Portfolio 2019-2021

P O R T F O L I O YUNA IGARI architecture student 2019-2021

contents 01 RECOLLECTION - 追憶 2021 : Diploma

02 CROSSING 2020 : Design Drawing 2 Ⅱ

03 TREE HOUSE 2019 : 1/1 project

RECOLLECTION 追憶 - Visitor and research facilities associated with the Interim Storage and Final Disposal Facility for High-Level Radioactive Waste - 高レベル放射性廃棄物中間保存施設・最終処分施設に付随する見学施設及び研究施設 -

2021 Diploma Location - Reiwajima, Tokyo, JAPAN Prof. - Yasushi Moribe ( yAt Structural Design Office inc.)

The Excellent Graduation Design Awarded

Location of Nuclear Power Plants and Electricity Use in Japan

HOW SHOULD WE MAINTAIN THE NUCLEAR POWER STATION IN JAPAN?

ABOUT High-level radioactive waste is generated at nuclear powerplants as a by-product everyday, yet the selection of their final disposal site has not been concluded. Considering the plant site is located far from the city because of its risk, there is a huge a unbalance of benefit between the site of energy generation and consumption. This proposal aims to deal with this inequality, by selecting Tokyo, the city of highest energy consumption, as the final disposal site and clarify the responsibility of energy consumers.

Tw o s t e p s a re n e e d e d t o d i s p o s e h i g h - l e v e l radioactive waste: intermidiate storage and final disposal. For intermidiate storage, the radioactive substances are required to be stored for 30 to 50 years above ground, and for final disposal, they are required to be more than 300 meters underground for 100,000 years.

"An enor mously long process lies behind the immediate convenience." This plan lets people feel and think about it.

Nuclear power plant

High-level radioactive waste

Interim Storage Facilities

Radioactive waste is generated

Stored above ground

during power generation

for 30-50 years

Final Disposal Facilities

Stored for more than 100,000 years at

High-level radioactive waste generation and disposal process

After the final disposition

Underground facilities are backfilled

depths of more than 300 m

and waste hidden

below ground

for future generations.

Vitrified waste

Inside a high-level radioactive waste storage center

VITRIFIED WASTE In nuclear power generation, the heat generated in the process of fission reaction of uranium is extracted to produce electricity, and this process generates "spent fuel". In Japan, where resources are scarce, the "nuclear fuel cycle" is being promoted, in which uranium and plutonium are scientifically extracted from this spent fuel (reprocessing) and reused. After reprocessing, 95% of the spent fuel can be reused, but the remaining 5% becomes liquid waste that cannot be reused. This is fused with glass materials, poured into a stainless steel container, cooled, and solidified into a vitrified product, or high-level radioactive waste.

Cross-sectional illustration of storage facility

INTERMEDIATE STORAGE FACILITY Vitrified waste is a stable material that does not have the potential for outbursts, nor does it undergo "criticality," in which radioactive material undergoes nuclear fission to generate energy. Although the vitrified waste produces strong radiation, the dose can be safely controlled because it is sufficient to be shielded by a 2-meter concrete wall. In fact, 1,830 pieces of vitrified waste are safely stored at the HighLevel Radioactive Waste Storage Center in Rokkasho Village, Aomori Prefecture, JAPAN. (run by Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited).

FINAL DISPOSAL FACILITY Because high-level radioactive waste requires more

processed in Japan and those returned from overseas,

than 100,000 years for the radioactivity level to fully

are stored and managed in Japan. The final disposal

decay, it is not always possible to safely manage the

facility planned for this project will be capable of

waste for generations of humans, who live only 100

burying more than 40,000 vitrified waste packages,

years at most. Therefore, it is inter nationally

taking into account the amount of waste packages

recognized that the best way to dispose of radioactive

that will be generated in the future.

waste is to confine it deep underground in stable rock formations and isolate it from the living environment

Nuclear power generation, which was created by

of humans. This is called "geological disposal," and in

human beings but still generates untouched waste,

Japan, disposal is to be carried out in geological

has been derided as a "toiletless condominium".

formations deeper than 300 meters underground.

Nuclear power was developed based on the idea that all that is important is the present moment, and in the

Vitrified waste

Overpack t=200mm

Packaging t=700mm

Artificial Barrier

The amount of spent fuel from nuclear power

end, radioactive waste was generated by human

generation generated by March 2020, when converted

power that could not be managed. The accumulation

into vitrified waste, is equivalent to about 26,000

of this waste is evidenced by the 18,000 tons of spent

spent fuel bottles. Of this amount, 2,492 pieces of

fuel that remain untouched.

Bedrock Natural Barrier

Composition of multiple barriers in geological disposal

Axometoric of Final disposal facility (overall)

Axometoric of Final disposal facility (1 plot)

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SITE To determine whether a particular site is suitable for

Reiwa-jima is an artificial island made from seabed

geological disposal, an comprehensive examination

sediment and waste soil. The site is mainly used for

on regional scientific properties is necessary. "The

wharfage, with Haneda Airport to the south. The

Scientific Characteristics Map" provided by the

island is connected to Jonan-jima via Rinkai Tunnel,

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan

and Shin-Kiba area via Tokyo Gate Bridge, making the

(METI) shows the favorable area as a geological

island superior in transportation. This is an essencial

disposal site, based on an objective evaluation over

quality as a final disposal site, considering that spent

the regional scientific characteristics. The object site,

nuclear fuel come from nuclear power plants

an island called "Reiwa-jima" in Ota, Tokyo, was

throughout Japan, and they will be reprocessed in

selected considering the "favorable areas in terms of

France or United Kingdom.

transportation" based on this map.

Bird's eye view of the site based on "The Scientific Characteristics Map"

Areas estimated to have undesirable characteristics (in terms of long-term stability of deep underground) Areas estimated to have undesirable characteristics (in terms of future drilling potential) Areas with relatively high likelihood of identifying favorable characteristics Preferable in terms of transportation

A R C H I T Interim storage facility Landscape of the excavated soil

Memorial facility Research Facility Final disposal facilities (on ground)

Final disposal facilities (underground)

Axometric of the sites

敷地アクソメ図

E C T U R E Int

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PROPOSAL Since it takes more than 100,000 years for the radioactive waste to get fully harmless, a place visualizing how the time goes on is necessary, rather than destroying the unpleasent past and pretending

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recent years in Japan. In this proposal, the site is

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not to see then, like the scrap-and-build approach of divided into four sections. Three sections would be used as a temporary storage yard for the soil generated by the construction of the final disposal site, and the remaining section for the facility site. The huge final disposal facility is supposed to be

Axometric of the architecture

constructed not all at once, but in phases, along the progress of prescribed disposal procedure.

The orthogonal arrangement of the intermediate storage facility and the memorial facility is a mark of remembrance for the victims of the nuclear accident that only appears when looking down from the sky.

plan GL-3400 S:1/700

plan GL-14800 S:1/700

Memorial Facility Research Facility

backyard

Interm Strage Facility

plan GL+1600 S:1/700

plan GL+13600 S:1/700

short section S:1/3000

long section S:1/3000

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CONCEPT SKETCH

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Faze 1 Faze 2 Faze 3 Faze 4 Faze 5

The waste, which is enclosed in layers to prevent the release of radioactivity and ultimately buried underground, is superimposed on the human burial in a coffin to create a cemetery-like landscape. 3,040 sarcophagi made of concrete measuring W7000 x D17500 x H6000 (t=500) will be placed in a grid pattern with 4000 aisles in 3/4 of the entire site. The replacement of soil for a total of 40 boxes, 5 horizontal and 8 vertical, will be planned and replicated throughout the site.

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ABOUT The underground facility has an area that can accommodate 40,000 bottles of waste in total, but due to the excavated soil being placed above ground, it can only be constructed for 9,600 bottles at a time, or 48 years. This is calculated based on the assumption that 200 vitrified waste bottles are returned from overseas each year. The excavated soil to be stored above ground is divided into five stages.

When the underground facilities begin to be backfilled, the soil from Faze 1 will be used for backfilling.

The capacity of the soil is calculated and when the Faze 4 soil is used up, it means that 48 years of waste has been contained in the underground facility. Over the next two years, excavation of the underground facilities for the next 48 years will retur n the sarcophagus to the Faze 0 condition. Thus, the site will continue to cycle in a 50-year cycle, and the sarcophagus will continue to cycle from Faze 0 to Faze 4 - at least for 200 years or more - until the disposal of the waste is complete.

A box of soil, a box surfaced with grass, and a box overgrown with shrubs ───── Each box of soil is marked by a different passage of time. When the soil is used to backfill the final disposal facility, the plants on top will be planted on the facility site.

Faze 0 100% excavated soil Final disposal facility constructed for 48 years, with all sarcophagi filled with excavated soil

Faze 1 80% excavated soil Soil to be backfilled within 12 years

Faze 2 60% excavated soil Soil to be backfilled within 13-24 years

Faze 3 40% excavated soil Soil to be backfilled within 25-36 years

Faze 4 20% excavated soil Soil to be backfilled within 37-48 years New final disposal facility to be excavated over next 2 years and return to Faze 1

Faze 5 Soil for passages up to 300 m underground Not backfilled until all radioactive waste is disposed of

Faze X All excavated soil has been backfilled Only the concrete sarcophagus remains above ground

Faze 0

Faze 1

Faze 2

o year

12 years

24 years

Faze 3

Faze 4

Faze X

36 years

48 years

XX years

IN THE FUTURE XX years later, in a world where the geological disposal of all radioactive waste has been completed, the final disposal site is no longer in operation. The underground facilities will be backfilled and all aboveground facilities will be removed, but a forest with unnaturally hollowed-out crosses and neatly lined concrete boxes will appear.

It is no longer the overwhelming mass of homogeneous, inorganic, concrete boxes that is frightening. In contrast, organic nature. However, within that forest is a clearly unnatural crisscrossing void.

Rather than hiding the existence of radioactive waste from future generations by clearing the land, we hope that the discomfort of the harmony of inorganic and organic, natural and unnatural, will remain in this place semi-permanently, so that it will become a space that can continue to appeal for its existence.

CROSSING - Coexistence of rationality and affluence - 合理性と豊かさの共存 -

2020 Designing and Drawing Ⅱ2 Facility - Patio (redesign) Location - Sangenjaya, Tokyo, Japan Prof. - Kentaro Ishida (KIAS)

Setagaya Line.

site wer o T t o Carr

ABOUT This patio connects the two Sangenjaya stations: Tokyu Den'entoshi Line and Setagaya Line.This space not only connects the ground floor and the basement floor, but also plays a role as a stage for show events. However, it is mostly considered as a transit path, merely as a place to hang out.

Since this location also faces the "Carrot Tower", a commercial facility, and "Suzuran Street," where many old-fashioned bars are located, this is an intersection of people who use the station for transfers, people going shopping, and people with many other purposes.

Japanese people prefer the shortest route and possess a rationalistic nature, seeking for the easiest way, efficiency, and profit. In such a hurry to live, can we not remind them of the richness that they have lost because of their rationality?

The path that we thought was a detour eventually turns out to be the shortest distance. A new

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tree S n a r u Suz

value is proposed, which follows both the philosophy of "the longest way round is the nearest way home", an old Japanese proverb, and the rationality of modern Japanese.

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20 m

to Carrot Tower

People flow from the Denentoshi Line

to Suzuran St. People flow from the Setagaya Line

The Setagaya Line and the Denentoshi Line, two major train lines, will operate around a flow line of movement from station to station, which will also allow movement to commerce.

The organic shape allows people to both guide their movement and stay.

Diagram

If used as a stage around the waterfall,

Moving the waterfall to the south would allow for the

it would obstruct traffic in the shortest distance.

shortest distance of passage even when the stage is set up.

When the patio is used as a stage,

The middle floor and the north ground passage will expand

visitors must view it on the ground level.

the range of the stage.

Many people stayed on the staircase landing,

In addition, by moving the waterfall to the south, the

but it was obstructing traffic.

flowing water reflects the sunlight.

Suzuran Street

before

・GL±000

Waterfall Carrot Tower ・GL-6600

ELV Canopy

Police Office Smoking area ・GL±000 Pedestrian Area

Pedestrian Area

to Den-en-toshi Line→

Setagaya Street

Pedestrian Area

Underground pathway

after

from east side

from west side

TREE HOUSE 2019 Project - 1/1 architecture Location - Showa Women's University, Tokyo, JAPAN Prof. - Yasushi Moribe ( yAt Structural Design Office inc.)

Keisuke Tamura (architect, Showa Women's University)

ABOUT "1/1 architecture" is a project that aims to help architecture students learn about architecture from a different perspective from their usual design assignments by building a full-scale architecture by themselves, in contrast to the way architecture students think about space in smaller dimensions such as 1/200 or 1/100.

I participated in this project in my second year and built a tree house with five other second-year students.

In the group work, I was mainly in charge of making drawings and 3D models.

The production period is about six months, and the production will be shown to the public at the school festival in November.

PROPOSAL Can architecture and nature become one?

In Japan, many buildings are constructed of trees, and when building, it is necessary to cut down nature. In recent urban development, forests have been destroyed in many cases in order to increase the area for human habitation. Therefore, coexistence of architecture and nature is generally considered to be difficult.

However, we believe that treehouses are the ultimate form of coexistence between architecture and nature.

Treehouses can increase the area of human habitation without destroying nature. Moreover, there is no possibility of disturbing the growth of the trees by reconstructing them as they grow.

Aiming for the coexistence of nature, architecture, and humans, the challenge of the first ever 1/1 floating architecture in the air has begun.

Timetable JUN

JUL

SCHEME

AUG

EXPERI

During the first semester, we mainly selected and researched the site, applied for permission from the school,

During the summer vacation, we procured lumber and

and built a model. In selecting the site, it was important to determine which trees would catch the attention

actual site. We also made a 1/1-size mock-up and stud

of as many people as possible, since the exhibit was to be held at a cultural festival. We made many models

size. We were delighted to see that one by one, more

and studied the design, keeping in mind how the trees could be designed to blend with nature and how to

had built, and began to learn the joy of building archite

avoid creating a sense of incongruity between nature and architecture.

SEP

IMENT

OCT

NOV

CONSTRUCTION

d bolts by ourselves and conducted experiments on the

The design was finalized in the second semester, and wood processing for the production began. We worked

died the design not only on a model but also at actual

from morning to night during free time from classes, after classes, and all holidays. From two weeks before

and more people were able to climb the mockups they

the festival, we were on the first train to the last train. It wasn't uncommon for the school to be lit only by the

ecture with our own hands.

light of our work. We could not finish the construction even on the day before the festival, and everyone around us thought we would never make it, but we never gave up until the very end.

1 unit

sandwich & 3 frames

floor & beam

STRUCTURE There are two main types of treehouse structures: sandwich construction and GL construction. The sandwich construction method is to sandwich the wood between the trunk and bolt it to the structure, while the GL construction method is to drill holes in the wood and drive special bolts into the wood to create the structure. The GL method is said to be less stressful on the wood from a long-ter m perspective, however, in this situation, ・Temporary construction for 2 days only ・The GL method is suited to the U.S., where there are many large trees, and is not suited to Japan ・The special bolts required for the GL method are difficult to obtain Therefore, the sandwich construction method was adopted. In addition, the sandwich construction method distributes the load to each unit by having the sandwich take up the load at four different locations instead of one.

DETAIL The overall structure is formed from 4 units, each unit consisting of 1 sandwich structure and 3 frames. Only the lowest unit needs to support more load, so two sandwiches are placed at right angles to each other.The sandwich of the structure is made of 120 mm cedar, and the bolts used for tightening are φ =12mm. The frame of the unit is formed of 60mm Tsuga (Japanese hemlock), and the floor is made of larch plywood (t=12mm) on beams made of 45mm Tsuga.

Japanese cedar 120*120mm bolt φ =12mm Japanese hemlock 60*60mm Japanese hemlock 45*45mm Larch plywood t=12mm Larch plywood t=24mm

OFFENSIVE AND RECEPTIVE All frames are designed for load-bearing, and the arrangement of the wooden attack and support is planned.

Japanese people have long excelled at building structures without metal fittings, using only combinations of wood. This is the reason why we were inspired by the two traditional Japanese construction methods of rectangular and T-shape joints to plan the structure of this tree house.

MISALIGNMENT AND COMMONALITY The members supporting the frame are staggered to match the overhanging staircase for each of the 300. By combining the different designs in a staggered manner, a commonality and a sense of circulation are achieved.

UNIT1 ボルトφ12

栂45×45 栂60×60 ラーチ合板t=24

杉120×120

SANDWICH

サンドイッチ GL+1360

SANDWICH

FRAME

サンドイッチ GL+1480

枠 GL+1570

UNIT2

21 ｜ Plan

FRAME

SHORT PILLAR

枠 GL+2010

束 GL+2060

SANDWICH

サンドイッチ GL+2140

SHORT PILLAR

FRAME

SHORT PILLAR

束 GL+2560

枠 GL+2670

束 GL+2720

FRAME

SHORT PILLAR

FRAME

枠 GL+3110

束 GL+3220

枠 GL+3330

SHORT PILLAR

FRAME

SHORT PILLAR

束 GL+3660

枠 GL+3770

束 GL+3880

栂60×60

FRAME

SHORT PILLAR

枠 GL+1790

束 GL+1900

FRAME

SHORT PILLAR

FRAME

枠 GL+2230

束 GL+2340

枠 GL+2450

FRAME

SHORT PILLAR

枠 GL+2890

束 GL+3000

SHORT PILLAR

束

GL+1680

UNIT3

SANDWICH

サンドイッチ GL+2800

UNIT4

SHORT PILLAR

束 GL+3380

SANDWICH

サンドイッチ GL+3460

FRAME

枠 GL+3550

FRAME

SHORT PILLAR

FRAME

枠 GL+3990

束 GL+4100

枠 GL+4210

Plan S:1/80 ｜ 22

North-east elevation S:1/200

North-west elevation S:1/200

South-west elevation S:1/200

South-east elevation S:1/200

23 ｜ Plan

B-B' Section S:1/60

Plan view

Section view

A-A' Section S:1/80

Front view

Ladder detail S:1/40 ｜ 24

3D model

1/1 architecture

Architecture that allo

architecture and nature, people

ows people to connect with

e with nature, and people with people.

other

A’

[ bicycle parking ]

[ oyamachi space ] [ workshop space ] B

B’ 上部天窓

[ entrance ]

上部天窓

・FL＋300

・FL±000

[ toilet ] bookshelf

[ cafe ]

EV 上部天窓

3rd place - cell A

0m

3m

6m

- 2nd year studio work in 2019 - library, comunity facility

1F Plan＆Layout

Time slip - operation of time and architecture - 3rd year studio work in 2020 - 5 houses and commerce

works

Creation and Destraction - 3rd year studio work in 2020 - dormitory of architecture students

If ── 001 - 3rd year studio work in 2021 - complex of houses and commerce

Gradation - 4th year studio work in 2021 - library

Thank you for reading. ────────── YUNA IGARI