d ,/E' E'>/^, > E'h ' > ZE Z^ /E >KtͲ/E / E ^ dd/E'^
hƐĞ /ŶƚĞƌĂĐƟǀĞ džƉĞƌŝĞŶĐĞƐ ƚŽ /ůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞ dĞdžƚ
ƚŚĞ ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂů͕ ĐŽŶǀĞƌƐĂƟŽŶĂů ŶŐůŝƐŚ ƚŚĂƚ >>Ɛ ƵƐƵĂůůLJ ŵĂƐƚĞƌ ĮƌƐƚ͘ dŽ ŚĞůƉ >>Ɛ ŝŵƉƌŽǀĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ ƐŬŝůůƐ ĂŶĚ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐ͕ teachers should provide extra support, or ͞ƐĐĂīŽůĚƐ͕͟ ĨŽƌ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͘ 'ƌĂƉŚŝĐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞƌƐ ĐĂŶ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞ ĞdžĐĞůůĞŶƚ ƐĐĂīŽůĚŝŶŐ ĨŽƌ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐ͘ KƵƚůŝŶĞƐ͕ ĐŚĂƌƚƐ͕ sĞŶŶ diagrams, T-‐charts, and concept maps can help ŶŐůŝƐŚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ ŽƌŐĂŶŝnjĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ while providing the vocabulary and language ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ŶĞĞĚ ĨŽƌ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ ŝŶ ŶŐůŝƐŚ͘ dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ should also highlight vocabulary words and provide a model before students are asked to write.
% ŽŶĚƵĐƚ ŚĂŶĚƐͲŽŶ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƟŽŶƐ Žƌ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ďĞĨŽƌĞ ƌĞĂĚŝŶŐ % During reading, use real objects, models, ƉŝĐƚƵƌĞƐ͕ ĂŶĚ ĚƌĂŵĂƟnjĂƟŽŶ ƚŽ ŝůůƵƐƚƌĂƚĞ main ideas % hƐĞ ŵŽĚĞůƐ ĂŶĚ ŚĂŶĚƐͲŽŶ ĂĐƟǀŝƟĞƐ ƚŽ clarify ideas % ƐŬ ƐƚƵĚĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ĚƌĂŵĂƟnjĞ ƚŚĞ ƚĞdžƚ DŽĚŝĨLJ ƚŚĞ dĞdžƚ % Shorten the length of the text % Present the text in small “chunks”
ŶŽƚŚĞƌ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐLJ ĨŽƌ ƐĐĂīŽůĚŝŶŐ ǁƌŝƩĞŶ assignments is to use sentence frames. For example, when asking students to describe a character in a story, the teacher could provide the following sentence frames:
% Organize the text with a graphic organizer % Outline the text % Highlight key sentences within the text
Cinderella is __________________.
ZĞǁƌŝƚĞ ƚŚĞ dĞdžƚ % Delete extraneous passages and ŝŶĨŽƌŵĂƟŽŶ
;ĂĚũĞĐƟǀĞͿ
She shows she is _________________
% Simplify the vocabulary % hƐĞ ĂĐƟǀĞ ǀŽŝĐĞ ĂŶĚ ƐŚŽƌƚ ƐŝŵƉůĞ sentences
;ĂĚũĞĐƟǀĞͿ when she __________________________.
% Add pictures, graphs, or visual displays
;ĂĐƟŽŶͿ
dĞĂĐŚĞƌƐ ŽĨ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ ŽŌĞŶ ƵƐĞ Ă ĐŽŵďŝŶĂƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞƐĞ ƐƚƌĂƚĞŐŝĞƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ >>Ɛ understand the content presented in grade-‐level texts.
The sentence frames will help students who do not ŚĂǀĞ ƐƵĸĐŝĞŶƚ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ ŽĨ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ĨŽĐƵƐ ŽŶ ƚŚĞ ĂĚũĞĐƟǀĞƐ ĂŶĚ ǀĞƌďƐ ƚŚĞLJ ŬŶŽǁ ĂŶĚ ĚĞŵŽŶƐƚƌĂƚĞ ƚŚĞŝƌ ĐŽŶƚĞŶƚͲĂƌĞĂ ŬŶŽǁůĞĚŐĞ͘ ^ĐĂīŽůĚŝŶŐ ƉƌŽǀŝĚĞƐ ůŝŶŐƵŝƐƟĐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ ĨŽƌ >>Ɛ ƚŽ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ƚŚĞ ƐĂŵĞ ĂƐƐŝŐŶŵĞŶƚƐ ĂƐ ƚŚĞŝƌ ŐĞŶĞƌĂů ĞĚƵĐĂƟŽŶ peers.
Scaffold Writing Assignments ĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ ƉŽƐĞƐ Ă ĐŚĂůůĞŶŐĞ ĨŽƌ ŵŽƐƚ ŶŐůŝƐŚ ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ ůĞĂƌŶĞƌƐ͘ dŚĞ ǀŽĐĂďƵůĂƌLJ ĂŶĚ ƐƚƌƵĐƚƵƌĞ ŽĨ ĂĐĂĚĞŵŝĐ ǁƌŝƟŶŐ ĚŝīĞƌƐ ŐƌĞĂƚůLJ ĨƌŽŵ
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