DETROIT I 21
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
[1]
[36]
[12]
[41]
34
[48]
[23]
architecture portfolio [30]
Masters of Architecture . McGill School of Architecture Nazanin Naeini
MOTOPIA An Assembly Line For The Post-Fordist City [Evolo Submission] “So long as the new [speed] is everywhere available at the same time, there is a possibility that the structure may be changed without breakdown. Where there are great discrepancies in speeds of movement, as between air and road travel or telephone and typewriter serious conflicts occur with organizations. The metropolis of our time has become a test case for such discrepancies. If homogeneity of speeds were total, there would be no rebellion and no breakdown.” McLuhan, Marshall. Roads and Paper Routes. 2010
In Detroit, the urban logic of “center“ is confused as its inhabitants speed up towards the periphery. The core is left vacant - its proximity and status blurred by high speed freeways.
MArch . Fall 2011 . 8 weeks 1
What can we say of architecture in speed? Static in nature, is it rendered irrelevant? The modern city is “So long as thecharacterized new [speed] is the urban logic of “center“ byInis confused aDetroit, great divergence between the everywhere available at the same as its inhabitants speed time, there is ascale possibility of that the off towardsform the periphery. core urban dimension. architectural andThethe structure may be changed without is left vacant - its proximity and stabreakdown. Where there are great by high speed freeways. Detroit’s lifeline tus is blurred its infrastructure. discrepancies in speeds of movement, as between air and road travel or telephone and typewriter serious conflicts occur with organizationtions. The metropolis of our time has become a test case for such discrepancies. If homogeneity of speeds were total, there would be no rebellion and no breakdown.” McLuhan, Marshall. Roads and Paper Routes. 2010
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DETROIT I 7
42%
DETROIT vacantscape i
55 mi/hr
0 mi/hr
DETROIT speedscape i
100%
middle ground core
35 mi/hr
73%
70 mi/hr
suburbs
100 mi/hr
27%
0%
DETROIT I 5
detroit speedscape i
detroit vacantscape i
The speed that car travel offered disturbed the hierarchy of the city versus periphery by favouring the edge.
Formerly industrial and residential, these vacant pockets are weakly engaged with the living city. In come cases, they have disappeared without recognition as Detroiters zoom past on raised or sunken speedways.
DETROIT I 6
DETROIT I 8
55 40 70
70 55 55 55
55
55
55
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35
35 mi/hr 55 mi/hr 70 mi/hr
100 mi/hr
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DETROIT
DETROIT speedscape ii
DETROIT speedscape iii
detroit speedscape ii
detroit speedscape iii
As Detroit sped up, the center fell behind, and a new Detroit emerged scuplted by major highways.
The Vacant plots surrounding the city center are foreshortened as speed shrinks distance. 3
DETROIT I 7 12
Each node hosts a significant amount of residual land with which to root our interventions. The visual noise along the path is reduced according to speed of travel, creating an almost seamless transition from place to place through non place.
The City of Detroit is defined as a series of nodes punctuating an otherwise streamlined path. Each node hosts a significant amount of residual land with which to root our intervention.
Effect of Speed:
DETROIT I 33
Formal Distortion Our connection to physical distance and the material is distorted - shrunken - in speed.
as the driver speeds up,distances shrink,
architectural information dissolves into speed,
reducing the observer’s knowledge to a grasp on height, rhythm and colour.
4
DETROIT I 11
phase i - urban deployment Detroit is not about corridors, but is rather a city of routes to destinations. At the urban level, we play on this distortion of speed to redefine the urban image. The City of Detroit is defined as a series of nodes punctuating an otherwise streamlined path(left). Formal Distortion in Speed Our connection to physical distance and the material is distorted-shrunken- in speed(bottom right). As the driver speeds up, distances shrink, architectural information dissolves into speed, reducing the observer’s knowledge to a grasp on height, rhythm and colour(bottom left). Program Emergence/Logic
00 05 10 20 30 20 10 0500 SPEED DISSIPATION
30 20 1005 00
PROGRAMS IN VIEW
051015 2025 HEIGHT
PERSPECTIVE
Contextualism describes a collection of views which emphasize the context in which an action, utterance, or expression occurs, and argues that, the action, utterance, or expression can only be understood relative to that context(top left).
Contextualism describes a collection of views which emphasize the context in which an action, utterance, or expression occurs, and argues that, DETROIT the action, II 10 DETROIT 9 utterance, or expression can only be understood relative to that context.
Holling’s cycle can be applied to Detroit’s car-culture. In his discussion of the figure 8 loop, he highlights the importance of salvaging the relics of the release phase. In Detroit, the car remains and so does the landscape of freeways and suburbs that it inspired. We see Detroit as positioned in the midst of a reorganization phase, and we plan to work with what speed has made its most valued assets.
0 km/hr
0
20
The high-speed car accelerates as it moves out of the suburbs, shortening both travel time and the time in which the landscape is perceived. In the city, the car slows down, extending the perception of the cities and the actual shrinking of the countryside produces an exponential effect on the traveller’s perception.
20 km/hr
20miles DETROIT land 0 mi
highway
(corridor) road
0.3
city
19.3
8.3
20mi
80 km/hr
80
Our connection to physical distance and the material is distorted - shrunken - in speed. As the driver speeds up, distances shrink, architectural information dissolves into speed, reducing the observer’s knowledge to a grasp on height, rhythm and colour. 200
suburbs
The corrido urban deve few decade sensory stim cheerless an ment of sta mobility ax therefore b ing the goo the destina path as a un sensorial ex
FORMAL distortion in speed
30minute DETROIT time suburbs
0’ 200 km/hr 2’10”
(corridor) road
highway
13’30”
city
20’
30’
km/hr
5
LIBRARY
CLASSROOMS
WORKSHOPS
6
DETROIT I 29
DETROIT I 17
phase ii - skyscraper development Phase two develops a single node within a larger loop - the intersection of highways 94 and 75. With schools closing in vacant areas of Detroit, idle youths take fire to homes. The lack of education in this city is tell-tale sign of its fragile position. In a post-fordist city, material production is replaced by an immaterial production - the production of knowledge. In this first node, we have chosen to use education to reorganize Detroit. A planar gesture mimics the highway’s language and absorbs speeding car on off-shoots of the existing intersection and enclose the residual space. A vertical extension follows this horizontal gesture to further envelope the residual land. The result is a continuous 3 dimensional loop that dissipates speed: from a high speed flexible atelier autoroute, to a drive-through plinth; pedestrian are then lifted to calmer classroom spaces space serviced by escalator followed by static, quiet moments at the crown. Campus programbelt of educaming is distributed in a linear fashion along the looping tower - a conveyor void above tion.
void above social space (above)The structure acts as a compression ring for the building. This compression ring is people mover held taught by a series of tensile ribs following the curvature similar to those observed in Frei Otto’s Bending Geometry studies. Siegfried Gass, Frei Otto and STUDY OF BENDING mezzanine Wolfgang Weidlich. “Experimente: Physikalische Analogmodelle Im Siegfried Gass, Frei Otto and above classrooms Wolfgang Weidlich. Experimente:
classrooms
STUDY OF BENDING
people mover
Architektonischen Entwerfen” Physikalische Stuttgart: Analogmodelle Im Universität Institut für Architektonischen Entwerfen" leichte Flächentragwerke, Universität Stuttgart: Institut für1990 leichte Flächentragwerke, 1990
DETROIT DETROIT II 14 25
Crossing Merging Diverging
1
drive-thru/drop off with stadium seating above
2
student life
3
administration building
4
sports fields with auditorium below
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2
0
MIDPOINT PLAN 0
3
9
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30 PLINTH PLAN 0
Wayne State University
10
30
NODE NODE11 70 I-75 I-75//M-10 M-10
100
3
7
Wayne State University
PLINTH 8PLAN PLINTH PLAN PLINTH PLINTH PLAN PLAN
N N N N
DETROIT I 32
campus plan_maximize residual land potential Together the tensile ribs and skin pull on the compression ring to support a 3 dimensional loop encompassing tower and plinth protecting and defining a central outdoor space: Residual land becomes campus quad.
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0
classrooms DETROIT II 25 DETROIT 25 DETROIT DETROIT II 25 25
1 1 1 1
drive-through/drop off drive-thru/drop off with seating drive-thru/drop off with stadium stadium seating above above drive-thru/drop off stadium drive-thru/drop off with with stadium seating seating above above with stadium seating above
2 2 2 2
student life student life life student
3 3 3 3
administration building administration building administration building administration building administration building
student student life life
study area PLINTH PLAN 0
10
sportssports fields with sports fields with auditorium auditorium below below fields with sports with sports fields fields with auditorium auditorium below below auditorium below
4 4 4 4
void below
30
NODE 1 70
3
100
I-75 / M-10
library
Facade distortion in speed DETROIT I 20
The logic of the skin follows both this tensile force distribution and our earlier experiments with formal distortion in speed.
FACADE distortion in speed
Stretching of the elastic fabric at the highest points, the slowest speed.
Stretching of the elastic fabric at the highest point, the slowest speed.
Porosity of the fabric will appear at these points on the structure.
Porosity of the fabric will appear at these points on the structure.
2 2 Lower points in the structure witness the 2 2 accumulation of the material, shrunk and reduced to form, rhythm and colour.
Lower points in the structure witness the accumulation of the material, shrunk and reduced to form, rhythm and colour.
1 1 1 1
0 0 0 0
CROWN PLAN 2
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ELEVATION 0
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campus section_dissipated speed The interior space is best understood as a whole through the section - pedestrian are drawn from the plinth up into classroom spaces adjacent to a void core and finally to the library space above. As observed previously the tower’s plinth attempts to mimic the highway’s language. Cars enter from the existing highway into a drop off zone moving along the edge of the plinth in a continuous looping motion. Pedestrians leaving the drop zone can access ground level entrances to the people mover and the campus quad or sports fields. This central space is wrapped by a series of programs including student life complex and admin. centre.
Crossing Merging Diverging
NODE 1
FULL
I-75 / M-10
SECTION 0
5
15
30
50
75
100
LABS
AUDITORIA
LIBRARY
DETROIT I 22
DETROIT I 16
library
classroom
CLASSROOMS
WORKSHOPS
void
people mover stands
auditorium parking
10
DETROIT I 30
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THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE: Dealing With Architectural Pace
GUE INSTITUTE | NN
PERFORMANCE HALL
80 years
PERFORMANCE HALL SCREENING HALL
80 years
SCAFFOLD STRUCTURE
50 years
WET LAB
45 years
DRY LAB
SCREENING HALL
WET LAB
SCAFFOLD STRUCTURE
PROJECTION ROOM
70 years
45 years
CONTROL ROOM
20 years
COMMON ROOM
DRY LAB
15 years
LECTURE SPACE
COMMON ROOM
< 7 years
WET LAB
PROJECTION ROOM CONTROL ROOM
WASHROOMS
STORAGES REFRIGERATOR
FLEXIBLE USE
COMMON ROOM
20 years
COMMON ROOM
15 years
LECTURE SPACE
45 years
PERFORMANCE HALL CINEMA
70 years
DRY LAB
WASHROOMS
STORAGES REFRIGERATOR
PERFORMANCE HALL
15 years
LECTURE SPACE
45 years
CINEMA
LECTURE SPACE
70 years
CONTROL ROOM
PROJECTION ROOM
80 years
SCAFFOLD STRUCTURE CONTROL ROOM
COMMON ROOM
< 7 years
45 years
70 years
MArch . Winter 2012 . 8 weeks 12
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
=
+
deconstructing the empress deconstructing empress
base building building base
fit out fit
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
5
1928_egyptian theater
1962_royal follies
changing functions of the empress
changing functions of the empress
1968_cinema V
2012_analogue institute
2040_?
1928_egyptian theater
1962_royal follies
the rigidity of fixed programs catalyses their demolition v
antagonistic forces_palimpsests of previous functions
antagonistic forces palimpsests of previous functions
1968_cinema V
2012_analogue institute
2040_?
the rigidity of fixed programs catalyses their demolition
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THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
thesis description A glance at the Empressâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; timeline reveals only one constant variable: a life characterized by change. In this way, the empress is recognized neither as a moment frozen in time, nor as break between before and after (responding to the exact needs of the moment), but as a moment in the continuous process of change. Bearing ephemeral layers from multiple eras, the Empress is a showcase of the transient nature of contemporary society--one of strict opinions and shifts in values; and while styles are temporary, principles are not. What has remained through the multiple phase changes witness by the building is its essence, an atmosphere emanating from her body. Construction and decay, the two elements that co-exist in this vicious circle, render the actual existence of the structure transitory, as a means to serve the creation of this atmosphere: the place-ness of the event. Here, architecture is not an object of desire but an event, a performance that could end at any moment. This proposal reacts to the contemporary rehabilitation of historic buildings by recognizing (and accommodating) change as the only constant.
(above)Scaffold structure is offset by a meter from the shell acting as an autonomous structure, allowing it to act as an independent unit within the shell of the existing SCAFFOLD INDEPENDENT FROM SHELL, 1 METER OFFSET FROM EACH SIDE building.
programmatic reaction
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In this way, the empress is decomposed into a stable and a versatile element. At present, the base building, a shell or container, is the sole interface encountered by the younger generation in NDG; and thus, it remains the only recognizable social anchorage for the project. In this scheme, the Empress preserves its identity on the surface with a semipermanent, autonomous scaffold structure to accommodate the evolving program of the analogue institute--the latter categorized by degrees of permanence.
program_ logic of arrangement
degrees of visibility
cafe
bar
bookstore
performance
performance
screening
control room
projection
screening
lecture room
wc
control room
projection
dry lab
wet lab
common room
storage
refrigerator
wet lab
lecture room
wc
common room
storage
refrigerator
cafe
bar
bookstore
degrees of permanence
dry lab
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programmatic reaction
program_ possible scenarios
Designing for changeability requires looking at the program through the lens of permanence, establishing a timeline for the construction , assembly, degrees of changeability and perhaps eventually the decay of the analogue institute(below). Spaces of performance and spaces of production change, each at their respective pace. The adaptable scaffold structure allows for multiple scenarios to arise, of which one linear scenario has been developed under the scope of the Studioâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s mandate. What remains clear in the end is that all aspects of a project are temporal in nature, no matter their position on the timeline of permanence, as we will later see in the video-mapped projection of the model.
Possible Scenarios of Construction Timeline possible program distributions based on program inputs Present
+1
wet lab
performance
n+1
dry lab
scaffold
n+2
storage
scaffold
control room
screening
n+3
n+4
performance
control room
wet lab
projection
n+5
screening
n+6
n+7
n+8
projection
dry lab
storage
storage
screening
common room
lecture room
projection
scaffold
common room
lecture room
wet lab
dry lab
projection
performance
control room
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THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | N TITLE I 13
1:200
4 2 c
b
3
a
1
5
6 1.
dry lab a. projection space
a working section The section displays the flexibility of the assembly space where it can be combined into one large performance space(above) or separated into a smaller performance space and a screening space(below). This arrangement allows the stages to be modified or merged for unexpected scenarios and uses. The design offers the advantages of specificity with the freedoms of the undefined.
1. ANNOTATION TEXT
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
dry lab a. projection space b.editing c.printing wet lab informal projection/lecture storage refrigerated storage public washrooms
b. editing
1. 2. 3.
theater access c. printing flexible exhibition space 2. wet lab 3. informal projection/lecture space informal projection/lecture
4.
main circulation
4.
storage
5.
refrigerated storage
6.
public washrooms
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TITLE I 15 THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | N
1:200
1:200
4
4
2 2
c
b
1 3
a
3 1
5
6 1.
informal lecture/projection s
2.
main circulation
3.
theater/cinema access
4.
flexible exhibition space
ANNOTATION TEXT
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THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
2
6
3
5
4
7 1
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
fig.1 glass deflectors act as sound control elements, positioned in front of sound absorbing glass panels. By allowing the deflectors to constantly move along an axis, the homogeneity and quality of the sound can be controlled through changing the angle of deflection. fig.2 The flexibility of the connection point to these deflectors also allows for changes in the material in case different levels of opacity and acoustic are to
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THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
2 8 6
5
4
7 1
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clockwise from the structure of the is consistthe structure offit-out the fit-out is consisted above: conneced of a scaffold system, with rosette tion of program of a scaffold system, with rosette disks disks supporting the clip-on posts at to structure, supporting the clip-on posts regular intervals allowing for the ver- at regular clip-on connecof beams satility of the system’s configuration. intervals allowing for the versatilitytion to of rosette, base Program is hung from the structure, jackis supporting the offsetsystem’s within theconfiguration. grid of the scaffold-Program the structure, ing, through of clamps atrosette design, hung fromthe theusestructure, offset within close up view tached to the frame as shown on the the grid of the scaffolding, as demonof the system left and above. strated on the left and above.
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THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
fig.2 deflector connection detail
1:10
fig.1 glass deflectors act as sound control elements, positioned in front of sound absorbing glass panels. By allowing the deflectors to constantly move along an axis, the homogeneity and quality of the sound can be controlled through changing the angle of deflection.
fig.1 Performance hall’s wall section
fig.3 mullion-deflector detail
fig.2 The flexibility of the connection point to these deflectors also allows for changes in the material in case different levels of opacity and acoustic are to be required in the future.
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1:20 39
construction_
of _degrees CONSTRUCTION TIMELINE changeability \ DEGREES OF PERMANENCE
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
EMPRESS FOORPRINT
EXTRUSION
construction_ degrees of changeability
SHELL THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
theater
EMPRESS FOORPRINT
vault
VAULT
construction_ degrees of changeability
scaffold poles storage -closed
40
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
THE ANALO
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VERTICAL COLUMNS 21
OGUE INSTITUTE | NN
construction_ degrees of changeability
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
scaffold frames
SCAFFOLD STRUCTURE
cinema
production laboratories
ASSEMBLY SPACE
construction_ construction_ degreesofof degrees changeability changeability
THEANALOGUE ANALOGUEINSTITUTE INSTITUTE| NN | NN THE
THE ANALOGUE INSTITUTE | NN
freight-closed elevator storageopen storage
MOVEABLE BOOK STORAGE
freight elevator exhibition storageopen
FLEXIBLE EXHIBITION
42
PRODUCTION SPACE
43
screen exhibition
44 43
DISPLAY SCREEN
watch video-mapping presentation at http://vimeo.com/45914843
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H[U]T SPOT Redefining Cultural Significance in Abuja, Nigeria
The following piece required looking at Lagos as a showcase of the failure of urban form in Nigeria, through the research carried out by Rem Koolhaas, and subsequently examine Abuja, the new capital of Nigeria. The narrative follows the arrival of a visitor to each city from the airport and their path of flaneur through the city. What is revealed in both cities is the top-down method of design in the third world country where the normal civilian has no place/right within the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s structure. Abuja is afterall a first world city in a third world country.
BArch . Winterr 2010 . 3 weeks 23
RESEARCH PHASE
LAGOS
24
ABUJA
25
26
retrospective view_projective glance In Abuja, a city that clings rigidly to the typical image of Western glass and concrete buildings, what could be a design that is simultaneously local and global? In the course of studying the traditional architecture of Western Africa, the African huts, gathered in clusters, became almost immediately apparent as a culturally and socially suitable image to draw inspiration from, while appropriating the design to the current epoch. The proposed international community center in Abuja aims to create a poetic skyline, that is distinctive as an urban silhouette yet in harmony with its periphery; arousing the curiosity of the passerby and attracting them to its introverted realm.
aerial view_logic of arrangement
elevation_street view
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28
B’
The sun’s higher rays are mos due to the presence of deep Much of the hot air inside ris the operable skylight, a lot lik
B’
hut modules performance
A
A’
passive huts
The sun’s lower rays which ac
The sun’s higher rays are mostly prevented from entering the space The sun’s rays. running at a steep angle are blocked to the presence of thus deep window sills and roof. the roof geometry and the deep sills. So The due hut module incorporates each part of the by program in its theshape, buildinglocaat window night, when th Much of the hot air inside rises into the chimney and is drawn out through gain is thus prevented in the interior space. tionthe ofoperable oculus and relationship to the other huts, ultimately creating a complex skylight, a lot like in a hut.
of interconnected huts.
A
Cross-ventilation through the maze of walls cools the compound, while the thick concrete walls and floors store the heat from solar radiation during the day, reducing the overall indoor temperature. The oculus at the top of each “hut” brings the light in with varying intensities according to the space’s needs.
A’
The sun’s lower rays which actually penetrate the interior are absorbed by
Thermal Chimney Effect Drawing from traditional African architecture, the complex revolves around a the building at night, when the temperature drops. courtyard, where all activities permeate into the outdoor open space. Ponds adjacent to the exterior walls allow for the evaporation and cooling of the area close to the walls.
B
plan_concentric pull
B
1
section_constellation of parts
1
S E C T I O N AA’ 1 : 3 0 0 1. p a r k i n g r am p 2. a d m i n i s t r a t i o n 3. l i b r a r y 4. p a r k i n g a r e a 5. d a n c e t h e a t e r 6. r e s t r o o m
S E C T I O N AA’ 1 : 3 0 0 1. p a r k i n g r am p 2. a d m i n i s t r a t i o n 3. l i b r a r y 4. p a r k i n g a r e a 5. d a n c e t h e a t e r 6. r e s t r o o m
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[DE]FORM Togs Competition . temporary outdoor . exhibition . design
â&#x20AC;&#x153; The Ideas Competition generates innovative proposals for a temporary outdoor structure that will function simultaneously as an exhibition space and as an architectural exhibition.â&#x20AC;? - TOGS 3, purpose statement
BArch . Winter 2010 . 4 weeks 30
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module 1 MODULE no.1
This first module is mostly a direct reinterpretation of the Pin Screen. Each component’s tongue and groove were designed to attach it to its neighbour in the x and y plane, giving it freedom to move freely along the z axis. This configuration allows for a direct deformation of the system as a result of the objects exhibited. Moreover, the object’s “echo” would then remain as a deformation on the system.
Just as a Pin Screen deforms in reaction to the force applied, this projects aims at creating a similarily dynamic exhibition space, deforming as a reaction to its users, immediate surroundings, and objects exhibited. The result is a series of systems, which in this manner deform to emphasize the objects exhibited at times, to user activities another, and further on to create a shelter. As a result, the conventional exhibition space is no longer rigid; its form is liberated to react to the exhibitions it houses in a more flexible manner.
module 2 Urban tag resulted from experiments in creating curves with the previous orthogonal modules. The fice new modules are based on the perimeter of a circle, creating an arch based on the circle’s curvature. The resulting vertical undulation spawns a new animal. This predator engulfs the city’s transportation hubs, harrasing its users with a taste of the latest exhibition at a nearby venue.
MODULE no.2
Urban Tag resulted from experiments in creating curves with the previous orthogonal modules. The five new modules are based on the perimeter of a circle creating an arch based on the circle’s curvature. The resulting vertical undulation spawns a new animal. This predator engulfs (Right) Axonometric view, showthe city’s transportation hubs; harassing its users with a ing a possible configuration of taste of the latest exhibition at a nearby venue. the module. (Left) Cross-sections of the module, illustrating the tongue and groove logic.
MODULE no.2
Urban Tag resulted from experiments in creating curves with the previous orthogonal modules. The five new modules are based on the perimeter of a circle creating an arch based on the circle’s curvature. The resulting vertical undulation spawns a new animal. This predator engulfs the city’s transportation hubs; harassing its users with a taste of the latest exhibition at a nearby venue.
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33
A
A
module 3 The “Building Skin”, is the largest application of the Pin Screen system to date. It has been designed to dress the entrance facade of an exhibition space performing as an introduction to the featured works inside. Not unlike the Vertical Display, Building Skin is capable of bulging by recession and protrusion. These recessions and protrusions are further exaggerated to produce overhangs and entrances. Hollow sections were introduced in the third module in order to allow for ventilation and maintain views to the retrofitted facade. The voids also provide an opportunity for the display of objects from the exhibition. Below is an example of the skin’s integration within an urban fabric, while on the left a close-up view of what this system appears like clarifies the degree to which the screen reveals and conceals the space behind.
(Above) Module Detail, (Right) Building Skin in plan (Left) Rendering showing its integration within an urban context.
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THE SECOND SKIN An Architectural Trilogy
[1]
[2]
[3]
2
MArch . summer 2012 . 8 weeks 35
THE SECOND SKIN A Prosthetic Device
MArch . summer 2012 . 2 weeks 36
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[3]
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fig 1.Intradermal injections by injecting a small amount of allergen just beneath the skin surface fig 2. purified horse allergen and fig 3.purified grass allergen are the two substances the patient is most allergic to fig 4. the width of the reaction measures the growth of wheal, a small swelling of the skin note. Two millimeters of growth in 10 minutes is considered positive. fig 5. patientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s arm before prick test fig 6. allergens applied onto the skin fig 7. skin pricked on the surface fig 8. skin reaction after 5 minutes fig 9. minute 15 grass and horse allergens seem to react strongly fig 10. minute 25 - patient is clearly allergic to most allergens, but deathly allergic to horse and grass allergens
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[1] Allergic reaction mapping The understanding of the body as a hybrid, a super-organism, upon which, change and direct contact with the environment is not only inevitable, but also desirable. Indeed, the defense mechanisms of the body can only be developped if the body encounters a specific environment. The relationship is necessary for the survival of the body, yet it has its limitation. The second skin seeks balance, as it is constantly receiving, reacting, adapting, remembering, rejecting, tolerating. 5
Translating the normally invisible microcosm into a visible, textured macrocosm in order to inspire, provoke and confront people, making them realize that the body in only able to exist if the different forms of life on it cooperate; by shielding this “alive” layer, we are only suffocating it, to the point of self destruction. This visible textured macrocosm is in fact the manifestation of a new field of spatialities and temporalities that open up as the body and the environment fuse. Allergic reaction scripting The use of scripting, as a time-based methodology, allowed us to track and extract moments of the allergic reaction of the patient, morphed into a voronoi pattern depicting the changing nature of the invisible layer of the skin. The script analyses the pigment of the skin and translates the gradients of the skin into point clouds, which are then decomposed through a Voronoi pattern. The rectangular grid depicts areas of the outer skin where no reaction has occured, representing the “normal” potential of the second skin. As a continuously adapting and morphing skin was imagined, certain moments were frozen in order to reveal the reaction of the skin at a particular instant. The sequence, therefore, reveals the decomposition of the grid pattern into a cellular one; a second skin is forming as a response to the environment.
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The second skin In the final interpretative stage of the process, we sought to materialize the second skin. The prosthetic device becomes the materialization of a phenomenon that would otherwise be invisible to the naked eye. Our speculation is a skin capable of mediating between the body and the environment, no longer acting as an isolating unit but a filter, a porous membrane adapting to the bodyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs. The second skin therefore represents the balance necessary between the body and the environment, allowing spatiality and temporality to fuse in a new field, as Merleau-Ponty states in his book â&#x20AC;&#x153; the visible and the invisibleâ&#x20AC;?.
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PARASITIC SYMBIOSIS
Impregnating the Super-hospital
MArch . summer 2012 . 3 weeks 41
circu
circulation
circulation
highl
circulation
highly used spaces
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circulation
highly used spaces
used spaces
under
highly used spaces
used spaces
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Insertion I Insertion InsI
unuse the abortion clinic the abortion the
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[2] Parasitic Symbiosis The Clinic will be a prototype of impregnating hospitals with an abortion clinic. this will be an embryonic prototype, strongly integrated to the building infrastructure and/or program yet functionally strong as to impose its necessity, as socio-political changes in the future will make use of the possible symbiotic relationship between the two entities. The hospital will act as the second skin for the abortion clinic, a physical and social filter, protecting yet displaying the new addition to the facility. The clinicâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s symbiotic relationship with the hospital shall be manifest through the development of stem-cell research. The parasite will be an overt exposure within the hospitalâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s fortress. inverted skin_alternate parasitic system existing in the infrastructure of the superhospital. As general super-hospitals, like most other architecture, need to be pre-conceived prematurely, much of the finalized designed space will , further on, prove to be obsolete/unnecessary/unfit to the momentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s needs, especially considering the scale of the architecture and the estimated time of delivery of such a project. The parasite will use the opportunity to overtake these ill-conceived spaces and makes them fit to its purposes.
ulation
ly used spaces used
highly used
spaces used
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highly used
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under-used
Insertion II Insertion Insertion II II II sertion I Insertion Insertion I I IInsertion IIInsertion
Insertion III Insertion Insertion III Insertion Insertion III III III highly used
ed/locked spaces cell research stem cell stem research cell stem research cell stemresearch cell research stolen space clinic abortion the abortion the clinic abortion clinic stem clinic used
stolen space stolenstolen spacestolen space space
not used Insertion IVInsertion Insertion IV Insertion Insertion IV IV IV
Insertion V Inserti
linked hybrid
oncology research oncology
linked hybrid linkedlinked hybrid linked hybrid hybrid
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programmatic deployment counselling room + office [4]
outdoor recovery area [6]
waiting room [3]
recovery room + exit [7]
entrance + reception [2]
We have therefore imagined a parasite latching on a piece of infrastructure within the hospital. Imposing the abortion clinic onto the most repetitively banal space of the hospital, the fire-escape,not only allows this space to become the threshold between the hospital and the clinic, but also turns this undesirably necessary infrastructure into a priviledged hidden entrance for the patients of the clinic. From there, the parasite makes its way toward the outter facade of the building where it can finally grow safely. The minimal depth of this skin, allows it to appear disguised as a programless space, unnoticed by many in the labyrinth of the superhospital, merely exposed as a screen animating the fire-escape, while,in fact behind the screen, the program of the abortion clinic is ever-evolving. The acceptance of abortion as a common neutral right, will catalyse the symbiotic relationship between the clinic and the hospital and allow the former to provide the adequate facilities on stem cell research to the latter in its available space.
outdoor terrace for the hospital [6]
The acceptance of abortion inherently becomes an integral part of society through this porous skin adapting to social and political changes regarding the debate overtime. Conducted within a Hospital, this trade off from the synthetic views on abortion and pro-life research allows the Hospital to be seen beyond its basic utility as a social and political machine incorporating technology as a marker of modernity. hospital ground floor [1]
anti-chamber + procedure room [5]
section
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entrance + reception [2]
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recovery room + exit [7]
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RECLAIMING CRISIS: Provoking Small, Controlled, Urban Responses
The last set of work of this architectural trilogy further explores the idea that medical, social and urban crisis can be used as a vector for the production of new realities for Jacmel.
Scope of intervention The scope of the project recogizes the need for a large scale intervention. This is not about one hospital, but about the alliances of a manifold of interconnected hospitals within the city. Deployed as such, the hospitals become more than health care providers, but also reinforcement to the city infrastructure as the only sources of potable water. This allows each hospital to be seen beyond its basic utility, as an integral part of the larger cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s framework, claiming its status as a social and political machine.
MArch . Summer 2012 . 3 weeks 48
Existing Reaction points
jacmel
Multi-hazard risk zones and terrain: flood risk and wet lands The scheme reacts to the flood lines risk by installing an all-encompassing sewage, irrigation, filtration and water distribution system. It takes form as a chain reaction: the system starts on the eastern border of the Jacmel where it takes its source in the Rivière de la Cosse and makes its way through the neighborhoods where it is filtrated and distributed. More specifically, each hospital unit receives polluted water to be filtrated, used and distrubuted on site for that particular neighborhood. Contaminated water then goes to the adjacent neighborhood wherein it is filtrated and re-distributed once again. Although the creation of neighborhood units physically appears as a model encouraging isolation and segration, the town is actually bounded by a strategic alliance between all health care institutions; their being interdependant when it comes to the provision of potable water.
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utopic model
center vs outskirts model
_# units: 19 _radius: 0.25 miles _max. population: 95,000 - 190,000
_# units: 24 _city center radius: 0.15 miles _outskirts radius: 0.25 miles _max. population: 120,000 - 240,000
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Most importantly, the final scheme exploits the mostly damaged areas after the 2010 earthquake as privileged entry points for the deployment of the proposed neighborhood units.
overlapping model
Isolated neighborhoods distributed across Jacmel. This model isIsolated sensitive to the difference in neighborhoods distributed across the Jacmel territory. model is its sensidensity between theThis center and tive to the difference in density between outskirts, allotting more infra- by the city center and its outskirts, allotting more and resources structure and infrastructure resources in the in the center. center.
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The urban intervention on the Jacmel territory results from a series of studies evolving from a repeated cookie-cutter utopic model to one that is increasingly sensitive to Haiti’s mode of living and therein the difference in density in the urban as opposed to the suburban fabric.
overlapping model
center vs outskirts model
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borhoods.
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Isolated neighborhoods distributed across the Jacmel territory. Isolated neighborhoods distributed This model implies de-densificaacross the Jacmel territory. This model thus implies de-densification of tion, relocation of residents the city center, thus relocation of towards outer residents the towards theneighborhoods. outer neigh-
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utopic model
Urban Units Deployment
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_# units: 29
_citymodel center of radius: 0.15 miles This overlapping neighbor_outskirts radius: 0.25 miles hoods distributed across- focuses _max. population: 145,000 290,000 on the existing high-density fabric This model of overlapping neighborhoods distributed across the overlaps Jacmel territory of the center.The thus takes in consideration the existing high-density represent concentration of populafabric of the city center. The overlaps thus resources,but represent concentration of population, tion more importantly resources, but more importantly potential potential hidden alliances within hidden alliances within the city. the city.
5 5 9 9 13 15 13 15
36 36 post-earthquake building damages
post-earthquake building post-earthquake post-earthquake building building damages damages high
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damages
“A strong earthquake of magnitude 7.0 hit Haiti on the 12th of January 2010 at 21h53 high high (GTM), 16h53 (local time). This map low showslowa density if damaged buildings and gathering “A strong “A strong earthquake earthquake ofinmagnitude of magnitude 7.0 hit 7.0 hit areas as observed DigitalGlobe imagery Haitiacquired Haiti on the on 12th the of January of 2010 2010 at 21h53 at the 12th 15th of January January 2010 in 21h53 the (GTM), (GTM), 16h53 16h53 (local (local time). time). This This map shows map shows a city of Jacmel.” International Charter - Space a density density if damaged if damaged buildings buildings and gathering and gathering and Major Disasters areasareas as observed as observed in DigitalGlobe in DigitalGlobe imagery imagery acquired acquired the 15th the 15th of January of January 2010 2010 in the in the city city of Jacmel.” of Jacmel.” International International Charter Charter - Space - Space
“ A strong earthquake of magnitude 7.0 hit Haiti on the 12th of January 2010 at 21h53. This map shows the density of damaged and Major and Disasters Major Disasters buildings and gathering areas as observed in digital globe imagery.
post-earthquake model _# units: 36 _city center radius: 0.15 miles post-earthquake model post-earthquake model _outskirts radius: 0.25 miles _max. population: 180,000 - 360,000 _# units: _# units: 36 36
post-earthquake model
_city_city center center radius: radius: 0.15 0.15 milesmiles This rendition of the overlapping neighbor-
_outskirts _outskirts radius: radius: 0.25 0.25 milesmiles This rendition of the overlapping model refocuses the revitalization not _max.hoods _max. population: population: 180,000 180,000 - 360,000 - 360,000 only in the city center but also according neighborhoods model refocuses to the availability of space in the city. This This rendition rendition of the of overlapping the overlapping neighborneighborthe revitalization not only inrevitalization the Damaged buildings areas represent more hoods hoods modelmodel refocuses refocuses the revitalization the not not opportunity rehabilitation. only center only in the in but city the for city center center but also but also according city also according to according to the to availability the availability of space of space in the in city. the city. the availability ofareas space inrepresent the city. Damaged Damaged buildings buildings areas represent more more opportunity opportunity for rehabilitation. for rehabilitation. Damaged building areas represent more opportunity for rehabilitation
reaction points - community centers _# units: 36 _# community centers: 36 reaction reaction points points - community - community centers centers _max. population: 180,000 - 360,000 _population _# units: _# units: 36 362012: 40,000 _max. population growth: _# community _# community centers: centers: 36 36 900%
emerging cellular pattern Each neighborhood finds its vital resources
reaction points - community centers
emerging cellular pattern in itscellular center - the hospital being the main emerging emerging cellular pattern pattern
_max._max. population: population: 180,000 180,000 - its 360,000 -vital 360,000 Each neighborhood finds _population _population 2012:2012: 40,000 40,000 resources in its center - 900% the 900% hos_max._max. population population growth: growth: pital being the main provider of adequate health care and potable water-.
The overlaps are translated into main streets connecting all the The overlaps overlaps are translated are translated into into main main streets streets unitsThe together from the city center connecting connecting all the all units the units together together from from the city the city center center to the to suburbs. the suburbs. to the outskirts
provider of adequate health care and potable
-. Each water Each neighborhood neighborhood finds finds its vital its vital resources resources in its in center its center - the- hospital the hospital being being the main the main The overlaps are translated into provider provider of adequate of adequate health health care care andmain potable and streets potable connecting all the units together from the city water water -. -. center to the suburbs.
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1 neighborhood scale
Formal gesture
new above ground sewer system
2 building scale
The hospital emerges from the convergence of the city grid onto a central lot within each neighborhood unit.
new water filtration system
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new water pump stations
3 person scale
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Scripting
This civic center will act as the centrifugal force of the neighborhood and a node among the network of the 36 spread-out throughout the city. The overall form is therefore flexible and dependant upon the grid existing in its periphery, while the division of the complex into multiple buildings allows for flexible arrangements and changes within each building. 3
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The script input (Fig.1) is based on the existing damaged areas and the proposed neighborhood units. By regulating the the grid size, the script achieve a secundary cellular pattern within the previously defined neighborhood units.(Fig.2) The new grid represents the interior ‘local’ streets all converging to their respective focal points. (Fig.3)
Scripting The script input (left) is based on the existing damaged areas and the proposed neighborhood units, as demonstrated previously. Fig.1
By regulating the grid size, the script achieves a secondary cellular pattern within the previously defined neighborhood units.
Fig.2
Fig.3
The new grid represents the interior “local” streets all converging to their respecting focal points.
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_Site plan
The hospital emerges from the convergerce of the city grid onto a central lot within each neighborhood unit. This civic centre will act as the centrifugal force of the neighborhood and a node among the network of the 36 spread-out throughout the city. The overall form is therefore flexible and dependant upon the grid existing in its periphery, while the division of the complex into multiple buildings allows for flexible arrangements and changes within each building.
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[1] TRIAGE BUILDING 1 public drop-off area 1 admission desk 1 waiting room 4 triage rooms [2] EMERGENGY BUILDING trauma + acute care unit 12 beds 8 examination rooms 1 nurses station 2 storage + supply space 1 ambulance bay 1 paramedic + police station 3 ambulance stations observation unit 1 room 1 nurses station 1 storage + supply
[3] CLINICAL BUILDING infectious disease department 5 examination rooms 4 procedure room 1 recovery room [4] BED TOWER 1 14 beds [5] BED TOWER 2 12 beds [6] FUTURE EXPANSION BUILDING
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