Εργαστηριο Παθαν

Page 1

ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΑΚΑ ΜΑΘΗΜΑΤΑ

ΗΛΙΑΣ ΔΡΑΚΟΣ MD PhD ΠΑΘΟΛΟΓΟΝΑΤΟΜΙΚΟ ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΠΑΝΕΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟΥ ΚΡΗΤΗΣ, ΑΝΟΙΞΗ, 2011


ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΠΡΩΤΟ: ΓΑΣΤΕΝΤΕΡΙΚΟ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑ Gastrointestinal system


Περίπτωση 1 Γαστρικό καρίνωμα CASE 1 GASTRIC CANCER


CASE 1 GASTRIC CARCINOMA

A


CASE 1 GASTRIC CARCINOMA

B


CASE 1 GASTRIC CARCINOMA

C


Περίπτωση 2 Νόσος CROHN CASE 2 CROHN DISEASE


CASE 2 CROHN DISEASE

A


CASE 2 CROHN DISEASE

B


CASE 2 CROHN DISEASE

C


CASE 2 CROHN DISEASE

D


Περίπτωση 3 Ελκώδης κολίτιδα CASE 3 ULCERATIVE COLITIS


CASE 3 ULCERATIVE COLITIS

A


CASE 3 ULCERATIVE COLITIS

B


CASE 3 ULCERATIVE COLITIS

C


Περίπτωση 4 Αδένωμα παχέος εντέρου CASE 4 COLON ADENOMA


CASE 4 COLON ADENOMA

A


CASE 4 COLON ADENOMA

B


CASE 4 COLON ADENOMA

C


Περίπτωση 5 Καρκίνωμα παχέος εντέρου CASE 5 COLON CARCINOMA


CASE 5 COLON CARCINOMA

A


CASE 5 COLON CARCINOMA

B


CASE 5 COLON CARCINOMA

C


Περίπτωση 6 Kίρρωση CASE 6 CIRRHOSIS


CASE 6 CIRRHOSIS

A


CASE 6 CIRRHOSIS

B


CASE 6 CIRRHOSIS

C


Περίπτωση 7 Ηπατοκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα CASE 7 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA


CASE 7 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

A


CASE 7 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

B


CASE 7 HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA

C


Βιβλιογραφία: -Wingo PA et al.: Long-term trends in cancer in the United States, 1930-1988. Cancer 97:3133, 2003. -Sands BE: Inflammatory bowel disease: past, present, and future. Journal of Gastroenterology 42:16,2007. -Jean Marx, et al. BIOMEDICINE: Puzzling Out the Pains in the Gut Science 315, 33, 2007. -Su L et al.: Targeted epithelial tight junction dysfunction causes immune activation and contributes to development of experimental colitis. Gastroenterology 136:551, 2009. -Shen L et al.: Integrated genetic and epigenetic analysis identifies three different subclasses of colon cancer. PNAS 104:18654, 2007. -Hahn W, Weinberg R: Rules for making cancer cells. New England Journal of Medicine 347:1593, 2002. -Wood LD et al: The genomic landscapes of human breast and colorectal cancers Science, 318(5853):1108, 2007. -Schuppan D, Afdhal NH: Liver cirrhosis. Lancet 371:838, 2008. -Llovet JM et al.: Design and endpoints of clinical trials in hepatocellular carcinoma New England Journal of Medicine 359:378, 2008.


ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΔΕΥΤΕΡΟ: ΑΝΑΠΝΕΥΣΤΙΚΟ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑ Respiratory system


Περίπτωση 1 Ακανθοκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα του πνεύμονα CASE 1 LUNG SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA


CASE 1 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

A


CASE 1 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

B


CASE 1 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

C


Περίπτωση 2 Αδενοκαρκίνωμα του πνεύμονα CASE 2 Lung adenocarcinoma


CASE 2 Lung adenocarcinoma

A


CASE 2 Lung adenocarcinoma

B


CASE 2 Lung adenocarcinoma

C


Περίπτωση 3 Μικροκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα του πνεύμονα CASE 3 SMALL CELL CARCINOMA


CASE 3 SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

A


CASE 3 SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

B


CASE 3 SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

C


Περίπτωση 4 Μεσοθηλίωμα CASE 4 MESOTHELIOMA


CASE 4 MESOTHELIOMA

A


CASE 4 MESOTHELIOMA

Β


Βιβλιογραφία: -Jemal A et al.: Cancer statistics, 2008. CA Caner J Clin 58:71, 2008. -Hoffmann D. et al.:The biologic significance of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines: Smoking and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Critical Reviews in Toxicology 26:199, 1996. -el-Tokry M et al.: Significant changes in the distribution of histologic types of lung cancer.: a review of 4928 cases. Cancer 65:2361, 1990. -Pershagen G. et al.: Residential radon exposure and lung cancer in Sweden. New England Journal of Medicine 330:159, 1994. -Herbst RS et al.: Molecular origins of cancer: Lung Cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 359:1367, 2008. -Patel AM et al: Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer. Annual Reviews in Medicine 54:73, 2003. -Greillier L, Astoul P: Mesothelioma and asbestos-related pleural diseases. Respiration 76:1, 2008. -Rivera Z et al.: The relationship between simian virus 40 and mesothelioma. Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 14:316, 2008.


ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΤΡΙΤΟ: ΟΥΡΟΠΟΙΗΤΙΚΟΑΝΔΡΙΚΟ ΓΕΝΝΗΤΙΚΟ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑ Genitourinary system


Περίπτωση 1 Διαυγοκυτταρικό νεφροκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα CASE 1 RENAL CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA


CASE 1 RENAL CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA

Α


CASE 1 RENAL CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA

Β


CASE 1 RENAL CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA

C


CASE 1 RENAL CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA

C


Περίπτωση 2 Χαμηλής κακοηθείας ουροθηλιακό καρκίνωμα CASE 2 LOW GRADE TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA


CASE 2 Low grade transitional cell carcinoma

A


CASE 2 Low grade transitional cell carcinoma

B


CASE 2 Low grade transitional cell carcinoma

C


Περίπτωση 3 Υψηλής κακοηθείας ουροθηλιακό καρκίνωμα CASE 3 HIGH GRADE TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA


CASE 3 High grade transitional cell carcinoma

A


CASE 3 High grade transitional cell carcinoma

Β


CASE 3 High grade transitional cell carcinoma

C


Περίπτωση 4 Σεμίνωμα CASE 4 SEMINOMA


CASE 4 SEMINOMA

A


CASE 4 SEMINOMA

B


CASE 4 SEMINOMA

C


Περίπτωση 5 Ορχικό τεράτωμα CASE 5 TESTIS TERATOMA


CASE 5 TESTIS TERATOMA

A


CASE 5 TESTIS TERATOMA

B


CASE 5 TESTIS TERATOCARCINOMA

C


Περίπτωση 6 Χαμηλής κακοηθείας προστατικό καρκίνωμα CASE 6 LOW GRADE PROSTATE CARCINOMA


CASE 6 LOW GRADE PROSTATE CARCINOMA

A


CASE 6 LOW GRADE PROSTATE CARCINOMA

B


Περίπτωση 7 Υψηλής κακοηθείας προστατικό καρκίνωμα CASE 7 HIGH GRADE PROSTATE CARCINOMA


CASE 7 HIGH GRADE PROSTATE CARCINOMA

A


CASE 7 HIGH GRADE PROSTATE CARCINOMA

Β


CASE 7 HIGH GRADE PROSTATE CARCINOMA

C


Βιβλιογραφία: -Cohen HT, McGovern FJ.: Renal cell carcinoma. New England Journal of Medicine 353:2477, 2005. -Eble JN et al.: The World Health Organization classification of tumors of the urinary system and male genital system. Lyon, IARC Press, 2004. -Epstein JI et al.: The World Health Organization/International Society of Urotogical Pathology consencus classification of urothelial (transitional cell) neoplasms of the urinary bladder. Americal Journal of Surgical Pathology 22:1435, 1998. -Bosl GJ, Motzer RJ.: Testicular germ cell cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 337:242, 1997. -Nelson WG et al.: Prostate cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 349:366, 2003. -Kumar-Sinha C, et al: Recurrent gene fusions in prostate cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer 8:497, 2008.


ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΤΕΤΑΡΤΟ: ΓΥΝΑΙΚΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑ -ΜΑΣΤΟΣ Breast-gynecological system


Περίπτωση 1 Ενδομητρικό καρκίνωμα CASE 1 ENDOMETRIAL CARCINOMA


CASE 1 Endometrial Carcinoma

A


CASE 1 Endometrial Carcinoma

Β


Περίπτωση 2 Απλή ενδομητική υπερπλασία CASE 2 SIMPLE ENDOMETRIAL HYPERPLASIA


CASE 2 Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia

A


CASE 2 Simple Endometrial Hyperplasia

B


Περίπτωση 3 Σύνθετη ενδομητρική υπερπλασία CASE 3 COMPLEX ENDOMETRIAL HEPERPLASIA


CASE 2 Complex Endometrial Hyperplasia

A


CASE 2 Complex Endometrial Hyperplasia

B


CASE 2 Complex Endometrial Hyperplasia

D


Περίπτωση 4 Ορώδες κυσταδενοκαρκίνωμα της ωοθήκης CASE 4 SEROUS CYSTADENOCARCINOMA OF THE OVARI


CASE 4 Ovarian Serous Carcinoma

A


CASE 4 Ovarian Serous Carcinoma

Β


CASE 4 Ovarian Serous Carcinoma

C


Περίπτωση 5 Λειομύωμα μήτρας CASE 5 UTERINE LEIOMYOMA


CASE 5 Uterine Leiomyoma

A


CASE 5 Uterine Leiomyoma

Β


Περίπτωση 6 Ενδοεπιθηλιακή νεοπλασία του τραχήλου της μήτρας, χαμηλής κακοηθείας CASE 6 HIGH GRADE CIN


CASE 6 High Grade CIN

A


CASE 6 High Grade CIN

Β


Περίπτωση 7 Ινοκυστική νόσος του μαστού CASE 7 FIBROCYSTIC DISEASE OF THE BREAST


CASE 7 Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast

A


CASE 7 Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast

B


CASE 7 Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast

C


Περίπτωση 8 Θήλωμα του μαστού CASE 8 BREAST PAPILLOMA


CASE 8

Breast Papilloma

A


CASE 8

Breast Papilloma

Β


Περίπτωση 9 Πορογενές καρκίνωμα του μαστού CASE 9 DUCTAL BREAST CARCINOMA


CASE 9

Ductal Breast Carcinoma

A


CASE 9

Ductal Breast Carcinoma

C


CASE 9

Ductal Breast Carcinoma

D


Περίπτωση 10 Λοβιακό καρκίνωμα του μαστού CASE 10 LOBULAR BREAST CARCINOMA


CASE 10 Lobular Breast Carcinoma

A


CASE 10 Lobular Breast Carcinoma

B


CASE 10 Lobular Breast Carcinoma

C


Βιβλιογραφία: -Schiffman M et al.: Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Lancet, 370:890, 2007. -Cutts PT et al.: Human papillomavirus and HPV vaccines: a review. Bull World Health Organization 85:719, 2007. -Di Cristofano A, Elllenson LH: Endometrial carcinoma. Annual Review in Pathology 2:57, 2007. -Ligon AH, Morton CC: Leiomyomata: treatabllity and cytogenetic studies. Human Reproduction update 7:8, 2008. -Bell DA: Origins and molecular pathology of ovarian cancer. Modern Pathology, 18:S19, 2005. -Stingl J, Caldas C: Molecular heterogeneity of breast carcinomas and the cancer stem cell hypothesis. Nature Reviews Cancer 10:791, 2007. -Yager JD, Davidson NE: Estrogen carcinogenesis in breast cancer. New England Journal of Medicine 354:270, 2006. -Burstein HJ et al.: Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast. New England Journal of Medicine 350:1430, 2004.


ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΠΕΜΠΤΟ: ΛΕΜΦΙΚΟ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑ Lymphoid system


Περίπτωση 1 Λέμφωμα/λευχαιμία από μικρά Β-κύτταρα CASE 1 SMALL LYMPHOCYTIC LYMPHOMA/LEUKEMIA


CASE 1 SMALL LYMPOCYTIC LYMPHOMA/LEUKEMIA

A


CASE 1 SMALL LYMPOCYTIC LYMPHOMA/LEUKEMIA

C


Περίπτωση 2 Λεμφοζιδιακό (οζώδες) λέμφωμα CASE 2 FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA


CASE 2 FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA

A


CASE 2 FOLLICULAR LYMPHOMA

Β


Περίπτωση 3 Διάχυτο λέμφωμα από μεγάλα Β-κύτταρα CASE 3 DIFFUSE LARGLE B-CELL LYMPHOMA


CASE 3 DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMHOMA

B


Περίπτωση 4 Κλασσικό λέμφωμα HODGKIN CASE 4 CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA


CASE 4 CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

B


CASE 4 CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

Β


CASE 4 CLASSICAL HODGKIN LYMPHOMA

C


Βιβλιογραφία: -Mebius DP: Organogenesis of lymphoid tissues. Nature Reviews Immunology 3:292, 2003. -Harris NL. et al.: World Health Organization classification of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: Report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. Journal of Clinical Oncology 17:3835, 1999. -Tsimberidou AM, Keating MJ: Richter’s transformation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Seminars in Oncology 33:250, 2006. -Kuppers R.: Prognosis in follicular lymphoma- it’s in the microenviroment. New England Journal of Medicine 351:2152, 2004. -Re D et al.: Molecular pathogenesis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma . Journal of Clinical Oncology 237:6379, 2005.


ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΕΚΤΟ: ΔΕΡΜΑ-ΜΑΛΑΚΑ ΜΟΡΙΑ Skin-Soft tissue


Περίπτωση 1 Ακανθοκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα δέρματος CASE 1 SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA


CASE 1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A


CASE 1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma

B


CASE 1 Squamous Cell Carcinoma

C


Περίπτωση 2 Βασικοκυτταρικό καρκίνωμα CASE 2 BASAL CELL CARCINOMA


CASE 2 Basal Cell Carcinoma

A


CASE 2 Basal Cell Carcinoma

B


Περίπτωση 3 Μελανοκυτταρικός σπίλος CASE 3 MELANOCYTIC NEVUS


CASE 3 Melanocytic Nevus

A


CASE 3 Melanocytic Nevus

B


CASE 3 Melanocytic Nevus

C


Περίπτωση 4 Mελάνωμα CASE 4 MELANOMA


CASE 4 Melanoma

A


CASE 4 Melanoma

Β


Περίπτωση 5 Λειομυοσάρκωμα CASE 5 LEIOMYOSARCOMA


CASE 5 Leiomyosarcoma

A


CASE 5 Leiomyosarcoma

Β


Περίπτωση 6 Λειομύωμα CASE 6 LEIOMYOMA


CASE 6 Leiomyoma

A


CASE 6 Leiomyoma

B


Περίπτωση 7 Λιποσάρκωμα CASE 7 LIPOSARCOMA


CASE 7 Myxoid Liposarcoma

A


CASE 7 Myxoid Liposarcoma

Β


Περίπτωση 8 Σβάννωμα CASE 8 SCHWANNOMA


CASE 8 Schwannoma

A


CASE 8 Schwannoma

Β


Βιβλιογραφία: -Pollock PM et al.: High frequency of BRAF mutations in nevi. Nature Genetics 33:19, 2003. -Chib L: The genetics of malignant melanoma: lessons from mouse and man. Nature Reviews Cancer 3:559, 2003. -Rubin AI et al.: Basal-cell carcinoma. New England Journal of Medicine 353:2262, 2005. -Alam M, Ratner D: Cutaneous squamous-cell carcinoma. New England Journal of Medicine 344:975, 2001. -Mitelman F et al.: The impact of translocations and gene fusions on cancer causation. Nature Reviews Cancer 7:233, 2007. -Riggi N et al.: Sarcomas: genetics, signaling, and cellular origins.Part I: The fellowship of TET. Journal of Pathology 213:4, 2007.


ΕΡΓΑΣΤΗΡΙΟ ΕΒΔΟΜΟ: ΝΕΥΡΙΚΟ ΣΥΣΤΗΜΑΕΝΔΟΚΡΙΝΕΙΣ ΑΔΕΝΕΣ CNS- Endocrine system


Περίπτωση 1 Μηνιγγίωμα CASE 1 MENINGIOMA


CASE 1 Meningioma

A


CASE 1 Meningioma

Β


CASE 1 Meningioma

C


Περίπτωση 2 Χαμηλής κακοηθείας αστροκύττωμα CASE 2 LOW GRADE GLIOMA


CASE 2 Low Grade Glioma

A


CASE 2 Low Grade Glioma

Β


Περίπτωση 3 Υψηλής κακοηθείας αστροκύττωμα CASE 3 HIGH GRADE GLIOMA


CASE 2 High Grade Glioma

A


CASE 2 High Grade Glioma

Β


Περίπτωση 4 Βρογχοκήλη CASE 4 NODULAR GOITER


CASE 4 Nodular Goiter

A


CASE 4 Nodular Goiter

Β


Περίπτωση 5 Λεμφοκυτταρική θυροειδίτιδα CASE 5 LYMPHOCYTIC THYROIDITIS (HASHIMOTO)


CASE 5 Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

A


CASE 5 Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

Β


Περίπτωση 6 Θηλώδες καρκίνωμα θυρεοειδούς αδένα CASE 6 THYROID PAPILLARY CARCINOMA


CASE 6 Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma

A


CASE 6 Thyroid Papillary Cell Carcinoma

Β


Περίπτωση 7 Θυλακιώδες καρκίνωμα θυρεοειδούς αδένα CASE 7 THYROID FOLLICULAR CARCINOMA


CASE 7 Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma

A


CASE 7 Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma

B


CASE 7 Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma

C


Βιβλιογραφία: -The cancer genome atlas research network. Comprehensive genomic Characterization defines human glioblastoma genes and core pathways . Nature 455:1061, 2008. -Mellinghoff IK et al.: Molecular determinants of the response of glioblastomas to EGFR kinase inhibitors. New England Journal of Medicine 353:2012, 2005. -Singh SK et al.: Identification of a cancer stem cell in human brain tumors. Cancer Research 63:5821, 2003. -McLachlan SM et al.: The link between Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis: A role for regulatory T cells. Endocrinlogy 148:5724, 2007. -Kondo T et al.: Pathogenetic mechanisms in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia. Nature Reviews Cancer 6:292, 2006.


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