Environmental Building Systems A1

Garden

Timber Decking Solar Panel

ETCs

Client Profile: The Carltons Mr and Mrs Carlton have 2 children, one is boy and one is girl, which means this house will be designed for 4 people in total. The girl is 2-year-old and boy is 3-year-old so all the furnitures in this house need to be confirmed that they do not have any sharp edge and sharp angle in order to keep the safety of children. In addition, Mr Carlton work away from home 8 hours per day, and Mrs Carlton run her business from home and caring children at the same time. Due to this situation, the house should be designed to be functioned as a home for parents and kids, and a place when Mrs Carlton is working. And the Carltons require this house to be energy efficient and water effecient.

Moreover, the Carltons want to avoid water leakage because they have previous experience of unexpected leaking. Also, a garden is designed behind the house, which can provide better outdoor environment for the Carltons.

Climates Sun rises from the east and sets in the west. According to meteoblue, in summer, wind is mainly coming from south and southernwest, in winter, wind direction is from north to south.

Summer shading Winter shading Windrose in summer

Windrose in winter

ground covered by grass

July 3pm

July 9am

January 9am

January 3pm

Roof Gabled metal roof is constructed for this building. The roofs are equipped with box gutters, which can drain the rainwater down to the rainwater tank and be reused. This design suits the Carltons needs which is to be energy and water efficient. In addition, the roofs have large flat surface which is easier to install solar panels. Solar panels are faing north to maximise the solar gain.

Impact on neighbors Western neighbor is a single story house, which creates less overshadowing area. To avoid disturbing neighbour, distance between the Carltons and neighbour is arund 5 meters. In addition, national park in the west direction could provide more coolness in the summer because it contains many plants. Also this house is located away street, which canhave less traffic noise from street.

Legend

Wind Rose in summer Wind Rose in winter Sewer Line

LPD M

Gas Line Student Name: Muyan Li

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:200 @ A3

Student Number: 1068026

Assignment 1

Date: 16 March, 2021

Site Plan

Water Line

Telecom Pit

Electricity Line

Summer sunpath

Legal Point of Discharge Mains water meter

Winter sunpath retractable shading cloth

1

Natural Ventilation

Natural ventilation is a siginificant factor that need to be considered seriouly for house design. In summer, strong natural ventilation helps to cool down the room temperature by providing cold wind acrossing the house.

This can also decrease the usage of electrical cooling devices, for example, electrical fans and air-conditioning.

In the winter, natural ventilation should be control at a mild level to keep the room temperature still. For instance, natural ventilation still works in winter to provide fresh air for interior of the house so that Mrs Carlton and kids can have a better air quality. Therefore, the extra windows are constructed in the south part of the house which is to cooling the house. And the windows in the north part are mainly responsible for gaining natural light for the house.

The corss ventilation are used becaused it is the most effective way.

Sun in summer

Shading Eave

Garden Thermal Mass

Thermal Mass is the ability that object absorb heat and store heat. It is one of the passive design stratey to keep the room temperature stable. The material of floor is COSG slab on the ground and it is a good material that has high thermal mass ability. For example, in winter, the energy of sunlight can be absorbed by the floor in day time and relased in night time, which helps have a warm room temperature. In summer, the floor slab also stores and releases heat, but the heat will be blow away by ventilation. For example, the heat that released by the floor slab in the living room can be taken away by the natural ventilation coming from south window located near the entrance.

The eave is able to let the rainwater fall down from the roof. It also can help avoid summer sunlight coming into the living Sun in winter room and kitchen directly.

The width of eaves should Eave be 45% from the window Awning sill to the eave bottom. The windows in northside are equipped with retractable awnings, which can shade the rooms and lower the room temperature.

Polyester is used as the material for awnings because it is easy to be cleaned and more durable.

Timber Decking Living

Kitchen/dining

Laundry Bed

Bed

Winter Bed

Heat stored

Heat released

Bathroom

Ensuite

Summer Heat stored and released

Vegetation

Heat released at night can be taken by ventilation

For vegetation is the courtyard, deciduous Adjustable plants are planted Louvers near the building. The The adjustable reason is that their vertical louvers are leaves will fall down in Adjustable Louver Retractable shade cloth installed in most the winter, which could Retractable Shade Cloth of the windows in Shade cloth is installed in the north side of the house, let more sunlight access this house, which can increased the which provides shading for timber decking. It allows the interior space. In Mrs Carlton to have a better environment while she summer, their leaves will ventilation in this is working on the timber decking. Retractable shade provide shade for the house. It can also building to have less protect the privacy cloth can be opened and closed as what clients is Deciduous trees shading sunlight coming inside needed. of the Carltons. room.

Ventilation in Summer Retractable shade cloth Window

Low U-value with high SHGC glazing is chosen for this house because it can have high solar gainin and less heat transferring in winter. In summer, to avoid strong sunlight heating the room, extra shadings (awnings etc) are installed for windows to have better performance.

Student Name: Muyan Li

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:100 @ A3

Student Number: 1068026

Assignment 1

Date: 16 March, 2021

Passive Design

Daylight Access

The living room and kitchen are designed to have most of the sunlight during a day both in summer and winter. And the laundry can also get enough sunshine to keep dry and avoid bacterias. Because Mrs Carlton is working from home, the dinning table can be used as a office table for her. Kids can play in the garden behind the house while Mrs Carlton is working. The windows towards garden also allow Mrs Carlton to see what children are doing to keep them safe.

2

5650

8000 W6

3600

W7

D2

W5

W4

W3

W2 6650

Living

W8

W9

Kitchen/dining

W1

6000

Laundry

W10

Bed

D3 W11

D1

W17

D3

D3

D3

Bed

W16

D4 Bed

Bathroom

D4 W13

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3

Ensuite

1600

W12

4550

W15

W14 7650

3700

Number

Size

Type

W1

2100x300

Fixed Window

W2

2100x1500

Sliding Window

W3

2100x500

Fixed Window

W4

2100x500

Fixed Window

W5

2100x500

Fixed Window

W6

1500x1000

Casement

W7

2100x1000

Casement

W8

2100x1000

Casement

W9

1500x750

Casement

W10

2100x1000

Casement

W11

2100x1000

Casement

W12

1500x750

Casement

W13

1000x1000

W14

1000x1000

W15

1500x500

Awning Windows with Block Glass Awning Windows with Block Glass

W16

1500x500

Casement

W17

2100x1000

Sliding Window

D1 D2

2100x950 2100x2000

Steel Door

D3

2100x950

2300

D4 2100x850 Floor Area 1: CSGO slab on the ground with carpet as ground cover Area 2: CSGO slab on the ground with porcelain tile for waterproofing Area 3: CSGO slab on the ground with vinyl as covering for kitchen area CSGO slab on ground is used for whole house as foundations. The advantage is that it has less risk of damage from flooding, which suits the Carltons requirements.

Most of the floor areas are covered by the carpet except kitchen area and bathrooms.

Carpet can be protective when kids fall down by accident, and it provides higher comfort MDF internal door than other materials. Porcelain tiles are used in bathrooms because it is waterproofed and cost-effective. The ground of kitchen area is covered by vinyl flooring because this material is water resistant, easy to be cleaned and requires low maintenance.

Walls Ceiling Double brick wall is constructed for this building. Fibre-cement is the best choice for It is extremely durable and barely require ceiling matrial. The reason is that it is Ceiling with vents maintenance. And it has excellent thermal durable for weather conditions and fire performance to avoid energy transferring. resistance. And it can be used for both interior space and exterior space such Cellulose fibre R3.5 is insert as under eaves. And installing external between the gaps of double brick ceilings with vents helps reduce heats walls, which could prevent heat into the building and ventilating the heat loss and reduce energy use. from interior of the building.

Student Name: Muyan Li Student Number: 1068026

Double Brick Wall

Casement

Sliding Glass Door

Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF)

Pocket Door

Fibre-cement material

Windows For windows, all windows except windows for bathrooms are all double glazed, which is beneficial for energy saving. Double glazed windows helps reduce the energy tranferring between indoors and outdoors, Awning window with block glass which means less energy is required to warm or cool down the house. The type of windows for bathrooms are awning windows with block glass, which could provide higher privacy for bathrooms.

Glazing Windows facing north should have a high SHGC (solar heat gain coefficient), which is standard passive solar practice for climates Casement Window in inner northern suburb. For U-value, the lower the better. Therefore, low-e double glazing is chosed for the house, because it is returns lower annual heating energy and also providing superior thermal comfort.

Window Frame Slidng Window Window frames have a siginificant impact on the windows’ thermal performance.

Composite frames that have aluminium profiles for outer section with uPVC (unplasticised polyviny chloride) inner section are used in this building, because composite frames have better thermal performance and also require lower maintenance, which suits the Carlton’s Composite window frame requirments. Therefore, uPVC B DG Argon Fill High Solar Gain low-E -Clear is the selected window type for the Carltons.

Door Steel door is installed for the entrance of this building because it is the most safest door. The reason is that Mrs Carlton is working from home, and there are only a woman and two kids staying at home during daytime, so safety is one of the most important factor when choosing the entrance door. For internal doors, MDF (medium density fiberboard) is chosen because it is easier to be cleaned and engineered for maximum stability and durability. Pocket doors are installed for bathrooms because they could save spaces for bathrooms.

Roof Gabled roof is designed and installed for this building because angled roof can collect rainwater and have better performance than flat roof. Metal is the material of roof because metal roof is lightweight (easy to install) and can be energy efficient (reflect sun-heat so that heat will not transferred through roof). R3.5 bulk insulation is used for roof to keep the steady room temperature.

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:100 @ A3

Assignment 1

Date: 16 March, 2021

Construction and Material

Steel Door

Pocket door

Metal roof

3

NTD

Timber Decking Living

PCD

Smoke alarm is essential safety device for home.

Two smoke alarms are installed in hallway near three bedrooms, because smoke alarm should be installed within 2 meters of all bedrooms. In addition, there is one smoke alarm in the living room near entrance, which is for detecting the fire in living room especially in kitchen. This is safer for family and also keep enough distance from Smoke alarm kitchen to avoid false alarm.

PSU

Smoke Alarm

NBN (National Broadband Network)

Installing NBN in this house simply means the Carltons can have clear quality phone call, high speed reliable network and video calls. It consists of 3 parts, Premises coneection device, power supply unit and network termination device, which is located near the TV. PCD is located outside of the house and is connected to the telecom. NBN can provide signal for every electrical devices in this area.

Electrical Switchboard

Electrical switchboard that connects to the electric pole near the house is to provide electricity for all electrical devices in the house. And it contains safety switch that is designed to provide protection against electrocution and fires. It located in the laundry room and it is covered by metal panel in case kids touching.

Electricity Meter

Kitchen/dining

Laundry Bed

Electrical switchboard

Electricity Meter is responsible for measuring how much electricity clients have used. For the Carltons, a smart meter is installed in near the southern bedroom, outside of the house. The reason is that it is easier for electricity company to record the number without entering the house. And a smart meter can provide more accurate energy usage, which could adjust habbies to lower the electricity bills.

Bed

National Boardband Network

Bed

Solar energy is a free, efficient and green energy that can be converted to electricity for people to use. Also, using solar energy suits the Carltons requirements that they want to be energy efficient.

Smart meter

Double powerpoint

Power point

Compared with single power point, double power point is more space saving and can connect more devices. In every bedroom, power point with USB port is installed near the bed, which ic more convenient for the Carltons to charge their phone or tablet without using an adapter.

Renewable Power

Bathroom

Solar Panel

Ceiling light Downlight PSU Power supply unit

Power point with USB port

Light Switch

Ensuite

Single light switch Double light switch Triple light switch

Sensory light Electric pole Solar lamp

For switches of light, single switches, double switches Telecom Pit and triple switches are installed for this family. Most light Smoke alarm Exhaust fan Double Power point switches are double and triple switch so that the Carltons Exhausted Fan can control lights from similar location. And there are Exhausted fans are used to accelerate air flow in luminous strips on the light switch, which is easier to find order to have fresh air inside of the house. One the switch in the dark There is only one ceiling light in the laundry room so single light switch is used for laundry exhausted fan is located above the cooking area in the kitchen, which is for absorbing the oil smoke while cooking. And every bathroom is equipped with one exhausted fan in order to reduce humidity and provide fresh air.

Lighting

PCD Premise connect device NTD Network termination device

Electricity meter Electrical switchboard

There are 12 ceiling lights and 16 downlights in the house, location as shown on the plan. For the courtyard and timber decking area, 10 solar lamps are installed on the facade of house. The lamp located near the entrance is the sensory light, which can provide light for Mr Carlton when he come back home. This light is equipped with passive infrared sensor, which helps not only lighting the door automatically, but also can determin criminals.

Light type

Double Switch

All the lights use LED bulb because they are energy efficient and long-lasting. Living room and kitchen used to have brighter cool light, but bedrooms need warm light.

2-way switch connection

Light Switch Connection

Single connection is used in this house except bedrooms. Exhausted fan in kitchen Exhausted fan in bathroom ceiling For bedrooms, 2-way switching is used which is more Lighting Calculation convenient for the Carltons. For example, the Carltons do Bedroom: 8w with warm light not need to get up to turn off the switch when they ready Livingroom and kitchen: 10w with netural light to sleep. 2-way switching connection means lights can be Bathroom and laundry: 9w with netural or cool light Downlight turned on and off from different places. And for kids, 2-way Entrance light: 8w with netural light. switch connection is safer for them when they go to the Downlight: 6.5w with natural light in living room, warm light in bedroom Solar lamp bathroom at night, they only need to press the switch near Average lighting: (6*10+3*8+5*9+3*9+16*6.5+8)/110=3.86 w/m² <5 w/m² their bedroom then the halway’s lights will be turned on.

Therefore, solar panels are installed on the roof to collecting solar energy. Monocrystalline Solar Panels are chosen because they are more efficient with the 20% efficient rate, and they have high time-life value. Also, they are more space efficient. Although they are more expensive than PV panels (Polycrystalline Solar Panels), but for long time consideration, Monocrystalline solar panels monocrystalline solar panels are Hybrid Solar Inverter better choice for the Carltons.

Solar inverter is a device that transfer DC (direct current power) into AC (Alternating current power), and also change the voltage. Hybrid solar inverter can transfer DC into AC and store the electricity into battery for use.

Hybrid solar inverter working process

Solar Panel installation

LED bulb

Depending on the electricity usage, including peak electricity uses, average annual electricity usage, and the number of electric devices in this house, 16 solar panels are installed on the roof top that facing north.

Student Name: Muyan Li

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:100 @ A3

Student Number: 1068026

Assignment 1

Date: 16 March, 2021

Electrical and telecom

4

Garden

Rainwater recycling system

Rainwater is the water that falls on the roof, which can be collected and reused. Rainwater recycling system is responsible for collecting rainwater from the roof and reuse them to achieve water efficient.

This system is necessary for the Carltons to achieve their goals.

Treated rainwater can be used to flush toilets, wash basins, do the lanudry and also is drinkable water after filtering.

Solar Hot Water System

When choosing hot water system, energy consuming is the factor that need to be considered. To achieve energy efficient, solar hot water system is chosen. In addition, the Carltons want to minimum the possibility of water leakage, so 2 ETC (Evacuated Tube Collectors) collectors are installed on the roof.

Evacuated Tube Collectors

By compared with solar flatplate collector, ETC is more efficient cause heat loss to the environment has been reduced, inherent in flat-plates.

In the winter or cloudy days, ETC works better than flat-plate collectors because the energy output of flat-plate is lower than ETC.

Hot Water Storage

A solar hot water system usually needs a hot water tank that is well-insulated to prevent heat loss when storing. And the storage is equipped with an auxiliary electricity heater to heat the water when solar collectors are not sufficient to meet heat requirements. This may happened at night, or in cold raining days.

Cold water inside the water tank will be heated by solar collectors and become hot water. When the temperature sensor is activited, the controller will let hot water come out. Then it will be pumped to wash basins and shower heads.

By considering the hot water usage of the Carltons, 80 gallons hot water tank is installed in the laundry room.

Roof gutters located on roof edges to guide rainwater down to the downpipe. The location of gutters and downpipes are shown in the diagram.

Leaf screen and leaf shedding are required for gutters and downpipes, which can stop leaves and rocks enter the rainwater tank.

Downpipe

Kitchen/dining

ETC Collector

ETC (Ecacuated Tube Collectors) are designed with twin glass tubes in paralle rows.

Every glass tube contains metal heat pipe that is connected to an absorber fin. And the air in every tube is evacuated to lower the conductive and convective heat loss.

Why choose ETC

Roof Gutter and Downpipe

Living

Laundry Bed

Pump 1

Bed

Filter Bed

First flush diverter

Bathroom

Leaf screen for gutters

Rainwater for garden

ETC Collector elements

Rainwater can be use to water garden area. Installing first flush diverter near the rainwater tank can drain rainwater into garden area.

Ensuite

M

Leaf shedding rain heads

Main Water Meter Rainwater Tank Hot water Tank Hot water connection Cold water connection

SEP Solar hot water system

M

Side Entry Pit

Rainwater Tank

By considering the number of people live in this house and the average rainfall in Melbourne, a 3500L water tank is located in the south side of the house, which is near two bathrooms. The water comes from rainwater tank can be used to flushing toliets, watering the garden and do the laundry.

In addition, greenery and plants can be used to decorate the rainwater tank, which makes it look nice and provide more 3500L rainwater tank greenry for courtyard.

Hot water tank

SEP

Fisr flush diverter

Pump Design

Submersible Pump diagram

Filter

Tank decoration

According to the rainwater page from YourHome, rainwater that is filtered by tannin filter can be used to do the laundry and guide to wash basin. To achieve water efficient, tannin filter is installed for the Carltons.

Gas

For this house residential system design, gas is avoided for the Carltons. The reason is that gas is fossil fuel that cannot be reproduced and reused. In addition, solar panels are installed on the roof to supply extra electricity for energy usage, which makes electricity become more efficient. And using gas is dangerous for young kids. Therefore, using electricity to cook is better idea. This also suits the Carlton’s requirement being energy efficient.

GAS Tannin filter

Pump controller

Student Name: Muyan Li

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:100 @ A3

Student Number: 1068026

Assignment 1

Date: 5 September, 2020

Water and gas supply

To successfully use the recycled rainwater, water pump provides pressure to transfer water from water tank to the house. A submersible water pump is installed inside the water tank as shown in the picture. It has less noise and save much space than free-standing pump.

Pump Controller and Mains switch-over device

A rainwater pump is usually installed with a pump controller, pressure accumulator tank and mechanical pressure switch, which provides more even water flow to the house and be more energy efficient.

The mains switch over device will switch supply from rainwater to main water when rainwater runs out. It is installed in the rainwater tank.

5

Sewage System

S

Sewage system is a network of pipes that convey all the sewage to the side entry pit and legal point of discharge.

Garden

Discharge Pipe

Because sewage system works relying on gravity only.

So the discharge pipes are angled to drain sewage from house to legal point of discharge. Angled discharge pipes are helpful for avoiding sewage backfill. For material, polypropylene pipe (PP) is used because it is the safest material that is durable and environmental friendly.

Sewer Vent

The sewer vent is located in the south side of the house roof as shown on the plan. Its function is to allow the gas that inside of the sewage pipes to come out, which can prevent the pipeline from rupturing due to excessive gas pressure.

For the topography of inner northern suburb site, north side is slightly higher than north side, sewer pipes need to be angled in larger Sewer pipe and sewer vent degrees to avoid sewerage backflow.

PP drainage pipe

Timber Decking Living

Kitchen/dining

Laundry Bed

Bed

The elements inside greywater are quite varies. But for most of the greywater resouces, pathogen and bacterias are low, which provides a chance to recycle greywater. The main concerns of greywater is the salt and high pH levels from soil. To deal with this problem, choosing right cleaning products and taking care of soil condition is necessary to do. If the untreated greywater is Soil with too much salt reused, the salt inside greywater can damage the soil and also may impact on the garden. Also, the ph level of greywater is generally high, which could affect the solubility of soil. In addition, there are still some gredients that come from cleaning products such as shampoos and soaps, which could influence the plants and greenery.

Soil with high PH level

Bathroom

Stormwater Treatment

Stormwater will not be treated before it ends in into sea.

Therefore, Don’t overuse fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides cause they may end up in the stormwater.

Ensuite

Garden drip irrigation system

Stormwater System

SEP (Side Entry Pit) is where stormwater will enter and flow into the sea. It is usually used to prevent flood happening on the road.

Greywater Quality

Bed

Stormwater is the rainwater falls on the roof top and land. Stormwater can be used to water garden by designed stormwater site plan, which is a good strategy to lower water consumption and be water efficient.

Side Entry Pit

Greywater is the water that has been used from bathroom sinks, showers, tubs and washing machines. Reuse greywater can highly reduce the main water consumption and achieve water efficient.

Reuse Outdoor use

Stormwater

In Australia, stormwater system is seperate from sewerage system. To manage stormwater and lower the impact on the site, stormwater should be drain to the SEP. Stormwater site plan can make stormwater be more efficient.

Vegetations and rocks can reduce stormwater run off from the site and detain the Stormwater site plan example stormwater on the site.

Greywater

Sewage Connection

Indoor use Diversion and Filteration System

Rainwater Tank

M

Greywater System Downpipe

S

Sewer Vent

M

SEP

Sewage Pit Main Water Meter

Greywater pipe

Blackwater

Blackwater refers water that comes from toliet and kitchen (usually from dishwasher), which is distinguished from greywater. If the Carltons want to reuse the balckwater, the process of dealing with blackwater is really complicated and the fees are also too expensive to afford. In addition, blackwater that has been treated stil can only be used in outdoor area, the way of using it is limited. Although the Carlton hope to be water efficient, I do not think blackwater treatment system is a good idea for them.

Side Entry Pit

When greywater need to be recycled for indoor use, the greywater treatment is more complicated to ensure the water safety. Diversion and filteration system is installed for the Carltons. Firstly, the tree-way valve will be connected to the washing machine and tubs to collect greywater. Then collected greywater will enter a sruge tank that located underground. Greywater can only be stored in surge tank for no more than 24 hours before it been reused. Before reuse, solid particles like hair, small rocks inside greywater need to be filtered. Finally, the treated greywater can be used to do the laundry and flush toilets.

Student Name: Muyan Li

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:100 @ A3

Student Number: 1068026

Assignment 1

Date: 16 March, 2021

Water recycling and drainage

Greywater can be used to water garden with little treatment. Garden drip irragation system can be installed for the Carltons. This system transports treated greywater to garden drip to water the garden by using pipes. It consists of pump and chemical injector to filter the greywater before the greywater enter the garden.

Greywater indoor reuse

6

Heating System

Radiant Heating

When choosing heating system, it is siginificant to consider the requirements of the clients. For the Carltons, they want to minimise the possibility of water leakage and also to be more energy efficient. Therefore, hydronic slab heating and hydronic panel heating are not suitable for this family. Also, gas power is not available in this house, which means electricity is the main power that heating system used. So reverse cycle air-conditioning system is installed for the Carltons.

Living

Reverse Cycle Air-Conditioning System

Kitchen/dining

AC

AC

The reverse cycle air-condition provides convective heat, which is the most effective electric heater. Compared with gas heaters, electric air conditioning with 5-6 stars effient rating could generate lower greenhouse gas emissions and be cheaper to run.

Laundry Bed

Bed

Air conditioner (indoor unit) Bed

Split System in heating mode

Indoor evaperator

The indoor unit contains a condenser and evaporator components of the air-conditioner.

When it is in the heating mode, the indoor evaperator becomes a condenser coil to produce heat.

AC

Indoor unit

Radiant heater

AC

Outside condensor

Electric radiator

Zoning Living

Laundry Bed

Bed

Zoning

Bed

Bathroom

Reverse cycle air conditioner

Ensuite

Radiant heater Electric panel

For the heating system of this house, 3 different heating strategies are used depending on the requirments of the Carltons. Living room is where Mrs Carlton works and take care of kids, which requires high level of heating.

Bedrooms also requires high level of heating especially for night time, electric panels are used for bedrooms.

Bathrooms only require short time heating when people are showing, radiant heaters are installed on the bathrooms’ ceiling to warm room.

Ensuite

Hot air connection

Radiant heater with exhaust fan

heater bulb

Electric radiators are installed for bedrooms. They are more easyinstall and mroe efficient than electric panels. In addition, they rely on electricity to work instead of hot water, which suits the Carltons’ needs.

Why choose electric radiators

Kitchen/dining

Installation

The reverse cycle air conditioning is installed for living room and kitchen area only. To heat the room sufficiently, the size of the room is the key factor. The area of living room and kitchen is around 48m². For the type of reverse cycle air-conditioner, the capacity of 5kW air-conditioner is installed as shown on the plan.

Radiant heaters are installed in two bathrooms. To save space, a product that is a combination of radiant heater and exhaust fan is chosen. This product is more efficient because it combines two function by one time installation.

Electric Radiator

Outdoor Condenser

For condenser, it can collect or release heat outside of the house, which contains the condenser coil, a compressor, a fan, and various control. When it is in the heating mode, the outside condenser becomes a evaperator to discharge cold air. When the air-condition is used for both heating and cooling, the outside condenser need to be installed higher up the wall.

Cold air connection

Installation

Bathroom

Condenser installed outside of the house Controller

Radiant heater is good for bathroom use because it heat people directly instead of heating air. Compared with other heaters, radiant heater loses less warm air and is more efficient. Also, the installation of radiant heater is easy and price is relatively cheap.

Bedrooms are used mainly for night-time, ajustable heating system are more sufficient such as reverse cycle air condiitoning and electric radistors.

Howover, using air-conditioner for long time usually lower the air quality because the air is really dry and even drafty, which will influence the quality of sleeping. Electric radiator does not bring dust inside room and it uses convetion heat (more comfortable) to increase room temperature.

Installation

Area of bedroom is around 10m², therefore, 800w electric radiators are installed for every bedroom.

Passive Strategy

In winter, sunlight enters house and heat the floor and walls.

Concrete slab and brick walls can absorb heat in daytime and release heat during night time. There are many north facing windows that allow sunlight to come in and heat the house in cold days.

Electric radiator

Location

Passive strategy diagram

Student Name: Muyan Li

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:100 @ A3

Student Number: 1068026

Assignment 1

Date: 16 March, 2021

Heating

Location of openings will affect the effiency of heaters. It is better to place heaters away draught.

7

Cooling system

Passive Strategy Earth Tube

Same as heating system in the living room. reverse cycle air-conditioning can also be used to lower the room temperature. However, to achieve energy efficient, ceiling fans are installed in the living room to create air flow without reducing humidity.

Earth tubes are one of most useful passive design strategy for cooling, which is installed for the house. Earth tubes use energy of ground (earth) to cool down the hot air, which can reduce the cooling energy that is required for cooling system.

Reverse Cycle Air-Conditioning System

For cooling, the reverse cycle air-condition provides cold air for living room. Because it is the same air-conditioner used for both heating and cooling, the selected air-conditioner is 5kw with 5 stars for energy rating. Although it produces lower greenhouse gas, it is not environemental friendly as fans. Therefore, fans are mainly used by the Carltons during summer. Only in extremely hot weather, air-conditioner will be turned on to cool the room down.

Kitchen/dining

AC

AC

Living

Laundry Bed

Earth tube diagram

Air conditioner (condensor)

Bed

Outside unit Controller

Bed

Bathroom

Split System in Cooling mode

Fan

Fans are the best option in mechanical cooling system.

The reason is that they are effective to run and produce less greenhouse gas. The air flow is created by fans are similar to reducing temperature around 3 degrees.

Moreover, fans will not reduce the humidty and will not bring dust inside house.

Tube

The material of earth tube is concrete, which is usually 3 meters below ground level to have lower ground temperature that used to cool down Portable the hot air inside tubes. evaporative cooler

AC

Indoor condensor

Fan

AC

Outside unit

Fan Switch

Ensuite

Ventilation

Zoning

Passive design in construction Roof

Metal roof with light color is constructed for the Carltons, which could reflect sunlight and Metal roof transfer less heat into interior space.

As mentioned in passive design page, natural ventilation is a Detail necessary strategy that use Wall Ceiling fan Two ceiling fans (30w for each) are installed for the natural wind blow to cool Double brick wall Carltons located above dining table and sofa. For down the house. Using natural with insulation (R 3.5) example, they can provide air flow for Mrs Carlton when ventilation is no cost and no will reduce the heat Ceiling fan switch she is working on the dining table. For ceiling fan switch, it energy used, which suits the transferring from outside has three levels for different rotation speed, which is more Carltons’ needs. More windows to inside.

Double Brick Wall energy efficient. are added for both south and Window frame Evaporative Cooler north side to provide better Composite frames with Evaperate coolers are installed for three bedrooms. The cross ventilation in summer. uPVC are good at lower climate in Australia is medium humidity, which means Vertical louvers are installed heat transferring. They evaperate coolers have better performance. It cooling for windows to have better also have better thermal hot air by passing it over water-saturated pads, causing ventilation. performance than other the water to evaporate into it to produce cold air.

Reverse cycle air-conditioner & ceiling fans window frames.

Shading Portable evaporative cooler Detail Composite frame with Eaves can stop part of Bedrooms are only need to be cool down during uPVC Zoning summer sunlight coming Location the night, compared with installing whole-house For living room, reverse cycle air-conditioning system and Curtain inside house. Awnings are same position evaporative cooler system, portable evaporative adjustable ceiling fans are installed. Fans are mianly used, Pelmet is installed for every installed for windows to strategy used in cooler is more efficient and saving roof space but air-conditioner is used only in extreme weather. For curtain, which can keep the shade the room area, And placing heaters. for other devices. Portable evaporative cooler bedrooms, portable evaporative coolers are palced near cold air inside and refuse shade clothes is installed to Evaporative cooler can be moved to anther place as the Carltons beds, which are more flexiable and efficient for the Carltons. hot air entering the room. It avoid sunlight heating the need to be positioned needed. Based on the room size, 65w protable For the rest of the house, natural ventilation is more effective is a good way to keep lower timber decking. away windpath. evaporative cooler is choosen. because people will not stay in these area for long time.

Cold air retained room temperature.

Living

Kitchen/dining

Laundry

Bed

Bed

Bed

Bathroom

Ensuite

Student Name: Muyan Li

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:100 @ A3

Student Number: 1068026

Assignment 1

Date: 16 March, 2021

Cooling

8

Covid-19 Responses

People are suggested to stay at home for most of the time and minimise unnecessary soical interaction to prevent the spread of coronavirus. Therefore, the time people staying at home has increased significantly.

Work from home

During restriction, Mr Carlton and Mrs Carlton are both work from home.

Therefore, an extra office table and two computer chairs are placed near sofa for the Calton couple to work. For dinning table, two dinning chairs are removed to save space for living room because there are only two adults and Working table with rolling computer chair two kids in this family. Friends visiting and grandparents visiting will not happen in the restriction time.

Covid-19 precation

Outdoor family movie theater

When people go back home from outside, disinfection measures are necessary. Place hand sanitizer at the gate, take off the coat and disinfect hands every time when they go back home. The coat needs to be hung on the hanger at the entrance and disinfected with spray disinfectant.

Disposable medical masks are also on the table at the door. When the masks are used, they need to be put in a special trash can immediately and Hand sanitizer then thrown away.

Sand pit

Disposable medical face mask

Outdoor speaker

Isolation room

Table for isolation room

Home theater area

Inflatable screen

HD porjector

Garden change to vegetable garden

Glass screen

Kitchen

As people stay at home every day, the frequency of cooking at home has increased significantly. Due to the increase in cooking times, the influence of oil fume on people has increased as well. In order to alleviate this problem, an additional glass sliding screen is installed in the kitchen to prevent oil Kitchen glass screen smoke from entering the living room.

During the epidemic, due to the closure of public entertainment venues, the family entertainment facility can relieve people’s mental stress and cheer people up. An outdoor home theater is built in the courtyard.

It consists an inflatable screen with 9 feet for size, a HD projector and a bluetooth protable outdoor speaker.

The outdoor home theater is located behind the timber decking near the garden.

Vegetable garden

During the epidemic, the garden can become a temporary vegetable garden. The planted varieties can be vegetables and fruits that can grow in a short period of time, such as spinach, kale, lettuce, green onions, tomatoes, etc. The growth cycle of these vegetables requires short time, which only takes a few weeks from planting to harvesting. And they do not need strict growth environment, which means they have high survival rate. Self-growing vegetables can reduce the frequency of going out and replenish the body with rich nutrition, increase resistance to fight the virus. Importantly, the vegetable garden cannot be watered by greywater.

Before cooking, close the glass sliding door and open the kitchen exhaust fan and windows. After cooking, wait for the cooking fume to dissipate before opening the glass door.

Bedroom

If Mr Carlton or Mrs Carlton has signs of suspected infection, a separate bedroom (bedroom located in the east) can be used as an isolation room. Because this bedroom is equipped with a bathroom, the contact between the quarantined person and family members is minimized. And the safety of the family, especially the children with weak resistance should be focused. When it’s time to eat, the meal will be placed on a table at the door of the room, waiting for the quarantined person to take it. The finished dishes will also be placed on this table, waiting to be disinfected before being taken away. This method also avoids close contact between people.

Timber Decking

Kitchen/dining

Spinach

Living

Lettuce

Activity and exercise

Laundry

Gym

Bed

Partner yoga

Bed

Bed

Bathroom

Ensuite

Isolation room

Green onion

Small table near door

Sand pit

Student Name: Muyan Li

Environmental Building Systems ABPL 20036

Tutor: Emily Thomas

Scale 1:100 @ A3

Student Number: 1068026

Assignment 1

Date: 16 March, 2021

Covid-19 Responses

To provide a place for two kids to have fun, a sand pit is built in the north side of the house. In addition, a gym room is added for the Carltons as shown on the plan. They can exercise at home to keep healthy. Also, Mrs Carlton and Mrs Carlton can do partner yoga together, which is able to release stress and stay calm during the epidemic.

Treadmill in gym room

9

Environmental Building Systems - ABPL20036 Semester 2 - 2020

First Rate Energy Assessment Project Information

Walls

Mode Climate Site Exposure Client Name Rated Address Accredited Rater Date

New House 21 Melbourne RO

Double brick finished

R: 3.5

12 March, 2021

Internal Plasterboard Stud Wall

R: 0

Type

Insulation

Area (m2) 113.3 70.4

The Carltons Inner Northern Suburb

Floors

Muyan Li

Type

12 March, 2021

CSOG: slab on ground

Energy Usage Mode

Energy (MJ/m2)

Total Heating Cooling

Insulation

Ventilation

R: 3.0

Area (m2)

encl

96.9

Roof/Ceiling

54.1 37.4 16.7

Type

Insulation

Framed: Flat-Flat Framed

Area (m2)

R: 3.5

96.9

Areas Area Net Conditioned Floor Area (NCFA) Unconditioned Room Area Garage Area

Windows

Size (m2) 96.9

Type uPVC B DG Argon Fill High Solar Gain low-E -Clear

Zones

Window Directions Zone

Kitchen/Dining Living Bedroom 1 Bedroom 2 Bedroom 3 WC Laundry Ensuite Bathroom Hallway

Student Name:

Area (m2) 47.5

Heating (MJ/m2) 35.0

Total Heating (MJ)

Cooling (MJ/m2)

Total Cooling (MJ)

1664.4

31.2

1482.1

9.4

10.9

102.4

5.1

47.8

9.7

32.2

312.9

12.0

116.7 120.1

10.4

25.2

261.9

11.5

4.0 4.9

126.1 74.5

503.2 362.0

5.2 33.7

25.1 134.3

5.7

172.6

989.6

3.5

19.8

5.2

58.3

305.3

11.6

60.7

Muyan Li

U-value

Student Number:

Direction N

Area (m2) 10.0

Direction E

2.0

Area (m2) 5.7

SHGC

Direction

0.31

Area (m2) 5.2

S

Direction W

Area (m2) 29.3

Area (m2) 8.4

Roof/Ceiling Penetration Type

1068026

Location

Quantity

Exhaust fan

3

Downlight

16

sewer vent

1

Final Star Rating:

7.9

Sealed

Area (m2)

References

Page 1 shading: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/week/melbourne_australia_2158177 windrose: https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/archive/windrose/melbourne_australia_2158177

Page 6

natural ventilation: https://www.tealproducts.com/latest-news/types-of-ventilation-controls eave daigram: redrawn diagram: https://www.yourhome.gov.au/passive-design/shading thermal mass diagram: redrawn diagram: https://acarchitects.biz/thermal-mass/ awning: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/window-awning-canopy-19108327588.html adjustable louvers: https://www.ecoawnings.com.au/product/privacy-screen-with-vertical-adjustable-160mm-louvres/ retractable shade cloth: https://soltex.com.au/retractable-shade-sail-2/

Seweage pipe: https://www.iplast.com.ua/en/pipes-for-an-internal-drainage-system sewer pipe and sewer vent: https://www.shakeronline.com/215/Sewers-Maintaining-a-Critical-Infrastruc stormwater site plan example: https://www.yourhome.gov.au/sites/default/files/68373.png side entry pit: https://www.flickr.com/photos/86792135@N04/13996427048 soil with too much salt: https://www.gardeningknowhow.com/garden-how-to/soil-fertilizers/reversing-soil-salinity. htm soil with high ph level: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WqZRDFn0IGI garden drip irrigation: https://www.alamy.com/rows-of-young-potatoes-plants-and-drip-irrigation-in-the-gardenselective-focus-copy-space-image348741923.html greywater indoor reuse: https://www.yourhome.gov.au/sites/default/files/68764.png

Page 3

Page 7

Page 2

Sliding window: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/aluminium-sliding-window-11818574012.html Awning window with block glass: https://www.pinterest.es/pin/775533998312076687/ Casement: https://www.shutterstock.com/search/casement+window Steel Door: https://primacdc.en.made-in-china.com/product/ROnxdLbMbucz/China-Steel-Doors-for-EntranceMain-Entrance-Wooden-Door-Home-Entrance-Door.html Composite frames: https://www.neuffer.de/en/aluclad-upvc-windows.php MDF internal door: https://www.trustile.com/interior-doors/construction/mdf Ceiling with vents: https://www.shera.com/th-en/icorner/view/4-properties-ceiling-material Fibre-cement: https://agroofingandinsulation.ie/index.php/products/kemwell/product/224-kemwell-fire-boards metal roof: https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/432416001717007678/ double brick wall: https://houzbuzz.com/double-brick-cavity-walls/ composite frame with uPVC: https://www.neuffer.de/en/aluclad-upvc-windows.php

Page 4

smart meter: https://www.thebalancesmb.com/pros-and-cons-of-smart-meters-1182648 Smoke alarm: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/ceiling-smoke-detector-21287736930.html Electricity switchboard: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/electrical-mcb-switchboard-19186276662.html double switch: https://www.amazon.ca/Switch-Double-Switches-Google-Assistant/dp/B07N4MYVYM Exhausted fan in kitchen : https://vestar.en.alibaba.com/product/60307973535-804128859/chinese_kitchen_exhaust_ range_hood_industrial_roof_exhaust_fan_carbon_fiber_exhaust_tip.html exhausted fan in bathroom: https://www.thespruce.com/best-bathroom-exhaust-fans-4689544 hybrid solar inverter: https://www.cleanenergyreviews.info/blog/2014/8/14/what-is-hybrid-solar Downlight: https://greenice.com/en/circular-led-slimline-downlights/500-led-slimline-downlight-round-120mm-6w400lm-30-000h-8435402505600.html Courtyard light: https://www.gearbest.com/solar-wall-lights/pp_009257028817.html Monocrystalline solar panels: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Monocrystalline-Solar-Cells-Polycrsytalline-Panels-also-known-as-multicrystalline_fig11_318654444 National Boardband Network: https://www.nbnco.com.au/learn/network-technology/fibre-to-the-premises-explained-fttp

Page 5

ETC collector: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/evacuated-tube-collector Leaf screen for gutters: https://www.e-zgutter.com/products/ez-lock-small-hole leaf shedding rain heads: https://rainharvesting.com.au/products/rain-heads/leaf-beater/ first flush diverter: http://www.ebara.com.hk/productdetail.php?pid=17&Cid=11 submersible pump diagram: https://www.yourhome.gov.au/sites/default/files/W-Rainwater-PressureSupplySubmersiblePump-01_fmt.png tannin filter: https://line.17qq.com/articles/pkgpkpgsy.html pump controller: https://www.yourhome.gov.au/sites/default/files/W-Rainwater-PumpPressureTank-01_fmt.png 3500L tainwater tank: https://www.rotoplas.com.au/products-services/rainwater-tanks/round-water-tanks/3500lround-water-tank/ tank decoration: https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/656329345668466641/ hotwater tank: https://kotly.com/gb/182-hot-water-tank-galmet-sgs-with-no-coil.html solar hot water system: https://wateruseitwisely.com/solarwaterheater/

Air conditioner: https://www.heatingcoolingsystems.net/product/daikin-9-4kw-p-series-reverse-cycle-airconditioner-ftxm95p/ Outside condensor: https://www.heatingcoolingsystems.net/product/daikin-9-4kw-p-series-reverse-cycle-airconditioner-ftxm95p/ controller: https://www.heatingcoolingsystems.net/product/daikin-9-4kw-p-series-reverse-cycle-air-conditionerftxm95p/ Radiant heater: https://www.lowes.com/pd/Broan-Infrared-Heater-0-3-Sone-White-Bathroom-Heater/3046885 heater bulb: https://www.ljll.math.upmc.fr/perronnet/tims9/students/DaiNiHSIEH/project2/web/dnhsieh_P2.htm electric radiator: https://www.electricheatingexpert.co.uk/economiser-electric-radiators/ passive strategy diagram: https://www.firstinarchitecture.co.uk/architecture-design-basics-passive-solar-design/ location: https://www.yourhome.gov.au/sites/default/files/p.184_seating_fmt.png

Page 8

Air conditioner: https://www.heatingcoolingsystems.net/product/daikin-9-4kw-p-series-reverse-cycle-airconditioner-ftxm95p/ Condenser: https://www.heatingcoolingsystems.net/product/daikin-9-4kw-p-series-reverse-cycle-air-conditionerftxm95p/ Outside unit: https://www.heatingcoolingsystems.net/product/daikin-9-4kw-p-series-reverse-cycle-air-conditionerftxm95p/ controller: https://www.heatingcoolingsystems.net/product/daikin-9-4kw-p-series-reverse-cycle-air-conditionerftxm95p/ ceiling fan: https://www.senheng.com.my/panasonic-56-inch-ceiling-fan-psn-fm14czvbwh.html ceiling fan switch: https://www.homedepot.com/p/Replacement-Wall-Switch-for-Outdoor-Altura-FanOnly-82392052508/206130054 evaporative cooler working process: https://www.yourhome.gov.au/sites/default/files/E-HeatCoolEvapCoolerPump-01_fmt.png selected evaporative cooler: https://www.amazon.com/VIVOHOME-Portable-Evaporative-Humidifier-Display/dp/ B083JVHSR3 earth tube: https://www.aivc.org/sites/default/files/members_area/medias/pdf/VIP/VIP11_Ground_cooling.pdf metal roof: https://www.pinterest.com.au/pin/432416001717007678/ double brick wall: https://houzbuzz.com/double-brick-cavity-walls/ composite frame with uPVC: https://www.neuffer.de/en/aluclad-upvc-windows.php cuttain diagram: drawn by myself

Page 9

Glass screen: https://cnyuezhuowindow.en.made-in-china.com/product/RyIEfqTHZZkd/China-Large-KitchenBlack-Frame-Slim-Frame-Sliding-Glass-Doors.html Bluetooth speaker: https://www.amazon.com/Bluetooth-Speakers-Waterproof-Wireless-Pairing/dp/B07P8ZQCYY HD projector: https://www.amazon.com/Projector-Speaker-Support-Entertainment-Compatible/dp/B07WH4JNJ5 Inflatable screen: https://www.openaircinema.us/products/home-outdoor-movie-screen-kit-16 Hand sanitizer: https://www.giftbox.com.au/hand-sanitiser-1l Medical mask: https://www.brouwland.com/en/our-products/personal-protective-equipment/d/3-layer-medicalmask-non-sterile-box-50-pieces Isolation room: https://www.muhealth.org/our-stories/if-covid-19-comes-your-home-learn-isolate-safely small table: https://www.123rf.com/photo_26260343_classic-design-double-wooden-doors-with-small-table-.html working table: https://www.workdesign.com/2016/01/a-simple-table-to-suit-dynamic-workplace-needs/ spinach: https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/home/gardening/a20705736/growing-spinach/ lettuce: https://www.thespruce.com/how-to-grow-fresh-delicious-lettuce-1403404 Green onion: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scallion Treadmill: https://www.bowflex.com/treadmills/t22/100910.html sand pit: https://www.activitytoysdirect.com/plum-giant-wooden-sandpit-p1170/ Partner yoga: https://www.yogabasics.com/connect/yoga-blog/partner-yoga/