NHEG July-August

ISSUE 7-8

2022

J U LY

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AU G U S T

EDITORIAL TEAM

EDITOR IN CHIEF

Pamela Clark NewHeightsEducation@yahoo.com

PRODUCTION MANAGER

PROOFREADERS/EDITORS

PHOTOGRAPHERS IN THIS ISSUE

Marina Klimi MarinaKlimi@NewHeightsEducation.org

Laura Casanova Laura Casanova Laura Casanova

Frani Wyner Pamela Clark

Contents

NHEG EDGUIDE

2 EDITORIAL TEAM 4 THOUGHT OF THE MONTH 8-17

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NHEG MEDIA PACK

110 HSLDA ARTICLES

18-19

NHEG Writers ARTICLES 92-106

FEE ARTICLES

MISSING CHILDREN

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22-23 NHEG GROUP NAMED BEST CHILDREN & ADULTS LITERACY GROUP

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NEW COMIC STRIPS CREATED BY

NATIONAL NEWS REPORTS IN EDUCATION

RECIPES NHEG PARTNERS & AFFILIATES

BARBARA BULLEN

40-41 VOLUNTEERS PAGES 42-46

NHEG INTERNET RADIO PROGRAM 50-51 THE WALK IN AND OUT OF DARKNESS 56-59

VOLUNTEER PAGES 62-63 EARN BOX TOPS

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Thought for the Month

Welcome to the official New Heights Educational Group store.

THE CURRENT STORE IS UNDER CONSTRUCTION, PLEASE BE PATIENT https://www.NewHeightsEducation.org/NHEG-store/

This month we reflect on the achievements of the last school year and the many blessings that NHEG receives and provides to the public, thanks to volunteers from all around the world.

Pamela Clark Founder/ Executive Director of The New Heights Educational Group, Inc. Resource and Literacy Center NewHeightsEducation@yahoo.com http://www.NewHeightsEducation.org

Learning Annex

https://School.NewHeightsEducation.org/

A Public Charity 501(c)(3) Nonprofit Organization New Heights Educational Group Inc. 14735 Power Dam Road, Defiance, Ohio 43512 +1.419.786.0247

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NCMEC: 1453332

NCMEC: 1452759

Saunja Atkins Missing Since: Missing From: DOB: Age Now: Sex: Race: Hair Color: Eye Color: Height: Weight:

Liam Hastings

Jun 13, 2022 Akron, OH

Missing Since: Missing From: DOB: Age Now: Sex: Race: Hair Color: Eye Color: Height: Weight:

Oct 5, 2005 16 Female Black Brown Brown 5'6" 215 lbs

Saunja was last seen June 13, 2022.

Jun 8, 2022 Lima, OH Apr 5, 2006 16 Male White Brown Hazel 6'1" 161 lbs

Liam was last seen on June 8, 2022.

ANYONE HAVING INFORMATION SHOULD CONTACT

Case handled by ANYONE HAVING INFORMATION SHOULD CONTACT

NCMEC: 1451337

Case handled by

NCMEC: 1453059

Areonna Suttles

Jacob Boykin Missing Since: Missing From: DOB: Age Now: Sex: Race: Hair Color: Eye Color: Height: Weight:

Missing Since: Missing From: DOB: Age Now: Sex: Race: Hair Color: Eye Color: Height: Weight:

May 23, 2022 Columbus, OH Aug 17, 2004 17 Female White Brown Brown 5'5" 170 lbs

Areonna was last seen May 23, 2022.

Jun 9, 2022 Dayton, OH Jan 19, 2005 17 Male Black Black Brown 5'9" 160 lbs

Jacob was last seen on June 9, 2022.

ANYONE HAVING INFORMATION SHOULD CONTACT

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Case handled by

ANYONE HAVING INFORMATION SHOULD CONTACT

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Case handled by

NHEG EDGUIDE

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New Heights Educational Group Named Best Children & Adults Literacy Group New Heights Educational Group (NHEG) has been named a U.S. winner in Acquisition International’s 2022 Non-Profit Organisation Awards. NHEG was awarded Best Children & Adults Literacy Group – Ohio.

This is the second win for NHEG from Acquisition International, a monthly digital business magazine with global circulation published by AI Global Media Ltd, a publishing house based in the United Kingdom.

Pamela Clark, Founder/Executive Director of NHEG stated, “We extend a warm thank you to Acquisition International for recognizing the work of our organization and its many volunteers. We are thankful for and appreciate your continued support.”

More information about the NHEG award and other award winners is available via the links below: • Directory listing - https://www.acquisition-international.com/winners-list/?award=98329-2022 • The official press release - https://www.acquisition-international.com/acquisition-international-is-proud-to-announce-thewinners-of-the-2022-non-profit-organisation-awards/ • New Heights Educational Group - New Heights Educational Group 2022 (acquisition-international.com)

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https://newheightseducation.org/NHEG-news/heroes-of-liberty-partnership/

https://www.collegexpress.com/reg/signup?campaign=10k&utm_campaign=NHEG&utm_medium=link&utm_source=NHEG

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https://nheg.memberhub.gives/nheg/Campaign/Details

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VOLUNTEER PAGES VOLUNTEERS OF THE MONTH

N E W VO L U NT E E RS RAMYASREE ARVA (RAMYA) DATE OF HIRE: 4/21/2022 DOCUMENT BUILDER/EDITOR DATA COMPILATION TEAM GOOGLE CLASSROOM ASSISTANT

MICHAEL ANDERSON

VIVIEN DINH

NINA LE

RAMYASREE ARVA (RAMYA)

JACKSON HOCHSTETLER

VICTOR RODRIGUEZ

ANGELICA BARBOSA

RHONE-ANN HUANG

STEPHANIE SONG

BARBARA BULLEN

PADMAPRIYA KEDHARNATH

EMILY STAGG

LAURA CASANOVA

PRIYA

CARMEN TACHIE-MENSON

CAROLINE CHEN

MEGHNA KILAPARTHI

SEAN URKE

KRISTEN CONGEDO

MARINA KLIMI

JAVIER CORTÉS

JULIA LANDY

Sad Goodbyes and Best Wishes Olaniyan Taibat and Meghna Kilaparthi, we wish you all the best.

Thank you for everything you have done for us.

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THE INTERNET RADIO PROGRAM FROM NEW HEIGHTS EDUCATIONAL GROUP

Internet Radio Show Spots now available The New Heights Educational Group is now offering the opportunity for the public or businesses that promote education to purchase sponsor advertisement on our internet radio show.

All products, business and service advertisements will need to be reviewed by our research department and must be approved by NHEG home office.

All advertisements must be family friendly.

Those interested in purchasing packages can choose for our host to read the advertisement on their show or supply their own pre-recorded advertisement.

If interested, please visit our website for more details. https://Radio.NewHeightsEducation.org/

The NHEG Radio Show is an internet radio program in which the hosts cover various topics of education for Home, Charter and Public School families in Ohio.

These Communities include Paulding, Defiance, Van Wert, Delphos, Lima, Putnam County, Wauseon and Napoleon.

For an invitation to the live show, visit us on Facebook or Twitter to sign up, or email us at info@NewHeightsEducation.org If you are looking to listen to past shows, please check out this document

https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1oW5gxFB7WNgtREowSsrJqWP9flz8bsulcgoR-QyvURE/edit#gid=529615429

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NHEG July Birthday JUL 02 JUL 06

AUG 10 Rachel Marie Flowers

Victoria Lowery

AUG 11 Sheila Wright

Cuyler Spangler

JUL 07

Elias Bucchop

JUL 09

Zachary Clark

JUL 14

Jody Bowden

JUL 15

Oliver Clark

JUL 20

Jeff Ermoian

JUL 25

Buffie Williams

JUL 29

Olaniyan Taibat

JUL 30

Victor Rodriguez

NHEG August Birthday

AUG 20 Bruno Moses Patrick

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NHEG July Anniversaries JUL 13

Lakshmi Padmanabhan

JUL 14

Nina Le

JUL 22

Sheila Wright

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NHEG August Anniversaries AUG 13 Greg and Pamela Clark 34th Wedding

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HAPPY

4 JULY TH

DAY INDEPENDENCE DAY

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NHEG EDGUIDE

HOW TO EARN BOX TOPS MAKES IT EASY All you need is your phone! Download the Box Tops app, shop as you normally would, then use the app to scan your store receipt within 14 days of purchase. The app will identify Box Tops products on your receipt and automatically credit your school’s earnings online.

Twice a year, your school will receive a check and can use that cash to buy whatever it needs!

DO YOU NEED TO ENROLL YOUR SCHOOL? FIND OUT HOW HERE.

https://www.boxtops4education.com/enroll 62

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PRESS RELEASE

NEW HEIGHTS EDUCATIONAL GROUP WINS SILVER AND BRONZE STEVIE® AWARDS IN 2022 STEVIE AWARDS FOR SALES & CUSTOMER SERVICE

STEVIE WINNER PROVIDES LITERACY AND EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT TO ADULTS AND CHILDREN

Defiance, Ohio – March 2, 2022 – New Heights Educational Group (NHEG)was presented with a Silver Stevie® Award in the Best Use of Thought Leadership in Customer Service category and a Bronze Stevie® Award in the Best Use of Thought Leadership in Business Development category Their Mission: Stevie Award winner New Heights Educational Group, Inc. promotes literacy for children and adults by offering a range of educational support services. Such services include assisting families in the selection of schools, organization of educational activities, and acquisition of materials. They promote a healthy learning environment and enrichment programs for families of preschool and school-age children, including children with special needs.

in the 16th annual Stevie Awards for Sales & Customer Service.

The Stevie Awards for Sales & Customer Service are the world’s top honors for customer service, contact center, business development and sales professionals. The Stevie Awards organizes eight of the world’s leading business awards programs, also including the prestigious American Business Awards® and International Business Awards®.

Winners will be recognized during a virtual awards ceremony on May 11.

Award-winning organization New Heights Educational Group (NHEG) was formed in 2006 by Mrs. Pamela Clark. Mrs. Clark discovered that families needed to cooperate, especially in educating children with learning difficulties such as ADHD, bipolar disorder, autism, and neurological disorders. NHEG has served over 350,000 students via online services and courses. Mrs. Clark leads a team of 92 volunteers who research advancements and provide training to teachers and tutors exploring different learning styles.

More than 2,300 nominations from organizations of all sizes and in virtually every industry, in 51 nations, were considered in this year’s competition. Winners were determined by the average scores of more than 150 professionals worldwide on eight specialized judging committees. Entries were considered in more than 90 categories for customer service and contact center achievements, including Contact Center of the Year, Award for Innovation in Customer Service, and Customer Service Department of the Year; more than 60 categories for sales and business development achievements, ranging from Senior Sales Executive of the Year to Sales Training or Business Development Executive of the Year to Sales Department of the Year; and categories to recognize new products and services, solution providers, and organizations’ and individuals’ response to the COVID-19 pandemic. New categories this year honor excellence in thought leadership in customer service and sales.

Judges’ Comments --Congratulations on an incredible and amazingly profound mission. Well done.

--Awesome to see enablement through education, developing support around kids for a better future --Interesting method to meet the requirements and needs of the business --Congratulations on your successful thought leadership focus on family education and those with special needs!

--Excellent initiative taken by the company. The company seems to have benefitted tremendously under Mrs. Pamela Clark’s leadership. Well done on promoting literacy through various educational programs.Worthy of acclaim!

--Supporting your clients every step along the way is the key to building trust. And since people do business with people they know, like, and trust, you can see how essential this is. You can also see how it’s the opposite of trying to SELL. It’s about guiding them to find the best solution for their problem …based on where they are in their Decision Journey.

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--True general leadership growth opportunities in an equitable social application. This will impact and assist in true across the board growth in thought leadership --Overall a good and innovative solution to a time tested problem.

--Congratulations NHEG on your valuable contributions to children’s education during the Covid crisis!

--New Heights Educational Group has a very fulfilling goal, which is to provide education to the children with learning difficulties. The increase in the number of course offerings is commendable. Their partnerships with various online course providers is a clear indication of their interest in the growth of the children.

Pamela Clark, Executive Director of NHEG, stated, “we are proud of our team of volunteers that work so hard to bring opportunities to families in need. We are honored by these awards.”

“The nominations we received for the 2022 competition illustrate that business development, customer service, and sales professionals worldwide, in all sorts of organizations, have continued to innovate, thrive, and meet customer expectations during the COVID-19 pandemic,” said Stevie Awards president Maggie Gallagher Miller.

“The judges have recognized and rewarded their achievements, and we join them in applauding this year’s winners for their continued success. We look forward to recognizing them on May 11.”

Details about the Stevie Awards for Sales & Customer Service and the list of Stevie winners in all categories are available at www.StevieAwards.com/Sales.

About NHEG New Heights Educational Group, Inc., promotes literacy for children and adults by offering a range of educational support services. Such services include the following: assisting families in the selection of schools; organization of educational activities; and acquisition of materials. We promote a healthy learning environment and various enrichment programs for families of preschool and school-age children, including children with special needs.

About The Stevie Awards Stevie Awards are conferred in eight programs: the Asia-Pacific Stevie Awards, the German Stevie Awards, the Middle East & North Africa Stevie Awards, The American Business Awards®, The International Business Awards®, the Stevie Awards for Great Employers, the Stevie Awards for Women in Business, and the Stevie Awards for Sales & Customer Service. Stevie Awards competitions receive more than 12,000 entries each year from organizations in more than 70 nations. Honoring organizations of all types and sizes and the people behind them, the Stevies recognize outstanding performances in the workplace worldwide. Learn more about the Stevie Awards at http://www.StevieAwards.com.

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Nelson Mandela Peace often brings with it joy and pain.

Mandela served 27 years in prison, split between Robben Island, Pollsmoor Prison and Victor Verster Prison. Amid growing domestic and international pressure and fears of racial civil war, President F. W. de Klerk released him in 1990. Mandela and de Klerk led efforts to negotiate an end to apartheid, which resulted in the 1994 multiracial general election in which Mandela led the ANC to victory and became president. Leading a broad coalition government which promulgated a new constitution,

Joy in the relief that there are no longer racist

Mandela emphasised reconciliation between the country’s racial groups and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission

governmental policies

to investigate past human rights abuses. Economically, his administration retained its predecessor’s liberal framework despite

and pain in the attempt to overcome historically

his own socialist beliefs, also introducing measures to encourage land reform, combat poverty and expand

racist and prejudicial acts towards those whose

healthcare services. Internationally, Mandela acted as mediator in the Pan Am Flight 103 bombing trial and served as

skin color is different.

Mandela, you helped overthrow Apartheid.

For this, the world thanks you.

secretary-general of the Non-Aligned Movement from 1998 to 1999. He declined a second presidential term and was succeeded by his deputy, Thabo Mbeki. Mandela became an elder statesman and focused on combating poverty and HIV/AIDS through the charitable Nelson Mandela Foundation.

Mandela was a controversial figure for much of his life. Although critics on the right denounced him as a communist terrorist

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela known throughout the world as a revolutionary and political leader who aided

and those on the far-left deemed him too eager to negotiate and reconcile with apartheid’s supporters, he gained international

in the dismantling of Apartheid; Black South Africans whose lives were filled with fear due to the historical

acclaim for his activism. Globally regarded as an icon of democracy and social justice, he received more than 250 honours,

racist and prejudicial governmental policies of South Africa found their hero in Mandela. The world craved

including the Nobel Peace Prize. He is held in deep respect within South Africa, where he is often referred to by his Thembu

such a leader, as Black South Africans lives were filled with violence, fear and the struggle to end racism, and

clan name, Madiba, and described as the “Father of the Nation”.

they were severely affected by policies enacted and intended to make them feel subservient and inferior to

https://www.un.org/en/events/mandeladay/assets/pdf/mandela100-booklet.pdf

White South Africans.

“Our march to freedom is irreversible. We must not allow fear to stand in our way.” Those who are voteless cannot be expected

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson_Mandela

to continue paying taxes to a government which is not responsible to them. People who live in poverty and starvation cannot

Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (/mænˈdɛlə/;[1] Xhosa: [xolíɬaɬa mandɛ̂ːla]; 18 July 1918 – 5 December 2013)

be expected to pay exorbitant house rents to the government and local authorities. We furnish the sinews of agriculture and

was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader who served as the first president of

industry. We produce the work of the gold mines, the diamonds and the coal, of the farms and industry, in return for miserable

South Africa from 1994 to 1999. He was the country’s first black head of state and the first elected in a fully

wages.

representative democratic election. His government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid by

Why should we continue enriching those who steal the products of our sweat and blood? Those who exploit us and refuse us

tackling institutionalised racism and fostering racial reconciliation. Ideologically an African nationalist and

the right to organise trade unions? ...

socialist, he served as the president of the African National Congress (ANC) party from 1991 to 1997.

I am informed that a warrant for my arrest has been issued, and that the police are looking for me. ... Any serious politician

A Xhosa, Mandela was born into the Thembu royal family in Mvezo, Union of South Africa.

will realise that under present-day conditions in this country, to seek for cheap martyrdom by handing myself to the police is

He studied law at the University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand before working as a

naive and criminal. We have an important programme before us and it is important to carry it out very seriously and without

lawyer in Johannesburg. There he became involved in anti-colonial and African nationalist politics, joining

delay. I have chosen this latter course, which is more difficult and which entails more risk and hardship than sitting in gaol. I

the ANC in 1943 and co-founding its Youth League in 1944. After the National Party’s white-only government

have had to separate myself from my dear wife and children, from my mother and sisters, to live as an outlaw in my own land.

established apartheid, a system of racial segregation that privileged whites, Mandela and the ANC

I have had to close my business, to abandon my profession, and live in poverty and misery, as many of my people are doing.

committed themselves to its overthrow. He was appointed president of the ANC’s Transvaal branch, rising to

... I shall fight the government side by side with you, inch by inch, and mile by mile, until victory is won. What are you going to

prominence for his involvement in the 1952 Defiance Campaign and the 1955 Congress of the People. He was

do? Will you come along with us, or are you going to cooperate with the government in its efforts to suppress the claims and

repeatedly arrested for seditious activities and was unsuccessfully prosecuted in the 1956 Treason Trial.

aspirations of your own people? Or are youv going to remain silent and neutral in a matter of life and death to my people, to

Influenced by Marxism, he secretly joined the banned South African Communist Party (SACP). Although

our people? For my own part I have made my choice. I will not leave South Africa, nor will I surrender. Only through hardship,

initially committed to nonviolent protest, in association with the SACP he co-founded the militant uMkhonto

sacrifice and militant action can freedom be won. The struggle is my life. I will continue fighting for freedom until the end of

we Sizwe in 1961 and led a sabotage campaign against the government. He was arrested and imprisoned in

my days.

1962, and, following the Rivonia Trial, was sentenced to life imprisonment for conspiring to overthrow the state.

“THE STRUGGLE IS MY LIFE,” PRESS STATEMENT ISSUED WHILE UNDERGROUND IN SOUTH AFRICA, 26 JUNE 1961”

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Thurgood Marshall

In its proper meaning equality before the law means the right to participate in the making of the laws by which one is governed, a constitution which guarantees democratic rights to all sections of the population,

Written By: Barbara Bullen

the right to approach the court for protection or relief in the case of the violation of rights guaranteed in the constitution, and the right to take part in the administration of justice as judges, magistrates, attorneys-

Birthday wishes to a great man.

general, law advisers and similar positions. In the absence of these safeguards the phrase “equality before

Honored by many for the work he did to

the law,” in so far as it is intended to apply to us, is meaningless and misleading. All the rights and privileges

end segregation by taking an active role in his job as a

to which I have referred are monopolized by whites, and we enjoy none of them. (I)consider myself neither

Civil Rights Activist, Lawyer and Justice.

morally nor legally obliged to obey laws made by a parliament in which I am not represented. That the will of

Thank you, Thurgood, for the good you did and may your

the people is the basis of “I have cherished the ideal of a democratic and free society.... It is an ideal which I

work and successbe forever in the thoughts

hope to live for and to achieve. But if needs be, it is an ideal for which I am prepared to die.” The authority of

of everyone not only in the United States

government is a principle universally acknowledged as sacred throughout the civilised world, and constitutes

but the world.

the basic foundations of freedom and justice. It is understandable why citizens, who have the vote as well as the right to direct representation in the country’s governing bodies, should be morally and legally bound by the laws governing the country.

It should be equally understandable why we, as Africans, should adopt the attitude that we are neither morally nor legally bound to obey laws which we have not made, nor can we be expected to have confidence in courts which enforce such laws. …

I hate the practice of race discrimination, and in my hatred I am sustained by the fact that the overwhelming majority of mankind hate it equally. I hate the systematic inculcation of children with colour prejudice and I am sustained in that hatred by the fact that the overwhelming majority of mankind, here and abroad, are with me in that. I hate the racial arrogance which decrees that the good things of life shall be retained as the exclusive right of a minority of the population, and which reduces the majority of the population to a position of subservience and inferiority, and maintains them as voteless chattels to work where they are told and behave as they are told by the ruling minority. I am sustained in that hatred by the fact that the overwhelming majority of mankind both in this country and abroad are with me.

Nothing that this court can do to me will change in any way that hatred in me, which can only be removed by the removal of the injustice and the inhumanity which I have sought to remove from the political and social life of this country.

COURT STATEMENT, PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA, 15 OCTOBER–7 NOVEMBER 1962 ***** Mandela, we love you for what you stood for The right for equality The right to end racism The right to be human The right for governmental policies to be just, and The right to be free.

https://www.oyez.org/justices/thurgood_marshall Thurgood Marshall had a fresh, passionate voice and became a champion of civil rights, both on the bench and through almost 30 Supreme Court victories before his appointment, during times of severe racial strains. Marshall was born in Baltimore, Maryland, on July 2, 1908, to Norma Arica and William Canfield Marshall. Marshall’s mother was a kindergarten teacher and his father was an amateur writer who worked as a dining-car waiter on a railroad, later becoming a chief steward at a ritzy club. When Marshall’s father had a day off, he would occasionally take his sons to court so they could watch the legal procedure and arguments presented. Afterwards, the three would debate legal issues and current events together.

Marshall’s father would challenge his sons on the points they made, constantly encouraging them to prove their case.

Growing up in Baltimore, Marshall experienced the racial discrimination that shaped his passion for civil rights early on. The city had a death rate for African-Americans that was twice that of Caucasians, and due to school segregation, Marshall was forced to go to an all-black grade school. Once, he was unable to use the bathroom because all public restrooms were reserved for whites. Despite the times, Marshall’s parents tried to shelter him from the reality of racism. They earned enough money to live in a nice area, and he was able to attend a first-rate high school. He was often mischievous and sent out of class to read the Constitution for misbehavior.

When Marshall graduated high school in 1925, he knew the Constitution backwards and forwards. Marshall was accepted to Lincoln University in Oxford, Pennsylvania, from where his brother had just graduated. It was known as the black counterpart to Princeton, and one of his classmates was the famous writer Langston Hughes. Marshall chose to focus more on the social life of college. Because of his intelligence, he was able to get through with little effort, but after getting suspended for hazing with his fraternity, he began to focus on academics. Marshall joined the debate club, which helped him realize his passion for becoming a lawyer. He also became more involved with civil rights and helped desegregate a movie theater, which he later described as one of the happiest moments in his life. Marshall met his wife, Vivian Burey, while taking a weekend trip with his friends to Philadelphia.

They soon married on September 4, 1929, before Marshall started his last semester. He graduated college in 1930 as a top-notch student. After being denied by his first choice, the University of Maryland Law School, due to the color of his skin, Marshall decided to go to Howard University. He and his wife moved in with his parents, and his mother sold her wedding ring to help pay for his law school. There he learned about civil rights law and began to think of the Constitution as a living document.

His mentors introduced him to the world of the NAACP, often bringing him to attend meetings and watch lawyers discuss key

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issues. One of the mentors who made the biggest impression upon Marshall was Charles Houston, who

As the court made a shift towards conservatism, however, Marshall became frustrated and his

taught him to defeat racial discrimination through the use of existing laws. Marshall graduated as

influence weakened. Despite the change of currents, Marshall’s voice remained strong until

valedictorian of his class in 1933 and moved back to Baltimore.

his retirement, when he was succeeded by Associate Justice Clarence Thomas. Marshall died

Marshall denied a postgraduate scholarship to Harvard in order to start his own practice and opened an

on January 24, 1993 of heart failure in Bethesda, Maryland.

office in east Baltimore. A few people did come to him for help, though unable to pay. Marshall turned none of them away. He began to develop his style as he took cases dealing with police brutality, evictions and harsh landlords. Marshall was respectful but forceful in presenting his case. As his name began to gain notice, he earned big clients such as labor organizations, building associations, and corporations.

Marshall started to volunteer with the NAACP and eventually became one of their attorneys, joining his mentor Houston to argue cases together. He won his first case arguing that the University of Maryland Law School should allow an African-American admission. In 1935, Houston got Marshall appointed as Assistant Special Counsel for New York in the organization.

From then on, the two began planning on how to have the Supreme Court overrule the separate but

“Thurgood Marshall.” Oyez, www.oyez.org/justices/thurgood_marshall. Accessed 2 Jun. 2022. ***** https://usa.usembassy.de/etexts/gov/marshall.pdf Justice for All: The Legacy of Thurgood Marshall ***** https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/brown-v-board-ofeducation#:~:text=On%20May%2017%2C%201954%2C%20 U.S.,amendment%20and%20 was%20therefore%20unconstitutional.

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

equal doctrine. After Houston resigned and Marshall took over as Special Counsel in 1938, he traveled to

In this milestone decision, the Supreme Court ruled that separating children in public schools on the basis of race was

dangerous areas in the South in order to investigate lynching, the denial of voting rights, jury service, and

unconstitutional. It signaled the end of legalized racial segregation in the schools of the United States, overruling the

fair trials to African-Americans. The face of the NAACP had soon become that of Marshall’s.

In 1940, the NAACP set up a legal activist organization known as Fund, Inc., of which Marshall was hired to

“separate but equal” principle set forth in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case.

On May 17, 1954, U.S. Supreme Court Justice Earl Warren delivered the unanimous ruling

be special counsel. He was able to work toward his goal of challenging segregation in education. He won his

in the landmark civil rights case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. Statesanctioned segregation of public schools

first Supreme Court case dealing with forced confession; and after President Truman rejected the separate

was a violation of the 14th amendment and was therefore unconstitutional. This historic decision marked the end of the

but equal doctrine in relation to the G.I. Bill, Marshall was ready to bring the education issue into full light.

“separate but equal” precedent set by the Supreme Court nearly 60 years earlier

Marshall finally got the case he had been hoping for, and in 1952 argued Brown v. Board of Education. The

in Plessy v. Ferguson and served as a catalyst for the expanding civil rights movement

case was reargued in 1953, and after five months of waiting, the Supreme Court delivered its opinion that

during the decade of the 1950s.

invalidated the separate but equal doctrine. In 1961, President Kennedy appointed Marshall as federal judge to the Second Circuit Court of Appeals in New York City. Marshall spent four years on the court, and none of

*****

his opinions were reversed on appeal to the Supreme Court. In 1965, President Johnson called upon Marshall

Thurgood Marshall

to be the country’s next Solicitor General. Marshall was sworn into office, but only spent two years in the position. In 1967, the President appointed him as the first African-American to be an Associate Justice on the U.S. Supreme Court. Marshall’s voice was a liberal one that held great influence early on in his term.

Thurgood is famous for the Brown v. Board of Education case where “separate but equal” was held to be unconstitutional in public schools.

He is a hero for the Civil Rights Era and for the future

As a proponent of judicial activism, he believed that the United States had a moral imperative to move

where his determination, strength, and courage

progressively forward. He staunchly supported upholding individual rights, expanding civil rights, and

enabled him to stop racism and inequality

limiting the scope of criminal punishment. Justice William Brennan shared many of Marshall’s opinions

in schools by taking action.

and they usually voted in the same bloc. In Furman v. Georgia, these justices argued the death penalty

Thurgood Marshall, Happy Birthday.

was unconstitutional in all circumstances, and dissented from the subsequent overruling opinion, Gregg v.

Georgia, a few years later. He also made separate contributions to labor law (Teamsters v. Terry), securities law (TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.), and tax law (Cottage Savings Ass’n v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue). He had strong views on affirmative action and contributed greatly to opinions on constitutional law. Marshall maintained a down-to-earth style and would oftenjoke with Chief Justice Burger as they passed in the hallways by asking “What’s shakin’, Chief baby?”

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CLAUDETTE COLVIN Written By: Barbara Bullen When racism rears its ugly head against you should you take action to stop the pain you feel of being discriminated against the laws that aren’t right the laws to protect only whites!

Colvin lived in troubled times; times when segregation divided the nation so that Blacks took a back seat to the lives of Whites.

Segregation was the norm and the daily lives of all who traveled the public transit until Colvin took a stand.

In Montgomery, Alabama, Colvin is said to be a pioneer, one who led the way and helped end segregation on public transit.

When she was forcibly removed from the bus and arrested on March 2, 1955, her attorney, Fred Gray, along with four other plaintiffs filed a federal case, in Federal District Court, February 1, 1956, Browder vs. Gayle, to challenge segregation on public transit. A three-judge panel found the law unconstitutional which was appealed to the Supreme Court where it upheld the state court ruling, finding the law unconstitutional.

“Browder v. Gayle 142 F. Supp. 707 (M.D. Ala. 1956) Decided Jun 5, 1956 709 *709 RIVES, Circuit Judge. Statement of the Case. The

When one hears about the Civil Rights era, it immediately brings to mind activists; Martin Luther King, Jr.,

purpose of this action is to test the constitutionality of both the statutes of the State of Alabama and the ordinances of the

Rosa Parks and organizations like the NAACP and the Southern Christian

City of Montgomery which require the segregation of the white and colored races on the motor buses of the Montgomery City

Leadership Conference. There are also many other leaders and activists that are in history books throughout

Lines, Inc., *711 a common carrier of passengers in said City and its police jurisdiction.

the United States and the World. In 1955, a teenager stood up for her rights and was arrested even before the

1 2 711 1 Title 48, § 301(31a, b, c), Code of Alabama of 1940, as amended, which provide: “§301(31a).

infamous Rosa Parks stand. Rosa Parks, who worked for the

Separate accommodations for white and colored races. — All passenger stations in this state operated by any motor

NAACP as the secretary for the Montgomery Chapter, was arrested for not getting up from her seat for a

transportation company shall have separate waiting rooms or space and separate ticket windows for the white and colored

White man on a bus. Claudette Colvin, a Black teenager attended Booker T. Washington High School, only 15

races, but such accommodations for the races shall be equal. All motor transportation companies or operators of vehicles

at the time, didn’t want her constitutional rights violated even though segregation on public transit was the

carrying passengers for hire in this state, whether intrastate or interstate passengers, shall at all times provide equal but

law. Whites were to be seated in the front of the bus, and if there were no seats left for

separate accommodations on each vehicle for the white and colored races. The conductor or agent of the motor transportation

Whites than Blacks had to get up from their seats at the back for Whites to be seated.

company in charge of any vehicle is authorize and required to assign each passenger to the division of the vehicle designated

Colvin lived in troubled times; times when segregation divided the nation so that Blacks took a back seat to

for the race to which the passenger belongs; and, if the passenger refuses to occupy the division to which he is assigned,

the lives of Whites. Segregation was the norm and the daily lives of all who traveled the public transit until

the conductor or agent may refuse to carry the passenger on the vehicle; and, for such refusal, neither the conductor or

Colvin took a stand.

agent of the motor transportation company nor the motor transportation company shall be liable in damages. Any motor

In Montgomery, Alabama, Colvin is said to be a pioneer, one who led the way and helped end

transportation company or person violating the provisions of this section shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon

segregation on public transit. When she was forcibly removed from the bus and arrested on March 2,

conviction, shall be fined not more than five hundred dollars for each offense; and each day’s violation of this section shall

1955, her attorney, Fred Gray, along with four other plaintiffs filed a federal case, in Federal District Court,

constitute a separate offense. The provisions of this section shall be administered and enforced by the Alabama public service

February 1, 1956, Browder vs. Gayle, to challenge segregation on public transit. A three-judge panel found

commission in the manner in which provisions of the Alabama Motor Carrier Act of 1939 are administered and enforced. (1945,

the law unconstitutional which was appealed to the Supreme Court where it upheld the state court ruling,

p. 731, appvd. July 6, 1945.)”

finding the law unconstitutional.

When one hears about the Civil Rights era, it immediately brings to mind activists; Martin Luther King, Jr.,

For the complete case see below:

Rosa Parks and organizations like the NAACP and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. There are

https://www.freedomforuminstitute.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Browder-v.-Gayle.pdf

also many other leaders and activists that are in history books throughout the United States and the World.

In 1955, a teenager stood up for her rights and was arrested even before the infamous Rosa Parks stand.

According to Jonathan Gold in his article, “The Browder in Browder v. Gayle. On April 29, 1955, Aurelia Browder, like so many

Rosa Parks, who worked for the NAACP as the secretary for the Montgomery Chapter, was arrested for not

other black residents of Montgomery, was mistreated on a city bus. According to her testimony in the civil case, she was

getting up from her seat for a White man on a bus. Claudette Colvin, a Black teenager attended Booker T.

forced by the bus driver “to get up and stand to let a white man and a white lady sit down.” Three other plaintiffs, Mary Louise

Washington High School, only 15 at the time, didn’t want her constitutional rights violated even though

Smith, Claudette Colvin and Susie McDonald, had reported similar mistreatment. The cumulative effect of these “demeaning,

segregation on public transit was the law. Whites were to be seated in the front of the bus, and if there were

wretched, intolerable impositions and conditions,” as boycott organizer Jo Ann Robinson referred to them, inspired

no seats left for Whites than Blacks had to get up from their seats at the back for Whites to be seated.

Montgomery’s black community to begin developing plans for a boycott that eventually began after the arrest of Rosa Park.

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For further reading: https://www.learningforjustice.org/sites/default/files/general/TT53%20Browder%20v.%20Gayle.pdf “Nine months after Claudette Colvin’s arrest, local activist Rosa Parks took similar action. She refused to give up her bus seat to a white rider and got arrested. Colvin’s actions raised awareness, but Parks’s actions set off a boycott of the Montgomery bus lines. Thousands of Black residents rode the bus to work, often for white employers. After Parks’s arrest, though, they refused to ride for an entire year (National Youth Summit 2020).” https://americanhistory.si.edu/sites/default/files/file-uploader/NYS%20Case%20Study%E2%80%93S tudent%20Kit%20FINAL4.pdf Colvin’s case unlike Rosa Parks’s “was dropped by civil rights campaigners because Colvin was unmarried and pregnant during the proceedings.[6][7] It is now widely accepted that Colvin was not accredited by civil rights campaigners at the time due to her circumstances. Rosa Parks stated: “If the white press got ahold of that information, they would have [had] a field day.

The record of her arrest and adjudication of delinquency was expunged by the district court in 2021, with the support of the district attorney for the county in which the charges were brought more than 66 years before.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudette_Colvin When people, no matter their race, color or creed cannot take any more discriminatory and racist acts towards them, their only recourse is to take action. Humanity needs people like Colvin and the others who took a stand for their rights despite the consequences.

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Martin Luther King Jr. Day Written by: Barbara Bullen

join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual: Free at last! Free at last!

Thank God Almighty, we are free at last!

Martin Luther King Jr., (Michael King Jr., 1929-1968) known internationally throughout the world as one of the greatest mediators of all time, is honored yearly. Brought up as a Christian, he followed in his father’s

1964 saw the award of the Nobel Peace Prize to King for dismantling racial inequality through nonviolence. In 1965, Martin

footsteps (Martin Luther King, Sr.) by becoming a Baptist Minister. A man who took it upon himself to

was instrumental in organizing two marches from Selma to Montgomery in the fight for the right to vote with activists of the

eradicate discrimination against blacks along with his wife, Coretta Scott King, his leaders and activists,

Southern Christian Leadership Conference. In 1968, Martin was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee when he planned a national

helped dismantle the barriers that for so long held blacks from having equal rights. The civil rights

occupation of Washington, D.C.

movement which began in 1955 led to the enactment of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference of

Martin Luther King Jr. Day is King’s birthday which is a federal holiday signed into bill on November 3, 1983 by President Ronald

which Martin Luther King Jr. was the President. Martin’s mission was to do what ever was necessary in a non-

Reagan for the third Monday of each January.

violent way to dismantle discrimination, violence and oppression against blacks which included the use of

Martin Luther King Day In Ohio

civil disobedience.

For too long, the laws protected whites in order for blacks to be subservient. He was tired and so were blacks

MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. HOLIDAY COMMISSION

in the South, throughout the United States and around the world, so King participated in and led marches for their civil rights including the right to vote, desegregation and labor rights. King was also instrumental in the

“The Ohio Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission (Commission) was established in 1985 by Executive Order. Today, the

1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott which was a protest against the segregation policies of public transit.

DAS Administrative Support Division provides support to the commission.

December 5, 1955, the Monday after Rosa Parks sat in the white area of the bus and refused to give her

The Commission is a statewide advocate of Dr. King’s principles of nonviolence and annually honors Ohio’s citizens who work

seat to a white person, she was arrested due to the segregation laws on public transit, only permitting

to promote diversity and eliminate discrimination through nonviolent methods. Each year, the Commission presents awards to

her to sit in the back of the bus. King led many nonviolent protest marches and was the key figure helping

Ohioans to celebrate the life of Dr. King, whose teachings encourage nonviolent actions to secure equal rights for all Americans.

organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered a speech that electrified the nation with his “I

The commemorative celebration is held each January in downtown Columbus.

have a Dream speech” on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. Part of his speech is listed below because the

The Commission strives to carry out Dr. King’s dream of service to others throughout the entire year through various events

reinforcement of what King did for the world to change the discriminatory practices and laws need to be

(Ohio, Department of Administrative Services).”

remembered by all.

I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH

For further information on the 37th Annual MLK Awards please go their website: https://das.ohio.gov/Divisions/Equal-Opportunity/Martin-Luther-King-Jr-Holiday-Commission

Martin Luther King Jr

I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: “We hold these

“Awards are presented in the following categories.

truths to be self‐evident, that all men are created equal.”

•Governor’s Humanitarian Award

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, the sons of former slaves and the sons of former

•Individual Award

slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.

•Organization Award

I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice,

•Collaborative Effort Award

sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.

•Youth: Capturing the Vision of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.”

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.

King’s legacy continues throughout generations, never to be forgotten for what he did for mankind

I have a dream today!

And when this happens, when we allow freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God’s children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to

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Harriet Tubman Written by: Barbara Bullen

Harriet Tubman an abolitionist renown.

We thank God for her spirit, her strength and her love for her fellow men.

We’ll remember her birthday this March to tell her story of the love for mankind, despite the cruelty that she, the slaves and the fugitives received by the merciless slave masters bent on slavery.

“There is evidence to suggest that Tubman and her group stopped at the home of abolitionist and former slave Frederick Douglass.[63] In his third autobiography, Douglass wrote: “On one occasion I had eleven fugitives at the same time under my roof, and it was necessary for them to remain with me until I could collect sufficient money to get them on to Canada. It was the largest number I ever had at any one time, and I had some difficulty in providing so many with food and shelter. ... “[64] The number of travelers and the time of the visit make it likely that this was Tubman’s group.[63] Douglass and Tubman admired one another greatly as they both struggled against slavery. When an early biography of Tubman was being prepared in 1868, Douglass wrote a letter to honor her. He compared his own efforts with hers, writing: The difference between us is very marked. Most that I have done and suffered in the service of our cause has been in public, and I have received much encouragement at every step of the way. You, on the other hand, have labored in a private way. I

March 10 is the day on which it is said that Harriet Tubman (Araminta Ross) famously known as an

have wrought in the day – you in the night. ... The midnight sky and the silent stars have been the witnesses of your devotion to

abolitionist was born. As most Blacks who were born into slavery in the 1800s, Harriet was like them but

freedom and of your heroism. Excepting John Brown – of sacred memory – I know of no one who has willingly encountered more

became a hero when she escaped from slavery and helped other enslaved people escape from their masters

perils and hardships to serve our enslaved people than you have.[65]” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Tubman

or bondage.

In 11 years, Tubman helped rescue 70 slaves in what was said to have taken 13 trips that included family members. Tubman was

Harriet was born in Dorchester County, Maryland where she lived a horrific life like most slaves being beaten

called “Moses” because of her efforts to free and rescue the slaves from their slave masters and to help fugitives to escape to the

and whipped by her slave masters and even experiencing a life-threatening head injury that induced visions

north.

and dreams she attributed to the works of God. She became deeply religious because of her Methodist

She was devout and dedicated to God aided by visions, premonitions and the voice of God which is said to sometimes be

upbringing and these visions and dreams.

attributed to her head injury. Although a religious woman she would not hesitate to use a gun which she carried for her

“She often fought illness in her childhood, but as she grew older, the “sickly” young household girl grew

protection and the protection of the slaves, even to the point of using it on them if they ever turned back to their plantation.

stronger and even became a fieldhand. On a secluded plantation during her adolescence, Tubman attempted

“Despite the efforts of the slaveholders, Tubman and the fugitives she assisted were never captured. Years later, she told an

to warn an escaping slave that his master was nearby. She was caught between the slave and his master

audience: “I was conductor of the Underground Railroad for eight years, and I can say what most conductors can’t say – I never

when the two confronted each other. The master slung a lead weight at the escapee, but hit Tubman in the

ran my train off the track and I never lost a passenger.”[3]…

head. The force of the blow “broke her skull and drove a piece of her bandana” into her head. The head injury Scouting and the Combahee River Raid would cause her to have headaches, fainting spells, and visions for the rest of her life. In 1844, she married

“When Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, Tubman considered it an important step toward the goal of liberating

a free black man named John Tubman. Around this time, she hired a lawyer to investigate her family’s slave

all Black people from slavery.[107] She renewed her support for a defeat of the Confederacy, and in early 1863 she led a band of

contracts. The lawyer found her mother should have been freed at the age of 45, meaning that some of her

scouts through the land around Port Royal.[108] The marshes and rivers in South Carolina were similar to those of the Eastern

siblings should have been born free.”

Shore of Maryland; thus, her knowledge of covert travel and subterfuge among potential enemies was put to good use.[108]

https://www.crf-usa.org/images/pdf/gates/Harriet-Tubman-End-of-Slavey.pdf

Her group, working under the orders of Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, mapped the unfamiliar terrain and reconnoitered its

In the mid-1800s she escaped to Philadelphia to return to help those she left behind; she helped her family to

inhabitants. She later worked alongside Colonel James Montgomery, and provided him with key intelligence that aided in the

escape and led many others to their freedom.

capture of Jacksonville, Florida.[109]

“The Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 was part of the Compromise of 1850. This law required the United States

Later that year, Tubman became the first woman to lead an armed assault during the Civil War.[110] When Montgomery and

government to actively assist slave holders in recapturing freedom seekers. Under the United States

his troops conducted an assault on a collection of plantations along the Combahee River, Tubman served as a key adviser and

Constitution, slave holders had the right to reclaim slaves who ran away to free states. With the Fugitive

accompanied the raid.

Slave Law of 1850, the federal government had to assist the slave holders. No such requirement had existed

On the morning of June 2, 1863, Tubman guided three steamboats around Confederate mines in the waters leading to the shore.

previously.” https://ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Fugitive_Slave_Law_of_1850

[111] Once ashore, the Union troops set fire to the plantations, destroying infrastructure and seizing thousands of dollars worth

Harriet tried to find and help slaves in captivity escape and this included John Tubman who she later found

of food and supplies.[112]

out had remarried to a woman named Caroline thereby ending her quest to find him.

When the steamboats sounded their whistles, slaves throughout the area understood that they were being liberated. Tubman

Frederick Douglass an abolitionist was also said to have worked with Tubman in helping fugitives.

watched as slaves stampeded toward the boats. “I never saw such a sight”, she said later,[113] describing a scene of chaos with women carrying still-steaming pots of rice, pigs squealing in bags slung over shoulders, and babies hanging around their parents’ necks.

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Although their owners, armed with handguns and whips, tried to stop the mass escape, their efforts were nearly useless in the tumult.[112] As Confederate troops raced to the scene, steamboats packed full of slaves

The Ghost of the Mountains Written by: Erika S. Hanson

took off toward Beaufort.[114] More than 750 slaves were rescued in the Combahee River Raid.[115][113] Newspapers heralded Tubman’s

The snow leopard is one of nature’s most beautiful creatures. As of 2021, the snow leopard is no longer considered an

“patriotism, sagacity, energy, [and] ability”,[116] and she was praised for her recruiting efforts – most of the

endangered species. However, the population is still at risk due to illegal poaching and the encroachment of society into the

newly liberated men went on to join the Union army.[116] Tubman later worked with Colonel Robert Gould

cats’ habitat. So, although it has been moved from “endangered” to “vulnerable” on the Endangered Species list, the snow

Shaw at the assault on Fort Wagner, reportedly serving him his last meal.[117] She described the battle by

leopard is still at risk. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature, the snow leopard is still on track to lose

saying: “And then we saw the lightning, and that was the guns; and then we heard the thunder, and that was

over ten percent of its wild population over the next three generations.

the big guns; and then we heard the rain falling, and that was the drops of blood falling; and when we came

The natural habitat of the snow leopard

to get the crops, it was dead men that we reaped.”[118]

is primarily in the mountainous areas of

For two more years, Tubman worked for the Union forces, tending to newly liberated slaves, scouting into

Central Asia, Kyrgyzstan, and Pakistan.

Confederate territory, and nursing wounded soldiers in Virginia.[119] She also made periodic trips back to

Their defining features include a white pelt,

Auburn to visit her family and care for her parents.[120] The Confederacy surrendered in April 1865; after

with a pattern of dark rosettes and spots.

donating several more months of service, Tubman headed home to Auburn.[121]

Additionally, the leopard has a tail that is

During a train ride to New York in 1869, the conductor told her to move from a half-price section into the

longer than most other cats, in order to

baggage car. She refused, showing the government-issued papers that entitled her to ride there. He cursed at

assist with balance on steep mounds of

her and grabbed her, but she resisted and he summoned two other passengers for help. While she clutched

snow. Unfortunately, the snow leopard’s

at the railing, they muscled her away, breaking her arm in the process. They threw her into the baggage car,

distinctive coat makes it a prize for

causing more injuries. As these events transpired, other white passengers cursed Tubman and shouted for

poachers. The bones and other body parts

the conductor to kick her off the train.[122] Her act of defiance became a historical symbol, later cited when

are also used in traditional Asian medicine.

Rosa Parks refused to move from a bus seat in 1955.[123][124]” Snow leopards are known to be extremely

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Tubman

elusive. Their territory spans over twelve Harriet Tubman,

countries, and they live in snowy, mountainous terrain. This makes gathering data on the cat difficult. For this reason, the wild

your legacy and dream continues,

snow leopard population is believed to be between 4,000 and 6,500 in number, and researchers are unable to narrow down that

until the day when slavery, is abolished throughout the world.

number to a more specific figure.

In addition to poachers, snow leopards face a variety of other threats, including human encroachment on territory and “retaliatory killings”--the leopards are killed by farmers in the area to protect their livestock. Due to humans pushing further into their territory, snow leopards find it increasingly difficult to find food, not only due to industrialization, but because a snow leopard’s prey is also hunted by the surrounding humans.

Snow leopards are capable of bringing down prey that is up to three times their own weight. A typical diet would include blue sheep, Argali wild sheep, ibex, marmots, deer and other, smaller, animals. Because these animals are also consumed by humans, the number of prey in these mountainous areas is dwindling, leading the snow leopards to attack local livestock instead and the aforementioned retaliatory killings by farmers.

According to the Snow Leopard Trust, there has never been a verified instance of a snow leopard attacking a human. The Trust focuses its efforts on protecting the snow leopard by partnering with local communities and creating incentives for those communities to preserve snow leopards.

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A snow leopard can live between ten and twelve years in the wild. In captivity, their level of survival sharply increases to twice that, at 22 years. Snow leopards mature quickly. Initially, they are totally reliant on their mother, and their eyes do not open until they are seven days old. At two months old, cubs are able to eat solid food. At three months, they are able to learn basic hunting skills. Between 18 and 22 months, the cubs are ready to leave their mother. It is estimated that male snow leopards reach maturity by age four. Females maturation is harder to pin down, due to scant information.

However, it is estimated that a female snow leopard is ready to have her first litter by age three.

Mating season is the only time you will see more than one of these solitary cats. From January to midMarch, males and females travel together for a few days. Once that time is done, and the female leopard is pregnant, she retreats to a secluded den site.

Pregnancy typically lasts between 93 and 110 days. Her cubs are usually born that June or July, and she becomes their sole caretaker, providing food and warmth, and teaching them how to survive in the wild.

Once the cubs are ready, they separate from their mother and strike out on their own.

We continue to gather details about this “Ghost of the Mountains,” but information remains scarce. Their spotted white coats are unique, and unlike other big cats, they cannot roar, but can make other sounds such as a mew, purr, growl or hiss. They also make a low puffing sound called a “pusten” or “chuff.” This is a nonaggressive sound, and can indicate contentment, or be used to communicate with other snow leopards in the area. It is often used as a greeting.

There is still much to learn about these beautiful animals. Researchers continue their work with the people of Central Asia and the Himalayas to preserve and protect the snow leopard. Yet, the snow leopard remains elusive, which only adds to its mystique. Although sometimes misunderstood, this great cat is harmless to humans and is a key part in the planet’s continuing ecology.

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Malcolm X

Many who today hear me somewhere in person, or on television, or those who read something I’ve said, will think I

“No, I’m not an American. I’m one of the 22 million Black people

It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi first made me feel envy of his stock of knowledge.

Written by: Barbara Bullen

who are the victims of Americanism. One of the 22 million Black people who are the victims of democracy, nothing but disguised hypocrisy. So, I’m not standing here speaking to you as an American, or a patriot or a flag saluter, or a flag-waver-no not I.

went to school far beyond the eighth grade. This impression is due entirely to my prison studies.

Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversations he was in, and I had tried to emulate him. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really

I’m speaking as a victim of this American System.

ended up with little idea of what the book said. So I had come to the Norfolk Prison Colony still going through only

And I see America through the eyes of the victim.

book-reading motions. Pretty soon, I would have quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I

I don’t see any American dream; I see an American nightmare.”

“And why was he our ‘Shining Black Prince’?

Selected Quotes from Malcolm X: Nation Time: Spring 1997 https://freedomarchives.org/Documents/Finder/DOC513_scans/Malcolm_X/513.Malco lm.X.Selected.Quotes.pdf

did. I saw that the best thing I could do was get hold of a dictionary - to study, to learn some words. I was lucky enough to reason also that I should try to improve my penmanship. It was sad. I couldn’t even write in a straight line. It was both ideas together that moved me to request a dictionary along with some tablets and pencils from the Norfolk Prison Colony school.

One of the most influential figures of the Civil Rights Movement was Malcolm X. Unlike Dr. Martin

I spent two days just riffling uncertainly through the dictionary’s pages. I’d never realized so many words existed! I

Luther King Jr’s non-violent mission for equality and the end of discrimination not only for Blacks but

didn’t know which words I needed to learn. Finally, just to start some kind of action, I began copying.

for all races, Malcolm X commanded attention throughout the world.

In my slow, painstaking, ragged handwriting, I copied into my tablet everything printed on that first page, down to the

“Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little, later Malik el-Shabazz; May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) was an

punctuation marks.

African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist who was a prominent figure during the

I believe it took me a day. Then, aloud, I read back, to myself, everything I’d written on the tablet. Over and over, aloud,

civil rights movement. A spokesman for the Nation of Islam until 1964, he was a vocal advocate for

to myself, I read my own handwriting I woke up the next morning, thinking about those words - immensely proud to

black empowerment and the promotion of Islam within the black community.

realize that not only had I written so much at one time, but I’d written words that I never knew were in the world.

Malcolm spent his adolescence living in a series of foster homes or with

Moreover, with a little effort, I also could remember what many of these words meant. I reviewed the words whose

relatives after his father’s death and his mother’s hospitalization. He engaged in several illicit activities,

meanings I didn’t remember. Funny thing, from the dictionary first page right now, that “aardvark” springs to my mind.

eventually being sentenced to 10 years in prison in 1946 for larceny and breaking and entering.

The dictionary had a picture of it, a longtailed, long-eared, burrowing African mammal, which lives off termites caught

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X

by sticking out its tongue as an anteater does for ants.

Malcolm’s childhood was fraught with misfortune yet he never stopped looking forward to another day

I was so fascinated that I went on - I copied the dictionary’s next page. And the same experience came when I studied

in which to excel even to the extent of educating himself while in prison.

that. With every succeeding page, I also learned of people and places and events from history. Actually the dictionary is

“…Malcolm X was one of the most articulate and powerful leaders of black America during the 1960s.

like a miniature encyclopedia. Finally the dictionary’s A section had filled a whole tablet-and I went on into the B’s. That

A street hustler convicted of robbery in 1946, he spent seven years in prison, where he educated himself and became a disciple of Elijah Muhammad, founder of the Nation of Islam. In the days of the civil rights movement,

was the way I started copying what eventually became the entire dictionary. It went a lot faster after so much practice

Malcolm X emerged as the leading spokesman for black separatism, a philosophy that urged black Americans to

helped me to pick up handwriting speed. Between what I wrote in my tablet, and writing letters, during the rest of my

cut political, social, and economic ties with the white

time in prison I would guess I wrote a million words.

community. After a pilgrimage to Mecca, the capital of the Muslim world, in 1964, he became an orthodox Muslim, adopted the Muslim name El Hajj Malik El-Shabazz, and distanced himself from the teachings of the

I suppose it was inevitable that as my word-base broadened, I could for the first time pick up a book and read and now

black Muslims. He was assassinated in

begin to understand what the book was saying. Anyone who has read a great deal can imagine the new world that

1965. In the following excerpt from his autobiography (1965), coauthored with Alex Haley and published the year

opened. Let me tell you something: from then until I left that prison, in every free moment I had, if I was not reading in

of his death, Malcolm X describes his self-education…

the library, I was reading on my bunk. You couldn’t have gotten me

It was because of my letters that I happened to stumble upon starting to acquire some kind of a homemade education.

out of books with a wedge. Between Mr. Muhammad’s teachings, my correspondence,

I became increasingly frustrated. at not being able to express what I wanted to convey in letters that I wrote,

my visitors,... and my reading of books, months passed without my even thinking about

especially those to Mr. Elijah Muhammad. In the street, I had been the most articulate hustler out there - I had

being imprisoned. In fact, up to then, I never had been so truly free in my life.”

commanded attention when I said something. But now, trying to write simple English, I not only wasn’t articulate, I wasn’t even functional. How would I sound writing in slang, the way I would say it, something such as, “Look,

http://www.lattc.edu/Lattc/media/lattc_media/PDFs/Learning-to-Read-by-MalcolmX-PDF.pdf

daddy, let me pull your coat about a cat, Elijah Muhammad-“

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The Autobiography of Malcolm X New York, June 1965

CHAPTER ONE NIGHTMARE

Bimbi had always taken charge of any conversations he was in, and I had tried to emulate him. But every book I picked up had few sentences which didn’t contain anywhere from one to nearly all of the words that might as well have been in Chinese. When I just skipped those words, of course, I really ended up with little idea of what the book said.

So I had come to the Norfolk Prison Colony still going through only book-reading motions. Pretty soon, I would have

“When my mother was pregnant with me, she told me later, a party of hooded Ku Klux

quit even these motions, unless I had received the motivation that I did. I saw that the best thing I could do was get

Klan riders galloped up to our home in Omaha, Nebraska, one night. Surrounding the house,

hold of a dictionary - to study, to learn some words. I was lucky enough to reason also that I should try to improve my

brandishing their shotguns and rifles, they shouted for my father to come out. My mother went to

penmanship. It was sad. I couldn’t even write in a straight line. It was both ideas together that moved me to request a

the front door and opened it. Standing where they could see her pregnant condition, she told them

dictionary along with some tablets and pencils from the Norfolk Prison Colony school.

that she was alone with her three small children, and that my father was away, preaching, in

I spent two days just riffling uncertainly through the dictionary’s pages. I’d never realized so many words existed! I

Milwaukee. The Klansmen shouted threats and warnings at her that we had better get out of town

didn’t know which words I needed to learn. Finally, just to start some kind of action, I began copying.

because “the good Christian white people” were not going to stand for my father’s “spreading

In my slow, painstaking, ragged handwriting, I copied into my tablet everything printed on that first page, down to the

trouble” among the “good” Negroes of Omaha with the “back to Africa” preachings of Marcus

punctuation marks.

Garvey.

I believe it took me a day. Then, aloud, I read back, to myself, everything I’d written on the tablet. Over and over, aloud,

My father, the Reverend Earl Little, was a Baptist minister, a dedicated organizer for

to myself, I read my own handwriting I woke up the next morning, thinking about those words - immensely proud to

Marcus Aurelius Garvey’s U.N.I.A. (Universal Negro Improvement Association). With the help

realize that not only had I written so much at one time, but I’d written words that I never knew were in the world.

of such disciples as my father, Garvey, from his headquarters in New York City’s Harlem, was

Moreover, with a little effort, I also could remember what many of these words meant. I reviewed the words whose

raising the banner of black-race purity and exhorting the Negro masses to return to their ancestral

meanings I didn’t remember. Funny thing, from the dictionary first page right now, that “aardvark” springs to my mind.

African homeland-a cause which had made Garvey the most controversial black man on earth.

The dictionary had a picture of it, a longtailed, long-eared, burrowing African mammal, which lives off termites caught

Still shouting threats, the Klansmen finally spurred their horses and galloped around the

by sticking out its tongue as an anteater does for ants.

house, shattering every window pane with their gun butts. Then they rode off into the night, their

I was so fascinated that I went on - I copied the dictionary’s next page. And the same experience came when I studied

torches flaring, as suddenly as they had come.”

that. With every succeeding page, I also learned of people and places and events from history. Actually the dictionary is

https://antilogicalism.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/malcom-x.pd

like a miniature encyclopedia. Finally the dictionary’s A section had filled a whole tablet-and I went on into the B’s. That was the way I started copying what eventually became the entire dictionary. It went a lot faster after so much practice

Advocacy and teachings while with Nation

helped me to pick up handwriting speed. Between what I wrote in my tablet, and writing letters, during the rest of my

“From his adoption of the Nation of Islam in 1952 until he broke with it in 1964, Malcolm X promoted

time in prison I would guess I wrote a million words.

the Nation’s teachings. These included beliefs:

I suppose it was inevitable that as my word-base broadened, I could for the first time pick up a book and read and

• that black people are the original people of the world[99]

now begin to understand what the book was saying. Anyone who has read a great deal can imagine the new world

• that white people are “devils”[2] and

that opened. Let me tell you something: from then until I left that prison, in every free moment I had, if I was not

• that the demise of the white race is imminent.[3]

reading in the library, I was reading on my bunk. You couldn’t have gotten me out of books with a wedge. Between Mr.

Louis E. Lomax said that “those who don’t understand biblical prophecy wrongly label him as a racist

Muhammad’s teachings, my correspondence, my visitors,... and my reading of books, months passed without my even

and as a hate teacher, or as being anti-white or as teaching Black Supremacy”.[100] He was accused[ of

thinking about being imprisoned. In fact, up to then, I never had been so truly free in my life.”

being antisemitic.[101] In 1961, Malcolm X spoke at a NOI rally alongside George Lincoln Rockwell, the

http://www.lattc.edu/Lattc/media/lattc_media/PDFs/Learning-to-Read-by-MalcolmX-PDF.pdf

head of the American Nazi Party; Rockwell claimed that there was overlap between black nationalism

One of the goals of the civil rights movement was to end disenfranchisement of African Americans, but the Nation of

and white supremacy.[102]

Islam forbade its members from participating in voting and other aspects of the political process.[103] The NAACP and

Many who today hear me somewhere in person, or on television, or those who read something I’ve

other civil rights organizations denounced him and the Nation of Islam as irresponsible extremists whose views did not

said, will think I went to school far beyond the eighth grade. This impression is due entirely to my

represent the common interests of African Americans.[104][105]

prison studies.

Malcolm X was equally critical of the civil rights movement.[106] He called Martin Luther King Jr. a “chump”, and said

It had really begun back in the Charlestown Prison, when Bimbi first made me feel envy of his stock of

other civil rights leaders were “stooges” of the white establishment.[107][G] He called the 1963 March on Washington

knowledge.

“the farce on Washington”,[109] and said he did not know why so many black people were excited about a

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demonstration “run by whites in front of a statue of a president who has been dead for a hundred years and who didn’t like us when he was alive”.[110] While the civil rights movement fought against racial segregation, Malcolm X advocated the complete separation of African Americans from whites. He proposed that African Americans should return to Africa and that, in the interim, a separate country for black people in America should be created.[111][112] He rejected the civil rights movement’s strategy of nonviolence, arguing that black people should defend and advance themselves “by any means necessary”.[113] His speeches had a powerful effect on his audiences, who were generally African Americans in northern and western cities. Many of them—tired of being told to wait for freedom, justice, equality and respect[114]—felt that he articulated their complaints better than did the civil rights movement.[115][116]” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X Malcolm X a great but controversial leader is remembered by memorials and tributes that include the first home he was brought up in which is now a historical monument. Malcolm X is also portrayed in the movies, TV and on stage. ***** Malcolm X was a great leader known for his beliefs that not everyone liked. But he proved to everyone that despite being incarcerated for seven years he put his time to good use through selfeducation turning out to be the most prolific, educated speaker that there was in the United States.

We welcome the holiday that celebrates Malcolm X for we live in a democracy where both sides must be heard; the good, the bad and the ugly that rears its head because of the suffering, racial discrimination and fear and torture of Blacks.

Let us look forward to another day for great leaders to appear to lead us to justice for the benefit of all races in the United States

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THURSDAY, APRIL 21, 2022

BY KERRY MCDONALD

Self-directed education, grounded in play, is most beneficial for youth learning and development.

Boston College Psychology Professor: “School Has Become a Toxic Place for Children”

More families may be flocking to homeschooling and

refuse to say that publicly. The research can show it but

other schooling alternatives over the past two years,

it almost never gets picked up in the popular press,” he

but Peter Gray has been urging families to flee coercive

adds.

she launched her program, including the ups and downs

last fall, and were reluctant to send their children back.

of education entrepreneurship and her advice for aspir-

Many of the parents she heard from had pulled their

ing entrepreneurs who are dreaming of launching a

He talks about the disappearance of childhood play

children out of a district school for homeschooling during

similar microschool or schooling alternative.

and the corresponding rise in childhood mental health

the 2020/2021 academic year—something that millions

Ada’s story is familiar. Other parents and educators who

disorders, as well as why parents shouldn’t be too

of parents did that year, according to US Census Bureau

created informal “pandemic pods” and co-ops during

concerned about their children’s screen time use.

data. They wanted a place to send their children in fall

failure to adapt to the conditions of standard schooling.”

system becomes, the more it is driving people away, and that is good.”

Gray joins me on this week’s episode of the LiberatED Podcast to talk about the harms of forced schooling and

Gray believes that parents should remove their children

why self-directed education, grounded in play, is most

from standard schooling and embrace schooling

beneficial for youth learning and development.

alternatives that are centered on self-directed

In our conversation, Gray explains that standard schooling today is a key factor in the continuous rise in rates of childhood and adolescent anxiety, depression, and suicide. Its imposed, one-size-fits all curriculum, reliance on reward and punishment as

and pursue individual interests outside of school without the constant hovering of adults, children and adolescents become more melancholic and morose.

and families looking for services, but right now I do see tunity. The Massachusetts mother of three had been

drive up to an hour to get to us because there’s nothing

homeschooling, unschooling, Sudbury schooling, and

running playgroups and offering gatherings and activities

in their area.”

other forms of education that allow children to control

for homeschooled children throughout the pandemic

intellectual development and emotional well-being.

With the Associated Press recently reporting that homeschooling rates remain at record high levels this academic

response. She decided to make these offerings more

year despite school reopenings, and public school enroll-

formal. So, last August she leased a building in central

ment declines continuing, now is an ideal time for more

Massachusetts and launched Life Rediscovered, a home-

parents, educators, and innovators to build new K-12

school learning center that attracted dozens of children,

learning models.

ages 5 to 13. The children can attend part-time or fullListen to the weekly LiberatED Podcast on Apple,

time, and engage in Montessori-inspired learning activi-

Spotify, Google, and Stitcher, and sign up for Kerry’s

ties and plenty of play.

weekly LiberatED email newsletter to stay up-to-date

“We adults are constraining children’s lives, in school

“I don’t think there’s going to be any shortage of kids

people who are leaving coercive schooling for relaxed

may have positive, long-term effects on young people’s

increasingly deprived of opportunities to play, explore,

demand for such programs is enormous.

contending with various other school policies.

a shortage of services,” says Ada. “We have families that

schooling and toward other, often freer, learning models,

for learning and discovery. Stripped of these drives, and

and-mortar businesses as well. Ada thinks the parent

2021, but many didn’t want their kids masked all day or

education. “I’m cheered by the ever-growing stream of

The current exodus of families away from standard

curiosity and creativity erode learners’ powerful drives

school shutdowns evolved those programs into brick-

Ada decided to turn those complaints into an oppor-

their own learning,” he wrote in Free To Learn.

external motivators, and dismissal of natural childhood

Listen to the weekly LiberatED Podcast on Apple, Spotify, Google, and Stitcher, and sign up for Kerry’s weekly LiberatED email newsletter to stay up-to-date on educational news and trends from a free-market perspective.

on educational news and trends from a free-market

and out of school,” says Gray in our podcast discussion.

“School has become a toxic place for children, and we

about what was happening in their children’s schools

of diagnoses of ADHD, which Gray asserts is essentially “a

book Free To Learn: “The more oppressive the school

From Pandemic Playgroups to a Thriving Microschool: How One “Edupreneur” Met Rising Parent Demand for Schooling Alternatives On this week’s LiberatED podcast, Ada Salie shares how

link between standard schooling and skyrocketing rates

Boston College psychology professor wrote in his 2013

Now is an ideal time for more parents, educators, and innovators to build new K-12 learning models.

Ada Salie heard a lot of complaints. Parents were upset

Our discussion digs deeper into Gray’s research on the

schooling since long before the pandemic began. The

FRIDAY, APRIL 29, 2022

BY KERRY MCDONALD

perspective.

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Source: The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)

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‘’Marx has become relativized,” Loren Graham, a historian at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, told the Times.

Graham was just one of a dozen of the scholars the Times spoke to, a mix of economists, legal scholars, historians, sociologists, and literary critics. Most of them seemed to reach the same conclusion as Graham.

Marxism was not dying, it was mutating. ‘’Marxism and feminism, Marxism and deconstruction, Marxism and race - this is where the exciting debates are,’’ Jonathan M. Wiener, a professor of history at the University of California at Irvine, told the paper.

Marxism was still thriving, Barringer concluded, but not in the social sciences, “where there is a possibility of practical application,” but in abstract fields such as literary criticism.

A Strategic Shift Marxism was not defeated. The Marxists had just staked out new turf.

And it was a highly strategic move. “Practical application” of Marxism had proven disastrous. Communism had been tried as a governing philosophy and had failed catastrophically, leading to mass starvation, impoverishment, persecution, and murder. But, in the ivory tower of the American university system, professors could inculcate Marxist ideas in THURSDAY, SEPT 10, 2020

BY JON MILTIMORE

The lesson of 1989 is that today’s culture and ideas are tomorrow’s politics and policies.

the minds of their students without risk of being refuted by reality.

Yet, it wasn’t happening in university economics departments, because Marxism’s credentials in that discipline were

The New York Times Reported ‘the Mainstreaming of Marxism in US Colleges’ 30 Years Ago. Today, We See the Results

too tarnished by its “practical” track record. Instead, Marxism was thriving in English departments and other more

In August 1989, Poland’s parliament did the unthinkable.

their own transformation from brash, beleaguered out-

The Soviet satellite state elected an anti-communist as its

siders to assimilated academic insiders,” wrote Felicity

new prime minister.

Barringer.

After absorbing Marxist ideas (even when those ideas weren’t called “Marxist”), generations of university graduates

There were notable differences, however. The stark, The world waited with bated breath to see what would

unmistakable contrast between the grinding poverty of

happen next. And then it happened: nothing.

the Communist nations and the prosperity of Western economies had obliterated socialism’s claim to economic

When no Soviet tanks deployed to Poland to crush the

superiority.

rebels, political movements in other nations—first Hungary, followed by East Germany, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia

As a result, orthodox Marxism, with its emphasis on eco-

and Romania—soon followed in what became known as

nomics, was no longer in vogue. Traditional Marxism was

the Revolutions of 1989.

“retreating” and had become “unfashionable,” the Times reported.

The collapse of Communism had begun. ‘’There are a lot of people who don’t want to call themselves Marxist,” Eugene D. Genovese, an eminent Marxist

‘Marx’s Ideological Heirs’

academic, told the Times. (Genovese, who died in 2012,

On October 25, 1989, a mere two months after Poland’s pivotal election, the New York Times published an article, headlined “The Mainstreaming of Marxism in US Colleges,” describing a strange and seemingly paradoxical

later abandoned socialism and embraced traditional conservatism after rediscovering Catholicism.)

Marxism wasn’t truly retreating, however. It was simply

phenomenon. Even as the world’s great experiment in

abstract disciplines.

In these studies, economics was downplayed, and other key aspects of the Marxist worldview came to the fore. The Marxist class war doctrine was still emphasized. But instead of capital versus labor, it was the patriarchy versus women, the racially privileged versus the marginalized, etc. Students were taught to see every social relation through the lens of oppression and conflict.

carried those ideas into other important American institutions: the arts, media, government, public schools, even eventually into human resources departments and corporate boardrooms. (This is known as “the long march through the institutions,” a phrase coined by Communist student activist Rudi Dutschke, whose ideas were influenced by early twentieth-century Marxist theoretician Antonio Gramsci.)

Indeed, it was recently revealed that federal agencies have spent millions of taxpayer dollars on programs training employees to acknowledge their “white privilege.” These training programs are also found in countless schools and corporations, and people who have questioned the appropriateness of these programs have found themselves summarily fired.

A huge part of today’s culture is a consequence of this movement. Widespread “wokeness,” all-pervasive identity politics, victimism, cancel culture, rioters self-righteously destroying people’s livelihoods and menacing passersby: all largely stem from Marxist presumptions (especially Marxism’s distorted fixations on oppression and conflict) that have been incubating in the universities, especially since the late 80s.

As it turned out, what was happening in American universities in 1989 was just as pivotal as what was happening in European parliaments.

Especially in an election year, it can be easy to fixate on the political fray. But the lesson of 1989 is that today’s culture and ideas are tomorrow’s politics and policies.

adapting to survive.

That is why the fate of freedom rests on education.

American universities.

Watching the upheaval in Poland and other Eastern bloc

To advance the cause of freedom for today and tomorrow, please support the Foundation for Economic Education.

“As Karl Marx’s ideological heirs in Communist nations

would not “give way to socialism” anytime soon. But this

Marxism was collapsing for all to see, Marxist ideas were taking root and becoming mainstream in the halls of

nations had convinced even Marxists that capitalism would cause an evolution of Marxist ideas, not an aban-

struggle to transform his political legacy, his intellectual

donment of them.

heirs on American campuses have virtually completed

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Correction: This article originally stated that Gramsci coined the phrase “the long march through the institutions.”

Source: The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)

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Now, neither my amendment nor the legislature’s law gives parents carte blanche permission to neglect or endanger their children. Rather, the law encourages law enforcement to work on a case-by-case basis instead of equating lack of immediate supervision with endangerment.

The law does not set specific ages but rather stresses that children need their parents’ permission and need to be mature enough to handle the activity in which they are engaged.

It is parents who are best suited to gauge what kind of experience a child is mature enough to handle. And it should be the child’s maturity and the activity involved, not government intimidation, that informs a parent’s decision.

Hopefully, other states will follow Utah’s example and in a few years, parks, sidewalks, jungle gyms, and basketball courts will be full of more free-range kids from coast to coast.

Source: The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)

SATURDAY, APRIL 7, 2018

BY MIKE LEE

In the age of helicopter parenting, free-range parenting is under attack.

Free-Range Parenting Makes for Responsible Kids.

We Shouldn’t Penalize It It’s a scene as American as apple pie. Neighborhood

skills. They teach them the joy of play, physical activity,

children are playing together at a park. Then, as the

and how to entertain themselves. It socializes them and

sun starts to fade and their stomachs start to rumble,

shows them how to compromise, empathize, and communicate with their peers.

the children scatter and begin the journey back to their various homes for dinner and an evening of homework

And, maybe most importantly, these experiences show

before bed.

children they are capable of accomplishing things on

But in the age of helicopter parenting, this is happening

their own.

less and less.

These skills are essential in productive, self-sufficient

Kids Learn from Parent-Free Experiences

adults, and the government should not be intimidating

Lenore Skenazy popularized this issue when she wrote

children.

parents from deciding how best to cultivate them in their

about allowing her 9-year-old to ride the New York City subway by himself. Her child wanted to ride and navigate

Protect Free-Range Parenting

the subway alone, and after convincing his parents that

This is why I pushed to include a “free-range” parenting

he was capable of doing so, they allowed it.

amendment in 2015 Every Student Succeeds Act. While I was unable to support the bill as a whole, the amendment to this K-12 education bill stated that parents

The backlash was immediate. She was even dubbed the

should not be penalized for allowing their children to

“worst mom in America” for “endangering” her child.

walk or bike themselves to school as long as they had

But her story brought even more disturbing stories

their parent’s permission.

into the public eye: cases of parents being investigated or prosecuted for simply allowing their kids to walk to

Just last month, the governor of my home state of

school or play in the park by their house without direct

Utah signed the state’s free-range parenting bill that

parental supervision.

expanded on that idea. The bill, the first of its kind in the nation, allows kids the freedom to be self-sufficient. This

What makes this concerning is that it’s these types of

includes walking by themselves to school, playing out-

predictable, parent-free experiences that teach children

side unsupervised, or even sitting in a car by themselves

to use their judgment and to develop problem-solving

while their parents run an errand.

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Great Britain experienced similar trends. In 1996, Edwin West wrote in “The Spread of Education Before Compulsion in Britain and America in the Nineteenth Century” that “when national compulsion was enacted ([in 1880], over 95 percent of fifteen-year-olds were literate.” More than a century later, “40 percent of 21-year-olds in the United Kingdom admit[ted] to difficulties with writing and spelling.”

Laws against the education of black slaves date back to as early as 1740, but the desire to read proved too strong to prevent its steady growth even under bondage. For purposes of religious instruction, it was not uncommon for slaves to be taught reading but not writing. Many taught themselves to write, or learned to do so with the help of others willing to flout the law. Government efforts to outlaw the education of blacks in the Old South may not have been much more effective than today’s drug laws. If you wanted it, you could find it.

Estimates of the literacy rate among slaves on the eve of the Civil War range from 10 to 20 percent. By 1880, nearly 40 percent of southern blacks were literate. In 1910, half a century before the federal government involved itself in K-12 funding, black literacy exceeded 70 percent and was comparable to that of whites.

Daniel Lattier explained in a 2016 article titled “Did Public Schools Really Improve American Literacy?” that a government school system is no guarantee that young people will actually learn to read and write well. He cites the shocking findings of a study conducted by the US Department of Education: “32 million of American adults are illiterate, 21 percent read below a 5th grade level, and 19 percent of high school graduates are functionally illiterate, which means they can’t read well enough to manage daily living and perform tasks required by many jobs.”

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 29, 2020

BY LAWRENCE W. REED

Early America had widespread literacy and a vibrant culture of learning.

Compulsory government schools were not established in America because of some widely-perceived failure of private education, which makes it both erroneous and self-serving for the government school establishment to propagate the

The Myth that Americans Were Poorly Educated before Mass Government Schooling

myth that Americans would be illiterate without them.

As Kerry McDonald wrote in “Public Schools Were Designed to Indoctrinate Immigrants,” the prime motivation for government schooling was something much less benign than a fear of illiteracy. Her remarkable 2019 book, Unschooled: Raising Curious, Well-Educated Children Outside the Conventional Classroom, explains the viable, self-directed alter-

Parents the world over are dealing with massive adjust-

field, Lincoln’s Battle With God: A President’s Struggle

natives that far outclass the standardized, test-driven, massively expensive and politicized government schooling of

ments in their children’s education that they could not

With Faith and What It Meant for America. It traces the

today.

have anticipated just three months ago. To one degree or

spiritual journey of America’s 16th president—from fiery

If you’re looking for a good history of how America traveled the path of literacy to a national education crisis, you can

another, pandemic-induced school closures are creating

atheist to one whose last words to his wife on that tragic

the “mass homeschooling” that FEE’s senior education

evening at Ford’s Theater were a promise to “visit the

fellow Kerry McDonald predicted two months ago. Who

Holy Land and see those places hallowed by the foot-

knows, with millions of youngsters absent from govern-

steps of the Savior.”

ment school classrooms, maybe education will become

find it in a recent, well-documented book by Justin Spears and associates, titled Failure: The History and Results of America’s School System. The way in which government short-changes parents, teachers, and students is heart-breaking.

I promised to share a passage from Stephen Mansfield’s book, so now I am pleased to deliver it. Read it carefully, and let it soak in:

as good as it was before the government ever got

In a moment, I’ll cite a revealing, extended passage from

involved.

Mansfield’s book but first, I’d like to offer some excellent,

We should remember that the early English settlers in the New World left England accompanied by fears that they would pursue their

related works that come mostly from FEE’s own archives.

“errand into the wilderness” and become barbarians in the process. Loved ones at home wondered how a people could cross an ocean

“What?” you exclaim! “Wasn’t education lousy or non-ex-

In 1983, Robert A. Peterson’s “Education in Colonial

and live in the wild without losing the literacy, the learning, and the faith that defined them. The early colonists came determined to

istent before government mandated it, provided it, and

America” revealed some stunning facts and figures. “The

defy these fears. They brought books, printing presses, and teachers with them and made the founding of schools a priority. Puritans

Federalist Papers, which are seldom read or understood

subsidized it? That’s what my government schoolteach-

today even in our universities,” explains Peterson, “were

ers assured me so it must be true,” you say!

written for and read by the common man. Literacy rates

The fact is, at least in early America, education was bet-

were as high or higher than they are today.” Incredi-

ter and more widespread than most people today realize

bly, “A study conducted in 1800 by DuPont de Nemours

or were ever told. Sometimes it wasn’t “book learning”

revealed that only four in a thousand Americans were

but it was functional and built for the world most young

unable to read and write legibly” [emphasis mine].

people confronted at the time. Even without laptops and

Well into the 19th Century, writes Susan Alder in “Edu-

swimming pools, and on a fraction of what government

cation in America,” “parents did not even consider that

schools spend today, Americans were a surprisingly

the civil government in any way had the responsibility

learned people in our first hundred years.

or should assume the responsibility of providing for the education of children.” Only one state (Massachusetts)

I was reminded a few days ago of the amazing achieve-

even had compulsory schooling laws before the Civil War,

ments of early American education while reading the

yet literacy rates were among the highest in our history.

enthralling book by bestselling author Stephen Mans-

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founded Boston in 1630 and established Harvard College within six years. After ten years they had already printed the first book in the colonies, the Bay Psalm Book. Many more would follow. The American colonists were so devoted to education—inspired as they were by their Protestant insistence upon biblical literacy and by their hope of converting and educating the natives—that they created a near-miraculous culture of learning.

This was achieved through an educational free market. Colonial society offered “Dame schools,” Latin grammar schools, tutors for hire, what would today be called “home schools,” church schools, schools for the poor, and colleges for the gifted and well-to-do. Enveloping these institutions of learning was a wider culture that prized knowledge as an aid to godliness. Books were cherished and well-read. A respected minister might have thousands of them. Sermons were long and learned. Newspapers were devoured, and elevated discussion of ideas filled taverns and parlors. Citizens formed gatherings for the “improvement of the mind”—debate societies and reading clubs and even sewing circles at which the latest books from England were read.

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The intellectual achievements of colonial America were astonishing. Lawrence Cremin, dean of American education historians, estimated the literacy rate of the period at between 80 and 90 percent. Benjamin Franklin taught himself five languages and was not thought exceptional. Jefferson taught himself half a dozen, including Arabic. George Washington was unceasingly embarrassed by his lack of formal education, and yet readers of his journals today marvel at his intellect and wonder why he ever felt insecure. It was nothing for a man—or in some cases a woman—to learn algebra, geometry, navigation, science, logic, grammar, and history entirely through self-education. A seminarian was usually required to know Greek, Hebrew, Latin, French and German just to begin his studies, instruction which might take place in a log classroom and on a dirt floor.

This culture of learning spilled over onto the American frontier. Though pioneers routinely moved beyond the reach of even basic education, as soon as the first buildings of a town were erected, so too, were voluntary societies to foster intellectual life. Aside from schools for the young, there were debate societies, discussion groups, lyceums, lecture associations, political clubs, and always, Bible societies.

The level of learning these groups encouraged was astounding. The language of Shakespeare and classical literature—at the least Virgil, Plutarch, Cicero, and Homer—so permeated the letters and journals of frontier Americans that modern readers have difficulty understanding that generation’s literary metaphors. This meant that even a rustic Western settlement could serve as a kind of informal frontier university for the aspiring. It is precisely this legacy and passion for learning that shaped young Abraham Lincoln during his six years in New Salem.

Not bad for a society that hardly even knew what a government school was for generations, wouldn’t you say? Why should we blindly assume today that we couldn’t possibly get along without government schools? Instead, we should

FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2022

BY KERRY MCDONALD

The growing interest in and supply of hybrid schooling across the country reflect a larger educational trend away from traditional schooling and toward innovative, decentralized solutions.

be studying how remarkable it was that we did so well without them.

How Hybrid Schools Are Reshaping Education

When I think of the many ways that government deceives us into its embrace, one in particular really stands out: It

They’re not exactly schools, but they’re not homeschools

seeks to convince us how helpless we would be without it. It tells us we can’t do this, we can’t do that, that government possesses magical powers beyond those of mere mortals and that yes, we’d be dumb as dirt and as destitute as drifters if we didn’t put it in charge of one thing or another.

either. They have elements of structured curriculum and

The ability of these schools to emerge in varied and

institutional learning, while offering maximum educa-

spontaneous ways to meet local learning needs, and to

When it comes to education, Americans really should know better. Maybe one positive outcome of the virus pandemic

off-site community of teachers and learners, and prior-

is that they will rediscover that they don’t need government schools as much as the government told them they do. In

itize abundant time at home with family. They are not

fact, we never did.

cheap but they are also not exorbitant, with annual tui-

Source: The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)

define their communities however they see fit, exempli-

tional freedom and flexibility. They provide a consistent,

https://fee.org/

fies the promise of free-market education solutions and the process of voluntary exchange. The unique structure of hybrid schools makes it easier for entrepreneurial parents and educators to open one, and often enables them

tion costs typically half that of traditional private schools.

to avoid government regulation and oversight that can limit innovation and experimentation.

Hybrid schools are, in the words of Kennesaw State Uni-

In their new paper on hybrid schooling, Wearne and

versity Professor Eric Wearne, the “best of both worlds,”

his colleague John Thompson, acknowledge that the

drawing out the top elements of both schooling and

autonomy and independence of these schools are

homeschooling while not being tied too tightly to either

among their attributes. “One can imagine the policy and

learning model.

regulatory issues that may arise from a set of schools who custom-design themselves in ways that may make

Wearne studies hybrid schools and is the director of the

them impossible for states and localities to categorize

National Hybrid Schools Project which seeks to better

consistently,” they write. “This may pose problems for policymakers, but for these schools, this bespoke nature

understand this educational approach and why it’s been

is a feature, not a bug. These schools tend to avoid the

gaining popularity in recent years. Wearne joined me on

political battles involved in startup charter schools, and

this week’s episode of the LiberatED Podcast to talk more

are less of a financial lift to create compared to five-day,

about hybrid schools and how they are reshaping Ameri-

conventional private schools.”

can education.

In his earlier research, including his 2020 book on the

Hybrid schools are as diverse as the people who launch

topic, Wearne found that hybrid schools satisfy a rising

them and the communities they serve. Some of these

demand by families for smaller, more personalized, more

schools think of themselves as a group of homeschool-

family-centered learning models rather than larger, more

ers that comes together in a physical building for formal

standardized conventional schooling. In fact, Wearne

learning several times a week, while other hybrid schools

found that most of the hybrid school students in his sam-

think of themselves as formal private schools that meet

ple had attended public

on a part-time basis.

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schools prior to enrolling in a hybrid school, and most said they’d prefer full-time homeschooling, rather than full-time private schooling, if they could. Parents also indicated that they were much more satisfied with their children’s hybrid school than with their previous schools.

The growing interest in and supply of hybrid schools across the country reflect a larger educational trend away from traditional schooling and toward innovative, decentralized solutions. Keeping government regulation and intrusion at bay will help hybrid schools and similar models expand and evolve to meet the distinct preferences and needs of local learning communities, and will introduce a greater variety of interesting and affordable educational options for families.

Learn more about hybrid schools on the latest episode of the LiberatED Podcast, available on Apple, Spotify, Google, and Stitcher.

And sign up for Kerry’s weekly LiberatED email newsletter to stay up-to-date on educational news and trends from a free-market perspective.

Source: The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)

https://fee.org/

FRIDAY, APRIL 1, 2022

BY PAUL BOYCE

By continuing along with this standardized type of schooling, we are putting millions at a disadvantage.

Schools Are Outdated. It’s Time For Reform The public education system we currently know has been

tion, and regurgitation: Tests infrequently harness the

around for more than 150 years. However, the basic

analytical mind. They train students to know the answers.

schooling model remains the same. Roughly 20 to 30 kids

However, they don’t train them on how to find the answers.

of the same age are stuffed into a classroom and taught

Faculty aspire to develop students’ thinking skills, but

by one teacher.

research shows that in practice, we tend to aim at facts

Even though the curricula have developed, the essence

and concepts in the disciplines, at the lowest cognitive

has stayed the same. Children are still taught in a stand-

levels, rather than the development of intellect or values.

ardized and industrialized way. As with anything that comes from centralized control, it is highly inefficient,

Critical thinking is key to creating free and individual

bureaucratic, and wasteful.

minds. It is also increasingly important in today’s age, where the line between information and facts is so fine.

Yes, the overall educational system has changed in many

In fact, 95 percent of statistics are made up. A critical

regards. However, the way we are taught has not. A

mind will question where this actually came from. Where

teacher at the front and the children seated is the optimal way to learn for some students, but others struggle in this environment.

The issue we have today is that students are taught to

Children learn best in different ways. Some children are

test. Whether the information makes sense or not is irrel-

best suited to learn through visual stimulation. Others may learn best through hands-on education. The reality is that the current educational system doesn’t really accommodate any learning style, nor does it aim for anything

evant as long as it is correct. This comes at a cost. Schools teach students what to think as opposed to how to think.

There are important critical skills that aren’t taught. Do

other than high test scores.

students truly question whatever they read or accept

Let Children Be Children and Enhance Their Minds

as it confirms their biases? The current system is failing

any claim blindly? Or, perhaps, do they accept it as long

Children rarely are allowed to be children. Play is stifled.

because it is offering the wrong type of education. We

Students are crammed into a classroom and taught in

must develop individual minds, not mindless zombies.

Learning Styles

a standardized way. Creativity is restricted. They aren’t allowed to harness their inquisitive minds. Questioning

Each child is unique in their own right. Each has a differ-

things is part of the analytic mind and a key to societal

ent personality and preferred way of learning. Under the

development, but this takes a backseat to examinations.

current system, each child is bundled under one standardized umbrella. When considering the different types of

The very nature of tests relies on memorization, repeti-

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did this statistic come from? Is it actually reliable?

learners, it is easy to see why some get left behind.

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The four learning styles include: visual learners, auditory learners, reading/writing learners, and kinesthetic learners.

However, the idea of learning styles is not definitive. That is to say that you are not exclusively one type of learner or another.

Research from Pashler et al. disputes the evidence of specific learning styles.

Rather, these learning styles are preferences rather than “hard-coded.” This is to say that these preferred learning styles can change over time. When a specific learning style is preferred, it is easier for students to take in that information. For example, some students may prefer visual stimulation to emphasize a point, so graphs and charts may be useful. If this engages the students, they take more in. This inevitably affects educational outcomes.

Kinaesthetic learners are probably the biggest anomaly in the classroom. For students who learn best by being active, the classroom is the last place to be. It is no wonder why there are always a few individuals who are consistently disengaged. These individuals are often sporty and have high levels of energy. The traditional football captain who struggles to maintain his place on course may spring to mind. By continuing along with this standardized type of schooling, we are putting millions at a disadvantage.

Educational Stagnation Whether you buy into learning styles or not, it is evident that the current classroom system is outdated. Literacy rates have stagnated since 1971, while there has been no progress in math since 1990. So what are the causes of this stagnation?

The New York Times would have you believe the issue is underfunding. Throwing more money at something is a classic proposal used by modern-day liberals. This problem cannot be solved with money alone, however. Kansas City, Missouri, provides us with a perfect example. It currently spends roughly 63 percent of its entire budget on schooling.

FRIDAY, JANUARY 31, 2020

BY LAURA WILLIAMS

In “tuition towns,” the funds local governments expect to spend per pupil are instead given directly to the parents of school-age children.

At the same time, it is receiving little value for the money. Outcomes are average, but mathematic results are particu-

93 Vermont Towns Have No Public Schools, But Great

larly poor. Countries such as Vietnam, Hungary, and Slovakia score higher.

In just a couple of weeks, 50 boys with learning disabili-

Testing Is Outdated

ties will take to a stage in Vermont, one after the other, to

Benefiting from the best-funded school facilities in the country, student performance has failed to improve. Furthermore, the US spends more on education than any other OECD country besides Norway.

So why is testing such a bad thing? It teaches children how to absorb information. Children “learn for a test.” However,

recite the Gettysburg Address from memory. It’s a daring

Tuition Towns and the Families They Serve Ninety-three Vermont towns (36 percent of its 255 municipalities) have no government-run school at all. If there

experiment undertaken each February at the Greenwood

were enough kids, the pot of public money earmarked

robiologists Blake Richards and Paul Frankland suggests it isn’t very long.

School and its population of boys who’ve struggled in

for education would be used to buy a building and hire

According to the neurobiologists, the brain quickly disregards information that is no longer required. Forgetting is an

public schools. Diagnosed with ADD, dyslexia, and exec-

teachers. In these towns, the funds local governments

evolutionary strategy to promote the survival of the species. Richards and Frankland state:

utive function impairments, Greenwood’s boys stand

From this perspective, forgetting is not necessarily a failure of memory. Rather, it may represent an investment in a more optimal mne-

before an auditorium full of people (and once even a Ken

monic strategy.

Burns documentary crew) to recite powerful words many

It is true that repetition can help with memory retention. However, if that specific memory is not recalled, it is even-

adults would struggle to retain.

once the test is taken, is the information truly absorbed? How long does it stay present in the mind? Research by neu-

tually forgotten. Further research from Bacon and Stewart studied individual students for up to two years following course completion. They concluded that most of the knowledge gained during the course was lost within two years.

It is clear that the current system is generally based upon memory—who can memorize the most information to prepare for the test. Is this really arming kids with the tools they need for adulthood?

expect to spend per pupil are instead given directly to the parents of school-age children.

This method gives lower- and middle-income parents the same superpower wealthy families have always had: school choice. Kids aren’t assigned to public schools by zip

Many of these young men are residents of Vermont’s

code⁠—instead, parents have the ability to put their kids

“tuition towns.” Too small and sparsely populated to

in school anywhere, to buy the educational experience

support a traditional public school, these towns distribute

Potential Solutions One potential solution for education would be to start “formal” schooling at age seven. Research from the University of Cambridge concludes that there are benefits of later starts to formal education. This evidence relates to the contribution of playful experiences to children’s development as learners and the consequences of starting formal learning at the age of four to five years of age.

government education funds to parents, who choose the ily’s needs. If the school doesn’t perform up to parents’

Better Outcomes, Similar Costs

expectations, they can take their children, and the tuition

So how much money are we talking about? As far as

incentive to “teach to test.” It’s about memorizing as much information as possible rather than learning how to think.

The Greenwood School is one of more than 100 inde-

Furthermore, the testing culture is putting a strain on both teachers’ and students’ mental health. Test results are the

pendent schools in the tiny state of Vermont (population:

Thirdly, school vouchers are a viable option. There are already a number of states that have experimented with this.

Mostly, there has been large success across the board. The benefits of school choice are widely documented. The vast

Connecticut, and DC spent more). But independent, tuition-driven schools spend $5,000 less, on average, than public schools in the area, which is near the national

schools (the city school districts of Denver and Albu-

average.

querque have more students, and some county districts are twice as large). How can Vermont sustain such a rich

engagement are also enhanced.

Source: The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)

network of educational options?

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high by national standards (only New Jersey, New York,

626,000). The whole state has just 90,000 students in K-12

majority of existing studies find positive effects. Not only are test scores improved, but graduation rates and civic

income distribution, Vermont looks a lot like the national average. The per-student expenditure of $18,290 is

There also needs to be a reduction in the level of testing. We have developed a system whereby teachers have a strong

culture would not only reduce teacher and student stress but also relieve teacher turnover rates.

out, they can change it the following year and try a school that might better fit their child’s needs.

educational experience that is best suited to their fam-

dollars they control, elsewhere.

be-all and end-all. It is for that reason that many teachers are already leaving the profession. Reforming this testing

best suited to each child. If that decision doesn’t work

In many other parts of the country, even the most “progressive” ones, government-run schools consume evermore resources while doing little to address disparities

https://fee.org/

of outcome. The promise of equal opportunity through

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public education continues to fall short, and lower-income families are the most likely to feel trapped by the lack of choices. A variety of schools has arisen to compete for these tuition dollars. A spectrum from centuries-old academies to innovative, adaptive, and experimental programs competes for students from tuition towns, just as for the children of independently wealthy families.

Eligibility for tuition vouchers actually increased home values in towns that closed their public schools. Outsiders were eager to move to these areas, and the closure of public schools actually made at least some people already living nearby significantly wealthier as their home values rose, according to real estate assessments.

Because parents, not bureaucrats or federal formulas, determine how funds are allocated, schools are under high economic pressure to impress parents⁠—that is, to serve students best in their parents’ eyes.

Educational Alternatives = Comparative Advantages The Compass School, nestled on the New Hampshire border, enrolls 80-100 high school students from three states and a mix of demographics. Forty percent of students qualify for subsidized lunch (the school system’s proxy for poverty), and 30 percent have special learning needs.

Nearly any public school in the country with Compass’ student population (considered mid-poverty) would be aspiring to a 75 percent graduation rate and a 60 percent college-readiness rate. Compass has a virtually 100 percent graduation rate, and 90 percent of graduates are accepted to college. And still, Compass achieves these results with $5,500 less funding-per-pupil than the average Vermont government-run public high school.

Emergent programming for children with physical, intellectual, or behavioral challenges provides a 22-school menu of accountable, adaptive alternatives to public school remediation. Increasingly, “mainstreaming” students with these challenges has become a priority at larger high schools, which compete to serve special-needs students as fiercely as any other.

Room to Grow? Watch for More Tuition Towns Having watched these models develop nearby, two more Vermont towns voted in 2013 to close their government-run schools and become “tuition towns” instead. The local public elementary and high schools there closed and reopened as independent competitors in an increasingly rich marketplace of education options. We eagerly wait to see what the innovative combination of private control and public investment can bring to students in those areas.

Can Vermont’s quirky school program work elsewhere? Probably. An independent evaluation by the Ethan Allen Institute, a free-market think tank in Vermont, reported: ...an expansion of Vermont’s publicly funded tuition model can be an effective way to lower costs, improve student outcomes, achieve greater diversity in the classroom, and increase parental satisfaction with and participation in their children’s education.

Wealthy parents will always have school choice. They have the power to choose the best opportunity and the best fit for their individual child. Tuition towns—where all parents direct their child’s share of public education spending—give that power to every family.

Vermont’s empowered parents feed a rich landscape of educational choices, not just one or two. In such fertile soil, smaller, tailored programs pop up and grow to meet children where they are instead of where a one-size-fits-most default curriculum says they should be. If the family’s needs change, their choices can, too.

We pour plenty of public money into educational potential. Only parents’ power of choice can unleash it.

Source: The Foundation for Economic Education (FEE)

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https://fee.org/

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National News Reports in Education Civil Beat

By Suevon Lee February 16, 2022

Michael Donnelly, JD,

February 24, 2022

HOSPITAL CALLS CPS TO STOP HEALTHY MOM AND BABY FROM LEAVING https://hslda.org/post/hospital-calls-cps-to-stop-healthy-mom-and-baby-from-leaving?utm_source=hslda&utm_ medium=email&utm_campaign=2-24-2022&utm_id=WU

Dave Dentel

February 23, 2022

February 17, 2022

by Marian Davidson October 28, 2021

HOMESCHOOLED TEEN’S TENACITY: DETERMINED TO FIND A CURE FOR DAD’S ALZHEIMER’S https://hslda.org/post/homeschooled-teen-s-tenacity-determined-to-find-a-cure-for-dad-s-alzheimer-s?utm_ source=hslda&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2-24-2022&utm_id=WU

Daniel Beasley, Esq.

KTVH News

GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR HOMESCHOOLING HAS A HIGH COST

KTVH News

by Laura Yuen October 29, 2021

FIGHTS AT HAWAII SCHOOLS HIGHLIGHT THE NEED FOR MORE MENTAL HEALTH SUPPORT https://timesofmalta.com/articles/view/home-education-association-ignored-by-government.908437

HOMESCHOOLING IN MONTANA: TWO PARENTS’ REASONS FOR LEAVING THE TRADITIONAL CLASSROOM https://www.ktvh.com/news/us-news/two-americas/homeschooling-in-montana-two-parents-reasons-for-leaving-the-traditional-classroom

YUEN: WHAT’S BEHIND THE BUMP IN BLACK HOME-SCHOOLING https://www.startribune.com/yuen-whats-behind-the-bump-in-black-home-schooling/600111200/

https://hslda.org/post/government-funding-for-homeschooling-has-a-high-cost?utm_source=hslda&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2-24-2022&utm_id=WU

Dave Dentel

March 02, 2022

Thomas J. Schmidt, Esq.

March 02, 2022

Scott Woodruff, Esq.

April 20, 2022

“LET CHILDREN PLAY” RESEARCHER QUESTIONS MANDATORY PRESCHOOL https://hslda.org/post/let-children-play-researcher-questions-mandatory-preschool?utm_ source=hslda&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=3-2-2022&utm_id=WU

DISTRICT THREATENS FAMILY WITH CPS UNLESS THEY “REGISTER” https://hslda.org/post/district-threatens-family-with-cps-unless-they-register?utm_source=hslda&utm_ medium=email&utm_campaign=3-2-2022&utm_id=WU

ON THE DOUBLE: HSLDA HELPS VETERAN OVERCOME DISCRIMINATION IN TWO HOURS https://hslda.org/post/bill-seeks-to-help-more-families-homeschool?utm_source=hslda&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=2-9-2022&utm_id=WU

Jessica Cole

April 09, 2022

Steven Duvall, PhD

April 12, 2022

HSLDA

April 06, 2022

WHEN THE TODDLER RUNS YOUR SCHOOL DAY https://hslda.org/post/when-the-toddler-runs-your-school-day?utm_source=hslda&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=4-20-2022&utm_id=WU

HOMESCHOOL SURGE STILL GOING STRONG https://hslda.org/post/homeschool-surge-still-going-strong?utm_source=hslda&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=4-13-2022&utm_id=WU

HSLDA PRESIDENT MIKE SMITH ANNOUNCES HIS RETIREMENT https://hslda.org/post/hslda-president-mike-smith-announces-his-retirement?utm_source=hslda&utm_ medium=email&utm_campaign=4-6-2022&utm_id=WU

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GRILLED BLUE MARLIN WITH LEMON-BUTTER SAUCE RECIPE Ingredients • 150 grams blue marlin • rock salt • 1 tbsp calamansi juice • 1 tsp garlic salt • 1 tbsp seasoning • dash paprika • 1 tbsp melted butter • 1 tsp chopped garlic, fried • Lemon Butter sauce:e N • lemon • butter • salt • parsley

Directions 1. Wash and clean fish with rock salt. Rinse and set aside.

2. Mix together calamansi juice, garlic salt, seasoning, paprika and butter.

3. Marinate blue marlin in mixture for few minutes, turning both sides from time to time.

4. Over hot charcoal, grill the fish 15 minutes or until done on both sides.

5. Baste blue marlin with marinade all over while cooking.

6. remove from heat and serve with lemon and butter sauce. Sprinkle with fried garlic for the finale then serve.

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SIMPLE PAN-FRIED FISH WITH INDIAN SPICES RECIPE

PAWPAW COOKIES RECIPE Ingredients

Ingredients • 2 pounds fish fillets (Swai, Tilapia, Cat-

• 1½ c. pawpaw pulp (or mashed bananas)

fish, Orange Roughy, etc.)

• ¾ c. shortening

• 1 Tbsp paprika (approx)

• 1& 1/3 c. sugar

• 1 Tbsp cumin (approx)

• 1 egg

• 1 tsp turmeric (approx)

• 3 c. sifted flour

• Kosher salt and freshly ground pepper

• 1 Tbsp. baking soda

to taste

• 1 tsp. salt

• 1-2 Tbsp vegetable oil

• ¼ tsp. ginger • ¼ tsp. allspice • 1 tsp. nutmeg • 1 tsp. cinnamon

Directions

Directions

1. Heat the oil in a large frying or saute pan.

2. Meanwhile liberally sprinkle the paprika and cumin on both sides of the fish fillets, while less liberally sprinkling the turmeric. Then sprinkle both sides with Kosher salt and freshly ground black pepper.

3. When the oil is hot, add the fish to the pan and cover. Cook for 2 minutes on a side, then flip and cover again and cook an additional 2 minutes on the other side. If the fillets are thick, cut in the thick part with a night to check if the fish is white and flaky on the inside. If the fish is still pink or translucent in the thickest part, continue cooking for approximately 2 more minutes, flipping back to the other side for the last minute.

1. Cream the shortening and sugar thoroughly.

2. Add beaten egg and pawpaw.

3. Stir in the dry ingredients, and mix well.

4. Form into small balls and place on cookie sheet.

5. Press into round flat shape with the bottom of a glass that has been lightly greased.

6. Bake in a moderate oven about 15 minutes.

4. Serve over or next to rice with a vegetable.

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CONDENSED MILK GLUTEN FREE CAKE RECIPE (GLUTEN FREE)

BEEF FAJITA BEST MARINADE RECIPE (GLUTEN FREE)

Ingredients

Ingredients • 2 tsp chili powder

• While the meat is resting for 10 minutes, core, seed,

• 1 cup almond meal

• 1 tsp sweet paprika

de-rib and slice a couple of sweet bell peppers

• 3 eggs

• 1/2 tsp ground cumin

and an onion and saute them in the same skillet

• 1 can sweet­ened con­densed milk

• 1 tsp sugar ( I use turbinado)

used to cook the meat. Slice the rested steak and

• 1⁄4 tea­spoon bak­ing power

• 1 tsp granulated onion

re-sear on a serving iron or back in the skillet,

• pinch of salt

• 1/2 tsp granulated garlic

plate & serve.

• 1/4 tsp cayenne pepper • 1 T cornstarch • 1 tsp coarse salt • 1/4 C chopped fresh cilantro (coriander) • juice of 1 lime • 2 T olive oil

Directions 1. Pre­heat oven to 180°C/160°C fan-​forced. Grease 20cm x 20cm cake pan and line base with bak­ing paper.

2. Beat eggs with a whisk or fork until well com­bined. Mix with bak­ing pow­der, salt and almond meal until well combined.

3. Poor mix­ture into cake pan and bake for 45 min­utes until golden brown.

4. Sprin­kle with coconut flakes when ready (optional).

Directions 1. Gather your spices 2. Add the ‘wet’ ingredients to the dry and combine well 3. Rub the marinade completely into the meat and let it rest in the cooler for an hour 4. Wipe the excess marinade off the meat. Sear the meat to your taste, slice it very thin and serve very hotwith sweet peppers and onion slices

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New Heights Educational Group Inc. 14735 Power Dam Road, Defiance, Ohio 43512 +1.419.786.0247 NewHeightsEducation@yahoo.com https://www.NewHeightsEducation.org