17. WILAYAH TAKWINIYYAH [EDITED]

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17. WILĀYAH TAKWĪNIYYAH [EDITED] Definition and Scope َ ‫(و‬ The term wilāyah )‫ال َية‬ ِ is derived from the verb waliya )‫(ول َِي‬ َ yalī ) ْ‫ ( َيلي‬, “to be near (someone or something)”, “to adjoin (something)”; (‫ َو َالء‬walā’, ‫ َو َال َية‬walāyah); “to be a friends (of someone)”, “to be friends”; )‫ َو َال َية‬walāyah, wilāyah), “to be in charge, to run, to administer, to govern, to rule, to have power.” Therefore, the term wilāyah means “authority, power.” According to Shia (Shī‘ah) theology, it is the authority invested in the Prophet (‫ )ﷺ‬and the ahlu ’l-bayt (the Prophet’s family) as representatives of Allah the Almighty on this earth. The Iranian cleric, philosopher, lecturer and politician Morteza Motahhari )‫ مُرْ َتضى ُم َطه َِّري‬, 1919–979)1 mentioned four dimensions of wilāyah in: (a) Wilāyah Maḥabbah, namely, the right of love of the Prophet and his family; (b) Wilāyah Imāmah, namely, their authority in spiritual guidance, in 1

Mortaza Mutahhari was an Iranian Shiite (Shī‘ī, ‫ (شيعي‬religious scholar, a philosopher, a thinker and a prolific writer. He was one the prominent student of the Islamic philosopher Muḥammad Ḥusayn al-Ṭabāṭabā’ī and Rūḥ Allāh al-Khumaynī (Khomeini). He was born in the province of Khorasan in 31 of January, 1919 from a family originated from Herat, Afghanistan. He attended the religious centre in Qom from 1944 till 1952. As a politician he was arrested three times: in 1963 for joining demonstration against the arrest of Khomeini; 1969 for his participation in collecting donations for Palestinian people; and in 1972 for his activity in al-Jawād mosque. In 1979 he went to Paris where he was assigned by Khomeini to form the Council of the Islamic Revolution and became its chairman, and in 1979 he was assigned by Khomeini to be responsible for a committee for his reception. In 1 May 1979 less than three months after the victory of the Islamic Revolution, Mutahhari was assassinated by a member of fighters of a group of dissidents. He was a prolific writer in various subjects, such as: ‫( نقد الماركسية‬Critiques on Marxism), ‫العدل اإللهي‬ (The Divine Justice), ‫( فلسفة التاريخ‬Philosophy of History), ‫( اإلنسان الكامل‬The Perfect Man), ‫( هدف الحياة اإلنسانية‬The Purpose of Human Life), and ‫شمس‬ ‫( الدين لن تغيب‬The Sun of the Religion—of Islam—will never Set).


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