2017d NEAIPG Holidays Newsletter

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGISTS

Celebrating 30 Years of ATMGS Scholarships!

Honoring: Dennis McGrath

Highlights from the Annual Conference!

A New Way of Looking at Geology ESRI BASEMAP

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AIPG NORTHEAST SECTION NEWSLETTER NOVEMBER 2017

EDITION NO. 150

PUBLISHED BY THE NORTHEAST SECTION OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL GEOLOGISTS

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TABLE OF CONTENTS:

2017 NE/AIPG Executive Committee Directory .............................5

2018 Executive Committee Meeting Schedule ..............................7 2017 Index of Advertisers ..................................................... 8-9 Presidential Ramblings ............................................................11 Angelo Tagliacozzo “Presidents Challenge” Fund Raiser ..............32 September 2017 Meeting Minutes ...........................................35 Honoring Dennis McGrath .......................................................44 Piggybacking for Advertisers ....................................................42 A New Way of Looking at Geology ............................................49 Support our Advertisers and Sponsers! .....................................53 ATMG Scholarship List of Contributors .....................................86 NE AIPG 2018 Publication Schedule .........................................88 ATMG Scholarship Overview ....................................................89 Angelo Tagliacozzo Scholarship Perpetual Trust Fund Contribution Form

(Please contribute now!) ............................................. Last Page

NEWSLETTER EDITOR/CO-EDITOR Brandon Tufano/Matthew Rashty Roux Associates, Inc. 209 Shafter Street Islandia, NY 11749 631-630-2347 (Office) 631-232-2600 (Fax) btufano@rouxinc.com

PUBLISHER & ADVERTISING MANAGER Dick Young Consulting Geologists, LLC 179 Intervale Road Parsippany, NJ 07054 973-335-2289(Office) 973-335-9799 (Fax) RYoungNJ@aol.com

The Newsletter of the Northeast Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists is digitally published four times annually at www.issuu.com/neaipg/docs. Design and layout by Brandan Tufano/ Matthew Rashty and Dick Young. Section Members and Advertisers are alerted to each issue by e-mail.

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2017 NEAIPG EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE AND SUBCOMMITTIES PRESIDENT Jessica McEachern, CPG-11869 37 Spencer Street W Farmingdale, NY 11735 Office: (516) 694-5212 E-mail: geode78@verizon.net PRESIDENT ELECT Michael G. Grifasi, CPG-11489 FPM Remediations, Inc. 181 Kenwood Ave Oneida, NY 13421 Office: (315) 336-7721 X215 Fax: (917) 336-7722 Cell: (917) 767-2662 Email: m.grifasi@fpm-remediations.com PAST PRESIDENT Jeff Frederick, CPG-10989 The Louis Berger Group, Inc. 565 Taxter Rd., Suite 510 Elmsford, NY 10523 Office: (914) 798-3762 Email: jfrederick@louisberger.com SECRETARY Jennifer Becker HDR Inc. 1 International Blvd, Floor 10 Mahwah, NJ 07495 Work Cell: (845) 664-5218 Fax: (201) 335-9301 Email: m.grifasi@fpm-remediations.com TREASURER Robert P. Blauvelt, CPG-06508 GEI Consultants 300 Broadacres Dr, Suite 100 Bloomfield, NJ 07003 Office: (973) 873-7127 Cell: (973) 803-0167 Fax: (973) 509-9625 rblauvelt@geiconsultants.com MEMBERS Christopher Brown, CPG-10599 PVE Sheffler, LLC 48 Springside Avenue Poughkeepsie, NY 12603 Office: (865) 454-2544 Cell: (914) 475-2650 E-mail: cbrown@pvesheffler.com

Luke E. Mahier, CPG –8948 Parsons Brinckerhoff One Penn Plaza New York, NY 10119 Office: (212) 465-5255 E-mail: mahier@pbworld.com Jean M. Patota, CPG 11438 Alpha Geoscience 679 Plank Road Clifton Park, NY 12065 Office: (518) 348-6995 E-mail: jpatota@alphageoscience.com Christopher Proce, CPG-11717 Roux Associates, Inc. 209 Shafter St. Islandia, NY 11749 Office: (631) 630-2382 E-mail: cproce@rouxinc.com Laurie Scheuing, CPG-9898 46 Homestead Rd Saratoga Springs, NY 12866-5808 Office: (518) 695-9445 E-mail: lescheuing@aol.com Luanne Whitbeck, CPG-07923 P.O. Box 637 Singerlands, NY 12159 Office: (518) 475-1008 E-mail: Luanne.whitbeck@gmail.com SCREENING BOARD CHAIRMAN Charles A. Rich, CPG-04433 CA Rich Consultants, Inc. 17 Dupont Street Plainview, NY 11803-1602 Office: (516) 576-8844 Fax: (516) 576-0093 E-mail: crich@carichinc.com NEWSLETTER EDITOR Brandon Tufano 209 Shafter St Islandia, NY 11749 Office: (631) 630-2347 email: curtkraemer@comcast.net DIRECTORY OF MEMBERS EDITOR Curtis A. Kraemer, CPG-06019 111 Van Cedarfield Road Colchester, CT 06415 Office: 860-861-4644 email: curtkraemer@comcast.net

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(Executive Committee continued from page 5) PUBLISHER & ADVERTISING MANAGER Richard H. Young, CPG-03356 Consulting Geologists, LLC 179 Intervale Road Parsippany, NJ 07054 Office: 973-335-2289 Fax: 973-335-9799 E-mail: ryoungnj@aol.com

WEBMASTER Jeff Frederick, CPG-10989 The Louis Berger Group, Inc. 565 Taxter Rd., Suite 510 Elmsford, NY 10523 Office: (914) 798-3762 Email: jfrederick@louisberger.com

2017 NORTHEAST SECTION SUBCOMMITTEES (As updated 2/12/17) Advertising Sales: Dick Young Advisory Board Delegate: Jeff Frederick Financial Planning and Treasury: Bob Blauvelt, Dick Young Legislative Liaison and Registration: Tom West (NY), Russell Slayback (CT), Sam Gowan (NY), Tim Stone (NY), Dorothy Richter (NH), Laurie Scheuing (NY)

Membership: Open Nominating: Bob Blauvelt, Dennis McGrath Public Affairs: Dennis McGrath (Chairperson) Scholarship: Dennis McGrath (Chairperson), Sam Gowan, Dean Herrick, Len Rexrode, Craig Werle, Laurie Scheuing, Tom West

Section Directory: Curt Kraemer, Editor, Dick Young, Publisher Section Meetings: Jean Patota, Jessica McEachern, Bob Blauvelt, Chris Brown

Section Newsletter: Brandon Tufano, Editor; Dick Young, Publisher Screening Board: Charles Rich (Chairperson), Don Bruehl, Carol Graff, William Penn, Daniel Toder, Andrews Tolman, William Prehoda

Mentoring: Dennis McGrath (Chairperson), Chris Brown 2018 Executive Committee Meeting Schedule: January 8 March 12 May 16 (Spring Meeting TBA) July 9 September 10 October 17 (Fall Meeting TBA) December 10

Meetings are typically held from 4:00 to 6:00 pm at the offices of Louis Berger Group, Elmsford, New York or via teleconference.

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2017 INDEX OF ADVERTISERS AARCO Environmental Services Corp ...................................... 26 AECOM ................................................................................ 68 Allegheny Instruments, Inc .................................................... 34 Alpha Analytical..................................................................... 79 Alpha Geoscience .................................................................. 77 Arcadis ................................................................................. 37 Atlantic Screen & Mfg., Inc ..................................................... 53 Badger Injection Solutions .................................................... 18 Boyd Artesian Well Co., Inc .................................................... 62 Brinkerhoff Environmental Services, Inc ................................. 25 Cascade Drilling ....................................... Inside Front Cover... 2 CHA ..................................................................................... 85 Church, Stephen B., Co.......................................................... 83 Complete Environmental Testing, Inc. ..................................... 77 ConeTec, Inc ........................................................................ 47 Connecticut Test Borings, LLC ................................................ 77 Conrad Geoscience Corporation .............................................. 40 CSG Environmental Consultants .............................................. 48 Delta Well & Pump Co., Inc ...................................................... 6 Directional Technologies, Inc.................................................. 54 Drilex Environmental, Inc ......................................................... 3 EAI, Inc ................................................................................ 70 Eastern Analytical, Inc ........................................................... 20 EcoTest Labs,Inc ................................................................... 62 EnviRent Corporation ............................................................. 57 Enviroscan ............................................................................ 38 Envirosite Corporation ........................................................... 28 EWMA .................................................................................. 57 FPM-Remediations ................................................................. 82 Gannett Fleming.................................................................... 24 GEI Consultants, Inc. ............................................................. 81 General Borings, Inc .............................................................. 40 GEOD Corporation ................................................................. 14 Geophysical Applications, Inc ................................................. 56 GEOSPHERE Environmental Management, Inc. ........................ 78

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(Index of Advertisers continued from page 8)

2017 INDEX OF ADVERTISERS Geologic Mapping and Resource Evaluation, Inc.. .................... 33 Hager GeoScience, Inc .......................................................... 64 Hager-Richter Geoscience, Inc ............................................... 27 Haley & Aldrich ..................................................................... 42 Hatch Mott MacDonald .......................................................... 74 Hetager Drilling, Inc. ............................................................. 21 Island Pump and Tank........................................................... 27 Jonathan Paul Associates, Inc. ............................................... 81 Layne Christensen Company .................................................. 30 Leggette, Brashears & Graham, Inc. .........Outside Rear Cover...90 Lincoln Applied Geology, Inc. ................................................. 66 McLane Environmental, LLC ................................................... 20 MC Environmental, LLC.......................................................... 66 Maine Test Borings................................................................ 43 NAEVA Geophysics, Inc. ........................................................ 71 New England Boring Contractors of CT., Inc. ........................... 24 Pennsylvania Drilling Company ............................................... 72 Probe Support Services.......................................................... 10 Quantitative Hydrogeology, Inc .............................................. 28 Regenesis............................................................................. 85 ReRem ................................................................................. 30 Rich, C. A., Consultants, Inc.....................Outside Rear Cover...90 Roux Associates, Inc ............................................................. 11 SGS Environmental Services, Inc. ........................................... 56 SJB Services, Inc................................................................... 48 Soil Mechanics Drilling Corporation ......................................... 51 Soiltesting, Inc...................................................................... 68 StoneHill Environmental, Inc .................................................. 21 Stothoff, Samuel, Company, Inc ............................................. 72 Summit Drilling Co., Inc ......................................................... 76 Tectonic Engineering ............................................................. 29 Terracon .............................................................................. 80 TRC Environmental Corporation…………………………………………....16 X-ray Utility Locating Service ................................................. 73 Zebra Environmental ............................................................ 58

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Presidential Ramblings November 2017

By Jessica McEachern

It’s Fall already. Fellow Northeast members, where has the time gone?

It seems as though the middle of summer was still just yesterday (some of the recent weather in our region certainly hasn’t helped dispel that notion ...). At the time of this writing, we are only a little over a week away from hosting our Fall meeting in Syracuse, NY, on October 18th.

Thus far, we’re anticipating a great turnout. Hopefully we will have picture perfect weather during the field demonstrations!

In Angelo Scholarship news, our President’s Challenge fundraiser drive has gotten off to a good start. We want to thank those who have already contributed and those who have made the pledge to do so be(Ramblings continued on page 12)

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fore the year is over. Your continued support means so much to those who have worked so hard to keep this Scholarship Trust Fund viable to continue its work helping students pursuing careers in geology. We still need your help. There are very rewarding incentives to pledging an annual contribution during this milestone year, some of which are outlined in the “President’s Challenge Fundraiser Drive Update” article in this newsletter. We really hope you are “in!” Please see the aforementioned article and form for more details.

This year’s Annual AIPG Conference was held in Nashville, Tennessee, from September 23rd to 26th. The theme of the conference was “Music City Rocks,” quite apt for this particular location. As a representative of our section, I had the distinct pleasure of attending this meeting. It had been a few years since I had attended an annual meeting (okay, more than a few ... My last was in 2004 when our section hosted the meeting in Saratoga Springs), so I spent a bit of time “getting my feet wet.” First came the administrative business. On Saturday the 23rd, there was a luncheon held where students got to ask the professionals in attendance for advice in getting out into the working world. This was a very enriching experience for students and professionals alike.

During the Advisory Board meeting, we shared news on our respective sections and voted for the Advisory Board delegates. I enjoyed meeting the representatives of the different sections and they shared some interesting ideas.

Then came my favorite part: the field trips! On Sunday the 24th I attended the Karst Geomorophology field trip to Mammoth Cave, Crump’s Cave, and the National Corvette Museum. The south central Kentucky karst system is one of the most well-developed karst landscapes on Earth (Groves, et al., 2017). On this trip we toured Mammoth Cave, Crump’s Cave, and the National Corvette Museum.

The first stop on the trip was at Crump’s Cave near Smith’s Grove, KY. The only entrance to this cave was purchased by Western Kentucky University (WKU) in 2008 and is managed as a prime focus of a research and educational preserve to study a wide range of (Ramblings continued on page 13)

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The entrance to Crump’s Cave. Just a typical day for geologists!

Just left of center in the distance is a barrel-shaped weir used for discharge measurements. The water level is measured with a pressure transducer in the barrel.

environmental conditions. Crew from WKU visit the cave to perform weekly sampling, data collection and equipment maintenance. Numerous studies have been conducted to identify the floral, faunal, archaeological and biospeleological resources found in and around the cave (Ramblings continued on page 15)

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(Groves, et al., 2017). A research facility has also been established at the cave to allow examination of things such as the effects of local agricultural activities on the quality of karst groundwater (there is a farm located just across the road from the property on which the cave sits). A monitoring network has been established in and outside the cave to measure weather/atmospheric conditions, water chemistry parameters, and bat activity to name a few.

From Crump’s Cave we headed for Mammoth Cave National Park, stopping first at Park Mammoth Resort Overlook in Park City, KY. The overlook afforded a view of the extensive karst terrain of the Mississippian aka “Pennyroyal� Plateau. We then headed for our tour of Mammoth Cave. It is the longest known cave system in the world and currently has 405 miles of surveyed passageways. At least 5 local subterranean levels have been identified, the deepest of which extends to a depth of approximately 500 feet below the highest surface ridgetop. The Cave currently has 30 entrances, one-fourth of which are natural entrances (Groves et al., 2017).

Entrance to Mammoth Cave as part of the Historic Tour (Ramblings continued on page 16)

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We entered the Cave via the Historic Tour Entrance and observed some very interesting geological features throughout. These included (among others): The Rotunda, a huge 139-feet-wide and 40-feet high chamber developed via collapse of large amounts of thinly bedded limestone as well as saltpeter vats, which were used in the leaching of nitrates from the cave floor sediment; Fat Man’s Misery, a narrow winding passage formed by a cave stream downcutting a vertical joint; and Bottomless Pit, a 105-foot deep circular well which led to a deeper level in the cave.

Despite what you may be thinking, the visit to the National Corvette Museum in Bowling Green, KY, tied in very neatly with geology. On February 12, 2014, the museum’s Skydome annex suffered a sinkhole collapse and eight corvettes were swallowed up (which were later recovered). Museum security cameras and motion detectors recorded the collapse and opening of a 36-ft wide and 80-ft deep sinkhole in the Skydome floor.

Luckily the building had not sustained any structural damage, ((Ramblings continued on page 17

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Looking upward in The Rotunda, Mammoth Cave Historic Tour

The very aptly-named Fat Man’s Misery passage, which was quite claustrophobic at times! as the sinkhole was located in the middle of the Skydome. After the Corvettes were recovered, a team of karst scientists from WKU and a local engineering firm explored and surveyed the interior of the sinkhole and cave passages. The cone of debris consisted mostly of broken (Ramblings continued on page 19 -17-

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and weathered limestone along with some overlying soils (Groves et al., 2017).

In touring the museum we were able to observe the area in which the collapse happened and learn the details behind it (as well as see some pretty cool cars).

The National Corvette Museum, where the infamous Skydome collapse of 2014 occurred

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We even got to experience a simulation of the collapse ...

...And observe the resulting carnage (Source: Groves, C.G., PhD, Kambesis, P., Ph.D., Lumm, D.K., Ph.D., C.P.G., 2017, Karst Geomorphology and Environmental Geology of the Mammoth Cave Region, South Central Kentucky. Field Trip, Sunday, September 24, 2017: 54th Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Professional Geologists, p. 1-29) On Monday the 25th I attended a field trip to Lookout Mountain and Raccoon Mountain in Chattanooga, Tennessee. This trip had an interesting historical aspect in addition to a geological one. Going from the Central Basin to the Highland Rim and finally to the Cumberland Plateau, we traced the path that General Bragg of the Confederate Army took during the Civil War Battle of Chattanooga in 1863, of which the Battle of Lookout Mountain was part. Geology played an important role, as all the supplies came through Chattanooga. It lies on a bend of the Tennessee River at the boundary between the Cumberland Plateau and the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachian Mountains (more information: https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2004NE/finalprogram/ abstract_69409.htm).

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We embarked on an incline railroad that took us up Lookout Mountain. Once on top we headed for Point Park, a ten-acre memorial park overlooking Lookout Mountain Battlefield and the city of Chattanooga, which treated us to some amazing views and fascinating Civil War history.

Breathtaking views and some Civil War history at Lookout Mountain

A closer look at the view of the City of Chattanooga and the Tennessee River (Ramblings continued on on Page page 25) 25) (Meeting continued -23-

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Continuing the Civil War theme as we traveled to the next stop on the field trip, Raccoon Mountain, we took the same route the Confederate Army took as they headed west for supplies. The main focus of this leg of the trip, however, was the Raccoon Mountain pumped storage project, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)’s largest hydroelectric facility.

Overlook at Raccoon Mountain’s visitor center with a spectacular view of the Tennessee River Gorge At a reservoir overlook, we also learned about an intake structure that was located there. To generate electricity, water from the upper reservoir is channeled through the intake structure to a concrete-lined pas(Ramblings continued from page 31)

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back to the upper reservoir from the river below. The structure is 230 feet high and its slotted design prevents whirlpools from developing as the water enters the intake. More information on this project can be found at: https://www.tva.gov/Energy/Our-Power-System/ Hydroelectric/Raccoon-Mountain

The upper reservoir at Raccoon Mountain On Monday night was the Awards Dinner, during which our own Northeast Section’s Dennis McGrath had been awarded the 2017 AIPG Award of Honorary Membership. Sadly, Dennis was unable to attend, but our Past President, Jeff Frederick, accepted it for him.

Congratulations, Dennis. To say that this award is well-deserved is an understatement!

It was a very rewarding experience and I was glad I had attended the meeting. It was also my first time in Nashville, so I had to do some sight-seeing when time allowed for it. All I will say is that it certainly lived up to its “Music City” moniker!

- Jessica (End)

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ANGELO TAGLIACOZZO MEMORIAL SCHOLARSHIP 2017 ‘PRESIDENT’S CHALLENGE’ FUNDRAISER UPDATE

By Jessica McEachern

As mentioned in my Presidential Ramblings column earlier in this newsletter, our fundraiser has already gotten off to a good start.

A huge Thank You is in order to the gracious members who have pledged thus far. But, we still need your help!

This year, the Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship is celebrating 30 years of giving to students who are pursuing careers in geology. As a reminder, our Section grants scholarships to undergraduate geology students annually. The scholarships are designed to help with the cost of summer field courses, textbooks, and other aspects of geological education. They are awarded both on academic achievement and on financial need to students enrolled in recognized geology programs at colleges or universities in New England, New Jersey, and New York.

We in the Section seek two challenging yet important goals: 1) To Achieve 100% Participation, through contribution by each and every NE/AIPG Certified Professional Geologist, Member, Student, and Associate (again, that’s over 800 of us working together); and 2) To Continue to Build the Principal of the Perpetual Trust Fund and allow Scholarship growth, while maintaining the Scholarship as self-sustaining. All income from the Perpetual Trust Fund is used solely for Scholarships and the principal is preserved.

What are the advantages to making a pledge to support the Scholarship Fund with an annual contribution? To start, those who contribute by the end of this year are undoubtedly aware of the tax advantages (come on - who doesn’t see this as an incentive??). Also, for the more “mature” members in our Section: You can get additional tax benefits from directing contributions (Presidents Challenge Fundraiser continued on Page 34) -32-

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to the Perpetual Trust Fund from the Required Minimum Distributions on your retirement accounts.

Finally, you will have the peace of mind knowing that you are doing your part to keep this Scholarship Fund thriving and able to continue its mission of helping geology students in their career goals.

If you haven’t already, please pledge to donate whatever you can in the form of an annual contribution. See the Fundraiser Form in this newsletter for more details.

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SEPTEMBER 2017 DRAFT MEETING MINUTES NE SECTION – AIPG EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING MONDAY SEPTEMBER 11, 2017 Jessica McEachern

Michael Grifasi

Bob Blauvelt

Jeff Frederick

Luke Mahier

Jean Patota

Laurie Scheuing Chris Proce

Chris Brown Dennis McGrath

Luanne Whitbeck Dick Young

Jennifer Becker

Brandon Tufano

Call to Order (4:08 PM) Secretary’s Report: Meeting minutes prepared by Jennifer Becker. The July 2017 meeting minutes were reviewed and minor edits recommended. A motion was made and when quorum was reached, they were seconded and accepted. Meeting minutes were approved for publication in the newsletter, with the recommended edits.

Treasurer’s Report The NE Section fund has had no activity with the exception of monthly expenses associated with the online card processing ability and web hosting fee. The fund finished up in August with a healthy balance and is in good standing. Projections following the Fall Meeting will increase revenue from advertisers and sponsors to make a healthy contribution to the ATMGS. The ATMGS has increased since last month and is the highest level after the scholarship contribution. The treasurer’s report for August was approved with a motion made, seconded, and accepted.

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Chris Brown corresponded through email with SUNY New Paltz to arrange dates for a potential workshop and field trip.

Jennifer Becker sent SUNY Cortland faculty the October AIPG flyer, and provided information regarding student fee and gas reimbursement.

Brandon Tufano will be up in Binghamton in October and visit the student center and reach out to a faculty contact.

Chris Brown and Jeff Fredrick will be up in Colgate and will contact the student geology program while visiting.

Jessica McEachern will contact Stony Brook when the 2017 fall semester begins.

Michael Grifasi has contacted SUNY Buffalo and the student organization has all the signature sheets and AIPG documentation finalized for a student chapter. Michael has agreed to sponsor the chapter, and a faculty sponsor has been selected. The student chapter needs to send the paperwork to National and confirm everything is complete following Jessica’s review and signature.

Old Business Angelo Fund – Solicitation of Local/Regional Sister Organizations- Luanne Whitbeck confirmed the Hudson- Mohawk Professional Geologists Association (HMPGA) meeting for August 2017 was canceled. Luanne will provide an update following the September meeting later on this month at the October meeting.

Status Report on President’s Challenge Fundraiser (Commitments, Pledges/ Receipts, Reaching out to Angelo’s Family Members) - Dick Young confirmed that pledges were received from the executive committee.

Dennis McGrath will send a gentle reminder to the ExCom members to pledge to the ATMGS fund. Jessica McEachern will continue to send emails every two (September Minutes Continued on Page 38)

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weeks to the membership as a reminder to donate. Dick Young or Dennis McGrath will attempt to reach out to Angelo’s family and keep them updated on the fund and its progress.

Future of AT Scholarship (Discussion/Updates/Draft Applicant Survey Questions) – The ExCom suggested that the discussion continue when Dennis McGrath can contribute during the October meeting.

2017 National Meeting Update (Nashville, TN) – Jessica McEachern, Dennis McGrath, Jean Patota, and Jeff Fredrick will be attending the 2017 National Meeting in Nashville, TN. Jessica volunteered to provide a write up of the event for the newsletter.

Development of Local “Chapters” within NE Section – In the July 2017 ExCom meeting it was discussed that smaller chapters could roll up into the NE AIPG section. HMPGA was founded by AIPG members and once had the following membership of over 500 people in the past. It was also discussed that there was a New Hampshire member that was active at the National level and could grow a smaller AIPG section. Kurt Cramer produces a directory each year that could be used to sort the membership based on geographic areas. Brandon Tufano volunteered to spear head generating maps based on membership population and zip code with the help of his GIS team.

New Business NE Section ExCom Elections - Draft Ballot- Jessica McEachern sent out a draft ballot with Laurie Scheuing, Brandon Tufano, and Chris Brown for member at large positions in the ExCom. A motion was made and accepted for the draft ballot for 2018-2020 to be accepted.

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provided an update for the October 2017 Meeting in Syracuse, NY. The speaker, meeting venue, and field demonstrations have all been solidified. The registration is open on the website and the flyer details the specifics of the event for attendees. Jean Patota circulated information for sponsors, and will send out details for the field demonstrations along with volunteers to staff the different stations.

2019 National Meeting Logistics/Ideas- The 2019 National Meeting will take place in Burlington, VT. The potential schedule includes an ExCom all day meeting, an evening event to mentor student attendees, field trips, receptions in the evenings, and an award night. Another recommendation was to setup a short course for the meeting and bring in the revenue to raise money for the NE section.

Publications: Newsletter – Brandon Tufano inserted information regarding the Presidents’ Challenge Fundraiser for circulation in the September issue. A recommendation was made for student members to be able to provide content for the newsletter including what they learned from attending the NE AIPG 2017 Fall Meeting. New (September Minutes Continued on Page 43)

Have an idea for a Newsletter Article?

We are always more than willing to incorporate our member’s ideas and experiences into the quarterly Newsletter!

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PIGGYBACKING: SERVICE EXPANDED FOR NE/AIPG ADVERTISERS! The NE/AIPG Newsletter has again expanded its PiggyBacking options offered to Advertisers. Advertisers can include promotional flyers or brochures along with NE/AIPG's normal distribution of the Newsletter.

PiggyBacking gives NE/AIPG Advertisers a cost-effective way to get their promotional material into the hands of NE/AIPG's targeted audience of decision-makers. That audience has grown to over 800, including ~700 NE/AIPG Members and Applicants throughout New York, New Jersey, and the six New England states, as well as ~40Âą AIPG National and Section Officers, over 70 Advertisers, and others. NE/AIPG Members benefit from keeping current on available and innovative products and services.

PiggyBack Rates.

PiggyBack Rates for digital issues (see http://issuu.com/neaipg/docs) are: 1. A "Full Page" (~8" high by 5" wide) Space in Full Color costs $125 per issue.

2. A "Double Full Page" (~8" high by 10" wide) Space in Full Color costs $225 per issue.

3. A "Quad Full Page" (2 Doubles of ~8" high by 10" wide each) Space in Full Color costs $425 per issue.

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(September Minutes Continued from Page 41)

content would be appreciated for the upcoming newsletter.

Advertising Sales Update & Income- Dick Young received payments and will begin 2018 advertising solicitation in November. The advertising revenue is in good standing and the fund should reach the goal for the end of 2017.

Website Updates: Dennis McGrath reviewed, modified, and updated online application for the scholarship fund. The application has to be filed online in one sitting, and can not be saved. Bob Blauvelt spoke with Star Chapter and asked if there was a way to update that function for 2018. At our current membership level do not have the capacity to provide that service, however it may be available at the next membership level. Bob will report the cost of the upgrade at the October meeting. Dick Young suggested inquiring if the upgrade was available during the submission period and could revert back following the application deadline.

Adjournment (5:20 PM) - A motion was made and seconded with no discussion. Motion for adjournment passed and the meeting adjourned.

(End)

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Dennis McGrath Presented AIPG Award of Honorary Membership

By Jeffrey Frederick, CPG, NE/AIPG Past President Dennis McGrath, CPG was the named recipient of the AIPG’s Award of Honorary Membership in recognition of his long service to AIPG, the NE Section, and geology students and professionals everywhere.

Over the last 20 years Dennis has provided solid leadership, steady service, and a professional public presence at meetings, events, and colleges/universities. Dennis serves a number of vital roles, some of them have titles and official responsibilities, while others carry no official title but are just as critical to our ongoing success as a Section. His legacy of selfless service to the Northeast Section of AIPG is compelling.

His history of service to the Section over the last 20 years is easily seen in the vitae, below: NE/AIPG SECTION EXEC. COMMITTEE 1997-PRESENT NE/AIPG SECTION SECRETARY 1997-1998 NE/AIPG SECTION VICE PRESIDENT 1999-2000 NE/AIPG SECTION PRESIDENT 2001-2002 NE/AIPG SECTION PAST-PRESIDENT 2003-2004 NE/AIPG SECTION SUB-COMMITTEES: AIPG Annual Meeting – Fund-Raising 2003-2004 Nominating 2001-2007 Public Affairs 2001-PRESENT (Award continued on page 45 -44-

(Award continued from page 44)

Scholarship 2007-PRESENT Section Meetings 1999-2012

Dennis’ impact to the NE-AIPG is so much more. Dennis convinced me to “get involved” in a professional organization with his signature style; soft spoken confidence that my input would be valued by the group, in a friendly inviting manner that simply made you want to be a part of the group. I would come to know Dennis over the ensuing 10 years, and I’ve seen him work his personal charm on many new members and candidates. Dennis served from 2001-2007 in an official capacity on the Nominating Sub-Committee, but old habits die hard.

Dennis continues to serve to this day as the single most persuasive advocate for the NE-AIPG executive committee, and he identifies prospects and reaches out to active members to fill our ballot every year. His singular dedication to this one task has continuously staffed our ranks and provided fresh ideas (and members) to the executive committee for two decades.

The NE Section established the Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geologic Scholarship in 1986, in recognition of the service and leadership of the late Angelo Tagliacozzo. In the 30 years since inception, the NE Section has grown the scholarship trust fund to an impressive $230,000 through the direct solicitation of its members, corporate sponsors, and various fundraisers. Dennis has lead the Scholarship Sub -Committee for 10 years, and in that time he has refined the application process (now on-line), significantly grown the list of participating colleges and universities, and formalized the Sub-Committee’s application review and scoring process. Further, he has recruited and led a dedicated and dynamic sub-committee of reviewers who have routinely completed their thorough application reviews on schedule, even as the number of applicants has grown from a handful to nearly 30 per year.

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(Award continued from page 45)

The total distribution each year is determined on the Scholarship SubCommittee’s evaluation of the applications submitted, and are awarded primarily on the basis of financial need and academic qualifications; career goals, projects/accomplishments/educational plans, and faculty recommendation letter. Over the past five years, $89,500 has been awarded to a total of 41 recipients, with individual awards ranged from $1,000 to $5,000. The Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geologic Scholarship is the most impactful professional engagement we undertake on an annual basis. It directly impacts positively the lives of struggling geology students every year; I know, as I was awarded the scholarship in 1993. His stewardship of the Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship and his leadership of the Scholarship Sub-Committee has been remarkably consistent and professional. His impact on the lives of nearly 100 geology students however, has been profound.

In my short decade with the NE Section, Dennis has contributed to our success in many other ways. He always helps with meeting location selection, he has a deep understanding of the by-laws and procedures, and he has valuable institutional knowledge that he is always willing to share with a smile and a nod. As the head of the Public Affairs SubCommittee, he regularly attends the GSA meetings and does long hours of booth duty, handing out materials and recruiting new student members. He has personally sponsored two student sections in the last 2 years, and has fostered interested student groups at several more.

While his record of service is impressive, it simply does not do justice to the style and professionalism with which he carries himself. Dennis is a pillar in our community, and while we do not anticipate he will “retire” from the NE Section anytime soon, his shoes would be impossible to fill.

(End) -46-

Looking for Material for the Northeast Section Newsletter—We want you!

There is plenty of room for growth in the Newsletter, and the digital/ internet versions offer many opportunities to add value to your organization So, if you are interested, email Editor Brandon Tufano at btufano@rouxinc.com or Dick Young at ryoungnj@aol.com.

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A New Way of Looking at Geology: Using GigaPan Technology to Capture High-Resolution Panoramas of Geological Formations in Northeastern Pennsylvania By: Alison Emmons ABSTRACT GigaPan, a technology developed jointly by Carnegie Mellon University and NASA’s Ames Research Center, was originally designed to capture high-definition images of Mars but is now commercially available. Geologists are among those who have used this technological opportunity to create panoramas from hundreds to thousands of individual pictures of geological formations to be later studied and shared. For this study, four GigaPans were created and analyzed for Leggetts Gap located in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. Leggetts Gap is an outcrop that displays well-defined strata, a regional unconformity, and numerous sedimentologic features of interest. Using Adobe Photoshop, the GigaPan images were annotated to highlight the geological strata. The images were uploaded to the GigaPan website where individual snapshots with descriptions of specific sections of interest were created. Together the annotated GigaPans and individual snapshots will replace the hand-rendered field guide and provide visuals of basic geological structures for students to explore.

INTRODUCTION Those who work in geology-based education can attest to the fact that one of the major obstacles that they encounter is encouraging their students to be engaged in learning while they are trapped inside a classroom. There can be a disconnect between models and diagrams and the rock formations that they represent. It is difficult to get a sense of rock textures from a series of patterned lines and dots or to fully appreciate the history of a formation without seeing its folds and faults up close. One of the best way to discover and learn geology is to conduct work out in the field; however, when both the lack of time and money resources are added to the equation, the prospect of this quickly becomes unattainable. This generates a demand for a tool that allows for the exploration of far-off, unfamiliar places from home (Johnson, 2012).

At the turn of the twenty-first century, conducting this type of (Gigipan Technology continued on page 50) -49-

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exploration became a reality. Randy Sargent in collaboration with other researchers from Carnegie Mellon University and NASA’s Ames Research Center designed an instrument that has the capability of capturing high-resolution images. This technology, originally known as the Pancam, was first utilized in 2004 by both the Mars Rover Spirit and Opportunity. At the command of NASA scientists, the Pancam would rotate, tilt and snap images in order to produce panoramas that captured the topography, structures, and other features that make up the red planet. Once taken, these images were transmitted back to Earth for scientists to examine. This allowed Mars to be teleported to Earth to be studied in greater detailed than was ever achievable in the past through the use of static photography and video (Frenkel 2010).

Due to its great success on Mars, the next evolutionary step was to create a version of this technology that could be used on Earth, so in 2008, GigaPan Systems introduced an affordable commercial spinoff to the world. Users are equipped with a GigaPan mount (Fig.1, page 67) and the software required to construct panoramas. Using any type of digital camera from a basic point and shoot to a high-quality DSLR, the GigaPan mount assists users in taking a series of overlapping images that when assembled together yield a gigapixel panorama, an image containing billions of pixels. By capturing hundreds to thousands of individual pictures of a scene, the high-resolution of each of these images is preserved when stitched together. Users can then upload the panoramas to the GigaPan website which provides not only a place to store these large images but also a site where viewers can interactively explore each other’s panoramas by zooming in and out, discovering details that cannot be seen in an average photographs (GigaPan Systems, 2013).

The high-resolution characteristic of GigaPan images has fostered a new form of teaching and research that has been applied to many disciplines of science. M. Alex Smith, molecular ecologists of the University of Guelph in Ontario, used GigaPan images to monitor an urban forest located on his campus. By taking a panorama from the same location each week, Smith and his students were able to identify certain insects and plants that were not noticeable before and track the changes that were occurring due to urban pressures. John Rivers, curator at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in the invertebrate zoology division, utilized GigaPans to expand his research. With his Gi(Gigipan Technology continued on page 52) -50-

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gaPan equipment, he was able to capture the entire 17-million-insect collection at the museum. These will allow researchers to quickly identify other insects using automated image analysis based off of River’s GigaPan images.

Geologists are also among those who were trained to use this tool for research purposes. Ron Schott, professor at Bakersfield College in California, and Callan Bentley, who teaches at Northern Virginia Community College, are two of the most well-known users of the Gigapan technology for the purpose of taking panoramas of geological formations. Their work and GigaPans that they both share through blogging and the GigaPan website, has provided professors and students alike with many opportunities to explore and learn about unfamiliar geological structures from their computers (Frenkel, 2010). The purpose of this study was to expand the number of GigaPans of geological sites that are available in order to continue the trend of research and exploration moving in to the digital age, which geologists, such as Schott and Bentley, have laid the foundation for.

REPLACING FIELD GUIDES Currently field guides, booklets of collected information for geological structures and features, are still being written and used by geologists. Through a combination of text description, photographs, maps, and hand-rendered illustrations, different sites are explained. A variety of maps including basic site, contour, and physiographic maps, help explain the location, elevation, and surrounding landscape of each site. A hand-rendered stratigraphic column (Fig. 2) is often included to display the strata of the formation. These diagrams show the formations and types of rocks that are present, the thickness of each stratum, and other significant geological information that is site specific.

Together this information is designed to be used as a walkthrough by both scientists and students in the field to get a better understanding of what can be found at each location. Though these field guides offer valuable information, they can be difficult to interpret and follow both on- and off-site (Inners (Ed.), 1997).

A GigaPan panorama has the capability of offering more than the information provided in a field guide. A field guide may include individual photographed plates that display specific faults, folds, glacial striations, fossilized remnants, and other discoveries worth sharing; (Gigipan Technology continued on page 55) -52-

Support Our Advertisers and Sponsors!

The Executive Committee reminds all our members to support the companies that advertise in this Newsletter and generously sponsor our meetings. Their support represents a major contribution that helps the Northeast Section continue its mission to promote the profession and build the cornerstone of our

Section, the Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship Perpetual Trust Fund. It is our advertisers and sponsors that make our Newsletter so successful and well-distributed, reaching more than 700 members across eight states.

Please let our advertisers and sponsors know that you appreciate them by working with these companies whenever possible. Be sure to personally acknowledge their support when you speak with their representatives, and that you saw their ad or sponsorship in our Newsletter. Thank you to all our advertisers and sponsors!

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however due to limited space, a picture of everything found cannot be included. In addition, despite the fact that stratigraphic columns accurately display geological formations, they give little insight in to the actual appearance of the structures they are representing. With a GigaPan panorama, the big picture of a geological site is made available while the small details are not lost.

Once uploaded to the GigaPan website, a panorama becomes interactive due to the zooming application that the company offers.

When fully zoomed out, the entire structure that was photographed can be viewed. This allows surveying of the overall size and shape of a formation, the different sedimentary rock layers, and large faults and overlaying folds that tell the history of the rock’s movement. Once viewed in its entire, the panorama can then be examined through a virtual magnifying glass. Users can pick and choose areas that they want to explore up close. With this feature, the textures of the rocks can be seen along with tiny mineral grains, small fractures, and fossils that cannot be seen without close examination (Handwerk, 2009).

Due to this interactive feature and the fact that GigaPans can be viewed from around the world, constructing field guides no longer requires expert geologists to personally visit the geological sites of interest; they become guidebooks created by anyone who shares their findings through snapshots and comments. While exploring panoramas on the GigaPan website, viewers can use the snapshot tool to select and capture any portion of the GigaPan. Comments can then be inserted to supplement these sub-photographs with descriptions of what was discovered. While examining a panorama, all snapshots added are easily accessible. By clicking on these individual snapshots users are transported deeper within the panoramas where geological features can be appreciated and further comments can be added new discoveries are made (GigaPan Systems, 2013).

This communal environment makes the GigaPan technology ideal for learning geology. As previously mentioned, while sitting in a classroom students can experience unfamiliar places without leaving their seats. In addition, GigaPan panoramas are beneficial when students are given the opportunity to travel to rock outcrops and other geological marvels. Any student that has a portable computer device with access to the internet can use GigaPans shared online when out (Gigipan Technology continued on page 59) -55-

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in the field. Unlike field guides, a GigaPan displays the actual structure being visited. Students can connect what is already photographed to what is physically in front of them. No interpretation from figures or diagrams is necessary.

CREATING A GIGAPAN Setting Up and Taking a GigaPan Before taking a GigaPan several steps must be followed in order to set up both the camera and GigaPan mount. Users identify a scene of interest from a variety of different environments including landscapes, cityscapes, indoor areas and night shots. The digital camera of choice is set to maximize picture quality and to guarantee uniformity between individual pictures. This includes turning off the flash, digital zoom, automatic power down, and image stabilization, along with working in manual mode to lock exposure and set the white balance based on the scene that is being photographed. Once the camera is set, it is fixed to the robotic GigaPan mount which is attached to a level tripod. The GigaPan mount must be adjusted to the camera by manually moving the mounting plate so that it is aligned parallel to the camera and by setting the operating arm scale to match the height of the camera. This allows the GigaPan mount to pitch about the camera’s optical center, helping to reduce parallax error. The camera then must be aligned to the GigaPan mount by setting the field of view for the specific length of lens which the pictures will be taken. This step programs the GigaPan mount to take at least a 30% overlap between pictures, a requirement to get a seamless stitch.

After setup is complete, users direct the GigaPan mount using the directional key pad, to where he or she wants the top-left and the bottom-right corner of the panorama to be (EPIC 100 Introduction, 2013). The microprocessor calculates how many pictures and what sizes are needed based off of the points entered. The GigaPan mount automatically moves the camera to each position and a robotic arm pushes the shutter button on the camera. The camera and mount work in synergy until the last picture of the panorama is taken (Frenkel, 2010).

Stitching Together a Panorama Once captured, the photographs are placed in the GigaPan Stitch software on a computer, where the program stitches the hundreds or thousands of pictures captured into one panorama. GigaPan (Gigipan Technology continued on page 60) -59-

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systems offers a variety of stitching programs to use, with GigaPan Stitch and Gigapan Stitch.efx being the two most popular. Both programs align the images by matching the overlapping regions, projects them to a typically spherical, common projection and blends the images together to create a seamless mosaic.

After stitching, the GigaPan panorama is saved in a quadtree format, a hierarchal data structure which splits each square tile into four sub-tiles. The image is held in full detail at the finest level, and from this starting point, subsequent levels are computed by resizing the images by half in both the x and y directions. This continues until the entire picture can fit within one tile. Saving GigaPan panoramas using this method allows high-resolution data to be stored in a way where multiple levels of detail can later be viewed quickly on the Gigapan website (Heckbert, 2013). Geology is often viewed on multiple scales making this aspect of the technology ideal for analyzing geological formations through GigaPan panoramas.

METHOD To implement the GigaPan technology in order to be used as a learning tool, this study replaces the field guide that is available from the Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists for the rockcut in Leggetts Gap along US 6W-11N in Lackawanna County. Four separate panoramas were generated in order to capture the entire outcrop. The Gigapan Epic 100 mount and a Canon Powershot SX40 HS digital camera were utilized. Each of the four panoramas were stitched together separately by the GigaPan Stitch software. The pictures were exported to TIFF files to be annotated in Adobe Photoshop. A different color overlay for each stratum was placed above the pictures to highlight the separation and differences between each sedimentary layer. The panoramas were also uploaded to the GigaPan website where they were analyzed. Geological significant features were pinpointed, and captured through the snapshot tool.

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FORMATIONS OF LEGGETTS GAP By analyzing the well-defined sedimentary layers seen in the digitally dyed panoramas of Leggetts Gap and comparing them to the descriptions in the field guide, three separate formations were found to be exposed: Llewellyn, Pottsville and Pocono. A geological formation “is a rock unit that is distinctive enough in appearance that a geologic mapper can tell it apart from the surrounding rock layers. It must also be thick enough and extensive enough to plot on a map� (Utah Geological Survey, 2001). Each was laid down during a specific time frame, from the Pocono strata being the oldest running to the youngest Llewellyn rocks present. The formations each have unique characteristics such as rock types due to the environments in which they were formed and the sediments that were deposited.

Mississippian Pocono Although the Mississippian System consists of three main sections, the Pocono Formation, Greenbier Group, and the upper Mauch Chuck Group, only the lower Pocono Formation is present at Leggetts Gap’s northwest end (Fig. 3). Mississippian Pocono bedrock can be found underlying and exposed in parts of West Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania (Edmunds, Berg, Sevon, et al., 1979). The primary rock of this formation is light-gray or light-olive-gray, sandstone that is typically medium-grained. Evident crossbedding is often visible. The secondary rock type is siltstone. Though not part of the Leggetts Gap outcrop, the base of the Pocono Formation is commonly mixed-clastic conglomerate sandstone (Pocono Formation, 2013). The strata that make up this formation was most likely deposited in non-marine environments explained by an abundance of terrestrial flora fossils and a lack of marine fossils (Witt and McGrew, 1979). The section uncovered at Leggetts Gap is approximately nine meters thick and consists of two separate strata, a sandstone layer and a possible siltstone paleosol (Inners (Ed.), 1997).

Positioned above the fluvial medium-grained sandstone layer is a siltstone to finely-grained sandstone that appears to resemble a paleosol, fossilized soil that has been buried beneath other rock layers. A paleosol typically forms in sedimentary rocks during periods of landscape stability, allowing a significant amount of time for well-defined soils to be established. In areas where aggrading or the adding of depositional sediments is occurring, a paleosol may form if the rate of sedi(Gigipan Technology continued on page 63)

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mentation does not exceed that of pathogenesis. They may form on weathered surfaces, often associated with erosional unconformities.

A snapshot (Fig. 7, page 75) derived from the GigaPan panorama displays the possible preserved paleosol formed on the weathered surface below the sub-Sharp Mountain unconformity at Leggetts Gap. It most resembles a simple vertisol, with a possible blocky-like texture (Kraus, 1999). This type of paleosol would have formed during a semitropical wet climate, a characteristic associated more with the middle Pennsylvanian sub-period rather than the semi-arid climate of the late Mississippian (Inners (Ed.), 1997). Being preserved at approximately only 2.5 meters thick, indicates a shorter time period in which this paleosol had to develop before it was overlaid with the Pottsville Formation (Kraus, 1999). sub-Sharp Mountain Unconformity Between the speculative paleosol described above and the strata of the Pottsville Formation lies the regional sub-Sharp Mountain unconformity. This unconformity, a discontinuity in geological time, cuts in to the underlying Pocono Formation and below the subLoyalhanna unconformity that was previously lost. This erosional hiatus spans from the Maramec stage of the late Mississippian sub-period circa 330 Ma to the late Atokan, early Desmoinesian of the Middle Pennsylvanian circa 310 Ma, resulting in approximately twenty million years being lost. Around 305 to 365 meters (1000-1200 feet) of rock of the Mauch Chuck Formation is missing, caused by non-deposition and erosional removal, partially due to uplifting. This same disconformity can be seen at other locations in the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley including at the Cobbs Gap roadcut off of I-84. A second snapshot (Fig. 8) highlights the distinct unconformity boundary between the Pocono siltstone and Pottsville sandstone stratigraphic units observed at Leggetts Gap (Inners (Ed.), 1997).

Pennsylvanian Pottsville A majority of the Leggetts Gap outcrop is comprised of the Middle Pennsylvanian Pottsville Formation, specifically the Sharp Mountain Member. Similar to the Pocono Formation, the primary rock type is gray sandstone. These strata are layered with clastic conglomerates along with thin beds of siltstone, shale and claystone (Pottsville Formation, 2013). In Eastern Pennsylvania, Pottsville rock is primarily (Gigipan Technology continued on page 64) -63-

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non-marine with plant fossil commonly found throughout (Edmunds, Berg, Sevon, et al., 1979). It is split into two sections with lower alluvial, high-energy conglomeratic sandstones layers and upper, finergrained sandstones deposited in a lower-energy environment (Inners (Ed.), 1997).

The Pottsville Formation conglomeratic sandstones can be seen in three out of the four GigaPan panoramas (Figs. 3-5), starting with the Northwest end and moving southward. The clastic materials needed to form these conglomerates originated from sedimentary and metamorphic rocks from highlands in the southeast that were experiencing rapid uplift and erosion (Fig. 9). A majority of the Leggetts Gap conglomerates (Fig. 10) are rounded cobbles and pebbles, indicating alluvial origin rather than glacial (Meckel, 1967). Streams and rivers carried sediments from the highlands to the depositional basin. During higher flow rates and times of flooding, the coarser sediments were transported. The initial rock fragments that make up the conglomerate became rounded as they were tumbled and shaped by the water currents. The alternating layers of medium-grained sandstone and conglomeratic sandstone at Leggetts Gap show the change (Gigipan Technology continued on page 65)

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in river current (Selley, 2000). In the later portion of the Pennsylvanian Pottsville, there was a transgression to finer-grained sandstones (Figs. 5-6) due to a period of lower flow rates and a decrease in sediment input (Meckel, 1967). By examining the GigaPan panoramas, the difference in grain sizes can be detected.

Pennsylvanian Llewellyn The third and youngest formation present at Leggetts Gap is the Pennsylvanian Llewellyn. The primary rock type is gray sandstone ranging from fine-to-coarse grained textures. Within these sandstone layers, siltstone, shale and numerous anthracite coal seams are present (Llewellyn Formation, 2013). Two separate stratigraphic layers can be seen at Leggetts Gap: a clay shale mudstone and an anthracite coal seam (Fig. 6). Deposition of these layers was entirely terrestrial indicated by the abundant plant fossils found in all three strata.

The most significant layer present in the exposed Llewellyn section is the 0.88 meter thick anthracite coal seam. This narrow stratum, identified as the Dunmore No. 3 coal seam, is observed at the southeast end close to the top of the exposure (Fig. 11). It belongs to the Northern Anthracite coal basin, a syncline that extends across northeastern Pennsylvanian (Inners (Ed.), 1997). The coals of the Llewellyn Formation were formed in peat swamps during wetter climates which allowed for the accumulation of plant material. These coals were preserved in synclinal basins surrounded by more resistant sandstone ridges (Hornberger, Loop, Brady et al., 2004).

CONCLUSION By combining annotated images with the zoomable GigaPans accessible online, the old-fashion method of constructing field guides with pen and paper will become outdated. Using these tools will allow students and others that are interested to quickly identify one stratum from another, pinpoint faults, folds, and fossils and even find sections of geological significance on their own. Leggetts Gap was just one of the many geological locations in Northeastern Pennsylvania that is in need of a digitalized field guide that provides a better visual and explanation of the site. Taking GigaPan panoramas of other geological outcrops and exposures in Northeastern Pennsylvanian will provide a more complete description of the geological history of the area and will allow easier comparison between locations. As others, like Ron Schott and Callan Bentley, continue this trend of docu(Gigipan Technology continued on page 67) -65-

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menting geological formations, the entire United States and beyond can be digitally captured, generating the most comprehensive collection of geological information that has ever been available to the public.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research was funded by the Keystone College Department of Natural Sciences and Mathematics. I thank Dr. Robert Cook and Dr. Ian Saginor for academic mentoring.

Figure 1: The GigaPan Epic 100 mount (GigaPan Systems,2012).

Figure 2: Stratigraphic column of Leggetts Gap outcrop on US 6W-11N. Image courtesy of the Pennsylvania Geological Survey.

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Figure 3: GigaPan panorama featuring the northwest end of the Leggetts Gap outcrop that includes Pottsville sandstone, conglomerates, and siltstone, sub-Sharp Mountain unconformity, and Pocono siltstone paleosol and sandstone.

Figure 4: GigaPan panorama featuring the first middle section of the Leggetts Gap outcrop that includes Pottsville sandstone and conglomerates.

Figure 5: GigaPan panorama featuring the second middle section of the Leggetts Gap outcrop that includes Pottsville sandstone, conglomerates and siltstone.

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LITTLE THINGS YOU CAN DO What’s going on out there? Let your colleagues know what you are working on, your new position, or a new company.

Simply e-mail a paragraph or more to: btufano@rouxinc.com Become active in your section. Attend one of our Spring or Fall meetings.

For details, simply e-mail jpatota@alphageoscience.com or geode78@verizon.net Join our Executive Committee. We always have openings for creative, committed Geologists who want to make a difference, . . . and not much is asked of your time.

Think about putting it on your resume!

For more info, simply e-mail jfrederick@louisberger.com or geode78@verizon.net

WATER AND MONITORING WELL DRILLING ROTARY -AUGER-CORE-PROBE RIG DOWN HOLE VIDEO INSPECTION SERVICES HYDROFRACTURING & WELL REDEVELOPMENT 7 PUMP SERVICE TRUCKS AND INVENTORY OF 400 PUMPS Dick Stothoff FAX: 908-782-9528

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Figure 6: GigaPan panorama featuring the southeast section of the Leggetts Gap outcrop that includes Llewellyn shale, siltstone and anthracite coal, and Pottsville sandstone.

Figure 7: GigaPan snapshot of the likely paleosol siltstone stratum of the Mississippian Pocono Formation.

In this zoomed-in image, the blockly-like texture becomes apparent.

Figure 8: GigaPan snapshot of the sub-Sharp Mountain unconformity boundary between the Pocono siltstone and Pottsville sandstone stratigraphic units located at the Northwest end of the Leggetts Gap outcrop.

Approximately 305 to 365 meters (1000-1200 feet) of the Mauch Chuck Formation is missing.

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strader@alphageoscience.com www.alphageoscience.com

80 Lupes Drive Stratford, CT 06615

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Figure 9: Depositional patterns in Pennsylvania of the Pottsville Formation. Conglomerate deposits for the Sharp Mountain section exposed at Leggetts Gap had tectonic origins and were dispersed from the southeast and moved in a northwest direction (Meckel, 1965).

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Figure 10: GigaPan snapshot of highly conglomeratic, gray sandstone section in a lower Pennsylvanian Pottsville section. The conglomerate consists of rounded cobbles and pebbles of alluvial origin cemented together by sandstone.

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Www.terracon.com

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Figure 11: GigaPan snapshot of the Dunmore No. 3 coal seam exposed at Leggetts Gap located in the Northern Anthracite coal basin.

REFERENCES CITED Edmunds, W.E., Berg, T.M., Sevons, W.D., Piotrowski, R.C., Heyman L. and Rickard, L.V., 1979, The Mississippian and Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) Systems in the United States: New York and Pennsylvania Geological Survey Professional Paper 1110-A-L, p. 81-111.

Frenkel, K.A., 2010, Panning for Science: A new technology for creating and viewing stunningly high-resolution panoramic images is becoming a powerful research tool: Science, v. 330, p.

748-749, doi:10.1126/science.330.6005.748.

GigaPan Systems, 2013, About GigaPan: http://www.gigapan.com/cms/about-us (Accessed April 2013).

GigaPan Systems, 2013, EPIC 100 Introduction: http://www.gigapan.com/cms/manuals/epic100-introduction (Accessed April 2013).

Handwerk, B., 2009, Billion-Pixel Pictures Allow Ultra-Zooming for Science: National Geographic, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2009/05/090527-gigapan-pictures.html (Accessed April 2013).

Heckbert, P.S., 2013, GigaPan Stitch and Upload Technical Manual: GigaPan Systems, http://gigapan.com/forums/12/topics/294 (Accessed April 2013).

Hornberger, R.J., Loop, C.M., Brady, K.B.C., Houtz N.A., 2004 Coal Ash Beneficial Use in Mine Reclamation and Mine Drainage Remediation in Pennsylvania: Chapter 2: Geology of the Pennsylvania Coal Regions: The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection.

Inners, J. D. (Ed.), 1997, 62nd Annual Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologists: Geology of the Wyoming-Lackawanna Valley and its Mountain rim, northeastern Pennsylvania: Field Conference of Pennsylvania Geologist, Harrisburg, PA v. 62 p. 126-129, 145-147.

Johnson, S.K.., 2012, GigaPan’s gigapixel images bring field trips to geology classrooms: Ars Technica.

Kraus, M.J., 1999, Paleosols in clastic sedimentary rocks: their geologic applications: EarthScience Reviews, v. 47, p. 41-70.

Meckel, L.D., 1965, Origin of Pottsville Conglomerates (Pennsylvanian) in the Central Appalachians: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 78, p. 223-258, doi: 10.1130/00167606(1967)78[223:OOPCPI]2.0.CO;2.

Selley, R.C., 2000, Applied Sedimentology: San Diego, Academic Press, p. 192-208.

U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Llewellyn Formation: http://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmcunit.php?unit=PAPAl;7 (Accessed April 2013).

U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Pocono Formation: http://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmcunit.php?unit=PAMp;11 (Accessed April 2013).

U.S. Geological Survey, 2013, Pottsville Formation: http://mrdata.usgs.gov/geology/state/sgmcunit.php?unit=PAPAp;6 (Accessed April 2013).

Utah Geological Survey, 2001, What is a formation?: Survey Notes, v. 33, http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/gladasked/gladformation.htm (Accessed April 2013).

Witt, W.D. and McGrew, L.W., 1979, Paleotectonic Investigation of the Mississippian System in the United States: Appalachian Basin Region: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1010-L, p. 14-48.

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ANGELO TAGLIACOZZO MEMORIAL GEOLOGICAL SCHOLARSHIP PERPETUAL TRUST FUND LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS SINCE 1987 (List Updated Through August 2016)

FRIENDS OF THE FUND ($1,000+)

ANONYMOUS BRINCKERHOFF, LAURA

(IN HONOR OF FRANK MCCARTHY)

AQUIFER DRILLING AND TESTING, INC. BANINO, GEORGE KASABACH, HAIG F. LEGGETTE, BRASHEARS & GRAHAM, INC. MILLER, DAVID W. NE-AIPG REXRODE, H. LEONARD , JR. ROUX ASSOCIATES ROUX, PAUL H. SCHIFFMAN, ARNOLD

BURKE, MICHAEL CHAMBERLAIN, JOHN MARK CON-TEST ANALYTICAL LABORATORY ECO-RENTAL SOLUTIONS GRAFF, CAROL S. GAVRAS, JOHN M. HARRINGTON, JONATHAN KLEIMAN, AMY NEUBECK, JEAN M. AND WILLIAM S. Nova Consulting & Engineering Proce, Christopher (In Memory of Mrs. Shirley SchiffPVE Sheffler man) RICH, CHARLES A. SLAYBACK, RUSSELL G. RICHTER, DOROTHY VALKENBURG, NICHOLAS ROSENFELD, MORDECAI YOUNG, RICHARD H. SOILTESTING, INC.

BENEFACTORS ($500+) BLAUVELT, ROBERT P. CASCADE DRILLING, L.P. DIMMICK, CHARLES WM. EMERSON, MARK FPM REMEDIATIONS FREDERICK, JEFF HERRICK, DEAN H. HIGGINS, JONATHAN B.

(IN MEMORY OF LEO HALL)

KAYLER, KYLE MCGRATH, DENNIS STONE, TIMOTHY S.

PATRONS ($250+)

AIRMAG SURVEYS, INC. ALPHA ANALYTICAL ALLEN, BOYD, III

SPONSORS ($125+) ALPHA GEOSCIENCE CLEMENS, ROBERT H. DE ANGELIS, JAMES EGGERS, J. ERM-NORTHEAST FAKUNDINY, ROBERT GRAHAM, JACK B. GREENMAN, MIKE HINCE, ERIC KOCH, ELLIS KRAEMER, CURTIS A. MASLANSKY, STEVEN P. MATHEZ, MURIEL PATOTA, JEAN M. PIERIBONI, JOHN PREHODA, BILL (Contributors continued on page 87) -86-

(Contributors continued from page 86)

SCHECHNER, CLAIRE AND LOUIS SCHEUING, LAURIE SHOPE, STEVEN B. STANDISH, RICHARD STEWART, ROBERT A. TSACOYANNIS, NICHOLAS URBAN-MEAD, RUSSELL B. WASTE MANAGEMENT, INC.

(MATCHING GIFT ON BEHALF OF GEORGE BANINO) WHITBECK, LUANNE AND LONG, DEAN

CONTRIBUTORS ($50+) ARGUDEN, A. TEFVIK Barish, James M. BECKER, ARTHUR E. BELL, DAVID L. BELT, EDWARD S. BROWN, CHRISTOPHER BUGH, JAMES DAVIS, R. LAURENCE ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLIANCE, INC.

(ON BEHALF OF JOSEPH TORLUCCI)

FLICK, WILLIAM GALLAGHER, EVELYN A. HANLON, KERRY HEINDEL, CRAIG HERMAN KARPEL MEMORIAL FOUND.

(ON BEHALF OF FRIENDS TAGLIACOZZO)

OF

RHODA

RICE, JOHN RHYNER, JOHN ROSS, LOREN RYAN, MICHAEL J. SCOTT, DAVID Sillman, Robert and Roberta Sparrow, Leslie SPARROW, LESLIE ST. GERMAIN, DANIEL STOKES, KURTIS W. STONEHILL ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. TATLOCK, DEREK TIMMONS, ROBERT TORLUCCI, JOSEPH TYERS, GEORGE WARING, ANDREW D. WENZ, KENNETH P. WERLE, CRAIG WEST, William T. WOHLFORD, THOMAS

DONORS (UP TO $50) BOWES, JAMES BRADLEY, MARGARET BUSA, MARK D. CLAUSEN, JAY COX, PETER FALDETTA, SARAH FOURNIER, LEROY GANNETT FLEMING, INC. FREDERICK, WILLIAM T. HAGER, JUTTA HARWOOD, DAVID G. HERGERT, DAVID KING, DANIEL KOWALSKI, RICHARD G. SASS, DANIEL B.

HIXON, RICHARD HNOTTAVANGE-TELLEN, KEN Hoogerhyde, Kevin HOUSMAN, JOHN J. , JR. Jonathan Paul Associates, Inc. KACZOR, SOFIA (IN HONOR OF K. E. CASTER) KETANI, RALPH Why Isn't Your Name On This List?

Mahier, Luke Solve it!

Mase, David Simply see Pg. 32 & 91 and then MOZER, ROBERT Move into Action!

PENN, WILLIAM E. -87-

NE/AIPG 2018 PUBLICATION SCHEDULE Winter Newsletter January 12 January 26 February 12

Deadline (Material to Editor) Content to Publisher E-mail to Members

Directory of Members February 12 March 16 April 16

Deadline (Material to Editor) Content to Publisher E-mail to Members

Spring Newsletter March 23 April 6 April 23

Deadline (Material to Editor) Content to Publisher E-mail to Members

Indian Summer Newsletter July 27 August 17 September 4

Deadline (Material to Editor) Content to Publisher E-mail to Members

Holidays Newsletter October 12 October 26 November 12

Deadline (Material to Editor) Content to Publisher E-mail to Members

Please e-mail News, Info, & Articles to Brandon Tufano: neaipg.editor@gmail.com For Advertising Rates & Info, Please Contact Dick Young: RYoungNJ@aol.com cell 203-627-8085

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Celebrating 30 Years of Scholarships!

The Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship The Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship was established by the Northeast Section of the American Institute of Professional Geologists in late 1986. The first Scholarships were presented to undergraduate Geology students in 1987.

ATMGS recognizes the dedicated leadership and service which Angelo provided to NE/ AIPG, to AIPG, and to the geological profession, until his untimely passing on October 11, 1986. The Scholarship furthers Angelo's goal of acquainting young geologists with AIPG and with AIPG's importance to the geological profession.

ANGELO TAGLIACOZZO (1936 - 1986) Angelo Tagliacozzo received his doctorate in Geology from the University of Rome (Italy) in 1962. Thereafter, he worked in various positions as geologist, geophysicist, and hydrogeologist, which included assignments abroad, in the U.S., and with the United Nations. Angelo provided exemplary service to AIPG at the Section and National levels. He was a Northeast Section Executive Committee Member (1973-1982), Vice President (1977-1978), President (1979-1980), National Advisory Board Delegate (1981 -1982), and Screening Board Chairman (1984-1986). Angelo's dedication to and leadership of the Northeast Section Screening Board has become the ultimate standard against which service in such a position is measured. Angelo also served as an AIPG National Executive Committeeman (1982); he was a vigorous advocate of measures to increase professionalism. Angelo was (and will be remembered as) a respected professional...and a friend.

THE SCHOLARSHIP NE/AIPG grants Scholarships to undergraduate geology students annually. The Scholarships are designed to help with the cost of summer field courses, textbooks, and other aspects of geological education. Scholarships are awarded, both on academic achievement and on financial need, to students enrolled in recognized geology programs at colleges or universities in New England, New Jersey, & NY. YOUR CONTRIBUTIONS Your participation is encouraged in support of this dynamic memorial to Angelo and his recognition of the importance of AIPG to the geological profession. Contributions to the Scholarship Perpetual Trust Fund should be written to: Angelo Tagliacozzo Memorial Geological Scholarship Trust Fund, and mailed to: NE/AIPG Geological Scholarship Trust Fund c/o Dennis McGrath, CPG P.O. Box 472

Hastings-on-Hudson, NY 10706-0472 All Contributions are invested perpetually, with earnings thereon used solely for the Scholarship. NE/AIPG bears all costs of administration. Please ask your employer about Matching your contribution, and Additional corporate contributions.

For further information, contact Dennis McGrath: mcgrathdg@gmail.com Cell: 914-424-8816 -89-

Www.carichinc.com -90-

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