Poultry Times of India - Nov. 2017

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P ULTRY TIMES OF INDIA Vol.38 | No. - 11 | November - 2017

RNI No. 02957/96

TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON POULTRY held at Vivaan Hotel & Resorts, Karnal on 28th October, 2017

Dr. Rishendra Verma

Dr. N. K. Mahajan

Dr. Devendra Hooda

Dr. Kowsigraj

Mr. Vijay Sardana

From the Editor’s Desk

Housing & Management of Poultry Farm

All poultry house need some form of ventilation to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen, while removing carbon dioxide, other waste gases and dust. In commercial operations, minimum ventilation is often practiced in colder climates, but not generally in tropical ones.

In large-scale automated operations, correct air distribution can be achieved using a negative pressure ventilation system. When chicks are very young, or in colder climates, the air from the inlets should be directed towards the roof, to mix with the warm air there and circulate throughout the shed. With older birds and in warmer temperatures, the incoming air is directed down towards the birds, and helps to keep them cool. Evaporative cooling pads can be placed in the air inlets to keep birds cool in hot weather. Tunnel ventilation is the most effective ventilation system for large houses in hot weather.

Tunnel ventilation: These systems are popular in hot climates. Exhaust fans are placed at one end of the house or in the middle of the shed, and air is drawn through the length of the house, removing heat, moisture and dust. Evaporative cooling pads are located at the air inlets.

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Improvements to poultry housing systems in developing counties have focused on providing an environment that satisfies the birds’ thermal requirements. Newly hatched birds have a poor ability to control body temperature, and require some form of supplementary heating, particularly in the first few days after hatch. Many developing countries are located in tropical areas where minimal heating is required. Indeed, the emphasis in these countries International poultry breeding and feed companies operate in many developing countries and have established large-scale commercial farms in a significant number of them. The housing and equipment used make it possible to exert considerable control over the climate provided to the birds, bur such houses are expensive to build and operate, and require a large turnover of birds to make them viable. Owing to the lower construction and running costs, medium and small-scale commercial housing is popular in developing countries. By far the most prevalent poultry farming system in many developing countries is the small-scale scavenging system, which usually involves only very basic (if any) shelter for housing birds.

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MINERAL DEFICIENCIES IN POULTRY Rakesh Kumar

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POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

ARTICLE MINERAL DEFICIENCIES IN POULTRY Mineral Deficiencies in Poultry can produce numerous health problems for chickens including in some cases, death.

Thus, to prevent Mineral Deficiencies in Poultry, or when deficiency symptoms are noted, feeding a balanced poultry diet with the required vitamins and minerals should be practiced.

Calcium and Phosphorus Imbalances in Poultry A deficiency of either calcium or phosphorus in the diet of young growing birds results in abnormal bone development even when the diet contains adequate vitamin D3 . A d e fi c i e n c y of e i t h e r c a l c i u m o r phosphorus results in lack of normal skeletal calcification. Rickets is seen mainly in growing birds, while calcium deficiency in laying hens results in reduced shell quality and osteoporosis.

This depletion of bone structure causes a disorder that is commonly referred to as “cage layer fatigue.” When calcium is mobilized from bone to overcome a dietary deficiency, the cortical bone erodes and is unable to support the weight of the hen.

Prevention & Treatment : Should be given Grow-CalD 3 Ricket in Poultry Rickets most commonly occurs in young meat birds; the main characteristic is inadequate bone mineralization.

Calcium deficiency at the cellular level is the main cause, although feeding a diet deficient or imbalanced in calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D3 can also induce this problem.

Prevention & Treatment : Rickets can best be prevented by providing adequate levels and potency of vitamin D3 supplements, and by ensuring that the diet is formulated to provide optimal utilization of fat-soluble compounds.

Diets must also provide a correct balance of calcium to available phosphorus.

Should be given Grow-Cal D 3 Tibial Dyschondroplasia (Osteochondrosis) in Poultry Tibial dyschondroplasia is characterized by an abnormal cartilage mass in the proximal head of the tibiotarsus. It has been seen in all fast06

growing meat birds but is most common in broiler chickens. Signs can occur early, but more usually are seen at 21–35 days of age. Birds are reluctant to move and when forced to walk, do so with a swaying motion or stiff gait.

Tibial dyschondroplasia results from disruption of the normal metaphyseal blood supply in the proximal tibiotarsal growth plate, where the disruption in nutrient supply means that the normal process of ossification does not occur.

The abnormal cartilage is composed of severely degenerated cells, with cytoplasm and nuclei appearing shrunken.

Prevention & Treatment : Treatment involves dietary adjustment of the calcium: phosphorus ratio and achieving a dietary electrolyte balance of ~250 mEq/kg. Dietary changes rarely result in complete recovery. Tibial dyschondroplasia can be prevented by tempering growth rate; however, programs of light or feed restriction must be considered in relation to economic consequences of reduced growth rate. Should be given Grow-Cal D 3 & Electral Energy Cage Layer Fatigue in Poultry

High-producing laying hens maintained in cages sometimes show paralysis during and just after the period of peak egg production due to a fracture of the ver tebrae that subsequently affects the spinal cord.

The fracture is caused by an impaired calcium flux related to the high output of calcium in the eggshell.

Diets must provide adequate quantities of calcium and phosphorus to prevent deficiencies. However, feeding diets that contain >2.5% calcium during the growing period produces a high incidence of nephrosis, visceral gout, calcium urate deposits in the ureters, a n d s o m e t i m e s h i g h m o r t a l i t y, especially in the presence of infectious bronchitis virus. Eggshell strength and bone strength can both be improved by feeding ~50% of the dietary calcium supplement in the form of coarse limestone, with the remaining half as fine particle limestone. Offering the coarse supplement permits the birds to satisfy their requirements when they need it most, or allows the coarse material to be retained in the gizzard where the calcium can be absorbed continuously.

POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

ARTICLE Prevention & Treatment : A readily assimilable calcium and/or calcium phosphate supplement is effective if started very soon after paralysis due to calcium deficiency develops. Should be given Grow-Cal D 3 Manganese Deficiency in Poultry A deficiency of manganese in the diet of immature chickens and turkeys is one of the causes of perosis and of thinshelled eggs and poor hatchability in mature birds . It can also cause chondrodystrophy.

The most dramatic effect of manganese deficiency syndrome is perosis, characterized by enlargement and malformation of the tibiometatarsal joint, twisting and bending of the distal end of the tibia and the proximal end of the tarsometatarsus, thickening and shortening of the leg bones, and slippage of the gastrocnemius tendon from its chondyles. Elevated intakes of calcium and/or phosphorus will aggravate the condition due to reduced absorption of magnesium by precipitated calcium phosphate in the intestinal tract. In laying hens, reduced egg production, markedly reduced hatchability, and eggshell thinning are often noted.

A manganese-deficient breeder diet can result in chondrodystrophy in chick embryos. This condition is characterized by shortened, thickened legs and shortened wings. Other signs can include a parrot beak brought about by a disproportionate shortening of the lower mandible, globular contour of the head due to anterior bulging of the skull, edema usually occurring just above the atlas joint of the neck and extending posteriorly, and protruding of the abdomen due to unassimilated yolk. Growth is also reduced and development of down and feathers is retarded. A manganese-deficient chick has a characteristic star-gazing posture, because the otoliths of the inner ear are defective or absent.

Prevention & Treatment : Deformities 08

cannot be corrected by feeding more manganese. Effects of manganese deficiency on egg production are fully corrected by feeding a diet containing 30–40 mg of Mn/kg, provided the diet does not contain excess calcium and/or phosphorus.Should be given Growmin Forte Plus Iron and Copper Deficiencies in Poultry Deficiencies of both iron and copper can lead to anemia. Iron deficiency causes a severe anemia with a reduction in PCV. In color-feathered strains, there is also loss of pigmentation in the feathers. The birds' requirements for RBC synthesis take precedence over metabolism of feather pigments, although if a fortified diet is introduced.

Young chicks become lame in 2–4 wk when fed a copper-deficient diet. Bones are fragile and easily broken, epiphyseal cartilage becomes thickened, and vascular penetration of the thickened cartilage is markedly reduced. These bone lesions resemble the changes noted in birds with a vitamin A deficiency. Copper-deficient chickens may also display ataxia and spastic paralysis.

Copper deficiency in birds, and especially in turkeys, can lead to rupture of the aorta. The biochemical lesion in the copper-deficient aorta is likely related to failure to synthesize desmosine, the cross-link precursor of elastin. The lysine content of copperdeficient elastin is 3 times that seen in control birds, suggesting failure to incorporate lysine into the desmosine molecule. In field cases of naturally occurring aortic rupture, many birds have <10 ppm Cu in the liver, compared to 15–30 ppm normally seen in birds of comparable age. High levels of sulfate, molybdenum, and ascorbic acid can reduce liver copper levels. A high incidence of aortic rupture has been seen in turkeys fed 4-nitrophenylarsionic acid.

Prevention & Treatment : The problem can be resolved by feeding

higher levels of copper, suggesting that products such as 4-nitro may physically complex with copper .Should be given Growmin Forte Plus Iodine Deficiency in Poultry Iodine deficiency results in a decreased output of thyroxine from the thyroid gland, which in turn stimulates the anterior pituitary to produce and release increased amounts of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). This increased production of TSH results in subsequent enlargement of the thyroid gland, usually termed goiter. The enlarged gland results from hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the thyroid follicles, which increases the secretory surface of the follicles.

Lack of thyroid activity or inhibition of the thyroid by administration of thiouracil or thiourea causes hens to cease laying and become obese. It also results in the growth of abnormally long, lacy feathers. Administration of thyroxine or iodinated casein reverses the effects on egg production, with eggshell quality returning to normal.

The iodine content of an egg is markedly influenced by the hen's intake of iodine. Eggs from a breeder fed an iodine-deficient diet will exhibit reduced hatchability and delayed yolk sac absorption. Rapeseed meal and, to a lesser extent, canola meal contain goitrogens that cause thyroid enlargement in young birds.

Prevention & Treatment : Iodine deficiency in poultry can be avoided by supplementing the feed with as little as 0.5 mg of iodine/kg.

Magnesium Deficiency in Poultry Natural feed ingredients are rich in magnesium, thus deficiency is rare and magnesium is rarely added to diets.

Newly hatched chicks fed a diet devoid of magnesium live only a few days. They grow slowly, are lethargic, and often pant and gasp. When disturbed, they exhibit brief convulsions and become comatose, which is sometimes temporary, but often fatal. Mortality is

POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

ARTICLE quite high on diets only marginally deficient in magnesium, even though growth of survivors may approach that of control birds.

A magnesium deficiency in the diet of laying hens results in a rapid decline in egg production, blood hypomagnesemia, and a marked withdrawal of magnesium from bones. Egg size, shell weight, and the magnesium content of yolk and shell are decreased. Increasing the dietary calcium of laying hens accentuates these effects. Magnesium seems to play a central role in eggshell formation, although it is not clear whether there is a structural need or whether magnesium simply gets deposited as a cofactor along with calcium.

Prevention & Treatment : Requirements for most classes of chicken seem to be ~500–600 ppm Mg, a level that is usually achieved with contributions by natural feed ingredients. .Should be given Growmin Forte Plus Potassium, Sodium, and Chloride Deficiency in Poultry While requirements for potassium, sodium, and chloride have been clearly defined, it is also important to maintain a balance of electrolytes in the body.

Often termed electrolyte balance or acid-base balance, the effects of deficiency of any one element are often a consequence of alteration to this impor tant balance as it affects osmoregulation.

Prevention & Treatment : Should be given Electral Energy Electrolyte Imbalance in Poultry The primary role of electrolytes is in maintenance of body water and ionic balance. Thus, requirements for elements such as sodium, potassium, and chlorine cannot be considered individually because it is the overall balance that is important. Electrolyte balance, also referred to as acid-base balance, is affected by 3 factors: the balance and proportion of these 10

electrolytes in the diet, endogenous acid production, and the rate of renal clearance.

Electrolyte imbalance causes a number of metabolic disorders in birds, most notably tibial dyschondroplasia and respiratory alkalosis in layers. Tibial dyschondroplasia in young broiler chickens can be affected by the electrolyte balance of the diet.

Overall electrolyte balance is always important, but is most critical when chloride or sulfur levels are high. With low dietary chloride levels, there is often little response to the manipulation of electrolyte balance; however, when dietary chloride levels a re h i g h , i t i s c r i t i c a l to m a ke adjustments to the dietary cations to maintain overall balance.

Prevention & Treatment : Should be given Electral Energy Selenium Deficiency in Poultry A deficiency of selenium in growing chickens causes exudative diathesis.

Early signs (unthriftiness, ruffled feathers) usually occur at 5–11 wk of age. The edema results in weeping of the skin, which is often seen on the inner surface of the thighs and wings.

The birds bruise easily, and large scabs often form on old bruises. In laying hens, such tissue damage is unusual, but egg production, hatchability, and feed conversion are adversely affected.

The metabolism of selenium is closely linked to that of vitamin E, and signs of deficiency can sometimes be treated with either the mineral or the vitamin.

Vitamin E can spare selenium in its role as an antioxidant, and so some selenium-responsive conditions can also be treated by supplemental vitamin E. Prevention & Treatment : Feeds grown on high-selenium soils may be used in poultry rations and are good sources of selenium. Fish meal and dried brewer's yeast are also rich in selenium.Should be given Grow E-Sel

Zinc Deficiency in Poultry Zinc requirements and signs of deficiency are influenced by dietary ingredients. In young chicks, signs of zinc deficiency include retarded growth, shortening and thickening of leg bones and enlargement of the hock joint, scaling of the skin (especially on the feet), very poor feathering, loss of appetite, and in severe cases, mortality.

While zinc deficiency can reduce egg production in aging hens, the most striking effects are seen in developing embryos. Chicks hatched from zincdeficient hens are weak and cannot stand, eat, or drink . They have accelerated respiratory rates and labored breathing. If the chicks are disturbed, the signs are aggravated and t h e c h i c k s of t e n d i e . Re t a rd e d feathering and frizzled feathers are also found. However, the major defect is grossly impaired skeletal development.

Zinc-deficient embryos show micromelia, curvature of the spine, and shortened, fused thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Toes often are missing and, in extreme cases, the embryos have no lower skeleton or limbs. Some embryos are rumpless, and occasionally the eyes are absent or not developed.

Prevention & Treatment : Should be given Grow-Cal D 3 Protein Amino Acid & Energy Deficiency in Poultry The optimal level of balanced protein intake for growing chicks is ~18–23% of the diet; for growing poults and galinaceous upland game birds, ~26–30%; and for growing ducklings and goslings, ~20–22%. If the protein and component amino acid content of the diet is below these levels, birds tend to grow more slowly. Even when a diet contains the recommended quantities of protein, satisfactory growth also requires sufficient quantities and proper balance of all the essential amino acids.

All deficiencies of essential amino acids result in retarded growth or reduced

POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

ARTICLE egg size or egg production. If a diet is deficient in protein or certain amino acids, the bird may consume more feed in an attempt to resolve the deficiency.

Consequently there will be inferior feed efficiency and the birds are invariably fatter as a consequence of overconsuming energy.

A deficiency of energy can only occur if the diet is so low in energy concentration that the bird physically cannot eat a sufficient quantity of feed to normalize energy intake. All birds have an amazing ability to consume energy to requirement regardless of dietar y energy concentration, assuming that they can physically eat enough feed in extreme situations.

With a deficiency of energy, the bird will grow slowly or stop ovulating. As sources of energy, protein and amino acids will be deaminated and any lipids will undergo β-oxidation. The latter condition can lead to ketosis, which more commonly occurs.

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Prevention & Treatment : Should be given Amino Power Simple Deficiencies A deficiency of chloride causes ataxia with classic signs of nervousness, often induced by sudden noise or fright. The main sign of hypokalemia is an overall muscle weakness characterized by weak extremities, poor intestinal tone with intestinal distention, cardiac weakness, and weakness and ultimately failure of the respiratory muscles.

Hypokalemia is apt to occur during severe stress. Plasma protein is elevated, causing the kidney, under the influence of adrenocortical hormone, to discharge potassium into the urine.

During adaptation to the stress, blood flow to the muscle gradually improves and the muscle begins uptake of potassium. As liver glycogen is restored, potassium returns to the liver.

Birds that are fed a diet low in protein and potassium or that are starving grow slowly but do not show a potassium deficiency. Potassium derived from metabolized tissue protein replaces that lost in the urine. The ratio of potassium to nitrogen in urine is relatively constant and is the same as that found in muscle. Thus, tissue nitrogen and potassium are released together from catabolized tissue.

Rakesh Kumar Founder - Growel Agrovet Private Limited

POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

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POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

PRESS RELEASE TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON POULTRY held at Vivaan Hotel & Resorts, Karnal on 28th October, 2017 Organised By

Indian Poultry Journalists Association, Poultry Federation Of India And Central Haryana Poultry Farmer Association, Karnal

GLIMPSES OF EVENT A series of technical seminar on poultry held at Vivaan Hotel, Karnal on 28th October, 2017 conducted by Indian Poultry Journalists Association (IPJA), Poultry Federation of India and Central Haryana Poultry Farmer Association, Karnaland the following reputed doctors presented their lecture under the Presidentship of Mr. B.S. Rana, President, IPJA.

President, Poultry Review ; Mr. B. S. Rana, Editor & President, Poultry Punch ; Mr. M. K. Vyas, Editor and General Secretary, Hind Poultry ; Mr. N. K. Gupta, Executive Member, Poultry Planner and Poultry Times of India.

First of all Registration of all layer farmers and breeders prepared and the huge number of farmers were present in the hall.

Mr. Ricky Thaper, Honrary speaker of

IPJA welcome all the guests and call Mr. B. S. Ranato addressed the audience and thanks to all the guests. All members of IPJA present on stage left to right viz. Mr. AmitRana, Editor& Executive Member, Poultry Manch ; Mr. BaljinderAghi, Editor and Executive Member, Poultry W o r l d ; M r. S h a s h a n k P r o h i t , Editor,Poultry Dairy & Feed ; Mr. S.N. Murthi, Editor and Treasurer, Poultry Herald ; Mr. G. N. Ghosh, Editor & Vice13

With a huge round of applause the programme was started by Mr. Ricky T h a p e r. T h e f o l l o w i n g D o c t o r 's presented their presentation viz. Dr. N.K. Mahajan discussed on Emerging and Reemerging Respiratory Diseases in Poultry ; Dr. Kowsigraj on Breeders Management in Poultry ; Dr. Rishendra Verma on Challenges of Anti-biotic Residue in Indian Poultry Industry ; Dr. Devendera Hooda, Epidemiological

Impact of Mycoplasmosis in Poultry; Mr. Vijay Sardana on Changing Scenario in Marketing of Poultry Products. All the topics were very valuable for the farmers and breeders. To doctors and guests bouquet were presented and in the last Mementos were given to all the sponsrers. Mr. Jagbir Singh Dhull, Managing Director, Syklark, Jindand Mr. Ramesh Khatri, President and Mr. Ranpal Dhanda, Secretary, Poultry

Federation of India and Mr. Joginder Lather, President, Mr. Surinder Bhutani, General Secretary and Mr. Ashok Bajaj, Executive Member of Central Haryana Poultry Farmer Association, Karnal, Mr. B a l j e e t S i n g h Re d h u , M a n a g i n g Director, Redhu Hatchery, Jind, S. Gurdip Singh, MD, Hi-Bred (India) Pvt. Ltd. Karnal and other dignitaries also attended this function. The function ended with Cocktail and dinner.

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PRESS RELEASE GLIMPSES OF TECHINCAL SEMINAR - KARNAL

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POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

NEWS Big Chicken Connects Poultry Farming To Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

T

he chicken for sale at your local grocery store isn't like the chicken your grandparents used to eat, They're bigger and more breasty, says public health journalist Maryn McKenna and that's by design,In the United States, we much prefer to eat white meat, and so we have bred chickens and genetically redesigned chickens in order for them to have a lot of breast meat, McKenna says, She attributes the change in poultr y to factors like precision breeding, hormones and nutrition, but adds, Antibiotics started this process,Many large poultry farms feed antibiotics to their chickens in an effort to prevent disease. But McKenna says that humans who eat those chickens are at risk of developing not only antibioticresistant gastrointestinal infections, but also urinary tract infections as well. She chronicles the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry in her new book, Big Chicken, McKenna's aim in writing the book is not to scare people away from eating poultry; rather, she hopes to improve the quality of the chicken we consume,I think meat eating is going to remain with us as a culture,she says.

Therefore, I want to see meat producing get better,get better for the animals and also get safer for us. I do think it's possible to get there, When we give animals antibiotics, those antibiotics, for the most part, are given in their food and water,So they go into the animal's guts,They make some of those bacteria in the gut resistant,That bacteria contaminates [the animal's] meat. We eat the meat, And then we develop the 24

foodborne illnesses that happen to be antibioticresistant,Because of the consolidation of food production, in which now fewer very large firms are distributing their products over very large spaces,we get very large outbreaks of antibiotic-resistant foodborne illness that can be distributed hundreds and thousands of miles away from where the original farms are, Sometimes those [antibioticresistant] bacteria get out of our digestive systems and travel the short distance to our urinary systems, and then it feels just like a regular UTI. So a woman goes to her doctor and says, "I have a urinary tract infection." And the doctor will give her one of those standard set of antibiotics that are prescribed by medicine and nothing happens, In other words, the antibiotic doesn't work because the infection is resistant, But because so many people get UTIs so often 6 to 8 million UTIs in women in the United States every year that woman might go back to her doctor and the doctor will presume that she's been re-infected as opposed to the UTI never having been cured at all, The reason why this is such a problem is that an untreated UTI gets worse and it can climb up the urinary system, into the kidneys, cause a kidney infection.

The kidneys are a kind of back door to the circulatory system. So if the bacteria propagate through them, then you're looking at a bloodstream infection, infections in other organ systems, even septic shock, which can be deadly, all tracing back to antibiotic use on farms,One pretty good estimate now is that of those 6 to 8 million UTIs that occur in women every year in the United States, possibly 10 percent could be foodborne UTIs, could be due to this antibiotic-resistant bacteria traveling from farms which means 600,000 to 800,000 cases a year in this

country, There definitely are things on labels on chicken that you should raise an eyebrow at, if you see them,Things like, for instance, Raised without hormones, or Raised cage-free,Well, hormones have never been legal for meat chicken in the United States, and similarly, meat chickens are never raised in cages. So those are both sort of claims that the companies can make that they don't really get any credit for, A thing to look for is if it says, No antibiotics ever,or sometimes, Raised without antibiotics And, to me, that is as significant a claim as Organic In some ways maybe more significant, because one of the weirdnesses of organic regulation in the United States is that the organic standard for meat chicken clicks in on day two of the chicken's life.

So that chicken could've gotten antibiotics injected into it when it's still in the shell or in its first day of life,And that exposure might have been enough to generate resistant bacteria in that chicken's systems when it's a tiny, fluffy chick, even if it doesn't get antibiotics in the rest of its life, To me, a label claim of,Raised without antibiotics" is a thing that's really worth looking for, In 2014, Jim Perdue, who is the chairman of the very large chicken company Perdue Farms, the fourth-largest chicken company in the United States, called a press conference and announced that his family-owned company was turning away from routine antibiotic use, In fact, he said they had been doing this since 2007 and they were almost done with the process, And now today, three years later, they are functionally 100 percent antibiotic-free about 98 or 99 percent, depending on the year,That was such a shock to the industry that a number of other companies followed Perdue's lead, both in food production, so other chicken companies like Tyson, for instance, and also in food service, so companies like Chik-Fil-A and Subway and McDonald's and other fast-casual [restaurants] and larger companies,

POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017

RECIPE

Garlic-Ginger Chicken Wings (Life Time Period 10 Years)

Ingredients cooking spray Ÿ 5 pounds chicken wings, separated at joints, tips discarded Ÿ salt and ground black pepper to taste Ÿ 3 tablespoons hot sauce (such as Frank's Red Hot ®) Ÿ 2 tablespoons vegetable oil Ÿ 1 cup all-purpose flour Ÿ 3 crushed garlic cloves Ÿ 2 tablespoons minced fresh ginger root Ÿ 1 tablespoon Asian chile pepper sauce Ÿ 1/2 cup rice vinegar Ÿ 1/2 cup packed brown sugar Ÿ 1 tablespoon soy sauce Directions Preheat oven to 400 degrees F (200 degrees C). Line 2 baking sheets with aluminum foil; grease the foil with cooking spray, Place the chicken in a large mixing bowl. Season with salt, pepper, and hot sauce. Add the vegetable oil; toss to coat, Place the flour and wings in a large, food-safe plastic bag. Hold the bag closed tightly, and shake to coat the wings entirely with the flour; no wet spots should remain. Arrange the wings on the prepared baking sheets, making sure none of the pieces are touching one another.

Spray wings with additional cooking spray, Bake in the preheated oven for 30 minutes, turn all the wings, and return to the oven to cook until crispy and no longer pink in the center, about 30 minutes more Whisk together the garlic, ginger, chili paste, rice vinegar, brown sugar, and soy sauce in a saucepan. Bring the mixture to a boil and immediately remove from heat, Put about half the wings in a large mixing bowl. Pour about half the sauce over the wings. Toss the wings with tongs to coat evenly; transfer to a tray and allow to sit about 5 minutes to allow the sauce to soak into the wings before serving. Repeat with remaining wings and sauce. Ÿ

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Why did they do this? I have to say, not because they are explicitly concerned about antibiotic resistance. They did it because they're concerned about the reaction of their consumers. And Perdue themselves say they were getting about 3,000 comments a month from their customers questioning why routine

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antibiotics had to be used, in expressing discomfort with that process. And being intensely attuned to their customers, they decided to study, to figure out whether they could do away with routine antibiotics in their chickens, and it turns out that they could.

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hicken Pharm is almost ready to feed Petaluma, a town once known as the egg capital of the world and still a poultry powerhouse. It opens next Saturday, November 11, at 132 Keller Street in the former Tuttle Drug Store hence the Pharm of the name, though the choice is ironic given that the restaurant’s chickens are Rocky’s antibiotic-free birds, Chicken Pharm comes from the Patio Group, a San Diego real estate and hospitality chain who have planned their Northern California expansion for at least two years, We have a lot of good connections in Petaluma, owner Gina Champion-Cain told Eater San Diego in 2015,It was an opportunity to buy a building in a very cool town which has great demographic base, For Chicken Pharm, The Patio deployed their inhouse designer, Hillary Raffi, building out an 110 seat ding room with 20 seats at a wrap-around bar, There are 16 seats at The Roost, a communal table made from a single slab of

maple, and more per the restaurant group’s signature on a patio, though this Nor Cal version will be a bit more seasonal than those in San Diego, While it’s owned by outsiders, the talent at Chicken Pharm will be local, starting with head chef Adam Mali and going all the way down, The service is gonna be very approachable, says Mali, who was previously executive chef at Nick’s Cove in West Marin and has lived in Petaluma for a decade, Come in, sit down with the family, no pretenses, On the menu, the chef isn’t putting all his eggs in the chicken basket, preparing a range of small plates, salads, and even a griddled PB&J for kids that’s served with a glass of local milk, We’re using some great, great vendors it’s one of the reasons I moved to Petaluma says Mali, the producers out here are the best in the country, He glows about the local cheeses (Chicken Pharm’s mac and cheese is made with Petaluma Creamery white cheddar) and beef from Fallon Hills ranch,I don’t want it to be a hamburger place but it just might be,it’s a memorable burger, That means Chicken Pharm’s chicken better live up to the name. It’s soaked overnight in buttermilk with cayenne.

POULTRY TIMES OF INDIA | VOL. 38 | NO. - 11 | November 2017