გაზეთი ,,იმუნიტეტი"

muniteti

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis socialur da politikur mecnierebaTa fakultetis Jurnalistikisa da masobrivi komunikaciis mimarTulebis studenturi saswavo gazeTi

nomeri №1 02.27.2018

mkvleli narkotiki!

20 ivniss kidev erTi adamiani emsxverpla gaurkveveli nivTierebiT mowamvlas. gardacvlilia 22 wlis axalgazrda luka andolinia. gamoZieba am etapze 115-e muxliT mimdinareobs, rac TviTmkvlelobamde miyvanas gulisxmobs. komatozur mdgomareobaSi imyofeba gardacvlili axalgazrdis Zma, daviT andolini. aladaSvilis klinikis eqimi reanimatologi gveubneba, rom orive maTgani ucnobi nivTierebiTaa mowamluli. ,,ver getyviT, ra nivTierebazea saubari, amas sWirdeba toqsikologiuri analizi, romlis Catarebac klinikuri kvlevisaTvis miuRwevadia,“- ambobs CvenTan saubrisas levan ratiani. aprilidan moyolebuli gaurkveveli nivTierebiT intosqikacias aTeulobiT adamiani emsxverla, ra substanciazea saubari da aris Tu ara axalgazrdebis mowamvlis da gardacvalebis mizezi sinTeturi narkotiki ,,mefedroni“?

,,mefedrons“ ramdenime saxeliT (4-methyl methcathinone (4-MMC), 4-methylephedrone, Meph, meow, miaow-miaow, m-cat, plant food, drone, bubbles, kitty cat) icnoben da gavrcelebuli fsiqostimulatoria, romelic amfetaminebis jgufs ganekuTvneba. am ti pis narkotikebs dizaineruls eZaxian, radgan isini ukve arsebuli narkotikuli saSualebebis sinTeziTaa miRebuli. pirvelad es sinTezuri narkotiki 1929 wels gaCnda safrangeTSi. maSin sxva saxeli hqonda. 2008 wels ki ukve erTerTma farmacevtulma kompaniam gamouSva preparatis saxiT da swrafad gavrcelda xelmisawvdomobisa da dabali fasis gamo.

2010 wlis monacemebiT, 1 grami daaxloebiT 10 evro Rirda. 2011 wlidan ki misi fasi gaizarda da 18-dan 25 evromde Rirda. am nivTierebas Seicavs abazanis marilebi, sasuqebi, laqis amomyvani qimi-

uri saSualebebi, mwerebis sawinaaRm-

c hepatitis pro-

gv. 5 imuniteti

bebis ricxvs miakuTvnes. 2009 wlidan jer SvedeTsa da daniaSi, Semdeg mohyva germania, ruseTi, inglisi da a.S. bevrgan akrZales es preparati. kvlevebic Catarda. 2000 wels imdenad gavrcelda, rom meoTxe adgilze iyo kanaboidebis, kokainisa da eqstazis Semdeg.

gv. 2

da da fsiqikuri aSlilobac imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom akrZaluli nivTiere-

cota ram aiv/Sidsis Sesaxeb

gramis sami weli-molodini da realoba sami weli gavida mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom amerikuli farmacevtuli kompania ,,Gilead’’ -is xelSewyobiT C hepatitisgan gankurnebis programa daiwyo. saqarTvelos Sromis, janrmTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros gancxadebiT, 2015 wlis aprilidan dRemde, 45 aTasze meti pacienti CaerTo aRniSnul programaSi, aqedan 41 aTasamdem ukve daasrula mkurnalobis kursi kargi SedegiT - beneficiarTa 98, 2 % -ma Tavi daaRwia C hepatits. miuxedavad programis warmatebisa, saministros gancxadebiT, daavadebulTa mxolod 30% CaerTo programaSi. 2016 wlis bolo sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi ki, beneficiarTa ricxvi mudmivad mcirdeboda. 2015 wlis populaciuri kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi 150 aTasi C hepatitiT daavadebuli adamiani cxovrobs. aqedan ki, mxolod mesamedi nawili aris CarTuli programaSi. arsebobs Tu ara informaciuli, geografiuli da finansuri barierebi, ramdenad usafrTxoa medikamentebi da ra kriteriumebis mixedviT SeirCa sami wlis win swored saqarTvelo, rogorc programis sanimuSo qveyana gazeT ,,imunitetis’’ kiTxvebs jandacvis saministros jandacvis departamentis sazogadoebrivi janrmTelobis dacvisa da programebis sammarTvelos ufrosi eka adamia pasuxobs.

dego fxvnilebSic aris, frinvelebis sakvebis danamatebSic. kustarulad gamohyavT am sayofacxovrebo saSualebebidan sxva nivTierebebis damatebiT. arsebobs mcenarec, saidanac moi poveba.

2008 wels, rodesac preparati gamovida, mas negatiuri Sedegebi mohyva, iseT Zlier damokidebulebas iwvev-

kacobriobis arsebobis manZilze msoflios bevri epidemia axsovs, Tumca maT Soris gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebs aiv infeqcia, romelic aRmoCenis dRidan mokle xanSi globalur problemad iqca. saqarTveloSi pirveli SemTxveva 1989 wels dafiqsirda, qalaq soxumSi, amis Semdeg ki, 1990 wels, pirvelad sabWoTa kavSiris masStabiT TbilisSi Seiqmna Sidsisa da klinikuri imunologiis centri, romelic dRemde pasuxismgebelia daavadebis diagnostikaze, mkurnalobaze, prevenciasa da epidzedamxedvelobis sakiTxebze. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom virusis gavrcelebis SemTxvevebi yovelwliurad izrdeba, aiv-Tan dakavSirebuli nebismieri sakiTxi aqtualurad unda CavTvaloT. aqedan gamomdinare, kiTxvebiT infeqciuri paTologiis, Sidsisa da klinikuri imunologiis centris epidemiolog maia cincaZes mivmarTeT.

gv. 6

narkopolitikis liberalizaciis dausrulebeli gza bolo ramdenime welia saqarTveloSi narkotikul nivTierebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi gansakuTrebul aqtualobas ar kargavs. fiqroben bevrs da ver gadauwyvetavT, ra formiT damkvidrdeba liberaluri narkopolitika qveyanaSi. zogi gamosavals dekriminalizaciaSi, zogi legalizaciaSi, zogi ki verc erTSi ver xedavs, radgan humanuri narkopolitikis SemuSaveba Tavis TavSi SesaZloa arc dekriminalizacias da arc legalizacias gulisxmobdes. gamosavali jer verc sakanonmdeblo organom i pova da swored amitomaa, rom ukve erT welze metia parlamentSi inicirebuli kanonproeqti kvlavac araa Sejerebuli.

gv. 3

warmatebis istoriebi aiv infeqciisa da Sidsis arsebobis Sesaxeb msofliom 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Seityo. infeqciam Tavidan sazogadoebidan gariyuli narkomanebisa da homoseqsuali mamakacebis wreSi iCina Tavi. Tavad virusis da misi mkurnalobis Sesaxeb cnobebi ki saerTod ar arsebobda. informaciis nakleboba Tavismxriv gaurkvevlobas iwvevda, rac stigmatizaciisa da diskriminaciis ganmapirobebel faqtorad iqca. dReis TvalsazrisiT, Zalian bevri ram gaxda cnobili aRniSnul daavadebasTan dakavSirebiT, marTalia, misi srulad gankurneba kvlavac aRemateba medicinis Zalebs, Tumca medikamentebis saSualebiT, is momakvdinebeli daavadebidan qronikulad marTvad daavadebad iqca. ,,urTulesia CemTvis am Temaze laparaki. TiTqmis aravis vandob xolme Cems gulistkivils. 15 wlis viqnebodi, rodesac pirvelad im realobas Sevejaxe, romliTac Semdeg cxovreba daviwye. imdenad CamiTria ,,kaifma’’, rom nel-nela Cem garSemo adamianebi qrebodnen, radgan realur samyaros veRar aRviqvamdi. ararealur planetaze vcxovrobdi, romlidanac arasodes aRar mindoda dabruneba. vicodi, rom, upirvelesad, sakuTar Tavs viRupavdi, SemdgomSi ki Cems ojaxs vanadgurebdi, Tumca imdenad unebisyofo aRmovCndi, sanam simartove ar vigrZeni ver gamovfxizldi. davrCi sruliad marto, gariyuli adamianebisgan, rogorc okeaneSi patara kunZuli.

gv.. 7

1

problema

,,mefedroni “ ,,fentanili “ Tu bioheroini? qtiuri nivTiereba, romelzec Zalian mZime Sedegebi aris aSS-Si. daaxloebiT 60 aTasi sikvdilia dafiqsirebuli. mTavari rac aris, unda amoviRoT narkani recepturidan. imitom, rom realurad es aris erTaderTi antidoti, romliTac Cven SegviZlia am adamianebs vuSveloT,“-ganacxada samedicino centr ,,urantis“ xelmZRvanelma, narkologma zurab sixaruliZem gazeT ,,imunitetTan“ saubrisas. aRniSnulTan dakavSirebiT regulirebis saagentos davukavSirdiT, narkotikis legaluri brunvis sammarTvelos ufrosma lali daviTaiam satelefono saubarSi ganacxada, rom rom konkretuli preparatis nusxidan amoRebasTan dakavSirebiT aucilebelia konsultaciebis gamarTva, romelSic monawileobas narkologebTan erTad farmacevtebic miiReben.

20 ivniss kidev erTi adamiani emsxverpla gaurkveveli nivTierebiT mowamvlas. gardacvlilia 22 wlis axalgazrda luka andolinia. gamoZieba am etapze 115-e muxliT mimdinareobs, rac TviTmkvlelobamde miyvanas gulisxmobs. komatozur mdgomareobaSi imyofeba gardacvlili axalgazrdis Zma, daviT andolini. aladaSvilis klinikis eqimi reanimatologi gveubneba, rom orive maTgani ucnobi nivTierebiTaa mowamluli. ,,ver getyviT, ra nivTierebazea saubari, amas sWirdeba toqsikologiuri analizi, romlis Catarebac klinikuri kvlevisaTvis miuRwevadia,“ambobs CvenTan saubrisas levan ratiani. aprilidan moyolebuli gaurkveveli nivTierebiT intosqikacias aTeulobiT adamiani emsxverla, ra substanciazea saubari da aris Tu ara axalgazrdebis mowamvlis da gardacvalebis mizezi sinTeturi narkotiki ,,mefedroni“?

ra aris ,,mefedroni“? ,,mefedrons“ ramdenime saxeliT (4-methyl methcathinone (4-MMC), 4-methylephedrone, Meph, meow, miaow-miaow, m-cat, plant food, drone, bubbles, kitty cat) icnoben da gavrcelebuli fsiqostimulatoria, romelic amfetaminebis jgufs ganekuTvneba. am ti pis narkotikebs dizaineruls eZaxian, radgan isini ukve arsebuli narkotikuli saSualebebis sinTeziTaa miRebuli. pirvelad es sinTezuri narkotiki 1929 wels gaCnda safrangeTSi. maSin sxva saxeli hqonda. 2008 wels ki ukve erTerTma farmacevtulma kompaniam gamouSva preparatis saxiT da swrafad gavrcelda xelmisawvdomobisa da dabali fasis gamo.

2010 wlis monacemebiT, 1 grami daaxloebiT 10 evro Rirda. 2011 wlidan ki misi fasi gaizarda da 18-dan 25 evromde Rirda. am nivTierebas Seicavs abazanis marilebi, sasuqebi, laqis amomyvani qimiuri saSualebebi, mwerebis sawinaaRmdego fxvnilebSic aris, frinvelebis sakvebis danamatebSic. kustarulad gamohyavT am sayofacxovrebo saSualebebidan sxva nivTierebebis damatebiT. arsebobs mcenarec, saidanac moi poveba.

2008 wels, rodesac preparati gamovida, mas negatiuri Sedegebi mohyva, iseT Zlier damokidebulebas iwvevda da fsiqikuri aSlilobac imdenad Zlieri iyo, rom akrZaluli nivTierebebis ricxvs miakuTvnes.

2009 wlidan jer SvedeTsa da daniaSi, Semdeg mohyva germania, ruseTi, inglisi da a.S. bevrgan akrZales es preparati. kvlevebic Catarda. 2000 wels imdenad gavrcelda, rom meoTxe adgilze iyo kanaboidebis, kokainisa da eqstazis Semdeg. rogor unda amoicnos momxmarebelma es narkotikuli saSualeba da rogor unda aicilos Tavidan misi moxmarebiT gamowveuli letaluri Sedegi Tavidan, amis Sesaxeb fsiqiku- ri jan-

2

mrTelobisa da narkomaniis prevenciis centris stacionaluri ganyofilebis ufrosi nino gongliaSvili gazeT ,,imunitetTan“ saubrobs: ,, rogorc Cveni pacientebi amboben, xSirad iweren xan fxvnilis saxiT, xan tabletis formiT, zogjer kristalis vizuali aqvs. zogi pacienti ambobs, rom es kristaluri amfetaminia, zogi ambobs, abazanis mariliao, zogis TqmiT, fxvnilia, romelic SeiZleba intravenurad moixmaron da SesaZlebelia SesunTqvac. dazustebiT aravin ar icis, ra aris. centralur nervul sistemaze seriozuli zemoqmedeba aqvs. rogorc pacientebi amboben, misi moxmarebis dros absoluturad gaxsnilebi arian, bednierebi, energiis mozRvaveba aqvT. amas mohyveba arteriuli wnevis mateba, veRar Wamen da bolos ukve halucinaciebi ewyebaT. yvela aRniSnavs, rom hgonia, TiTqos viRac misdevs, gansakuTrebiT - policia. es halucinaciebi Zalian myaria. mZime narkotikis dros, aseve, swrafad iTrguneba sunTqvis centri“.

TeTri xmauris moZraobis informaciiT, miuxedavad minimaluri dozebis dacvisa, ,,mefedronis“ sxva nivTierebasTan erTad moxmareba SesaZloa sicocxlisTvis safrTxis momtani aRmoCndes. saSiSi kombinaciebia: mefedroni + NBOME, alkoholi, DXM, MXE, tramadoli, MDMA, kokaini. TiToeuli maTgani iwvevs krunCxvebs, gulis aCqarebas, sisxlis wnevasa da sabolood gulis Setevas.

,mefedroni“ Tu ,,fentanili“? narkologTa nawili varaudobs, rom narkotikuli saSualeba, ramac aTeulobiT adamianis sikvdili gamoiwvia, ara “mefedroni,“ aramed „fentanilia.“ specialistebis TqmiT „fentanili,“ romelsac bioheroinsac uwodeben, Zalze Zlieri narkotikia. is, xSir SemTxvevaSi, heroinis saxiT iyideba, ris gamoc misi dozireba ver xerxdeba, rac narkomomxmareblis sikvdils iwvevs. „ar viciT, ra narkotikia da es yvelaze cudia. Cveni varaudiT d a

klinika rac aris am wuTas, Zalian hgavs „fentanils,“ oRond es aris sinTezuri „fentanili.“ es aris axali fsiqoa-

specialurad ,,Semogdebuli“ narkotiki? narkotikebis momxmarebelTa saqarTvelos qseli humanuri narkopolitikisTvis (GeNPUD) momxdarze srul pasuxismgeblobas saxelmwifos akisrebs. “saxelwifom araTu ver gamoavlina is mkvlelebi, romlebmac ucnobi narkotikis saSualebiT sicocxle mouswrafes Cvens axalgazrdebs, aramed ver daadgina narkotikis Semadgeneli nivTiereba, ar miiRo aranairi prevenciuli zomebi da zogadad ar unda Seignos, rom aRniSnuli narkopolitika aris mkvleli,“- naTqvamia organizaciis mier gavrcelebul gancxadebaSi. ucnobi nivTierebiT intoqsikaciisa da letalobis SemTxvevebs sagangebo gancxadebiT gamoexmaura TeTri xmauris moZraoba.

TeTri xmauri acxadebs, rom Sav bazarze Semosulia narkotikuli saSualebebi, romlebic sicocxlisTvis saSiSia. moZraoba eWvobs, rom es xdeba mizanmimarTulad: ,,sistema gvimetebs sikvdilisTvis.“ TeTri xmauris moZraoba mouwodebs yvela adamians, vinc moixmars narkotikul saSualebebs, Sewyviton da nebismier fasad Tavi Seikavon nebismieri substanciis miRebisgan: “vvaraudobT, rom araxolod e.w ,,mefedronia“ letalobis mizezi, aramed yvela sxva narkotikuli saSualebac gangebaa dabinZurebuli dRemde ucnobi nivTierebiT (klinikuri niSnebidan gamomdinare SesaZloa es iyos bio-heroini igive fentanili)“.

Sinagan saqmeTa saministroSi acxadeben, rom ucnobi nivTierebis Seswavlis mizniT, eqspertiza tardeba, rac gardacvalebis zust mizezs daadgens. eqspertizis Sedegebi dRemde ucnobia, radgan konkretul gardacvlil adamianze Sedegebis gasajaroeba ojaxis uflebaa, swored amitom sazogadoeba dRemde eWvSia, ra nivTierebaa bazarze da ratom iRupeba amdeni axalgazrda. rogor unda SeCerdes es procesi?

Tu aseTi martivia ,,mefedronis“ da msgavsi narkotikuli nivTierebebis internetsaitidan gamowera da miReba, ratom ar iblokeba msgavsi saitebi? amasTan dakavSirebiT Sinagan saqmeTa saministro acxadebs, rom ramdenjerme daibloka ukve internetsaitebi, Tumca mudmivad ganaxldeba, icvleba da realurad es meqanizmi ar moqmdebs. telekompania rusTavi 2-ma, Jurnalis-

turi gamoZieba Caatara. gadacema post-skri ptumis Jurnalisti rusulenovan saitze daregistrirda. saitze yofili dsT-s qveynebis CamonaTvalia - dilerebi am teritoriaze muSaoben. iqvea saqarTveloc. CamonaTvalSi ara mxolod Tbilisi, aramed saqarTvelos ramdenime sxva regionicaa. ganTavsebulia ramdenime dileris gancxadeba. maT Soris, erT-erTi 0,5 gram mefedrons yidis. angariSsworeba xdeba bitkoinebiT, rac gamsaRebels anonimurobis garantias aZlevs da urTulebs saqmes samarTaldamcavebs.

Jurnalistma mixeil sesiaSvilma bitkoinebi gadaricxa Tu ara, 15 wuTSi saitze miiRo Setyobineba, rom SekveTa mzadaa. miiRo ji pies koordinatebic - mefedrons Tbilisis centrSi, gudiaSvilis moedanze unda miakiTxos. gamougzavnes suraTic, Tu sad inaxeba mefedroni. dilerebi “sufTad” muSaoben - su-

raTis metamonacemebi gasufTavebulia -daudgenelia, rodis da ra mowyobilobiT gadaiRes foto.

Jurnalisti daniSnul adgilas midis. gudiaSvilis moedani savsea bavSvebiT da turistebiT. gamogzavnili fotos mixedviT, poulobs Zvel konteiners da patara RriWodan gamoaqvs yviTel qaRaldSi Sexveuli, kanfetis msgavsi sagani. amis Semdeg Jurnalistma saqmeSi ukve samarTaldamcavebi CarTo. adgilze ramdenime sapatrulo eki paJi mivida. yviTel qaRaldSi TeTri fxvnili aRmoCnda.

Sss-m sisxlis samarTlis saqme aRZra, Tumca jerjerobiT, ver daadgina vin dgas narkotikebis internetgayidvebis ukan.

12 maiss klubebSi Catarebuli specoperacia ganviTarebuli movlenebis Sedegia, rogorc klub ,,basianis“ damfuZnebeli naja oraSvili gveubneba, aucilebelia Sinagan saqmeTa saministros da zogadad saxelmwifos aqtiuri qmedeba. Tavad klubebs da maT warmomadgenlebsac ar aqvT informacia ra saxis narkotiki, saidan da rogor xvdeba teritoriaze, aseve ar ician momxmareblebma misi momakvdinebeli Sedegebis Sesaxeb. 12 maiss Sinagan saqmeTa saministros informaciiT, 3 Tviani mokvlevis semdeg 8 narkorealizatori daakaves, daixura klubebi basiani da galeri droebiT, amas moyva masStaburi aqciebi parlamentis win. klubebi gaixsna, situacia erTi SexedviT miwynarda, Tumca dRemde ar gvaqvs zusti informacia eqspertizis Sedegebis Sesaxeb, Sinagan saqmeTa saministrom ver aRkveTa da daadgina saidan da rogor Semodis es ,,mkvleli“ narkotiki saqarTvelos teritoriaze, ratomaa ase martivad xelmisawvdomi. ver dadginda axalgazrdebis gardacvalebis gamomwvevi nivTiereba. mefedronis da fentalinis Semdeg amboben, rom ucnobi substancia bioheroinia.

neli verulaSvili imuniteti

narkomania

narkopolitikis liberalizaciis dausrulebeli gza bolo ramdenime welia saqarTveloSi narkotikul nivTierebebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxi gansakuTrebul aqtualobas ar kargavs. fiqroben bevrs da ver gadauwyvetavT, ra formiT damkvidrdeba liberaluri narkopolitika qveyanaSi. zogi gamosavals dekriminalizaciaSi, zogi legalizaciaSi, zogi ki verc erTSi ver xedavs, radgan humanuri narkopolitikis SemuSaveba Tavis TavSi SesaZloa arc dekriminalizacias da arc legalizacias gulisxmobdes. gamosavali jer verc sakanonmdeblo organom i pova da swored amitomaa, rom ukve erT welze metia parlamentSi inicirebuli kanonproeqti kvlavac araa Sejerebuli. narkotikebis momxmarebelTa mimarT arsebuli politikis Secvlas sazogadoebaSi gansxvavebulad uyureben, Tumca imaze Tanxmdebian, rom adamiani, romelic piradi moxmarebisTvis iyenebs narkotiks, is cixeSi ar unda ijdes. es SesaZloa liberalizaciis erTerT formad miviCnioT. garda amisa, Serbilebisa da Semsubuqebis saxea mkurnalobis kuTxiT gadadgmuli nabijebi, radgan mxolod sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi sakmarisi ar aris.

Tuki saqarTvelo yvela saxis narkotikuli saSualebis dekriminalizaciaze daamtkicebs kanonproeqts, xalxSi Cndeba eWvi, rom qveyanaSi narkomomxmarebelTa ricxvi kidev ufro gaizrdeba da aRniSnuli cvlileba mxolod negatiurad aisaxeba mosaxleobaze. ara da arc arsebuli praqtika aisaxeba kargad, radgan qveyanaSi yovelwliurad aTi aTasobiT adamians utareben narkotestirebas da maTTvis misjili wlebi saxelmwifo biujetidan gamaval Tanxebze pirdapirproporciulad aisaxeba. es maSin, rodesac qveyanaSi narkomomxmarebelTa sareabilitacio centrebi TiTqmis ar aris. samoqalaqo sazogadoebasTan erTad Temisadmi sakuTari damokidebuleba gaaCnia marTmadidebel eklesiasac. wels sinodis sxdomis misalmebaSi erTerTi punqti swored narkotikebis momxmareblebs exebodaT. maTi TqmiT, eklesia arasodes uWerda mxars narkomaniiT daavadebulTa mimarT patimrobis Sefardebas, magram miaCniaT, rom sakonstitucio sasamarTlos mier narkoliberalizaciasTan dakavSirebiT ukve miRebuli gadawyvetileba didi safrTxis Semcvelia da narkotikebis

farTod gavrceleba/moxmarebas seriozul biZgs aZlevs. amasTan, krebaze narkotikebis zedozirebiT gardacvalebulTa sakiTxic dadga, rom Seiqmneba komisia da eklesia imsjelebs imaze, augeben Tu ara micvalebulebs wess. Tumca am yvelaferTan erTad saarTvelos sapatriarqo miiCnevs, rom mniSvnelovania sazogadoeba narkotikebis moxmarebiT gamowveul zianze informirebuli iyos, rogorc es evrokavSirTan asocirebis xelSekrulebaSia naTqvami, rom mosaxleoba unda iyos informirebuli da Sesabamis servisebze hqondes wvdoma. narkopolitikis erovnul strategiaSi naTqvamia, rom saxelmwifos mizania narkotikuli saSualebebis ukanono brunviT gamowveuli socialuri, samedicino da ekonomikuri zianis Semcireba erovnul doneze. aRniSnuli miznis misaRwevad ki strategiaSi saubaria, xelsayreli sakanonmdeblo garemos Seqmnaze, rac narkomomxmarebelTa mimarT represiulis nacvlad ufro liberaluri midgomis Camoyalibebas gulisxmobs. ufro zustad ki, saxelmwifos mxridan liberalizaciis forma narkopolitikis platformis inicirebul kanonproeqtSi gamoixateba. ukve erTi welia rac humanuri narkopolitikis Sesaxeb msjeloba parlamentSi narkopolitikis erovnuli platformisa da parlamentis jandacvis komitetis erToblivi muSaobiT mimdinareobs. realuri Sedegi ki rac am dromde arasamTavroebisa da parlamentis komitetis muSaobam gamoiRo marixuanis mcire odenobiT moxmarebisTvis, SeZenisa da gadazidvisTvis administraciuli patimrobis gauqmebaa. axlac arasamTavroboebi imaze saubroben, rom kanoni represiulia da adamiani dasjis nacvlad zrunvas unda saWiroebdes. gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba aqvT jandacvis komitetSi, sadac fiqroben, rom mxolod dekriminalizacia gamosavali ar aris, amitom, axla maTi resursebi narkotikebis momxmarebelTa mkurnalobis prevenciiskenaa mimarTuli da es kanonmdeblobaSic male aisaxeba. „am etapze kanonproeqtis Sejereba mimdinareobs. Tavidan is mTlianad dekriminalizaciisken iyo mimarTuli, magram gzadagza gaCnda axali Tavebi da prevenciis mimarTulebiT ufro metad gaZlierdeba RonisZiebebi. iuridi-

ulma komitetma ganixila kanonproeqti, magram rodis gagrZeldeba momdevno ganxilva jerjerobiT ucnobia“- ambobs jandacvis komitetis aparatis ufrosi irina xasaia. statistikis erovnuli saagentos monacemebiT, 2018 wlis aprilis TveSi narkotikuli saSualebebis an misi analogis mcire odenobiTgadagzavnis an/da moxmarebisTvis sami Tvis ( Tebervalidan-aprilis CT.) manZilze devnis obieqti am braldebiT 213 adamiani gaxda. „adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centris“ iuristi ambobs, rom aRniSnuli kanonproeqti maqsimalurad realobazeamorgebuli da xelisuflebam misi miRebaunda daaCqaros.

Tumca guram imnaZe eWvobs, rom parlaments saimiso gambedaoba ar eyofa, kanonproeqti ise miiRos, rogors is arasamTavroboebma warudgines. „cxadia es ar aris idealuri kanonproeqti, es aris morgebuli maqsimalurad realobas, sazogadoebriv-kulturul ganwyobebs, politikur viTarebas. magram didi eWvi maqvs, rom parlaments ar eyofa gambedaoba, kanonproeqti im redaqciiT miiRos, razedac saubaria. princi puli sakiTxia moxdeba Tu ara narkotikebis momxmareblebis dekriminalizacia, gaJRerdes mkafio mesiji, rom narkotikis moxmareba ar aris kriminali. Zalian princi pulia aseve is, rom narkotikis odenobebi ganisazRvros, radgan usamarTlo sasjelis erTerTi wyaro swored es aris- ambobs guram imnaZe. misive TqmiT, mniSvnelovania saxelmwifom aqcenti dasvas mkurnalobasa da zianis Semcirebaze. Tumca efeqtiani jandacvis sistemis Sesaqmnelad upirveles yovlisa aucilebelia narkotikuli saSualebebis dekriminalizacia. narkopolitikis kanonmdeblobiT saqarTvelo evropaSi erTerTi qveyanaa im umciresobaTagan, sadac narkomomxmareblebs kanoni mravali wliT svams cixeSi. yofil sabWoTa qveynebSic ki kanonmdebloba 3-5 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas iTvaliswinebs, magaliTad iseT qveynebSi rogoricaa estoneTi, litva, latvia. saqarTvelos moqmedi sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis mixedviT narkotikuli saSualebis, misi analogis an prekursoris ukanono damzadeba, warmoeba, SeZena, Senaxva, gadazidva, gadagzavna an gasaReba 6-11 wlamde vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT

guram imnaZe, „adamianis uflebebis swavlebisa da monitoringis centris“ iuristi. isjeba. sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis mixedviT ki, kanonproeqtSi SeTavazebuli axlandeli cvlilebebi Tavisuflebis aRkveTas mxolod 6 wlamde moiazrebs. rac Seexeba didi odenobiT mis gasaRebas, Tu aqamde kanoni 8-20 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTas moiazrebda, SeTavazebul cvlilebebSi mis 11-wlamde Camoyvanazea saubari. narkomomxmareblebisgan gansxvavebiT saqarTvelos msgavsad mkacrad ebrZvian narkorealizatorebs evropis qveynebSic. magaliTad rumineTSi, sadac moyvana, warmoeba, gayidva, SeZena, nebismieri saxiT miwodeba, gadagzavna, transportireba narkotikuli nivTierebebis trefikingad iTvleba da Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT 3-dan 15 wlamde vadiT isjeba.

Tuki saqme maRali riskis kategoriaSi gaerTianebul narkotikul saSualebebs exeba, maSin sasjeli 10-dan 20-wlamde vadiT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas gulisxmobs. aseve narkogamsaReblebze mkacria kanoni italiaSic. akrZaluli narkotikuli saSualebebis warmoeba an/da trefikingi 6-dan 22 wlamde Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT isjebada 26 000-dan 300 000 evromde odenobis jarimiT Semoifargleba. amgvarad,Tuki kanonmdebloba saqarTveloSi narkotikebis piradi moxmarebisTvis sasjels aranaklebi odenobiT adgens, rac narkorealizatorebis mimarTaa, evropis qveynebSi aRniSnuli midgoma mxolod narkogamsaReblebis mimarT dgas da zogjer ufro mkacradac.

nino SubiTiZe

narkopolitikis liberalizaciis procesi saqarTveloSi

n

arkopolitikis Tema Cvens qveyanaSi droebiT daviwyebas miecema xolme, Tumca garkveuli drois Semdeg aucileblad gvaxsenebs Tavs. rusTavelze gamarTuli aqciebis Semdeg narkoliberalizaciis momxreTa garkveul nawils imedi gauCnda, rom am sakiTxze parlamenti namdvilad daiwyebda muSaobas da gardauvlad Semsubuqdebida garkveuli saxiT narkomomxmarebelTa mimarTulebiT, rac unda gamoxatuliyo msubuqi narkotikebis dekriminalizaciiTa da narkodamok-

imuniteti

idebul adamianTa xelSewyobiT, rom realurad ezrunaT adamianebz maTi dasjis nacvlad. “narkopolitikis erovnuli platformis“ kvlevebis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi moqmedi mkacri narkopolitikis pirobebSi 52 aTasi problemuri narkomomxmarebeli gvyavs da maTi raodenoba yovelwliurad izrdeba. problemuri momxmareblebis raodenobiT ki, saqarTvelo msoflio masStabiT mesame adgilzea, ruseTisa da seiSelis kunZulebis Semdeg. amJamad Cves qveyanaSi ar

arsebobs arcerTi srulyofili sareabilitacio centri, romelsac SeuZlia daxmareba aRmouCinos im adamianebs, romlebsac narkotikisTvis Tavis danebeba surT. yuradsaRebia is faqtic, rom oficialuri informaciiT, saxelmwifo wlis ganmavlobaSi 18 milions xarjavs e.w „quCis narkotestirebebze“, 2017 wels narkotestirebaze iZulebiT wayvanili adamianebis 68 procentis organizmSi narkotikuli nivTiereba ar aRmoCnda. raoden paradoqsuladac unda JRerdes, xelisuflebis TiTqmis arcerTi warmomadgeneli ar emxroba moqmed narkopolitikas da xmamaRa afiqsirebs im azrs, rom saqarTveloSi narkopolitika Sesamsubuqebelia, amis fonze ki, evrokavSiris bolo angariSis mixedviT (14.03.2017), saqarTveloSi patimrebis 30,8% narkodanaSaulisTvis ixdis sasjels, rac yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia evropis qveynebTan SedarebiT. ras amboben msoflio saerTaSoriso organizaciebi narkopolitikis reformebis Sesaxeb - jandacvis msoflio organizaciis rekomendaciiT, qveynebma unda imuSaon im kanonebisa da politikis ganviTarebaze, romelic narkotikuli saSualebebis dekriminalizaciisaken iqneba mimarTuli, rac Seamcirebs Tavisuflebis aRkveTis faqtebs, jandacvis msoflio organi-

zaciaSi aseve fiqroben, rom aseve unda aikrZalos iZulebiTi mkurnaloba da reabilitaciis kursi gaiaron mxolod im adamianebma, romlebsac aqvT amis survili. amJamad liberalizaciis procesSi yvelaze mosalodneli da xelCasaWidia politikuri centris, ,,girCis“ saqme, romlis sarCelic exeboda administraciuli jarimis gauqmebas marixuanas moxmarebisaTvis, sarCeli 30 maiss sakonstitucio sasamarTlom ganixila, procesi 10 saaTze metxans gagrZelda, Tumca am droisaTvis sakonstitucio sasamarTlos ganaCenis gamocxadebis TariRi cnobili araa, Tu sasamarTlo daakmayofilebs zurab jafariZisa da vaxtang megreliSvilis sarCels, es niSnavs, rom saqarTveloSi marixuanas moxmareba legaluri gaxdeba. partiaSi acxadeben, rom saqme N732, romelic sababi gaxda sisxlis samarTlis devnis gauqmebisa, marixuanas moxmarebis gamo, sasamarTlos mxridan dasabuTebuli iyo, rogorc mxolod sakuTari sxeulisTvis zianis miyeneba, aseve axsnili iyo, rom sxeuli adamianis sakuTrebaa da marixuanas mier miRebuli SedegiT pirovneba ar xdeba sazogadoebisTvis saSiSi, swored amave logikiT ,,girCis“ wevrebi imedovneben, rom administraciuli sasjelic gauqmdeba imave qmedebis winaaRdeg.

beqa moseliZe

3

c hepatiti C hepatitis eliminaciis programa saqarTveloSimizani, biujeti, sapilote programa Tu sruli gankurneba?

2015 wlis 20 aprils saqarTvelos mTavrobis N169 dadgenilebiT C hepatitis eliminaciis programa damtkicda - “C hepatitis marTvis saxelmwifo programis Sesaxeb.“ 2016 wlis 18 aprils saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da kompania “gileads“ Soris aTwliani xelSekruleba gaformda, dokuments xeli Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris moadgilem valeri kvaracxeliam da kompania “giliadis“ viceprezidentma greg altonma moaweres. yvela adamianma droulad Caitaros skriningi, gaigos, aqvs Tu ara virusi. Tu dadgindeba virusis arseboba saxelmwifo eliminaciis programaSi CarTviT uzrunvelyofs. sayovelTao skriningi adamianebs ufasod utardebaT, yvela dainteresebuli piri organizmSi virusis arsebobis Sesaxeb informacias testis gakeTebidan 15 wuTSi igebs. dRevandeli monacemebiT, mkurnalobis kursSi 45 aTasamde pacienti CaerTo, xolo medikamentis miReba 40 aTasamde pirma daasrula. Sromis janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis ministris

moadgile, maia lagvilavam, ganacxada, rom “saqarTvelos masStabiT 31 klinikaSia xelmisawvdomi C hepatitis mkurnaloba.“ virusis damarcxebis maCvenebeli ki 98% - s Seadgens. es Zalze pozitiuri maCveneblia. rac Seexeba programis mocvas - 45 aTasamde pacienti aris samizne populaciis 30%. SedarebisaTvis - msoflioSi mkurnalobis mocvis maCvenebeli 7-9% - ia. saqarTvelos programis farglebSi gankurnebis koeficienti mniSvnelovnad maRalia msoflios maCveneblebze, Tumca es araa sakmarisi im miznis misaRwevad, rac am programas aqvs dasaxuli - C hepatitis sruli, 100% - iani gankurneba. aRsaniSnavia isic, rom C hepatitis ufaso skriningi xelmisawvdomia mTeli qveynis masStabiT daavadebaTa kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnuli centris laboratoriebsa da 600-mde samedicino centrSi. daavadebaTa kontrolisa da sazogadoebrivi janmrTelobis erovnuli centris informaciiT, skriningi Caitara 1 400 000 adamianma, maT Soris arian iseTi pacientebi, romlebmac 2-jer Caitares

gamokvleva maSin, roca saqarTvelos mosaxleoba daaxloebiT 3 milion 700 aTasia. am programis miznis misaRwevad saWiroa gamovlindes is araidentificirebuli jgufebi, romlebic riskis qveS imyofebian, Tumca ar CautarebiaT skriningi da, Sesabamisad, ar dadgenila arian Tu ara C hepatitis virusiT dainficirebulebi. aseTi riskis matarebeli adamianebis raodenoba ki sakmaod didia. araidentificirebuli jgufebis didi ricxvi - esaa is gamowveva, romelic mniSvnelovan problemas uqmnis C hepatitis programis warmatebiT Sesrulebas. rac Seexeba ekonomikur mxares. C hepatitis marTvisa da sruli gankurnebis mizniT marto 2018 wlis biujetis mixedviT 32 milioni lari aris gamoyofili. SedarebisaTvis, saqarTvelos wlevandeli Sromis, janmrTelobisa da socialuri dacvis biujeti Seadgens 3,528 milion lars. is 32 milioni lari, romelic C hepatitis eliminaciisTvisaa gamoyofili ,faqtobrivad, mxolod administraciuli, samedicino dawesebulebebis aRWurva-reabilitaciasa da mosaxleobisaTvis sxvadasxva proceduris ufasod CatarebisaTvis ixarjeba. jandacvis saministro 30%iT afinansebs C hepatitis eliminaciis saxelmwifo programiT gaTvaliswinebul yvela saWiro gamokvlevas, aseve, moqalaqeebs, romelTa socialuri qula ar aRemateba 70 000-s da maTi registraciis adgili (misamarTi) nebismieri raioni (Tbilisis garda), yvela saWiro gamokvleva ufinansdebaT 70%iT jandacvis saministros mier. xolo isini, romelTa socialuri qula ar aRemateba 70 000-s da maTi registraciis adgili (misamarTi) aris q. Tbilisi, meriis TanadafinansebiT yvela saWiro gamokvleva utardebaT sruliad ufasod. C hepatitis samkurnalo wamlebi

– ,,harvonsa” da ,,sovalds” (sofosbuvirs) kompania ,,gileadi” saqarTvelos Cuqnis. es wamlebi ki Zalian Zviri Rirs. erTi abi daaxloebiT 1000 aSS dolari, xolo erTi kolofi ,daaxloebiT, 28 aTasi aSS dolari. es wamlebi maqsimalurad amcirebs gverdiT movlenebs, mkurnalobis procesSi CarTul adamians ,,harvonisa“ an ,,sovaldis“ miRebisas TiTqmis aranairi diskomforti ar eqmnebaT. garda imisa, rom unda iyvnen garkveul dietaze, romelsac eqimi gamouwers da regularulad miiRon es wamlebi. sazogadoebis azri C hepatitis eliminaciis mimarT oradaa gayofili: nawili Zalze dadebiTadaa ganwyobili programis mimarT, xolo meore nawili kritikulad uyurebs. programis mowinaaRmdegeni SiSoben, rom es wamlebi, romlebsac Cvens qveyanas Cuqnian sapilotea da swored amitomaa ufaso. skeptikurad moazrovneebs ainteresebT, Tu ratom SearCia kompania ,,giliadma“ maincdamainc saqarTvelo. momxreebi programas lobireben, rom saqarTvelos demorafiuli mdgomareobiT, marTvadi mosaxleobis raodenobiT, politikuri da socialuri mdgomareobiT, aseve CvenTan C hepatitiT dainficirebuli sakmaod didi raodenobis adamianebis gamo SearCies. rogorc zemoT vaxseneT, kompania ,,giliadis” interesi iyo romelime qveyanaSi C hepatitisgan 100%-iani gankurnebis Sedegi. swored am mizniT Cuqnian saqarTvelos preparatebs. es kursi jer kidev xorcieldeba. faqtia, rom aTasobiT adamiani ,,harvonisa“ da ,,sovaldis“ wyalobiT ukve gamojanmrTelda. Tumca yvelaferi winaa, programis dasrulebisa da mis Semdgom gamoCndeba ramdenad warmatebuli iyo.

nino metreveli

"Cems ojaxis wevrebsac ki egonaT, rom unda vyofiliyavi sruliad izolirebuli, radgan sxvebisTvisac safrTxes warmovadgendi" aqarTveloSi daaxloebiT 200000 adamiania C hepatitis virusiT inficirebuli, rac qveynis mozrdili mosaxleobis 6,7%-s Seadgens. es yvelaze maRali maCvenebelia aRmosavleT evropasa da centraluri aziis regionSi. rac Seexeba daavadebulTa jgufebs, saqarTveloSi yvelaze didi maCvenebeli– 68 % ineqciur narkomanebze modis, 23.3 % –sxvadasxva avadmyofze, maT Soris sqesobrivi gziT daavadebulebze, 7.6 %– sisxlis donorebze. sandro metreveli(saxeli da gvari gamogonilia) aris adamiani, romelic ramdenime weli ebrZoda ce hepatits, is axla 32 wlis aris da sruliad janmrTelia, cxovrobs ise, rogorc manamde - ce hepatitamde. am yvelafris Sesaxeb sandro ramdenime kiTxvaze gvi pasuxebs.

s

-ra gaxda Tqveni inficirebis mizezi? da rogor gaigeT amis Sesaxeb?

- inficirebis mizezi gaxda saineqcio narkotikis moxmareba. sakmaod didi xnis ganmavlobaSi vgrZnobdi Zalian did sisustes da daRlilobas,mqonda sisxlSi cvlilebebi, im dros germaniaSi viyavi da am yvelafrisTvis yuradReba ar mimiqcevia. roca Camovedi gadavwyvite eqimTan misvla, verc ki vifirebdi ce hepatitze. vfiqrobdi, ubralod datvirTuli samaxuris brali iyo es yvelaferi da ramdenime vitaminiT ukeT viqneodi. Tavidan es iyo Zalian didi Soki, myavs ojaxi coli, velodebodi bavSvs da megona maT veRar vnaxavdi Cemi daudevrobis gamo, albaT, mimaCnda, rom ce hepatiti dasasruls niSnavda da ar arsebobda gamosavali. bevri araferi vicodi am daavaddebis Sesaxeb da, vfiqrobdi, yvelas safrTxe Seeqmneboda CemTan siaxloviT. aseT dros aris garkveuli fsiqologiuri problemebic, TiTqos ginda iyo yvelasgan Sors, magram es mxolod dasawyisSi, mere erTaderTi, ramac SeiZleba gadarCenamde migiyvanos momavlis imedia.

- ra etapebi gaiareT mkurnalobis procesSi? - Tavidan garkveuli periodis gatareba momiwia saavadmyofoSi, iyo sxvadasxva Terapiuli procedurebi da vaqcinaciebi, Semdeg ubralod wamlebis miRebas vagrZelebdi, mkacrad vicavdi higienas da dietas.

- sakmaod didia xarjebi mkurnalobis procesSi, iyo Tu ara saxelmwifos mxridan garkveuli dax-

4

mareba?

- swori mkurnaloba da medikamentebi marTlac did xarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli. wamlebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba samkurnalod sakmaod Zviria, calke xarjebia sxvadasxva Terapiuli procedurebi, am yvelaferma ki SeiZleba finansuri barieri Seuqmnas ce hepatiTiT daavadebuls gamojanmrTelobaSi. mkurnalobis xarjebi TiTqmis srulad damifinansa saxelmwifom, im garemoebis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom bavSvs velodebodi.

- rogori iyo am yvelafris Semdeg Tqveni cxovrebis ritmi, albaT, iyo Zalian bevri ram, risi gakeTebac ar SegeZloT? - miuxedavad imisa, rom C hepatitis dros aucilebelia garkveuli cvlilebebis Setana cxovrebis wesSi da yvelaferi radikalurad icvleba, adamians SeuZlia gaagrZelos aqtiuri cxovreba – imuSaos, iyolios Svilebi da ar iyos izolirebuli sazogadoebisgan, me piradad, ar Semiwyvetia muSaoba dainficirebis periodSi. magram aucilebelia uaris Tqma alkoholze, dietis dacva, aseve elementaruli wesebis dacva, ojaxma da axloblebma icodnen Cemi avadmyofobis Sesaxeb, rac kidev erTi win gadadgmuli nabijia aseT SemTxvevaSi, radgan aucilebelia axloblebis da irgvliv myofebis informirebuloba

da gverdSi dgoma.

- rogor miiRes es ambavi ojaxis wevrebma? da ra damokidebuleba iyo sazogadoebis mxridan?

- Tavidan, ra Tqma unda, yvelasTvis SemaSfoTebeli iyo,Tumca ar makritikebdnen am yvelafris gamo.

Cems ojaxis wevrebsac ki egonaT, rom unda vyofiliyavi sruliad izolirebuli, radgan sxvebisTvisac safrTxes warmovadgendi, amis mizezi ki, albaT, arasaTanado codna da gamocdilebaa daavadebis Sesaxeb. es damokidebuleba adamianebis SiSisgan modis. da Tu avadmyofTan Tanaarsebobis wesebs gavecnobiT, romelTa dacva arc ise rTulia, SiSi didwilad moixsneba. amiT daimficirebulsac davexmarebiT, radgan ar iqneba gariyulis rolSi sazogadoebisgan.

- ramdeni xani gagrZelda mkurnalobis procesi? da, sabolood, mkurnalobam warmatebiT Caiara?

- mkuranalobis procesi 2-dan 3 wlamde gagrZelda. ver vityvi, rom sruliad warmatebiT, saWiro gaxda RviZlis gayinva. magram dRes me sruliad janmrTeli var, magram am Sedegamde misvla Zalian rTuli iyo, bevr rameze momiwia uaris Tqma, Tumca mTavaria axla ise vcxovrob, rogorc srulfasovani adamiani.

- ra Secvala am daavadebam TqvenSi da raze dagafiqraT yvelaze metad?

- am yvelaferma bevr rameze damafiqra, Secdomebze da meore Sansze. minda yvela im adamianma, romlebic narkodamokidebulebi arian gaacnobieron safrTxe, rasac sakuTar Tavs da irgvliv myofebs uqmnian. mivxvdi imasac, rom adamiani arasdros ar unda danebdes da SeZlebs gadarCes. Tanamedrove medicinis miRwevebis wyalobiT, C hepatiti eqvemdebareba medikamentozur mkurnalobas, mxolod daavadebis drouli diagnostireba da mkurnalobaa saWiro. imisaTvis rom SevamciroT dainficirebis riski, Tavi unda SevikavoT iseTi qmedebebisagan, rogoricaa: arausafrTxo ineqciebis Catareba, arausafrTxo sisxlis produqtebis gadasxma, saineqcio instrumentebis erToblivi gamoyeneba, daucveli seqsi inficirebul adamianebTan, sisxliT dabinZurebuli mWreli sagnebis erToblivi moxmareba, tatuirebis, akupunqturis da sxv. Catareba dabinZurebuli instrumentebiT.

cira xundaZe imuniteti

c hepatiti

c hepatiti - Tamaz cabutaSvilis istoria

C

hepatiti metad veragi virusuli daavadeba, romelic anadgurebs adamianis Sinagan organoebs, qronikulad mimdinareobs da progresirebs. msoflio mosaxleobis 3% C hepatits ebrZvis. saqarTveloSi ki 6,7%-ia da isic zrdasrul adamianebSi. daavadebis gavrceleba RviZlSi misi virusis SeWriT iwyeba, hepatitis msubuqi forma specialuri mkurnalobiTa da dietiT ikurneba, magram RviZli rom srulad gaTavisufldes virusisgan eqvsi Tvea saWiro. msubuq formas SeiZleba garTuleba moyves, an ukve garTulebuli formiT dainficirdes adamiani. am SemTxvevaSi ki misi mkurnalobis gzebi ufro ixlarTeba.

C hepatitis virusis daZlevas adamianis organizmi axerxebs, magram Zalian iSviaT SemTxvevaSi. ZiriTadad, misi mkurnalobis gzebi rTuli da xangrZlivia. arsebobs mravalnairi preparati, romelTaganac bevri iZleva gamojanmrTelebis saSualebas, magram ,aseve, yvela maTgans mZime gverdiTi movlenebi axlavs. romelTa gamklavebac ufro rTulia, vidre hepatitis virusis. stadiebis mixedviT iyofa misi fazebi, rac ufro maRalia stadia, miT ufro Zlieradaa RviZlSi hepatitis virusi dabudebuli.

Sesabamisad, masTan brZolac rTulia.

C hepatitis marTvis saxelmwifo programa saqarTveloSi 2015 wlis aprilidan daiwyo. programaSi

CasarTavad saWiro sadiagnostiko analizebis anazRaurebaSi saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobas saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi sxvadasxva Tanadafinansebis wili Seaqvs. rac Seexeba mkurnalobisas gamovlenil gverdiT movlenebs, am kuTxiT saxelmwifos finansebi gamoyofili ar aqvs. respondenti, romelic me gazeTi „imunitetisTvis“ Cavwere, Tamaz cabutaSvilia.

37 wlis Tamazs C hepatitis diagnozi 3 wlis win daudginda. mas es virusi stomatologiur klinikaSi Sexvda. kbilis amoRebis Semdeg C hepatitis simptomebi aRmoaCnda. gadawyvita sisxlis analizi gaekeTebina, ramac C hepatiti aCvena. bevri sirbilisa da devnis miuxedavad, saxelmwifo programaSi ver CaerTo sxvadasxva mizezis gamo. 2015 wels aRmoCenili virusi, romelic ar iyo mZime stadiis, saxelmwifos mier 2015 wels wamowyebul programaSi, romelic C hepatitiT daavadebul adamianebs unda daxmareboda, Tamazi ar Casves.

Tamazi socialuri daxmarebiT da pensiiT cxovrobs. verc veranairi saxsrebi moi pova, rom wamlis safasuri, romelic solidur Tanxas Seadgens, gadaexada. amitom sesxebisa da cotaodeni danazogiT man SeZlo, emkurnala. preparati ,,ribaveri“, rogorc is ambobs, mZime gverdiT movlenebs moicavda. mas ki am wamlis miReba saxlSi damoukideblad uwevda. dRes man, 3 wlis Semdeg, SeZlo C hepatitis dam-

arcxeba. mZime mkurnalobisa da wvalebis Semdeg daamarcxa veragi daavadeba da ar misca mas gamarjvebis ufleba. es aris adamiani, romelic motivacias amaRlebs da sakuTari Tavis rwmenas aRviZebs sxvebSi.

gvanca muSkopiSvili

ce hepatitis programis sami weli - molodini da realoba sami weli gavida mas Semdeg, rac saqarTvelom amerikuli farmacevtuli kompania ,,Gilead’’ -is xelSewyobiT C hepatitisgan gankurnebis programa daiwyo. saqarTvelos Sromis, janrmTelobisa da socialuri dacvis saministros gancxadebiT, 2015 wlis aprilidan dRemde, 45 aTasze meti pacienti CaerTo aRniSnul programaSi, aqedan 41 aTasamdem ukve daasrula mkurnalobis kursi kargi SedegiT - beneficiarTa 98, 2 % -ma Tavi daaRwia C hepatits. miuxedavad programis warmatebisa, saministros gancxadebiT, daavadebulTa mxolod 30% CaerTo programaSi. 2016 wlis bolo sami Tvis ganmavlobaSi ki, beneficiarTa ricxvi mudmivad mcirdeboda. 2015 wlis populaciuri kvlevis mixedviT, saqarTveloSi 150 aTasi C hepatitiT daavadebuli adamiani cxovrobs. aqedan ki, mxolod mesamedi nawili aris CarTuli programaSi. arsebobs Tu ara informaciuli, geografiuli da finansuri barierebi, ramdenad usafrTxoa medikamentebi da ra kriteriumebis mixedviT SeirCa sami wlis win swored saqarTvelo, rogorc programis sanimuSo qveyana gazeT ,,imunitetis’’ kiTxvebs jandacvis saministros jandacvis departamentis sazogadoebrivi janrmTelobis dacvisa da programebis sammarTvelos ufrosi eka adamia pasuxobs.

- saqarTvelom amerikuli farmacevtuli kompania ,,giliadis’’ xelSewyobiT C hepatitis eliminaciis programa daiwyo.ZiriTadad ras moicavs es programa da ramdenad warmatebulia igi saqarTveloSi ?

- C hepatitis eliminaciis programa aris msoflioSi uprecedento proeqti. saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqes aqvs SesaZlebloba, programis farglebSi, Caitaros diagnostikuri kvlevebi. daavadebis dadasturebis SemTxvevaSi ki imkurnalos uaxlesi Taobis medikamentebiT, romlebic sruliad amarcxebs am daavadebas. programa, romelic Cvens qveyanaSi sami welia moqmedebs, gulisxmobs, rogorc mkurnalobaSi CasarTav kvlevebs, aseve mkurnalobis procesis e.w monitoringis kvlevebs : genoti pis dadgena, RviZlis funqciuri sinjebi, sisxlis saerTo analizi. pacientic uSualod erTveba mkurnalobis procesSi da sruliad ufasod iRebs axali Taobis uZvires medikamentebs. mkurnalobis procesSi aseve mowmdeba mkurnaloba da es kvlevebi TanagadaxdiT aris dafaruli. rac Seexeba mkurnalobis dasrulebis Semdeg kvlevas, namdvilad ganikurna Tu ara beneficiari, aris sruliad ufaso.

imuniteti

2018 wlis 1 aprilis monacemebiT, proeqtSi CarTulia 45 300-ze meti pacienti. mkurnaloba ki daasrula 41 aTasamde beneficiarma, 98,2 %- Si Cven gvaqvs gankurnebis maCvenebeli, rac Zalian mniSvnelovania.

- 2015 wels saqarTveloSi Catarebuli populaciuri kvlevis mixedviT, daaxloebiT 150 aTasi adamiani aris daavadebuli C hepatitiT. aqedan ki, mxolod 45 aTasi aris aRricxvaze mosuli. aris Tu ara amis mizezi mosaxleobis arasaTanado informirebuloba da finansuri mxare ? miuxedavad imisa, rom medikamentebi ufasoa, ramdenime saxis analizi mxolod TanagadaxdiT aris SesaZlebeli.

- dRevandeli monacemebiT, qveyanaSi skriningi gavlili aqvs milion 600 aTasze met adamians. aqedan dadebiTi aris daaxloebiT 7,7 %. skriningis Semdeg aris konfirmaciuli kvleva, Tumca, pirveladi kvlevis Semdeg, Cven gvaqvs naklebi momarTvianoba. amitom

eliminaciis programa gulisxmobs skriningis kampaniasac - yvela hospitali, pirveladi jandacvis dawesebulebebi da daavadebaTa kontrolis centri aqtiurad CarTulia procesSi, amowmeben TiToeul pacients. am mxriv gvaqvs sakmaod maRali aqtivoba. erT-erTi barieri SesaZloa iyos finansuri mxarec,Tumca, miuxedavad imisa, rom ramdenime kvleva ufaso gaxda, aman mainc ar gazarda mniSvnelovnad beneficiarTa ricxvi. konfirmaciuli kvleva 2017 wlis pirveli dekembridan aris ufaso, Tumca, bolo monacemebiT, aqtivoba isev ar aris gazrdili. mkurnalobis dasrulebidan sami Tvis Semdeg isev utardebaT konfirmaciuli kvleva, raTa sabolood davadginoT es adamiani namdvilad ganikurna Tu ara. es kvlevac aris srulad

ufaso da, Sesabamisad, finansuri barieri ar arsebobs. miuxedavad amisa, am SemTxvevaSic, beneficiarTa gamocxadeba 100% -iani mainc ar aris.

- „zianis Semcirebis saqarTvelos qselis” mier 2014 wels momzadebuli angariSis mixedviT, programis erT-erT mTavar dabrkolebad geografiuli xelmisawvdomobac aris dasaxelebuli. medikamentebis mimwodebeli 31 dawesebuleba araTanabrad aris gadanawilebuli qveynis maStabiT. ra gamowvevebis winaSea dRes jandacvis saministro am mxriv da ras sTavazobs is beneficiarebs ?

- diax, erT-erTi problema aris geografiuli xelmisawvdomoba. amJamad, TiTqmis yovel regionSi TiTo dawesebulebaa, Tumca umetesoba Tavmoyrilia dedaqalaqSi. Cven vmuSaobT decentralizaciis proeqtze, rac niSnavs, rom saqarTvelos yvela municipalitetSi, minimum erTi dawesebuleba mainc iqneba. isini CaerTvebian am programaSi da diagnostikisa da saboloo gamokvlevebis srul serviss SesTavazeben beneficiarebs. aseve did qalaqebSic, TbilisSi, quTaissa da baTumSi daemateba klinikebi. Cven maqsimalurad SevecdebiT, rom ara marto saxlTan axlos iyos es dawesebuleba, aramed iseT adgilas, sadac xSirad dadis pacienti, Tundac pirveladi daxmarebis dawesebulebebSi an zianis Semcirebis centrSi. - ra ZiriTadi sirTuleebi gamovlinda am sami wlis ganmavlobaSi ? medikamentebi yvela ti pis virusze erTnairad moqmedebs, Tu aris gansakuTrebuli sirTuleebi konkretul pacientebTan ? garTuleba ar dafiqsirebula, Tumca, iyo SemTxvevebi, roca Sedegi iyo mcire da es ricxvi Seadgens 1, 8 %-s . programis pirvel etapze, partniorma kompaniam Cven mogvawoda medikamenti ,,sovaldi’’, Semdeg etapze ,,harvani’’, amJamad ki Cven velodebiT iseT medikaments, romelic e.w pangenoti puri formaa da kidev ufro gaamartivebs programaSi CarTvisTvis saWiro diagnostikur algoriTms. - jandacvis saministros informaciiT, saqarTvelos xelisuflebam saerTaSoriso partniorebi daarwmuna, rom swored saqarTvelo yofiliyo testqveyana C hepatitis virusis eliminaciisTvis. konkretulad rom gviTxraT, ra kriteriumebis mixedviT SeirCa saqarTvelo ?

- mniSvnelovania is, rom TviTon qveynis mxridan iyo daintereseba, Zalian maRali iyo sazogadoebis interesic, swored maTi aqtivobiT gax-

da es Tema da problema aqtualuri. saxelmwifom gamoxata Zalian didi politikuri neba, rom es proeqti ganxorcielebuliyo swored Cvens qveyanaSi da amasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva doneze mimdinareobda molaparakebebi.

Semdeg, ra Tqma unda, TviTon partniorma kompaniam Seiswavla saqarTveloSi arsebuli mdgomareoba, rom qveyanaSi daavadebis gavrcelebis maRali maCvenebelia, Tumca, amasTanave Cven gvyavs Zalian maRali donis specialistebi, aseve TiTqmis yvela sadiagnostiko kvleva, romelic sWirdeba am procesis warmarTvas, Cvens qveyanaSi aris xelmisawvdomi. aseve gvaqvs maRali donis laboratoriebi, garda amisa, saqarTvelo aris kompaqturi qveyana, ris gamoc programis miznis ganxorcieleba ufro iolad aris SesaZlebeli - mTavaria, rom aris mondomeba da interesi, rogorc saxelmwifos, aseve sazogadoebis mxridan.

- ratom aris C hepatitiT daavadebuli adamianebis ricxvi saqarTveloSi sakmaod maRali ? aris Tu ara stomatologiuri klinikebi da salonebi dRes problema ?

- C hepatitis eliminaciis programa aris sazogadoebrivi jandacvis mniSvnelobis mqone proeqti da aqedan gamomdinare , moicavs, rogorc mkurnalobis etaps, aseve sakomunikacio da prevenciul RonisZiebebs. maT Soris mniSvnelovania infeqciis kontrolis RonisZiebebi, romelic aqtiurad xorcieldeba qveyanaSi programis dawyebis dRidan. am programis warmateba Cvens qveyanaSi ara marto pacients gamoajanrmTelebs, aramed dagvexmareba imaSi, rom gvqondes gamarTuli samedicino dawesebulebebi ( sisxlis gadasxmis institutebi, saoperacio bloki, stomatologiuri klinikebi da sxva). silamazis salonebisTvis SemoRebulia teqnikuri reglamenti, romelic aqamde ar arsebobda. stomatologiuri klinikebi mowmdeba da Zalian bevri dajarimda an daixura kidec . maT mouwiaT mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaze zrunva, raTa daekmayofilebinaT dadgenili standarti.

Tu C hepatitis ukve gamovlenil SemTxvevebs vmkurnalobT da gadacemis gzebs yuradRebasac ar mivaqcevT, programis ganxorcielebas azri ar eqneba. uwyvetad gveyoleba pacientebis axali nakadi da maTi ricxvic ar Semcirdeba. es aris erTmaneTis Tanmdevi procesi da minda aRvniSno, rom wina wlebTan SedarebiT viTareba gaumjobesebulia.

ana baJunaiSvili

5

Sidsi

cota ram aiv infeqciisa da Sidsis Sesaxeb interviu epidemiolog maia cincaZesTan acobriobis arsebobis manZilze msoflios bevri epidemia axsovs, Tumca maT Soris gansakuTrebul adgils ikavebs aiv infeqcia, romelic aRmoCenis dRidan mokle xanSi globalur problemad iqca. saqarTveloSi pirveli SemTxveva 1989 wels dafiqsirda, qalaq soxumSi, amis Semdeg ki, 1990 wels, pirvelad sabWoTa kavSiris masStabiT TbilisSi Seiqmna Sidsisa da klinikuri imunologiis centri, romelic dRemde pasuxismgebelia daavadebis diagnostikaze, mkurnalobaze, prevenciasa da epidzedamxedvelobis sakiTxebze. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom virusis gavrcelebis SemTxvevebi yovelwliurad izrdeba, aiv-Tan dakavSirebuli nebismieri sakiTxi aqtualurad unda CavTvaloT. aqedan gamomdinare, ramdenime SekiTxviT infeqciuri paTologiis, Sidsisa da klinikuri imunologiis centris epidemiolog maia cincaZes mivmarTeT .

-qalbatono maia, bolo monacemebiT rogoria aiv infeqciiT daavadebuli adamianebis statistika ?

-2018 wlis 18 ivnisis monacemebiT infeqciuri paTologiis, Sidsisa da klinikuri imunologiis centrSi registrirebulia 7089 aivinficirebuli piri, maTgan 5304 – mamakaci, 1785 – qali. wels dafiqsirda 327 axali SemTxveva, rac SarSandel igive periodTan SedarebiT, 37 SemTxveviT metia. magram es ar aris sagangaSo Sedegi. ra Tqma unda, epidemiis safrTxec ar arsebobs. bolo wlebSi aseve cvlileba SeiniSneba asakobriv struqturasa da gadacemis gzebis tendenciaSi. wina wlebSi Tu 29-39 wlis adamianebSi iyo gavrcelebuli aiv infeqcia, asakma iklo da axla 19dan 30 wlis moqalaqeebSi Warbobs. rac Seexeba gadacemis gzebis cvlilebas, saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad es daavadeba narkotikis ineqciuri moxmarebiT vrceldeboda, Tumca bolo 10 wlis statistika rom aviRoT, davinaxavT, rom mcirdeba ineqciuri gziT gadacema da samagierod izrdeba sqesobrivi kontaqtiT gadacemis SemTxvevebi.

-ZiriTadad ra CivilebiT modian Sidsis centrSi pacientebi gamokvlevis Casatareblad?

-gamokvlevaze ZiriTadad modian iseTi adamianebi, romlebmac Caidines saeWvo risk qceva, romelic asocirde-

k

ba adamianis imuno deficitis virusis gadacemis riskTan, an romelTac aqvT klinikuri niSnebi, rac aseve asocirebulia am daavadebis damaxasiaTebel simptomur kompleqsTan. aqedan gamomdinare aris ori kategoria : romlebsac aqvT klinikuri niSnebi da hqondaT risk qceva. risk qcevaSi Sedis daucveli sqesobrivi kontati . miuxedavad xSiri propagandisa, rom ar SeiZleba SemTxveviTi sqesobrivi kontaqti Tavdacvis saSualebis gareSe, mainc ar xorcieldeba es saprofilaqtiko RonisZieba. virusis gadacemis riski Zalian gazrdilia mamakacebSi, romlebsac seqsi aqvT mamakacebTan . CvenTan modian is adamianebi, romlebic narkotiks moixmaren ineqciurad. aseve, vikvlevT epidCvenebis mixedviT, anu im adamianebs, romlebic arian virusis matareblis meuRle, sqesobrivi partniori an nemsis partniori. rac Seexeba Civilebs, aucileblad unda gavusvaT xazi imas, rom es Civilebi aris savaraudo da damaxasiaTebeli aramarto aivTan, aramed sxva virusebTan Tu infeqciebTan. es simptomebia: aramotivirebuli cxeleba, filtvebis anTeba, faRaraTi, Zlieri oflianoba , sxvadaxva saxis gamonayari, limfuri kvanZebis gadideba. aseve, aRsaniSnavia, rom yvela sisxli donoris da orsulis aiv testze ikvleva, ris Sedegadac, saqarTvloSi aRar ibadebian aivinficirebuli bavSvebi.

-dResdReobiT ramdenad efeqturia mowodebuli medikamentebiT mkunaloba ?

-dReisaTvis aiv infeqcia/Sidsis samkurnalod mowodebul mkurnalobas ewodeba antiretrovurusuli Terapia. es aris wamlebis kombinacia, romelic unda miviRoT mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi, imis gamo, rom es aris qronikuli marTvadi daavadeba, romlisgan gankurneba ar xdeba. medikamentebi uzrunvelyofen imas, rom ar progresirdeba daavadeba, anu adamiani rCeba virusis matarebeli, magram daavadebis bolo stadia, romelsac Sidsi ewodeba ar viTardeba. adamians aqvs kargi imuniteti da Tu imuniteti normis farglebSia, adamiani ar avadobs. swored es preparatebi ganapirobebs imas, rom pacientis aramarto sicocxlea gaxangrZlivebuli, aramed sicocxlis xarisxic maRalia. isini Tavs grZnoben da arian kidec sazogadoebis

srulyofili wevrebi. aqedan gamomdinare, SemiZlia vTqva, dRes aiv infeqciis mkurnalobisTvis Seqmnilia sakmaod maRali Sedegis preparatebia, romelic umravles SemTxvevaSi efeqturad moqmedebs.

-pacientebis ramden procentSi mimdinareobs mkurnaloba warmatebiT? -mkurnaloba Zalian efeqturia, magram ramden procentSi magis Tqma, Znelia, radgan didi mniSvneloba aqvs mkurnalobis Catarebis xarisxs. ramdenad icavs pacienti mkurnalobis reJims. damaviwyda, dameZina, Tan ar mqonda, ar aris gasasamarTlebeli sabuTi . wamali unda miviRoT aucileblad grafikis mixedviT. xSirad aris ukmayofileba imis Taobaze, Tu ratom unda miiRon mTeli sicocxlis ganmavlobaSi. mkurnalobis Sedegad virusi xdeba aragansazRvradi da faqtobrivad nulis tolia mocilkulire sisxlSi, Tumca mkurnalobis Sewyvetis SemTxvevaSi daavadeba kvlav progresirdeba. virusis aragansazRvradoba niSnavs imas, rom adamiani aramarto kargad aris, aramed, rac mTavaria, is aRar aris infeqciis wyaro epidemiologiuri TvalsazrisiT. amis gamo aRar vrceldeba daavadeba.

-rodesac adamiani aiv infeqcias aRmoaCens Sidsis stadiaSi, ramdenad efeqturia mkurnaloba da, zogadad, iwyeba Tu ara am dros mkurnaloba ?

-gaaCnia ramdenad Sors wasulia mdgomareoba da imis mixedviT ra e.w oportunistuli daavadebebi da simsivneebi aris ganviTarebuli . magram SeiZleba, am SemTxvevaSic efeqturi iyos mkurnaloba.

-ra xerxebs mimarTavs Sidsis centri adamianebis informirebisTvis?

-dResdReobiT maRalia am daavadebaze arsebuli stigma/diskriminacia , rasac informaciis nakleboba ganapirobebs. Jurnalistebs es daavadeba weliwadSi orjer axsendebaT. am sakiTxze adamianebis informirebulobas sistematuri saxe unda hqondes, raSic ukve didia mediis, arasamTavrobo organizaciebis roli. Sidsis centri xSirad atarebs sxvadasxva trenings, romelsac globaluri fondi afinansebs, maT Soris, samedicino personalSi, romelSic aseve maRalia stigmis arseboba da araerTxel yofila SemTxveva, rodesac statusis gamxelis Semdeg aramarto pacints, aramed Cvenc ver mogviZebnia eqimi, Tundac adamianis samSobiarod . bolo wlebSi Semcirda msgavsi faqtebi da xSiri aRaraa, magram samedicino personalSi es problemebi kvlav SeiniSneba. xSirad gviwevs imis mtkiceba, rom Tu maT klinikebSi daculia sterilizaciis standarti, virusis gavrcelebis safrTxe ar iarsebebs. bolo periodSi Sidsis centris mTavari prioriteti mkurnaloba gaxda, sazogadoebis informireba ki arasamTavrobo organizaciebs daekisraT. -ra gamowvevebis winaSe dgas Sidsis centri ?

-yvelaze didi gamowveva aris gviani diagnostika. yovelwliurad axali inficirebulebis mniSvnelovani nawili rCeba gamoukvlevi. Sedegad, izrdeba aiv infeqciis raodenoba. Cveni varaudiT, aiv inficirebulTa realuri ricxvi bevrad aRemateba 70089-s da daaxloebiT 11000-ia. adamianebi, romlebmac ar ician TavianTi aiv statusis Sesaxeb, ganagrZoben sarisko qcevas da avrceleben viruss. uaxlesi monacemebiT, axlad gamovlenil aiv/Sidsis avadobis 55% dgindeba gvian stadiaze, xolo 30%-ze mets ukve aReniSneba Sors wasuli forma, rac sikvdilianobis mTavari mizezia. aseve, samedicino xarjebis TvalsazrisiT, ekonomikurma analizma aCvena, rom gvian gamovlenasTan dakavSirebulia samedicino danaxarjebis 2-jer gazrda.

xatia dvali

6

imuniteti

warmatebis istoriebi

narkodamokidebulebis daZlevis AMBEBi ,urTulesia CemTvis am Temaze laparaki. TiTqmis aravis vandob xolme Cems gulistkivils. 15 wlis viqnebodi, rodesac pirvelad im realobas Sevejaxe, romliTac Semdeg cxovreba daviwye. imdenad CamiTria ,,kaifma’’, rom nel-nela Cem garSemo adamianebi qrebodnen, radgan realur samyaros veRar aRviqvamdi. ararealur planetaze vcxovrobdi, romlidanac arasodes aRar mindoda dabruneba. vicodi, rom, upirvelesad, sakuTar Tavs viRupavdi, SemdgomSi ki Cems ojaxs vanadgurebdi, Tumca imdenad unebisyofo aRmovCndi, sanam simartove ar vigrZeni ver gamovfxizldi. davrCi sruliad marto, gariyuli adamianebisgan, rogorc okeaneSi patara kunZuli. daviwye brZola sakuTar TavTan, rac yvelaze rTuli etapi aRmoCnda Cems cxovrebaSi. viyavi gaorebuli, Tumca, vicodi, Tu axla davnebdebodi, es samudamo damarcxebis tolfasi iqneboda. me moverie sakuTar Tavs da vityvi, rom dRes gacilebiT janmrTeli var, vidre 10 wlis win. Cemi istoriiT minda is adamianebi gavamxnevo, romlebic axla brZolis procesSi arian. mTavaria, sakuTari Tavis rwmena arasodes dakargoT da mixvdebiT, rom cxovreba sifxizled Rirs.“

ebis a da narkotik . quCaSi dgomiT iT vi Ta wl a na rv go , me Si oTx kedel sac ,,kai ti pi“ mdeg, rodesac viyavi Se ni a ia ,,iyo dro, rode mc am Tu ad i, vi l coda vi dakavebu rom yvelaze sa ma gasaRebiT viya TavTan mivxvdi, zemoT xsenebul r a bi Ta Te ku ke sa mi Ci me ra a Tu Ti wu Si marto davr da od ri e, saaTi ai ti pobis“ pe va ramdeni Tve, dR , nj eT ta in i, msoflioSi. ,,k dg qr oi fi a, rm ar yofil Se nebina. aba wa na re ma ga ma is iT l l eb we nu l a rv mi sina a gaci i?! arcerTi wa patimroba, Tumc axisTvis Cemi mTels am droS meuRle oj i mi eS Ce Tv da n s da CemTvi da. dakavebi Cn mo aR oda, gamda wameba iyo a eb ic ul ar a, radgan od rkodamokideb eb na od mi ml Ce me i, da ul rT li ver Svi, vifiqre, ga ra, rom rva we , martivad gavu vi ya a vi rv i da ur vi l damcilda. miTx ga d uZ moxda.

Tu ara. imdena Zlia-meTqi. asec e. mi wy Se vi da ra ovswordebodi an Tu id b a furcl da dagimtkice yvelaze sufT Tar oval cixidan n da cxovreba da mendoboda, saku xi c ci in ma di ve sa mo ri ga af is me el i, yv l or we avad ebiT da sw ed megobari, miuxed i misive finans goeb me rs ic ku l gCemi bavSvobis me in en adamiani, ro matara tr i ga , eT is To , mr na Ca Zi bi Si xd i biznes sxvanair sabaZic ga ewoni ki ara, mi xdariyavi sul vm sa ga mo a es od ar xm ol me mx da vis yofil meuRl axis wevrebisaT i var da Cems el n ob ia l l Za mf e is brebisa da oj l ar ma -b i sul is me ori kafe isia, Cemi saxel esme wy od sa e da dr boda. dReisaTv od vi b, ol Te gavake rom es jer mx cilebiT bevrs minda vuTxra, aSi da imaze ga an ey qv a eb xd cnobili ga warmogedgina.

,,Cemi istoria didad ar gansxvavdeba sxva narkodamokidebuli adamianis istoriebisagan, Tumca mainc minda movyve, rac Tavs gadamxda. ver vityvi, rom sxvebma CamiTries am ambavSi, radgan imdenad Zlieri nebisyofis adamiani megona Cemi Tavi, rom warmoudgenlad meCveneboda, Tu rogor SeiZleboda adamianebis zegavleniT raime gamekeTebina, Tumca usustesi aRmovCndi sakuTari Tavis winaSe, romelsac droTa ganmavlobaSi veRar vcnobdi. megobrebTan erTad klubSi viyavi, rodesac Cemive nebiT, Cemive gaanalizebiT pirvelad CaverTe am saqmianobaSi. ar mibrZolia, radgan, vfiqrobdi, rom iseTi fsiqikis adamians, rogoric me viyavi, kviraSi erTxel ,,garToba,“ Tumca, rodesac aRniSnuli mdgomareoba gaxSirda CemSi da irgvliv myofebma SeamCnies Tu ra memarTeboda, Cemda gasakvirad vigrZeni udidesi gverdiT dgoma rogorc megobrebis, aseve mSoblebis mxridan da davubrundi Zvel cxovrebas, magram, samwuxarod, me dRes var yvelaze susti nebisyofis mqone adamiani, Tumca imdenad vcdilob, Tavis xelSi ayvanas, gaognebuli var xolme sakuTari saqcieliT.“

naTia kostava

cxovreba aiv dadebiTi diagnoziT

a

iv infeqciisa da Sidsis arsebobis Sesaxeb msofliom 80-iani wlebis dasawyisSi Seityo. infeqciam Tavidan sazogadoebidan gariyuli narkomanebisa da homoseqsuali mamakacebis wreSi iCina Tavi. Tavad virusis da misi mkurnalobis Sesaxeb cnobebi ki saerTod ar arsebobda. informaciis nakleboba Tavismxriv gaurkvevlobas iwvevda, rac stigmatizaciisa da diskriminaciis ganmapirobebel faqtorad iqca. dReis TvalsazrisiT, Zalian bevri ram gaxda cnobili aRniSnul daavadebasTan dakavSirebiT, marTalia, misi srulad gankurneba kvlavac aRemateba medicinis Zalebs, Tumca medikamentebis saSualebiT, is momakvdinebeli daavadebidan qronikulad marTvad daavadebad iqca. sazogadoebaSi arsebobs mosazreba, romlis Tanaxmadac aiv infeqcia da Sidsi erTi da igive mniSvnelobiT aRiqmeba, rac mcdaria. aiv infeqcia iSifreba rogorc adamianis imunodeficitis virusiT infeqcia. Sidsi ki misi terminaluri anu saboloo stadiaa. Sidsi aris igive SeZenili imuno deficitis sindromi. aiv virusiT dainficireba ki maSinve ar niSnavs, rom

imuniteti

adamians Sidsi aqvs. sakuTriv Sidsi aRniSnavs aiv-iT dainficirebis Sedegad gamowveul mdgomareobas. aiv infeqcia/Sidsi registrirebulia msoflios xuTive kontinentis 206 qveyanaSi. misi yvelaze meti SemTxveva oficialurad aRricxulia amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, magram sakuTriv inficirebulTa raodenoba yvelaze meti afrikis kontinentzea. evropaSi ki is yvelaze metad gavrcelebulia safrangeTSi, espaneTsa da italiaSi. evropaSi misi gavrcelebis ZiriTadi mizezi sqesobrivi kontaqtebia, xolo, magaliTad, ruseTsa da ukrainaSi, narkotikebis ineqciuri moxmareba. saqarTveloSi 2017 wlis monacemebiT aiviT inficirebulia 6711 adamiani, saidanac 1698 qali, xolo 5013 mamakacia. imis miuxedavad, rom 21-e saukuneSi Tundac teqnologiuri TvalsazrisiT, Zalian gamartivebulia informaciis mopoveba ama Tu im sakiTxze, sazogadoebaSi aiv infeqcia/SidsTan dakavSirebiT Zalian bevri iseTi mosazreba arsebobs, romelic sinamdvilesTan araTu axlos ar dgas, aramed odnavadac ki ar Seesabameba mas. saqarTvolo SidsTan brZolis kuTxiT erT-erT mowinave adgils ikavebs, qveyanaSi aiv dadebiTi diagnozis mkurnaloba ufasoa, Tumca qveyana, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aseve mowinavea aRniSnul daavadebaTa mqone adamianebis Sesaxeb stereoti pebisa da kliSeebis arsebobis mxriv. komunikaciis menejeri goCa gaboZe 27 wlisaa. igi ramdenime arasamTavrobo organizaciaSi muSaobs, amave dros sxvadasxva kampaniebis saSualebiT cdilobs ufro informirebuli gaxados sazogadoeba adamianTa mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb, Tvlis rom informacia swored is iaraRia romlis daxmarebiTac sazogadoebas SeuZlia daZlios stigmebisa Tu stereoti pebis arseboba, romelTa gamoc gansxvavebuli adamianebi gariyulni xdebian. aiv dadebiTi diagnozi 23 wlis asakSi daudginda,

ambobs, rom odesRac garkveulwilad Tavadac stereoti puli damokidebuleba hqonda am diagnozis matarebeli adamianebis mimarT. “miuxedavad imisa, rom garkveuli treningebic mqonda gavlili da vicodi, rom es daavadeba 21-e saukuneSi ukve aRaraa daavadeba, romelic klavs da swori mkurnalobis SemTxvevaSi, adamianebi cocxloben maqsimalurad didxans, mainc rTuli iyo am ambis miReba. Sevwyvite universitetSi swavlac, radgan vfiqrobdi, rom bevrad ufro mniSvnelovani ambebi mqonda gasakeTebeli, vidre universitetis darCenili 2 weli iyo. dRes aivi aris marTvadi qronikuli daavadeba, iseve rogorc, magaliTad diabeti da aucilebelia, rom mosaxleobas swori damokidebuleba hqondes aiv diagnozis

“aucilebelia, rom mosaxleobas swori damokidebuleba hqondes aiv diagnozis matarebeli adamianebis mimarT, raTa xeli ar SeuSalos maT mkurnalobis procesSi CarTvaSi”- goCa gaboZe matarebeli adamianebis mimarT, raTa xeli ar SeuSalos maT mkurnalobis procesSi CarTvaSi. es Zalian standartuli mdgomareobaa me dReSi mxolod sam ab wamals viReb da mxolod es ganmasxvavebs sxva adamianebisagan.”-ambobs, goCa gaboZe. xSirad ismis kiTxva, Tu ra gziTaa SesaZlebeli aRniSnuli “virusiT” adamianis dainficireba, da aseve, yvelaze xSirad am diagnozis mqone adamianTa diskriminaciasa da stigmatizacias swored is adamianebi axdenen, romlebsac ar aqvT Sesabamisi codna aRniSnul Temaze. unda iTqvas, rom aiv infeqcia/

Sidsi ar gadadis inficirebuli adamianis SexebiT, misi cremliT, ofliT, nerwyviT, an ubralod, masTan erTad erT garemoSi yofniT. infeqciis gavrceleba xdeba sisxliT, sqesobrivi kavSiriTa da dedis rZiT bavSvze. goCa gaboZis TqmiT, adamianebs, zogjer hgoniaT rom sayofacxovrebo urTierTobisas SeiZleba dainficirdes adamiani. “hgoniaT, rom Wiqidan, romliTac svam yavas SeiZleba dainficirdes sxva adamiani.” fiqrobs, rom stigmebisa da sazogadoebaSi arsebuli barierebis dasaZlevad saWiroa Riad saubari, piradi magaliTebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom sazogadoeba dRes SedarebiT informirebulia, aiv dadebiTi diagnozis mqone adamianebs saqarTveloSi kvlavac eSiniaT gamoamJRavnon TavianTi statusi, radgan xSir SemTxvevaSi, amis gamo isini ver iReben Sesabamis momsaxurebas, magaliTad silamazis salonebSi, stomatologiur Tu sxva dawesebulebebSi. xSirad isini ver axerxeben mimarTon garkveul uwyebebs, rodesac maTi uflebebi irRveva, radgan metwilad konfidencialuroba araa daculi, Semdgom periodSi ki aiv inficirebuli adamianisTvis cxovrebiseuli problemebi ufro xSirad iCens Tavs, rac isev da isev sazogadoebaSi arsebuli stigmebis arsebobiTaa ganpirobebuli. diagnozi aiv dadebiTi ukve didi xania aRar warmoadgens momakvdinebel daavadebas, igi swori mkurnalobis SemTxvevaSi marTvadia. goCa gaboZe ki erT-erT naTel magaliTs warmoadgens imisa, Tu rogor SeiZleba profesiuli Tu socialuri kuTxiT adamianma miaRwios warmatebas garkveul sferoSi, miuxedavad aiv dadebiTi diagnozisa. imisaTvis ki, rom sazogadoebaSi aRniSnuli diagnozis mqone adamianebis srulfasovani integracia moxdes saWiroa vebrZoloT Tavad aiv infeqcias/ Sidss da ara mis mqone adamianebs.

nata Tvauri

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sxva gverdi

daavadeba, romelic „samarcxvinoa" me-20 saukunis Savi Wiri, ase uwodeben daavadebas, romelmac dawyebis dRidan dRemde 30 milionamde adamianis sicocxle imsxverpla. Sidsi - SeZenili imuno deficitis sindromi, misi gamomwvevi virusiT inficirebulebis ricxvi amJamad sarekordo ormoc milions aRwevs. saqarTveloSi upirveles risk-jgufs narkomomxmareblebi warmoadgenen, Tumca arsebobs SemTxvevebi, rodesac dedisgan Svils da meuRlisgan meuRles gadaecema. ramdenime wlis win quTaisSi iyo SemTxvevac, roca sisxlis gadasxmiT dainficirda, anu gadaicema rogorc horizontalurad, aseve vertikalurad. aiv infeqcia/Sidsis pirveli SemTxveva saqarTveloSi 1989 wels gamovlinda. 2016 wlis 1 dekembris monacemebiT, saqarTveloSi 6065 aiv-inficirebulia.

2015 wels es ricxvi 663-iT naklebi iyo. oficialuri cifrebi aseTia: daregistrirebulia 6065 aiv inficirebuli, maT Soris 4508 – mamakacia, 1557 – qali. daregistrirebulTa umravlesobis asaki 29 – 40 welia. mosaxleobis umravlesoba mas sikvdilTan aigivebs, inficirebulebs ki narkomomxmareblebTan, homoseqsualebsa da meZavebTan. Znelad

warmoudgeniaT sxva kategoriis xalxic Tu SeiZleba iyos daavadebuli, faqtia, mosaxleobis nawilma ar icis, ra gzebiT gadadis es daavadeba da dainfirebulebTan saubarsac ki gaurbis.

Cven gavesaubreT erT-erT pirovnebas, romelsac pirobiTad daTos davarqmevT. is 27 wlisaa da aiv infeqcia/ Sidsi 2 wlis win daudgines, SemTxveviTi seqsualuri kavSiris Semdeg. misi TqmiT, misi cxovreba dasrulda, - „am daavadebis aRmoCenis Semdeg xalxi gamarjobasac ar meubneba, samsaxuridanac gamomiSves, CemTan erTad erT oTaxSic ar Cerdebian. albaT, hgoniaT, haeriT gadaedebaT, megobrebic CamomSordnen, mokled, aRaravis aRar vadardeb, aRarc vWirdebi, Cemi yvelas eSinia.“ daTos msgavsi kidev bevria, visac erTma Secdomam cxovreba Tavdayira dauyena, mosaxleoba ki maT „keTrovanebiviT” eqceva maSin, roca yvelaze metad axla sWirdebaT gverdSi dgoma, megobari da TanagZnoba. kvlevam, romelic Cavatare specialurad am sakiTxze - ramdenad informirebulia sazogadoeba am Temaze, arc iseTi sagangaSo Sedegi momca, rogorsac vvaraudobdi. gamokiTxulTa 89%-ma

icoda, ra gzebiT gadaicema es daavadeba, Tumca gaurkveveli rCeba, ratom riyavs sazogadoeba daavadebulebs, Tu ician, rom Tavad safrTxe ar emuqrebaT maTTan megobrobiT an Tundac saubriT. inficirebulebs xSirad samedicino daxmarebaze uars eubnebian da iZulebulsac ki xdian, damalon aiv statusi. aiv infeqciis daavadebulTa realuri qarTuli magaliTebi: „inficirebulis dedam Seityo Svilis mdgomareoba da 10 wlis SvilTan erTad saxlidan gaagdo, samarcxvino Svili ar mWirdebao.“ „pacients esaWiroeboda Tvalis operacia, gaamxila Tavisi statusi saavadmyofoSi, ris Semdegac kategoriuli uari uTxres da problema mxolod SidsiT daavadebulTa daxmarebis fondis CareviT mogvarda.“ ,,pacientis aiv statusma samsaxurSi Woris doneze gaJona, xelmZRvanelobam pirdapir ver daiTxova, magram oficialurad mosTxova yvela TanamSromels, Sidsze gamokvleva gaekeTebinaT. pacienti, romelmac icoda Tavisi statusi, iZulebuli gaxda, samsaxuridan wamosuliyo.“ oficialuri statistikis Tanaxmad,

Sidsi ganuviTarda aiv infeqciiT daavadebul 3399 pacients, maT Soris, 1201 adamiani gardaicvala. es saqarTvelos Sidsis centris specialistTa mieraa daangariSebuli. isini Tvlian, rom dagvianebuli mimarTvebi, ZiriTadad, ganpirobebulia sazogadoebaSi gavrcelebuli ,,SidsofobiiT.“ aseve, arian adamianebi, romlebsac SeiZleba hqondeT eWvi, rom sWirT aiv infeqcia, magram eSiniaT am diagnozis dadasturebis, vinaidan fiqroben, rom mainc araferi eSvelebaT. kidev erTi mizezi sxva profilis eqimTa dabali informirebulobaa – zogjer isini wlebis ganmavlobaSi daarbenineben pacientebs sxvadasxva gamokvlevaze da azradac ar mosdiT, gaagzavnon aiv analizze. ,,Tu ar riyaven maT, visac tuberkuliozi, ce hepatiti, simsivne an gri pi aqvT, ra davaSaveT Cven? Cvenc xom iseve avad varT, rogorc isini? ratomaa, rom xalxis TvalebSi zizRs vxedavT? ratom miaCniaT es daavadeba sircxvilad? Cvenc xom Cveulebrivi adamianebi varT Cveni gasaWiriT? am kiTxvebze Zalian minda, vinmem mi pasuxos.” ganacxada daTom CvenTan interviusas.

Tamar firaniSvili

evropis qveynebisa da saqarTvelos gza dekriminalizacia-legalizaciamde da mas Semdeg narkotikebis liberalizacia moicavs narkotikuli saSualebebis dekriminalizaciasa da narkotikebis legalizacias. saqarTvelom zogierTi narkotikuli saSualebis (marixuanas) dekriminalizacia daakanona, ris Sedegadac gauqmda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna marixuanas momxmareblebze. Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom marixuanas moxmareba kanonieria. administraciuli sasjeli 500 laris odenobiT kvlav ZalaSia. gauqmda mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna im raodenobis marixuanas aRmoCenaze, rac piradi moxmarebisTvisaa gaTvlili, esaa 5 gramamde gamxmari marixuana da 10 gramamde nedli. Sesabamisad, dekriminalizacia ar niSnavs legalizacias. sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad miiCneva am raodenobaze meti marixuanas qona. dekriminalizacia ki gulisxmobs dasaSvebi raodenobis marixuanas moyvanas, moxmarebasa da tarebas.

n

arkotikebis liberalizacia moicavs narkotikuli saSualebebis dekriminalizaciasa da narkotikebis legalizacias. saqarTvelom zogierTi narkotikuli saSualebis (marixuanas) dekriminalizacia daakanona, ris Sedegadac gauqmda sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna marixuanas momxmareblebze. Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom marixuanas moxmareba kanonieria. administraciuli sasjeli 500 laris odenobiT kvlav ZalaSia. gauqmda mxolod sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna im raodenobis marixuanas aRmoCenaze, rac piradi moxmarebisTvisaa gaTvlili, esaa 5 gramamde gamxmari marixuana da 10 gramamde nedli. Sesabamisad, dekriminalizacia ar niSnavs legalizacias. sisxlis samarTlis danaSaulad miiCneva am raodenobaze meti marixuanas qona. dekriminalizacia ki gulisxmobs dasaSvebi raodenobis marixuanas moyvanas, moxmarebasa da tarebas. estoneTSi aris dekriminalizacia, xolo legalizacia - ara. lietuasa da latviaSi ki dekriminalizaciac araa. es ganpirobebulia am or qveyanaSi narkotikebis moxmarebis isedac maRali maCvenebliT. rogorc viciT, erT-erTi yvelaze liberaluri narkopolitika holandiaSia. aq specialuri kafeebia, sadac daSvebulia marixuanas gayidva.

germaniaSi, espaneTSi, italiaSi, rumineTSi, xorvatiasa da CexeTSi aris dekriminalizacia. evropaSi (TurqeTisa da norvegiis CaTvliT) 2015 wels gadaWarbebuli doziT 8 440 adamiani gamoesalma sicocxles. es sagangaSo ricxvia erTi wlisaTvis. narkotikebis zedmeti doziT gamowveul gardacvalebis SemTxvevebs amcirebs e.w. “narkotikebis moxmarebis aRmofxvris oTaxebi“(drug consumption rooms), romlebic legalurad evropis 8 qveyanaSi aris gaxsnili. esenia: germania, Sveicaria, holandia, norvegia, dania, espaneTi, luqsemburgi da saberZneTi. pirveli iyo Sveicaria, qalaq bernSi 1986 wels gaixsna kafe-barebi, sadac narkomomxmareblebs SeeZloT janmrTelobisTvis saWiro informaciis miReba da avadmyofobis damarcxeba. aq narkotikebi ar iyo nebadarTuli, Tumca gamoyofili iyo adgilebi mosawevad da sniffing as well as injecting. holandiaSi msgavsi oTaxebi 1990 wlidanaa, Tumca ar iyo legaluri 1996 wlamde. 2010 wels consumption oTaxebis raodenobam 37 Seadgina, romlebic ganTavsebuli iyo 25 sxvadasxva qalaqSi. aqac aris gamoyofili adgilebi mowevisa da ineqciisTvis, sadac drois gatarebis ufleba limitirebulia. germaniaSi aseTi oTaxebi iyo mx-

olod hamburgsa da frankfurtSi, sanam 2000 wels ar gaxdeboda legaluri. mas Semdeg ki narkomomxmareblebisTvis gankuTvnili oTaxebi 26 aris, 17 sxvadasxva qalaqSi. aq sufTa garemoSi SeuZliaT Caitaron mkurnaloba, miiRon ufaso prezervativebi da a.S. DCR (drug consumption rooms) aqaa narkotikebis miRebisaTvis aradamamcirebeli garemo, higienurad daculi narkomomxmareblebisaTvis. aseve arsebobs mobiluri drug consumption oTaxebi, esaa evropis mxolod 3 qveyanaSi espaneTSi, gemaniasa da daniaSi. yovelwliurad narkotikebis gadaWarbebuli moxmarebis Sedegad uamravi adamiani iRupeba. gardacvlilTa ricxvi yvelaze didia estoneTSi, mas mosdevs SvedeTi, norvegia da dania. oTxive CamoTvlil qveyanaSi dekriminalizacia aris, Tumca ar aris legalizacia (garkveuli specialurad gamoyofil adgilebs Tu ar CavTvliT). aRsaniSnavia, rom portugaliaSi gadaWarbebuli narkotikebis miRebis Sedegad gardacvlili adamianebis ricxvi erT-erTi yvelaze naklebia. Tumca am qveyanas 17 wliani gamocdileba aqvs dekriminalizaciis, igi iyo pirveli, romelmac 2001 wels gamoacxada msubuqi narkotikuli saSualebebi dekriminalizebulad. es gamoiwvia iman, rom portugaliam dekriminalizaciasTan erTad daiwyo narkomomxmareblebis mkurnaloba. evropis 10 qveyanaSi: daniaSi, estoneTSi, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, italiaSi, irlandiaSi, lietueaSi, norvegiaSi, espaneTsa da did britaneTSi aris nacionaluri naloqsonis programebi (national naloxone programme ) saxlis (takehome) pirobebSi da aseve lokaluri adgilebSi misi miRebisa. naloqsoni aris qimiuri nivTiereba, romlis kan-

qveS (kunTSi an kritikul situaciaSi venaSi) SeyvaniT SesaZlebelia gadavarCinoT adamiani gadaWarbebuli narkotikuli saSualebis miRebis SemTxvevaSi. SedarebisaTvis - SotlandiaSi naloqsonis programis miRebamde da mas Semdeg rac programis ganxorcieleba daiwyo, mniSvnelovnad Semcirda opioiduri (sinTeturi narkotikuli preparati) saSualebiT mowamvlis Sedagad gardacvlili adamianebis ricxvi. 200610 wlebamde da 2011-13 wlebis Semdeg opioiduri saSualebebisgan gamowveuli sikvdilianoba 9.8% - dan 6.3% - mde Semcirda. evropuri qveynebis gamocdilebidan da statistikuri monacemebidan Cans, rom narkopolitikisadmi liberalurma damokidebulebam dadebiTi Sedegi gamoiRo. dRes saqarTvelos miRweuli aqvs is, rom msubuqi narkotikuli saSualebis moxmarebisTvis adamianebs aRar iWeren, Tumca sakmarisad ar aris xelmisawvdomi gamosajanmrTelebeli da gamajansaRebeli programebi.

beqa saxvaZe

redaqcia: redaqtori: neli verulaSvili

damkabadonebeli: nino SubiTiZe

korespondentebi: beqa moseliZe, nino metreveli, cira xundaZe, gvanca muSkop-

iSvili, ana baJunaiSvili, xatia dvali, naTia kostava, nata Tvauri, Tamar firaniSvili, beqa saxvaZe, neli verulaSvili, nino SubiTiZe xelmZRvaneli: asistent-profesori magda memaniSvili

8

imuniteti