korean grammar

Example Sentences Written Form •책이 있다. = I have a book. (Lit. There is a book) •시계가 있다. = I have a watch.

•핸드폰이 있다. = I have a mobile phone.

•책을 가지고 있다. = I have a book.

•핸드폰을 가지고 있다. = I have a mobile phone.

Spoken Form •책(이) 있어.

•핸드폰(이) 있어.

•시계(가) 있어.

•책(을) 가지고 있어.

•핸드폰(을) 가지고 있어.

Note: 1. Use 이/가 with "있다" and 을/를 with "가지고 있다".

2. The particles are usually omitted in spoken Korean.

When you say, 'I have a brother or sister', 가지고 있다 CANNOT be used because it implies ownership. Only 있다 can be used in relation to people.

For example, Written Form •남동생이 있다. = I have a younger brother.

•여동생이 있다. = I have a younger sister.

Spoken Form •형(이) 있어. = I have an older brother.

•누나(가) 있어. = I have an older sister.

•남동생(이) 있어. = I have a younger brother.

•여동생(이) 있어. = I have a younger sister.

Don't have (없다) 없다 literally means 'there isn't/aren't'. However, it can also mean 'don't have' For example, Written Form •없다 = don't have (Lit. there isn't/aren't) •가지고 있지 않다/안 가지고 있다 = don't have (Lit. don't own/possess)

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