Merits of Saläh Sayings of the holy Prophetﷺ: • Worship Alläh as if you see Him, and if you cannot achieve this state of devotion then you must consider that He is looking at you. (Bukhärï 50) •My comfort has been provided in Salah. (Nasaï 3939) • The first thing for which a Muslim will be brought to account on the Day of Resurrection will be the obligatory prayers. (Ibn Mäjah 1425) • I wished to burn down the (homes of) people not attending Saläh. (Tirmizï 217) •If a person regularly performs Saläh, it will serve as a light, an argument in his support and a savior. (Ahmad 6576) •Command a child to perform Saläh when he reaches the age of seven years. When he becomes ten years old, then beat him upon missing Saläh. (Abü Däwüd 494) • The best deed is the (performance of) prayer at its proper time. (Muslim 85) •Alläh blots out (annuls) evil deeds through the five Salähs. (Bukhärï 508) •If a person performs Wuzü and does it well, then performs two units of Saläh in which his heart and face are focused, Paradise will be his. (Nasaï 151) •The five (daily) Salähs, one Friday Saläh up to the (next) Friday Saläh, and one Ramazän up to the next Ramazän are expiations for the (sins) committed in between (their intervals), provided one shuns the major sins. (Muslim 233) •Alläh, the Exalted, has made five prayers obligatory. If anyone performs ablution for them well, offers them at their (right) time, and observes perfectly the bowing and submissiveness in them, it is the guarantee of Alläh that He will pardon him. (Abü Däwüd 425) •Between man, and polytheism and unbelief is the abandonment of Saläh. (Muslim 82) •Saläh is the pillar of Dïn. If a person upholds it, he upholds the Dïn. If he demolishes it, he demolishes the Dïn. (An Näfilah fil Ahädith-iz Za'ïfati wal Mauzü'ah) •If a person misses Fajr Saläh, he loses the luminosity of his face. •If a person misses Zuhr Saläh, he loses the blessings in his income. •If a person misses 'Asr Saläh, he loses his physical strength. •If a person misses Maghrib Saläh, his children turn out to be of no help to him. •If a person misses 'Ishä Saläh, he loses comfort in his sleep.
Times of Saläh and number of units Saläh Name Fajr
Start Time
End Time
Break of true dawn
Sunrise
Zuhr
When the sun comes down from the zenith
When the shadow of an object becomes twice its length in addition to its noonshadow
Units Emphasized Sunnah Compulsory Emphasized Sunnah
2
Farz Emphasized Sunnah Nafl
4 2
2 4
2
'Asr
When the shadow of an object becomes twice its length in addition to its noonshadow
Before sunset (Makrüh (avoidable) time starts at around 20 minutes before sunset.)
Maghrib
Sunset
When the whiteness of twilight disappears
Ishä
When the whiteness of twilight disappears
Before break of true dawn (The preferable time is up to midnight.)
NonEmphasized Sunnah
4
Farz Farz
4 3
Emphasized Sunnah Nafl Nonemphasized Sunnah Farz Emphasized Sunnah Nafl Witr Nafl
2 2 4
4 2 2 3 2
Etiquettes of entering the mosque •Put the right foot first inside the mosque. •Clean your shoes beforehand if filth has stuck to it. •Say ( ِبسْ ِم ہللاBismilläh= In Alläh’s name) while entering. •As soon as you enter, greet those present with ( اَلس َََّل ُم َعلَ ٌْکُ ْمAssalämu àlaikum= Peace be upon you.) •If nobody is there in the mosque, then greet yourself with اَلس َََّل ُم َعلَ ٌْکُ ْمand supplicate to Alläh saying: اَللّ ُه َّم ا ْف َتحْ لًِْ أَب َْوابَ رَ حْ َمتِك (Allähumma-fta lï ab äba ra matik= Alläh! Open Your doors of mercy upon me.) •Sit do n ith your face to ards the holy Ka'bah. •Don’t engage in orldly conversations, games and frivolities, sale and purchase. Don’t raise your voice. •While exiting the mosque, put out your left foot first and recite: ك ِمنْ َفضْ لِك َ ُ ( اَللّ ُه َّم إِنًِْ أَسْ أَلAllähumma innï as'aluka min fa lik= Alläh! I ask You out of Your magnificence.)
Manner of performing ablution (Wuzü) There are four obligatory acts in Wuzü: (1) washing the face, (2) washing both the hands up to and including the elbows, (3) wiping the head with wet hands, and (4) washing both the feet. •First relieve yourself, if needed. •Sit facing the Ka'bah and recite حٌْم ِ ( بِسْ ِم ہللاِ ال َّرحْ م ِن ال َّرBismi-llähirra mäni-rra ïm= In Alläh’s name, the all-merciful, the very compassionate.) •Wash both the hands up to the rists. •Clean your teeth ith tooth-stick. If tooth-stick is not available, clean using your forefinger. •Rinse your mouth thrice ith ater. •Sniff ater into your nose thrice and clean the nostrils with left-hand fingers. •Wash your face thrice keeping in mind that the area between the place of hair-growth on forehead and the region underneath the chin, and that between the two ear-lobes, gets washed. Even if a hair-thin space remains dry in this region, Wuzü will be invalid. •Wash both the arms inclusive of the elbows. Wash the right hand before the left. •Wet your hands afresh and ipe your head, ears and neck. •Wash the t o feet up to and including the ankles. Wash the right foot before the left. •You should avoid talking
during Wuzü. While washing your organs, you should keep repeating the Shahädah-formula and ْ ( اَللّ ُه َّمAllähumma-gfir lï anbï a the supplication: ًَِْاركْ لًِْ فًِْ ِر ْزق ِ َاريْ َوب ِ اغفِرْ لًِْ َذ ْن ِبًْ َووَ سِّعْ لًِْ فًِْ د wassi` lï fï därï wa bärik lï fï ri qï= Alläh! Forgive my sins, make my house spacious, and bless my income.) •After Wuzü, recite the formula: ُ َوأَ ْش َه ُد أَنَّ ُمحَ َّم ًدا َع ْب ُده.ك لَ ُه َ ٌْ َّل َش ِر،ُأَ ْش َه ُد أَنْ َّّل إِل َه إِ َّّل ہللا ُ َوحْ َده ( َورَ س ُْولُهAshhadu allä iläha illal-lähu a dahu, lä sharïka lah. Wa ashhadu anna Mu ammadan àbduhu wa rasüluh: I testify that there is no god other than Alläh Who is one and without partner. I testify that Muhammad is Alläh’s servant and prophet. Alläh! Make me among those who frequently repent, those who diligently keep themselves clean, and those who are Your pious servants. – Tirmizï 55)
Tayammum Obligatory acts of Tayammum: •You should make intention before performing Tayammum •The earthy substance used for the purpose should be clean and pure. •You should thrust both the hands upon it once. •You should wipe your face and arms. Other rulings: •Tayammum is prescribed hen sick, in fear of an enemy, during journey through a place here there is no water, and, in general, when water is not available. •For Tayammum, you need a pure clay-lump or a substance covered ith pure dust or earth. •Thrust both your palms upon it and ipe you face ith the palms. •Thrust your palms again and ipe both your arms from finger-tips to elbows inclusive, with the other palms one by one.
Manner of performing Saläh ُ إِ ِّنً َوجَّ ه •Stand upon prayer-mat and turn to ards the Ka'bah. •Make intention and recite: ْت ِ َاوا َت َو ْاْلَرْ ضَ حَ نٌِ ًفا َو َما أَ َنا مِنَ ا ْل ُم ْش ِركٌِن َ ( َوجْ ِهًَ لِلَّذِي َف َطرَ ال َّسمInnï wajjahtu wajhiya lilla ï fa aras-samäwäti wal-ar a anïfañ wa mä ana mina-lmushrikïn= I have, indeed, turned my face straight towards the One who created the heavens and the earth, and I am not one of those who associate partners with Alläh. – Qurän 6:79) •Raise both your hands to the level of your ears and then, saying Takbïr: ( َہللا ُ أَ ْك َب ُرAllähu akbar= Alläh is the greatest.) bring down your hands and place your right palm over your left belo the navel. This is the Hanafï method. The other method is Shäfi’ïHañbalï in hich the palms are placed upon the chest. •Then recite Sanä: ك َ ك اللَّ ُه َّم َو ِبحَ ْم ِد َ ُس ْبحَ ا َن َ َ َ َ َ .ك َ ك َوّل إِل َه َغ ٌْ ُر َ ك َوتعَالى جَ ُّد َ ك اسْ ُم َ َ( َوتبَارSub änakal-lähumma a bi amdika a tabäraka-smuka wa ta`älä jadduka wa lä iläha ghairuk= Alläh! You are without blemish, and You are praiseworthy. Your name is blessed and Your glory is exalted. There is no God besides You. –Tirmizï:242) ُ ( أَعA u billähi minash shai än-ir rajïm= I seek refuge •Recite Ta’a u : ج ٌِم ِ َّ ُِوذ ب ِ َّان الر ِ اَّلل مِنْ ال َّش ٌْ َط with Alläh from Satan, the outcast.) •Recite ٌِم ِ َّ ( ِبسْ ِمBismilläh-ir Ra mänir Ra ïm= ِ ہللا ال َّرحْ م ِ َن الرَّ ح With the name of Alläh, the All-Merciful, the Very-Merciful.) •Recite the Quränic chapter Al ِّ ) اهْ ِد َنا ال5( ُك َنسْ َتعٌِن Fätihah: صرَ ا َط َ ك َنعْ ُب ُد َوإٌَِّا َ ) إٌَِّا4( ٌن ِ ) مَالِكِ ٌَ ْو ِم ال ِّد3( ٌِم ِ ) الرَّ حْ م2( َا ْلحَ ْم ُد ِ ََّّللِ رَ بِّ ا ْلعَالَمٌِن ِ َن الرَّ ح )7( َب َعلٌَ ِْه ْم َو َّل الضَّالٌِّن ِ ) صِ رَ ا َط الَّذٌِنَ أَ ْن َع ْمتَ َعلٌَ ِْه ْم َغٌ ِْر ا ْلم َْغضُو6( ( ا ْلمُسْ َتقٌِ َمAl amdu lillähi rabbi-lälamïn (2) Arra manir-ra ïm (3) Mäliki yaumid-dïn (4) Iyyäka na`budu wa iyyäka nastaïn (5) Ihdinas-sirä almustaqïm (6) Sirä al-la ïna an mta laihim gairil mag bi laihim ala- ällïn (7)= Praise belongs to Alläh, the Lord of all the worlds, the All-Merciful, the Very Merciful, the Master of the Day of Requital. You alone do we worship, and from You alone do we seek help. Take us on the
straight path: the path of those on whom You have bestowed Your Grace, not of those who have incurred Your wrath, nor of those who have gone astray.) •Read any other Quränic َّ )1( ہللا ُ أَحَ د َّ ( قُ ْل ه َُوQul huwal-lähu chapter. Example: )4( ) َولَ ْم ٌَ ُكنْ لَ ُه ُكفُ ًوا أَحَ د3( ) لَ ْم ٌَل ِْد َولَ ْم ٌُولَ ْد2( ص َم ُد َّ ہللا ُ ال a ad (1) Allähus-samad (2) Lam yalid wa lam yülad (3) Walam yakul lahü kufu an a ad (4)= Say: The truth is that Alläh is One. Alläh is Besought of all, needing none. He neither begot anyone, nor was he begotten. And equal to Him has never been any one.) •Lo er do n yourself to the bowing position saying َہللا ُ أ ْك َب ُر. Recite the bowing-formula three, five or seven times: ًَُس ْبحَ انَ رَ ِّب ( ا ْل َعظِ ٌِمSub äna rabbiyal a ïm= Glory be to my mighty Lord!) • Raise your head from bowing, َّ َ( َسمِعSami allähu liman amidah= Alläh heard those who sent praises to Him.) saying: ُہللا ُ لِ َمنْ حَ ِم َده and when standing straight, say: ك ا ْلحَ ْم ُد َ َ( رَ َّب َنا َو لRabbanä a lakal amd= Our Lord! All the praises are for you.) •Then go do n to prostration saying َہللا ُ أ ْك َب ُر. Recite the prostration-formula ( ُس ْبحَ انَ رَ ِّبًَ ْاْلَعْ لَىSub äna rabbiyal a lä= Glory be to my Lord, most high!) three, five or seven times. •Raise your head from the first prostration saying َہللا ُ أ ْك َب ُر. Sit on folded knees for the duration of reciting one tasbïh ( ُس ْبحَ انَ ہللا: Sub änal-läh= Glory be to Alläh.) •Go down to the second prostration saying َہللا ُ أ ْك َب ُر. Recite the prostration-formula ُس ْبحَ انَ رَ ِّبًَ ْاْلَعْ لَىas in the first prostration. •Stand up saying َہللا ُ أ ْك َب ُر. (This completes the first Saläh-unit.) •In the Shäfi’ï-Hañbalï method, hands are raised up to the level of ears before and after every bowing. This is termed as Hand-Raising (raf'e yadain). Moreover, in this method, Ämïn is said audibly in Saläh-units with audible recitation. This is called Audible Ämïn-Saying (Ämïn bil jahr). •Perform the second Saläh-unit like the first unit except that you should not recite Sanä and ُ ٌح Ta’a u . •On completing the second unit, sit on folded knees and recite Tashahhud: َّلل ِ ال َّت ِ َّ ِ َّات َّ ات َو َّ الس َََّل ُم َعلَ ٌْ َنا َو َعلَى ِعبَا ِد،ہللاِ َوبَرَ َكا ُت ُه َّ ك أَ ٌُّهَا ال َّنبًُِّ َورَ حْ َم ُة ُ الط ٌِّب ُ صلَ َو أَ ْش َه ُد أَنْ َّل إِلَ َه إِ َّّل. َہللاِ الصَّالِحٌِن َّ َوال َ ٌْ َ الس َََّل ُم َعل،َات َّ (At ta iyyätu lillähi as-sala ätu a - ayyibät. As salämu laika .ہللا ُ َوأَ ْش َه ُد أَنَّ ُمحَ َّم ًدا َع ْب ُدهُ َورَ سُول ُ ُه ayyuhan-nabiyyu a ra matullähi a barakätuh. As salämu àlainä wa àlä ìbädillähis-säli ïn. Ashhadu allä iläha illallähu a ash-hadu anna Mu ammadan àbduhü wa rasüluh= All the compliments, prayers and good things are due to Alläh. Peace be on you, O Prophet, and Alläh's mercy and blessings be on you. Peace be on us and on the true pious slaves of Alläh. I testify that none has the right to be worshipped but Alläh and I also testify that Muhammad is His slave and His Apostle. –Bukhärï 831) •If you need to perform three or four units of obligatory Saläh, then stand up saying َہللا ُ أ ْك َب ُرfor the third unit. •Recite the other remaining units in the same way except that you should not recite a Quränic chapter after Al Fätihah. •But if you are performing the third and fourth units of a Sunnah or Nafl, then recite Quränic chapters in the last two units too. •In the last unit after completing Tashahhud, recite Durüde Ibrähïm: ص ِّل َعلَى ُمحَ مَّد َو َعلَى َ اللَّ ُه َّم َ َكمَا بَارَ ْكت،آل ُمحَ مَّد َ إِ َّن،آل إِ ْبرَ اهٌِ َم َ َكمَا،آل ُمحَ مَّد ِ َاركْ َعلَى ُمحَ مَّد َو َعلَى ِ َو َعلَى،صلٌَّْتَ َعلَى إِ ْبرَ اهٌِ َم ِ ِ ك حَ مٌِد َم ِ اللَّ ُه َّم ب،جٌد َّ َ َ ْ ْ جٌد م ٌِد م ك ن إ م ٌِ ه ا ب إ ل آ ى ل ع و ، م ٌِ ه ا ب إ ى ل ع . (Allähumma s alli lä Mu ammadiñ wa lä äli Mu ammadin َ َح َ َر َ َ َر َ َ ِ ِ َ ِ ِ ِ kamä sallaita lä Ibrähïma a lä äli Ibrähïma, innaka ameedum-majïd. Allähumma bärik lä Mu ammadiñ wa lä äli Mu ammadin kamä bärakta lä Ibrähïma a lä äli Ibrähïma, innaka ameedum-majïd= Alläh! Send Your Mercy on Muhammad and on the family of Muhammad, as You sent Your Mercy on Ibrahïm and on the family of Ibrahïm, for You are the Most Praiseworthy, the Most Glorious. O Alläh! Send Your Blessings on Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You sent your Blessings on Ibrahïm and on the family of Ibrahïm, for You are the Most Praise-worthy, the Most Glorious. –Bukhärï 337) •After this, recite the traditional ُ ً ِْت َن ْفس ُّ ظ ْلمًا َكثٌِرً ا َو َّل ٌ َْغفِ ُر ْ الذ ُنوبَ إِ َّّل أَ ْنتَ َف ُ اللَّ ُه َّم إِ ِّنً َظلَم supplication: َك َوارْ حَ ْمنًِ إِ َّنك أَ ْنت َ اغفِرْ لًِ م َْغفِرَ ًة مِنْ ِع ْن ِد ا ْل َغفُو ُر ال َّرحٌِ ُم. (Allähumma innï alamtu nafsï ulman katheerä, a lä yagfiru -zunüba illä ant(a),
fagfir lï magfiratam min indik(a), ar amnï, innaka ant-al gafür-ur rahïm.= Alläh! I have wronged my soul very much (oppressed myself), and none forgives the sins but You; so please bestow Your Forgiveness upon me and have mercy upon me. No doubt, You are the OftForgiving, Most Merciful. –Bukhärï 834) •After this, turn your face right and left saying each time ہللا ِ َّ ( الس َََّل ُم َعلَ ٌْ ُك ْم َورَ حْ َم ُةAs salämu alaikum a ra matulläh= Peace and Alläh's Mercy be upon you.) •In obligatory Salähs, recite this formula: حَ ٌِّ َنا رَ َّب َنا،ج ُع الس َََّل ُم َ ٌْ َك الس َََّل ُم َوإِل َ اَللّ ُه َّم أَ ْنتَ الس َََّل ُم َو ِم ْن ِ ْك ٌَر ٌَا َذا ا ْلجَ ََل ِل َو ْاْلِ ْكرَ ِام، َ َتبَارَ ْكتَ رَ َّب َنا َو َتعَالٌَْت،خ ْل َنا دَارَ الس َََّل ِم ِ َوأَ ْد،( ِبالس َََّل ِمAllähumma antas-salämu wa minkassalämu wa ilaika yarjiùs-salämu, ayyinä rabbanä bis-saläm, wa adkhilnä dära-ssaläm, tabärakta rabbanä wa taälait, yä aljaläli al ikräm= Alläh! You are Peace, the source of peace and its destination. Keep us alive in peace and let us enter the House of Peace (Jannah). You are the Lord of blessings and sublimity, O Lord of majesty and honor.)
Witr Saläh: •Witr Saläh is compulsory ( äjib). In each of its three units, you should recite a Quränic chapter after Fätihah. •After completing the Quränic chapter in the third Saläh-unit, raise your hands to ّ َ, the level of yours ears as you did for the starting Takbïr. •Then lower the hands saying ہللا ُ أَ ْك َب ُر and place your hands one over the other, below the navel as before. •Recite the supplication: ُ َو َن ْخلَ ُع َو َن ْت ُر،ك .ك َ ك َمن ٌَّ ْف ُج ُر َ ك َو َّل َن ْكفُ ُر َ َو َن ْش ُك ُر، َك ا ْل َخ ٌْر َ ٌْ َ َو ُن ْثنًِْ َعل،ك َ ٌْ َك َو َن َت َو َّك ُل َعل َ َو ُن ْؤ ِمنُ ِب، ك َ ك َو َنسْ َت ْغفِ ُر َ اللَّ ُه َّم إِ َّنا َنسْ َت ِع ٌْ ُن .حق ِ ار ُم ْل َ إِنَّ َع َذا َب،ك َ ك َو َن ْخشى َع َذا َب َ َو َنرْ ج ُْو رَ حْ َم َت،ك َنسْ عى َو َنحْ ِف ُد َ ٌْ َ َوإِل،صلًِّْ َو َنسْ ُج ُد َ ك ُن َ َ َول،ك َنعْ ُب ُد َ اللَّ ُه َّم إ ٌَّا ِ ك ِبا ْل ُك َّف (Allähumma innä nastaïnuka a nastagfiruka, a nu’minu bika a nata akkalu laika, a nuthnï àlaik-al khaira, wa nashkuruka wa lä nakfuruka, a nakhla a natruku ma yafjuruka. Allähumma iyyäka na budu, a laka nusallï a nasjudu, a ilaika nasä a na fidu, a narj ra mataka a nakhshä äbaka, inna äbaka bil kuffäri mul iq= Alläh! We seek help from You. We seek Your forgiveness. We believe in You. We rely on You. We praise You in the best manner. We thank You and are not ungrateful to You. We separate and break up from all who disobey You. Alläh! We worship You and to You do we pray and prostrate. To You do we flee and we are quick in doing so. We hope for Your mercy and we fear Your punishment. Verily, Your punishment overtakes the Disbelievers.)
Friday Saläh •Friday Saläh is performed at the time of Zuhr. •It is obligatory only for sane and adult Muslim men. •It is not obligatory for women, slaves and sick men. However, if they perform it, it will be valid. •Taking a bath on Friday is Sunnah and applying scent and wearing best clothes are desirable. •The sooner a person arrives at mosque for Friday Saläh, the more re ard he gets. •Alläh’s Prophet ﷺsaid: When it is Friday, the angels stand at every door of the mosque and record the people in the order of their arrival, and when the Imäm sits (on the pulpit for delivering the sermon) they fold up their sheets and listen to the mention (of Alläh). And he who comes early is like one who offers a she-camel as a sacrifice (in reward), the next like one who offers a cow, the next a ram, the next a hen, and the next an egg. (Muslim 2/587) •If a person comes later, he gets the reward of Saläh only.
Manner of Ablution Wash your palms up to your wrists in this manner. Hold the tooth-stick in this way. Enter water into the mouth thus. Enter water into the nose in this manner. Wash your face in this way. Wash both your arms from finger-tips to elbows inclusive in this manner. Wipe your head, ears and neck with wet hands in this way. Wash your feet in this manner.
Manner of Saläh Manner of the starting Takbïr Manner of placing palms below navel / on chest Manner of bowing Manner of standing up after bowing. Manner of placing palms, nose and forehead in prostration Manner of performing prostration Manner of placing your hands during prostration Manner of sitting upon bent knees after prostrations Manner of placing hands and feet in Tashahhud-sitting and of raising the right forefinger Manner of sitting for Tashahhud Manner of performing the ending Saläm Manner of performing supplication after Saläh