explaining this level of cross-contamination. *High levels of the tracer E. coli strain DH-5 alpha detected in the sink and on the salad lettuce suggest that microbes harbored in the sink from chicken, packaging, or contaminated hands are a larger cause for concern than splashing contaminated chicken fluids onto the counter. *There was no impact on cleaning and sanitizing or handwashing behaviors when comparing the control and treatment groups, but for non-poultry washers, participants in the control group were more likely to contaminate the salad than those in the treatment group, suggesting an intervention effect. Thermometer Use *47 percent of all participants used a food thermometer on at least one chicken thigh. There were no significant differences between the control and treatment groups. *34 percent of participants in the control group used a thermometer on at least one turkey patty, while 44 percent of the control group used a thermometer on at least one chicken thigh.
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