Mass Shooter / Modern Sport

COLUMBINE

MODERN SPORT

PARKLAND

MODERN SPORT

MASS SHOOTER

MODERN SPORT

text and design by N AT H A N YO U N G

Rhode Island School of Design Graphic Design M.F. A. Program Providence, Rhode Island

Copyright © 2018 by Nathan Young Rights reserved.

Rhode Island School of Design 2 College Street Providence, RI 02903 risd.edu Ordering Information: For details, contact Nathan directly: (303) 881–1969 @nathanwyoung nathanyoung.design Printed in the United States of America First Edition 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 NWY 22 21 20 19 18

for victims of gun violence, and dedicated to lawmakers from every town, everywhere

RE-INTRODUCTION

The credo,“guns don’t kill people, people kill people” is ubiquitous.

With one bumper-sticker argument, gun advocates ingenuously removed firearms, the tactile, designed objects, from the gun control debate.

Since, advocates have had much success by sticking to their guns, purporting that they are a morally-agnostic tool. Any tool, they argue, can be abused.

If a government prohibits the sale of a firearm (any firearm) — what’s next?

Shall we also outlaw hammers? Automobiles?

The holes in this logic are .950 caliber, especially when confronted with the outstanding lethality of the AR-15-style assault rifle.1 Whether directly fashioned after weapons of war or a product of convergent evolution in the civilian market that achieves the same end, these weapons fire bullets at 3,250 feet per second — two and a half times faster than a 9-mm handgun, and nearly three times the speed of sound. Instead of cutting through human tissue in a clean, straight line, bullets at this speed displace the matter around them like a shock wave. Exit wounds can be the size of an orange.2 The engineering term for this displacement is “cavitation.”

If a bullet from a 9-mm handgun passes through the torso and nearly misses the aorta, the wound is survivable (provided the victim receives care quickly.) A bullet from an AR-15-style rifle need only to strike in the vicinity of the aorta and the cavitation shock wave pulverizes the artery beyond repair.2 Worse, assault rifles are semi-automatic, dispatching bullets as quickly as one can pull the trigger; about 2 to 3 times per second. An average shooter can easily empty an AR-15 magazine, 30 rounds, in 15 seconds, every one of them supersonic.

In the intervening years since the Columbine massacre in 1999, a new narrative has become painfully ubiquitous — that of the “mass shooter,” killing as many of their fellow Americans as they can.

Mass Shooter / Modern Sport seeks to question if the shooter’s chosen “tool” (or indeed, any tool) is morally-agnostic; reclaiming these designed objects from abstract argument and reinstating them in shared space, at 1:1 scale.

1 Gun branding is, like most commercial products, reverent to the industry’s history.

“AR” comes from “Armalite Rifle,” so-named for the inventor of the gun, Armalite, who developed the weapon in 1956 and promoted its design to military and civilian markets.

The convention is still used today, regardless of manufacturer. To the unfamiliar, it is easy to translate “AR” to “assault rifle,” much to the consternation of gun advocates.

They prefer their mirthfully re-branded term, “modern sporting rifle,” even as they continue to advertise guns with variations of “AR” and the number “15” in their names.

2 Sher, Heather. “What I Saw Treating the Victims From Parkland Should Change the Debate on Guns.” The Atlantic, Atlantic Media Company, 22 Feb. 2018, www.theatlantic.com / politics / archive / 2018 / 02 / what-i-saw-treating-the-victims-from-parkland-should-change-the-debate-on-guns / 553937 /

AN EXHIBIT IN PRINT

This is a catalogue for an exhibit that has not yet happened.

Modern Sport, the exhibit, is a speculative endeavor. The show did go up long enough to take photographs, thanks to the generousity of Access Gallery in Denver, CO, and especially to their executive director Damon Y. McLeese.

I enthusiastically encourage you to support the gallery and their mission.

Find more about them at accessgallery.org.

The printed publication you hold in your hands serves as both the catalogue for the exhibition, and as an exhibition in itself. The nature of this book ensures that every object in the exhibit is reproduced here in 1:1 scale.

While the experience of each exhibit — one architectural, one sequential — differs considerably, I hope your empathetic response is the same.

— Nathan Young, designer / curator

EVENTS

TUESDAY, APRIL 20, 1999

Columbine High School Littleton, Colo.

13 people were killed and 24 more were wounded.

Weapons;

9-mm Intratec DC-9 semi-automatic handgun 9-mm Hi-Point 995 semi-automatic carbine rifle 12-gauge sawed-off Savage Stevens 311D shotgun 12-gauge sawed-off Savage Springfield 67H pump-action shotgun

Rounds fired;

37 12-gauge shotshells 151 9-mm rounds

4 / 2 0 / 1 9 9 9

Columbine High School — Littleton, Colo.

37 12-gauge shotshells 151 9-mm rounds

BRIAN ANDERSON

PAT R I C I A ‘ PAT T I ’ N I E L S O N

STEPHANIE MUNSON

J E N N I F E R D OY L E

VA L E E N S C H N U R R

MAKAI HALL

S T E P H E N ‘A U S T I N ’ E U B A N K S

ADAM KYLER

LANCE KIRKLIN

MICHAEL JOHNSON

WOUNDED

J E A N N A PA R K

LISA KREUTZ

R I C H A R D C A S TA L D O

A N N E M A R I E H O C H H A LT E R

M A R K TAY LO R

NICOLE NOWLEN

J OYC E JA N KOWS K I

KACEY RUEGSEGGER

DA N I E L ST E E P L E TO N

PAT R I C K I R E L A N D

M A R K K I N TG E N

E VA N TO D D

S E A N G R AV E S

N I C H O L AS ‘N I C K’ FOSS

Columbine High School — Littleton, Colo. 4 / 2 0 / 1 9 9 9

CO R EY D E P O OT E R, 17

ISAIAH SHOELS, 18

DANIEL ROHRBOUGH, 15

M AT T K E C H T E R , 1 6

KILLED

S T E V E C U R N O W, 1 4

CASSIE BERNALL, 17

DANIEL MAUSER, 15

R A C H E L S C O T T, 1 7

K E L LY F L E M I N G , 1 6

4 / 2 0 / 1 9 9 9

Columbine High School — Littleton, Colo.

J O H N TO M L I N, 16

K I L L E D (C O N T ’ D)

L AU R E N TOW N S E N D, 18

C O A C H D AV E S A N D E R S , 47

KYLE VELASQUEZ, 16

Columbine High School — Littleton, Colo. 4 / 2 0 / 1 9 9 9

SATURDAY, MARCH 25, 2006

Capitol Hill Neighborhood Seattle,Wash.

7 people were killed and 2 more were wounded.

Weapons;

.40-caliber Ruger semi-automatic handgun unspecified semi-automatic handgun Bushmaster XM15 E2S AR-15-style semi-automatic rifle 12-gauge Winchester Defender pump-action shotgun with extended tube and pistol grip

The number of rounds fired in this attack has not been made available to the public

SUZANNE THORNE, 15

NEVER BEEN RELEASED

MELISSA MOORE, 14

J U ST I N “ S U S H I ” S C H WA RT Z , 22

T H E N A M E S O F T H E T W O W H O W E R E W O U N D E D H AV E

WOUNDED

JEREMY MARTIN, 26

C H R I STO P H E R “D E ACO N” W I L L I A M SO N, 21

J A S O N T R AV E R S , 3 2

KILLED

Seattle’s Capitol Hill Neighborhood — Seattle, Wash. 3 / 2 5 / 2 0 0 6

MONDAY, APRIL 16, 2007

Virginia Tech Blacksburg, Va.

32 people were killed and 23 more were wounded.

Weapons;

9-mm Glock 19 semi-automatic handgun .22-caliber Walther P22 semi-automatic handgun

Rounds fired;

~ 87 9-mm rounds ~ 87 .22-in rounds

4 / 1 6 / 2 0 0 7

Virginia Tech — Blacksburg, Va. ~ 87 9-mm rounds ~ 87 .22-in rounds

DEREK O’DELL

KEVIN STERNE

REMAIN ANONYMOUS

1 6 U N I D E N T I F I E D V I C T I M S T H AT W I S H TO

JAMAL CARVER

E M I LY H A A S

COLIN GODDARD

ALLISON COOK

KRISTINA ANDERSON

WOUNDED

M A T T H E W G W A LT N E Y, 2 4

RACHAEL HILL, 18

WA L E E D S H A A L A N , 32

REEMA SAMAHA, 18

J E R E M Y H E R B S T R I T T, 2 7

NICOLE WHITE, 20

LAUREN MCCAIN, 20

R O A N O K E PA R TA H I L U M B A N TO R U A N , 3 4

MAXINE TURNER, 22

HENRY LEE, 20

M AT T H E W L A P O R T E , 2 0

MARY KAREN READ, 19

ERIN PETERSON, 18

JULIA PRYDE, 23

Virginia Tech — Blacksburg, Va. 4 / 1 6 / 2 0 0 7

E M I LY H I L S C H E R , 1 9

D A N I E L P E R E Z C U E VA , 2 1

JARRETT LANE, 22

MICHAEL POHLE JR., 23

DANIEL O’NEIL, 22

JUAN ORTIZ, 26

M I N A L PA N C H A L , 2 6

AU ST I N C LOY D, 18

CAITLIN HAMMAREN, 19

ROSS ALAMEDDINE, 20

G . V. L O G A N A T H A N , 5 3

R YA N C L A R K , 2 2

L I V I U L I B R E S C U, 76

LESLIE SHERMAN, 20

BRIAN BLUHM, 25

K E V I N G R A N ATA , 4 5

J O C E LY N E C O U T U R E - N O W A K , 4 9

J A M I E B I S H O P, 3 5

KILLED

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2009

Fort Hood U.S. Military Post (1) Fort Hood, Texas

13 people were killed and 32 more were wounded.

Weapons;

FN Five-seven semi-automatic handgun

Rounds fired; ~1 2 0 5.7-mm rounds

1 1 / 5 / 2 0 0 9

Fort Hood U.S. Military Post (1) — Fort Hood, Texas ~ 1 20 5.7-mm rounds

P R I VAT E N A J E E M . H U L L

S E R G E A N T A LV I N H O W A R D

S E R G E A N T N AT H A N H E W I T T

P R I VAT E A M B E R G A D L I N

P R I V A T E J O S E P H T. F O S T E R

P R I VAT E M I C K E N G N E H L

S TA F F S E R G E A N T C H A D D AV I S

S P E C I A L I S T J O H N PA G E L

S TA F F S E R G E A N T T H U A N N G U Y E N

S TA F F S E R G E A N T E R I C W I L L I A M S J A C K S O N

P R I V A T E J U S T I N T. J O H N S O N

S TA F F S E R G E A N T PA U L M A R T I N

S TA F F S E R G E A N T S H AW N N . M A N N I N G

M A J O R RA N DY ROY E R

S TA F F S E R G E A N T PAT R I C K Z E I G L E R

S TA F F S E R G E A N T A LO N Z O M . L U N S F O R D J R

C I V I L I A N P O L I C E S E R G E A N T K I M B E R LY M U N L E Y

S P E C I A L I S T G E O R G E O . S T R AT TO N , I I I

2ND LIEUTENANT BRANDY MASON

S P E C I A L I S T J O N AT H A N S I M S

S P E C I A L I S T D AY N A F E R G U S O N R O S C O E

C H I E F WA R R A N T O F F I C E R C H R I S TO P H E R H . R OYA L

SPECIALIST GRANT MOXON

S E R G E A N T M I G U E L A . VA L D I V I A

S P E C I A L I S T M AT T H E W D . C O O K E

S TA F F S E R G E A N T J OY C L A R K

C A P TA I N D O R OT H Y C A R S K A D O N

SPECIALIST ALAN CARROLL

S P EC I A L I ST LO G A N M. B U R N E T T

S P EC I A L I ST K E A RA BO N O TO R K E L SO N

S E R G E A N T PAT R I C K B L U E I I I

SPECIALIST JAMES ARMSTRONG

WOUNDED

Tucson “Congress on Your Corner” Meeting — Tucson, Ariz. 1 /8 / 2 0 1 1

C A P T A I N J O H N P. G A F F A N E Y, 5 6

P R I VAT E F I R S T C L A S S K H A M S E E X I O N G , 2 3

L I E U T E N A N T C O LO N E L J U A N I TA L . WA R M A N , 5 5

P R I VAT E F I R S T C L A S S F R A N C H E S K A V E L E Z , 2 1

C A P TA I N R U S S E L L G I L B E R T S E A G E R , 5 1

P R I VAT E F I R S T C L A S S M I C H A E L S . P E A R S O N , 2 2

P R I VAT E F I R S T C L A S S A A R O N T H O M A S N E M E L K A , 1 9

S TA F F S E R G E A N T A M Y S U E K R U E G E R , 2 9

S P E C I A L I S T J A S O N D E A N H U N T, 2 2

SPECIALIST FREDERICK GREENE, 29

S TA F F S E R G E A N T J U S T I N M I C H A E L D E C R O W, 3 2

M A J O R L I B A R D O E D U A R D O C A R AV E O , 5 2

MICHAEL GRANT CAHILL, 62

KILLED

SATURDAY, JANUARY 8, 2011

Tucson “Congress On Your Corner” Meeting Tucson, Ariz.

6 people were killed and 13, including the U.S. Representative for Arizona’s 8th district, Gabrielle Giffords, were wounded.

Weapons;

9-mm Glock 19 semi-automatic handgun

Rounds fired;

31 9-mm rounds

1 / 8 / 2 0 1 1

Tucson “Congress on Your Corner” Meeting — Tucson, Ariz.

31 9-mm rounds

SUSAN HILEMAN

R E P. G A B R I E L L E G I F F O R D S

JAMES FULLER

M AVA N E L L S TO D D A R D

PA M E L A S I M O N

MARY REED

GEORGE MORRIS

RANDY GARDNER

KENNETH DORUSHKA

RONALD BARBER

WOUNDED BILL BADGER

JAMES TUCKER

KENNETH VEEDER

GABRIEL “GABE” ZIMMERMAN, 30

JOHN ROLL, 63

D O R OT H Y “ D OT ” M O R R I S, 76

C H R I S T I N A -T A Y L O R G R E E N , 9

D O R WA N STO D DA R D, 76

PHYLLIS SCHNECK, 79

K I L L E D

Tucson “Congress on Your Corner” Meeting — Tucson, Ariz. 1 /8 / 2 0 1 1

FRIDAY, JULY 20, 2012

“ The Dark Knight Rises” Midnight Screening Aurora, Colo.

12 people were killed and 70 more were wounded.

Weapons;

12-gauge Remington 870 pump-action shotgun Two .40-caliber Glock semi-automatic handguns .223-caliber Smith & Wesson M&P15 AR-15-style semi-automatic rifle

Rounds fired;

6 12-gauge shotshells 5 .40-in rounds 65 .223-in rounds

WOUNDED

The Dark Knight Rises Midnight Screening — Aurora, Colo. 7/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 2

K E L LY L E W I S

A L L E E N YO U N G

K E L LY B O W E N

N AT H A N J U R A N E K

RICHELLE HILL

JASMINE KENNEDY

MARIA CARBONELL

E VA N M O R R I S O N

M U N I R A H G R A V E L LY

JOSHUA NOWLAN

R I TA P O L I N A

ST E P H E N BA RTO N

P R O D E O PAT R I A

JA M I SO N TO EWS

CARLI RICHARDS

A D A N AV I L A

D AV I D W I L L I A M S

EUGENE HAN

HAILEE HENSLEY

P I E R C E O ’ FA R R I L L

ASHLEY MOSER

M A R C U S W E AV E R

A M A N D A H E R N A N D E Z- M E N I J E

CAITLIN PEDDICORD

MICHAEL WHITE, JR.

CHRISTINA BLACHE

YO U S E F G H A R B I

TO N I B I L L A PA N D O

C H R I STO P H E R RA P OZA

C AT H E R I N E S T R E I B

JAMIE ROHRS

SA M A N T H A YOW L E R

ETHAN ROHRS

PETRA ANDERSON

D E N I S E T R AY N O M -A X E L R O D

JACQUELINE FRY

BONNIE POURCIAU

M C K AY L A H I C K S

GAGE HANKINS

JA N S E N YO U N G

DION ROSEBOROUGH

FA R R A H S O U D A N I

S T E FA N M OTO N

ZAC K A RY G O L D I TC H

A N G G I AT M O R A

E VA N FA R R I S V I C TO R N AVA

JARRELL BROOKS

LUCAS SMITH

CA R EY ROT T M A N

A L E JA N D RA CA R D O N A- L A M AS

H E AT H E R S N Y D E R

BRANDON AXELROD

R YA N L U M B A

J E N N I F E R AV I L A-A R R E D O N D O

K AT I E M E D L E Y

MARCUS KIZZAR

PAT R I C I A L E G A R R E TA

NICKELAS GALLUP

SHIRLEY CLARK

K I R S T I N D AV I S

B R E N TO N LO WA K

ALEX ESPINOZA

C O R B I N D AT E S

D AY B R A T H O M A S - K I Z Z A R

LO U I S D U RA N

LAUREN ELLIS

CRAIG ENLUND

CALEB MEDLEY

K AY L I N B A I L E Y

7 / 2 0 / 2 0 1 2

The Dark Knight Rises Midnight Screening — Aurora, Colo.

6 12-gauge shotshells 5 .40-in rounds 65 .223-in rounds

V E R O N I C A M O S E R - S U L L I VA N , 6

J E S S I C A G H AW I , 24

M I C AY L A M E D E K , 2 3

J O N AT H O N B L U N K , 2 6

A L E X S U L L I VA N , 2 7

A L E X A N D E R “A J ” B O I K , 1 8

A L E X A N D E R T E V E S , 24

JOHN LARIMER, 27

GORDON COWDEN, 51

KILLED

M AT T M C Q U I N N , 2 7

REBECCA WINGO, 32

JESSIE CHILDRESS, 29

The Dark Knight Rises Midnight Screening — Aurora, Colo. 7/ 2 0/ 2 0 1 2

FRIDAY, DECEMBER 14, 2012

Sandy Hook Elementary Newtown, Conn.

20 children and 6 adults were killed; 2 more people were wounded.

Weapons;

10mm Glock semi-automatic handgun 9-mm SIG Sauer P226 semi-automatic handgun .223 Bushmaster XM15-E2S semi-automatic rifle Izhmash Saiga-12 12-gauge semi-automatic shotgun Rounds fired;

1 54 .223-in rounds

1 2 / 1 4 / 2 0 1 2 Sandy Hook Elementary — Newtown, Conn.

1 54 .223-in rounds

DEBORAH PISANI

N ATA L I E H A M M O N D

WOUNDED

JESSE LEWIS, 6

DAW N H O C H S P R U N G , 47

LAUREN ROUSSEAU, 30

V I CTO R I A SOTO, 27

J A M E S M AT T I O L I , 6

R A C H E L D AV I N O , 2 9

J O S E P H I N E G A Y, 7

DANIEL BARDEN, 7

C H A S E KO WA L S K I , 7

D Y L A N H O C K L E Y, 6

JAC K P I N TO, 6

A L L I S O N W Y A T T, 6

CAROLINE PREVIDI, 6

MADELEINE HSU, 6

C AT H E R I N E H U B B A R D , 6

BENJAMIN WHEELER, 6

Sandy Hook Elementary — Newtown, Conn. 1 2 / 1 4 / 2 0 1 2

A N N E M A R I E M U R P H Y, 5 2

NANCY LANZA, 52

MARY SHERLACH, 56

A N A M A R Q U E Z- G R E E N E , 6

GRACE AUDREY MCDONNELL, 7

AV I E L L E R I C H M A N , 6

C H A R LOT T E BACO N, 6

E M I L I E PA R K E R , 6

NOAH POZNER, 6

OLIVIA ENGEL, 6

JESSICA REKOS, 6

KILLED

FRIDAY, JUNE 7, 2013

Santa Monica College and Santa Monica area, Calif.

6 people were killed and 3 more were wounded.

Weapons;

self-assembled .223-caliber semi-automatic assault rifle “black powder” handgun (likely antique) Rounds fired; ~1 00 .223-in rounds

6 / 7 / 2 0 1 3

Santa Monica College — Santa Monica, Calif. ~ 1 0 0 .223-in rounds

WOUNDED

THREE UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

CA R LOS F RA N CO, 68

MARCELA FRANCO, 26

C H R I STO P H E R Z AWA H R I , 24

KILLED

M A R G A R I TA G O M E Z , 6 8

S A M I R Z AWA H R I , 5 5

D E B R A LY N N F I N E , 5 0

Santa Monica College — Santa Monica, Calif. 6 / 7/ 2 0 1 3

WEDNESDAY, APRIL 2, 2014

Fort Hood U.S. Military Post (2) Fort Hood, Texas

3 people were killed and 12 more were wounded.

Weapons;

.45-caliber Smith & Wesson semi-automatic handgun Rounds fired;

34 .45-in rounds

WOUNDED

Fort Hood U.S. Military Post (2) — Fort Hood, Texas 4 / 2 / 2 0 1 4

M A J PAT R I C K M I L L E R

S G T. J O N A T H A N W E S T B R O O K

10 UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

4 / 2 / 2 0 1 4

Fort Hood U.S. Military Post (2) — Fort Hood, Texas 34 .45-in rounds

S G T T I M OT H Y W. O W E N S , 3 7

S T F S G T C A R L O S A . L A Z A N E Y- R O D R I G U E Z , 3 8

S G T. F I R S T C L A S S D A N I E L F E R G U S O N , 3 9

KILLED

Fort Hood U.S. Military Post (2) — Fort Hood, Texas 4 / 2 / 2 0 1 4

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 2015

Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church Charleston, S.C.

9 people were killed.

Weapons;

.45-caliber Glock (model 41, with 13-round capacity magazine) Rounds fired;

65 .45-in rounds

6 / 17 / 2 0 1 5

Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church — Charleston, S.C. 65 .45-in rounds

S H A RO N DA CO L E M A N-S I N G L E TO N, 46

CYNTHIA HURD, 54

R E V. C L E M E N T A P I N C K N E Y, 4 1

SUSIE JACKSON, 87

R E V E R E N D D R . D A N I E L S I M M O N S , S R , 74

KILLED

D E PAY N E M I D D L E TO N , 4 5

MIRA THOMPSON, 59

T Y WA N Z A S A N D E R S, 26

E T H E L L A N C E , 70

Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church — Charleston, S.C. 6 / 17/ 2 0 1 5

THURSDAY, JULY 16, 2015

Chattanooga Military Recruitment Center Chattanooga, Tenn.

5 people were killed and 2 more were wounded.

Weapons;

AK-47 semi-automatic rifle AR-15-style rifle and 30-round magazines 9-mm semi-automatic handgun

Rounds fired; ~100 .223-in rounds

7 / 1 6 / 2 0 1 5

Chattanooga Military Recruitment Center — Chattanooga, Tenn. ~ 100 .223-in rounds

OFFICER DENNIS PEDIGO

UNIDENTIFIED MARINE

WOUNDED

M A R I N E S G T C A R S O N H O L M Q U I S T, 2 7

M A R I N E G U N N E R Y S G T T H O M A S J . S U L L I VA N , 4 0

MARINE LANCE CPL SQUIRE SKIP WELLS, 21

N AV Y P E T T Y O F F I C E R 2 N D C L A S S R A N D A L L S M I T H , 2 6

M A R I N E S T A F F S G T D A V I D A . W Y A T T, 3 7

KILLED

Chattanooga Military Recruitment Center — Chattanooga, Tenn. 7/ 1 6 / 2 0 1 5

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 1, 2015

Umpqua Community College Roseburg, Ore.

9 people were killed and 9 more were wounded.

Weapons;

5 semi-automatic handguns and an AR-15-style rifle, including: 9 mm Glock semi-automatic handgun .40 caliber Smith & Wesson semi-automatic handgun .40 caliber Taurus semi-automatic handgun .556 caliber semi-automatic Del-Ton AR-15-style rifle

The number of rounds fired in this attack has not been made available to the public

CHRIS MINTZ

A N A S TA S I A B OY L A N

FOUR UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

AMBER MCMURTREY

CHEYEANNE FITZGERALD

JULIE WOODWORTH

WOUNDED

T R E V E N TAY LO R A N S PA C H , 2 0

L AW R E N C E L E V I N E , 67

LUCAS EIBEL, 18

K I M S A LT M A R S H D I E T Z , 5 9

QUINN GLEN COOPER, 18

REBECKA ANN CARNES, 18

JASON DALE JOHNSON, 33

LU C E RO A LCA RA Z, 19

KILLED

S A R E N A DAW N M O O R E , 4 4

Umpqua Community College — Roseburg, Ore. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 1 5

SATURDAY, OCTOBER 31, 2015

Colorado Springs Colo.

3 people were killed.

Weapons;

semi-automatic AR-15 style-rifle 9-mm semi-automatic handgun .357 “magnum� revolver Rounds fired;

~10 .223-in rounds

1 0 / 3 1 / 2 0 1 5

Colorado Springs — Colo. ~10 .223-in rounds

CHRISTINA ROSE BACCUS-GALLELA, 34

J E N N I F E R M I C H E L L E VA S Q U E Z , 4 2

ANDREW ALAN MYERS, 35

KILLED

Colorado Springs — Colo. 1 0/ 3 1 / 2 0 1 5

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 27, 2015

Planned Parenthood Clinic Colorado Springs, Colo.

3 people were killed and 9 more were wounded.

Weapons;

AK-47-style semi-automatic rifle and others. Authorities have not released further details.

The number of rounds fired in this attack has not been made available to the public

OZY LICANO

FIVE UNIDENTIFIED OFFICERS

THREE UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

WOUNDED

K E ’A R R E M . S T E W A R T, 2 9

J E N N I F E R M A R K O V S K Y, 3 6

O F F I C E R G A R R E T T S W A S E Y, 4 4

KILLED

Planned Parenthood Clinic — Colorado Springs, Colo. 1 1 / 2 7/ 2 0 1 5

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 2, 2015

San Bernardino Calif.

14 people were killed and 21 more were wounded.

Weapons;

DPMS A-15 semi-automatic AR-15-style rifle Smith & Wesson M&P15 semi-automatic AR-15-style rifle Two 9-mm semi-automatic handguns.

Rounds fired; 1 00 + .223-in rounds

1 2 / 2 / 2 0 1 5

San Bernardino — San Bernardino, Calif.

1 0 0 + .223-in rounds

13 UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

J U L I E S WA N N - PA E Z

KEVIN ORTIZ

JENNIFER STEVENS

PAT R I C K B A C C A R I

DENISE PERAZA

A M A N D A G A S PA R D

ANIES KONDOKER

OFFICER NICHOLAS KOAHOU

WOUNDED LARRY DANIEL KAUFMAN, 42

HARRY BOWMAN, 46

NICHOLAS THALASINOS, 52

M I C H A E L R AY M O N D W E T Z E L , 37

ROBERT ADAMS, 40

YVETTE VELASCO, 27

SHANNON JOHNSON, 45

B E N N E T T A B E T- B A D A L , 4 6

A U R O R A G O D O Y, 2 6

ISAAC AMANIOS, 60

DAMIAN MEINS, 58

KILLED

JUAN ESPINOZA, 50

TIN NGUYEN, 31

S I E R R A C L AY B O R N , 2 7

San Bernardino — San Bernardino, Calif. 1 2 / 2 / 2 0 1 5

SUNDAY, JUNE 12, 2016

Pulse Nightclub Orlando, Fla.

49 people were killed and 53 more were wounded.

Weapons;

Sig Sauer MCX rifle semi-automatic AR-15-style rifle Glock 17 9-mm semi-automatic handgun Rounds fired;

110 .223-in rounds

WOUNDED

Pulse Nightclub — Orlando, Fla. 6 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 6

22 UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

ANGEL SANTIAGO

A N S WA I B E N N E T T

M I G U E L L E I VA

AMANDA GRAU

LEONEL MELENDEZ

KALIESHA ANDINO

T I A R A PA R K E R

A N G E L CO LO N

J AV I E R N AVA C O R I A

PAT I E N C E C A R T E R

BRETT RIGAS

FELIPE MARRERO

BRANDON WOLF

J O S E “J U N I O R ” M A R T I N E Z

PA U L A B L A N C O

B R YA N LO P E Z

M A R I SSA D E LG A D O

BRAND WHITE

RODNEY SUMTER JR

L A U R A VA R G A S

WILLIAM BORGES

FRED JOHNSON

KEON CARTER

O F F I C E R M I C H A E L N A P O L I TA N O

JUAN JOSE CUFINO

ILKA REYES

JEFFREY RODRIGUEZ

NORMAN CASIANO

C H R I S L I T T L E S TA R

6 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 6

Pulse Nightclub — Orlando, Fla. 110 .223-in rounds

L E R OY VA L E N T I N F E R N A N D E Z , 2 5

J E A N CA R LOS M E N D E Z P E R E Z, 35

FRANKY JIMMY DEJESUS VELAZQUEZ, 50

G E R A L D O A . O R T I Z-J I M E N E Z , 2 5

T E V I N E U G E N E C R O S B Y, 2 5

LU I S DA N I E L W I L SO N-L EO N, 37

S H A N E E VA N TO M L I N S O N , 3 3

E D D I E JA M O L D ROY J U ST I C E, 30

E R I C I O R T I Z- R I V E R A , 3 6

LUIS S. VIELMA, 22

ANTHONY LUIS LAUREANODISLA, 25

DARRYL ROMAN BURT II, 29

G I L B E R T O R A M O N S I LV A M E N E N D E Z , 2 5

P A U L T E R R E L L H E N R Y, 4 1

J E R A L D A R T H U R W R I G H T, 3 1

A M A N D A A LV E A R , 2 5

JEAN C. NIVES RODRIGUEZ, 27

R O D O L F O AYA L A-AYA L A , 3 3

J O N AT H A N A N TO N I O C A M U Y V E G A , 24

X AV I E R E M M A N U E L S E R R A N O R O S A D O , 3 5

M E RC E D E Z M A R I SO L F LO R ES, 26

A K Y R A M O N E T M U R R A Y, 1 8

E D WA R D S OTO M AYO R J R , 3 4

KILLED

JUAN RAMON GUERRERO, 22

ALEJANDRO BARRIOS MARTINEZ, 21

S TA N L E Y A L M O D O VA R I I I , 2 3

OS CA R A A RAC E N A- M O N T E RO, 26

M I G U E L A N G E L H O N O R ATO , 3 0

K I M B E R LY K J M O R R I S , 3 7

S I M O N A D R I A N CA R R I L LO F E R N A N D E Z, 31

J O E L R AYO N PA N I A G U A , 3 2

J A S O N B E N J A M I N J O S A P H A T, 1 9

LUIS OMAR OCASIO-CAPO, 20

P E T E R O . G O N Z A L E Z- C R U Z , 2 2

M A RT I N B E N I T E Z TO R R ES, 33

Y I L M A R Y R O D R I G U E Z S U L I VA N , 24

BRENDA LEE MARQUEZ MCCOOL, 49

J U A N C H E V E Z- M A R T I N E Z , 2 5

FRANK HERNANDEZ, 27

A N G E L L . C A N D E L A R I O - PA D R O , 2 8

C H R I STO P H E R A N D R EW L E I N O N E N, 32

C H R I STO P H E R J O S E P H S A N F E L I Z , 24

ENRIQUE L. RIOS, JR., 25

J AV I E R J O R G E- R E Y E S , 4 0

D E O N K A D E I D R A D R AY TO N , 3 2

CORY JAMES CONNELL, 21

LUIS DANIEL CONDE, 39

J U A N P. R I V E R A V E L A Z Q U E Z , 3 7

A N TO N I O D AV O N B R O W N , 2 9

Pulse Nightclub — Orlando, Fla. 6 / 1 2 / 2 0 1 6

THURSDAY, JULY 7, 2016

Attack on Dallas Police Dallas, Texas

5 police officers were killed, 9 more were critically injured as well as 2 civilians.

Weapons;

Izhmash-Saiga 5.45mm (AK-style) semi-automatic rifle with large capacity magazines Glock 9-mm semi-automatic handgun .25-caliber semi-automatic handgun

The number of rounds fired in this attack has not been made available to the public

S H E TA M I A TAY LO R

C O R P O R A L B R YA N S H AW

UNIDENTIFIED MALE CIVILIAN

O F F I C E R G I O VA N N I W E L L S

OFFICER ELMAR CANNON

O F F I C E R J E S U S R E TA N A

O F F I C E R I VA N S A L D A N A

O F F I C E R J O RG E BA R R I E N TOS

OFFICER MISTY MCBRIDE

WOUNDED

OFFICER BRENT ALAN THOMPSON, 43

OFFICER MICHAEL LESLIE KROL, 40

O F F I C E R PAT R I C I O ( PAT R I C K ) E . Z A M A R R I PA , 3 2

S E N I O R CO R P O RA L LO R N E A H R E N S, 48

SERGEANT MICHAEL JOSEPH SMITH, 55

KILLED

Attack on Dallas Police — Dallas, Texas 7/ 7/ 2 0 1 6

SUNDAY, JULY 17, 2016

Attack on Baton Rouge Police Baton Rouge, La.

3 police officers were killed and 3 more were wounded.

Weapons;

IWI Tavor SAR 5.56 NATO caliber assault rifle; widely deployed in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and introduced to the U.S. civilian market in 2014 9-mm Springfield XD 9 semi-automatic handgun

The number of rounds fired in this attack has not been made available to the public

UNIDENTIFIED OFFICER

DEPUTY NICHOLAS TULLIER

DEPUTY BRUCE SIMMONS

WOUNDED

DEPUTY SHERIFF BRADFORD ALLEN GARAFOLA, 45

O F F I C E R M AT T H E W L A N E G E R A L D , 4 1

C O R P O R A L M O N T R E L L LY L E J A C K S O N , 3 2

KILLED

Attack on Baton Rouge Police — Baton Rouge, La. 7/ 17/ 2 0 1 6

FRIDAY, JANUARY 6, 2017

Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport Fort Lauderdale, Fla.

5 people were killed and 6 more were wounded.

Weapons;

Walther PPQ M2 9-mm semi-automatic handgun Rounds fired;

~15 9-mm rounds

1 / 6 / 2 0 17

Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport — Fort Lauderdale, Fla. ~15 9-mm rounds

THREE UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

KARI OEHME

STEVE TIMMONS

S R M A S T E R S G T C H R I S TO P H E R B P R AT H E R

WOUNDED

KILLED

M A RY LO U I S A M Z I B E L, 69

S H I R L EY T I M M O N S, 70

MICHAEL OEHME, 57

O L G A W O LT E R I N G , 8 4

TERRY ANDRES, 62

Fort Lauderdale–Hollywood International Airport — Fort Lauderdale, Fla. 1 /6 / 2 0 17

SUNDAY, OCTOBER 1, 2017

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival Las Vegas, Nev.

58 people were killed and 546 more were wounded.

Weapons;

23 firearms, mostly AR-15-style rifles; four Daniel Defense DDM4 rifles, three FN-15s and other rifles made by Sig Sauer, and an enormous cache of ammunition. The shooter’s arsenal included scopes and two rifles were outfitted with “bump stocks” for near-full automatic firing.

Rounds fired; 1 1 0 0 .223-in rounds

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 17

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 1 0 0 .223-in rounds

SEVEN UNIDENTIFIED FIREFIGHTERS

NICK ROBONE

12 UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

O F F I C E R C H A D S WA N S O N

STEVE TRESKES

JEFF STEFFENS

CHELSEA ROMO

ALEXANDRA PETTIS

A N G E L I CA SOTO

DEPUTY CHIEF BRUCE URE

WA N DA W E I N R E I C H

O LG A RA M I R E Z

STEPHEN VICELJA

J O N AT H A N S M I T H

AMANDA PETERSON

B O B B Y PA R K S

SHELBY PERRY

JEANINE RUGGIERO

OFFICER TYLER PETERSON

GEORGE SANCHEZ

THREE UNIDENTIFIED OFFICERS

A P R I L VA S Q U E Z

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 17

SGT BRAD POWERS

ARIEL ROMERO

N ATA L I E VA N D E R S TAY

AG E N T F R E D ROW BOT H A M

K R I S T I N A S TA P L E S

WOUNDED

K A R ESSA ROYC E

BILL ROBINSON JR

S AVA N N A H N I C O L E S A N C H E Z

KAREN SMERBER

R YA N S A R R A Z I N

ADDISON SHORT

ASHLEY QUIDOCHO

R A C H E L S H E P PA R D

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 17

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev.

ROSEMARIE TRAUTMAN MELANSON

PA I G E M E L A N S O N

R O C K Y PA L E R M O

W O U N D E D (C O N T ’ D)

JAN LAMBOURNE

RO B M C I N TOS H

SCOT T L E E

B R A D E N M AT E J K A

DETECTIVE CURTIS LEONI

MYKENZIE LANE

MIKE KORDICH

JEFFREY KOISHOR

ZACK MESKER

TO M M C I N TOS H

SHELDON MACK

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 17

OFFICER AARON MUNDHENKE

JESSICA MILAM

M AT T L E WA N

B I L LY B O B M A S O N

L I S A L E WA N

JASON MCMILLAN

OFFICER JOSEPH OWEN

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 17

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev.

DA N A E DAW N G I B B S

W O U N D E D (C O N T ’ D)

RY L I E G O LG A RT

K I M G E R VA I S

PA I G E G A S P E R

TINA FROST

ELLE GARGANO

JASON HAMMOND

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 17

T I F FA I N I H U I Z A R

N ATA L I E G R U M E T

STEVE KEYS

OFFICER MICHAEL GRACIA

A L I C I A J O H N STO N

LU CA I C LO D E A N

JIMMY GROVOM

M I C H A E L H E S S E LT O N

THOMAS GUNDERSON

LT D E R E K H A R P

B I L LY K I N G

C H R I S T I N A K I TC AT

ANDREW KAMPE

ANDREW GUDMONSON

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 17

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev.

JAKE ANDERSEN

CARMEN ALEGRIA

KRISTIN BABIK

GIANNA BACA

PHILIP AURICH

J ESS I P R ESTO N

ALEXIS ARIAS

JODY ANSELL

A R T H U R “A R T Y ” A N D R A D E J R

DUSTIN BURKHARDT

AUTUMN BIGNAMI

NIKKI BARTHAL

DONNY BARTHAL

JORDANNE BARR

MALINDA BAINBRIDGE

N ATA L I A B A C A

JOHN BLUMEYER

FRANK BIGNAMI

MIKE BLAIR

W O U N D E D (C O N T ’ D)

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 17

M E L I N D A “ M I A” B R O C K I E

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 17

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev.

C L I N T B U RTO N

W O U N D E D (C O N T ’ D)

CRAIG CUNNEEN S U M M E R C LY B U R N

OFFICER CASEY CLARKSON

ALLISON CRUTE

DEBBIE CUNNEEN

LEE DORCHAK

BOBBY EARDLEY

S AVA N N A C H A S C O

JEFF CHRISTERSON

MICHAELA CLARK

J O VA N N A M A R T I N E Z C A L Z A D I L L A S

ANGEL CARMONA

MIKE CASTER

JESUS CAMPOS

NICK CAMPBELL

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 17

CHRIS EYER

S A M A N T H A FA R A N D A

MELISSA FIERO

KURT FOWLER

A L E TC H E B E R

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 17

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev.

N EYSA TO N KS, 46

W I L L I A M “ B I L L” W O L F E J R , 4 2

SUSAN SMITH, 53

K U R T V O N T I L LO W, 5 5

KILLED

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 17

TA R A A N N R O E , 3 4

E R I C K S I LV A , 2 1

MICHELLE VO, 32

B R E T T S C H WA N B EC K , 6 1

B R E N N A N S T E W A R T, 3 0

D E R R I C K “ B O ” TAY LO R , 5 6

BAILEY SCHWEITZER, 20

JORDYN RIVERA, 21

CAMERON ROBINSON, 28

ROCIO GUILLEN ROCHA, 40

C H R I STO P H E R ROY BA L, 28

Q U I N TO N RO B B I N S, 20

L A U R A S H I P P, 5 0

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 17

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev.

S TA C E E E TC H E B E R , 5 0

BRIAN FRASER, 39

DANA GARDNER, 52

T H O M A S D AY J R , 5 5

A U S T I N D AV I S , 2 9

J A M E S S O N N Y M E LT O N , 2 9

CHRISTIANA DUARTE, 22

K E R I G A LV A N , 3 1

R A C H A E L PA R K E R , 3 3

A D R I A N M U R F I T T, 3 5

A U ST I N M E Y E R, 24

PAT R I C I A M E S TA S , 67

K I L L E D (C O N T ’ D)

J E N N I F E R PA R K S , 3 6

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 17

MELISSA RAMIREZ, 26

O F F I C E R C H A R L ESTO N H A RT F I E L D, 34

L I S A PAT T E R S O N , 4 6

LISA ROMERO MUNIZ, 48

C H R I STO P H E R H A Z E N CO M B, 44

JOHN PHIPPEN, 56

ANGELA ANGIE GOMEZ, 20

C A R LY K R I E B A U M , 3 3

C A R O LY N L E E “ C A R R I E ” P A R S O N S , 3 1

J E N N I F E R TO PA Z I R V I N E , 4 2

TERESA NICOL KIMURA, 38

J E S S I C A K LY M C H U K , 3 4

RHONDA LEROCQUE, 42

CALLA MARIE MEDIG, 28

KELSEY BRIANNE MEADOWS, 28

JORDAN MCILDOON, 23

V I CTO R L I N K, 55

1 0 / 1 / 2 0 17

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev.

CANDICE BOWERS, 40

ANDREA CASTILLA, 28

HANNAH AHLERS, 34

H E A T H E R W A R I N O A LV A R A D O , 3 5

K I L L E D (C O N T ’ D)

STEPHEN BERGER, 44

DENISE SALMON BURDITUS, 50

DENISE COHEN, 58

J A C K B E ATO N , 5 4

S A N D Y C A S E Y, 3 4

DORENE ANDERSON, 49

CARRIE BARNETTE, 34

Route 91 Harvest Music Festival — Las Vegas, Nev. 1 0/ 1 / 2 0 17

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 1, 2017

Thornton Walmart Thornton, Colo.

3 people were killed.

Weapons;

unspecified 9-mm semi-automatic handgun Rounds fired;

~30 9-mm rounds

1 1 / 1 / 2 0 17

Thornton Walmart — Thornton, Colo. ~30 9-mm rounds

V I C TO R VA S Q U E Z , 2 6

KILLED

PA M E L A M A R Q U E S , 5 2

CA R LOS M O R E N O, 66

Thornton Walmart — Thornton, Colo. 1 1 / 1 / 2 0 17

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 5, 2017

Texas First Baptist Church Sutherland Springs, Texas

26 people, including a mother and her unborn child, were killed and 20 more were wounded.

Weapons;

RUGER AR-556 AR-15-style rifle with at least 15 high-capacity magazines semi-automatic handguns Rounds fired;

450 .223-in rounds

1 1 / 5 / 2 0 17

Texas First Baptist Church — Sutherland Springs, Texas 450 .223-in rounds

WOUNDED

J O H N H O LCO M B E

BOB BRADEN

DEBBIE BRADEN

H A I L E Y M C N U LT Y

ZAC H A RY P OSTO N

JOAQUIN RAMIREZ

D AV I D C O L B AT H

FA R I D A B R O W N

Texas First Baptist Church — Sutherland Springs, Texas 1 1 / 5 / 2 0 17

KRIS WORKMAN

SEVEN UNIDENTIFIED VICTIMS

JULIE WORKMAN

RY L A N D WA R D

ROSA SOLIS

J A M E S M C N U LT Y

1 1 / 5 / 2 0 17

Texas First Baptist Church — Sutherland Springs, Texas

KILLED

P E G G Y LY N N W A R D E N , 5 6

A N N A B E L L E R E N A E P O M E R O Y, 1 4

T A R A E . M C N U LT Y, 3 3

KEITH ALLEN BRADEN, 62

RO B E RT SCOT T M A R S H A L L, 56

KAREN SUE MARSHALL, 56

Texas First Baptist Church — Sutherland Springs, Texas 1 1 / 5 / 2 0 17

HALEY KRUEGER, 16

THERESE SAGAN RODRIGUEZ, 66

S H A N I LO U I S E CO R R I G A N, 51

ROBERT MICHAEL CORRIGAN, 51

B R O O K E B R YA N N E WA R D , 5

J OA N N LO O K I N G B I L L WA R D, 3 0

LULA WOICINSKI WHITE, 71

SARA JOHNS JOHNSON, 68

DENNIS NEIL JOHNSON, SR. 77

MEGAN GAIL HILL, 9

G R E G O R Y LY N N H I L L , 1 3

E M I LY R O S E H I L L , 1 1

E M I LY G A R C I A , 7

RICARDO CARDONA RODRIGUEZ, 64

1 1 / 5 / 2 0 17

Texas First Baptist Church — Sutherland Springs, Texas

C R Y S TA L M A R I E H O LC O M B E * , 3 6

* C A R L I N B R I T E “ B I L LY B O B ” H O L C O M B E ( U N B O R N ) 0

J O H N B R YA N H O LC O M B E , 6 0

K A R L A P L A I N H O LCO M B E, 58

N OA H H O LCO M B E, 1

M A RC DA N I E L H O LCO M B E, 36

K I L L E D (C O N T ’ D)

Texas First Baptist Church — Sutherland Springs, Texas 1 1 / 5 / 2 0 17

WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 14, 2018

Stoneman Douglas High School Parkland, Fla.

14 students and 3 teachers were killed, 14 more were wounded.

Weapons;

Smith & Wesson M&P 15T AR-15-style semi-automatic rifle Rounds fired; 1 0 0 + .223-in rounds

WOUNDED

Stoneman Douglas High School — Parkland, Fla. 2 / 1 4 / 2 0 1 8

S A M A N T H A M AYO R

MARIAN KABACHENKO

S T A C E Y LY N N L I P P E L

KYLE LAMAN

G E N E S I S VA L E N T I N

K H E S H AVA M A N A G A P U R A M

BENJAMIN WIKANDER

ASHLEY BAEZ

MADELEINE WILFORD

ANTHONY BORGES

WILLIAM OLSON

ALEXANDER DWORET

SAMANTHA FUENTES

ISABEL CHEQUER

J U S T I N C O LT O N

2 / 1 4 / 2 0 1 8

Stoneman Douglas High School — Parkland, Fla. 10 0 + .223-in rounds

G I N A M O N T A LT O , 1 4

KILLED

H E L E N A R A M S A Y, 1 7

MEADOW POLLACK, 18

MARTIN DUQUE, 14

SCOT T B E I G E L, 35

A LY S S A A L H A D E F F, 1 4

C A R M E N S C H E N T R U P, 1 6

LU K E H OY E R, 15

ALEX SCHACHTER, 14

A A RO N F E I S, 37

CHRIS HIXON, 49

CA RA LO U G H RA N, 14

N I C H O L A S D W O R E T, 1 7

P E T E R WA N G , 1 5

A L A I N A P E T T Y, 1 4

JOAQUIN OLIVER, 17

JAIME GUTTENBERG, 14

Stoneman Douglas High School — Parkland, Fla. 2 / 1 4 / 2 0 1 8

SUNDAY, APRIL 22, 2018

Tennessee Waffle House Antioch, Tenn.

4 people were killed and 4 more were wounded.

Weapons;

unspecified AR-15-style rifle

The number of rounds fired in this attack has not been made available to the public

TA U R E A N C . S A N D E R L I N , 2 9

KILLED

S H A R I TA H E N D E R S O N

S H A N I TA WA G G O N E R

JA M E S S H AW J R

WOUNDED

Tennessee Waffle House — Antioch, Tenn. 4 / 2 2 / 2 0 1 8

DEEBONY GROVES, 21

JOE R. PEREZ, 20

A K I L A H D A S I LV A , 2 3

A F T E R WA R D

April 20, 2019 will mark the 20th anniversary of the Columbine High School shooting.

I was 15 years old, about to enter high school, and my father and stepmother lived 45 minutes away in Littleton, Colorado. When they were old enough, my brother and sister attended Columbine, where the shooting still lived on, infamous, throughout its halls.

At the time, and even into my siblings’ tenure there, it was unfathomable that anything like it could happen again. Alas, the “watershed moment” that became simply known as Columbine was followed by so many more, also made infamous by simple identifiers; Virgina Tech. Sandy Hook.

Fort Hood. San Bernadino. Orlando. Parkland. Clearly, and to our collective horror, none of them were watershed moments at all. Children have been born, grown into a promising young adulthood, and murdered by an AR-15style rifle— 20 years after Columbine.

The pain is immense, and the media spectacle turns the series of horrific events into a paralyzing blur. If murdered children and presidential tears are ineffective, how on earth do we continue the fight? One approach, while not a “silver bullet,” shows promise.

Gun manufacturers are not as faultless as they like to pretend, nor are they as invulnerable as they might seem. To see an AR-15 and its ammunition as products (deflating them from the sacred rite the NRA clings to with their cold, dying hands) is to imagine a world where market pressure can influence their continued sale and manufacture. Many gun manufacturers are traded on the New York Stock Exchange, and there have been considered efforts to divest, most notably from The Campaign to Unload. In lieu of decades of congressional inaction, divestment from citizens, governments and banks can force accountability from those that profit from this murderous cycle and demonstrate to lawmakers that there is support for reform.

As recently as May 2018, shareholders in Sturm Ruger, one of the largest firearms makers in the country, demanded that the company detail its plans to monitor violence associated with their guns and develop safer products.1 Ruger, of course, had urged investors to reject the proposal. In siding with activists, Ruger investors have begun to show their influence; time will tell how far they are willing to go.

Nathan Young, 2018

1 Hsu, Tiffany. “Sturm Ruger Shareholders Adopt Measure Backed by Gun Safety Activists.” The New York Times, The New York Times, 9 May 2018, www.nytimes. com/2018/05/09/business/sturm-ruger-shareholders-activists.html

ACKNOWLEDGM ENTS

All once-fired shotshells were purchased from the Shoot Indoors firing range in Westminster, CO. Special thanks to Access Gallery and Damon Y. McLeese, executive director.

Access Gallery 909 Santa Fe Drive Denver, CO 80204

COLOPHON

Art direction, photography and text by Nathan Young in Westminster, CO. The book is typeset in Poynter Old Style and Poynter Gothic, designed by Tobias Frere-Jones and David Berlow for Font Bureau in 1997.

MASS SHOOTER