BA3 Architecture Portfolio 2021 (3.1)

3. 1 Portfolio An Interchange for Seamless Future Mobilities

Mylan Thuroczy 18057317

Infra-Space Future Services

Content

1. Infra-Space 2. Site Analysis 3. The Transport System 4. Concept Investigation 5. Precedents 6. Programme Development 7. Initial Proposal 8. Reflections 9. References

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Infra-Space

Brief - Future Services Service stations have been essential parts of the road network for more than 50 years but the principles of their design have changed little. The brief poses the challenge to reimagine the typology considering the current issues around these temporal spaces, as well as questioning their roles in the future when alternative fueling methods will be used for vehicles. What will the future service station service? How can we design to accommodate these new programs?

Can an infrastructural architecture be productive in service of humans and the environment?

Can the spaces of infrastructural architecture be socially productive?

Methods - Research and Speculative Design Research is used to inform the position and proposition of this project. To be able to design for a future context visual speculations is made to imagine alternative scenarios. Through speculative design, the project aims to explore the spatial implications of emerging technologies focusing on the social impacts and experiences created.

The intent is not to predict the future but rather to imagine a context and explore it through design.

HORIZONTAL CITY

Paul Rudolph: Lower Manhattan Expressway Perspective to the east, 1972

Can we imagine socially and environmentally responsible future mobilities?

What does the service station of the future look like and how will it perform?

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Site An

nalysis

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

The unrealised J2 of the M58 The site for the future service station is the unrealised J2 of the M58 Motorway. This is a key location for logistics and transport in the North West of England. The M58 is a link between the Liverpool port and one of the UK’s main NorthSouth arterial routes, the M6 motorway.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

On Different Scales Even though the site is located in an unpopulated and underdeveloped area, it is linked to nearby cities and the Liverpool port through the UK road network. This suggests how the new intervention on the site will have wider implications, and how infrastructure is inherently urban in its presence even when it is discreet in location.

BLACKPOOL

50 min

22 min BOOTLE

29 min LIVERPOOL

National Scale

Connection to national and international transportation through the motorway network and ports.

-potential stop for trade

Regional Scale

Connection

-only efficie -stop for tr

PRESTON

35 min

WIGAN

24 min

n to urban areas through major roads.

ent way to travel between towns is by car ravelers, commuters

Local Scale

The surrounding area is mainly agricultural land with farms.

- very disconnected from urban areas - no access to the motorway between J1 and J3 - local roads are underused and in poor conditions

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Immediate Context The immediate site is relatively unconstrained. The closest developments are few farmhouses and a water treatment work.

The proposal could be connected to this plant to provide water and treat wastewater. There are also small ponds and a brook on the South side of the motorway which should be considered in terms of flooding and potential recreation area.

Wind and Sun Angles

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

The Transp

port System

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Collage - Past, Present, Future To understand what the future role of the service station might be, the research first looks at the transport system in the UK and examine the changes in the past decade and the emerging new technological trends in mobility.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Current Service Stations

EURO GARAGES

‘ The space of non-place creates neither singular identity nor relations; only solitude, and similitude.’

341 filling sites

Service stations today are often seen as bleak spaces, which do not provide adequate service for drivers to rest and refresh. They can be also blamed for the health problems of regular users, as lorry drivers.

GAS/P

MARKET AWARENESS

PR E

CONVENIENCE

VAL

ENV A

Locations of 112 service stations in the UK based on the map by Transport Focus

Identified Issues: -Transitional places, which do not foster social interactions -Unhealthy food options -Lack of adequate rest spaces, places to excercise

Changing Trends: -Digital presence can invite more users -Alternative fuel sources for vehicles are emerging -Automation might eliminate issues HGV drivers are currently facing

NON-PLACES

Usually viewed as unpleasan transitional spaces. The use spends the minimum amount o time in the service station and rarely interacts with other visitors

WESTMORLAND

36 stations

6 stations

WELCOME BREAK

20 stations

ROADCHEF

45 stations

MOTO

10 stations

EXTRA

FREE WIFI

PETROL FUEL

ELECTRIC CHARGING POINTS

OPEN 24/7

MOBILE APPS

FACILITIES THINK CUSTOMER

SHOWER/ CHANGING ROOM

TRANSPARENCY

ROVIDE GOOD EXPERIENCE

LUES

CASH MACHINE

GAMER ROOM

HGV DRIVERS

DOG WALKING AREA

ACCOMMODATION

BUSINESS TRIPS

VIRONMENTAL AWARENESS

nt er of d s.

USERS FAMILIES

PRAYER ROOMS

SUPPORT LOCAL COMMUNITIES

COACH DRIVERS

MEETING ROOMS

TRAVEL FOR LEISURE

FRANCHISE FOOD AND BEVERAGE

SHOPS

LOCAL FOOD KITCHEN

LOCAL BUSINESSES FARM SHOP

PROGRAMME

Most service stations generate more than 50% of their profit from non-fuel sales.

Fast food and retail are the most popular, however, some sites provide other unconventional programs, as cinema or farm shop.

DIGITALISATION

UNIFORMITY

In the current trend, service stations are also becoming part of the digital system of transportation. Their online presence enables them to become part of the efficient movement of passengers and goods.

Because of their isolated location, the typology of the service station is unique.

With usually only responding to the roads, their facilities and characteristics are currently very similar on almost any site.

SUSTAINABILITY There is a new trend in sustainable service station design, however, in the climate emergency, their primary purpose of providing car fuel which leads to emissions has to be also reconsidered.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Road Transport in Flux

In the past century, the transport system has become increasingly complex in the UK. Transport modes were developed separately and due to the diverse institutional arrangements, it is complicated to integrate these into one network.

The ‘mobility revolution’ in the 20th century brought many economic benefits, however, it discluded the poorest sections of society. With the r of private car use and often inaccessible public facilities, spatial inequalities have increased between growing between urban and rural areas.

from the 1950s onwards, mass motorisation expanded further as the cost of motor vehicles fell

in the 1930s 34% of all trips in Manchester were made by bicycle, it is assumed that other UK cities had similar proportions of cycle use

by the late 1940s, the number of cycles in the UK peaked and cycling was second only to the bus as a means of commuting

walking was the commonest way of getting to work until the 1930s

by 1939, there were around 2 million motor vehicles in the UK

since the 19 transport de to the growt

bus transport peaked in the early 1950s, with passenger kilometres accounting for around 42% of all kilometres travelled

Britain was a motoring pioneer, mass production of cars already began before the World War I

WALKING CYCLING PRIVATE CAR once public motorised buses had started to replace horse-drawn buses and trams their use increased exponentially

PUBLIC ROAD TRANSPORT

it’s gradual decline began as private and public automobiles increased after World War I, with a rise in cycling

from around 1950 cycles declined as a mode of transport in the face of competition from motorbikes and private cars

public impac becau work o

Britain was relatively late to invest its motorways, but investment increased sharply from the early 9

a national road network, with classified A and B roads, was established in 1922

Brief history of road transport

Lines represent trends of use of transport modes, however, do not accurately depict measures and relationships to each other

1940

1950

1960

Identified Issues: -Decline in public transport -Risen spacial inequalities between urban and rural -Social inequality in accessibility to transport -Fragmented operation with diverse regulating bodies on various scales (national - local)

o ise

from the 1960s to the 1990s, transport policy was based on the ‘predict and provide’ principle, which meant estimating future traffic demand and building enough capacity to accommodate it

cities which have increased their dedicated cycling infrastructure have seen an overall growth in trips recently

950s public eclined mainly due th in car ownership

London has displayed strong ridership growth since the mid-1980s Currently Transport for London is responsible for running the day-today operation of London’s public transport network, which includes the underground, buses, trams, some rail services and its riverboat network

in the 1970s walking was the main way of commuting for 20-33% of the population in smaller cities and towns

c concern over the health and environmental cts of transport are long-standing in the UK, use of this, the country led much of the early on sustainable transport

the decline levelled off by the 1970s and bicycle use has fluctuated since, currently accounting for around 2% of all trips

t in

960s

1970

1980

1990

excepting London, passenger kilometres have broadly declined in the UK with buses now accounting for just 4% of the total distance travelled each year

2000

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

2010

Current Trends There is a growing intention to consider transportation as a system in the UK regulatory bodies and using the potentials of integrating different modes to create a more efficient public transport network (e.g. The Mayor of London Transport Strategy).

National road usage is extremely complex; usage patterns vary between freight and passenger transport, between rural and urban areas, across different geographical regions.

PUBLIC & PRIVATE

PRIVATE TRANSPORT

CAR

ROAD TRANSPORT in 2016 there were 31.7 million cars registered in the UK which figure has only increased since then

CONVENIENCE

PASSENGERS

continuing the trend experienced in the 20th century the UK has been growing dependence on cars during the 21st century

CONGESTION Modal share of passenger trips RAIL

2% 28%

WALKING, CYCLING

8% 4%

ROAD

2%

8% 59%

31% 8%

today 77% of all households have access to a car or van

PRIVATE

OWNERSHIP

80% 62%

8% PUBLIC TRANSPORT

Outer: trips/person/year Middle: miles/person/year Inner: public expenditure

car use varies with geography, in rural areas cars and vans dominate, accounting for 76% of trips

LCV

ROAD TRANSPORT

INEQUALITY

HGV services may cease on these routes

GOODS

OTHER

TAXI

(IN)EFFICIENCY ACCESSIBILITY

PUBLIC TRANSPORT

use of public transport is decreasing, over the period 1995-2017 total national bus mileage decreased by 7%

as many bus routes are run for profit if ridership falls, services are likely to be cut back or prices raised which can further decrease ridership

FLEXIBILIT

How goods are moved?

Which goods are moved Where goods are moved

Visual summary of current road transport trends

Identified Issues: -Dominance of private vehicles and the challenges of public transport -Inefficiency and negative impacts of last-mile distribution -In 2018 transport accounted for a third of all carbon dioxide emissions in the UK

PASSENGERS & GOODS

despite the growth in car ownership, car travel per person in England fell between 2002 and 2017

BEHAVIOUR CHANGES

number of licensed taxi numbers have decreased since 2015

E HIRE

number of private-hire vehicles has increased by 27% since 2015

Light commercial vehicles have seen the largest growth of any traffic segment in the UK since 1993

TY

? d? d?

however, population growth means that the total distance travelled in the UK each year has increased

EMISSIONS

FUTURE CHALLENGES

200 180 160

speculative design scenarios can be beneficial to identify future challenges

EMPLOYMENT difficulty in forecasting future transport demand

DIGITALISATION TIME

last-mile of freight is accounting for the most DISTRIBUTION CO2 per tonne moved

some growth in van use is due to the increase in online shopping, but service trades and food distribution remain key uses of these vehicles

around 30% of HGV mileage is run by empty vehicles

Change in vehicle miles driven 1993-2017 220

PLANNING AHEAD

LCV

EFFICIENCY

HGV CAR

HGV

140

changes in technology, society, and transport system which impact transport behaviour

unconstrained individual choices are likely not to result in the best outcome for the environment, society and economy

environmental impact of both private and public vehicles has to be reduced significantly

120 100 80

ROAD FREIGHT

Road transport is dominating the UK freight sector, with nearly 90% of freight is moved by road in Great Britain

Long-haul freight: ports, factories and national distribution centres

Regional distribution: national to regional distribution

centres and to out-of-town retail sites

in the near future new combination of vehicles could represent the public transport on the UK’s roads

Last mile: regional distribution centres to urban retailers and consumers

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Future Visions Large companies are investing in the research and development of new mobility technologies. There are many visions for the future of the transport system.

However, these future scenarios are usually technology and profit-driven rather than human. Becoming the operator of the whole system would also mean access to the data of all users.

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH

NI

‘Cle shar by th elec stat

DECARBONISATION HYDROGEN FUEL

ELECTRIFICATION

AMAZON Investment in mobility technologies

UNMA AER VEHIC

Aurora Innovation: automation Embark: automation Rivian: electrification delivery drones, robots

EHANG Urban Air Mobility Systems ‘We believe that UAM has the power to do for cities of the twenty-first century what automobiles did in the twentieth century’

Amazon’s Prime Air received approval to operate in the US

AUTOM SELF-DRIVING CARS

Emerging technologies and their proposed use by corporations

Identified Issues: -Large corporations are currently dominating the transport sector -Future mobility visions are usually out of context and is detached from society -No trends to limit constant growth and thus environmental impact of the sector

INTERNET OF THINGS

ISSAN | Foster+Partners Future of Mobility

DIGITALISATION

AI

ean, recycled energy would be red, managed and never wasted he people using it. Nissan ctric vehicles are the fuel tions of the future.’

BIG DATA

SMART SYSTEMS

WAYMO Google Self-Driving Car Project ‘We’re making it safe and easy to get around - without the need for anyone in the driver’s seat’

DRONES

ANNED RIAL CLES

NEW MODES

HYPERLOOP

SHARING ECONOMY

INTEGRATED SYSTEM

DROIDS

POWERED EXOSKELETONS

MATION LIVING LABORATORY

TOYOTA | BIG Woven City ‘living laboratory, where full-time residents and researchers will be able to test and develop technologies’

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Concept Inv

nvestigation

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

An Integrated Transport System After identifying major issues present in transportation today, the project proposes a speculative context where the transport system is publicly operated and fully integrated via automation and digitalisation. This system is aimed to ensure accessibility, environmentally conscious operation, and efficiency.

Speculative Context

Inte into

EUR

ELEC

HYD

AUT

SEL

INT FO SE MO

V

Mobility in 2071: -Movement of vehicles are centrally controlled to ensure the most efficient usage -Constant monitoring of emitions and proactive measures -Only publicly owned vehicles (limited number) -Transport modes working as a sharing economy -Accessible mobility provided in most parts of the country -Mostly self-driving cars (there is oportunity to hire a human-driven car)

egration of Service Stations o the System

RO GARAGES

CTRIFICATION

EXTRA

2021

MOTO

ROADCHEF

WELCOME BREAK

WESTMORLAND

DROIDS

DIGITALISATION

DRONES

AI

DROGEN FUEL

SMART SYSTEMS

2050 POWERED EXOSKELETONS

INTEGRATED TRANSPORT SYSTEM

BIG DATA

TOMATION UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES

VEHICLES

SHARING ECONOMY

FUTURE SERVICE STATIONS

LF-DRIVING CARS

TERCANGE OR EAMLESS OBILITIES

INTERNET OF THINGS

NODE FOR SHARING ECOMONY

LOCAL VALUE CREATION

ACCESSIBLE PUBLIC PLACES

CENTRALLY CONTROLLED

DIGITAL COPY OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

GOODS

LOCAL COMMUNITY

PASSENGERS

AI

DATA

2071

Potential Programmes and Users of Future Service Stations

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Future Service Stations In the context of public seamless mobilities, service stations can become hubs for maintenance and parking, and interchanges where the physical and digital flows of the transport system meet and exchange. They turn into microcosms of fragments of the transport system itself, where the incredibly complex relationships materialise.

What are the social implications of the new transport technologies?

How will the different players of the transport system interact?

How will the different scales of the integrated system intertwine in the service station?

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Speculative Context - Transport System To store and process all the data for the national system, the transport network would be divided into regions that operate and have their digital copy of their region but would be connected to an overall cloud. Service stations could become these control centers, managing and servicing the transport flows both physically and digitally. Each station could also respond to its context, answering different geographical or social needs and create value locally.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Speculative Context - Site The building would accommodate many programs needed to run the seamless system. The data center is responsible for the operation. An interchange for different types of vehicles ensures the seamless transition of goods and vehicles.

A delivery station would ensure freight is stored and prepared for last-mile distribution. Accommodations would be available for waiting passengers. With the integrated system, these buildings would also become highly complex. A new typology would be introduced into the English landscape.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Speculative Context - Building Managing all the inward and outward flows, the building needs an operating system on its own. Artificial intelligence is overseeing the processes, while automated robots and staff work together to carry out the loading, unloading.

Expanding upwards to minimise the impact on the landscape, the vertical circulation becomes equally important to horizontal movement. In the building, people can witness the complexities behind the system they are using.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Programme - Flows To determine the programmes in the service station, the spaces needed for different users and vehicles were considered.

The middle diagram shows how the building would create access to and from the surrounding rural area and would also become a real-time transport monitoring point.

GROUND VEHICLES

OUTBOUND

SELF-DRIVING

CLEANING

PHYSICAL

GETTING ON/OFF

SOFTWARE

MAINTENANCE

MANUAL LOAD/UNLOAD

ELECTRIC

PARKING

CHECK POINT

RE

LTU

ICU

R AG

PAYMENT HYDROGEN

CHARGING

CHA

ST AF

F

PAR

MAINT

CLE

LOAD/ HUMAN-DRIVEN LANE

CYBER SECURITY CHECK EMISSIONS MONITORING

ACCOM

TS BO O

R

RESTAURANT

DISTRIBUTION CENTRE

RESTING AREA

PAYMENT

PL

AN

DATA CENTRE

SHORT STAY

VISUAL ACCESS

ARRIVAL

PEOPLE

DATA CENTRE

LONGER STAY

PUBLIC DATA

EXIT

CHANGING VEHICLE

REST

ACCOMMODATION

TS

AERIAL VEHICLES OUTBOUND

MAINTENANCE

PHYSICAL

AN

LOAD/UNLOAD

CLEANING

GETTING ON/OFF

SOFTWARE

IMA

LS CHARGING PAYMENT

ARGING

ELECTRIC

RKING

PARKING

TENANCE

AI

EANING

/UNLOAD

EMISSIONS MONITORING CYBER SECURITY CHECK SELF-DRIVEN LANE

D

TAURANT

AT A

MMODATION

C PLACES CENTRE

MAINTENANCE

OUTBOUND PAYMENT

RVE

ESE

ER

UR NAT

LOAD/UNLOAD

GETTING ON/OFF

CLEANING

HS2

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Programme - Adjacency Study The requirements of different transport modes were further considered spatially in adjacency diagrams.

The spatial relationships have to be considered for different scenarios rather than a single journey of programmes, as the need for services and waiting time of incoming vehicles, passengers will differ in various cases.

PARKING + SLOW CHARGING -Electric charging station -Parking for longer time

EXIT

EXIT PARKING

MAINTENANCE AREA -Cleaning -Checkup -Repair

DISTRIBUTION CENTRE -Goods are loaded/unloaded

RAPID CHARGING

-Parking private rentable cars

EXIT

-Hydrogen charging station

RAPID CHARGING

STATION -Passengers getting on/off -Connection with other transport modes -Access to public programmes

ENTRANCE

CHECKPOINT -Online driver license / car rent check -Emissions check

-Hydrogen charging station

STATION MAINTENANCE AREA -Cleaning -Checkup -Repair

ENTRANCE

-Passengers getting on -Connection with other modes -Access to public progr

ENTRAN

SELF-DRIVING CARS

HUMAN-DRIVEN CARS

HIGH SPEED TRAIN

TIME AT INTERCHANGE

TIME AT INTERCHANGE

1. No need for charging or maintenance, only load/reload and passenger transit > SHORT WAITING TIME

1. Just passing through, license is checked online (occasional control) > SHORT WAITING TIME

TIME AT INTERCHA

2. Need for fast charging / cleaning > MEDIUM WAITING TIME

2. Need for fast charging / cleaning, or driver stops for eating an taking a rest > MEDIUM WAITING TIME

-to maximise efficiency most vehicles carry both goods and passengers -the tasks carried out by the driver originally are transferred to the service station (vehicle maintenance, cleaning, loading, etc.)

3. Completed tasks, waiting is needed to fill up capacity > LONG WAITING TIME

-opportunity to rent cars for driving manually -all cars in public ownership (limited number of these vehicles to control emission rates) -the interchanges are check points for these vehicles

3. Vehicle is returned from rent > LONG WAITING TIME

-built above existing mo public transport betwee -goods are loaded rapid passengers -the interchange is a ru

1. Only waits at the inte > SHORT WAITING TI

ACCOMMODATION

MAINTENANCE AREA

T

-Cleaning -Checkup -Repair

DISTRIBUTION CENTRE -Goods are loaded

n/off r transport

EXIT

PARKING

-Rentable living pods

EXIT

-Parking until next commission

VIEWPOINT

CHARGING -Electric charging station

DISTRIBUTION CENTRE

STATION

-Goods are loaded/unloaded

-Transit between different vehicles -Main public area

STATION

EATERY

RESTING AREA

ENTRANCE

ENTRANCE

AERIAL VEHICLES

PEOPLE

ural stop

-mostly carry delivery goods, but also passengers in some cases -they need regular maintenance -weather information also effect their usage, beside efficiency

ANGE

TIME AT INTERCHANGE

TIME AT INTERCHANGE

1. No need for charging or maintenance, only load/reload goods > SHORT WAITING TIME

1. Immediate transit > SHORT WAITING TIME

erchange as a regular stop IME

WALKING PATH

-Passenger access

NCE

otorway to provide en cities dly as the train stops for

-Visual access into the working of the system

CHANGING ROOM

rammes

N

EDUCATIONAL PLATFORM

2. Need for charging / cleaning / maintenance > MEDIUM WAITING TIME 3. Completed tasks and waiting is needed for new task, or weather condition is poor > LONG WAITING TIME

-the interchange is both a transitional place, but also a monument which physically manifests the complexities of the transport networks -there are staff working at the interchange (access to accommodation on site)

2. Having a waiting time before the next trip (either on purpose or due to waiting time in the system) > MEDIUM WAITING TIME 3. Passenger stays overnight, some staff temporarily live at the station > LONG WAITING TIME

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Programme - Relationships The programmes increase in privacy upwards.

Public services are placed above distribution center and the vehicle stations to allow visitors to see the processes in the building and to foster relationships between humans and machines.

But how would machines and people interact? Comics were used to think about the different perspectives.

SHARING ECONOMY

SYSTEM DATA

DATA CENTER

DATA CENTER COMPUTING RESOURCES

MATERIAL WASTE STORAGE

ACCOMMODATIONS

-to store and process the large amount of data from the transport system -Tier 3/4: protection against physical events and providing redundant-capacity components -uninterruptible power supplies -ventilation / cooling / fire protection -backup generator

MATERIAL STORAGE

-to store parts from broken down vehicles for reuse

ACCOMMODATIONS

-rentable accommodations for passengers and staff

PUBLIC SERVICES

PUBLIC SERVICES

-public programme for waiting passengers -interaction with central AI -the flows and complex processes in the building can be observed -eateries -resting area -walking path inside -viewpoint -changing room -prayer room

DISTRIBUTION CENTER

-to store and organise goods for last-mile distribution

DISTRIBUTION CENTRE

-automated machines and staff -coordinated with vehicle flow

AERIAL STATION AERIAL VEHICLES

AERIAL STATION

-landing station / on and off load -maintenance and cleaning -charging and parking -weather monitoring

TRAIN STATION HIGH SPEED TRAIN

TRAIN STATION

-rural stop for high speed train -short loading time

CAR STATION GROUND VEHICLES

Programmatic Diagram

CAR STATION

-station / on and off load -maintenance and cleaning -charging and parking -performance monitoring / licence contro

ol

AI Perspective -drone #0415 to Gate2 -send parcel #63Ah5 to station in Gloucester -person #615437 is smiling -robotic arm to lower to unload train cargo .......

The AI is overlooking every digital data flow in the building. It also tracks visitors’ behavior and mood, however, a passenger’s mobile phone provides much more information to it than the person. The AI process an incredible amount of data, but a bird nesting in the building would avoid its attention.

Machine Perspective -13 detected humans -obstacle in 50m!

-obstacle in 150m!

-unidentified flying object to the right!

-cargo to be delivered to station in 2 min ...

Automated robots run by the same software are programmed to avoid clashing. To detect other objects in their surroundings they use cameras.

This portrays a similar vision with humans, however, they make sense of the information very differently.

Hi, John!

-moving obstacle to the right!

This place is amazing!

I can almost touch the delivery drones...

Hi, Paul! What a nice surprise to meet you here!

Human Perspective In the building, visitors have an opportunity to share the same space with automated vehicles and robots safely, however, the most important relationships are still to be formed between people.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Programme - Scale Vehicle dimensions will determine the scale of spaces in the station, and the restrictions in vehicle movements will have to be considered for turning points and ramps. The largest areas in the building will be the parking spaces and roads, the delivery center and the cargo circulation spaces, the data center, and the stations.

10 HIGH SPEED TRAIN

4.5 m

3m

HEAVY GOODS VEHICLE

00

200 m

4m 3m

14.2 m

10 2-AXLE TRUCK

2m

PASSENGER CAR

1.5 m

3m

7m

1.9 m

4.9 m

1.8 m

4.8 m

1.5 m 2.7 m

1.8 m

AUTONOMOUS AERIAL VEHICLE

00

0

3.2 m

LIGHT COMMERCIAL VEHICLE

MICROCAR

0m

1.5 m

moc.sledomgwd

moc.sledomgwd

moc.sledomgwd

3.8 m

3.9 m

Vehicle Types And Dimensions

10

0

10

m

m2

2

50

0m

00

m2

2

m

2

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Prece

edents

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Collage - Fun Palace To translate the programmatic ideas into architecture, both speculative and completed projects were studied as precedents. The project aims to use new technologies to create better experiences for visitors rather than develop the design around these mechanics.

‘Technology is the answer, but what was the question?’ - Cedric Price

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Megastructures The initial proposal for a mobility operation node would require a huge structure. This approach to bring all these aspects of mobility into one building is very similar to the concept of a megastructure, a giant, multi-purpose building containing most of the functions of a city. The decision to create a monument was made to be able to speculate on the complexities of the future of transportation through the design, which becomes a snapshot of the whole system.

METABOLISM -

-the structure is c -permanent struc -modularity, prefa

Stadt Ragnitz / Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth

ARCHIGRAM - T

-rethinking the re -system of tubes -cranes for movin

Marine City / Kiyonoiri Kikutake

Fun Palace / Cedric Price

continuously adapting to need ctural core with services and plug-in pods abrication, adaptability

-playfulness and wonder in design -designing for user experience -flexible framework into which programmes can be plugged in

The Plug-In City / Peter Cook

Stadt Ragnitz / Günther Domenig, Eilfried Huth

elationship of technology, society and architecture for people and goods ng elements, inflatable structures

-interlocking of vertical and horizontal elements -connection of pod units from synthetic materials to main frame Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Movement As a result of the constant flows in the building and the different transport modes, movement and circulation become a key strategy of the design to establish the desired user experience. The different types of movements present in the building can also manifest themselves in the architecture to provide visual clarity for various programmes.

WALKWAYS -

-different geome -connections be -visual represen

LAYERS - Expo 2000 / MVRDV -different characteristics of levels reflect programmatic

TRACK - Lingo

-vertical journey -central open sp -building shape

Pedestrian Hong Kong / Cities Without Ground

RAMP - Marina City Car Park / Bertrand Goldberg

etries for pedestrian paths etween different levels ntation of walkways

-ramp becomes the building envelope -visibility of cars and parking -architecture shaped by car movement

otto Factory / Giacomo Mattè-Trucco

ELEVATOR - Mole Antonelliana / Alessandro Antonelli

y of manufactured car paces e designed around car movement

-panoramic lift to roof Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Technology Technological innovations are important considerations in the project. Designed for 2071, current robotics will be considered and potentially thought further to create the mechanics inside the building. The design is proposed to be heavily technology driven with moveable elements where vehicle movements are restricted.

VERTICAL - Pn

-tube system to -exposed mech

VERTICAL - The Car Towers / Autostadt -the operation of the building becomes a turist attraction

VERTICAL - Th

-central car elev -efficient space -visitors can als

neumatic Tube System

HORIZONTAL - Ocado automated warehouse

o transfer small parcels quickly inside the building anics

-robots moving across a grid with the goods being underneath -operated by software -unique movement pattern

he Car Towers / Autostadt

HORIZONTAL - Amazon Robotics

vator with parking places around e usage for car parking so experience the lift in a glass cabin

-mobile bots moving around following computerized bar-code stickers on the floor -robotic arms for lifting goods

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Digitalisation Similarly to physical technologies, the building would also aim to expose the hidden flows of digital technologies to the public. This is considered by revealing the physical machinery behind storing and processing data, and by using digital effects to interact with users.

AI- Ada Pavilio

-AI interacting w expressions and -hanging pavilio

SPECULATIVE PROJECT Sustainable Data Center In Iceland / Valeria Mercuri, Marco Merletti -data skyscraper -expandable upwards -central atrium for cooling strategy

DATA CENTER

-open plan, larg -colourful ventil

on / Jenny Sabin

with visitors through monitoring facial d change lighting effects accordingly on structure

R - Google / Lenoir, North Carolina

ge ceiling height for servers lation system design Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Programme D

Development

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Masterplan The conceptual masterplans show how on the national scale the service stations would be part of a network of transportation nodes, while on the local scale they would create value specific to their context.

In the case of the M58 J2, the building would provide access to an agricultural area, which is proposed to be redeveloped by 2071 to be more productive and also provide amenities for the public.

Local Masterplan

National M

Masterplan

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Concept Section 1 In the first conceptual section vertical movement in the building is mostly provided by machinery. Vehicles entering the building become similar to parcels, being distributed and moved to their designated charging and parking areas.

Data Center and AI Accommodations Public Services Storage and Distribution Area Aerial Vehicle Station Train Station Car Interchange

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Movement Study To emphasize the different modes of transport meeting in the building, the structure was reconsidered to reflect the different kinds of movements of vehicles. The architecture of spaces is proposed to be shaped by the way the vehicles are moving inside them.

DRONE MOVEMENT -hover -climb -descend

-free movement -shortest routes

PASSENGER MOVEMENT CAR MOVEMENT -turn/round -large space requirements

-vertical -horizontal motion -on track

ROBOTIC MOVEMENT

ITERATION 1

ITERATION 2

ITERATION 3

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Concept Section 2 The updated conceptual section reflects the intentions set out on the previous page. The architectural aim is to create spaces that could be associated with its users just by their spatial expressions.

Data Center Accommodations Public Services Storage and Distribution Area Aerial Vehicle Station Train Station Car Interchange

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Axonometric Study The axonometric diagram was made to study the 3 dimensional relationships between the different paths in the building. Relationships between levels and routes have to be further investigated in a 3D model.

Environmental Considerations

CIRCULAR PROCESSES Considering the complex exchanges in the building, the processes will be considered to feed into each other to minimise waste (both material and energy related).

MATERIAL CHOICES The building structure will be chosen according to the expected life-spans of the spaces. Robust materials will be used for the structural frame, while programmatic spaces will consider more sustainable and recyclable materials to be able to adapt to change.

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING The building will monitor the emissions of vehicles pathing through. The operational system of the transport network will also consider environmental impact by restricting vehicle use.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

1:500 Sketch Plan of Service Station The initial plan showing connection between North and South bound with main spaces of the vehicle interchanges.

6.

7.

5.

8.

2.

3.

4.

1.

Public platforms

2.

Open atrium for car and bicycle ramps

3.

Rapid car charging area

4.

Restaurant and terrace towards rural area

5.

Aerial vehicle and drone tower

6.

Cargo storage and sortation

7.

Platform for incoming goods from train

8.

Walkways between North and South bound

1.

4.

2.

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3.

5.

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6.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Initial Plan of Interchange Initial plan of North bound. It shows a lower storey to the previous plan, where cars and trains enter the building.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Initial Section of Interchange Section showing the large open atrium of the interchange with the different routes of vehicles. The spaces are shaped for passengers to be able to observe all the processes in the building, from vehicle maintenance to distribution procedures.

7.

1.

Staff Housing Units and Gateway to Nature Reserve

2.

Rentable Retail Spaces

3.

Public Viewing Platforms

4.

Human-Driven (Microcar) Charging Area

5.

Recreational Area

6.

Car Parking

7.

Outdoor Green Space for AAV Passengers

8.

Autonomous Aerial Vehicle (AAV) Station Entry

9.

AAV and Drone Tower

10.

Delivery Distribution and Storage Area

11.

Car Cleaning Area

12.

Car Maintenance Area

13.

Car Loading/Unloading Area

14.

HGV Loading/Unloading Area

15.

Atrium for Vehicle and Human Vertical Circulation

6.

5.

4.

1.

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11.

12.

15.

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3.

14.

2.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

3.1. Reflections

Position The project is situated in a speculative context where the transport system is integrated, in 2071. The design aims to explore the spatial, social, and environmental implications of the new technologies and the emerging relationships between people and machines.

Proposition The building is considered to be a snapshot of the whole system, integrating physical and digital processes into one monumental structure. The spaces include an interchange for seamless mobilities, delivery sortation center, vehicle maintenance and parking areas, public programmes, accommodations, and a data farm.

Proposal The architectural language has been developed around the different movements in the building. The most important aspect of the design is the interfaces between these different types of spaces and the experiences created by them. The programme is to be fully exposed to visitors.

Intentions for 3. 2 1. To develop the design in 3D, with digital and physical modelling.

2. To establish a circulation strategy.

3. To zoom into chosen areas of the building and speculate on the experiences of the visitors.

4. To think about materiality and buildability.

5. To resolve a small part of the building structurally.

Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space

Reference List

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. [Online] [Accessed on 12th January 2021] https://www.thesun.co.uk/motors/4692652/the-best-and-worst-motorway-service-stations-in-

esight Government office for Science

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0140822-the-odd-way-robots-see-the-world

an_Plastic_International_Rescue/Ehang_184_Quadcopter_Drone.htm

port-and-vehicle-information cd/E19088-01/v445.srvr/819-5730-10/rackmount.html#83609

ction/rub/rub-317.html?authID=90&ensembleID=275

1] https://www.moma.org/collection/works/842

megastructure-kiyonori-kikutake/

ction/rub/rub-317.html?authID=90&ensembleID=275 chdaily.com/399329/ad-classics-the-plug-in-city-peter-cook-archigram#:~:text=Between%201960%20and%201974%20Archigram,a%20

grams/blueprintforliving/iconic-buildings-fiat-factory/6694502#:~:text=With%20its%20vast%20workshops%20and,an%20icon%20of%20

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tps://www.wired.com/story/amazon-warehouse-robots/ ww.youtube.com/watch?v=4DKrcpa8Z_E

per-sustainable-data-center-in-iceland/

om/2012/10/ff-inside-google-data-center/ Mylan Thuroczy / Infra-Space