Color Theory IND5325 Color Theory + Applications for the Built Environment

Color Theory IND 5325 Color Theory + Applications for the Built Environment Nathalie Restrepo

M.1 Color + Me Page 4

M.7 Color + Rhythm Page 40

M.2 Color + Designers Page 8

M.8 Color + Retail Page 44

TENTS

M.3 Color + Film Page 18

M.4 Color + Balance Page 26

M.9 Color + Scale Page 52

M.10 Color + Hospitality Page 56

M.5

M.6

Color + Healthcare Color + Image Page 30 Page 34

CON-

M.11 M.12 M.13 Color + Variety Page 60

Color + Workplace Color + Culture Page 66 Page 70

CONCLUSION

M.1 COLOR + ME 5

BACKGROUND I was born in New Jersey, after living there for 9 years, I moved down to Miami and I have been living here ever since 2003. I lived in Colombia brieflywhen I took a break from school to try to figure out what I wanted to do with my life. Even though I am American-born, my close cultural ties to my family allow me to feel like I am more Colombian than anything else. I live with my mother, father, 18-year old sister, and my dog. I also have a half sister from my dad’s side that currently lives in New Jersey. I am fluent in English and Spanish… Thankfully, I live comfortably at home with my parents.

Life is great…

school When I graduated from high school I thought that there was no way I could make a living off of what I love to do, so I decided to jump into a Pre-Med major when I first started college. There came a point where I couldn’t picture myself working in the Medical field so I new it was time to switch tracks. After taking some time off, and taking some exploratory classes in Pereira’s Technological Univeristy in Colombia, I came to a realization that I NEEDED to devote my life to something design-related. It is my calling. Since I also love math, I decided to apply to the school of Architecture at FIU… and here I am.

work I am currently working as a graduate assistant for Structures II under Shahin Vassigh. It has been an imense learning experience,and I’m very thankful for thisoportunity.It is a challenging job, but watching how someone’s face lights up in excitementwhen they finally understand a concept, makes it all worth it.

NATHALIE

o o o l l e H

ooooo

COLOR My favorite color is a certain shade of purple that lies somewhere between Violet and Magenta. I really like blues and pinks too, but purples are my favorite.

I have a strong tendency of wearing patterned clothes (anything that sort of resembles a mandala) Depends on my mood. Sometimes I like to dress in cheerful colors, other times I like to keep it simple and just wear black.

TRAVEL

HOBBIES

When I was young, I frequently traveled to Colombia, AND ONLY COLOMBIA with my family to visit relatives during my summer vacation. Now that I am older I have started to travel with my boyfriend to other parts of the world. This summer and Last summer we went to Cancun, Mexico. In December we’re going to Canada. Hopefully next year we’ll plan our first trip to England. I haven’t been to any other far away places.The rest of my travels have been pretty local to places like: Orlando, Tampa, Tallahassee,Bahamas,and S

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Whenever I’m not drowning in school work, I definitely like to take time to meditate and be in nature. Exploring caves, snorkeling at sea, hiking through vast green forests, camping….Feeling the dirt or sand between my toes, and just absorbing the warm rays from the sun. It is the most soothing thing you can possibly do after an intensesemester as an architecture student ! Painting and any other form ofcreative outlet are obviously also what I like to engage inon my spare time.I enjoy Collecting crystals Each one has a very special meaning and are supposed to help “heal” or serve as a good luck charm.

RESTREPO 7

M.2 COLOR + DESIGNERS 9

BERNARD TSCHUMI Born January 25TH, 1944. [Lausanne,Switzerland]Architecture degree from the [1969]His work is highly influenced by Jacques Derrida’s theories on Deconstructivism. When asked why the follies are red, he would reply: “Red is not a color”. What he really means is that red is not just a hue, its a way to empasize and represent CONCEPT. Tschumi believes that architecture's role is not to express a social structure, but to function as a tool for questioning that structure and revisingit. He has taught at quite a few architecture schools;some of the most prominent include: Princeton University and Cooper Union.

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PARC DE LA VILLETTE BERNARD TSCHUMI | PARIS, FRANCE | 1982-1998

COLOR CONCEPT Tschumi’s Parc de la Villette is conceptualized as one large user-defined space that is completely open for interpretation. Each of the deconstructivist follies are considered as a point of informal program. The primary red hue highlights important aspects about the project as seen in his sketches.

Green is a color of calm and restfulness. T atmosphere for park-goers to sit back. person’s overall well being. Being expose may be harmful, green gives the eyes a m n a t i

This project is meant to challenge preconcieved notions about architecture.The Park is supposed to be representative of urban life and activity where space, event, andmovement all converge into a larger system. Bold red linear elements emphasize circulation.

COLOR PSY

The natural landscape creates a relaxing Green is a perfect complement for a ed to red for an extended period of time moment of rest and renewal, and rejuveo n .

YCHOLOGY Red is known to agitate and excite. Red is also known to increase apetite, which could be a strategy to get people to buy food at the cafes located at some of the red follies. Since color directly influences our ability to percieve temperature, the red hue helps visitors believe the space to be warmer than it really is on cold, gloomy days.

Red increases the perception of passage of time, which makes feel people feel as if they have not spent much time here... this encourages visitors stay longer at Parc de la Villette and have a prolonged interaction with the space around them.

COLOR PALETTE

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Tschumi’s design shows us that color, when used correctly, can have a profound impact on design.

In this case he uses the color red to highlight his concept and emphasize the follies in a lush green landscape. These follies free architecture of pre-concieved notions; they revive/activate architecture, which is precisely what the color red is associated with 15

ORGANIZATIONAL SCHEME In Color Design by Ron Reed, the book mentions that Johannes Itten proposed that red is symbolic of power strength and stimulation, which goes hand in hand with the notion of stability that the square represents.

Tschumi, wanted the park to be a space for activity and interaction that would bring about a sense of freedom within a superimposed organization that would give the visitors points of reference.

The 135-acre site is organized spatially through a grid of 35 points, which is where the follies are placed. The repetitive nature of each folly, even though each one is unique and different, allow for the visitors to retain a sense of place through the large park. Free flowing paths do not follow the grid organization, but rather convergeand lead to other moments of interest through out Parc de la Villiette.

REFERENCES http://www.tschumi.com/projects/3/ http://www.aia.org/practicing/AIAB099981 https://www.pinterest.com/huanghsinyi/bernard-tschumi/ http://snoitnevretni-nabru.tumblr.com Google Earth Pro https://www.pinterest.com/pin/382735668302833328/ https://lavillette.com/en/la-villette/practical-information/ http://about-france.com/geo/solar-radiation-map.htm http://www.archdaily.com/92321/ad-classics-parc-de-la-villette-bernard-tschumi https://c2.staticflickr.com/6/5832/23112568273_25a50df13e_b.jpg http://leftbankadventures.blogspot.com/2010/08/day-7-parc-de-la-villette.html

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M.3 COLOR + FILM 19

LIFE OF PI

film summary This movie is about an Indian boy named after a French swimming pool,Piscine Molitor, who survives 277 days out at sea on his own with nothing but a tiger, a boat, and a limited amount of emergency supplies that he has to ration in order to stay alive.

While stranded out in the middle of the ocean Pi comes to the conclusion that he must learn to catch fish to feed the tiger, if he wants to avoid being eaten by the very same beast. After encountering a huge wave that wreaks havoc on the boat and depletes Pi of his supplies, he abandons his vegetarianism and begins to eat fish as well.

There are days where the sea is calm, and others where storms pose a threat to Pi’s survival. Regardless of weather conditions, it seems as if every waking moment is a test of faith an preservereance for Pi. He constantly has to remind himself to “Never lose hope”. While he is out at sea, the orange colored whistle, float, and interior of the boat are a constant reminder of survival, strength, which Pi knows that deep down are characteristic that lie within him.

After struggling for so long ... Pi finally makes it to Mexican soil. While Pi is barely able to climb out of the boat, the tiger jumps out and makes his way into the forest “unceremoniously” without so much as looking back at Pi one last time.

“I SUPPOSE IN THE END THE WHOLE OF LIFE BECOMES AN ACT OF LETTING GO, BUT WHAT ALWAYS HURTS THE MOST IS NOT TAKING A MOMENT TO SAY GOODBYE.” Although Pi is hurt by the tiger’s actions (thanks to the tiger)Pi comes to a realization helps tie together the different belief systems that have guided him throughout his life (Hinduism, Christianity and Islam.)

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Green represents growth, renewal, health & tranquility. The scenes occur way before Pi’s life changing event, and signify that all is well in the world.

Represents life, vitality, and a balance of mental and emotional aspects. Pi and Anandi are in a harmonious environment in which their love grows.

Blue has become representative of Pi’s youger years, where is he is full of wonder, marvel and intruge on how the Universe operates.

This warm color represents the intimacy and cheerfulness that Pi and Anandi share.

Anandi literally adds color and meaning to Pi’s life.

Implies moments of danger, stress and high risk. In the top scene, alarms were sounding off on the entire ship to alert everyone that the ship was sinking.

Dark blue (nearly black) symbolizes death, emptiness and bad luck. In the depicted scenes, darkness seems to engulf the main character to convey an overall sense of hopelessness.

Brown represents strong and urgent . need for security

The muted red signifies that there is still a possible danger, but this tone serves more as a warning; to be cautious.

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Yellow is cheerful, optimistic, and happy.

Pi has managed to survive another night out at sea, & begins to feel as if there is a “light at the end of the tunnel”.

Orange gives off a sense of warmth, brightness and happiness. After a long, stormy night the seas have calmed and peace and harmony arise.

In this case, brown demonstrates a sense of practicality and stability, a sense of feeling “grounded” despite floating in the middle of the ocean.

This muted tone of green feels harmonious alongside these shades of gold, yellow, and orange. It gives off a earthly feel, full of vitality.

Grey is used to convey despair, emptiness, and depression In scenes where Pi feels like there is lack of meaing to life, the color composition becomes bland, monochromatic, and sad.

The first scene depicted occurs when Pi recieves a lesson from his father, to let go of the idea that the tiger is his friend. Pi’s father shows just how primal and agressive the tiger is by placing a goat infront of him to slaughter right before Pi’s eyes.

Pi comes out to say that “the world had lost some of it’s enchantment that day.”

In the scenes below, Pi thanks God for his life and asks him to take his life. He says he is ready to finally meet with his parents and brother again.

Both of these scenes are immediately contrasted with brighter, and warmer colors that show that Pi has regained hope and a renewed reason to be alive.

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M.4 COLOR + BALANCE 27

“Balance Three trypes of symmetry: Symmetry (formal balance) Assymetry (informal balance) Radial balance

is the perceptual state of equality or order of objects within a larger composition... the point of equilibrium between 2 or more forces.�

Types of color balance: Value Contrast (Light/Dark) Hue Balance (compliments) Intensity contrast (Bright/ Dull) Size of color area (Large/Smal)

Balance is the most critical in establishing harmony and unity within an interior

Vertical and horizontal illusions in spaces are used to reduce over- and under- exaggerated spatial size balancing the user experience through contrasting lines of color

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M.5 COLOR + HEALTH CARE 31

Highest priorities in a healthcare setting: privacy respect as an individual safety and security

Goals of a healing environment: strive to heal the patient support the staff engage the family.

There is no clear consensus that color alone can create responses of either calm or arousal The CHER study found that color can affect people’s sense of temperature and their pervieced comfrot , but only to a limiteed degreee and only iwhtin the ocontext of overall design Sensitivity to harmony betwen colors was found to be fullly developed atduring adulthood The use of too much of one color is monotonous and can possibly be harmful Thanks to Roger S Ulrich’s work, we’re learning that designing with basic principles of nature can lead to positive outcomes Healing gardens can be found in certain hospitals; they promote wellness and may even positively influence recovery from surgery

Color can help the healthcare setting apprear less institutional.

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M.6 COLOR + IMAGE 35

THESE SERIES OF IMAGES ARE AN ATTEMPT TO STUDY AND EXPERSS THE ETHEREAL AND MYSTICAL QUALITIES OF LIGHT IN SEVERAL PLACES LOCATED ALONG MEXICO’S PENNINSULA SUCH AS CHICHEN ITZA AND XCARET.

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M.7 COLOR + RHYTHM 41

“Rhythm

is a systematic and orderly succession of identical elemenrs (shape, line, color, form) along a defined path in space...The purpose of rhythm is to provide an opportunity to move the viewer through the space, creating moments for emphasizing or downplaying various design elements�

Types of Rhythm: Repetition

Alternation

Progression

Continuation

Examples of how to bring

rhythmic order to a space: -Alternating hues -Progressive Values -Contrast of Saturation

Color hierarchy assists way finding, physical awareness of one’s place/orientation.

As a person moves through a space, the use of color and rhythm should guide him or her along the path of intended sequence.

“When the eye is forced to stop or unable to find a point ofi interest or repeating pattern, the result will be displeasing to the user of the space.”

Radiation

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M.8 COLOR + RETAIL 45

RETAIL

ANALYSIS

CONTRAST OF COLOR

The color contrast between black and white and the colors of the products creates a visual richness that attracts the customers to the items.

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CONTRAST OF VALUE The change in value from light to dark helps define a seperate, more intimate space with little circulation.

CONTRAST OF TEXTURES The images shows wood flooring and what appears to be wallpaper that is reminicent of the ring-like sectional qualities of wood. This serves to reinforce the notion of a warm intimate space in which customers may enjoy a moment of privacy to try on their clothes.

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COLOR EMPHASIS While the majority of the store has creamy white walls, there are moments in the store where a strong magenta color is used tocreate an emphasis.

In this case,this tone of pink is used to draw attention to the newest collection of undergarments

FOCAL POINT

The focal point, strategically placed behind the cash register draws the most attention in the room. This saturated pink space draws the customer’s view behind the counter and helps direct them to the closest check out space.

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M.9 COLOR + scale 53

“Scale

refers to the size of a shape in relation to a given known, in most cases, the human body and its position within space”

“Proportion

is defined as the size relaitonships between elements (parts) and the visual composition or space (whole).”

Color can be used to change our visual perception of a space’s actual size; dark colors make a room feel smaller and lighter colors make a room feel bigger. Light and warm colors advance; dark and cold colors recede.

Golden section FIBONACCI SPIRAL

}

Nearly the same meaning, but not exactly,they should not be used interchangeably

Applying grid systems can be useful in establishing coor relationships

color can be used to change our visual perception of a space’s actual size; dark colors make a room feel smaller; lighter colors make a room feel bigger. Light and warm colors advance; dark and cold colors recede.

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M.10 COLOR + Hospitality 57

ANALYSIS

COMMERCIAL DESIGN

1100 West Ave, Miami Beach, FL 33139 | Marcel Wanders | Mondrian South Beach

The spatial organization of the exterior is organic and causes one to become disoriented. The trellis and the carpet are key signals in directing traffic within the hotel. Without these visual cues, it would be hard to move throughout the patio and find the entrance of the buiding. Overall, the lobby space is successful in conveying the idea of impermanence and quick passage. The smooth and reflective surfaces generate a cold, space of superficiality in which one would not like to linger for too long

The trellis above and the carpets below help to direct users along axis of movement.

LINE

The patio has an overwhelming sense of organicism, two large implied cubes adding stability on either end.

SHAPE

These highly texturized seats are meant to engage our tactile senses to evoke cozy feelings of being “nestled� within the chair which allows us to linger.

TEXTURE

There is a high contrast between The curves in the columns, bells, Texture: Smooth reflective the light colored curves and and desk serve to soften the feel surfaces provide little stimuladark linear elements. of the cold, hard interior. tion and help enforce the idea of quick passage.

The patterned seats and carpet are a bit overwhelming to the senses, there is too much variety in one area.

PATTERN Pattern: The repetitive nature of these circles provides a much needed point of visual interest.

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M.11 COLOR + Variety

BLUE: Blue is a cold color. Honesty, truthfulness and stability are associated with this color as is sadness. It’s a very soulful color that brings up a feeling of searching or longing. The color implies depth, trust, loyalty, wisdom, precision, compassion, as well as grief, despair, fear, coldness, and winter.

DOMINANT

SECONDARY

ACCENT 4

ACCENT 3

ACCENT 2

ACCENT 1

PURPLE: Purple has been associated with royalty for centuries, mostly due to the expense of producing a purple dye. there’s a tendency to associate it with wealth, sophistication and mystery. Other words associated include: luxury, magic, creatvity, intelligence, seriousness, majesty.

PINK: this color is a red tint that usually brings up the image of femininity. It gives a gentle feeling and creates associations to candy, youth, and love as well as harmlessness and boredom.

COLOR SCHEME

The color scheme presented involves a total of 5 colors; a few pastel colors and several darker turquose hues as well as a dominant neutral hue.Overall the palette is cool, to it is important to incorporate a soft but warm color to balance this out.

60 % of the space is assigned to a neutral off white color 30 % of the space is designated to a pastel pink (the gestural ceiling extrusion is emphasized) 10% of the space is given to shades of blue and purple (darker blues are asigned to the seating area since darker colors should be located towards the bottom of the room.)

EXPERIENCE + RESULTS

This room is meant to be a soft soothing environment with cool tones.

It was difficult to try to work with a palette that had so many different colors. I feel that ultimately the book isright when it says that we should use a minimum of 3 colors and a maximum of 5. Any more than that, and the room starts to look chaotic with so many variations and the design intention is lost.

These colors were also troublesome because at first I was getting an Art-Deco type of interior (which is not what I wanted) ... but overall I feel like a youthful, cool and light space was achieved.

M.12 COLOR + Workplace

125 Park Avenue, 19th Floor New York, NY | Pandora Media

|

Andrew Bartle Architects

ANALYSIS

Workplace Design

The way that Pandora Media makes use of lines to define the space is by taking a series of uniquely manipulated louvers , that when put together generate a visual embodiment of some of the greatest artists ever known. In this way, these louvers celebrate individuality and collectivity at the same time.

Throughout this two-story project, there are a series of irregularly shaped glass booths. However, these shapes are not arbitrarily design. In fact, the acute and obtuse angles aid in “sound attenuation”, making sure that sounds are contained within the space they originated in. This contributes to the much needed sense of privacy to promote productivity in this open office environment.

The wood texture used in flooring, desks, and walls generates a sense of warmth and belonging.

While the tactile sense is not stimulated by the wood, it does add visual richness. It’s color also provides moments of rest for the user’s eyes. While Pandora Media makes use of bright hues to keep an energetic and youthful atmosphere, the wood’s color helps establish harmony and keeps the space from becoming over whelming.

The patterned glass booths serve to hint at the spatial experience of the Internet. Glass keeps the space open and transparent, while the dot-matrix pattern offers a bit of seclusion and breaks away from the glass’s reflectivity.

LINE

SHAPE

TEXTURE

PATTERN

CONCLUSION | EXPERIENCE After analyzing the interior design of Pandora Media, I truly feel that the spaces have an energetic quality to promote motivation, collaboration and socialization amongst co-workers. The interior space is visually engaging and allows you to see everything that is going on, while still providing a degree of privacy by enclosing and soundproofing certain office spaces and other moments within the project where focus and productivity are vital to employees. I feel that the design is quite successful.

M.13 COLOR + Culture

COLOMBIA

Red symbolizes Bravery vibrancy, vitality and is often found in artisanal crafts Peach/Pink/Salmon Is a color that represents femininity, something delicate.

Yellow is a color that conveys a sense of wealth, light, harmony and justice.

Green represents envy as well as the luscious landscapes that Colombia has to offer.

Blue represents sky, pendence from Spain.

freedom,

infinity,

blessings,

and

oceans.

The primary colors yellow, red and blue are found on the Colombian flag: Yellow symbolizes sovereignty and justice, blue as loyalty and vigilance, and red represents the valor shown and the victory achieved during the battles for inde In Colombia we have beautiful landscapes that are rich in color ! In San Andres, Colombia our sea is called “El Mar de los Siete Colores” because there are 7 noticeably different shades of blue. We also have a river called Cañon Cristal wich has algae that makes the water appear to be red and pink.

INDIA

The associations for Blue in India are: infinity, humanity, and healing.

Shades of Purple represent creativity, vitality, mysticism and spirituality.

Green symbolizes a new beginning, as well as harvest, and happiness. It is also the revered color of Islam, a large religious presence in India.

In India, it is the deep hues of Ochre that symbolize wealth, luxuries and grandeur. Yellows also symbolize spirituality, peace, wisdom, and hope.

Red stands for purity and is the preferred color for a bride’s garment. Red also incites fear & is associated with one of the most revered figures in Hindu mythology (Durga) Colors in India also serve to represent the caste system. Those that wear blue “saris” are considered to be commoners. Historically, high class Hindus would avoid the color blue because the indigo fermentation process used for cloth dying was considered “impure”.

India being a highly spiritualized country has colors associated to different “chakras” or energy centers in the body. Colors are believed to govern or regulate certain body parts and functions

REFERENCES http://www.contrastes.com.co/noticias/index.php/content-category-4/2334-feria-de-las-flores-nueva-coleccion-de-camisetas http://www.sensationalcolor.com/color-meaning/color-around-the-world/india-country-symbolic-colors-1935#.WDuomnh_w7o https://ecoquette.wordpress.com/2011/11/27/oh-colorful-india/

CONCLUSION This semester has been very challenging but at the same time very enjoyable. As an architecture major, our studio education focuses primary on designing the spacial qualities in a sructure, and color is often overlooked (as is evident in most of our architectural models), but color is quite complex as I’ve leaned this semester.

I look forward to continue applying my knowledge in color theory to strengthen my design and my visual comunication in design.

Thank you Darci for such a great semester.