DOUBLY CURVED SURFACE -Semester 7 from material Lycra & bamboo

FABRIC FORMWORK

PARAMETRIC STUDIO FABRIC FORMWORK COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN GEOMETRIC EXPLORATION AND MATERIAL EXPLORATION MATERIAL : BAMBOO STICK AND LYCRA ( FOUR WAY STRECHABLE FABRIC )

SUBMITTED BY : NEHA KUMARI PRAGYA LAKSHMI JANHAVI GUPTA

Our Aim was to develop a doubly curve surface that could be adapt to variety of configuration and easily reproduced. The project research started with geometric exploration with Affordable , resistant and light structure we chose Bamboo struts and Lycra ( Four way streachable ) and third tieing matrial pico thread as a studied material. We investigated its principal characteristic , limitation , and possible joinery detail.

In the beginning to obtain doubly curve surface we explore different types of geometry formation with bamboo struts , Lycra and pico thread.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Secondly we explore the effect of different geometries resulting from a system of arrangement of struts ( bamboo sticks ) and four way stretchable fabric or elastic membrane ( lycra ) in diffrent pattern . With aim to achieve doubly curved surface.Firstly, attempt to utilize a single component to create a varied 3D , doubly curved surface assembly .

The component is composed of a single geometric form with a system of notches.That when assembled to create 3D network of component to keep maximum cloth in tension with minimum material , such resulting form achieves a height.

Once the project was thought as a system developed that can be adapt to many organisation, analysis were ran to demonstrate the system potential and its possible appliance, for example Mesh density , and membrane placing were studied to reach a sun shading function, radiation , shadow function for structure.

The process was taken thought digital and physical exploration combined . For instance , physical intractive prototypes were required to joints behaviour comprehension and its reproduction on digital domain . On the other hand computational tools were necessary to generate accurate globle organisation and to prove that the system works in a 1 : 1 scale.

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

1

01. Introduction 02. Material choice 03. Doubly curve experiment: 3.1. Chapter : 1- TRI-aNGULATION 3.1.1 : Initial experiment 3.1.2 : Stage : 1 : Exploration with bamboo struts, lycra and pico thread.

3.1.3 : Stage : 2 : Exploration with system of different geometry.

3.2. Chapter : 2 - TENSe-FRAMING 3.2.1 : Initial experiment 3.2.2 : Stage : 1 : Exploration with bamboo struts and lycra.

3.2.3 : Stage : 2 : Experiments with selected geometry.

3.2.4 : Stage : 3 : Final module .

CONTENT

CONTENTS

04. Conditions considered.

2

05. The Site : intervention.

06. Joints design.

07. Iteration and its detail 08. Analysis.

8.1 : Daylight analysis.

8.2 : Solar Radiation analysis.

8.3 : Sunpath 8.4 : wind roase 09. Model Assembly.

10. Planning 11. Conclusion.

12. Refrence.

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Tensile structure is a construction of elements carrying only tension and no compression.

The term tensile should not be confused with tensegrity, which is a structural form with both tension and compression elements. They are the most common type of thin-shell structures.

During material exploration, bamboo and 4-ways stretchable fabric i.e., lycra proved to be the most suitable material to develop a light weight structure.

Physical exploration is divided into two parts:

INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

 Triangulation - in which bamboo sticks are tied up with third material, then fabric is cut into triangular shape; fabric is then stretched and pasted to bamboo. This process was a failure because fabric failed to act as a main component and acted as a skin.  Tens-framing - Wooden frames were created of A3 and A0 size, nailing was done after every 35mm so that it could hold the fabric and create tension. A certain pattern was created by bamboos. Then fabric was removed from the nail, bamboo helped the fabric to get shape and also acted as struts.

During digital analysis, the experiments were digitally created and analyzed to prove that they could be reproduced in a large scale. Our ambition with this project was not only to develop a doubly curved structure but also to prove that the materials used in it are light weighted and have strength.

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

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Membrane structures utilize principles of tensegrity to resolve tension and compression forces into an ultralightweight, free-spanning structureThey consist of two main elements: 1) a continuous textile membrane 2) a series of compressive struts.

Lycra (textile membrane)

Bamboo Strut The material lycra also known as spandex has been used as a continuous membrane treated as a flexible cover.

Generally, it can be stretched more than 500% without breaking, Stronger, more durable and higher retractive force than rubber.

Fig. length of the strut To accommodate the concentrations of stress, the fabric is streched in terms of its elasticity.

The fabric then, was cut into desired size in terms of its strechability.

15 10 35 20

240

55 30 80 40 110 50

The bamboo struts are long sticks usually 240 mm long, with 3mm diameter.

The struts were cut into desired size, and were tied using pico tangus thread.

3

MATERIAL CHOICE

MATERIAL CHOICE

24

125 60

3

4

Fig. diameter of the strurt 145 70 180 80 195 90 220 100

Fig. strechability of lycra

Fig. struts

Fig. struts formed to triangles

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1

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

CHAPTER : 01

01. TRI-aNGULATION MATERIAL : Bamboo struts & lycra , to fixed structure third material pico thread used to tie.

Lightweight , Tensegrity membrane This research focus on trying to obtain doubly curve surface from different angle oe same angle is repeating for complete form or system or module , tieing with third member , making as self supporting membrane .

Project explore the possibilityof framing of lycra membrane with hinged bamboo frame to obtain doubly curved surface .

Making structure lightweight and integrating all the elements within the membrane were the primery conceptual drivers.

The objective is to create structure firstly through framing with bamboo struts and later it bears its own load on the account of tensigrity. The structure consist of soft membrane with rigid elementvand inflatably patterns that are seamlessly integrated with it.

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

5-6

EXPERIMENT : 1 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit (triangle ) made of struts with joing edge.

60

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Fig .1. Strut arrangments forming triangle as one unit.

80

VARIABLE:

110

60

80

80

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

50

60

110 Fig.2. Strut and lycra arrangment

110 Fig.3. Lycra streached to fit in triangle 7

No . of trignale : 1 No of strut :3

Fig .4. Strut arrangments forming triangle as one unit.

Fig.5. Strut and lycra arrangment

Fig.6. Lycra streached to fit in triangle

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts

Connection point Tension point

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Type : 1 : This system is derived from connecting vertex of the triangle with each other and five triangle are used to make this module

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

356

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

No . of trignale : 5 No of strut : 15 Hinged joint : 4

241

356

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

8

Type : 2 : This system is derived from connecting edge of the triangle with each other and nine triangle are used to make this module

380

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

150

No . of trignale : 9 No of strut : 27 Hinged joint : 10

380

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

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9

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Type : 3 : This system is derived from connecting face of the triangle with each other .

VARIABLE:

223 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Fig .1. Plan with connection

No . of trignale : 9 No of strut : 27 Hinged joint : 6

138

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

138

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Fig.5. Side with tension point

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

10

147

Type : 4 : This system is derived from connecting edge and vertex of the triangle with each other at centre of the strut.

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

VARIABLE:

384

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

171

No . of trignale : 15 No of strut : 45 Hinged joint : 10

11

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Type : 4 : This system is derived from connecting face to face of the triangle with each other.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

94

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

343

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

VARIABLE:

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

No . of trignale : 14 No of strut : 42 Hinged joint : 8

148

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

343

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more triangle result in more doubly curve

Fig .7. Top view Connection point Tension point

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

12

EXPERIMENT : 2 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit (Square ) made of struts with joing edge.

90 CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

80

80

60

90 110

110

Fig .1. Strut arrangments forming Square as one unit.

Fig.2. Strut and lycra arrangment

110 Fig.3. Lycra streached to fit in triangle 13

No . ofSquare : 1 No of strut :4

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts

Fig .4. Strut arrangments forming Square as one unit.

Connection point Tension point

Fig.5. Strut and lycra arrangment

Fig.6. Lycra streached to fit in triangle

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

222

Type : 1 : This system is derived from connecting vertex of the triangle with each other.

VARIABLE:

128

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

443

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

No . ofSquare : 6 No of strut : 24 hinged joint : 5

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

14 434

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

151

Type : 2 : This system is derived from connecting face of the triangle with each other , Aim to create doubly curve surface from the module

VARIABLE:

66

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

162 356

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

No . of Square : 16 No of strut : 64 hinged joint : 20

15

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. isometric view connection

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

16

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

17

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

EXPERIMENT : 4 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit triangle by making differnt angle or geometry in between forms , which is made of struts with joing edge.

VARIABLE:

161

500

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

851

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Fig .1. side view

Fig.2.height and curvature obtained Fig.3:

Plan

Number of struts : 396 No of triangle : 132 No of triangle as single unit : 44 Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for form.

18

Length : 85cm Height : 50cm Fig .4. Single unit triangle

Fig.5. triangle at different angle

Fig.6.triangle forming pentagon

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

19

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

EXPERIMENT : 5 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit triangle by making triangle as one unit and derived many geometry from that one single unit , which is made of struts with joing edge.

322 174

350

104

263

325 565

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of struts : 288

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

115

VARIABLE:

600

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

194 481

Fig .1. Plan

Fig.2. plan with connection detail Fig.3. height and curvature obtained

No of triangle : 96 No of triangle as single unit : 32 Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for form.

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

20 Length : 60cm Height : 35cm

Fig .4. Single unit triangle

Fig.5. connection or hinjed point

Fig.6. connection or hinjed points

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Side view

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

21

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

EXPERIMENT : 6 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Square by creating square inside the square system , which are made of struts with joing edge.

VARIABLE:

504

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of struts : 342

750

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

No of triangle : 114 No of square as single unit : 38

337

Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for form.

Length : 75cm Height : 55cm

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained

Fig .7. Top view

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve

Connection point Tension point

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

22

23

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

EXPERIMENT : 7 : Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit (with 3 triangle as 1 single unit edge with different material wall tube.

) made of struts with joing

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of struts : 108

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

No of triangle : 36 No of triangle as single unit : 12 Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for obtain a doubly curve surface but tube has limitation and not long lasting.

24

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve : tube are not flexible for Fig .7. Top view bigger module

Connection point Tension point

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

25

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

EXPERIMENT : 8 : Generate doubly curved surface from a

single unit with five triagle to make pantagon as single units, which is made of struts with joing edge. And three pentagon joined together to form a single unit.

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

Connecting point.

No . of triangle.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of struts : 540

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig.2. Side connection

Fig.3. spread of module

No of triangle : 180 No of pentagon as single unit : 36 Creating geometric pattern in between single triangle units for form.

26

Length : 75cm Height : 50cm

750

Fig .4. Plan with tension point

INFERENCE: Height proportional to length of struts : adding more Square result in more doubly curve : tube are not flexible for Fig .7. Top view bigger module

Connection point Tension point

Fig.5. Side with tension point

Fig.6. Height Obtained

Fig.8. Side View

Fig.9. Isometric view Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

INTRODUCTION 7

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CHAPTER : 02

02. TENSe - FRAMING MATERIAL : Bamboo struts & lycra .

Lightweight , Tensegrity membrane This research focus on trying to obtain doubly curve surface from different angle of system or module with tieing with third member , making as self supporting membrane .

Project explore the possibilityof framing of lycra membrane with hinged bamboo frame to obtain doubly curved surface .

Making structure lightweight and integrating all the elements within the membrane were the primery conceptual drivers.

The objective is to create structure firstly through framing with bamboo struts and later it bears its own load on the account of tensigrity. The structure consist of soft membrane with rigid elementvand inflatably patterns that are seamlessly integrated with it.

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

27-28

01:

VARIABLE:

10cm

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

10

0

Height= material thickness 3mm

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Triangles

60

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Fig .1.

02:

Plan

Fig.2.

Top view

Fig.3.

Side view

100

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Square.

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of Struts.

VARIABLE:

5cm

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

90

Fig .1.

03:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Pentagon

10cm

Plan

Fig.2.

Top view

Side view

0

10cm

2cm

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Fig.3.

10

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . ofstruts.

VARIABLE:

29

108

Fig .1.

Plan

Fig.2.

Top view

Fig.3.

Side view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

04:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Hexagon.

0

10

10cm CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of Struts.

VARIABLE:

120

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Fig .1.

05:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Septagon.

Plan

Fig.2.

Top view

Side view

100

10cm

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Fig.3.

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

30

128.57

Fig .1.

Plan

Fig.2.

Top view

Fig.3.

Side view

10

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single unit Septagon.

0

06:

10cm CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of Struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

135

Fig .1.

Plan

Fig.2.

Top view

Fig.3.

Side view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

FRAME DETAIL

01:

89

4

36

29

7

6

0

42

18

0

0 25

Distance between nail : 35

Fig .1. Plan with nail detail

80

297

35

Frame size : 420 X 297.

420

Fig.2. Frame detail

Fig.3. Nail detail

31

Fig .4. lycra arrangement

02:

Fig.2. Nail arrangement

Fig.3. frame with lycra

35

Frame size : 1189 x 841

1

89

11

80

1189

Distance between nail : 35

Fig .1. Plan with nail detail

30

841

Fig.2. Lycra arrangment

91

84

8

5 12

Fig.3. Frame detail

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

0

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single vertical struts with frame size 420x297 and lycra 18x25cm

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Fig.2.

230

VARIABLE:

420

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

297

01:

73

241

Fig.1.

199

Number of strut : 8

Plan

111

Fig.4.

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Fig.5.

module dimension

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a single strutsforming a horizonal line on frame 420x297 and lycra 18x25cm

32

420 150

60

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

297

02:

Plan view

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Number of strut : 10

Fig.1.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Plan

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from creating a pattern at angle of 60 degree and used glue to stick strut in the lycra

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

420

a

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

297

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

10 0

03:

Number of strut : 18

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from creating Random pattern and used glue to stick strut in the lycra

420

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 28

33

0

14

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

297

04:

Side view

100 Fig.1. strut arrangement

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Side view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

05:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from creating Random pattern

420

10

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

297

VARIABLE:

0

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Number of strut : 23

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from creating Random pattern

420

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

150

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

34

297

06:

Side view

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Number of strut : 21

Fig.1. strut arrangement

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Side view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

35

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

07:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment strut on one side of lycra 145

420 10

72

297

0

175

a

134

50

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

102 131 PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Fig.7.

Plan view

Fig.8.

78

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Number of strut : 62

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

136

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.9.

Front view

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Side view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

VARIABLE:

36

08:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts on both side of the lycra.

122 420 50 10

57 51 33

205 248

297

0

43

a

122 Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 62

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

37

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.7.

Plan view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

09:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts on both side of the lycra by cutting in middle of strut and allowing to pass the strut through lycra.

122

77

209

146

297

50

a

201

420 50

224

138 183 Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Number of strut : 62

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Fig.7.

Plan view

Fig.8.

Side view

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

VARIABLE:

209

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.9.

Front view

PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Side view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

38

10:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts on both side of the lycra by changing the dirrection and side of lycra.

290

66

76

224

263

a

297

10

0

620

114

113 301

75

263 301

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 94

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

39

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.7.

Plan view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

40

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

41

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

11:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts onone side of lycra keeping one strut size constant 14cm .

157

1189

140

201

179

165

451

490

841

a

218

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 128

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

42

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.7.

Plan view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

12:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface by changing the geometric pattern , from angular to linear arrangment and allowing strut to pass both side in middle of the struts.

420

55

297

80

64

40

152

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

159

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 70

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

43

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.7.

Plan view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

13:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface by changing the geometric pattern , from angular to linear arrangment and allowing strut to pass lycra both side in middle of the struts and increasing the distance between two struts.

63

77

138

297

80

420

80

183 Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 10

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

44

Fig.4.

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.7.

Plan view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

45

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

This pattern is derived by geometric alphabet T , the member are alligned in 45degree to form continuous and staggerd system.

420

297

95

225

50

56

14:

150

155 Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 98

46

Fig.4.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Fig.7.

Plan view

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

47

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

15:

This pattern is derived by geometric alphabet T , the member are alligned in 45degree to form continuous and staggerd system but this experiment we increase the frame size .1189x841 and strut size is 14cm 151 1189

153

136

841

514

537

425

35

140

543 209 280

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 98

48

Fig.4.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Fig.7.

Plan view

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

49

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

16:

This pattern is derived by geometric alphabet T , the member are alligned in 45degree to form continuous and staggerd system but this experiment we increase the frame size .1189x841 and strut size is 7cm 253

166

414

841

530

1189

70

530

200

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 392

50

Fig.4.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Fig.7.

Plan view

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

51

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

17:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts with size 14 cm x 14 cm and frame size 1189 x 841.

95 1189 a

470

841

100

132

14

0

140

69

Fig.2.

Plan view

103

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.3.

342 470

58

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 128

52

Fig.4.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Fig.7.

Plan view

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

53

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

11:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts with size 10 cm x 10 cm and frame size 1189 x 841.

56 112

841

217 138 136

a

525

10 0

1189 100

324 497

497

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 140

54

Fig.4.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Fig.7.

Plan view

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

55

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

11:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts with size 14 cm x 14 cm and frame size 1189 x 841.

440

1189

140

84

841

378

205 142 114

a

278

137 176

39

506 572

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

142

106

VARIABLE:

Number of strut : 114

Tension point

56

572

Fig.4.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

197

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

Fig.7.

Plan view

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

57

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

11:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts and one strut with supporting other size 10 cm x 10 cm and frame size 1189 x 841.

312

100

1189

161

400

490 445

841

a

490

248

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 166

58

Fig.4.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Fig.7.

Plan view

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

59

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

11:

Aim to generate doubly curved surface from a cetain anglular and linear arrangment of struts with size 10 cm x 14 cm and frame size 1189 x 841.

268 1189

187 207

571

a

841

10 0

140

363 571 303 551

Fig.1. strut arrangement

Fig.2.

Plan view

Fig.3.

Side view

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 138

60

Fig.4.

INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Tension point

Fig.7.

Plan view

Plan view

Fig.5.

Side view

Fig.6.

Front view

Fig.8.

Side view

Fig.9.

Front view

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Conditions consiered Environmental factors considered in design

61

The Site at Riverfront , spokane washinton is vulnerable to almost all environmental factors having no high buildings except clock tower . designing a spatial configuration should have a system performance based on its morphology along with the consideration of its access point as the major function .

The amount of sun exposure is less and quite suitable for human comfort as climate of spokane , is very cold and cloudy.

A light structure having a system made of fabric seemed suitable for such context. The fabric shields from wind while also providing translucent light inside the spatial arrangement . The access points helped create the initial orientation.

The access points and the importance to being in centre of the park and riverfront help to create the initial orientation , Plannig of spaces on site.

Other consideration was taken into account like basic functions like waiting, passage , view to see the riverfront park .

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

The site : plan of intervention The different areas of intervention and cluster strategy

62

Waiting area

Sun prone Area

The space provides maximum covered area to cope with the function Maximum sunlight in this area , and these area are covered by pavillion. of seating and queing requirement before the arrival of the visitors and tourists . And its also hold the maximum amount of sheltered area connecting the major access points.

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Iteration and its detail Idea was to generate the most efficient structure in terms of height

and span of the structure.

ITERATION 1 10 0

140

1189

841

a

Fig .1.

Plan

Fig .2.

Plan

Fig .3.

Side view

Fig .4.

Front view

Plan

Fig .3.

Side view

Fig .4.

Front view

Plan

Fig .3.

Side view

Fig .4.

Front view

ITERATION 2 1189

10

0

140

841

a

Fig .1.

Plan

Fig .2.

ITERATION 3 1189

a

841

10 0

140

Fig .1.

Plan

Fig .2.

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

Fig .5.

Isometric

Fig .6.

VARIABLE:

128

54

133

450

First Iteration Number of strut in first iteration : 128 strut size : 10 cm , 14cm Height achieved : 12 cm

Height and curvature achieved

Second Iteration Number of strut in second iteration : 64 strut size : 10 cm , 14cm Height achieved : 12 cm

Isometric

Fig .6.

83 128

37

500

Fig .5.

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Third Iteration Number of strut in first iteration : 256 strut size : 10 cm , 14cm Height achieved : 10 cm

Height and curvature achieved

Fig .5.

Isometric

Fig .6.

107

50

550 INFERENCE: Height proportional to 1/2length of struts : more struts leads to doubly curve surface

Height and curvature achieved Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

63-64

Model assembly

10 0

140

CONSTANT : Size of struts.

Thickness of struts.

No . of struts.

1189

a

841

VARIABLE:

Shape of geometry.

Size of material ( varying according to force applied.)

Number of strut : 138

On frame size : module scale is 1: 50 Height achieved : 14cm max Side height : 12 cm and minimum height is 8 cm On scale 1:1 Front height : 3.5m Side height : 6m minimum side height is 2.5m

Size of the strut : 10cm , 14 cm

Fig .1. Plan with connection

65

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig .1. Plan with connection

Fig .1. Plan with connection Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

The 20-metre-long, up to 14-metre-wide and 6-metre-high volume is self-supporting and comprises only two kinds of component: the metal bearing elements and a delicate space-enclosing skin consisting of an 0.7-mm membrane of elastic polyester fabric.

The membrane is drawn over metal tubes that create a tensegrity system and forms the tension element. The 128 compression bars are 30-mm diameter aluminum tubes of various lengths and there is no contact between them; instead, they are connected to the skin by sliding the ends into sheaths sewn on. The membrane is anchored at the base like a conventional tent with pegs consisting of aluminum tubes with tips pressed together to form a point.

The overall structure was tensioned on all sides, pushed upwards at the same time in the interior and finally fixed to the ground. The convex and concave forms resulting from this create an animated surface and a lively interplay of light and shade

66

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Joint design

3m

6m

A

Front elevation

B

67 30

30 MM ALUMINIUM ROD

FABRIC POCKET

240 3.2

MEMBRANE

76

Connection detail at A

25

Connection detail at B

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

20m

14m

Plan

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

68

Daylight analysis Summer solstice 21 june analysis Hottest day : 2 aug daylight analysis

ITERATION 1

10 0

140

1189

841

a

Plan

Plan view

Average value obtained : 3.2hrs

Average value obtained : 3.1hrs

Plan view

Average value obtained : 1.6hrs

Average value obtained : 1.5 hrs

Plan view

Average value obtained : 2.7hrs

Average value obtained : 2.8hrs

ITERATION 2 1189

10

0

140

841

a

Plan ITERATION 3 1189

a

841

10 0

140

Plan

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

winter solstice 22 december analysis

coldest day : 23feb daylight analysis

Hottest day : 2 aug daylight analysis

coldest day : 23feb daylight analysis

Average value obtained : 2.6hrs

Average value obtained : 2.8hrs

Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day

69-70

Average value obtained : 0.9hrs

Average value obtained : 1.2hrs

Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day

Average value obtained : 1.6hrs

Average value obtained : 2.1hrs

Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Solar Radiation analysis Summer solstice 21 june analysis Hottest day : 2 aug daylight analysis

ITERATION 1

10 0

140

1189

841

a

Plan

Plan view

Average value obtained : 1.2hrs

Average value obtained : 1.0hrs

Plan view

Average value obtained : 1.5hrs

Average value obtained : 1.3 hrs

Plan view

Average value obtained : 0.86hrs

Average value obtained : 0.76hrs

ITERATION 2 1189

10

0

140

841

a

Plan ITERATION 3 1189

a

841

10 0

140

Plan

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

winter solstice 22 december analysis

coldest day : 23feb daylight analysis

Hottest day : 2 aug daylight analysis

coldest day : 23feb daylight analysis

Average value obtained : 0.18hrs

Average value obtained : 0.3hrs

Radiation on surface in hottest day Radiation on surface in coldest day

71-72

Average value obtained : 0.2hrs

Average value obtained : 0.25hrs

Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day

Average value obtained : 0.13hrs

Average value obtained : 0.2hrs

Daylight on surface in hottest day Daylight on surface in coldest day Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Sunpath Analysis 21 june sunpath analysis

Wind Rose Analysis 22 december sunpath analysis

21 june Wind rose analysis

22december Wind rose analysis

73

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

74

Side and front view of pavillion at site

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

75

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

76

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

CONCLUSION

Where has the project failed or succeded

77

Our goal throughout the project was to develop a doubly curved structure that could be built in a 1:1 scale. In the experiments, we tried various iterations i.e., change in size of struts, change in distance of struts and change in placement of struts. The experiments carried out in the project have several areas of success and failures.

However, from this project many different interesting points for further development have been brought out and several new skills have been acquired. There is possibility of having a foldable lightweight structure that could be erected on sit within minutes indeed triggers our imagination. To work on such feature it is important to do detailed study.

Lastly, the project has given us the opportunity to develop new skills regarding form finding techniques using digital tools and structure analysis.

Throughout the different aspects of the design carried out in this project there are several area os success and failure that must be pointed out.

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

FUTURE ADVANCES

How can the project be developed further

78

Throughout the report , there are several areas that have been highlighted for future development. Although the project has opened some interesting oppertunities for the design and construction of such unique leighweight structure , the amount of detailing work done necessary to errect them is far from sufficient. For the reason we believe that the first area of interest for future development should be the detailed design of both the fixed and the hinged nodes, with great care given to the nodes where multiple struts (more tha two )connect.

REFRENCE 1 .

2.

The Hy-Pier January 2015, EMTECH Core Studio 1. Giulio Gianni, Kuber Patel, Antoniya Stoitstova An evolution of an urban Riverfront park; Riverfront Park, Spokane, Washington May 2002. Thesis

by Masters in Science in landscape and architecture, Washington University. Lizhang

Parametric studio 2019 Fabric formwork

Part of course work at faculty of design sharda university.

All rights reserved.

Semester seven , Parametric Studio ,2019 core faculty : Prof. Rupinder singh : Parool chauhan : Sandipan chatterjee