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Grand Chief Mandy Gull-Masty

Vote Gull-Masty

by Will Nicholls

It was a sudden announcement, coming four days after our new Prime Minister Mark Carney called the next federal election for April 28. Mandy Gull-Masty resigned as Cree Grand Chief and announced she is running as the Liberal Party candidate in the riding of Abitibi—Baie-James— Nunavik—Eeyou.

We will miss her as Grand Chief, but we applaud her choice. So show up and vote on April 28, or even better, in early voting. And vote for Mandy Gull-Masty.

as Grand

Nation is published every two weeks by

CONTRIBUTING WRITERS X. Kataquapit, P. Quinn, P. Quinn, N. Fedosieieva, J. Janke

Malthouse, Danielle Valade THANKS TO: Air Creebec

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P.O. Box 151, Chisasibi, QC. J0M 1E0 www.nationnews.ca EDITORIAL: will@nationnews.ca news@nationnews.ca ADS: Danielle Valade: ads@nationnews.ca; Donna Malthouse: donna@beesum.com

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Going federal

by Patrick Quinn, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

Grand Chief resigns to run as Liberal candidate

Grand Chief Mandy Gull-Masty has announced her resignation and been named the Liberal candidate for the Abitibi–Baie-James–Nunavik–Eeyou riding in the next federal election. The Grand Council of the Crees confirmed that a special resolution had been adopted to support this transition.

Effective March 31, Deputy Grand Chief Norman A. Wapachee will assume the role of Grand Chief, receiving the full support of leadership and administration. At a Cree Nation Government meeting March 27, GullMasty cried when announcing she had accepted the nomination.

“It’s very hard on me because I love my Nation so much,” Gull-Masty said. “I did this job with all of my heart.”

With the next nomination period for Grand Chief opening on May 22 with elections to be held July 17, the Grand Council gave assurance that this announcement in no manner affects the Cree Nation Government’s obligations, services and daily operations. It said the Abitibi–Baie-James–Nunavik–Eeyou riding is rich in diversity and opportunities.

While Sylvie Bérubé of the Bloc Québécois has been the riding’s Member of Parliament since the 2019 federal election, new Prime Minister Mark Carney and uncertainty caused by the trade war with the United States has vastly boosted Liberal prospects across the province and country.

In thanking Gull-Masty for her “unwavering dedication and service to Eeyou Istchee,” the Grand Council reiterated the importance of progressive federal partnerships that benefit our region as a whole.

“Sending a strong and principled voice to represent us in Parliament... is an opportunity fully supported by the Cree Nation,” read the statement. “Mista mikwetc, Mandy, sook!”

“It’s very hard on me because I love my Nation so much... I did this job with all of my heart”

ouwahstore@gmail.com www.ouwahstore.com (514) 588-3162 18 Fort-George Road

To hear more about the role and the hiring process, please contact producer Jaime Little at jaime.little@cbc.ca

Chisasibi was already abuzz with a sporting tournament and snowmobile race whesn the Canadian Armed Forces arrived March 1 for a week-long winter training exercise with a Cree group of Canadian Rangers. The 34th Canadian Brigade Group called Exercise Xerus Nordique “a resounding success.”

Ahead of the first warfare simulation in Chisasibi since 2014, the brigade visited the community in October to meet the band council and tour local facilities. As the largest Cree community, Chisasibi has a hospital and other infrastructure to support such missions.

“One of the reasons why we chose Chisasibi is we have strategic infrastructure in that region,” said Lt. Col. Sébastien Campagna, the brigade group commander. “Chief Daisy House was telling me the dams in La Grande River generate about half the power in Quebec, not to mention the northeast of the US.”

With climate change opening new Arctic routes and emerging geopolitical threats forcing Canada to reassert its sovereignty, keeping the North “strong and free” is a national priority. The federal government recently announced a tenfold increase in military infrastructure spending over the next 20 years.

The 179 troops in the exercise consisted mainly of a reserve unit from the Montreal area, along with regular forces from Valcartier and 14 officer cadets from the military college. Campagna wanted to give the part-time reservists a challenging deployment in winter conditions.

“It was a very eye-opening experience for all the troops involved,” Campagna told the Nation. “We’re not used to minus-40 with the wind chill factor – we had quite a few cold injuries. Even then, the locals were telling me that’s warm for that time of year.”

The initiative was a logistics challenge involving military police and medical technicians. The reservists

boarded a plane in Montreal while vehicles arriving from Valcartier brought fuel, food and supplies for different battle scenarios, including snowshoes, toboggans, skis and radio antennas.

The visitors received a warm welcome, particularly on a “cultural day” just after their arrival. Chisasibi residents prepared local delicacies and demonstrated crafts like snowshoe-making.

“They had displays of traditional artifacts and Labrador tea,” recalled Chief Daisy House. “The women’s group Elders created traditional meals: fish with berries, ptarmigan, goose. They had the works – I said you guys are spoiled.”

The Armed Forces rented the giant Cree Trappers’ Association cabin, the auditorium and the Mitchuap Building, where troops slept “packed like sardines.” Others camped in tents, preparing their food on camp stoves. Locals also constructed a traditional dwelling similar to a longhouse with furs and fresh boughs for carpets.

“They all wanted to sleep in there,” Chief House said. “Campagna showed me a photo of two of his sons sleeping in the traditional dwelling. We always have someone keeping wood in the fire at night. A few nights were brutally cold.”

The Canadian Rangers shared traditional knowledge for managing frigid temperatures, often building open fires and making tea. Guiding the troops

Northern Sovereignty

Chisasibi Rangers join Canadian military for Arctic defence training

by Patrick Quinn, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

through unfamiliar terrain and on the lookout for dangerous animals, they demonstrated techniques like medical evacuations, making shelters and fishing underwater using nets.

As platoons in white camouflage advanced in formation during the tactical exercise, Rangers played the role of scouts, reporting to troops if they spied an “enemy” and escorting the injured to safety. With about four feet of snow, the Rangers passed on snowshoe and snowmobile techniques.

“The troops had to carry all their gear and sleds going by foot,” said Sgt. Alvin Cash, a Chisasibi Ranger for 15 years. “Day to day we were constantly out there with the troops on the trails.”

Rangers are a predominantly Indigenous part of the Army’s reserve unit, serving as their “eyes and ears” in remote regions. After the first Cree Ranger patrol was established in Waskaganish in 1999, other coastal communities followed before Chisasibi’s patrol began in 2009.

With Waswanipi starting a Rangers program this year, only Mistissini currently remains without a patrol. Requiring part-time commitment, Rangers won’t be sent off to war but serve as important first responders for community emergencies, such as search-and-rescue operations, polar bear encounters and forest fire missions.

In February, nine Chisasibi Rangers embarked on a weeklong 1,400 km

snowmobile journey to Nemaska territory and back with all of Eeyou Istchee’s Rangers for the first time. Despite travelling in complete whiteout conditions for two days and having two snowmobiles break down, everyone returned safely.

“We had to create our own trails to reach our destinations,” Cash explained. “A few obstacle challenges taking the skidoo through bushes, mostly rocks or branches. I told the group you made history on your first expedition.”

There is growing interest in the program and Cash was pleased that a few people signed up during the week. He enjoys sharing his expertise with the next generation. In visits to Chisasibi’s schools, youth centre and commercial centre, an Armed Forces recruitment team promoted opportunities in the Canadian Rangers and the Carcajou training program for Indigenous people.

Cash was honoured with a medal of excellence at the final day’s traditional feast, which Campagna organized as a reward for troops and to thank community members for their hospitality. After a ceremonial march, there was an exchange of flags and Chief House was given a plaque and honorary coin.

“The parade was something to see,” remarked Chief House. “It was nice to collaborate in such a way – it shows them the reality of the North.”

Eeyou Istchee Tourism guide launched

Tourisme Baie-James and Eeyou Istchee Tourism have released the 2025-2026 edition of their Official Tourist Guide. Showcasing the region and its tourism businesses, over 30,000 copies of the free guide will be distributed across Quebec, Ontario, the northeastern United States, and even Europe.

With nearly half of Quebecers planning to cancel US trips amidst political tensions, local tourism is expected to boom this year, generating an estimated additional $1.5 billion in economic activity.

The annually updated tourism guide recommends must-see activities, cultural events, accommodation options, and practical advice related to safety and sustainable development.

Offering translations of essential Cree words, the guide includes a directory of local artists and artisans along with key attractions in each community. Detailed maps and contact information highlight rest stops and lookout points to simplify travel to both Cree and Jamesian communities.

There is a calendar of local events, popular restaurants, hunting and fishing essentials, and a guide to numerous trails for hiking, cycling, skiing and snowmobiling. Vibrant pictures portray the northern lights, outdoor activities and the region’s wildlife.

Available in print and digital versions, the guide can be downloaded for free from

the official website eeyouistcheebaiejames.com or ordered for home delivery.

Cree Nation

mourns victims of house fire

Cree communities held vigils to honour the spirits of a young mother and her two children who perished in a house fire in Chisasibi during the early hours of March 12. The victims are Wynona Chiskamish and her children

Sara-Reya Chiskamish, 3 years old, and Ryland-John Chiskamish, 7 months.

Eeyou Eenou Police Force said officers arrived on the scene to find that some individuals had escaped the house with minor injuries. Officers secured the area and tried to contain the fire.

“This devastating incident has left us in a state of shock and grief so immense, it is clearly felt throughout Eeyou Istchee and beyond,” the Chisasibi band council said in a statement. “Please accept our deepest condolences and prayers as you navigate the excruciating pain of losing these three beautiful angels.”

The Cree Nation Government expressed solidarity with the Chiskamish and Bobbish families and

their loved ones. The Sûreté du Québec major crimes unit is investigating the cause of the fire.

The community said that “the love we give each other is one of our Cree customs that has never wavered through the generations.”

The council encouraged anyone struggling with the tragedy to reach out to support workers, family members and help lines.

Wiichihiiwaauwin Helpline: 1-833-632-4357

Kid’s Help Phone: 1-800668-6868

Hope for Wellness: 1-855242-3310

Chisasibi launches SiBi Airline

The Cree Nation of Chisasibi launched a new airline on March 5 called SiBi Air, which will provide medical evacuation and charter flight services. The initiative was celebrated with a new nine-passenger Beechcraft King Air 350 landing at Robert Kanatewat Airport.

“We put a lot of work into this project so it is successful,” said Barry Bearskin, the community’s director general of operations. “We did what the people wanted considering it’s been discussed for a long time.”

The idea of owning its own plane or airline has been floated by community members for over 20 years. Certified for air taxi and commuter operations, SiBi Air states that it operates a modern fleet with advanced landing technology for remote access even in poor weather conditions.

Operated by Northern Thunderbird Air, it hopes to add a bush plane, helicopter services and a pilot training program in the coming years. On-demand private charter flights are able to reach flexible destinations throughout the continent while medevac flights will include medical professionals and two LifePort patient care systems for timely patient care.

With construction on a $420 million hospital scheduled to begin this spring and growing interest in pilot careers, this alternative to Air Creebec is intended to promote the region’s capacity development. Chief Daisy House said the service launch was “truly a proud moment for Chisasibi.”

“I am anxious to start the pilot programming school here in Chisasibi, for anyone who wants to follow a pilot program, so they don’t have to move down south to take the training to be a pilot,” said Bearskin.

Making Connections

Indigenous Connections Summit displays growing economic and political power

by Will Nicholls

The Indigenous Connections Summit, held March 11-13 at Montreal’s Palais des congrès, was full of the who’s who and what’s what.

Participants and guests ranged from Grand Chief Mandy Gull-Masty to Makivik Corporation’s Jason Annahatak, Senator Michèle Audette, Quebec Indigenous Affairs Minister Ian Lafrenière and more. The topics included reconciliation, dealing with the government through procurement or arranging capital, economic agreements and Indigenous human resources.

The Nation interviewed four attendees and here’s what they had to say.

Ghislain Picard, former assembly of first nations reGional chief for Quebec and labrador

- Nation: So, you’re officially retired from the AFNQL. But not all retired?

- Picard: Since the election took place on February 25, yes. Well, you can’t invest 35 years altogether in active politics and say this is the end and I’m not doing it anymore. When it comes to politics and what I have observed and learned, I am marked for life. It’s in me and there are different ways to do politics so I will do it in a different way.

This is where you merge the reality of your people, the diversity of our nations and how governments function. With that I will connect when the occasion presents itself to express opinions on different matters.

- Nation: I guess you feel that it’s lucky that Justin Trudeau got out of politics as early as he did?

- Picard: Yeah, yeah (laughter). The government seems to have removed itself from its commitments they made in 2015 when the Prime Minister said there was no more important relationship then the one they had with Indigenous people. I haven’t heard that in recent years so it strikes me that once again Indigenous issues are being put on the back burner too quickly.

- Nation: With Donald Trump’s tariffs, don’t you think this will affect Indigenous communities more than non-Indigenous communities, especially with food insecurity and high prices?

- Picard: The first answer is that we are consumers and that we will be affected so we should be concerned about it. That is what the feds and the provinces don’t seem to understand. They might not even consider it. With the issues you raised I think we should be in on the potential solutions, and this is what we have said to Quebec.

Not to underestimate Trump but adding the Indigenous issue to the threat from the Canadian side might create some instability with him because if our brothers and sisters from the US were to join in that could create a force that he is not even considering at this time. I’m not trying to exaggerate but if we don’t address the issue then nobody will.

- Nation: If you look at Standing Rock, it brought together a lot of people who were veterans and in the US Armed Forces.

- Picard: Yes, and that issue is coming back to the forefront as well.

- Nation: What was your favourite part of the Indigenous Connections Summit?

- Picard: Seeing that Michael Sabia was here to talk about Hydro-Québec, the fact that Hydro-Québec is getting out of its comfort zone and the public strategy they announced last year on economic reconciliation. They’re doing something that the government they are accountable to hasn’t done, which is to recognize the UNDRIP. While at the same time not really denying its past, which has not always been positive when it comes to Indigenous peoples.

This should serve as an example to all those businesses out there that it is possible. I think the objective of the Connections Summit is to provide mediators – are we making progress, are we advancing?

I take you back to 2006 when we organized a forum and said things have to change for our peoples. They have to be part of the solution. They have to be a part of what happens on their traditional lands. A lot of people have talked about IBAs [Impact and Benefit Agreements] for Indigenous communities. Today I feel we are beyond that. We are talking about major projects where First Nations can be more than stakeholders – they can be partners.

senator michèle audette

- Nation: We haven’t really talked since you became a senator.

- Audette: Yes. I was going to ask which Michèle you wanted to talk to: the senator, Université Laval, the mother or the Gookum?

- Nation: The Senate first.

- Audette: We met when I was about 28 years old. You remember the person I was? [Yes.] That time I was told when I was with Quebec Native Women, “Look, Michèle, we have to go and present to the Senate our position.” I replied that I felt they were really racist and why would I go there when they were all old and white. The lawyer said maybe I needed to do some homework about what the Senate is.

So, we went and I spoke about Bill C-31and sex discrimination. I was shocked because I told Dianne, they know more about my history, they knowmore about the Indian Act than I do. They are with me. They want to change, amend or scrap the Indian Act.

I take back what I said before. I said that when I get older, I want to be a part of the Senate to get rid of the Indian Act. I became old at 50, when I was appointed. I applied and applied, and I was refused and then it happened.

I always remind myself that yes, we’re inside the beast. The monster or the place that made sure we did not exist or that we would disappear. I made sure that my office was close to that of Sir John A. Macdonald to remind him, his spirit, and his one picture: “Hey, look at me you missed your shot. I am standing, we are standing, thousands and thousands of us to undo what you have done to us. You are stuck with me for the next 25 years.” That was my prayer to him. He’s still my neighbour.

I enjoy the Senate. It’s tough, emotionally tough also, because of the way it’s structured and the way we do things. But I try to be creative from the inside

and I’m not afraid to remind people that we are still here and we are not going away.

- Nation: Now you are a mother and a Gookum.

- Audette: Yeah, that’s a fulltime responsibility. They make me grow, they make me cry, they make me laugh, they make me wonder and I have beautiful white hair because of them. My oldest sons are 30 and 33 and the twins are 18 next week. My baby boy is 17 in a month and then I have a granddaughter. I didn’t think I was going to be a mom one day or even could but today I say that I would take the same path because I am blessed to be their mom and Gookum.

- Nation: What do you think of the conference?

- Audette: When I was listening to stuff I was reacting inside. Sometimes it was that’s healing, oh my god it’s about time. I hope it’s not the last one. I saw an ex-mayor from Chateauguay telling me that he remembers when we met and the

teachings from many First Nations and the Mohawk people. To see a dialogue and a space to speak with the two governments and a space to learn and to respect and to be transparent.

When that mayor said anyone wishing to be a mayor or is one should have a minimum of three hours of history about those who were the First Peoples of this land. Now I understand what it means the mayor said. I told him he should say that on the microphone. And he cried. He had tears and said he was so emotional because it was a shame they didn’t learn this when they were young. For me that was powerful.

- Nation: Since you’re with the government I have to ask this question. The effects of tariffs by Trump – won’t this be hard on Indigenous communities? And do you think the feds will come out with an Indigenous care package to help them through this hard time?

- Audette: Big-time effects. I haven’t heard anything but if you go to the website of Senator Paul Prosper you will see

some interesting stuff about Indigenous economic potential and the tariffs.

There are many of us saying it’s been 500 years since we have seen with all five senses that we affected by those type of threats. We are resilient but today you are still talking like we do not exist. When I saw the exchange in the way they want to defend or protect Canada I never heard where the Indigenous People of the land have to be with them to teach or share resilience. Also, all the economic extraction it’s all on our land.

To me it’s “Oh, so it’s going to be a conversation that we will have in the chamber but it’s not something that we see.” The next government, whichever party is in power, we will remind them over and over: Do not think we are Canadian because we are from a Nation, that is our identity. So if you’re doing business as usual, you’re doing it without us and that doesn’t work anymore.

The threat of tariffs we know exactly how that type of thing feels or what it does to us.

Grand chief mandy Gull-masty

- Nation: You were a panelist at the Summit?

- Gull-Masty: Yes, we were asked what economic reconciliation meant to us. I spoke about the position of the Cree Nation, and all of our economic endeavours. Some of the successful projects we have had like a multi-nation hotel project, the ownership of which is shared among four First Nations here in Quebec.

We talked about what our strategy was. How we want to invest in the Cree communities and how we invest externally and how we use the profits to invest

in the Cree communities. I’m happy to explain the approach we took in economic development where we are. How the agreement we signed affected us as there were many issues in the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement.

When Norman (Wapachee) and I came into our mandate it was up to us to create those relationships with other First Nations. We invested a lot of time and energy into it. We were there to share, and we did nation-to nation agreements. For example, the caribou agreement with the Innu. This led to other endeavours. But we also explained in our investment group how we extended an invitation to other First Nations to co-invest with us in

other projects. It’s really gotten the ball rolling and there’s a lot of interest.

I also spoke a lot to industry and what I wanted them to understand is not to look at consultations as hard work. It’s not just another step in the process. It’s how you are able to secure your project and guarantee your investment, the project development cycle and importantly, how to attain social acceptability. Relationships built on communication are critical to being a successful proponent in the Cree territory.

The industry has to shift its mindset and realize how much more powerful they are when they have an Indigenous voice at the table supporting them public-

Quebec minister of indiGenous affairs ian lafrenière

- Nation: It’s been too long since we last talked so what have you been up to?

- Lafrenière: Well, last week I was in Betsiamites. I try to be present as much as possible in the field because this is where you get feedback, and this is where you see realities. I say realities because it’s not one reality but many realities. So, there is a lot of work to do. We have different challenges. And now our friendly and not-so-friendly neighbour from down south is giving us another challenge which is an opportunity to work together with First Nations.

- Nation: What about food insecurity, especially in the more northern or rural First Nations? I’ve been to one community where I saw a $16 toothbrush.

- Lafrenière: Yes, and most of the Americans will realize that the tariffs will also apply to them. I think a reality check will happen on their side because the cost of living will increase. On our side we have to ensure that all of the prov-

ly. This means that there is collaboration and true reconciliation. When industry hires Indigenous people, make sure that they are in administrative positions rather than just bottom-level workers.

I was pleased to hear the four commitments Hydro-Québec made: increasing the procurement from $1 billion to $1.4 billion; increasing Cree employment from 10% to 15%; a scholarship bursary program to get people into engineering; and ensuring there are no barriers for Indigenous communities that were pursuing projects in partnership with them like wind.

The Cree Nation, we are in the process and having that discussion. We are working very closely with the Chiefs to understand what their expectations are. We are a Nation that is going to engage our members and ask them to co-develop with us a pathway of where we want the Cree Nation to go with energy development in the territory. There’s going to be a lot of hard work for the members of the Cree Nation to participate. We really want to be transparent and for people

inces are working together. There are so many things that we produce and share that we can work together for our common benefit. I heard Mandy Gull-Masty when she said, “What about using our treaties, what about using the fact we have special rules and laws that apply to us for commerce for example?”

So, let’s work together. We’re not up to that point now. Why that is, was that there was quite a commotion. Let’s be honest, Mr. Trump was there in the past and we experienced some challenges, but this is a tough one. Yes, a tough one.

- Nation: What do you think made that change for Trump?

- Lafrenière: I don’t know, and the thing is he’s so convinced that America is paying too much. He talks about steel putting $200 million in Canada and Americans start to believe that.

That is because of media as well. There is a crisis because people don’t look at traditional media and only use social media. So, they see the same messages all the time and they start believing them. I’ve seen the comments saying for too long Canadians have been tough with

to understand where we are going and that means giving them the opportunity to participate as well.

Nation: Do you feel Trump’s tariffs will affect First Nations?

Gull-Masty: Definitely. I’m keeping my eye on them daily. I’ve talked with Quebec and even asked Hydro-Québec about them because tariffs don’t seem to reach you directly. You do not get a bill. You notice over time things get more expensive. You’ll notice that industry, like in the Cree territory, will be impacted. Resource extraction like forestry and mining will see effects from that.

We don’t know what will happen, but right now there’s a lot of chaos. We’re not sure what is happening but I’m glad that Canada, including Quebec, are really working together to make a strong statement to fight what they are doing. There’s a lot of talk about the 51st state. I completely disagree. This is something I think no leadership would allow to happen. Canadians are Canadians, Indigenous Peoples are Indigenous

us and I’m quite surprised. But when you see those messages all the time, they must be true.

Trump sees that and thinks his actions will lower taxes on the American side, but he is wrong. You can see that by Wall Street and the reactions of the economy. There is a surprise, and it is called Elon Musk. This is something new for us and is a new reaction. All I have to say is be focused as we will have surprises. We all have to work together. All the provinces are working together but it has to include First Nations and the Inuit. That was a strong message I was sharing today. We need to work together on this one.

- Nation: What have you gotten out of this Summit?

- Lafrenière: First, the message I am telling you is that we have to include the First Nations and the Inuit. Our strategy with the Americans this week I heard that right here. This Summit is proof that there is still interest, and many companies and businesses are still involved in that. I have faith in the future, and I have confidence in that future.

Peoples. I am Cree, and I am behind this process. We have to support it to protect the boundaries of Canada.

Nation: Is there any truth to the rumours that you might be running as a Liberal candidate in the next federal election?

Gull-Masty: (laughter) I’m glad you asked this question. Last fall, I was approached to be a candidate in the next federal election. I did do an interview, and the party was extremely excited that I could potentially be a candidate. When I saw that the election might be called way sooner before the end of my term [as Cree Grand Chief], I declined the nomination. Again, I declined and informed them, but I think there was a bit of an internal miscommunication on their part and they put it on the website. But I want to tell the people straight from me I am not a candidate in this upcoming election. In the future. you never know.

[Minds

YDropping bars with Drezus at the Inspire Hope Conference in Nemaska

by Joshua Janke

outh, Elders and special guests from across the country converged on Nemasks for the 7th Inspire Hope Conference, a Cree Nation Youth Council event that encourages movement – both physically and mentally – toward a positive future.

Held March 6-9, the conference brought together Indigenous artists, creators and mentors. They included hip-hop sensation Drezus, who led lyric writing and sound production workshops alongside DJ JayMak. Other presenters, like designer Scott Wabano, crafting artist Jomarie Einish and the Mukash Clan, ran workshops about their professions and life paths.

Drezus (aka Jeremiah Manitopyes) arrived from Muskowekwan First Nation, Saskatchewan. His experience wasn’t just about music – it was about his journey and how sharing it with youth transforms his life.

The Calgary-based rapper has spent years making music, but it wasn’t linear. Drezus didn’t always see his path as inspirational; just something he survived.

“I started writing when I was nine or 10 years old,” he said. “The first time I performed was at 17. And at 19, I made my first mixtape. In 2004, I released my first commercial album. That was 21 years ago – crazy to think how long it’s been. Back then, I wasn’t thinking about community talks or workshops, I was just there to perform.”

When communities began asking him to speak to young people, things started to change.

“Growing up I dealt with a lot of addictions, self-esteem issues, peer pressure and bad influences,” he recounted. “I didn’t always see the positive side of my story. When people started reaching out about speaking to kids, I didn’t feel worthy at first because I was still struggling.”

It took time to see that his experiences held power. His healing became a turning point not just in his life but in how he could impact others.

“I started to realize that I had more power within sobriety and more power within my lived experiences,” Drezus said. “In 2017, I quit drinking and gave up hard drugs and that’s when things started to evolve.”

Sobriety was just the beginning. He discovered it wasn’t just stopping bad habits, but about giving his life meaning, connection and a deeper sense of identity.

“I started getting in touch with my spiritual side and my culture,” he explained. “People giving me a chance to speak to the youth was the spark I needed. The more I spoke and opened myself up, I began to realize there was this flood of emotions, and these feelings opened pathways for learning. I started going to the sweat lodge, attending ceremonies, and learning about the ways of my people.”

His stay in Nemaska reinforced this connection.

“Before heading to the conference, we went out on the land for a few days and took part in a sweat lodge. It was my first sweat in northern Quebec, and even though the dialects differ, the messages remain the same. It felt like home.”

An unexpected moment of the trip was meeting Anderson Jolly.

“We met Anderson, who became known as Smudge Plug, because he had all these smudges. He had five different types of sage from around Turtle Island, like sweet pine, sweetgrass. I was like, damn, this guy’s the plug for smudge!”

Drezus had no idea their paths would cross again. “All this happened without us knowing that he was going to be our guide in Nemaska a few days later.”

Jolly led Drezus and his group through the community, taking them to the Elders’ lodges where traditional skills were practiced. “It was cool because we got to see women preparing, scraping and soaking hides,” he said. “I’ve never seen the entire process like that.”

As they traveled across the territory, ptarmigan dotted the landscape. “Anderson looked over to me and said, ‘You know we hunt those.’ Then a little later he asked, ‘You wanna go hunting?’”

Drezus had never hunted before. “I didn’t have that growing up. I didn’t have that kind of guidance to bring me out on the land and have those experiences.”

And it wasn’t just learning to hunt, but reclaiming something missing in his life. “There were little kids out there with us – 10-year-olds shooting already. So, when I got one, it made me feel like a kid. Here I was, finally learning to shoot birds and get around on the land.”

From snowshoeing to eating caribou cooked over an open fire, Drezus described the experience as something he wishes more Indigenous youth, especially those in urban settings, could connect with.

“I’m still coming down from the experience – so many emotions, so much love, and a bittersweet feeling now that it’s over. But we know the work doesn’t stop here.”

Music has always been his way of expressing himself, and hip-hop gave him a platform to tell his story. “Music runs in the family,” Drezus insisted. “My dad played in a country band, and my cousins play guitar. That creative side is in our blood.”

Hip-hop was a discovery that became a tool of resistance and self-expression.

STAYING CONNECTED

“One thing that really stuck out to me with hip-hop were the beats, and the freedom of expression. A lot of hip-hop artists were talking about who they were, where they came from. That expressive freedom really resonated with me. I felt like I wanted that voice to let people know who I was.”

Hip-hop became more than just music. It was a form of education, a means of self-discovery. “Hip-hop became my mode of expression, my history class, my library, my life story.”

Now, more than ever, Drezus believes Indigenous voices are heard and valued in creative industries. “Indigenous people have such unique stories – stories that the world is literally They’re hungry for Indigenous torytelling – in all forms, not just in hiphop music.”

For those who hesitate, Drezus has one message.

“They feel like their stories, or their voices aren’t important. But the only thing holding us back are ourselves. The world needs truth, more truth-tellers. And with moments like these –shared within community and across ages – I feel we’re heading to a good place.”

Showing Their Potential

Quebec

Indigenous Science Fair fosters scientific innovation

by Patrick Quinn, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

The Quebec Indigenous Science Fair (QISF) brought 80 students from 21 Indigenous communities to the Cree and Inuit communities of Whapmagoostui and Kuujjuaraapik March 18-20, an event co-hosted by the Cree School Board and Kativik Ilisarniliriniq.

This year marked the event’s 25th anniversary, which has been organized by the Quebec Aboriginal Science and Engineering Association (QASEA) since 1998. The science competition aims to foster innovation and scientific interest among Indigenous youth while promoting public speaking.

“I am really impressed by the quality of the projects,” said QASEA president Marc Lalande. “We see more and more projects related to culture and history. Students are proud to talk about their Elders’ knowledge. We need visibility for the good things happening in communities.”

Each school in Quebec’s First Nations or Inuit communities can register one team to advance from their local science fairs in five age categories ranging from Grade 5 to Secondary 5. Up to four grand winners from the QISF are chosen to move on to the Canada-Wide Science Fair, which will bring about 500 students from across the country to Fredericton at the end of May.

One of this year’s QISF winners, 13-year-old Ashton André Gauthier from the Naskapi community of Kawawachikamach, won second prize at last year’s national event. His current project was inspired by a report

that poorly managed landfills have been traced to cancer in Indigenous community members.

“We took soil samples from the Schefferville landfill and by the local lake,” explained Gauthier. “Doing preliminary pH tests with water strips, we found more traces of heavy metals in the landfill’s soil and snow samples. When they burn tires in the summertime, you can smell the smoke on the wind.”

Errol Mianscum and Mark Petawabano, Secondary 3 students from Voyageur Memorial High School in Mistissini, were also selected to advance to the Canada-Wide Science Fair for their project called “Niibii: The Source of Life”. They found water sourced from Mianscum’s family trapline compared favourably to commercial water bottles.

“Out of all six samples, the cleanest was the water from Errol’s camp,” Petawabano told the Nation. “We had testing strips for various metals, minerals and gases. Kirkland water had above the limit of alkalinity – it showed how contaminated it is compared to our sources.”

The Cree students were proud to validate the assertion by Elders that water from some local lakes can be safely

consumed without filtering. Before taking their project to New Brunswick, they plan to practice their presentation skills and may conduct more tests of bottled and lake water.

“Lots of places have clean water; you just have to know where to find it,” Petawabano said.

Through their project, the pair hopes more people will be encouraged to seek fresh water from local sources.

“Errol and Mark’s project was really evidence that traditional knowledge complements western scientific concepts,” said Cree School Board chairperson Sarah Pash. “They brought traditional knowledge about water that has been important to their families for generations into their project and produced really great results.”

Master of Ceremony Matt Iserhoff congratulated participants on their ability to take a fresh look at the science behind Indigenous knowledge. The other grand prize winner was Kawawachikamach’s Aiden-James Einish for his project analyzing Labrador tea’s anti-inflammatory power in arthritis management.

Ouje-Bougoumou’s Raylene and Kaylene Martinhunter won the Université du Québec Scientific Development Special Award, a commu-

nity prize that supports scientific knowledge benefiting the entire student population of Waapihtiiwewan School.

Chisasibi student Henry Grimstead won first prize in the Grade 6 category for his project called “Exoplanets: The Search for New Worlds”. He searched for planets outside our solar system using NASA transit photometry software. Exoplanet detection has intensified interest in the search for extraterrestrial life.

“I found two possible exoplanets, the closest one is four light years away,” said Grimstead. “When there’s a light curve there could be a planet present. The curves weren’t that big, so they could be medium-sized or small.”

Among the other Cree entries were volcano projects from Nathania Brown and Piper Kawapit, Gilbert Swallow and Junayshia Voyageur’s chess project, Rory Henry-Felstead and Andrew Kitchen’s analysis of fires, and Nathaneal Brown’s study of the impacts of climate change on Arctic fox migration patterns.

“Hands-on science projects offer a powerful learning experience, allowing students to engage with Indigenous knowledge and recognize it as science,” stated CSB director general Caroline Mark. “I hope this process inspires our youth to explore their passion for science and pursue it further.”

The science fair was also an opportunity to explore the Cree and Inuit cultures of the host communities. Along with sports, crafting and

movie activities, participants stood on the frozen Hudson Bay, tasted Arctic char and caribou, and watched the northern lights.

The closing ceremony featured Cree and Inuit traditional music, including throat singers, Inuit drumming and local fiddlers, while highlighting cultural innovations like the qulliq oil lamp. Pash noted that Indigenous people have always been scientists and researchers.

“We have our own technologies, medicines and knowledge that have been developed over generations of observation, innovation and experimentation,” said Pash. “It is wonderful to see our young scientists knowing they can empower themselves with their identity. Looking into culture for inspiration and strength is so important.”

With growing regional needs in health care, water planning and other science-based industries, the school board has expanded programming in coding, robotics and experimentation. Additional exam preparation support and higher-level math and science courses are encouraging more students to pursue specialized postsecondary programs.

“The provincial science fair allows our children a safe, nurturing and supportive opportunity to express themselves and get out of their comfort zones to share something that’s important to them,” Pash said. “It gives our children the opportunity to show their potential.”

Call for Interest

Customary Adoption/Guardianship in Eeyou Istchee

Start date - Immediate

Safe havens

Fifty years after different groups of feminist trailblazers started Canada’s first women’s shelters across the country, there are growing resources to aid Indigenous women fleeing domestic violence.

Operating since 1987, the Native Women’s Shelter of Montreal (NWSM) has evolved to offer in-house and outreach programs that address challenges faced by the urban Indigenous population. With a constant waiting list, it is seeking funding and expertise to renovate its building near Cabot Square.

“We want to stay in this building, but we just need to spruce it up,” explained NWSM executive director Na’kuset. “We need other Indigenous organizations to support people exactly how they are. We’re not necessarily able to support people with addiction issues because we have to be sober.”

It recently opened the Miyoskamin (Cree for “spring” or “groundbreaking”) second-stage housing program, with 23 subsidized and fully furnished units that support women’s transitions to independent living. Eligible participants must commit to working on a tailored empowerment plan that includes enrolling in an educational or vocational program.

“It’s not just putting a woman in an apartment and ‘good luck with that’,” said Na’kuset. “We’re giving them the opportunity to find their niche and have workers support them getting from A to B. It’s growing exponentially – the apartments are gorgeous.”

Besides offering housing for three to five years, Miyoskamin hosts the Saralikitaaq social pediatric centre along with group workshops, legal services and personalized support for mental health and employment.

The NWSM continues to introduce innovative programs. A new partnership with a local hotel offers emergency refuge for victims of human trafficking. Domestic violence often drives

Cree and urban women’s shelters expand transitional services

by Patrick Quinn, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

Indigenous women to seek new lives in the city, but a growing availability of resources helps them to stay close to their culture and communities.

“We had some incidents of domestic violence that led to the death of women and children,” said Virginia Wabano, a Cree Health Board director who helped spearhead the shelters. “That was a big eye-opener for having women’s shelters within our territory.”

In 2017, an 18-bed Robin’s Nest shelter opened in Waswanipi, offering counselling, healing programs and 24-hour crisis management services. A second Robin’s Nest opened the following year in Waskaganish.

Cree beneficiaries can stay at the shelters for up to three months, after which a review determines whether a longer stay is warranted. Between 2018 and 2023, nearly 300 women and 214 children stayed at these shelters.

“We had an increase of intake during Covid,” shared Wabano. “It’s our hope they do come to the shelters when they need that safe space. In the end, they’re safe and healthy and happy with where they’re at in their life.”

The shelters are exclusively for women experiencing or at risk of domestic violence; those facing homelessness or family conflict are referred to appropriate resources. Although they’re intended for women over 18, the health board is currently working with the youth protection department to clarify accessibility for eligible 16- and 17-year-olds.

Upon arrival, women are given a three-day rest before defining their “vision quest” of goals they wish to achieve. Residents are offered trauma counselling, drug and alcohol rehabilitation, and reconciliation therapy for relationships.

“The shelter is a safe haven for them to gather their thoughts, think about what they would like to do and how

they would like to get there,” Wabano explained. “Maybe they’re ashamed of what may have happened – there is stigma sometimes when you seek help.”

Morning check-ins like a sharing circle are accompanied by frequent traditional activity workshops like beading, sewing, cooking, painting or berry-picking. Elders provide hands-on lessons in traditional teachings and may lead counselling or smudging sessions.

“We offer childcare service during their programming,” said Deborah Cheezo, team leader of the Waskaganish Robin’s Nest. “They also have a family room where they can watch TV. Some of them register their children for school here. We do the travel arrangements.”

Options are available to help women rebuild their relationships or return to their family home and work life. Robin’s Nest will also connect their partners to services. When they’re discharged, staff work with the women on safety planning and follow-up with risk assessments.

Cheezo was part of a community tour last summer, highlighting the program’s services to make its mandate more visible. She shared success stories, such as one woman who arrived in distress from violence and substance addictions. Her experience helped her get her children back and stay off drugs and alcohol. Another woman achieved a university degree and is now working full-time.

“This person was really shy and would never open up to anyone,” Cheezo said. “She would tell us it was from coming here that helped her come out from where she was before. We used to have calls from her wanting to come by and feel the energy again.”

The Robin’s Nest 24/7 toll-free crisis line is 1-855-753-2094.

Still waiting

First Nations Clean Water Act dies on order paper after federal election called

by Natalia Fedosieieva

The federal election called March 23 by newly minted Prime Minister Mark Carney has doomed legislation that would have guaranteed access to clean water for First Nations.

Bill C-61’s collapse is particularly disappointing to members of the Six Nations of the Grand River in southwestern Ontario. It leaves over 70% of residents without legislated access to safe drinking water.

After Parliament was dissolved for the April 28 election, all bills that failed to receive royal assent – including Bill C-61, the First Nations Clean Water Act – were wiped from the legislative agenda. The bill will need to be reintroduced once a new government is sworn in, but its future is uncertain.

Mike Morrice, Green Party MP for Kitchener Centre – which includes the Six Nations community – fought for amendments to strengthen the bill and is disappointed by its demise.

“The federal government promised to end all boil-water advisories, and that’s a promise they haven’t followed through on,” Morrice said.

Morrice proposed amendments that would have strengthened the federal government’s accountability, moving beyond vague “best efforts” to ensure legal obligations and enforceable water standards. However, his proposals were rejected.

“Unfortunately, the amendments I put forward were not accepted,” Morrice continued. “Of course, the legislation died on the order paper because of the election.”

Despite the bill’s imperfections, Morrice viewed it as a critical step toward addressing the long-standing human rights violation of denying First Nations access to safe drinking water.

In his opinion, the situation at the Six Nations reserve is unacceptable. Many residents still rely on bottled water or face ongoing boil-water advisories. Despite years of government promises, little has changed.

“I believe that every person in Canada deserves access to clean drinking water, but people in First Nations communities in Canada

still cannot turn on the tap and access clean water,” Morrice said.

He pointed out that funding is an important component as well.

“The parliamentary budget officer has done a number of reports that show the gap in funding needs to be addressed in order to not just end boil-water advisories, but make sure that there are dollars for maintenance to ensure new ones don’t come up,” Morrice said.

Morrice remains hopeful, praising powerful testimony from First Nations chiefs during parliamentary hearings and pledged to continue pushing for stronger legislation.

“I reminded the committee of the importance of MPs to listen to and take up the calls of First Nations leaders,” he said. “I really appreciate the advocacy and leadership of First Nations after properly consulting them.”

Morrice believes that Parliament must prioritize Indigenous voices and collaborate across party lines to pass stronger water rights legislation.

The Liberal government blamed opposition parties for blocking what they call “a historic investment” in guaranteeing clean water rights.

Jennifer Kozelj, Press Secretary for Indigenous Services Minister Patty Hajdu, said that Conservatives and New Democrats halted the bill’s progress.

“During a critical moment to do what was right, NDP and Conservative MPs unfortunately blocked the bill from moving forward,” Kozelj said in a statement.

The Trudeau government managed to eliminate boil-water advisories in 147 Indigenous communities through water infrastructure investments. But many still lack clean water.

“While we’ve accomplished a lot together, it comes as no surprise when we say that more work needs to be done,” Kozelj acknowledged.

She emphasized that “the progress is met with resistance” from the Conservatives.

“Now is not the time to stop, it’s the time to build,” Kozelj said. “Conservative politicians are stuck in reverse – divisiveness and cruelty will get us nowhere.”

The Liberal government blamed opposition parties for blocking what they call “a historic investment” in guaranteeing clean water rights

HGOOSE BREAK FIRE SAFETY FOR YOUR HOME

GOOSE BREAK FIRE SAFETY FOR YOUR HOME

GOOSE BREAK FIRE SAFETY FOR

YOUR HOME

Goose break is around the corner, and you are preparing to go out to your camp with your family. You are packing up and are almost ready to leave the house for a week or so, and you are wondering, did I turn oﬀ everything that doesn’t need to be on while we are away?

ere’s another edition of ’s puzzle page. Try your hand at Sudoku or Str8ts or our Crossword, or better yet, solve all three and send us a photo!* As always, the answers from last issue are here for you to check your work. Happy hunting.

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GOOSE BREAK FIRE SAFETY FOR YOUR HOME

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GOOSE BREAK FIRE SAFETY FOR YOUR HOME

Hmmm, what about the heaters? Are they at a minimum setting? Well, there are things you can do before you leave your house for Goose Break. Below is a list of items that can help you identify what to look out for before you go.

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Goose break is around the corner, and you camp with your family. You are packing up the house for a week or so, and you are wondering, that doesn’t need to be on while we are away?

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● Were there any electrical problems that you have noticed; a frayed wire, an electrical appliance not working properly, etc. If you are not entirely sure call an electrician or call the company that you purchased the item from, some appliances are recalled for ﬁre risk.

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● The baseboard heaters contact with the heater? almost started were heating coils produce smolder for hours. start a ﬁre.

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● Smoke alarms – a simple few seconds to push on the smoke alarm test if your smoke alarm is working. If not call the owner, landlord, or if you homeowner, you can install one yourself. When people are away from their ﬁre departments sometimes receive calls from neighbors or people passing the smoke alarm was sounding in a home and ﬁre department members to investigate.

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TFaceoff in Whapmagoostui

by Sonny Orr

GOOSE BREAK FIRE SAFETY FOR YOUR HOME

he referee’s whistle blows the play dead for an offside and the crowd chants to the DJ’s 15-second song before the puck drops for another faceoff. The crowd is now silent as the puck gets passed around and sent down the rink as the lineup changes for fresh players.

GOOSE BREAK FIRE SAFETY FOR YOUR HOME

The whistle blows again as the puck clears the rink several metres high. Another faceoff and this time the crowd cheers, then screams, as their favourite hard-hitting player is back giving all it’s worth in the opponent’s net.

We have to live for the moment and cherish it, until the next goal or penalty elicits the cheers or the roars of a dissatisfied crowd hellbent on bloodletting

the case today, when any construction plan now needs a parking space, using up limited space that was planned for more houses. So, now the convenience of owning a vehicle is inconvenienced by the ownership of your vehicle. Let that sink in.

around the corner, and you are preparing to go out to your family. You are packing up and are almost ready to leave week or so, and you are wondering, did I turn oﬀ everything to be on while we are away?

sporting attitude, there is no need for the emergency team and ambulance to get involved, much less the police.

Another whistle and faceoff and the DJ still somehow manages not to repeat a song during the tournament, now in its second day in Eeyou’s most northern community.

about the heaters? Are they at a minimum setting? Well, you can do before you leave your house for Goose Break. items that can help you identify what to look out for

As I live practically across the street from the arena, the need to search for a suitable parking spot is easy, as the area around the arena fills up rapidly. I think to myself, who would have thought that just about everyone would own a vehicle and that vehicle would actually need its own space.

As I walk to the arena, feeling good about the convenience of owning two perfectly good feet (after being repaired a few times by a physiotherapist who used extensive electro therapy on me, hence my frizzy hair look) and waltzing in for free using my special old man status card, and getting a seat with a back on it right by the goalie net, suited me just fine. I could even slip back home to use my own clean toilet, whenever the need.

heaters – are there any items that are too close that can come into heater? Most incidents where we’ve seen ﬁres that started or were when materials were found inside the heating coils. These produce a lot of heat, at least 30 degree temperatures, and items can hours. They can eventually ignite an item to its ignition point and thus,

Back in the day, the amount of space in what should have been called a parking space, let’s say beside the store, could be occupied by at least four ATVs and parked just about anywhere.

The games continue, and then finally, late in the evening, the tournament ends. The winners are ecstatic with their huge money windfall while the runners-up have to contend with half that amount. In the end, there really aren’t too many losers to gloat over. As a family, we end up happily tired and fall asleep immediately afterwards. For the winners and losers, well… that’s another story.

Today, you need to wrestle for space to get close enough to the store just because, back then, no one thought that a time would come when your vehicle would require more space than a human. Such is

The crowd cheers, bringing me back from my cozy little world to another whistle blowing and an actual goal. For a few seconds, I wait for the instant replay but then remember that this is a live game and there is no rewatching that scene. We have to live for the moment and cherish it, until the next goal or penalty elicits the cheers or the roars of a dissatisfied crowd hellbent on bloodletting. Since the game is supposedly played with a good

electrical problems that you have noticed; a frayed wire, an appliance not working properly, etc. If you are not entirely sure call an call the company that you purchased the item from, some appliances ﬁre risk.

a simple few seconds to push on the smoke alarm test can tell you alarm is working. If not call the owner, landlord, or if you are a can install one yourself. When people are away from their home sometimes receive calls from neighbors or people passing by that was sounding in a home and ﬁre department members are called

also activate smoke alarms, you can leave some heaters to a while you are away, but make sure there is nothing nearby or in heater when it is on.

For me, it’s all good, as I enjoyed the time with the community, the convenience of living nearby, the old friends who I hadn’t seen in years (and who really look old) and for those youth who I don’t recognize, but probably know your grandparents, you put on a good show!

There was even an old dude from further north, who faced a barrage of pucks as a goaltender, which goes to show that age is just a number and life is just life, so live it well. As for me, I just had a physical inspection and I’m good for another five years before the next confirmation that I am still alive.

The Hudson’s Bay Company is on its way to being lost to the history books. In March, the company filed for creditor protection, which forced it to liquidate all its outlets across the country except for six key stores in major cities –including the historic flagship location on Yonge Street in downtown Toronto.

As an Indigenous person who grew up in the shadow of this all-consuming company in my community of Attawapiskat, I am happy to see it disappear from the landscape. To many Canadians, the HBC conjures up nostalgic images of Hudson’s Bay blankets, Canadian store fronts and an historic name that occupied the history of Canada since before the country was even founded. My people only saw this company as a black hole that drained any wealth we may have had in the North.

The Bay was founded in 1670 as a trading company monopoly to gather valuable furs from Indigenous people over an expansive territory. Incorporated under a royal charter by King Charles II of England, it grew enormously wealthy by buying furs from Indigenous people for a pittance and then selling them in Europe at a huge mark up.

The company’s first trading post was founded in 1668 at Rupert House, which is today known as Waskaganish. Later came Moose Factory in 1673 and Fort Albany in 1679. From the start, the James Bay Cree were the first to be exploited by this company.

My ancestors harvested furs from the land, which was a monumental challenge that required years of training, skill and knowledge to find the animals, harvest them and carefully process their pelts. It would take months to gather enough furs to trade for small amounts of flour, lard, sugar and tea, along with blankets, clothing and metal tools. It took loads more furs to trade for a firearm.

I grew up watching my parents deal with the local HBC trading post in our community. In the early 1980s, I watched dad trade the last of his furs with the HBC. I can still remember entering that store

Under the Northern Sky

Bye Bye Bay

by Xavier Kataquapit

and walking towards the rear to the manager’s desk which sat on a raised platform inside a booth. Dad would have to talk through a small divider window to negotiate a price for the furs with the manager.

Even as a child, I knew it was difficult for my father because English was his second language. It wasn’t easy for him to deal with a fast-talking highly trained salesman about how much a set of furs should cost. A staircase led up to the entry of the platform and a second set was for the exit. Every time I went there with my parents, there was always a line of trappers waiting their turn along with women coming to negotiate their debts with the only company in town.

When I think of it now, there was incredible wealth extracted from our communities and our people from the imbalanced fur trade and from the monopoly of having the only grocery and supply store in town. People always seemed to be in debt to Hudson’s Bay.

The company store in Attawapiskat transitioned to The North West Company in the early 1990s. Furs were no longer traded but the monopoly on food, hardware items and supplies remained.

Even though other, smaller grocery stores developed over the years, the North West Company store was the main grocer for the community. I am proud of

my family members who recently opened a grocery, convenience store and gas station for the people of Attawapiskat.

The fading of HBC reminds me of the lesson that my Elders always taught us about how to see the land, the people and life in general. No matter what business or development may take place on Indigenous lands, companies don’t last and projects don’t endure forever. The only thing that stays constant is the land, the waterways, the creatures and the people who live there.

Our experience with De Beers diamond mine has been a bittersweet experience for Attawapiskat. This is the reason why many Indigenous leaders want to tread carefully on any development proposed in the Ring of Fire scheme in northwestern Ontario.

They know that any developer that starts work there will only last years, perhaps decades – maybe even a century or two like the Hudson’s Bay Company. But in the end, these businesses disappear and the only ones left are the people who have to deal with the aftermath. Companies come and go, but Mother Earth will always be there and we have to take care of her.

20-year-old John Mercier

Kataquapit family photo from the 1940s with Chief James Kataquapit, standing with a hat and pin signifying his leadership and his wife Janie Kataquapit standing in back at the door. Chief Kataquapit was also a veteran of the First World War. From L-R: Thomas, Marius, Celine, David, Gabriel and Alex. Missing are brothers George and Leo.