Interreligious dialogue by mark (philo)

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bmomw&mrsm;tcsi;f csi;f ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; rmuk ('贸e)

rmuk ('贸e)

2 rmwd u m

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pmrsufESm trSmpum; (*dkPf;csKyfq&mawmfBuD;csm;pfbdk) 2 trSmpum; (pma&;ol) 3 1/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm;\wlnDaomtcsufwcsdKU 9 2/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; 11 3/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; rnfuJhodkU tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fMuygrnfenf; 15 4/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,f&jcif;rSm 29 5/ wpfc&D;wnf;oGm;aeMuonfh bk&m;zl;{nfhonfrsm; 37 6/ bmhaMumifh udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fzdkU vdktyfygovJ 43 7/ trdajrESifh bmomw&m;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; 47 8/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,f&mwGif &dSoifhonfh pdwfaepdwfxm; 55 9/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; taMumif;uufovpfomoemawmf\ oifMum;csuf 59 10/ ,HkMunfrIESifh,Ofaus;rI ,SOfwGJ&dSaejcif; 71 11/ tm&Swdkufq&mawmfMuD;rsm;z,f'a&;&Sif;\ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;taMumif;oifMum;csuf 73 12/ usrf;nTef; 81

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rsufarmufacwfcsdefcgor,udk ]]udk;uG,frIbmomw&m; BuD;rsm;\ wwd,ajrmufordkif;0iftcsdeftcg}} [k ac:csifygonf/ tb,f a Mumif h q d k a omf o'¨ g ud k abmif c wf o wf r S w f x m;onf h bmomw&m;rsm;rS o nf yG i f h v if ; jzLpif o nf h urÇ m h u d k ; uG , f r I bmomw&m;rsm;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKvmaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ odkUaomf ,aeUurÇmBuD;ay:wGif bmoma&;t,loD;rIrsm;? rsuf E S m omay; buf v d k u f a ejcif ; rsm; &d S a eao;wmud k v nf ; pdwfraumif;pGm owdjyKrdygonf/ xdkwpf,loefpdwfrsm; yaysmuf ygrSom vlom;xkwpfckvHk; udk,fpdwfESvHk; csrf;ajrUMuygvdrfhrnf/ &[ef;rif;Bu;D 'kw, d ajrmuf a,m[ef aygvl;uvnf; ]]bmom qdw k m tjiif ; yG m ;rI r sm;twG u f qif a jcay;,d k ; r,f z G J U p&mwpf c k tvsif;r[kwfyg/ txl;ojzifh bmomESifhvlrsdK; xyfwljzpf&r,f[k b,f a wmh r S bmomud k ,d k ; r,f r zG J U &bl ; / bmomw&m;ES i f h Nidrf;csrf;a&;[m twlwl &dSaew,f}}[k qHk;rygonf/ xd k U aMumif h ud k ; uG , f r I b momw&m;tcsif ; csif ; ES D ; aES m zvS,fMuum twl,SOfwGJaexdkifMuzdkU txl;vdktyfvSygonf/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmjcif;taMumif;

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ajymwd k i f ; em;vnf v G J w wf M uwmrd k U bmomw&m;rsm; ES D ; aES m zvS,fjcif;taMumif; þpmtkyfwGif t"dyÜg,fzGifhum &Sif;qdkxm; ygonf/ þpmtk y f i ,f w G i f uufovpfomoemawmfBuD;ESifhwuG tm&Swu kd f uufovpfq&mawmfBuD;rsm; z,f'a&;&Sif;nDvmcHMuD;rS udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fMu&ef zdwfac: wdkufwGef;csufESifh oGefoifcsufrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/ tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,f&mrSm &dSoifhonfhpdwfaepdwfxm;ESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;\ &nf&G,fcsufudk a&;jyxm;ygao;onf/ c&pf , mef b momud k em;vnf v G J w wf M uwmaMumif h c&pf,mefESifh c&pf,mefbmomtaMumif; twdkjcHK;a&;om;xm;yHk udkvnf; avhvmzwf&IEdkifygonf/ urÇ m h N id r f ; csrf ; a&;? Ed k i f i H w G i f ; jid r f ; csrf ; a&;? rd o m;pk r sm; jidrf;csrf;a&;&&dSEdkifzdkU jrifhjrwfonfhraemESifh twÅuif;onfhpdwfxm; rsm; vdktyfygonf/ xdkjrifhjrwfonfh pdwfaepdwfxm;rsm;udk bmom w&m;rsm;\ qHk;roGefoifcsufrsm;ESifh aygif;vkdufygu at;csrf;onfh urÇmwpfckwnfaqmufEdkifr,f[k uRefawmf tav;teuf,HkMunf ygonf/ xd k U aMumif h vl w d k i f ; vl w d k i f ; rd r d w d k U \ rpd ä & d , pd w f u d k z,f & S m ;Ek d i f M uum? rd r d w pf O D ; pD \ tZö s wå j id r f ; csrf ; rI & &d S ½ H k o mru avmuurÇ m BuD ; wpf c k v H k ; yg Nid r f ; at;om,mvmygvd r f h r nf [ k ,HkMunfarQmfvifhrdygonf/ rmuk ('óe)

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udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm;\ wlnDaomtcsufwcsdKU 1984 ESihf 1986 ckEpS rf sm;u tar&duefEikd if ?H aumfavmf &m;'dk;jynfe,f? pEdk;rmhpfNrdKU? pdefbufeuf'pf uufovpf&aoh ausmif;awmfrSm urÇmhbmomBuD;rsm;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; tpDtpOfwpfck jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ xd k t pD t pOf B uD ; ud k Ak ' ¨ b mom? wd A uf A k ' ¨ b mom? [dE´Lbmom? *sL;bmom? tpövmrfbmom? &k&Sm;Moaomfa'gYpf? ya&mwufpwefc&pf,meftoif;rsm; (Protestant)ESifh uufovpf c&pf,mefbmomrS udk,fpm;vS,frsm; wufa&mufcJhMuygonf/ xdktpDtpOftwGif; udk,fpm;vS,fawmfBuD;rsm;tm;vHk; wdkUonf rdrdwdkYbmomtwdkif; qdwfNidrfpGmqkawmif;&if; rdrdwdkU ,HMk unf&mbmomrsm;\ oifMum;csurf sm;udk a0rQyUkd cscMhJ u ygonf/ txl ; ojzif h urÇ m h v l o m;xk B uD ; wpf c k v H k ; ud k tusd K ;jyK rnf h wl n D a ombmomw&m;,H k M unf & mrsm;ud k aqG ; aEG ; wif j y cJMh uygonf/

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olwdkYwifjycJhMuonfh wlnDcsufrsm;rSm... urÇmb h momBu;D rsm;tm;vH;k u ]]tjrifq h ;kH yk*K¾d vaf wmf jrwf (od k Y ) tjrif h q H k ; aomtjzpf a wmf } } (Ultimate Reality) ud k vufcHMuygonf/ xdktjzpfawmfudk jA[®m (Brahman)? tv’m[f (Allah)? bk&m; (God)? vHk;0OókHjynfhpHkjcif; (Absolute)? edAÁmef (Nirvana) ponfjzifh ac:a0:Muygonff/ xd k t qH k ; tpG e f t jrif h j rwf q H k ; aomtjzpf a wmf u d k vlUpum;vHk;rsm;ESifh jynfhpHkpGmt"dyÜg,fzGifhqdk azmfjyEdkifpGrf;r½Sdyg[k tm;vHk;u vufcHMuygonf/ tqHk;tpGefjrifhjrwfoefU&Sif;awmfrlaom xdktjzpfawmf onfom vlom;wdUk arQmv f ifah wmifw h onfh jynfph jkH cif;ESihf wpfaeUrSm &,lEdkifpGrf;onfht&m jzpfygonf (the ground of infinite potentiality and actualization)/

bmomw&m;rsm;udk ,HMk unfouf0ifjcif; (o'¨g? faith) onf xdktjrifhqHk;tjzpfawmfxHawmfodkY a&muf&dSEdkif&ef vrf;om jzpf\f/ The potential for human wholeness [kac:onfh wpfaeY rSm vl o m;wd k U &Ed k i f p G r f ; onf h j ynf h p H k j cif ; ? wpf e nf ; tm;jzif h todÓPfyGifhvif;jcif; (Enlightenment)? u,fwifjcif; (Salvation)? tqif;toGiaf jymif;jcif; (Tranformation)? oef½Y iS ;f jrifjh rwfjcif; (Blessedness)? edAÁmef (Nirvana) tp½SdonfwdkYonf vlwpfOD;pD wdkif;rSm ½Sad eygonf/ tjrif h j rwf q H k ; tjzpf a wmf u d k bmoma&;tusif h o D v rsm;jzifhomrubJ obm0w&m;tm;jzifh (through nature)? tEk ynmrsm; (art) tm;jzif h ? vl o m;wpf O D ; ES i f h wpf O D ; aygif ; oif ;

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qufqHjcif;tm;jzifh? wpfyg;olrsm;tm; ulnDay;jcif;? tapcHrI jyKjcif;tm;jzifhvnf; cHpm;Edkifygonf/ xdktjrifhqHk;tjzpfawmfrS a0;uGmae&oí vlUtjzpf tajctaeonf rod r I (tnmP? ignorance)? tjrif r Munf vifarSmufrSm;jcif; (illusion)? tm;enf;rI (weakness) ESifh 'ku© (suffering) omjzpfaeygawmhonf/ ,HkMunfolrsm;\toufwmrSm enf;vrf;rSefuefaom w&m;tm;xkwfrIrsm; vdktyfygonf/ xdkwdusrSefuefaom w&m; tm;xkwfusifhaqmufwnfrIrsm;rSm...

- cspfjcif;arwåmbm0emyGm;rsm;jcif; (practice of compassion)?

- wpfyg;olrsm;tm; ay;urf;axmufyhHjcif;ESifh tapcHrIjyKjcif; (service to others)?

- yg&rDqnf;yl;jcif;ESihf ud, k u f siw hf &m;aqmufwnfjcif; (practicing moral precepts and virtues)?

- w&m;"r®qD;jzef;jcif;ESifh ur®Xmef;;xdkifjcif; (meditation)?

- tpm;tpma½G;cs,fpm;aomufjcif; (attention to diet)?

- Oykoaf pmifjh cif;? tpma½Smifjcif;? NcKd ;NcjH cif; (fasting and abstinence)?

- jrL;aph? "r®ocD si;f oDqjkd cif;ESihf bmomoauFwrsm; toH;k jyKjcif; (the use of music and chanting and sacred symbols)

- tm½HkjyKjcif;rsm;? owdyXmef;jyKjcif;ESifh (awareness? mindfulness) -

ypöKyÜHtcsdefrSmomaexdkifjcif; (living in the present moment)?

- bk&m;zl;c&D;oGm;jcif; (pilgrimage)?

- usrf;*efrsm;udk oif,lrSwfom;jcif;?

- teaEÅmteEÅ*dkPf;0if rdbESifhq&morm;rsm;udk ½dkaoav;

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pm;jcif;?

- oef½Y iS ;f aompum;vH;k rsm; ½Gwq f jkd cif; (Oyrm - *gxm? rEÅ,m;rsm;)?

- wpfOD;wnf;jzpfap? trsm;ESifhjzpfap udk,fpdwfESvHk;qdwfNidrfpGm aejcif;udk wefzdk;xm;jcif;?

- omoemhtoif;tzGJUrsm;?

- aus;Zl ; od w wf j cif ; ES i f h ES d r f h c sjcif ; rsm;onf w&m;bm0em aqmufwnfaeolrsm;twGuf r½Sdrjzpfvdktyfjcif;?

- bk&m;½Sdcdk;qkawmif;arwåmjyKjcif;onf tjrifhjrwfqHk;aom tjzpfawmfESifhaygif;pyfjcif;jzpf\/ txufygtcsufrsm;udkMunfhjcif;jzifh udk;uG,frIbmom w&m;rsm;wGif wlnDaomtcsuftvufrsm;ESifh ,HkMunf&mrsm;½Sd aew,fqw kd m thMH op&maumif;avmufatmif rSwo f m;&ygonf/ ta&;BuD ; wmu bmomwd k i f ; rS ,H k M unf o l r sm;onf wpfyg;olrsm;udk em;vnfzdkYvdktyfygonf/ vlwdkif;vlwdkif; rdrdbmomESifh ,HkMunf&mrsm;udk *kPf,l Muwmcsnf;yifjzpf\/ rdrdtwGuf wefzdk;te*¾xdkufonfh &wem rsm;jzpfygonf/ rd r d t wG u f tjcm;bmomwpf c k [ m b,f a vmuf y if xl;qef;aeygap? xdkbmomudk MunfndKolwdkUtwGufrSmawmh wefzdk;rjzwfEdkifonfh MunfndK&mrsm; jzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;? wpfbmomESifh wpfbmom tjyeftvSefav;pm;zdkY vdktyfygonf/ b

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? ESpf ? ud;k uG,rf b I momw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif;1 (Interreligious Dialogue)

t*Fvyd pf um;vH;k Dialogue udk omreftm;jzifh ]]aqG; aEG;jcif;? tjyeftvSefpum;ajymjcif;}}[k vlwdkif; em;vnfMu ygonf/ a&SUaqmift*Fvyd -f jrefrmtbd"mefxrJ mS Dialogue udk ]]aqG;aEG;jcif;? tcsDtcspum;ajymjcif;}}[k bmomjyefqdkygonf/ Dialogue udk Interreligious (udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;) qdkonfh pum;vHk;ESifhwGJum Interreligious Dialogue [kvnf; ac:avh&dSygonf/ Dialogue pum;vHk;wpfckwnf;udk jrefrmjyefqdkygu ]]aqG; aEG;jcif;}} [k em;vnfvufcHEdkifygaomfvnf; ]]bmomw&m;rsm; tcsi;f csi;f }}ESiw hf u JG m ]]bmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;aqG;aEG;jcif;}}[k 1/ "What is Interreligious Dialogue?" in Dialogue: Resource Manual for Catholics in Asia, Federation of Asian Bishops' Conferences, 2001, p. 181.

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bmomjyefqdkygu rjynfhpHkyg/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ]]aqG;aEG;jcif;}}onf ]]uGJjym;&m rsm;}}udk wlnDpGmvufcHEkdif&ef n搂d,ljcif;rnf\/ ]]olrSm;w,f}} ]]igrSefw,f}} qdkonfh tqHk;tjzwfESifh tajctwifpum;ajym jcif;rsm;vnf; yg0ifayrnf/ wpf,loefpdwfrsm;vnf; rodrom a&mygaeEdik yf grnf/ xdkUaMumifh Interreligious Dialogue qdkonfh pum;vHk;udk ]]udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;}}[k jrefrmjyefq&kd ygrnf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf ]]ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;}}jzifh ]]rdrd udk;uG,f&mbmomw&m;\ tqHk;trrsm;? rdrd"avhxHk;wrf;ESifh rdrd,HkMunfrIrsm;udk ajymjyoufaocHEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ ]]udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;}}jzifh ol w pf y g; ud k ; uG , f & mbmomw&m;ud k oif , l r S w f o m;Ed k i f aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ ud;k uG,rf b I momw&m;rsm; tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzvS,f jcif;[k Mum;vd k u f w mES i f h c suf j cif ; &if q d k i f j cif ; ? pum;&nf v k j cif ; ? omomxdk;xdk; pum;ajymjcif;[k vltawmfrsm;rsm;u em;vnfvGJ oGm;wwfMuygonf/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; tpDtpOfonf pum;&nfvyk w JG pfck r[kwyf g/ rsuEf mS csi;f qdik u f m tEd k i f a jymjcif ; vnf ; r[k w f y g/ ud k , f r S e f o l r S m ; tjiif ; yG m ; aejcif;wpfckvnf; r[kwfyg/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;

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onf ]]awGUqHjk cif; (encounter)}} jzpfygonf/ bmomrwlol vlEpS Of ;D (odkUr[kwf) ESpfzGJU? oHk;zGJU tcsif;csif;awGUqHkjcif; jzpfygonf/ xdkodkUaom awGUqHkjcif;onf ]]oifay;zdkU (not to teach)]] r[kwfyg/ ]]igu rSefw,f/}} ]]igwdkUu omw,f/}} ]]olwdkU rSm;ae wmawG ig oifay;&r,f/}} ]]olwdkUawG vGJaeMuw,f/ ig wnfh ay;&r,f}}ponfh ]]rD;cJjymzHk;}} awGUqHkjcif;rsdK; r[kwfyg/ awG U qH k & jcif ; \ t½d k ; om;qH k ; ES i f h wpf c k w nf ; aom &nf½G,fcsufrSm ]]oif,lzdkU (to learn)}} jzpfygonf/ ]]rif;qDu igrodwmav;awG oif,lcsifvdkU}}jzpfygonf/ ]]ig em;rvnfao; wmawG rif;qDu avhvmcsiv f Ukd }} jzpfygonf/ ]]rif;eJU ywf oufvUkd Mum;zl ; wmav;awG ? em;r&S i f ; ao;wmav;awG ? rSwfom;p&mav;awG em;axmif&atmif rif;eJU vmawGUjcif;}} jzpfygonf/ rS e f y gonf / ]]oif , l z d k U }}&ef ]]oif M um;}}ay;&ygrnf / avhvmzdkU&ef ajymjyol? &Sif;jyol &dS&ygrnf/ ]]uRefawmfu oif,l EdkifzdkU cifAsm;u oifMum;ay;&ygrnf/}} ]]uRefawmf em;vnfzdkU cifAsm;u &Sif;jyay;&ygrnf/}} ]]uRefawmf aumif;aumif;oabm aygufEikd zf Ukd cifAsm;u twwfEikd q f ;kH &Si;f &Si;f ajymjyay;&ygrnf/}} ]]tJvdkqdkawmh cifAsm;vnf; cifAsm;,HkMunf&mawGudk ydkavhvm jzpfoGm;a&maygh/ ydkwwfvma&maygh/]] rSefygonf/ xdkodkUawGUqHk jcif;wGif rdr, d MkH unfvufc&H mudk ydrk o kd if,rl w S o f m;cGihf &vm ygonf/ þae&mwG i f ]]oif M um;jcif ; }}[k ajymaomf v nf ; ]]oufaocHjcif; (to witness)}}jzpfygonf/ olwpfyg;oif,lEdkifzdkU rdrdu oufaocHajymMum;ay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ rdrdudk;uG,fonfh

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bmomw&m;udk oufaocHjcif; jzpfygonf/ xdkodkU oufaocH ajymMum;ay;zdUk rdrb d momw&m;udk avhvmoif,x l m;&ayrnf/ xdkodkU oufaocHajymMum;ay;&mwGif oif,lvmolwdkif;tm; 陆dk;om;pGmav;pm;zdkUvdktyfygonf/ rdrdajymjyoufaocHonfh bmomw&m;wpfckonf olUtwGuf tqef;jzpfaeovdk olU ,HkMunfrIESifhvnf; rwlbJuGJjym;aernfqdkwmudk BudKem;vnf xm;&ygrnf/ rwln&D mrSm Asmrsm; raebJ rwlwmudk rwlovdk em;vnfvufcHum av;pm;vdrfhrnf[kvnf; arQmfvifhxm; ygonf/ avhvmolzufrSvnf; olUoufaocHajymMum;&mudk vufcHzdkU vdktyfayonf/ xdUk aMumifh ud;k uG,rf b I momw&m;rsm; tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESm zvS,fjcif;onf ajymvnf;ajym em;vnf;axmifwwfonfh awGUqHjk cif; (a two-way communication) jzpfygonf/ ]]ighpum; EGm;&}} rdru d yJ ZGwaf jymaejcif;r[kwyf J em;axmifay;jcif;vnf; &dS&ygonf/ em;ESifhomMum;&onfh em;vnfjcif;xuf ESvHk;om; ESifh em;axmifjcif; jzpfygonf/ bmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;rSm ]]ajymif;vJvufcHvmzdkU (Conversion)}}jzpfygonf/ odkUaomf ajymif;vJvmjcif; (Conversion) [kqdk&mwGif wpfpHkwpfcku aemufwpfckudk (bmomwpfcku aemufbmomwpfckudk) vT r f ; rd k ; ajymif ; vJ o G m ;jcif ; (winning over) [k r qd k v d k y g/ twlrQa0cHpm;jcif; (sharing with) udkqdkvdkygonf/ wpfenf;qd&k ygu ajymif;vJvufcv H mjcif; (Conversion) onf bmomwpfcrk S wpfjcm;wpfco k Ukd ajymif;vJvufco H mG ;jcif;

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r[kwfbJ bmomw&m;a&;ESifhywfoufwdkif; t&ifu t,lonf; wwfaom? igpGJ pGJwwfaom ESvHk;om;wpfckrS av;pm;wwfonfh? em;vnfvufcHwwfonfh ESvHk;om;wpfck tjzpfodkU ajymif;vJ vmjcif;om jzpfygonf/ olwpfyg;wdkUu rdrdbmomw&m;tay: xm;&do S nfh tjrifapmif;? tjrifa[mif;rsm; ajymif;vJvmzdUk jzpfovdk wpfjcm;bmomw&m;rsm;tay:wGif rdr\ d em;vnfvrJG I rsm;vnf; ajymif;vJem;vnfvmapzdUk jzpfygonf/ ]]ud;k uG,rf I bmomw&m;rsm; tcsif ; csif ; ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; jyKvk y f & jcif ; onf v nf ; wpf O D ; ES i f h w pf O D ; \ bmoma&;tajccH o abm w&m;rsm;ud k wjznf;jznf; em;vnfvmum ydkrdkwefzdk;xm; av;pm;vmapzdkU jzpfygonf/}} xdkUaMumifh bmomw&m;rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;onf olwpfyg;tm; ajymif;vJvmapzkUdESifh rdrd\ wdrf;apmif;aeaom tjrifrsm;ajymif;vJ vmapjcif;ESpfcktMum; qufoG,fay;aom aygif;ul;wHwm;jzpfygonf/ bmomw&m;rsm;ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; aMumif h wpf j cm; bmomw&m;rsm;taMumif;? rdrdbmomw&m;ESifh rdrd ud, k u f ykd g rusef ydrk u kd s,Nf yUHpmG em;vnfvufcv H mapygawmhonf/ ]]udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,f}} &mwG i f tcsif ; csif ; tjyef t vS e f em;vnf v mMuygonf / tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmcGifh&ojzifh vlom;rsm;todkif;t0dkif; pnf;vHk;a&; wd;k wufvmygonf/ aygif;oif;qufqaH &;rsm; wd;k yGm;vm ygonf/ em;vnfrIESifh qufqHa&;rsm; wdk;wufvmwmaMumifh twlwuG Nidrf;csrf;om,mpGm ,SOfwGJaexdkifEdkifMuygonf/

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tcsKyftm;jzifhqdk&ygu ]]udk;uG,frI bmomw&m;rsm; tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif;}}onf avmupMu0#mBu;D wpfck vH;k ESihf urÇmhvlom;xk tzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckvHk;\tusdK;odkU OD;wnfjcif; jzpfygonf/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,f jcif;onf oif,ljcif;? avhvmjcif; tpDtpOfwpfck jzpfygonf/ ESpfOD;ESpfzufpvHk;u rdrdrodem;rvnfao;onfh tcsuftvuf rsm;udk jrifawGUem;vnfzdkY tcGifhtvrf;jzpfygonf/ em;vnfvGJ aewmawG rSefuefvmzdkY? tjrifrSm;aewmawG tjrifrSefvmzdkY enf;vrf;wpfckvnf; jzpfygonf/ wpfyg;olrsm;vnf; rdrdwdkYvdkyJ rSefurfwdusonfh bmom a&;oGefoifcsufrsm;? ,HkMunfudk;uG,frIrsm;? OykofoDv aqmuf wnfrIrsm; ½Sdaew,f[k jrifawGUvmapygonf/ olwpfyg;udk ydkrdkodvmcGifh&avav? rdrdudk,fudk ydkrdk od v mayonf / ol w pf y g;ud k yd k r d k e m;vnf c G i f h & av? e*d k u em;vnfjcif;awG wdk;yGm;avyif jzpf\/ wpfyg;ol\ ]]vrf; (Way)}}ESihf ]]aemufq;kH yef;wdik }f } taMumif; yd k r d k o d v m&av rd r d & nf r S e f ; xm;onf h ]]yef ; wd k i f } }ud k v nf ; ydrk jkd rwfE;kd avjzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh &[ef;rif;BuD; 'kwd,ajrmuf a,m[efaygvl; t&Sifu Redemptoris Missio trnf½Sd pmcRefawmfxJrSm ("Dialogue is '' a method and means of mutual knowledge and enrichment")

]]ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif;onf yGiv hf if;½d;k om;aom todw&m;ESihf A[kow k

<u,f0vmapzdkU enf;vrf;wpfckjzpfygw,f}} [k rdefU Mum;ygonf/ e

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?

oHk;

?

bmomw&m;rsm; rnfuJhodkU ES;D aESmzvS,Mf uygrnfenf;/ (Forms of Dialogue)

uufovpfomoemawmfBuD;u ]]udk;uG,frIbmomMuD; rsm;\ oefU&Si;f jrifjh rwfírSeu f efaom opömw&m;rsm;wGif rnfonfh tcsut f vufwpfcu k rkd S rjiif;qdyk g}}1[k oifMum;yg onf/ xdUk tjyif ]]ud k ; uG , f r I b momw&m;tcsif ; csif ; ES D ; aES m zvS , f M uzd k U }} omoemawmfBuD;u tpOfwdkufwGef;zdwfac: ygonf/ xdUk enf;twl Ak'&¨ iS af wmfb&k m;xHoUkd 0g'rwlot l rsKd ; rsKd ;wdUk csOf;uyfar;jref;Muavwdkif; &Sifawmfbk&m;u ]]uREfkyfwdkU\ rwlnrD u I kd z,f&mS ;MuygpdUk /}} ]]bmudo k abmwlnED ikd rf nfukd uREykf w f Ukd tm&Hkpl;pdkufMuygpdkU/}} ]]þtcsufudkom uREkfyfwdkU\ vufawGU b0usiphf Oftjzpf cH,Ml uygpdUk /}} ]]tb,faMumifh a'gojzifh tcsn;f 1/ Nostra Aetate 2. }}. . .the Catholic Church rejects nothing which is true and holy in these religions. "

2/ tufpftif *dktifum? Universal Spirituality for Peace? jrefrmhtvif; owif;pm (t*Fvdyfbmom)? 29? 9? 2000/

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ESD; jiif;cHk&rnfenf;/}} [lí qHk;ravh&dSygonf/ xdkUtjyif udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;wdkif;wGif wlnDonfh ,HkMunfrIrsm;ESifh jrifhjrwfonfhudk,fusifhw&m;rsm; &dSMuygonf/ vlUusifh0wfrsm;? arwåmw&m;? jzLpifpdwfxm;? tMuifemw&m;? u½kPmw&m;? pdwfapwemaumif;rsm;ESifh cGifhvTwfonf;cHjcif; w&m;rsm;udk &if0,fydkufum twl&SifwGJaexdkifMuygvQif vlom; rsm;b0awG jidrf;csrf;Muayrnf/ bmomw&m;onf uGjJ ym;atmif rvkyaf qmifyg/ xdUk aMumifh uRefawmfwdkUtrdajray:rSmvnf;yJ bmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fum twl,SOfwGJaexdkifoifhvSygonf/ bmomBuD;rsm;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; (Dialogue) onf a[majymyG J w pf c k r[k w f y g/ ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; onf pum;&nf v k y G J v nf ; r[k w f y g/ 0d k i f ; xd k i f u m omomxd k ; xd k ; pum;ajymaejcif ; rsd K ;vnf ; vH k ; 0r[k w f y g/ wpf b momES i f h wpfbmom tEdkifrcHt½HI;ray; jiif;cHkaejcif;vnf; r[kwfyg/ odkUqdkygu ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;onf bmudk qdkvdkygoenf;/ rnfuJhodkU ESD;aESmzvS,fMuygrnfenf;/ 1/ rdrdtoufwmjzifh EDS;aESmzvS,fjcif; (The Dialogue of Life) vlwpfOD;pDwdkif;onf ae&ma'owpfckwGif a&muf&dS aexd k i f & avonf / aea&;NyD ; ygu pm;a&;twG u f wpf c k c k vk y f u d k i f M u&yg onf / rd r d a &muf & ma'oES i f h vk y f u d k i f & m ae&mtoD;oD;wGif vltrsm;ESifh aeUwdkif;aeUpOf aygif;oif; qufqHaeMu&ygonf/

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xdkolwdkUwGif udk;uG,f,HkMunfrItrsdK;rsdK; &dSMuayrnf/ ouf0if&mbmom trsKd ;rsKd ;&dMS uayrnf/ xdt k cg rdrMd unfnKd ouf0if &m bmomw&m;awmf\ tqHk;trESifhtnD aexdkif jcif;jzifh rdrdbmomw&m;awmfudk ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; jyKEdkifygonf/ jrif h j rwf o nf u d k , f u sif h w &m;rsm;jzif h ES D ; aES m Ed k i f y gonf / rdrdw&m;awmfESifhtnD rdb0wf? om;orD;0wf? rdwfaqG0wf ponfv h Ul usi0hf wfrsm;apmifjh cif;onfvnf; ES;D aESmjcif; rnfygonf/ vlwdkif;tm; jzLpifpdwfa&SUxm;um tMuifemw&m;? arwåm? apwem? u½k P m? rk ' d w mxm;jcif ; onf v nf ; rdrd,HkMunfonfhbmomw&m;tm; vlrsm;xHodkU ESD;aESmaejcif; jzpf y gonf / xd k p d w f a pwemaumif ; rsm;ud k &if 0 ,f y d k u f u m cGifhvTwfonf;cHjcif;jcif;jzifhvnf; ESD;aESmEdkifygonf/ xdUk tjyif wpfO;D uwpfO;D ud?k wpfbmomu wpfbm omudk av;pm;jcif; (respect)onfvnf; toufwmjzifh ES;D aESm zvS,jf cif; rnf y gonf / rd r d t vk y f t ud k i f u d k ausyG e f p G m vk y f a qmif aejcif;onfvnf; toufwmjzifh ES;D aESmzvS,af ejcif; jzpfygonf/ vlrIa&;t00wGif cifrif&if;ESD;pGm {nfh0wfysLiSg jyKjcif;onfvnf; bmomw&m;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;jzpfygonf/ wpfOD;\ tultnDudk wpfO;D uay;jcif;onfvnf; bmom w&m;ES;D aESmaejcif; jzpfygonf/ rdrdtdrfeD;csif;ESifh vkyfaz: udkifzufrsm;\ ylaqG;aomua&m csdef rdrdonfvnf; olESifhtwl rQa0cHpm;jcif;onf ESD;aESmaejcif; jzpf y gonf / ol w d k U \ atmif j rif r I r sm;wG i f v nf ; twl y g0if 0rf;omjcif;jzifhvnf; rdrdbmomw&m;udk EDS;aESmEdkifygonf/ wpfenf;qdk&ygu toufwmjzifhEDS;aESmzvS,fjcif;onf

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vlwdkif;vkyfaqmifEdkifaom ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;yifjzpfygonf/ xdUk aMumifh aps;a&mif;aps;0,f&mrSm toufwmjzifh ED;S aESm zvS,jf zif;jyKEikd yf gonf/ aq;½H?k tvky½f ?kH pmoifcef;? um;rSww f ikd ?f &xm;blwm½HkESifh vl&dSonfh ae&mtoD;oD;rSm jyKvkyfEdkifygonf/ rdrdtoufwmjzifhESD;aESmjcif;jzifh pnf;vHk;nDnGwfjcif;udk jzpfay:aponf/ pdwf0rf;uGJjym;rIESifh tjrifrSm;rIudk aysmufuG,f apygonf/ txifao;rIESifh wpf,loefpdwfrsm; csKyfNidrf;aponf/ tmCmwpdwEf iS hf twåpw d rf sm;yaysmufapygonf/ wpfbm omESihf wpf b mom ½d k ; om;yG i f h v if ; at;csrf ; oif h j rwf p G m twl r Qa0 touf&Sifaexdkifapygonf/ xdkodkUaomESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;jyKvkyfMuzdkU uufovpf bmom0iftaygif;udk omoemawmfBu;D u tpOfwu kd w f eG ;f ygonf/ rdrw d Ukd oGm;vmaexdik f vkyv f yk u f ikd &f mwdik ;f rSm or®musr;f pmawmf\ toGeftoiftqHk;trudk vdkufemusifhBuHMuzdkU rSmMum; ygonf/ 2) twlyl;aygif;

½Gufaqmifjcif;jzifh ESD;aESmjcif;

(The

Dialogue of Work)

wdkif;EdkifiHwdkif;? vlrsdK;wdkif;onf rdrdwdkUwdkif;jynfzGHUNzdK;wdk; wufapvdkMuonf/ 0ajympnfyifum csrf;omvdkMuonf/ tcsif; csif; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfum wnfNidrfat;csrf;pGm aexdkifvdkMuonf/ xdkUtjyif vlom;wdkUonf vlUb0'ku©qif;&Jjcif;t00udk tvGwfr&dS aeUpOfESifhtrQ BuHKawGUae&Mu&jyefygonf/ Owk&moD azgufjyefrIESifh rnDrQrIwdkUaMumifh obm0ab;'gPfrsm;ESifh &ifqdkif aeMu&ygonf/ tmCmww&m;udk rpGefUEdkifrIaMumifh tMurf;zuf

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rIrsm;ESifh tjiif;yTm;rIrsm;wGif usD;vefUpmpm; aexdkifvkyfudkifae Mu&ygonf/ pD;yTm;a&;wGifvnf; vuf0g;BuD;tkyfcH&rIwdkUaMumifh qif;&JrGJawrI'gPfudkvnf; ukef;cHaeMu&ygonf/ axGvsm; rsm;jym;aom a&m*gqef;rsm;aMumifh rvdkcsifr&csifbJ i,fi,f ½G,½f , G Ef iS fh aoMu&jyefygonf/ uRefawmfwdkUi,fi,fu rlvwef;zwfpmrS pmwpfyk'fudk jyefowd&rdygonf/ xdpk myd'k u f awmh ]]ZGeyf ef;½Ht k eD;? EGx H J vSn;f bD; uRHaeonf/ ulí wGef;ay;Muyg/ av;vGef;í rwGef;Edkifbl;vm;/ Nyd K if w l w G e f ; vQif a½G U Ed k i f y gonf } }/ az:jyyg vl o m;wd k U \ aumif;usdK;qdk;arGrsm;udk bmomw&m;rsm;rS ,HkMunfolrsm; twl w l y l ; aygif ; &if q d k i f w G e f ; vS e f E d k i f M uygonf / wdk;wufzGUHNzdK;jcif;vm;? pnfyif0ajyma&;vm;? twl½Gufaqmif Edkifygonf/ qdk;arGrsm;udk [efUwm;pGefUypfapa&;vm;/ twl½Guf aqmifEdkifygonf/ bmomw&m;wdkU\ &nf½G,fcsufrSmvnf; ]]vlom;wdkif; 'ku©0#fqif;&Jtaygif;rS vGwfajrmufapa&;}} yif jzpfygonf/ bmomw&m;rsm;tcsif;csif; twlyl;aygif;½Gufaqmif jcif;jzifh ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;onf vlUtzGJUtpnf;BuD; wpfckvHk;odkU OD;wnfygonf/ [dE´Lbmom0ifwpfOD;ESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;wdkUonf rdrw d Ukd wdik ;f jynfBu;D Nird ;f csr;f om,mapzdUk twlarwåmydUk qkawmif; ay;aeygu bmomw&m;rsm; ESD;aESmzvS,faejcif;jzpfygonf/ c&pf,mefbmom0ifwpfcsdKUESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfcsdKUwdkUonf tpövmrfpD;yGm;&SifwpfOD;tultnDESifh attdkif'Dtufpf (udk,fcH

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tm;usqif;jcif;)a&m*gonfrsm;ukd Munfh½IUukoay;aeMuygu bmomw&m;ESD;aESmjcif;jzpfygonf/ wpf&yfwpf½Gmwnf; twl aexdkifol c&pf,mefbmom0ifrsm;ESifh Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;wdkUonf rdrdwdkU&yfa&;½Gma&;rSm twlwpfuG wufnDvufnD ½Gufaqmif aeMuygu ol w d k U onf ES D ; aES m jcif ; jyKaeMuygonf / wD b D a&m*gonfrsm;? uifqma&m*gonfrsm;? temBu;D a&m*gonf rsm;udk bmomra½G;apmifha&Smuf vkyfudkifay;aeygu xdkolwdkU onf bmomw&m; ESD;aESmzvS,faeMuygonf/ tb,faMumifhqdkaomf vlom;rsm;tm;vHk;tay: arwåm yTm;um aumif;usdK;csrf;om o,fydk;½Gufaqmifjcif;onf bmom w&m;wdik ;f \ tqH;k tr jzpfaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ bmomw&m; wdUk \ rGejf rwfoefUpifNy;D wlnaD om xdo k '¨gw&m; udk tajccHxm;um bmomw&m;toD;oD;rS MunfnKd orl sm; twl½u G af qmifEikd yf gonf/ vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk; wdk;wufpnfyif apa&;ESifh 'ku©taygif;rS vG w f a jrmuf a pzd k U twl w uG ½ k e f ; xG u f j cif ; ud k twl y k l ; aygif ; ½G u f a qmif j cif ; jzif h bmomw&m; tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;[k ac:ygonf/ þuJhodkUaom ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;wGif bmomra½G;? vlrsdK; ra½G;? usm;rra½G; tm;vHk;yg0ifvkyfaqmifEdkifygonf/ uvuwå m ;Nrd K UrS uuf o vpf b mom0if oD v &S i f rmom&fxa&Zm;u ]]bmomw&m;wpfckudk MunfndKudk;uG,fjcif; aMumifh wpfOD;tay:wpfOD; arwåmxm;wwfMu&rnfjzpfonf/ wpfOD;tay:wpfOD; arwåmxm;jcif;aMumifh (wpfyg;aumif;usdK; twGu)f ay;qyftapcHEikd Mf u&ayonf/ ay;qyftapcHjcif; aMumifh

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vl o m;wd k U urÇ m BuD ; Nid r f ; at;csrf ; om,mvmayrnf } }[k qH;k rzl;ygonf/ 3) uRrf;usifolrsm; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; (The Dialogue of Experts) þESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;onf rdrdbmomw&m;taMumif; uRrf ; uRrf ; uRrf ; usif u sif &d S o l r sm;twG u f j zpf y gonf / rd r d \ bmomw&m;taMumif;udk wwfoduRrf;usif½HkwifrubJ urÇmh bmomw&m;rsm;udk pdw0f ifwpm; avhvmrSwo f m;xm;ol rsm;vnf; jzpf&ygrnf/ xdkolwdkUtcsif;csif;awGUqHkvsuf rdrdwdkU bmomw&m;\ tqHk;trrsm;ESifh bmoma&;tarGtESpfrsm;? "avhxHk;wrf;wdkUudk tcsif;csif;ajymjy a0rQMujcif;jzpfygonf/ xdkodkUa0rQ&mwGif bmomw&m;rsm;tm;vHk;wGif wlnDaomoGefoifcsufESifh ,HkMunf csufrsm;udk tHMopGmawGUjrifvmMurnf/ rwlnDaom oGefoif csufESifh MunfndK&mrsm;wdkUudk jrifawGUvmMuNyD; wefzdk;xm; av; pm;vmapMurnf[k &nfpl;ygonf/ bmomw&m;rsm;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;onf ,HkMunfcH,l rIrwloltoD;oD; yg0ifaomfvnf; pum;&nfvkyGJwpfckr[kwfyg/ pum;vHk;a½G;cs,f&mrStp pdwfaepdwfxm;tqHk; EdSrfajymvdkpdwf? tEdkif,lvdkpdwfESifh apmif;ajymvdkpdwfrsm; vHk;0yg0ifMuyg/ rdrd pum;vH k ; ES i f h "avh x H k ; wrf ; wd k U ud k wif j yaeygaomf v nf ; ajymvnf;ajym em;vnf;axmifwwfonfh a two-way communication pdwx f m;vdt k yfygonf/ ]]ig[mu tppftrSejf zpfw,f/ ig ,HMk unfwmu rSew f ,f/

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olUwdUk qDu avYvmrSwo f m;zdUk xuf igwdu Yk yJ olwUkd udk oifay;&r,f/ tJ'DvlawG tm;vHk;rSm;aeMuw,f}}qdkonfh tarSmifhpdwfxm;rsm; ryg0ifyg/ rwl n D M uaomf v nf ; wef z d k ; xm;wwf w mcsif ; awmh twlwljzpfMuonfh ,HkMunfrIrsm; udk,fpD&dSMuwmrdkU udk,fu ynmay;oifMum;zdUk r[kwb f J (not teaching) avhvmoif,zl Ukd (learning) qd k w mom t"d u jzpf y gonf / rd r d r od a o;onf h ? rd r d em;rvnfao;onfh bmomw&m;taMumif;udk wpfzufvlawG qDrS avYvmrSwfom;zdkU &nf&G,fygonf/ rdrd\tawG;tjrifrsm; ydkrdkrSefuefvmapzdkUjzpfygonf/ wpfzufapmif;eif;jzpfaeaom tawG;tac:ESifhpdwfxm;rsm; wnfYrwfapzdkU &nf½G,fygonf/ 4) bmomw&m;tawGUtBuHK ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; (The Dialogue of Religious Experience)

bmomw&m;udkif;½dIif;olrsm;tcsif;csif; jyKvkyfEdkifaom ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;jzpfygonf/ rdrdbmomomoemawmfwGif;wGif bm0empD;jzef;jcif;jzifh cHpm;&rdaom pdwfESvHk;at;csrf;jcif;udk ajymjyay;jcif;? a0rQay;jcif;wdkUudk bmomw&m;tawGUtBuHK ESD; aESmzvS,fjcif;[k ac:ygonf/ ]]bk & m;0wf j yKjcif ; jzif h rd r d c H p m;rd a om xl ; jcm;onf h tawGUtBuHKrsm;udk ajymjy}}Edkifygonf/ ]]rdrdtm; rvdkrkef;xm; aeoludk rdrdw&m;"r®\ tqHk;trESifh cGifhvTwfoD;cHvdkufjcif;jzifh Nird ;f at;oGm;aom &efptaMumif;}} ajymjyEdik yf gonf/ ]]wyg; oltm;

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arwåma&SUxm; ulnv D u kd jf cif;jzifh &vdu k rf ad om &ifwiG ;f rS yDw}d }udk a0rQ Edik yf gonf/ ]]ur®Xmrf;xdik pf Ofu rdr&d &dS cHpm;rdcahJ om Nird ;f at; csrf;omjcif;udk wjcm;bmom0ifrsm;ESifh ajymjycHpm;apjcif;rsdK; jyKvyk Ef ikd yf gonf/ ravQmheJ raysmufqHk; wefzdk;vnf;rjzwfEdkifonfh okc pdk;pH&m? tedpö 'ku© tewåuif;a0;&m? avmb a'goarm[ uif;pif&m? wPSm&m* t0dZÆm tarSmifrSvGwfNidrf;&m? vHk;0OóHk jynfph o kH nft h jzpfawmfoUkd ta&mufyUkd aqmifay;Edik o f nfh vrf;jrwf awmftaMumif;udk a0rQaay;Edkifygonf/ þonfwdkUonf bmomw&m;tcsif;csif; bmomw&m; tawGUtBuKH ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif;vkyEf ikd af om om"ursm;jzpf ygonf/ odkUaomf yg0ifMuoltaygif;wdkUu a0rQcHpm;csufrsm;udk txl;em;vnfav;pm;MuzdkU ta&;BuD;vSygonf/ ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;rSm yg0ifolrsm;udkav;pm;&if; olwdkU twG u f rd r d , H k M unf c suf r sm;onf tqef ; jzpf a ernf q d k w m BudKwifem;vnfxm;zdkU vdktyfygonf/ rdrd,HkMunf&mudk oufao cH&if; wpfyg;olrsm;\ ,HkMunfcsufrsm;udk av;pm;em;vnfay; &ygonf/ þuJ h o d k U aom ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; onf vl U om;wd k U tuRwfw&m;twGuf tm;aq;wpfcGufjzpfygonf/ jrifhjrwf odrfarGUvSaom bmomw&m;tqHk;trrsm; vlom;wdkU ESvHk; onf;yGwfwdkif pD;pdrfhwdk;0ifoGm;apEdkifygonf/ ☯

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☯

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? av; ? bmomw&m;rsm; tcsif;csif; ES;D aESmzvS,&f jcif;rSm

Edik if jH cm;om;rsm; uReaf wmfwEYkd ikd if u H kd vmvnfwm aeUpOfvkd awGUrdMurSmyg/ uReaf wmfwv Ykd nf; olwv Ykd ykd if ausmif;ydwf &ufawG? 陆Hk;ydwf&ufawGrSm aiGukefcH vlyifyef;cHNyD; ra&mufzl; ao;onfh wdkif;EdkifiHrsm;odkU vdkufvnfcsifMuygonf/ bmvkyzf v Ykd q J ykd gu A[kow k wd;k zd?Yk xdEk ikd if o H m;wdUk \ tae txdkif? tpm;taomuf? 0wfpm;qif,ifyHkESifh ,Ofaus;rIawGudk avhvmzdjYk zpfygonf/ xd k o d k U qd k y gu ,Of a us;rI E S i f h t"d u ywf o uf a ewm b,foal wGygvJ/ xdkwdkif;jynfwGif; rSDwif;aexdkifMuaom EdkifiHom;rsm; jzpf ygonf/ xdkEdkifiHom;wdkU\ ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfBuD;udk rnfonfh t&mu yHkoGif;ay;aewmygvJ[k xyfar;&ygrnf/ tajzu ]]olwYkd ,HMk unfouf0if&mbmom}} jzpfygonf/

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wpfenf;qdk&ygu ]]vlrsKd ;wpfrsKd ;ud;k uG,o f nfh bmomw&m;\ tqH;k trESihf xH;k wrf;pOfvmwdUk onf}} xdv k rl sKd ;pk\ "avhx;kH wrf;ESihf ,Ofaus;rIukd vTrf;NcHKxm;avh &dSygonf/ xdkUaMumifh wpfyg;olrsm;ESifhtwl Nidrf;csrf;pGm ,SOfwJG aexdkifvdkygu olwdkY,HkMunfouf0if&mrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK avhvmzdkY vdktyfvSygonf/ pdwfrcsrf;ajrUzG,f&m bmoma&;tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;? a0zef wdkufcdkufrIrsm; rMumcPMum;ae&ygonf/ bmoma&; t,l oD;rIrsm;\ qdk;usdK;rsm; jzpfMuygonf/ xdkodkUjzpf&jcif;rSm bmoma&;A[kokw r&dSrIaMumifh jzpfygonf/ wdkif;jynf wpfjynfwGif vlrsdK;pktoD;oD; rSDwif;aexdkifavh&dSMuygonf/ xdkvlrsdL;pkrsm;wGif t,ltquGJjym;ovdk udk;uG,fonfh bmom w&m;rsm;vnf; uGJavh&dSygonf/ tajctaetaMumif;aMumif; tay:rlwnfum rd½;k d zvm ,HMkunfu;k d uG,rf rI sm;&dSovdk urÇmb h mom Bu;D rsm;vnf; EdkifiHwGif;rSm pGJpGJNrJNrJtjrpfwG,fNyD; xGef;um;avh &dyS gonf/ wd k i f ; jynf w G i f ; rS D w if ; aexd k i f M uol t aygif ; onf xd k bmomw&m;rsm;taMumif; avhvmcGifh&Edkif&ygrnf/ oif,l em;vnfzdkU tcGifhtvrf;vnf; rjzpfrae &dS&ygrnf/ aeUpOf jrifawGUae&aom bmomw&m;rsm;aMumif; odxm;oifhygonf/ twlvkyfaz:udkifzufwdkU\ MunfndKudk;uG,f&mwdkUudk oabm aygufxm;oifyh gonf/ bmomw&m;toD;oD;wdUk \ tqH;k tr wdUk udk

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Mum;zl ; xm;oif h y gonf / bmomw&m; toD ; oD ; wd k U \ <u,f0vSaom tarGtESpfrsm;udk em;vnfxm;oifhygonf/ bmomw&m;rsm;taMumif ; avh v mcG i f h v nf ; r&? em;vnfo&d v Sd matmifvyk zf Ukd vnf; ud, k w f ikd üf u pdwrf ygMu ygvQif xd k w d k i f ; ol jynf o m;wd k U onf bmomw&m; A[k o k w acgif;yg;Muayrnf/ av;eufru I if;onfh tay:,Havmufuo kd m oabmaygufod&dSMuayrnf/ Mum;zl;em;0 tqifhESifhom auseyf aeMuayvdrfhrnff/ xdktcg bmomw&m;rsm;udk wefzdk;xm;&aumif;rSef; rodMuawmhacs/ bmomw&m;wdkU\ oGefoifcsuftrSefudkvnf; rod M uawmh a y/ aemuf q H k ; wG i f wpfbmomESif h wpf b mom em;vnfvJGrIrsm; (Misconceptions) jzpfvm&ygonf/ Oyrm - jrefrmjynfwGif;rDSwif;aexdkifMuukefonfh jrefrm c&pf,mefrsm;udk Munfhyg/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf arG;uwnf;u Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;tMum;rSm BuD;jyif;Muonf/ i,fpOfawmifaus; uav;b0uwnf;u Ak'b ¨ ek ;f Bu;D rsm;udk jrifae&\/ bke;f Bu;D rsm;\ w&m;a[moH u d k aeUpOf v d k Mum;cG i f h & \/ Ak ' ¨ b mom yGJawmfrsm;udkvnf; jrifawGUcGifh&Muonf/ udk,fwdkifvnf; yg0ifcJh Muzl;avonf/ aqGrsdK;om;csif;rsm;rSmvnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;jzpf\/ ausmif;aezuf oli,fcsif;rsm;vnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;jzpfonf/ tvkyfrSmvnf; Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;ESifh twlvkyfudkifonf/ tm; tudk;&qHk;ESifh t&if;ESD;qHk; rdwfaqGrsm;rSmvnf; Ak'¨bmom 0ifrsm;jzpfMu\/ wcsdKUrdom;pkrsm;wGif cifyGef; odkUr[kwf ZeD;rSm

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Ak'¨bmomjzpf\/ udk,fhbmomudk,fudk;uG,f olUbmomol udk;uG,fqdkum vGwfvGwfvyfvyf tdrfaxmifjyKum aexdkif cJMh uonf/ od k U aomf xd k j ref r mc&pf , mef r sm;onf Ak ' ¨ b momud k b,favmuf em;vnfygovJ[k ar;Munfhygu aocsmem;vnf olqv kd Ukd &Sm;&Sm;yg;yg;ygay/ Mum;zl;em;0omjzpf\/ Ak'b G mom qdw k m [d k v d k y g? onf v d k y g? ponf h tay:,H o abmavmuf o m odxm;Muavonf/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; bmudk ,HkMunfMuonf/ Ak'¨w&m;awmfu b,fvdk/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm; bmudk arQmfvifh udk;uG,fMuonfqdkwmudk uGJuGJjym;jym; ajymrjyEdkifMuay/ Oyrm Ak'¨bmomrS edAÁmefa&mufaMumif;w&m;udk jrefrm c&pf,mefrsm; rMumcPMum;emzl;Muonf/ odUk aomf edAmÁ ef qdw k mudk c&pf,mefrsm; aocsmem;rvnfMuay/ ]]edAÁmefqdkwm ukefqHk;jcif;? aysmufu, G jf cif;? csKyNf ird ;f jcif;? bmrQr&daS wmhjcif;? Avmew¬d jzpfjcif;]] ponf h pum;vH k ; \ t"d y Ü g ,f a vmuf o m od M u\/ onfhtjyifrodem;rvnfMuacs/ csKyfNidrf;w,fqdkwm bmawG csKyf N id r f ; wmvJ / bmawG r&d S a wmh w mvJ / bmawG aysmuf oGm;wmvJq&kd mrsm;udak wmh rodMuawmhacs/ odatmifvyk f zdUk vnf; pdwfr0ifpm;acs/ em;vnfatmifvkyfzdkUvnf; rBudK;pm; Muacs/ tay:,H oabmavmufESifhom auseyfaeMu\/ Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;vnf; xdkUenf;wlyifjzpfMu\/ wdkif; jynfwGif;&dS urÇmhbmomBuD;wpfckjzpfonf c&pf,mefbmomudk pd w f r 0if p m;Muacs/ avh v mvd k p d w f v nf ; r&d S M uacs/ rd r d bmomw&m;ESifhom auseyfum wjcm;bmomrsm;udk vpfvsL

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½Ixm;Mu\/ xdt k cg ]]c&pf,mefbmomqdw k m Mum;yJMum;zl; w,f/ bmvJ q d k w m rod y gbl ; /}} ]]c&pf , mef b mom0if a wG [ m EdkifiHjcm;om;awG}}/ ]]jrefrmvlrsdK;rSef&if Ak'¨bmom0if jzpf&r,f}}/ ponf j zif h wpf z uf o wf wpf , l o ef p G y f p G J & if ; rS m ;,G i f ; pG m ajymqdak eMuayawmhonf/ rSeu f efonfh oGeo f ifcsurf sm;ESih f ppfreS o f nfh tjzpfoepfrsm;udk rodMuawmhacs/ bmomw&m;rsm;ud k avh v moif , l u m em;vnf r I r&d S w maMumif h rd r d , H k M unf & mbmomtjyif wpf y g;ol \ ,HMk unfouf0if&mrsm;udk em;vnfrv I &GJ jcif;om"ursm; jzpfygonf/ rd r d b momud k txif B uD ; NyD ; wpf j cm;bmomrsm;ud k txifao;&jciff;Oyrmrsm; jzpfygonf// xdkem;vnfvJGrIaMumifh txifao;jcif;? tjiif;yGm;jcif;? t,loD;jcif;? a0zefwdkufcdkufjcif;rsm; jzpfvmMuukef\/ xdktjzpftysufrsm; EdkifiHtawmfrsm;rsm;rSm jzpfae Muygonf/ bmomw&m;rsm;udk wefzdk;xm;em;vnfcGifh r&dS jcif;aMumifh jzpfygonf/ trSefyif pdwfrcsrf;ajrUp&m jzpfygonf/ wpfOD;csif;uae wpfzJGUcsif;? wpfzJGUcsif;uae wpfpkcsif; wdk;NyD; jzpfaew,f/ vlom;xkwpfckvHk;\ 'ku© jzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh todw&m;tjynfhESifh vlwdkif; tm;pdkufxkwfzdkY vdt k yfygonf/ rdrd,HkMunfouf0if&m bmomw&m;udk aoaocsmcsm em;vnfzdkY BudK;pm;&ygrnf/ xdkodkU aoaocsmcsm *CeP em;vnfrIuae wpfyg;ol\ MunfndKouf0if&mrsm;udkvnf; oabmaygufem;vnfzdkY avhvmayvdrfhrnf/

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bmomw&m;wdkif;udk ]]ighbmomeJY twlwlygyJuGm}} [k tvG,fwul oabmrwlbJ bmomw&m;A[kokwyGm;zdkY vlwdkif; avhvmqnf;yl;&ygrnf/ wpfyg;ol\ bmomw&m;udk pdwrf 0ifpm;jcif;onf rdrd udk xdkbmomtzJGUtpnf;uae a0;uGmapygonf/ ]]igeJY rqdkif ygbl;uGm}}[k oabmydkufaponf/ ]]olwdkY&JU bmomw&m;u igwdkYudkb,fvdkrS rxdcdkufygbl;/ igwdkY bmvkyfp&mvdkovJ}} ponfjzifhcH,lvmaponf/ xdkpdwfr0ifpm;jcif;rsm;u twl,SOfwJGaexdkifjcif;udk ysufjym;apygonf/ wpfyg;ol\ bmomw&m;ESifh,HkMunf&mudk pdwfr0ifpm;jcif;rsm;uae xdkbmomudk ½GH½Smrkef;wD;apygonf/ ]]olwUkd wpfawG[m trSew f &m;udk rawGU&ao;bl;/}} [kvnf; t,lonf;aeMuayrnf/ ]]rd r d b momw&m;uomvQif rS e f w ,f / omw,f / ydkaumif;w,f}} qdkonfh pdwfxm;rsm;yGm;vmapygonf/ xdktcg wjcm;bmomrsm;udk EdSrfcsifvmMuavonf/ ]]rif;wdkU bmomu rrSefbl;/ rSefwmuigh&JUbmom}}[k qdck siv f mMuayonf/ ]]rif;wdYk ighjynf? igh½mG rSmae&if igh bmomudyk J ud;k uG,&f r,f}} qdu k m bmomudk vuf0g;Bu;D tkycf siv f mMuayrnf/ xdkpdwfxm;rsm; jyKjyifoifhygonf/ bmomw&m;rsm; tcsif ; csif ; ED S ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; onf vl o m;xk w pf c k v H k ; ud k tusdK;yGm;apygonf/ urÇmBuD; ay:rS rESpfNrdKUzG,f tedXm½Hkrsm;udk atmifjrifapEkdifygonf/ urÇ m h v l x k B uD ; ud k tEÅ & m,f j zpf a ponf h bmoma&;

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tjiif ; yG m ;rI r sm; &yf w ef Y a pzd k Y pd w f E S v H k ; aumif ; ½S d o l r sm;ud k urÇmhvlxkBuD;u BudKqdkaeygonf/ qif;&JiwfrGwfjcif;rsm;? &efNidK;xm; trkef;yGm;aejcif;rsm;? cd k u f & ef j zpf y G m ;jcif ; rsm;? ppf y J G E S i f h ,S O f N yd K if tEd k i f , l j cif ; rsm; tqHk;owfapzdkY urÇmhbmomBuD;rsm; tcsif;csif; twlwuG ES;D aESmzvS,Mf u&ygrnf/ urÇmb h momBu;D rsm;onf Ekid if w H ikd ;f rSm pGpJ NGJ rNJ rt J jrpf wG,Nf y;D ½Sdaewwfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh bmomBuD;rsm;\ ,HkMunf&mrsm;udk pmoif a usmif ; rsm;? wuú o d k v f E S i f h aumvd y f rsm;rS m oif c ef ; pmwpf c k t jzpf oif M um;ay;&ef vd k t yf y gonf / &[ef;jzpfausmif;rsm;ESifh bk&m;pum;wef;rsm;rSmvnf; oif½dk; ñTef;wrf;xnfh0ifum oifMum;ay;oifhvSygonf/ bmoma&;toif ; rsm;rS uRrf ; usif a omq&mrsm;? odu©m&rsm;? bkef;BuD;rsm;udk zdwfMum;um rdrdwdkY bmom0ifrsm;udk A[kokwjzpf "r®w&m;rsm; a[mMum;apoifhygonf/ xdkodkU wpfjcm;bmomrSm wpfOD;OD;u rdrdwdkUbmom0ifrsm;odkU 0ifa&muf ajymjy&Sif;jyygu rdrdwdkUbmom0ifrsm; olwdkYaemuf ygoGm; vdrfhrnf[k wpfcsdKUvlrsm; txifrSm;aewwfMuygonf/ trSefrSm xdkodkUr[kwfyg/ wpfyg;ol\ ,HkMunf&mrsm;udk oabmaygufjcif; tm;jzifh rdrd,HkMunf&mbmomrSm ydkrdkpJGNrJ apygonf/ xdkUtjyif bmomw&m;toD;oD;\ ppfrSefaom oGefoif &mrsm;ud k avh v mod & d S v mjcif ; tm;jzif h vl w d k i f ; vl w d k i f ; onf rdrdtodkuftNrHKrS <u,f0vSonfh bmoma&;tarGtESpfrsm;udk em;vnfoabmaygufNyD; av;pm;vmygvdrfhrnf/

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tjyKoabmaqmif o nf h quf q H j cif ; ? tav;xm; em;vnfjcif;rsm;uom bmom0ifrsm;tMum; yGifhvif;onfh pnf;vHk;rIrsm; jzpfay:vmygvdrfhrnf/ yGifhvif;onfh pnf;vHk;nDnGwfjcif;jzifhom uRefawmfwdkU vlom;pkurÇmBuD; Nidrf;csrf;ayvdrfhrnf/ þonfrSm vlom;wdkU OD;xdyx f m;ud;k uG,Mf uonfh bmomw&m;rsm;\ tESpo f m& vnf; jzpfygawmhonf/ [

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? ig; ? wpfc&D;wnf;oGm;aeMuonfh bk&m;zl;{nfhonfrsm; tm½SwdkufBuD;onf urÇmhtBuD;qHk;wdkufwpfckjzpfygonff/ urÇmhvlOD;a&\ (4)yHk (3) yHkcefUonfvnf; tm½Swdkufay:rSm aexdkifMuygonf/ xdkUtjyif [dE´Lbmom? Ak'¨bmom? *sL;bmom? c&pf,mef bmom? tpövmrfbmom? ½Sifwdkbmom? uGefjzL;&Syfbmom? *sdrf;bmom? Zdk½dkbmomtp½Sdonfh urÇmhbmomBuD;rsm; pwif xGef;um;&m ae&mvnf; jzpfygonf/ xdkbmomBuD;rsm;u tm½Swdkufom;wdkY\ ,Ofaus;rIudk vG r f ; rd k ; aeMuygonf / tm½S w d k u f o m;rsm;\ touf w mud k t"dyÜg,f½SdapNyD; wdusaocsmonfh tem*wfwpfckqDodkU ydkUaqmif ay;aeMuygonf/ onf h t jyif Religious fundamentalism [k a c:onf h bmoma&;t,loD;rIrsm;vnf; þwdkufBuD;ay:rSm jzpfay:aeMu

rmuk ('óe)

jyefygonf/ bmomt,ltqrsm; b,fvdkyifuJGaeygap? urÇmY vlom;tm;vHk;[m trSefw&m;ESifh vHk;0OóHkjynfhpHkonfh (Ultimate Reality) tjrifhqHk;tjzpfawmfudk ½SmazGaeonfh bk&m;zl; c&D;oGm;wpfzGJUyJjzpfygonf/ tm;vHk;rSmvnf; olwdkYudk,fydkif ,HkMunf&mrsm;? ynwfcsufrsm;? 0wfjyKudk;uG,fenf;rsm;? w&m;"r®rsm;\ tqHk;trrsm; udk,fpD½SdMuygonf/ udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fMuNyD; urÇmhvlUtzGJUtpnf;BuD;wpfckvHk;udk tusdK;jyKaezdkYonfvnf; ta&;BuD;vSygonf/ urÇ m h b momBuD ; rsm;rS m wl n D o nf h t csuf r sm;ud k txufu wifjycJhygNyD/ xdw k n l MD uonft h csuaf wG? ,HMk unf&m awGxJrSm ]] Way (odkUr[kwf) Journey (odkUr[kwf) Path}}? jrefrmvdk ]]vrf;? c&D;}} pum;vHk;udk bmomBuD;rsm;tm;vHk;rSm oHk;Muwmudk pdwf0ifpm;zG,f awGU&ygonf/ Oyrm - a½S;OD;c&pf,mefrsm;udk ]] the people of the Way }} vrf;jrwfawmfay:avQmufvSrf;aeolrsm;}} [kac:Muygonf/ (]]vrf;jrwfawmf}}onf c&pfawmfb&k m;½Siu f kd &nf½, G yf gonf/) tpövmrfbmomrSmvnf; ]]vrf;jrwfawmf}}onf vlwdkif;vdkuf avQmuf&m[k oifMum;ygonf/ [dE´Lbmomw&m;rSmvnf; u,fwifjcif;ESihf vGwv f yfjcif;twGuf ]]vrf;jrwf (3) oG,}f }[k oif y gonf / Ak ' ¨ b momawmf r S m vnf ; ed A Á m ef a &muf & m r*¾ i f ½ S p f y g;ud k ]]Path}} ]]vrf ; awmf } }[k oif M um;ygonf / uGefjzL;½SyfbmomrSm ]]vlom;xk\vrf;onf}} ]]The way of hu-

33

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aumif ; uif vrf ; awmf u d k } } ]]The way of Heaven}} vdkuf&rnf[kqdkygonf/ *syefEdkifiHu ½SifwdkbmomrSm bmom w&m;udk ]]The way of the gods}} ]]bk&m;rsm;\vrf;}} [k qdMk u ygonf/ tm½S w d k i f ; Ek d i f i H r sm;\ bmomw&m;rsm;tcsif ; csif ; qufE, G af erIukd xdk Way or Path (odUk r[kw)f ]]vrf;? c&D;}} pum;vH;k udkoHk;NyD; ½Sif;jyvdkygonf/ tu,fí urÇmhbmomtoD;oD;rS vlwpfa,mufpDwdkif; onf 'ku©taygif;rSvGwfajrmuf&m? tuRwfw&m;vrf;ay:rSm avQmufaeMuygonf[kqdkygvQif ,HkMunf&mrsm;? 0wfjyKudk;uG,f rIrsm;ESifh ynwfcsufrsm;tm;vHk;onf xdkbmomwdkif;uvlrsm; xdkvrf;ray:oGm;aepOfoHk;onfh ,mOf (Vehicle)ESifh ckdif;EIdif; ajymqdEk ikd yf grnf/f c&pf,mefbmomonf c&pf,mefrsm;tm;vHk;udk tjrifh qHk;tjzpfawmfodkU ydkYaqmifay;aeonfh ,mOfwpfck jzpfygonf/ c&pf,mefrsm;onf c&pf,mefomoemawmfxJrSm ½Sdae&if; tm½S wdkuf wpfwdkufvHk;ay:rS wjcm;vlrsm;onfvnf; olwdkY\bmom (odkUr[kwf) ,mOfudkpD;NyD; c&D;wpfckjyKaeMuonf[k em;vnf& ygrnf/ xdkUtwl Ak'¨omoemawmfonf Ak'¨bmom0ifrsm;udk tjrifhqHk;tjzpfawmfodkY ydkYaqmifay;onfh,mOfjzpfygonf/ Ak'¨ omoemawmf,mOfBuD;udkpD;&if; wjcm;vlrsm;vnf; olwdkYukd,fydkif ,mOfrsm;udkpD;um c&D;wpfcktwljyKaeonf[k vufcH&ygrnf/ vrf;qHk;yef;wdkifa&mufatmif ydkUay;rnfh,Ofudk xdkc&D; oGm;rsm;tm;vHk;u rdrdpdwfwdkif;us a½G;cs,fpD;eif;aeMuygonf/

manity}}

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pD;eif;vdkufygaeMuonfh ,Ofrsm;toG,foG,f&dSMuaomfvnf; c&D;qHk;rSwfwdkifrSm twlwlyifjzpfygonf/ bmomwd k i f ; u xd k c &D ; oG m ;vrf ; rBuD ; ud k trnf e mr trsdK;rsdK;ay;Muygonf/ c&D;qHk;rSwfwdkifudkvnf; uifyGef;trsdK;rsdK; wyfMuygonf/ rnfodkUyifjzpfap trSefw&m;qdkonfrSm wpfck wnf;yifjzpfygonf/ odkUaomf ynm½Sifrsm;\ t"dyÜg,f zGifhqdkrI tay:rlwnfum pum;vHk;rsm;om uGJaeMujcif;jzpfyg onf/ ydkYaqmif,mOfrsm;\ (model) armf',frsm;trsdK;rsdK; ½SdEdkif ygonf/ xdk,mOfrsm;\tpGrf;ESifh vkyfaqmifEkdifrIrsm;onf vnf; trsd K ;rsd K ;½S d w wf y gonf / bmomBuD ; rsm;\ wl n D c suf E S i f h uG m jcm;csuf r sm;onf (high way) vrf ; rBuD ; ay:rS m wpf p D wpf w ef ; ajy;aeonf h armf a wmf , mOf r sm;vd k y if trsd K ;rsd K ;½S d wwfygonf/ Oyrm - um;wpfrsdK;onf ajrjyifrSmt½SdefESifh ajy;Ekid af omfvnf; awmifwufaES;wwfygonf/ wcsKd Uum;u Bu;D jy;D wcsd K Uuao;ygonf / tNrJ w rf ; jyKjyif x m;ojzif h wcsd K Uu opfaeaomfvnf; wcsdKUujyKjyifzdkUvdktyfaeygonf/ xd k U aMumif h b,f , mOf u jzif h ]]aumif ; w,f } } b,f ,mOf u jzif h ]]yd k a umif ; w,f } } [k uRef a wmf w d k U rajymEd k i f y g/ tb,faMumifq h akd omf ]]aumif;w,f}}? ]]ydak umif;w,f}}[k qd&k mrSm bmud k M unf h N yD ; ajymwmud k twd t usrod & íjzpf ygonf / ]]awmifwufaumif;wmudk Munfhajymwmvm;}}? ]]t½Sdef rsm;rsm;eJY oGm;Ekdifwmudk qdkvdkwmvm;}} roJuJGíjzpfygonf/ c&D;qHk;udktmrcHNyD; vHkvHkNcHKNcHKta&mufydkYay;Ekdifonfh pHcsdefudkMunfhNyD;ajymrnffqdkygu xdkum;rsm;tm;vHk; aumif;Mu

rmuk ('贸e)

36

ygonf/ c&D;oGm;vrf;ay:rSm陆Sad epOf rnfow l pfO;D wpf a,muf urS rd r d p D ; vmonf h , mOf u d k r S D N yD ; r<um;oif h y g/ vrf ; c&D ; tqH k ; rSwfwdkifa&mufzdkYuom t"duuswmaMumifh jzpfygonf/ wpf c &D ; wnf ; oG m ;aeMuonf h bk & m;zl ; {nf h o nf r sm; jzpfaomaMumifh bmomw&m;tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmjcif;onf tifrwef ta&;BuD;vSygonf/ xdkodkUtcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,f jcif;jzifh twl c &D ; oG m ;azmf r sm;ES i f h &if ; ES D ; cG i f h ? pum;pjrnf a jymcG i f h &Muygvdrrhf nf/ xdktcg ]],mOfrwlbl;}}qdkonfh t,loefrIrsm; aysmuf uG,foGm;ygvdrfhrnf/ rdrd,mOfudk txifBuD;NyD; wjcm;,mOfudk txifao;pdwf? tjrifrSm;pdwfESifh txifvJGrIrsm; yaysmufEdkif ygvdrrhf nf/ [

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rmuk ('óe)

37

ajcmuf bmaMumifY ud;k uG,rf b I momw&m;tcsif;csif; ES;D aESmzvS,zf Ukd vdktyfygovJ/

yxrOD;pGm tajccHoabmw&m;onf wpfrsdK;wpfckwnf; omru tajrmuftrsm;&dNS y;D ? csO;f uyfyrkH sm; trsKd ;rsKd ;rsm;jym;jcm;em; Muonf[k vufcaH omaMumif[ h k qdkcsifygonf Oyrmjy&ygu tawG;tac:ynm&SiBf u;D aumhyeJ u D Ul pfu ]]urÇmajrBu;D [m pMu0VmBu;D &JU A[dkr[kwfyg}}[kqdkaomtcg pMu 0VmMuD;ESifhqdkifonfh oabmw&m;rsm;wGif olUcsOf;uyfyHkonf a&S;,cifu ynm&Sifrsm;ESifh uGJygonf/ wpfzef EsLwefu ]]urÇm ajrBu;D [m vH;k Ny;D olUrSm vlrY suaf phEiS rhf jrifEikd o f nfh qGt J m; &dw S ,f}}[k qdkygonf/ urÇmajrBuD;ESifhqdkifonfh tajccH oDtdk&Drsm;wGif olUtqdkonf a&S;,cifu ynm&Sifrsm;\ ,lq csufrsm;ESifh rwlawmhyg/ uRefawmfwdkUtaeESifhvnf; urÇmpMu0VmBu;D \ tajccH oabmw&m;rsm; ajrmufrsm;pGm &daS eao;ygvm;[k odvm& ygonf/

rmuk ('처e)

38

csOf;uyfyHkrsm;? avhvmyHkrsm;tay:rlwnfum tjzpf rSefawG ajrmufjrm;pGm&dSaeMuwmudk odvm&ygonf/ tb,fah Mumifh ud;k uG,rf b I momw&m;tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzdUk vkt d yfygovJqykd gu ud;k uG,&f mbmomw&m;rsm; tajrmuftrsm; &dSaeaomaMumifh (many religions)jzpfygonf/ ] bmhaMumifh wpfcw k nf;r[kwyf J ajrmufrsm;pGm &daS e&wmvJ/} txuf y gar;cG e f ; twG u f tajzES p f c k a y;Ed k i f y gonf / yxrtajzuawmh wefcdk;awmfteE책? bkef;awmfteE책t&Sif bk&m;t&Siu f kd uReaf wmfwUkd jynfjY ynf0Y 0em;rvnfEikd af om aMumifh jzpfygonf/ 'kwd,tajzrSm bk&m;&Sifonf rdrd bkef;awmfudk uRef a wmf w d k U vl o m;rsm; em;vnf E d k i f p G r f ; oavmuf o m az:xkwjf yoawmfrl ygonf/ ud, k af wmfjrwf\ w&m;awmfuv kd nf; vlUpum;ESifhom rdefYMum;qHk;rawmfrl aomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ tb,fah Mumifh ud;k uG,rf b I momw&m;tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzdUk vkdtyfygovJqdkonfh wwd,tcsufrSm (religion as response) udk;uG,frIbmomqdkonfrSm bk&m;&Sif\w&m;awmf tpkpkudk vlom;wdkUu MunfndKav;pGm ,HkMunfvufcHjcif; jzpfygonf/ bk & m;ud k , f a wmf w d k i f rd e f U Mum;qH k ; r&mrsm;ud k vl r sm;u vufcH,HkMunfjcif; jzpfygonf/ vlom;wdkY\ ,HkMunfrIonf olwdkYem;vnfrI twdkif;twmtay:rSm rlwnfygonf/ onfhtjyif xdkw&m;awmf pwifa&muf&dSxGef;um;&m ae&ma'o? toH;k tEIe;f pum;vH;k ESihf "avhx;kH wrf;rsm;onf vnf; w&m;awmfEiS t hf wl cGjJ cm;r&atmif wGv J suyf g0if vmavhygonf/ xd k t cg wpf b momES i f h wpf b mom oG e f o if & m

rmuk ('óe)

39

tcsufwpfcsufwnf;udkyif ac:a0:oHk;EIef;onfh pum;vHk;rsm; uGJaewwfMuyg onf/ oHk;qGJ&m Oyrm? Oyar,srsm;onfvnf; wlra,mifESifh uGJaewwfMuygonf/ xdkUaMumifh wpfbmomu wpfjcm;bmomwpfckudk em;vnfEdkif&ef ESD;aESmzdkUvdktyfjcif; jzpfygonf/ tb,fah Mumifh ud;k uG,rf b I momw&m;tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzdUk vkdtyfygovJqdkonfh pwkw¬tcsufrSm (striking similarities) bmomw&m;rsm;rSm tHhzG,faumif;atmif wlnDjcif;rsm; &dSaom aMumifh jzpfygonf/ c&pf,mefbmomw&m;rS ajrmufrsm;vS pGmaom oGefoifcsufrsm;udk wjcm;bmomBuD;rsm;rSmvnf; awGU&ygonf/ El;nHo Y rd af rGUoavmuf tifrwefeufev J o S nfh ud, k u f siw Yf &m;rsm;? oDvbm0emaqmufwnfrrI sm;ESihf qkawmif;arwåmjyKjcif;taMumif; oG e f o if c suf r sm;ud k ud k ; uG , f r I bmomw&m;wd k i f ; rS m awGUEdkifaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ aemufqHk;taeESifh tb,fhaMumifh udk;uG,frIbmom w&m;tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzdUk vkdtyfygovJqdkonfhtajzrSm (effect of this new awareness) vl o m;wd k U \ tawG ; tjrif r sm; opfqef;vmjcif;aMumifh[k qdk&ygrnf/ udk;uG,f&m bmomwdkif;rS ,H k M unf o l r sm;onf wjcm;bmomw&m;rsm;ud k jrif a wG U um ]]bmaMumifh onfval wG olwUkd bmomudk av;av;eufeuf ,HMk unf vufcaH e&ygvdr}Yf } qdo k nfh tjrifrsm; &daS eaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ ]]bmhaMumifY igYwdkYbmomu wjcm;bmom omoem awGxuf omw,fvYkd wpf,o l efxifae&rSmvJ/ ...}} tp&do S nfh opfviG Nf y;D ½d;k om;rSeu f efonfh av;pm;tm;ay;zG,f tawG;opftjrifopfrsm;

rmuk ('óe)

40

,aeYtcsed t f cgrSm vlwikd ;f qDrmS &daS eaomaMumifh jzpfygawmhonf/ ☯

☯

☯

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rmuk ('óe)

41

? ckESpf ? trdajrESifh bmomw&m; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;

jynfaxmifpkjrefrmEdkifiHawmfBuD;udk "avhxHk;wrf; tpHkpHk &dSonfh wdkif;&if;om;aygif;pHkESifh pkpnf;xm;ygonf/ wkdif;&if;om; toD;oD;&dSonfhtjyif rdrdwdkU,HkMunfouf0if&mtvdkuf a&G;cs,f xm;Muonfh ax&0g'Ak'¨bmom? c&pf,mefbmom? tpövmrf bmomESifh [dE´LbmomBuD;rsm;uvnf; jynfaxmifpkBuD;udk ydkrdkvSywifhw,fatmif aq;jc,fay;xm;ygonf/ trsm;pk,HkMunfudk;uG,fonfh ax&0g'Ak'¨bmom[m jynfaxmifpkBuD;xJodkY OD;pGmyxra&mufvmcJhovdk usefbmom BuD;rsm;vnf; ra&S;raESmif; a&muf&dSvmcJhMuygonf/ rnfodkYyifqdkap þbmomBuD;rsm;onf jynfaxmifpkBuD; twGif;odkU r&nf&G,fbJ rawmfwpfqa&muf&dSvmcJhMuwmawmh r[k w f y g/ jynf a xmif p k B uD ; twG i f ; rS D w if ; aexd k i f M uonf h wd k i f ; &if ; om;wd k U \ avmuD a vmuk w å & mtusd K ; arQmf u d k ; apmif h p m;aeonf h tcsd e f u sa&muf v mcJ h v d k U yif jzpf y gonf / wdkif;&if;om;rsm;\ ½dk;om;aompdwf? ESvHk;pdwf0rf;jzLpifrIESifh

rmuk ('贸e)

42

yGifhvif;ysLiSgjcif;twGuf bk&m;ay;qkwpfckvnf; jzpfygonf/ jynfaxmifpkBuD;twGif;rSm wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD;? vlrsdK;pkwpfck ESifhwpfck em;vnfvufcHMuzdkU? rwlnDMuonfh ,Ofaus;rItarG tESpfrsm;udk wefzdk;xm;av;pm;MuzdkU vdktyfygonf/ jynf a xmif p k o m;rsm; OD ; xd y f x m;ud k ; uG , f M uonh f bmomBuD;rsm;uvnf; nDnGwfpGmjzifh wdkif;usdK;jynfusdK; o,fydk; MuzdkU vdkygonf/ bmomBuD;rsm;\ rwlnDuGJjym;onfh ,HkMunfrIrsm;ESifh 0wfjyKrrI sm;udk av;pm;em;vnfMuum? wlno D nfh tjrLaw rsm;udk todtrSwfjyKum wefzdk;xm;MuzdkU vdkygonf/ 1/ wpfO;D ESiw hf pfO;D tjyeftvSeaf v;pm;em;vnfjcif;ESihf todtrSwf jyKjcif; trdajray:rSm bmomw&m;rsm;tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESm jcif;\ &nf & G , f c suf o nf wpf c k w nf ; jzpf a &;r[k w f y g/ wpf c k u aemufwpfckxJodkU ajymif;0ifoGm;zdkUtwGufvnf; r[kwfyg/ wpf c k u aemuf w pf c k u d k jznf h p G u f j yKjyif z d k U vnf ; r[k w f y g/ tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;\ t"du&nf&G,fcsufrSm jynfaxmif pkBuD; aumif;usdK;twGuf 0dkif;o,fzdkUjzpfygonf/ tjyeftvSef av;pm;em;vnfjcif;ESihf at;csr;f pGmtwl,OS w f aJG exdik zf Ukd jzpfygonf/ tjyeftvSef av;pm;em;vnfjcif;twGuf yGifYvif;az: a&Gonfh aygif;oif;qufqHa&;rsm; vdktyfygonf/ aygif;oif; qufqHa&;rsm;rSm wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; ydkrdkoduRrf;vmovdk &if;ESD;rI rsm;wdk;wufvmapygonf/ tvSLyJGESifh r*FvmaqmifyGJrsm;rSm

rmuk ('óe)

43

rdwfaqGopfrsm;wdk;wwfovdk ema&;udpörsm;rSm wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; ydkrdk&if;ESD;cGifh MuHK&wwfygonf/ tjyeftvSefav;pm;em;vnfjcif;wkd;wufzdkY&m wpfOD;ESifh wpfOD;? wpfzGJUESifhwpfzGJU? wpfbmomESifhwpfbmomwdkU\ wefzdk; rsm;udk todtrSwfjyK&ygrnf/ c&pf,mefrsm;twGuf 'kwd, AmwDuef tpnf;ta0;BuD;u ]]c&pf,mefr[kwfonfh wjcm; bmomBuD ; rsm;rS trS e f w &m;ES i f h opö m w&m;rsm;onf v nf ; vlom;rsm;tay:xm;onfY jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif\ u,fcRwfjcif; w&m;udk az:jyaejcif;jzpfonf}} [k oifMum;ygonf/ tjyeftvSefav;pm;em;vnfjcif; wkd;wufzdkY&m wpfyg; olrsm;\ ,HkMunfouf0if&mrsm;udk todtrSwfjyKavhvmzdkY vdt k yfygonf/ rSefuefNyD; &ifhusufonfh tawG;tac:rsm; &dSzdkUvnf; vdt k yfygonf/ jynfaxmifpBk u;D rSm OD;xdyx f m;ud;k uG,af e Muonfh bmomMuD;rsm;tm;vHk; jrefrmjynfrSm tpjyKay:xGef;cJh Muwm r[k w f y g/ [d E ´ L ES i f h Ak ' ¨ b momrsm;[m td E ´ d , jynf r S m pwif xGef;um;cJhovdk c&pf,efbmom[mvnf; a&S;tpöa&; wdkif;jynf rSm pwifcJhygonf/ tpövmrfbmomonfvnf; tm&yfwdkif;jynf rsm;rSm pwifcJhygonf/ xdkUaMumifh b,fbmomudkrS wdkif;wpfyg;bmom[k rpGyf pGJEdkifyg/ Oyrm - uRefawmfwdkYoHk;aeonfh armfawmfum;rsm; *syefEdkifiHrSm vkyfwmaMumifh *syefum;rsm; jzpfygonf/ *syefjynf jzpf um;jzpfygonf/ tDwvDjynfu wifydkUvmonfhum;udk tDwvDum;[kac:ygonf/ *smrPDu vmonfu h m;rSm *smrefum;

rmuk ('óe)

44

jzpfygonf/ uRefawmfu um;trsdK;rsdK;&dSonfhtxJu *syefum;udkyJ BudKufwmaMumifY wefaMu;ay;NyD; udk,fhpdwfBudKuf a&G;0,fvdkuf ygonf/ xdkum;rSm uRefawmfhum;jzpfvmygonf/ udk,fwdkif pdwfMudKufa&G;cs,fxm;onfh uRefawmftydkif udk,fydkifum;[k ac:&ygrnf / *syef j ynf r S m vk y f a yonf h uRef a wmf h u m;ud k *syefydkifum;[k rac:Edkifawmhyg/ ]]onfum;b,frSm vkyfovJ}}[k ar;&ifawmh ]]rSefygw,f *syefjynfrSmvkyfygw,f}}[k ajz&ygrnf/ uRefawmfu jrefrmjynfrSmoHk;aewmaMumifh jrefrmvlrdsK;jzpfonfh uRefawmfhtydkif jrefrmum;yJjzpfygonf/ EdkifiHjcm;um; r[kwf awmhyg/ Ak'¨bmomonf tdE´d,jynfrSm pwifxGef;um;cJhayonfh uRef a wmf p d w f M ud K uf a&G ; cs,f x m;wmrd k U uRef a wmf h b mom jzpfygonf/ rnfolurS EdkifiHjcm;bmom[k rpGyfpGJEdkifyg/ xdkUtwl c&pf,mefbmomonf tpöa&;wdkif;jynfrSm pwifcJhayonfh uRef a wmf p d w f B ud K uf a &G ; jc,f x m;onf h uRef a wmf h u d k , f y d k i f bmomjzpfygonf/ jrefrmvlrsdK;rsm; ,HkMunfudk;uG,fMuonfh bmomjzpfwmrdkY uRefawmfwdkY\ bdk;bGm;tarGtESpfvnf; jzpf ygonf/ jynfaxmifpw k iG ;f &dS bmomrsm;onf apmNy;D a&mufchJ wmESihf aemufusa&mufvmwmyJ uGJygonf/ vlrsm;pkudk;uG,f wmESifh vlenf;pkyJ uGmygonf/ tm;vHk;uawmh oabmobm0 tm;jzifh twl w l y if j zpf y gonf / Ek d i f i H a wmf u d k tk y f c sKyf c J h M uonf h acmwf t quf q uf r S bk & if r if ; rsm;ES i f h tpd k ; &wd k i f ; uvnf ;

rmuk ('贸e)

45

EdkifiHawmf\ bmomrsm;tjzpf vufcHcJhMuygonf/ jynfaxmifpk ydkif bkd;bGm;tarGtESpfrsm;tjzpf todtrSwfjyKMuygonf/ tjyeftvSefav;pm;em;vnfjcif; wkd;wufzdkY&m wpf,l oefpdwfESifh tw氓pdwfrsm; z,f&Sm;ypf&ygrnf/ vlrsm;pku vlenf; pkudk txifao;EdSrfhcswwfonfh pdwfxm;rsm; pGefUypfEdkif&ygrnf/ bmomESifh vlrsdK;? ,HkMunfouf0ifrIESifh EdkifiHa&; ra&m axG;oifhyg/ c&pf,mefbmomonf Oa&myESifh tar&duefrSm ydkrdkxGefum;wmaMumifh wdkif;wpfyg;bmom[k pGyfpGJjcif;onf jynfaxmifpkBuD;twGuf aumif;rGefaomt&mrsm; xGufay: rvmEdkifay/ trsm;pkudk;uG,fonfh bmomw&m;jzpfwmaMumifh jref r mvl r sd K ;rS e f v Qif xd k t rsm;pk u d k ; uG , f o nf h b momud k ukd;uG,f&rnfqdkonfh tawG;tjrifrsm;onf jynfaxmifpkBuD;\ tem*gwfudk aumif;aprnfr[kwfyg/ jynfaxmifpkBuD;twGif;&dS rnfonfhbmomurS usef bmomrsm;udk EdkifiHjcm;bmom[k rajymEdkifygay/ jynfaxmifpk BuD;onf e,fcsJUt*FvdyfwdkU\ vufatmufodkU cg;onf;pGm usa&mufcJh&aomfvnf; bmomw&m;rsm;onfum; t*Fvdyf e,fcsUJ w Y Ukd o,faqmifvmcJw h maMumifh jynfaxmifpBk u;D twGi;f odUk a&muf&dSvmcJhMuwmr[kwfyg/ rnfonfhbmomw&m;rS e,fcsJU t*FvdyfwdkY\ tarGtESpfr[kwfyg/ jynfaxmifpBk u;D twGi;f &dS bmomw&m;rsm;onf t*Fvyd w f Ykd jrefrmjynfxJr0ifa&mufcif? jrefrmjynfqdkwmudk t*FvdyfwdkY rMum;zl;cifuwnf;u a&muf&dSvmcJhygonf/ jrefrmjynfBuD; udk,fhrif;udk,fhcsif; udk,fhxD;udk,fheef; udk,ft&Sif udk,fhbk&ifESifh

rmuk ('óe)

46

pd k ; pH p Of u wnf ; u xd k b momw&m;rsm; a&muf & d S ud k ; uG , f cHcJhMuygonf/ bmoma&;ppfcif;NyD;vnf; ra&mufcJh ovdk? rnf o l w pf O D ; wpf a ,muf u rS v nf ; onf b momud k udk;uG,f&r,f[k t"r®jyKwdkufwGef;cJhwmaMumifhvnf; r[kwfcJhyg/ jref r mjynf o l j ynf o m;rsm;\ avmuD a vmuk w Å & m ta&; arQmf a wG ; cJ h M uonf h omoemjyKrsm;\ &d k ; om;jzLpif a om aus;Zl;w&m;rsm;yJ jzpfygonf/ c&pf , mef w pf O D ; onf rnf o l w pf O D ; wpf a ,muf \ ya&m*rSrygbJ? c&pf,mefbmomudk rdrdoabmus a&G;cs,f udk;uG,faomaMumifh c&pf,mefbmom0if jzpfvmygonf/ Ak'b ¨ mom0ifwpfO;D onfvnf; rnfow l pfO;D wpfa,muf\ t"r®tusyu f ikd jf cif;udrk rS cH&bJ rdro d abmusonfh Ak'¨ bmomudk OD;xdyfxm;udk;uG,fum Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD; jzpfvm cJhonf/ tpövmefbmom0ifwpfOD;onfvnf; tpövmefbmom w&m;udk rdro d abmus vGwv f w G v f yfvyf a&G;cs,jf y;D OD;xdyf xm; udk;uG,faeMuolrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ xdUk aMumihf tjyeftvSef av;pm;em;vnfjcif; wk;d wuf zd&Yk m ao;odrfonfh wpf,loef pdwfxm;rsm; z,f&Sm;Mu&ygrnf/ 2/ aumfydka&;&Sif; (Cooperation) pkaygif;wm0ef,lvkyfaqmifEdkifMu&ef trdajray:&dS bmomw&m;toD;oD;rS bmom0ifrsm; wdkUonf jynfaxmifpkBuD; om,m0ajympnfyifzdkUESifh tcsif;csif; pnf;vHk;nDnGwfpGm &ifabmifwef;&Sifoef&yfwnfzdkU twlwuG

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(5) rd r d u d k ol w pf y g;uem;vnf a y;apcsif o vd k ? udk,fwdkifuvnf; wpfyg;oludk em;vnfay;jcif;? bmomw&m;toD;oD;rS MunfndKolrsm;onf wpfOD;u wpfOD;udk em;vnfvufcHay;zdkU vdktyfygonf/ udk;uG,frIbmom w&m;[l铆 emrnfwlaomfvnf; bmomw&m;rsm;wGif wlnDaom ,HMk unf&mrsm;ESihf usiphf Ofrsm;udk jrwfE;kd pGmvufco H vd?k rwlnaD om ,HkMunf&mrsm;ESifh uGJjym;aomusifhpOfrsm;udkvnf; av;pm;pGm todtrSwfjyKwwfzdkU vdktyfygonf/ (6) b,fvdkavYvm&r,f? vufcH&r,fqdkwmodjcif;? udk;uG,frIbmomomw&m;rsm;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,f jcif;onf wpfbmomwnf; oD;jcm;vkyfaqmifaejcif;r[kwfyg/ tcsif;csif; zvS,faejcif; jzpfygonf/ (7) pdwfESvHk;aumif;&dSolwdkif;&JU wm0efjzpfw,fqdkwmod&dSjcif; odUk qdyk gu bmomMu;D rsm;tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzvS,f jcif;udk wwfuRr;f olrsm;om vkyEf ikd o f nf[k xifaewwfygonf/ xdu k o hJ Ukd r[kwyf g/ pdwEf v S ;kH aumif;&do S w l ikd ;f \ wm0efwpfco k m jzpfygonf/ ae&mwdkif;rSm tcsif;csif;ESD;aESmzvS,fEdkifygonf/ n

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udk;uG,frIbmomMuD;rsm;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fMuzdkU uufovpfomoemawmfrS pmcRefawmfrsm;a&;om;jyD; tm;ay; ygonf/ Oyrm - Nostra Aetate pmcRefawmfxJrSm ]]vlrsdK;pk rsm;tm;vHk;wdkYonf wpfckwnf;aom tzGJUYtpnf;BuD;tjzpf aqmufwnfxm;ygonf/ vltm;vHk;onf wlnDpGmtpjyKjyD; wpfckwnf;aomtqHk;odkU OD;wnfaeMuygonf}}[k oifMum; ygonf/ (n.1) &[ef;rif;MuD; a,m[ef (23) u vlom;xkwpf&yfvHk; arQmf v if Y a wmif Y w Muonf Y urÇ m Y n D & if ; tpf u d k armif & if ; ES r pdwfxm;udk tajrmftjrifMuD;pGmESifh todtrSwf jyKcJYygonf/ &[ef;rif;Bu;D onf ,HMk unf&mbmomtoD;oD;? tvTmtoD; oD;rS * Fr. Cris Mcvey, O. P, Interreligious Dialogue, in Dominican Formation on the Threshold of the Third Millennium, Caleruega, Nasugbu, Batangas, Philippines, January 5 to March 27, 1998, pp. 10-13.

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vl w d k i f ; ud k 0rf ; omtm;& vuf c H a wG U qH k a vY &d S y gonf / &[ef;rif;Mu;D ESihf awGUqHzk Ukd vma&mufcMYJ uonfY yk*Kd¾ vw f ikd ;f u vnf; rarYEkdifwJY tjzpfwpfcktjzpf &ifrSmpGJxif usef&pfcJYMu ygonf/ ol \ Mo0g'rsm;rS m vnf ; yJ urÇ m Y v l o m;xk M uD ; wpf c k vH k ; \ aumif;usdK;twGuf pdwfaumif;ESvHk;aumif; &dSMuolrsm; tm;vHk; yg0ifusdK;pm;MuzdkU tNrJvdk zdwfac:ygonf/ xdkUtwl &[ef;rif;MuD; qXrajrmuf aygvl;u 1964 ckESpfwGif tdE´d,jynfodkU omoemYc&D;pOf<ua&mufroGm;cif ]]nD&if;tpfudk armif&if;ESrpdwfxm;rsm;xm;zdkU txl;vdktyf aeygjy}D }[k rdeMYf um;oGm;cJyY gonf/ ,HMk unf&mbmomrsm; tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzvS,Mf uzdUk &nfp;l um a&mrm;jrKUd rSm The Secretariat for nonChristians emrnf j zif h ½k H ; wpf c k z G i f Y v S p f a y;cJ h ygonf / uufovpfomoemawmf\ urÇmb Y momMu;D rsm; tay:xm;onfh pdwfxm;yifjzpfygonf/ xdk½Hk;awmfu ]]c&pf,mef r[kwfonfh wjcm;bmomMuD ; rsm;ES i f h oif Y a vsmf o nf h ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; rsm;jyKvk y f z d k U enf ; vrf ; rsm;&S m azG z d k U jzpf y gonf / tdE, d´ Edik if aH &mufonft h cgvnf; &[ef;rif;Mu;D u ]]vlom; rsm;\ tMuD ; rm;qH k ; aom atmif j rif j cif ; qd k w m u½k P marwÅ m xm;wwfjcif;jzpfygw,f}}[k rdefUMum;oGm;cJYjyefygonf/ yxrqHk;tMudrftjzpf Dialogue pum;vHk;udk omoem awmf\1964ckESpf Mo*kwfv (6)&ufaeUpGJESifh xkwfjyefonfh Ecclesiam Suam pmcRefawmfxJrSm awGY&ygonf/ ]]uufovpf omoemawmfMuD;taeESifh twl,SOfwGJaexdkif&aom? twl vk y f u d k i f a e&aom urÇ m MuD ; ES i f h ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; pwif z d k U

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vdktyfygonf}}/ ]]uRefawmfwdkU\ xdkESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;rsm;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif\ aus;Zl;awmftultnDtm;jzifh atmifjrif aprnfhtcsdefudk apmifYpm;&rnf/ uRefawmfwdkY[m c&pf,me fr[kwfaom wjcm;bmomMuD;rsm;\ udk,fusifYw&m;rsm;ESifh avmukwÅ&ma&;&mESifh ywfoufonfh wefzdk;MuD;rm;vSaom oGefoifcsufrsm;udk todtrSwfjyK av;pm;ygonf/}} ]]bmom w&m;rsm;\ arQmfrSef;csufrsm;jzpfonfY bmomw&m;vGwfvyfcGifh? nDtpfudkpdwfxm;? ,Ofaus;rItarGtESpfrsm;? vlom;xkwpf&yf vHk;twGuf tajcaeaumif;rsm; xGufay:vma&;wdkUYudk olwdkUESifh twl uRefawmfwdkUvnf; yg0ifvkyfaqmifvdkygaMumif;}} xdk pmcRefawmfxJrSm a&;om;xkwfaz:ygonf/ uuf o vpf o moemawmf M uD ; \ 'k w d , AmwD u ef oHCm&emwiftpnf;ta0;Mu;D rSxw k jf yefonfY Nostra Aetate, Lumen Gentium, Ad Gentes, Gaudium et Spes, Dignitatis Humanae

pmcRef a wmf ( 5)ck x J r S m vnf ; bmomrsm;tcsif ; csif ; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;ESifhywfoufjyD; ½IaxmifYrsdK;pHkESifh rSmMum;ygonf/ xdkpmcRefawmfawGxJrSm ]]bmomrsm;tm;vHk;xJrSm opömw&m;ESifY aus;Zl;awmfqdkonfh ,HkMunfcsufawG&dSygaMumif;}}? ]]opömw&m; a&mif j cnf a wmf u vl o m;tm;vH k ; ud k vrf ; nT e f y gaMumif ; }}? ]]jcdK;jcHpGmusifYaomtusifhrsm;ESifh w&m;bm0em pD;jzef;jcif;qdkonfY &wemrsm; bmomwdkif;wGif &dSygaMumif;}} oifMum;ygonf/ xdk AmwDueftpnf;ta0;MuD;u ]]urÇmhbmomMuD;rsm; tm;vHk;tm; txl ; av;pm;aompd w f x m;rsm;ud k } } jr§ i f Y w if a y;ygonf / ]]twlwuGESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;? twl,SOfwGJaexdkifjcif;rsm;}}udk

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tm;ay;ygonf/ 1974ckESpf {jyDv (22)&ufrS (27)&ufaeYxd xdkif0rfEdkifiH? wk d i f a yjrd K UrS m usif ; yonf h tm&S w d k u f q &mawmf M uD ; rsm; z,f'a&;&Si;f \ nDvmcHMu;D (FABC: FEDERATION OF ASIAN BISHOPS' CONFERENCE)\ ]]omoemjyKjcif;twGuf jyifqifjcif;}} qdkonfhacgif;pOfrSm ]]usrf;pmygw&m;awmfjrwfudk a[majymjcif;}}? ]]rdrw d &Ykd aSd e&mwdik ;f rSm a'oqdik &f m omoemawmfaqmufwnf zdUk }}? ]]vlxk? ,Ofaus;rI? bmomw&m;ponfh oHk;yGifYqdkif ESD;aESm zvS,fjcif;rsm;jyKvkyfMuzdkU}} twnfjyKrSwfwrf;wifcJYygonf/ tm&SwdkufMuD;twGif;rS omoemawmfMuD;tm; ]]uRefawmfwdkY vl r sd K ;pk r sm;\ MuD ; rm;vS a om bmoma&;xH k ; wrf ; rsm;ES i f h ESD;aESmzvS,fMuyg }}[k wdkufwGef;xm;ygonf/ ]]uRefawmfwdkY\ bmoma&; xH k ; wrf ; rsm;onf wu,f a wmh uRef a wmf w d k Y bkd;bGm;rsm;\ bmoma&; cHpm;csufrsm;yJjzpfonf/ jrwfpGm bk&m;ocifonf olwt Ykd m;jzifY vlom;rsm;udk rdrd ud, k af wmfjrwfqD ac:aqmifawmfrlw,fqdkwm b,fvdkaMumifY vufrcHEkdif&ygrvJ/ xd k U aMumif Y omoemjyKjcif ; ? {0H a *vd w&m;awmf j rwf u d k aMunma[majymjcif ; qd k & mrS m tm&S wd k u f M uD ; ay:rS m &Sifoefwdk;wufaeonfY bmomMuD;rsm;ESifh yGifhvif;½dk;om;aom ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif;udv k nf; &nfp;l ygaMumif;}} oifMum;ay;cJyY gonf/ 1974ckESpfrSm usif;ycJhonfh ]]rsufarSmufacwf urÇmMuD; twGuf w&m;awmfjrwfudk aMunma[mMum;jcif;}} qdkonfh acgif;pOfESifh jyKvkyfcJhonfhtpnf;ta0;MuD;rSmvnf; ]]c&pf,mef omoemqdkonfh e,ferdwfowfrSwf abmifcwfxm;jcif;rsm;udk

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ausmfjzwfjyD; oefY&Sif;aom 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;udk ,HkMunftm; ud;k vsuf c&pf,mef r[kwaf om bmomrsm;ESihf ES;D aESm zvS,Mf uzdUk Y OD ; aqmif M uygapaMumif ; qE´ j yKwk d u f w G e f ; ygw,f } }[k xkwfaz:jyygonf/ 1975ckESpf 'DZifbmv (8)&ufaeYwGifxkwfa0onfh Apostolic Exhortation: Evangelii Nuntiandi pmcRefawmfxJ wGif uuf o vpf o moemawmf M uD ; u urÇ m h b momMuD ; rsm;ud k txl;av;pm;ygaMumif;}} az:jyygonf/ ]]tb,faMumifYqdkaomf bmomMuD;rsm;onf vlom;xkMuD;wpfckvHk;u olwdkY\ &Sifoef aeaom cHpm;csufrsm;udk xkwfaz:jyovdkufjcif;yJ jzpfygonf/ bmomMuD ; rsm;u b,f v d k a rwÅ m yd k Y q k a wmif ; &r,f ? b,f v d k aexd k i f & r,f q d k w mud k bd k ; pOf a bmif q uf vuf q if Y u rf ; oif M um;vmMuygonf ] ][k oif M um;ygonf / ]]uuf o vpf omoemawmf M uD ; taeES i f h wjcm;aombmomMuD ; rsm;ES i f h qufqH&mrSm tuefYtowfrJY? tqD;twm;ZHkrsm; uif;onfh ypöKyÜefESifh tem*wf\ omoemjyK ol&Jaumif;rsm; apvTwfMu &rnf}}[k wkdufwGef;ygonf/ 1984ck E S p f oef Y & S i f ; aom0d n mOf a wmf b k & m;yG J a eY r S m a&mrm;jrdKU&dS The Secretariat for non-Christians ½Hk;awmfrS The Attitude of the Church towards the Followers of Other Religions: Reflections and Orientations on Dialogue and Mission

pmwrf ; wpf a pmif x k w f j yef c J Y y gonf / xd k p mwrf ; xJ w G i f bmomw&m;rsm;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif; (Interreligious

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Dialogue)qdw k mudk us,u f s,jf yefUjyefU t"dygÜ ,fziG q Yf akd y;yg onf/

]]ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif;qdo k nfrmS ndE§ idI ;f wkid yf ifjcif; wpfcw k nf; r[kwyf g/ wpf O D ; pD r S m a&m tzG J Y t oif ; rsm;rS m yg yG i f Y v if ; ½d k ; om;pG m em;vnf w wf j cif ; ES i f h wk d ; wuf j cif ; od k Y a&S U &I w wf o nf h twl,OS w f aJG exdik jf cif;taMumif;rsm;yg xnfo Y iG ;f pOf;pm;&rnf}}[k oifMum;ygonf/ ]]c&pf , mef t ouf w mud k o uf a ocH j cif ; ? vl o m;xk wpfckvHk;tm; ulnDaxmufyHhjcif;? arwÅmydkUqkawmif;jcif;? w&m; bm0empD;jzef;jcif;rsm;wdUk udk wjcm;bmomrsm;rS ,HMk unf olrsm;ESihf twl v S r f ; avQmuf M uzd k U ? vl o m;tusd K ;jyK pD r H u d e f ; rsm;ud k wjcm;bmomrsm;rS y k * ¾ d K vf r sm;ES i f h t wl vk y f a qmif M uzd k Y } } Ed;I aqmfygonf/ 1986ckESpf atmufwdkbmv (27)&ufaeY tDwvDEdkifiH tmpDpjD rKd UawmfrmS &[ef;rif;Mu;D 'kw, d ajrmuf a,m[ef aygvl;u urÇmhjidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf tpma&Smifjcif;ESifh qkawmif; ay;MuzdkU c&pf , mef t oif ; uG J r sm;tm;vH k ; ES i f h urÇ m h b momMuD ; rsm;rS ud k , f p m;vS , f a wmf M uD ; rsm;ud k zd w f a c:cJ h y gonf / xd k p k a ygif ; qk a wmif ; yG J o nf AmwD u ef t pnf ; ta0;MuD ; \ zd w f a c: csufjzpfonfh urÇmhbmomMuD;rsm; twlwuG ESD;aESmzvS,fa&;udk taumiftxnfaz:vdkufwmyJ jzpfygonf/ &[ef;rif;MuD;u rdefYcGef;acRw&m;>rufMum;&mrSm ]]uREkfyfwkdYtm;vHk; jidrf;csrf;a&;ESifh nDnGwfjcif;wdkYü twlwuG vSrf;avQmufMuzdkU MudK;pm;Murvm; (odUk r[kw)f ud, k [ hf mud, k f woD;woefpY aD eMujy;D rdrw d Ukd tyg t0if wpf y g;ol r sm;tm;vH k ; ysuf p D ; qH k ; &H I ; apMurvm;...}}vd k Y

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rdeMYf um;oGm;cJyY gonf/ &[ef;rif;Mu;D 'kw, d ajrmuf a,m[efaygvl;\ 1990 ckEpS f 'D Z if b mv (7)&uf a eY Y x k w f j yef c J h o nf h Redemptoris Missio pmcRefawmfxJrSm ]]wjcm;bmomMuD;rsm;rS nDtpfudk armifESrrsm; ESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;}}qdkwmudk oD;oefYtcef;wpfcktaeESifh xkwfjyefygonf/ ]]bmomaygif;pHkESifh ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;onf omoemawmfMuD;\ 0rf;ajrmufzG,f&m owif;aumif;ausnm a[mMum;jcif; wpfpdwfwpfykdif;jzpfygonf/ . . . vlom;rsm;udk omoemjyKjcif;\ qefu Y sizf ufr[kwyf g/ ...omoem awmfMu;D u bmomrsm;aygif ; pH k E S D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; ES i f h jrwf p G m bk & m; ocifc&pfawmft&Sif\ w&m;awmfudk aMunma[majymjcif; tMum;rS m bmrS t [eY f t wm;r&d S y g/}} &[ef ; rif ; MuD ; txl ; tav;xm; rdefYMum;a&;om;xm;wmu ]]rsm;jym;vSpGmaom omoemjyKrsm;ES i f h c&pf , mef t zG J U tpnf ; rsm;onf ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; ES i f h ywf o uf 铆 em;vnf v G J M uovd k tcuf M uH K aeMuygonf/ olwpfyg;tm; tapcHrIjyKum ulnDay;jcif;ESifh jrwfpGmocif c&pfawmfbk&m;&Sifudk oufaocHjcif;rsm;udkom tm;oefaeMuygonf/ olwdkYudk uREfkyftm;ay;vdkygonf/}} 1991ckESpf oefY&Sif;aom0dnmOfawmfyGJaeYrSm a&mrm;jrdKUrS Secretariat for non-Christians\ emrnftopfjzpfonfh The Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue ESihf Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples wdkY yl;wGJjyD; Dialogue and Proclamation rS w f w rf ; pmwpf a pmif xk w f j yef c J Y y gonf / xd k p mxJ w G i f ]]bmomaygif;pHn k D ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif;onf trdomoemawmf Mu;D \

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u@wpfpdwfwpfydkif;jzpfjyD;? ocifa,Zl;c&pfawmf bk&m;tm;jzifY jrwf p G m bk & m;ocif \ u,f w if a wmf r l j cif ; ud k aMunma[majymjcif;[m wpfjcm;u@wpfckvnf;jzpfonf/ ...wpfckudka&G;jyD; usefwpfckudk vspfvsK½Iypfy,f rxm;Edkifyg/ ES p f c k p vH k ; [m w&m;0if o vd k r&d S r jzpf v d k t yf y gonf / ...

0dnmOfawmfbk&m;&Sif\ qHk;roGefoifvrf;nTefrIESifh tvif;ay; aejcif ; ud k od e m;vnf z d k Y v d k y gonf / c&pf , mef r sm;tm;vH k ; yg0ifMuzdu Yk v kd nf; tav;xm;zdwaf c: tyfygonf/ wm0ef wpfc[ k k oabmxm;wmxuf ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; ES i f h aMunm a[majymjcif ; wd k Y [ m qk a wmif ; arwÅ m ü &S m azG a wG U Ed k i f o nf h aus;Zl;awmfrsm;yJ jzpfygonf/}} 1995ckEpS f pufwifbmv (14) &ufaeYrmS tmz&du wdu k f uufovpfq&mawmfMuD;rsm;\ oHCmtpnf;ta0;MuD; tjyD;rSm &[ef ; rif ; MuD ; 'k w d , ajrmuf a ,m[ef a ygvl ; u bmomMuD;rsm;tMum; twlwuGESD;aESmzvS,fMuzdkUY xnfYoGif; rderYf mS oGm;cJyY gonf/ 1996ckESpf pufwifbmvxJrSm The International Theological Commission rS Christianity and the World Religions qdo k nfh pmwrf ; wpf a pmif xk w f j yef c J Y y gonf / ]]wpf c k w nf ; aom vrf;jrwfjzpfonfh ocifc&pfawmfbk&m;&SifrSm OD;rwnfayonfY jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifxHawmfjrwfodkY ydkYaqmifray;aom vrf;[lí r&dSyg/ ar;&rSmu u,fwifawmfrljcif;twGuf trdomoem awmfMuD;taMumif;ESifh jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif MuD;jrifYjrwfaom a&TOmPfawmfwdkYonf twl,SOfwGJaeygovm;qdkwmudk ar;&

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ygrnf / trd o moemawmf M uD ; onf 0d n mOf a wmf b k & m;&S i f jyKjyifvrf;nTefawmfrlaom tcGifYxl;ae&mjzpfygonf/ odkUaomf þuJo h Ukd ajymaomfjim;vnf; c&pf,mefw&m;awmf[m tm;vH;k xuf omvG e f w ,f v d k Y a wmh rqd k v d k y g/}} ]]trS e f w &m;[m trS e f w&m;jzpfoí tjrJomvGefaeygonf/ odkYayod uRefawmfwdkY twGuf vdt k yfaew,f[k xif&mS ;pGmjyoaeaom ocif c&pfawmf bk & m;&S i f \ trS e f w &m;uawmh uRef a wmf w d k U twG u f tjrJwrf;yJjzpfygonf/}} ]]rnfonfYa[majymcsufrsdK;yifjzpfap em,lolrsm;udk tcGifhaumif;,lwkyfaESmifygvQif ocif&pfawmf bk&m;&Sifudk qefYusifjcif;yJjzpfygonf/}} &[ef;rif;MuD; 'kwd,ajrmuf a,m[ef aygvl; udk,fawmf onf urÇmb h momMu;D rsm;tcsi;f csi;f ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif; taMumif; tcgtm;avsmpf mG wuf<upGm tm;ay;rdeMYf um;awmfrl avh &dyS gonf/ xdkrdefYMum;csufrsm;rS wcsdKUrSm... ]]bmomrsm;aygif;pHk trSew f u,f tav;xm;ES;D aESmzvS,Mf ujcif;[m vlYu,fwifjcif;twGuf aqG;aEG;jcif;jzpfygw,f/ bmvdv Yk q J akd wmh bmomBu;D rsm;ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif; [m [dk;t&ifuwnf;u jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sifudk,f awmfwdkif vlom;rsm;eJY <uvmcJYwmudk jyefvnf qef;opfjcif;? yd k r d k e m;vnf a tmif v k y f j cif ; ? yd k r d k yD j yif a tmif vk y f j cif ; yJ j zpf y gw,f / }} (1992ck E S p f Ed k 0 bF m v (13)&uf) ]]bmomMuD;rsm;tcsif;csif; ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;[m jrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif uREykf w f t Ykd v,foUkd <uvmawmfral pjcif;yJ jzpf w,f/

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bmvd k Y v J q d k a wmh uREf k y f w d k Y w pf O D ; eJ Y w pf O D ; &if z G i f Y M ud K qd k j cif ; [m jrwf p G m bk & m;ocif u d k BudKqdkjcif;yJjzpfygw,f/}} (1986ckESpf azazmf 0g&Dv (5)&uf) ]]bmomBuD ; rsm;tcsif ; csif ; ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; [m jrwf p G m bk & m; ocifudk,fawmfwdkif tvdkawmf&dSwJY vkyfaqmifjcif; wpfckjzpfygw,f/}} (1987ckESpf {jyDv (28)&uf) ]]c&pf,mefrsm;tm;vHk;[m pdwfaumif;ESvHk;aumif;&dSMuwJY usm;^r ra&G;vltm;vHk;eJYtwl vufNrJNrJwGJxm;Muygw,f/ ydkNyD;w&m;rQwwJY? ydkNyD;Nidrf;csrf;wJY todkif; t0dkif;rsm; wnfaqmufzYkd uREykf w f Ykd twlwuG vkyaf qmifMuygpd/Yk tJ ' D t xJ r S m tm;vH k ; wd k Y x uf yd k N yD ; cHpm;ae&wJYolrsm;uawmh tzufzufu csdKUwJYaeol qif;&Jom;rsm; jzpfMuygw,f/}} (1981ckESpf rwfv (2) &uf) ]]c&pf,mefrsm;eJY tp枚vmrfbmom0ifrsm;[m wpfOD;eJYwpfOD; trsm; BuD ; em;vnf v G J a ecJ Y M uygw,f / twd w f u mv wpf c k r S m wk e f ; u uREf k y f w d k Y wpf O D ; ud k w pf O D ; u qefYusifcJYMuw,f/ tjiif;yGm; cJYMuw,f/ ppfyGJ awG q if N yD ; wd k u f c d k u f c J h M uw,f / uREk f y f w d k Y & J U 'D a [mif ; EG r f ; NyD ; tysuf b uf o d k Y O D ; wnf a ewJ Y pd w f x m;awG u d k jyKjyif M uzd k U jrwf p G m bk & m;ocif udk,fawmfwdkif uREfkyfwdkYudk 'DaeYzdwfac:aew,f vdkY uREkfyfav;av;eufeuf ,HkMunfygw,f/}} (umpm bvefUum 1985ckESpf) ]]...wref a wmf B uD ; rsm;wm0ef j zpf w J Y bmomaygif ; pH k ES D ; aES m

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zvS,fjcif;eJU w&m;a'oemawmfjrwfudk aMunm a[majymjcif ; awG jzpf a y:vmapzd k Y uREk f y f p d w f &nfoef ylyefryd gw,f/ vGecf w YJ YJ uREyfk &f UJ tmz&du wdkufodkYc&D;jyKcJYpOfu tmz&du 陆dk;&mbmom rsm;rS acgif ; aqmif r sm;eJ Y awG U qH k c G i f Y &cJ Y y gw,f / olwdkYwpfawG jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifxHawmfrSm eD;eD; uyfuyf&aSd eMuw,fvYkd cHpm;rdMuwmudk awGcY YJ &w,f/ olww Ykd pfawG&UJ Y bk&m;vl w&m;vltjzpf xif&mS ;apwJY ud k , f u sif Y w &m;rsm;ud k av;pm;Nrwf Ed k ; pG m avhvmcJ&h ygw,f/}} (1987ckEpS f a&mrm;jrKd U) ]]wpfyg;olrsm;eJY av;pm;rItjynfhygwJY ESD;aESmzvS,fjcif;rsm;rSm olwdkY&JU tawG ; tjrif a wG u d k avh v mcG i f h & w,f / trSefw&m;qdkwmudk uREfkyfwdkY ydkrdkem;vnfvm w,f/ tay:,H t jzpf o abmrsd K ;r[k w f y J vl w d k i f ; u rdrdbmom&JU ,HkMunf&mrsm;udk t&dStwdkif; ESD;aESm zvS,fMur,fqdk&if toD;tyGifYa0qmNyD; tusdK; rsm;wJ Y ES D ; aES m zvS , f j cif ; rsm; xG u f a y:vmay vdrfYr,f/}} (*smumwm? 1989) d

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? wpfq,f ? ,HkMunfrIESifh ,Ofaus;rI &SifwGJ&dSaejcif; &[ef;rif;Bu;D 'kw, d ajrmuf a,m[efaygvl;u ]]wuú odv k Ef iS hf aumvdyaf usmif;rsm;rSm ausmif;olausmif;om;rsm;udk oDt&kd aD wGuo kd m oif M um;ay;½H k r [k w f b J pD ; yG m ;a&;? ,Of a us;rS K ? enf ; ynmES i f h od y Ü H y nmawG u d k OD ; aqmif E k d i f o nf h yk * d ¾ K vf r sm;jzpf v mzd k U oifMum;ay;oifhonf/ udk;uG,f,HkMunfrIUESifh ,Ofaus;rIrsm;wGif udk,fwdkifyg0ifNyD; OD;aqmifEdkifonfhacgif;aqmifrsm; ay:xGufvmzdkU oifMum;ay;oifYonf}}[k 1995ckESpf zdvpfydkifEdkifiH reDvmjrdKUodkY <ua&mufcJYpOfu rdefUMum;oGm;cJYygonf/* uufovpfomoemawmfordkif;wGif udk;uG,f,HkMunfrIUESifh ,Ofaus;rSKUwdkUonf omoemawmfpwifuwnf;uyif twl,SOfwGJ &d S a ecJ Y y gonf / omoemawmf M uD ; tpwnf c J Y w muvnf ; ,Of aus;rIrwlol? pum;rwlol todkif;t0dkif;rsm;rSm jzpfygonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm udk;uG,f,HkMunfrIUonf ,Ofaus;rIUtoGif ajymif;rvmygvQif rnfonfhvlUtzGJUtpnf;urS jynfYjynfU00vufcH rSmr[kwfyg/ rnfolurS ,Hk,HkMunfMunfpOf;pm;rSm r[kwfyg/ * Pope John Paul II, Speeches of His Holiness Pope John Paul II, Word and Life Publications, Makati, Metro Manila, 1995, p. 22.

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Oyrm opfyifwpfyifonf olaygufa&mufaeonfh hae&m&dS ajrBuD;xJodkU olUtjrpfrsm; rxkd;0ifEkdifygvQif b,fawmYrS toD; roD;Edkifovdk udk;uG,f,HkMunfrIUonfvnf; toD;tyGifYa0qmzdkU ,Ofaus;rSKajrMu;D xJrmS olUtjrpfawG xd;k 0ifEikd &f ygrnf/ tJvjkd zpf vmzdUk ud k ; uG , f , H k M unf r I U onf ,Of a us;rI U ES i f h ,S O f w G J a e&ygrnf / udk;uG,f,HkMunfrIonf ,Ofaus;rIudk jr§ifYwifay;&ygrnf/ ud k ; uG , f , H k M unf r I U wpf c k \ yxrOD ; qH k ; aom 0wå & m;rS m olUudkvufcHudk;uG,f&ma'o&dS ,Ofaus;rIU\ tzdk;rjzwfEdkifonfh t&mrsm;ud k tod t rS w f j yK&rS m jzpf y gonf / vlwpfOD;pDwkdif;rSm aumif;wma&m raumif;wmyg a&maESm&dSaewwfouJhodkU ,Ofaus; rI w d k i f ; rS m vnf ; wef z d k ; te*¢ x d k u f o nf h tarG t ES p f r sm;ES i f h t wl rjynf h p H k a o;onf h tcsuf r sm;vnf ; a&mygEd k i f y gonf / od k U aomf <u,f0jcif;ESifh wefzdk;BuD;rm;rIrsm; yg&SdaewmaMumifY xdkt&mrsm; wd;k yGm;atmif vkyaf y;&ef ud;k uG,, f MkH unfr\ I wm0efomjzpfygonf/ xdkUaMumifh uRefawmfwdkUwpfOD;pDwGif em;axmifwwfonfh tusifYrsm;vdkygonf/ toHudkomMum;Edkifonfhem;ESifh em;axmif jcif;rsdK;r[kwfbJ? oabmxm;BuD;pGm em;vnfvufcHay;wwfonf ESvHk;om;ESifh em;axmifwwfzdkU vdktyfygonf/ ESvHk;om; t&if; wnf o nf h em;axmif a wG U jrif j cif ; jzif h o m uk d ; uG , f , H k M unf r I u d k ,Ofaus;rIESifhtwl &SifoefEdkifapygvdrfhrnf/ ☯

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wpfMo oufaocHoGm;cJhMuygonf3/ t&Sib f &k m;\ toufrchJ E¨mawmfjrwfukd *loiG ;f oj*KØ [zf Ukd wynfhawmfwcsdKUonf bk&ifcHcsKyfxHrS tcGifh&cJh Muygonf/ touf r J h c E¨ m awmf j rwf u d k oj*Ø K [f x m;cJ h M uonf h *l a wmf u d k aeUnrjywf a pmif h M uyf a pzd k U yD v mwl ; rif ; u a&mrm; ppfwyfwpfwyfudk MuyfMuyfrwfrwfcsxm;apcJhygonf/ wpfOD; wpfa,mufwnf; vG,fvG,fra&TUEdkifonfh tvHk;MuD;ausmufwHk; wpfvHk;ESihf *lawmft0udkvnf; ydwfqdkUxm;apcJhygonf/ rnfoUk dyif apmifah eMuyfaeapumrl (3)&ufajrmufonfh aeUrSm touf r J h c E¨ m awmf r &d S a wmh b J *l a wmf [ m [mvm[if ; vif ; jzpfaewmudk tHhMozG,fawGUMu&ygonf/ t&S i f b k & m;onf bk & m;w&m;awmf E S i f h ed r d w f p um; Asm'dwfxm;cJhonfhtwdkif; 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;taygif;ESifh aojcif; w&m;udk atmifjrifawmfrlum bkef;awmf*kPfawmfESifh &Sifjyef xajrmufawmfrlygonf/ taMumif;aMumif;aom qif;&J'ku©taygif;ESifh r&P aojcif;w&m;udk atmifjrifawmfrlvsuf bkef;awmftaygif;ESifh jynfhpHkawmfrlaom rdrdcE¨mudk,fawmf[m tppftrSefjzpfaMumif; wynfhom0uMuD;rsm;tm; tMudrfMudrftcgcg? tzefzeftvDvD bkef;xif&Sm; jyoawmfrlcJhygonf/ rdrdudk,fawmfudk jrifawGUcGifh? xd M unf h c G i f h j yKcJ h y gonf / ud k , f a wmf E S i f h t wl & d S a ecG i f h j yKxm; awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ 3/ (&SifrmawOD; 27;54)

rmuk ('óe)

71

&S i f j yef x ajrmuf a wmf r l N yD ; aemuf wynf h o m0uMuD ; rsm;uvnf; aojcif;ESifh 'ku©qif;&Jjcif;taygif;udk atmifjrif awmfrlaomt&Sifudk rdrdwdkUrsufpdESifh aocsmjrifawGUcJh&aMumif;? rdrdwdkUvufESifh xdodudkifwG,f prf;oyfcJhMuaMumif;? xdkt&SifESifh twlpm;cJhMu aomufcJhMuaMumif; toufay;um oufaocH cJMh uygonf/ wpf a eUwG i f ol w d k U rsuf a rmuf r S m yJ t&S i f b k & m;onf txufrdk;aumif;uifodkU bkef;*kPfawmfESifh yifhaqmifcH&ygonf/ bk&m;bkef;tvif;a&mifjcnfawmfESifh jynfh0aeonfh udk,fawmfudk avmursuaf phEiS hf zl;awGUEdik pf rG ;f rsm;vnf; tqH;k owfomG ;cJh ygonf/ xdUk twl ud, k af wmfjrwf\ þvlUavmu vlUb0ouf awmfpOfEiS hf omoemjyKjcif;onfvnf; NyD;qHk;oGm;cJhygonf/ urÇmavmu pMu0VmMu;D ukeq f ;kH csed rf mS t&Sib f &k m;onf vlom;wpfOD;tjzpfESifhr[kwfbJ bkef;awmf*kPfawmftaygif; aqmifvsuf bk&m;tjzpfawmftxift&Sm;ESifh wpfzef<uvm awmfrlvdrfhrnff/ xdktcg udk,fawmfjrwfonf a[mMum;awmfrlcJhonfh w&m;awmf E S i f h t nD usif h a qmuf w nf M uol a,muf s m;rd e f ; r tm;vH;k aom ykxkZOfwdkYtm; olwdkUtusifhoDvESifhtnD rpawmf rlvrd rhf nf/ ud, k af wmfjrwf\ oufawmfpOfEiS hf a[mMum;awmfrcl ahJ om w&m;"r®rsm;rS t"duusonfh w&m;awmfrsm;udk t&Sifjrwf\ wynfhom0uMuD;rsm;rSwpfqifh uRefawmfwdkU em,lMu&ygonf/ xdkw&m;tpkpkudk usrf;pmtkyftjzpf ayxuftu©&mwif a&;om;

rmuk ('óe)

72

xm;cJMh uygonf/ xdkusrf;rsm;udk "r®opfusrf;[k ac:ygonf/ usrf;pmtkyf awmf M uD ; \ aemuf w pf y d k i f ; uawmh *sL;bmom0if r sm;a&m c&pf,mefrsm;yg vufcH,HkMunfonfh "r®a[mif;usrf;jzpfygonf/

2/ omoemawmfjyefYyGm;jcif;ESifh wdk;wufvmjcif; pwifw&m;a[mwJt h csed rf pS wifum rdrEd iS t hf wl &daS eapzdUk udk,fawmfjrwfonf wynfhom0uMuD;wpfpkudk a&G;cs,fcJhygonf/ usrf ; pmawmf t &od & onf r S m t&S i f j rwf o nf tzcrnf ; awmf b k & m;xH qk a wmif ; awmf r l j yD ; xd k w ynf h om0ursm;ukd aemufawmfuvdu k zf Ukd a&G;cs,af c:awmfrcl hJ ygonf/ rdrdw&m;awmfjrwfudk qufvufa[mMum;zdkU? rdrdudk,fawmfESifh twl t jrJ & d S a eapzd k U om0uMuD ; rsm;ud k (12)yg;tjzpf a&G ; aumuf a wmf r l c J h y gonf / xd k U aMumif h ol w d k Y u d k ]]wynfhawmfMuD;rsm;}} [kac:ygonf/ t"dyÜg,frSm ]]apvTwf jcif;cH&olrsm;}} jzpfygonf/ udk,fawmfjrwfonf olwdkYudk rdrdudk,fawmf\ omoem awmf r S m a&m rd r d \ wef c d k ; awmf r sm;ES i f h w&m;awmf r S m yg wpfoD;wpfjcm;ae&m ay;tyfxm;awmfrlcJhygonf/ oufawmf xif & S m ;oD w if ; oH k ; awmf r l p Of y if xd k o l w d k U ud k ygvuf p wd k i f ; wpfjynfvHk;&dS jrdKU&Gmaus;vufa'orsm;odkU tBudKtMum;ygrusef w&m;a'oemawmf a[majymzdkU apvTwfawmfrlcJhygonf/

rmuk ('óe)

73

xd k w ynf h a wmf M uD ; rsm;rS wynh f M uD ; &S i f a yw½k u d k rdrdt&dyft&mudkcH,lzdkU a&G;cs,fcefUtyfxm;awmfrlcJhygonf/ ]]oif\,HkMunfpdwf rysufapjcif;iSg igonfoifhtzdkU qkawmif; avjyD/ oifhtvSnfha&mufaomtcg oifonfvnf; oif\ nDtpfudkwdkUudk tm;ay;axmufrvsuf wnfMunfapavmh}} qdkonfhtrSmpum;awmfrsm;rdefUMum;jyD; ,HkMunfoltaygif;tm; oif M um;qH k ; rumapmif h a &S m uf z d k U tyf E S i f ; xm;cJ h y gonf (&Sifvkumusrf; 22;32)/ c&pfawmfbk&m;&Sifonf &Sifayx&l;ESifh wjcm;wynfh awmfMuD;rsm;tm; 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;&Sif\ txl;ulnDapmifh a&Smufru I kd uwdxm;awmfrcl yhJ gonf/ 0dnmOfawmf bk&m;&Sio f nf olwdkUudk trSefw&m;odkU tvif;jyvrf;nTefawmfrlrnf/ odkUrSom t&Sifjrwf\ w&m;awmfudk vlom;tm;vHk;xHodkU wdusrSefuefpGm a[mMum;Edkifayrnf/ t&Sifjrwfudk,fawmfwdkif a[mMum;awmfrlonfh jrifhjrwf awmfral omw&m;awmfukd urÇmMu;D ay:rSm qufvuf a[mMum;zdUk olwUkd udk wm0efay;tyfcyhJ gonf/ ud, k af wmf&iS \ f emrawmf jrwfü aq;aMumjcif;? tjypfrsm;tcGiv hf w T jf cif;? t&Sijf rwf\ eufev J aS om taoG;awmf tom;awmfjrwfukd usi;f yjcif; jzpfonfh rpäm;ylaZmfjcif; ponf h o ef Y & S i f ; aom t&mrsm;usif ; yzd k U tcGifhay;oem;awmfrlcJhygonf/ t&S i f j rwf u wynf h a wmf M uD ; rsm;tm; ]]aumif ; uif b H k ü vnf ; aumif ; ? ajrMuD ; ay:üvnf ; aumif ; ? ydkifqdkifawmfrlaom tcGifhwefcdk;&dSorQudk igcH&jyD/ oifwdkYonf

rmuk ('óe)

74

oGm;Muí vltaygif;wdUk tm; ig\ wynfh om;orD; jzpfapMuvsu?f crnf ; awmf ? om;awmf ? 0d n mOf awmf \ emrawmf j rwf ü aq;aMumjcif;ay;Muavmh/ igonf oifwdkUtm; ay;orQaom ynwfawmfwdkUudk apmifha&Smufapjcif;iSg qHk;ra[mMum;Muavmh/ igonf vnf; urÇmukefonfhwdkif oifwdkYESifhtwl tpOfrjywf &d S a ernf } }}[k rd e f U Mum;awmf r l v suf rd r d \ w&m;awmf j rwf u d k avmuurÇmMuD;ay:rSm a[mMum;zdkU apvTwfawmfrlcJhygonf (&SifrmóJusrf; 28;18-20)/ a,&It&Sio f nf wynfah wmfMu;D rsm;\ tpGr;f wefc;kd awmf oauFwtjzpf thHzG,fwefcdk;rsm; jyKvkyfEdkifcGifh ay;tyfcJhygonf/ trS e yif tH h z G , f & mrsm;jyKvk y f w mud k ol w d k U acwf u vl r sm; jrifawGUcJhMuavonf/ olwdkUjrifawGUMuonfudkvnf; oufao cH c J h M uavonf (&S i f r muk u srf ; 16;17? &S i f v k u m 10;17? wrefawmf0w¬K 3;6)/ a,½Ic&pfawmfbk&m;&Sifonf aojcif;w&m;ESifh trsdK; rsKd ;aom qif;&J'u k t © aygif;udk atmifjrifawmfrjl y;D bke;f *kPf awmfEiS hf &Sijf yefxajrmufawmfrjl cif;aemuf &ufaygif; (50)? wpfenf;tm;jzifh t&Sib f &k m; onfavmuurÇmajrMu;D udk pGeUf cGmawmfrjl y;D (10)&uf ajrmuf o nf h a eUrS m yif wynf h a wmf B uD ; rsm;onf 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;&Sifudk cH,lcJhMuavonf/ xdUk aemufcsucf si;f yif wynfah wmfMu;D rsm;onf w&m;awmf pwifa[mMum;Muavonf/ wynfah wmfMu;D rsm;\ w&m;awmfukd em,ljy;D ,HMk unfvufcMH uolrsm;udk aq;aMumjcif; ay;Muavonf/ (aq;aMumjcif;qdo k nfrmS c&pfawmf&iS \ f w&m;awmfukd em,lvsuf

rmuk ('óe)

75

,HkMunfvufcHum t&Sifjrwftm; rdrdudk;uG,ftm;xm;&mtjzpf ,HkMunf0efcHjcif;tcef;tem; jzpfygonf/ xdktcef;tem;wGif ,HMk unfjcif;0efco H \ l ezl;ay:wGif a&avmif;csum bdoo d af y;onfh bmoma&; tcrf;tem;wpfck jzpfygonf/ a&qdo k nfrmS oefpY ifjcif;? aq;aMumok w f o if j cif ; ? jzLpif a pjcif ; ? topf j zpf a pjcif ; ponf h t "d y Ü g ,f r sm;ygwmaMumif h a&ES i f h e zl ; rS m avmif ; jyD ; aq;aMumjcif;oauFwtjzpf jyKygonf/ a&udk ,HkMunfol\ ezl;ay:rSmavmif;&if; aq;aMumjcif;ay;olu ]]crnf;awmf? om;awmf ? oef Y & S i f ; aom0d n mOf a wmf \ emrawmf j rwf ü igonf o if h u d k a&jzif h a q;aMumonf } }[k &G w f q d k y gonf / xd k b moma&; tcrf ; tem;jyKvk y f z d k U c&pf a wmf b k & m;&S i f udk,fawmfwdkif pD&ifrSmMum;cJhygonf/ xdkUaemuf c&pf,mefwpfOD; jzpfvmjyD;? c&pf,mefomoemawmfMuD;\ bmom0if wpfOD; jzpfvmygonf)/ xdk,HkMunfolrsm;onf omoemawmfMuD;\ yxrOD;qHk; ]tjrKawrsm;} jzpfvmcJhygonf/ a&S;OD;omoemawmfMuD;rSm tm&S? tmz&duESihf Oa&mywkdufMuD;rsm;rSvlrsm; yg0ifcJhMuaMumif; omoemh&mZ0ifawmfMu;D u oufaoxlygonf/ a,½kZvdijf rKd U om;? a&mrm;jrdKUom;? {zufjrdKUom;? tefwDatmhESifh tmvufZjE´D;,m;rS vl r sm;yg0if c J h o nf h a&S ; OD ; omoemawmf M uD ; jzpf o nf h c&pf , mef r d o m;pk M uD ; rS m vl r sd K ;aygif ; pH k pum;aygif ; pH k E S i f h tqifhtwef;rcGJ? usm;/r rcGJyJ twl&dSaecJhMuygonf/ c&pf,mef w&m;awmfa&muf&dScJh&m ae&ma'owdkif;rSm vl o m;wd k U twG u f tyg,f p G e f U cG g onf h tuRwf w &m;awmf

rmuk ('óe)

76

tarG t ES p f t jzpf pG J j rJ a pcJ h y gonf / jrwf w &m;awmf o nf vlrsdK;wdkif;\vlU*kPfodu©mESifh bmomomoemhwefzdk;rsm;udk ayGUydkufygonf/ vlUwefzdk;? vlUodu©meJU vlUtcGifhta&;rsm; qH k ; &H l ; aponf h tzsuf o abmw&m;rsm;ud k ed * H k ; csKyf a pjyD ; a,&Ic&pfawmfbk&m;&Sifü &Sifoefapygonf/ od k Y a omf &mpk E S p f r sm; tvD v D a jymif ; vmwmES i f h t rQ jyKd iq f ikd w f wfonf v h o l abm? vlrsKd ;pGEJ ikd if pH pJG w d x f m;ESihf rsm;jym;vS onfh em;vnfvrJG EI iS hf rmefrmersm;aMumifh c&pf,mefrsm; tMum;rSm oabmxm;uGJjym;jcif;? t,luGJjcif;ESifh tjrifuGJjcif; rsm;ESifhtwl c&pf , mef t oif ; uG J r sm; ay:ayguf c J h & ygonf / pfvH a,½I&Sifudk,fawmfwdkif ]]olwUk d tm;vH;k onf wpnf;w wpf v;k H wnf; &daS pawmfryl g}} [k (&Sifa,m[efusrf; 17;21) qkawmif;awmf rlcyhJ gw,f/ vGwfvyfjcif;ESifY ppfrSefonfhwdk;wufajymif;vJjcif;udk qmavmifiwfrGwfaeaom rsufarSmufacwf vlom;urÇmMuD;rSm uuf o vpf o moemawmf M uD ; onf vG w f j id r f ; csrf ; omjcif ; tppftrSeaf y;awmfro l nfh w&m;"r®awmfukd a[majymae ygonf/ trdomoemawmfMuD;taeESihf ordkif;wpfavQmufrSm rdrd\ rjynfhpHkrI? tm;enf;rIrsm;udk owdjyKrdcJhygonf/ w&m;awmfudk xd a &muf p G m ra[majymEd k i f c J h w mud k 0ef c H y gonf / rsuaf rSmufacwfvo l m;rsm;\ vdt k yfcsut f wGuf a,&l c&pfawmf bk&m;&Si\ w&m;awmfEiS t hf nD jyKjyifjcif;rsm;ESihf ajymif;vJjcif;rsm; jyKvkyfay;ygonf/ 1962 rS 1965ckESpfxd a&mrm;jrdKUawmfMuD;rSm jyKvk y f c J h o nf h 'k w d , AmwD u ef tpnf ; ta0;MuD ; [m

rmuk ('óe)

77

a,½I&Sifudk,fawmfwdkif omoemawmfMuD;udk tyfay;xm;cJhonfh vl o m;rsm;tm;vH k ; twG u f MuD ; rm;vS a om vkyfaqmifay;jcif;oauFwwpfck jzpfygonf/ ESpfaygif; tawmf Mumu uGo J mG ;cJMh uonfh c&pf,mef*P kd ;f *Prsm;tMum; pnf;vH;k jcif; wnfaqmufMuzdkY vdkvm;aMumif; jyoaeygonf/ 'Djyif Nostra Aetate [kac:onfh pmcRefawmfxkwfjyefjyD; omoemawmfMuD;[m wjcm;aom udk;uG,frIbmomw&m;rsm;ESifh ES;D aESmzvS,jf cif;taMumif;udk wpfx;l wpfjcm; az:jyvdu k f ygonf/ bmomw&m;toD;oD;rS oef;aygif;rsm;pGmaom ,HMk unforl sm;tm; uuf o vpf o moemawmf M uD ; u av;pm; ygaMumif ; jyovdkufjcif;vnf; jzpfygonf/ 3/

w&m;a'oemawmftcsKyf

]]bk&m;&Sif\a&TyHko@mefawmf}}ESifhtnD zefqif;jcif; cH & onf h vl o m;wd k i f ; onf bk & m;&S i f u d k zl ; awG U Ed k i f y gonf / vlwdkUr&yfrem;&SmazGaeonfh opömw&m;awmfESifh ppfrSefaom csrf;ajrUjcif;udk bk&m;&SifrSm &Edkifygw,f/ a&S;ya0oPDrSpvdkU rsufarSmufacwfwdkif vlom;wdkUonf rdrdwdkU ,HkMunfonfhtwdkif; tusifhoDvaqmufwnfjcif; - (qkawmif;arwÅmjyKjcif;? vI'gef; ylaZmfqufuyfjcif;? 0wfjyKudk;uG,frIrsm;? ur®Xmef; qD;jzef;jcif; ...ponfjzifh) - bk&m;udk tirf;r& &SmazGaeMuaMumif; odom vSygonf/ wpfcgwpf&H xdjk yKrjl cif;rsm;[m em;rvnfEikd ?f rodomEdik ?f txif r S m ;p&mrsm;jzpf a ponf h w d k i f avmuvl o m; rsm;[m

rmuk ('óe)

78

]bk sm;} jzpf M uonf [ k bk & m;w&m;Munf n d K ud k i f ; &d I i f ; aomol r sm; rkcsqEkd ikd yf gonf/ xdkYjyif bk&m;&Sifudk odEdkifaomwjcm;enf;wpfck &dSae ygao;onf/ xdek nf;udk vlUtpGr;f tpESihf rwwfEikd yf g/ - bk&m;&Sif ud k , f a wmf w d k i f rd r d b k e f ; awmf u d k txif t &S m ;jyoxk w f az:ay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ bk&m;&Sifonf rdrd\wpfyg;wnf;aom om;awmf a,&Ic&pfawmfbk&m;&Sifudk avmuurÇmodkU apvTwf awmfrjl y;D ? oef&Y iS ;f aom 0dnmOfawmfb&k m;udk ay;oem;awmf rlvsuf rdrdudk,fawmfudk xif&Sm;jyoay;jcif;jzpfygonf/ xd k U aMumif h vl o m;rsm;wd k U onf crnf ; awmf b k & m;? om;awmfbk&m;ESifh 0dnmOfawmfbk&m;wdkUudk zl;ajrmfEdkifMuygonf/ oefY&Sif;eufeJvSpGmaom oHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;onf c&pf,mefwdkY\ toufwmESihf eufeaJ om,HMk unfrI (pOf;pm;awG;ac:Edik pf rG ;f wpfck wnf;ESifhrrDEdkifaom) wpfckjzpfygonf/ pOf;pm;jyD; rrDEdkifaom ,HMk unf&mtcsurf sm;\ taMumif;&if; wpfcv k nf; jzpfw,f/ rdrw d Ykd tjypf t rd k u f t arS m uf t rS m ;rsm;ud k pG e f Y y pf v suf jrwfbk&m;&Sif\w&m;awmfudk ,HkMunfvufcH usifhMuHaexdkif aomolwdkif;onf t&SifjrwfoHk;yg;wpfqlbk&m;udk zl;awGUEdkif ayonf/ oefY&Sif;aomoHk;yg;wpfqljrwfpGmbk&m;&Sif[k ,HkMunf o'¨gyGm;ayonfh c&pf,mefrsm;onf bk&m;oHk;ql[k vufrcHyg/ ]]yk*¾dKvfoHk;yg;ü wpfqlbk&m;}}yJjzpfygonf/ bk&m;tjzpfawmfü yk * ¾ d K vf o H k ; yg;wd k Y o nf wpf q l w nf ; aombk & m;tjzpf a wmf r S m yg0ifaewmr[kwfyJ? yk*¾dKvfawmfjrwfwdkif;onf bk&m;wpfyg;

rmuk ('óe)

79

tppftrSefjzpfawmfrlygonf/ yk*Kd¾ vo f ;kH yg;wpfqb l &k m;onf zefqif;&Sijf rwf jzpf ygonf/ vl o m;tm;vH k ; \ u,f w if & S i f v nf ; jzpf a yonf / rd r d a&TOmPfawmfEiS hf odjrifawmfro l nft h wdik ;f pMu0VmurÇm rd;k ajrudk bmrS r &d S o nf h A vmew¬ d r S vG w f v G w f v yf v yf zef q if ; awmfrlcJhygonf/ (Avmew¬drS zefqif;awmfrlw,fvdkYqdk&jcif;rSm bk&m;&Sio f nf rnfonfyh pön;f wpfcrk QroH;k bJ rdr\ d bke;f awmf teEÅ? wefcdk;awmfteEåESifh tHhzG,fpGm zefqif;xm;onf[k qdkvdkygonf/ vGwfvGwfvyfvyf zefqif;awmfrlonf[k qdk&jcif;rSm bk&m;&Sifonf vludkzefqif;&jcif;rSm rdrdudk,fawmfudk vlrsm;u ½d k u sd K ;ud k ; uG , f a pzd k Y ? tMunf n d K cH z d k Y r [k w f / rd r d b k e f ; awmf *kPfawmfxif&Sm;jyzdkUvnf;r[kwf/ wjcm;rnfonfh taMumif;rS r[kwfyJ rdrdudk,fawmf\ okcppfawmfudk vlrsm;tm; pGefUMuJ awmfrlvdkaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/) zefqif;awmfrljcif;tm;jzifh bk&m;&Sifonf rdrdudk,fawmfudk xkwfaz:jyojcif;jzpfjyD; vlom; rsm;ESifh qufoG,fjcif;jzpfygonf/ zefqif;cHt&mrsm;xJwGif odMum;wrefrsm;vnf; yg0ifygonf/ tm;vHk;aomzefqif;cHt&mrsm;xJwGif vlom;rsm;onf t"dujzpfygonf/ pMu0VmMuD;udk xdef;odrf;apmifha&SmufzdkU bk&m;&Sifonf vltm; cefYtyfxm;ay;cJhygonf/ bk&m;&Sio f nf vlukd rdru d , kd af wmf&iS \ f om;orD;rsm; tjzpf zefqif;cJhygonf/ odkUaomf ]tjypf'kp½dkuf}onf xdkw&m;udk csKd ;zsuyf pfvu kd yf gonf/ bk&m;&Si\ f bke;f awmfxif&mS ;jyjcif; tm;jzifh tjypf \ tjzpf t ajctaeES i f h tptOD ; vl o m;rsm;\

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80

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81

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82

xkwfaz:jyoawmfrlygonf/ vlom;rsm;tay:xm;awmfrlonfh bk & m;&S i f \ tEd I i f ; rJ h a rwå m awmf o nf a,&I c &pf a wmf \ ouf a wmf p Of t m;jzif h od o mapygonf / ud k , f a wmf j rwf \ 'k u © p &d , musif h c H a wmf r l j cif ; ? um;wd k i f a y:rS m touf a wmf pGefYawmfrljcif;? aojcif;w&m;ESifh qif;&J'ku©taygif;udk atmifjrif awmfrlvsuf bkef;awmf*kPfawmfESifh &Sifjyefxajrmufawmfrljcif; wkdUonf vlUu,fwifjcif; taMumif;&if;yJ jzpfygonf/ vlom;taygif;wdUk \tvif;jrwf c&pfawmfb&k m; &Sio f nf c&pf,mefbmomMuD;xJuae xGef;vif;awmufyae ygonf/ vl U tuRwf w &m;ES i f h u,f w if j cif ; aus;Zl ; awmf o nf OD;acgif;awmfc&pfawmfbk&m;\ cE¨mawmfjzpf\ omoemawmf MuD;xJrSm &SmazGawGU&dSEdkifygonf/ ]]vltaygif;wdkYonf bk&m;&Sif\ vlrsdK;awmftjzpf wpnf;wvHk;wnf;&dSaeapzdkU zdwfac:jcif; cH&ygonf/ urÇmMuD;wpfckvHk; jidrf;csrf;a&;twGuf vkyfaqmifMu &ygrnf / xd k t csuf o nf uuf o vpf c &pf , mef r sm;a&m? c&pfawmfbk&m;&Sifudk &dkusdK;udk;uG,fMuolrsm;a&m? vlom;xk wpf c k v H k ; ygrusef tm;vH k ; ES i f h o uf q d k i f o vd k wpf e nf ; wpf z H k ygwfoufaeygonf/ vltm;vHk;wdkUonf bk&m;&Sif\ u,fwif awmfrljcif;aus;Zl;awmfodkU zdwfac:cH&ygonf/ (Lumen Gentium, n. 13)}}/ tJ ' gaMumif h c&pf a wmf b k & m;&S i f t m; vl t m;vH k ; wd k Y ,HkMunfvufcHMuygapaMumif; zdwfac:zdkY&efrSm tvGefoefU&Sif; vSawmfrw l hJ trdomoemawmfMu;D &JU wm0efjzpfovd?k jrifjh rwf vSwhJ 0wÅ & m;wpf c k v nf ; jzpf y gw,f / tck a jymaewJ h trd

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omoemawmfMuD;&JU t"duwm0efjzpfwJh {0Ha*vd w&m;awmf aMunma[majymjcif; (odkU) omoemjyKjcif;[m 0rf;ajrmuf zG , f & mowif ; pum;awmf jzpf y gw,f / a[majymjcif ; ? aMunmjcif;eJzY w d af c:jcif; oufoufjzpfygw,f/ tcGit hf a&; ,ljcif;? twif;tusyfjyKjcif; vHk;0r[kwfygacs/ jrwfpGmbk&m;ocifay;rJh toufwm[m tqHk;r&dS ygbl;/ vl[m aooGm;wmeJY toufaysmufqHk;oGm;wm r[kwf ygbl;/ 'gayrJh b0topfodkY ul;ajymif;oGm;jcif; oufouf jzpfw,f/ bk & m;0wf j yK&mrS m &G w f q d k w J h a rwÅ m vd k ]]aojcif ; tm; jzif h touf o nf aysmuf q H k ; oG m ;jcif ; r[k w f / tajctae ajymif;vJomG ;jcif;omjzpf\/}} aojcif;qdw k m qH;k jzwfcsuf wpfc&k UJ aemuf q uf w G J w pf c k v d k U qd k & ygr,f / jrwf p G m bk & m; ocif & J U w&m;"r®awmfrsm;udk em,lESvHk;oGif;um usifhaqmuf wnfvsuf aoqH k ; oG m ;ol w pf O D ; [m ud k , f a wmf j rwf pH y ,f a wmf rl & m t&yfodkUa&mufoGm;vdrfhr,f/ ('Dae&mrSm t&yfvdkU oHk;pGJxm;ayrJh avmuoabmw&m;yg0ifwJh ae&m? a'o? t&yfudk r&nf&G,fyg/ ) t&Sifjrwfudk ]]rsuf0g;xifxif}} zl;ajrmfEdkifvdrfhr,f/ Zmwd? Z&m?

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84

ysufjym;ukefqHk;jcif;uif;wJh okcrSefjzpfygw,f/ tu,f í rsm; aoqH k ; csd e f r S m jrwf p G m bk & m;ocif u d k rzl ; ajrmf x d k u f & atmif wcsd K Uaomtjypf t emtqmav;rsm; usef a eao;ygu tJ ' D y k * ¾ d K vf [ m zl ; ajrmf x d k u f & atmif vH k avmufaom oefU&Sif;jcif;&onftxd pifMu,fjcif;jyK& ygw,f/ tJ'aD emufq;kH u pifMu,fjcif;jyKvyk &f mudk ]]i&Ji,f (Purgatory)}} vdUk ac:w,f/ jrwfpmG bk&m;ocif&UJ w&m;awmfukd vnf; ESv;kH roGi;f ? w&m;awmfudkvnf;rusifhMuHraqmufwnf? tjypf t arS m uf t rS m ;rsm;rS v nf ; aemif w r&? t&S i f j rwf & J U tEd I i f ; rJ h c spf j cif ; arwÅ m awmf u d k v nf ; vuf r cH ? pd w f a umif ; ESv;kH aumif;xm;vsuf aumif;&mrsm;udv k nf; rusiMhf uo H rl sm; [m t&SifjrwftxHawmfrS xm0&a0;uGmoGm;Muygr,f/ tJ'Dvdk t&Sifjrwfudk rzl;ajrmfxdkufolrsm;&JU tqHk;r&dS pGefUypfcH&wJh b0udk c&pf,mefrsm;u ]]i&J}}vdkU ac:Muygw,f/ aemufq;kH aomtcsed rf mS aemufq;kH pD&ifq;kH jzwfjcif; (Last Judgment)&d S y gr,f / a,&I c &pf a wmf [ m teaEÅ m teEÅ bkef;awmf*kPfawmftaygif;aqmifvsuf bk&m;tjzpfawmfeJU wpfzef<uvmawmfrrl ,f/ tJ't D cg t&mcyford ;f [m t&Sif jrwfukd od e m;vnf a pr,f / vl w d k i f ; vl w d k i f ; rd r d w d k U jyKvk y f c J h M uwJ h taumif;eJYraumif;? okp&dkufeJU 'kp&dkufrsm;udk olwdkU&JU tusdK; tjypftwdkif;? ukodkvftukodkvftavsmuf xif&Sm;apr,f/ tJ'DaemufqHk;w&m;pD&ifjcif;[m jrwfpGmbk&m;ocif 'Pfcwf &maeUwpfaeUawmh r[kwfygbl;/ wpfenf;ajym&&if ]]u,fwif awmfrljcif;aeY (odkU) okcppfokcrSef&&dSjcif;aeY}}udk today;

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2. Journeying Together: The Catholic Church in Dialogue with

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the Religious Traditions of the World, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Vatican City, 1999, pp. 98-114.

3. Document of the Second Vatican Council, (Ed. Flannery), The Liturgical Press, Indiana, 1975.

4. T. Corbishley, S.J., Roman Catholicism, London, 1952.

5. W. Kasper, Jesus Christ, Paulist Press, New York, 1977.

6. O. Cullmann, Christ and Time, SCM, London, 1965.

7. K. Rahner, Foundations of Christian Faith, Darton, Longman and Todd, London, 1978.

8. Interreligious Dialogue, The Official Teaching of the Catho lic Church, (1963-1995),Ed. F. Gioia, Pauline Books a n Mesia, Boston, 1994.

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uDk;um;pmtkyfrsm; Bigandet, A. Bishop, An Outline of the History of the Catholic Burmese Mission, Hanthawaddy Press, Rangoon,1887.

Catechism of the Catholic Church, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, (English), Geoffrey Chapman, London,1994.

Corbishley, T., S.J., Roman Catholicism, London,1952.

Cullmann, O., Christ and Time, SCM, London, 1965.

Document of the Second Vatican Council, (Ed. Flannery), The Liturgical Press, Indiana, 1975.

Guedes, Maria Ana Marques, The Portuguese in Burmese Literature, in “Review of Culture”, 1997.

Hall, D. G. E., Burma, Hutchinson University Library, London, 1950.

Interreligious Dialogue, The Official Teaching of the Catholic Church, (1963-1995), Ed. F. Gioia, Pauline Books and Mesia, Boston, 1994.

Journeying Together: The Catholic Church in Dialogue with the Religious Traditions of the World, Libreria Editrice Vaticana, Vatican City, 1999.

Kasper, W., Jesus Christ, Paulist Press, New York,

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1977.

Kaung, Maung, The Beginnings of Christianity, in Missionary Education in Burma 1600-1842, in “Journal of the Burma Research Society”, Rangoon, 2(20)1930.

Mcvey, Cris, O.P, Interreligious Dialogue, in Dominican Formation on the Threshold of the Third Millennium, Caleruega, Nasugbu, Batangas, Philippines, January 5 to March 27, 1998.

Painadath, S., sj., FABC’S Theology of Dialogue, in Partners, Vol. 2, no. 2, Dec., (1997).

Rahner, K., Foundations of Christian Faith, Darton, Longman and Todd, London, 1978.

Yule, Henry-Burnell, Arthu, Hobson-Jobson, being a Glossary of Anglo-Indian Coloquial Words and Phrases, Sittinbourne, Linguasia, 1994.

God bless Myanmar.

rwfv? 2006