Koilia 1 by Stavros Papadakos

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fr\oq5

KEOAAAIO

Korun H xortr(o elvor ro rplpo rou roppou nou pp(oreror gero(u rou 06poro ror qg nudtrou .Io xotAnx1 diyog eivoL ro ouXvdrepo orj-

Unropo pe ro ono(o r<ovouv rrlv epqovrorl Touq T0 ouvq06orepo ooBopo voorlporo rqg roil[og. H oxrrrtr4xoe rdirr6o, dr]trodn I qtreypovrl 14g oxol,lroerdoug onoquoeorg, e(vor evo ono ro nro ouvl0top6vo voo1poro, nou odlyotlv rov oo0evq oro voooxope(o Kor d-

noreAil pio ono ug ouyvorcpeg aLrbg xoLALoxou tiiyouq. Eniolq onoreLe[ rr1 ouv106orepl oulo ene(you00q Xerp0upyrrrlg endpBoolq oT0 rurog qg roil(og norduirv ror eqlpov (Filler, 1989). tlo-

o opog npoo9nnAoyto roQulto, Xe[0, onorg n.X., o

eneLdrl pepLro ovoroprro ororpuq 6lto troloq xot deppolro veupo, evron((o-

vror rooo oro npooOro, ooo ror oro nl,dyro rotXrlgoro. 0r orrpodeg rou xortrroxorj rorltirporog. To rolLroro ro[Xo1ro onoreLeiror ond d6ppo, unoddpro Loro (enrnotr1g nepLrov(o roL tr[-

noq), ev ro Bo0er neprrov(0, pueq, eyxoporo nepuov(0, elolnepLrovoir<o tr(nog ror ro rorXtopolxo n6rotro rou neprrovolou.

potro ouro, otro ro opyovo qg roLtr(og unorervror oe oo06vereg r1 rpoupoloproug. Eov rdnoro roltr0 opyovo T0u yooTpevTtprxou ouorrlporog poye[, ro nepreXogevo rou droppeer orqv nepLrovoirrl

To np6o0to xotAtox6 roiy@trJs

rodoqro, onou nporotreI rrqv ovonru[q neprrovirr6o9,

dqtrodrl

tptreypovlg rou nepuovoiou, rou opoyovou upevo nou enevduel

roiltorl rorLoqro ror roi0nrer ro neprooorepo

opyovo Tou y0pploreror pero{u rou drotppoyorpevreprroU ouorrlporog. H roil(o U0T0q Kor rou ovo-r orog[ou rrlg nu6trou (ELr. 2-29). Io dnrppoypa onoreAe[ rr1v oporpq rqg xoLAtoxqq xoLAorrltog.'E6orpog q roilLorrl

To npoo0Lo roilroro roiXtrrlro enrorone[r0l Kor qJntroqoTor, K0-

qv el6rool qq roilioq

evdg ooOevoug.

Ordprero Xerpoup-

eneppooeov oTrlv roilfo, 11 ropq ylveror ouvrl0urg oro npdo0ro roil,roro ro(Xtrr1ro. Ie otrr1 oXeddv rqv Sxrooq rou, ro npdoOro

yrr<rirv

roilroro

ro[Xrr-rpro

onore],elror ond rpeLg pu1169 olBddeg,

[veg xoOe prog ono

oL pu1169

ono(eg nopeuovror npog drorpoperrr6g xoreu00voeLg. H drorolq rov rprdrv guirtirv orrpodrrlv e[vor ldro pe e-

rodoqro

dev 6Xe r, ro0drg ouv6Xer0r Ue Trlv roL),orqro rrlg nu6trou. H rottrLorl xoL),orr1ro errelveror npoq r0 ndvto p6oo orov 0orc0Xovdprvo 0oporrro rtrorpo, pelpr nep(nou ro urloq rou nepnrou npooOtou peoonl,eup[ou drootl;rorog (Err. 2-1 ), orov ro oropo pproKeTor oe unlo 0eor1. Iuventirg, p6pog rou 1norog, rou orogoXou

,ol-to rou ottpvou

ror rou onLrlvo npoororeuovrol ono rov 0oporLro rtrtrrpo.

To neprel6Fevo rnq xorAiog.

H rodfo nepr6Xer. 1) rrlv rueprovoixq xoAorqro,2) to 1pyova Tlu yooTpevTepxoA ouor7Kor ouyrerprprlvo qv ror6repq $o(po rou oroorpoyou, ro ordpoXo, ro evrepo pe rq orol,rlroerdrl onoquorl rou,3) ro rlnop xor ro ouoqgo rolv yotrlrpdpolv oyye (rrlv, 4) ro noyrpeog, 5) ro e-

!0r0q

=_tQo€tOtiC

onoQuan

nn€uptKoi xovApor

nLveqpidro, 6) roug veqpoug ror rrlv ov6repn Uoipo rou oupqrlpo roL 7) veupo, trepqoyyeio ror oL;roqopo oyyeio (n.X., rrlv ooprq ror

rqv xoro roilrl qtreBo).

AoVovto oKponaOio AoV0vtoC BoepoC

npoo0tct ovo

. novovtl oKoveo BouEovrKoC

To xorAtqK6 roix@pq

aiv6€oLroc

To roilroro rolXtrrpo errelveror ono rov ooreoXovdprvo Otrrportro rtroBo p6Xpr rqv nuetro (ELr. 2-1) ror e(voL l.rurrtbeg roro ro pe yotrUrepo rp4po rou.

rp{poro rou xolArqxoU rorldrporog.

Av Kor

trroro ro[Xopo elvor evro[0, yro flepryp0Qrroug troyouq unodlorpe(-

e[qg rpqgoro: 1) orc np6o0Lo xotLtoxo roiyupo,2) oto de{trl ror orc aprcrepo nAoyto xoLAtoxo toQupa (troyovreq 1drpeg) rot 3) orc onfu1n xotAtoxo rogulto.IuXvo Xpqorponore(ror T0r oT0

H6tKo

TO Kor-

Qutto

HEtKi auuAuon

Erxdvo 2-1. 0 oreLerog rrlq roLtriog Ue r0 0pr0 ror ro oorrro odrlyo o1pe[o rou npoo0rou roLtrroro0 roLXtirporog. llpooe(re 0Tr r0 uqrl],dTepo oqpero rrlg troyovroq orpotrotpiog BploreruL oro enfneDo rou 04 onov0utrou.

154

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

npooeroC

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Op1oC KornraKoq puC

Mnvo€6nC VpoLtpn O€on nsuKnC VpoLtLttiC

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auv6€ot tou

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Etxoua 2-2. llpoBolrl ruiv ovoroprrdlv oqv entqOvelo rou np6o0tou rortrroro0 roLXtirporoq eupotorou ltoptptrlpOrotv

ovdpo.

Kelvn Tov UUov Tov Ueoontreup[ov droor1pdrov (ptrene Err. 1-19

ror 1 -23).

To 6pro rou npooOfou xoltrloxof rolytilporog

(Err.

2-1 eorq 2-3). To npoo0ro rorLroxtj rolXtrllro otpopi(eror nplg ro novu ono ro de(rd Kor r0 oproTepo ntreuprro ro[0, npog ro raru ono g(o ypopp1 nou ouvdeer rrg npoo0reg ovrrr troyovreq dxovOeg pe qv 4Brr4 o[grpuor1, Kor or0 nAayn ond duo rorox6puqeg ypolLp6g nou drdpXovroL ono rrg npdo0reg ovrrl troyovLeg orovOeq.

flpoBoArl rou npoo9fou xotAroxoi rorytiporog ornv efitqdverc 0 oprpotrrig onorel,e( ro nro eprpoveg yvdrpLogo rou npooOrou roil,roro0 rorXtirporog orouq reprooor6poug ov0pdrnoug. H nru-

Xor4 ourrl ouLrp ovrrnpoooneuer rr1 0dor1 npoorpuorlg nu oprpoAtou Atitpou roro r4v e pppurrfl (0r1, o ono(oq nepre(Xe oyyero nou npoorlyoyov o{uyovopevo o(po oro e;rppuo ror onopoxpuvov r0 0noluyovtr:gevo o[po ono ouro (Moore, 1988). H 0604 rou oUrpotrou norrl],er oqpovlxo oro noXuoopro oropo, ror e[oprorot ond ro eov Bplorovror oe unrro I opOto oroo1. EntnL6ov, o olupotrog re[ver vo pploxeror oe Xoprltroreprl 06or; oro

nordro ror oro rlLrxtro;ulvo oropo. Zta aropo nou Bploxovrot oe KoAr7 rpuott<q xoruoroor1, o ogtpotrdg evron[(eror oro enlnedo Tou Ue-

ooonovdul(ou d(orou nou nopeppotrtreroL ;rerolu rou 03 Kor Tou 04 onovdutrou (Err. 2-1 ror 3-4A). H evrdnrorl ourq pp(oreror oro peoo nep(nou rrlg ondoroolg pero[rj rrlq [upoerdoug onorpuorlq

rot qq lprrrlq ouprpuoqq. H ypoUUn nou evtlver rqv lrqoerdr1 ondquon Ue rrlv rlptrrl ouprpuo4 delXver 14 0601 r11q treuxiq ypoUUtiq,

H KOIAIA

155

Mnvo€tAnC VpolJpn

npoo?to ova no|ovto aKoveo

oton

O€on PouPavrKnC

PouPovrKou

nruxic

ouv6taLtou

Oton nBtKnC oiLrOuonc

O€on nPrKou Q0LrotoC

Erxtivo 2-3. tlpoo0ro r<ottrtorr1 rolXrr-rpo yuvolroq qtrrr(oq 27 ertlv nou 0e[Xver

rq 0601 rov

enrno],r1q oOrlyriv olpreltov

rrlg ELr. 2-1.

Ur0q treuKlq rvd)d0uq rorv[oq, n ono[0 ropeueror K0T0 UrlKoq Uq npooeroq U6onq ypogUnq Tou o6p0Toq (Ex. 2-2 rot 2-7),drorprirvroq r0 npoo0ro r<ortrrorrj ro(Xrrrgo oe de[ro ror oprorepo nUrU6pro. H 0eo1 qg treurqg ypoUUnq unodltrdrveror ono p(o roroxripurprl

ypoUUnq (Err. 2-1 ror 2-3).

depportxrl o[],oro orrlv npoo0ro peorl ypolrprl xor e(vor eurprvtirg oporr; oro putrrdl orogo (Err. 2-2). H p4voer6{g ypopUti e(vor prlo rognftrrl ypogpn 11 outroro, ror

no0err10e( o doxrutrog oe ondoroorl 2,5 ex. npog ro 6[trl

gepLrd drogo, o trLndrdqg rorog nou

xotrunrer our1 rr1 dLop0po-oprprdpOptrloq xoOroro duorotrq Tnv SnIoqnorl rqq, otrtro ro ovo Xeftoq rrlg evroni(eror ouv1Oorq pe euxotr[o. H 4px4 axpoAoEio (Err. 2-1 ) pnoper v0 qrntroqneet 6rov ro-

qq IBrrulq ouprpuolg. H qprrrl oxpotrorplo rorotrlyer oe evo oqpovlrd ono rtrrvLrrlg onoQeorg odr;yd orlpe(0, ro 4prxri rprjpo. Iro

erre(veror ono rov 6voro ntreuprro Xovdpo priXpr ro qprrd qupo (Err. 2-1 eog 2-3). H VpoUUn ouq unodltrrirverro 6ltrr Xeftog rou op0ou ror),rorou puoq, ro ono(o pploreror oe ondorooq 5-B er. o-

qBrro QUUo, ro onolo onoretre( epqov4 unoorpoyyutrl npooexpotrfl rou otirl-rorog rou qBLrou ooroU, xorotpueror o poupovrr6g

n6 rr1 peorlypoppn (Err.2-6). 0r duo pqvoerdeig ypo;rpdg e(vor rdLo[repo epqovefg oe oropo nou eXouv ro],0 ovenruy;-r6voug rortrroroug pueq (Err. 2-2). Zt reroLo dropo eivor enfo1g epqove(g

ror nloo ono rrlv npooOro dvro troydvLo oxovOo (Err. 2-1 ror 2-3), eivor e uro),o qrnloqnTn oe dtro ro prlrog qq. Io Aoylvto puga pnopei

rpeLq 1 neprooorepeg eyroporeg outroreq oro ddp;ro nou rotrunret

rtg revrivleg eyyporprig rov opOtirv roilrordrv ;rudrv (Err. 2-2 v,ot26). H 0eo1 rou Boupovrrou ouvd6opou unodrltrdveror ono rrl poupuvtx1 o1Aoxa (Err. 2-3). H outroro ourrl onoretre( ro dpro pe-

rolf

rou npooOtou rortrror<ori roLXrirporog Kor Tou pr1po0. Ap6ooq novo ono rq Bouprovtrrl outroxo e[voL opor1 pto nruXl rou d6pporcg, rl BouBuvrc7 nruy1 (Erx. 2-3 roL 2-46). 0 BouBuvLx1g oAvdeogog e(vor qrntroQnToq oe dtro ro prlrog rou. pfo

H qptxti orilrrpuo4 pnope[ vo ytver oroOqr1 trlg ovdvdorrl ortr1oqv npoo0ro U6on ypoUUn Kor oT0 roro drpo qg treur1g

ouvdeopog (Err. 2-1 ror 2-3). H truyrivro oxpotrogfo, q onolo exrelve-

rlltroqles( 6 nep[nou ex. n[oor ono rrlv npoo0ro dvtrl troyovro orov0o (ELr. 2-1 plene en[oqg ELr. 5-2). To unoorepvLxl Bo1pio avattvo opo06q rofiopo rou enLyoorplou, op6orrlg rortrl ono r4v lrqoerdrl v0

onotpuol (Err. 2-5A). Auro ro ro[trropo elvor rdrolrepo epqov6g, orov ro orogo pp(oreroL oe unlo 06oq, enerdrl ro ontrdyXvo ontrtlvovror 6trrovrog ro npooOro roilror6 rorXtrrpo rou enryoorpiou npog ro n(oo.

enlneio Kot ot Xdpeg r4g xorAlog I-ro neprypotpLxoug troyouq,

xortr(o drorpe[ror onci r6ooepo en[-

nedo (duo opL(ovrLo ror 6r.ro opetrroio) oe ewto Xdpeq, or ono(eg o-

156

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

M € ooKn € 6 t K€ c

vpo LtLlic

YNE

AOE

Etr6vo 2-4. To ouvrl0oq Xprlotponoroupevo opL(ovrLo rot oBeiLoto enine0o (epu0po Xputto) xoL ro odqyo or1;.rero rrlg K0rIi0q. A. To snineDo nou Tl bLoipeorl rrlg r<od,iog os evvdo ltirpeg, or onoleg oneLrovi(ovror orqv Etr. 2-5A. To oBetrLoio enLne6o dLepXovror ono rtg peoor)'etdtreg YpoUUeq, ot onoleg elvot rororopuqeq VpoUUsq nou dLtlpXovroL ono ro p6oo rov r],eLdtiv. To opt(ovrLo eninebo e[vor: ro unonleupto enlneOo (Yl-lE), to 0no[0 sv6vet ro rottltoro olpeio rov ntreuprrtirv rolov roL dulpXeror dropr6oou rou 03 onov6ri],ou r<or ro 6totpuporto enlnedo (A0E), nou evtirvet ro I0Y0vt0 rpuporo rol 6LdpXerot dLoptloou rou 05 onovbulou. B. Auo otrtro ouvrl0org Xp4orponotoulrevo opr(r1vrto eninebo elvol ro dtonutrutptxo (AllE) rot ro dropqotrLxo en(nedo (AOE). H: r1nop, I: oropoXog, ll: nutrtrlpoq, ror A: dodero6orrutro. Xprlotponotouvrot Yto

qq xoilfog Xp4orponorouvror

netrovl(ovrol orrlv ex6vo 2-5A. Aur6g or ltopeq polOorlv K0T0 Tr]v rtrrvrrrl npo[q, oTlv nsprypoQq rrlg ewonrolq otryouq, dtdyroror;q r1

n[nedo:

ToUnq, n oTnv reprypoqrl

qq Oeor1g ronorou ontroyXvou (n.X., rou doderodorrutrou, Elx. 2-48). Ano ro drorpopo opr(ovno en[nedo nou 6Xouv nepryporpel, ro unontreupro ror ro drorpupolo eninedo ervor

To dronutroplxd eninedo (Al-lE) eivoL opr(ovlo en(ne6o nou 6t6pXeror ond ro pdoov rrlg onoordoeorg gerolu rrlg orpoyrrrdrrflg evrogrlg rou or6pvou (Btrdne Err. 1-6 roL 1-7) ror rrlg qBLrrlg ou;r-

ouro nou XprloLponoro0vror nepLoodrepo (ELr. 2-44). To unontreUpro eninedo (YllE) e rvoL opr(ovrro ror evtirver ro ro-

quo1g (Err. 2-3 rot 2-48). llpdr<erToryro T0 oqpavrLx1repo en[nedo rqq roAfuq enerdrl notrtrd evdororLroro ontroXvo oXer((ovror pe ouro (n.X. o oropoXog rol ro doideroborrutro). Iroug neprooorepoug ov0p6noug ouro ro enineDo evronf(eror oro geoo nepinou

rdrroro orlpelo rov nleuprr6v rolov (Err. 2-4A), ro ono(o ovlnpootrlneuovror ond ro roro Xeitrr1 rtrlv derororv ntreuptrdrv X6vdpov (Erx. 2-1). Auro ro en[neDo ouvrl0trrg dr6pXerorond ro ovrirrepo rprlpo rou otirl-rorog rou 03 onovdutrou. To drorpupfrro eninedo (A0E) drepXeror ono

AoyovLo p1po-

ro rulv troyov[ov orpo],otpuirv (Err. 2-4A). Auro ro en(nedo ouvrl0orq 6rdpXeror Dtopdoou

rou odr;lorog rou 05 onovdul,ou.

To opelroiu eninedo dLepXovroL ono

gig

peooxAet1xeg ypolJ-

(Eu<. 2-4A). Ko0e geoortrerdrrq ypopUl erre(verol npoq r0 rotto onrj rq peoor4ro rrlq rtre(doq Udxpr ro peooBouBuvLx1 or7pe[0. Auto ro oqpe(o pp(oreror oro p6oov rnq ypoUUlq nou evtir-

vet Tnv nprio0ro ovtrr troydvro orovOo pe

2-3)

qprrrl ouptpuorl (Erx.

l-ro rrlv neprypoQn

duo orogq e-

onoorooeoq gero[u 14g orepvo[upoerdoug opOporoqg K0r Tou ogrpotrou (Err. 2-1). To dLonul,trrprr<o en[nedo 6rdpXeror ono ro rd-

ro Xeilog rou 01

onovdrjtrou, ror onoq drltrdrver ror ro ovopo rou,

Iepyerut ano rov nuAupo, ro olgelo erpotrrlg rou oropoXou oro dorbexodorrutro (Err. 2-48). To en(nedo ouro dLepXeror en(o1g ono ro npdoOro rplgoro rov evorov ntreuplrulv XovDprrlv, Trl vnoTr-

dodtoderodoxrutrrrrl ou;rpotrr1, rov ouXdvo rou noyrpeoroq Kor

Trq

nutreg rorv veqptirv (ELr. 2-46).

To droprpotrrxd eninedo (A0E), 6noq dltrrrlver ro ovopo rou, rov oUrpotro (Err. 2-4B). Iro orogo pe oprero roXupo npoo0to roLtrroro rolXtrrgo, ouro ro enrnedo ppioreror oro ur.f oq brdpXeroL ono

H KOIAIA

157

rou Ueooonovdutr(ou d(orou nou nopeppotrtreror gerolu rou 03 ror

vor onopolr4rrl n yvolon rolv Oroqopolv neproXurv rnq Kor-

rou 04 onovdul,ou.

|ioq1,,tr:ore vo,,xo;qyp (q qvrolt iq orop,i@ rb u,.oo,9 e,Uo usr

reroprrlp6pro rrlg xorAiog

(Err. 2-58). lro nporlxoug

roil,fo oe reooepo reroprrlp6pro, oro 6e86 KotoT0 opL0Tep6 ovu r€TopTnlJopto KoL oTe troyouq, or rLrvrroI ouvrl0rrrg drorpouv

avr[orotyo xaru reropqp6pto. ftt rq dLo[peo1 ouTq, XpnorUonoto[v ro pSoo en(nedo rol ro 6roptpotrrro enfnedo. To reroprqpdpt0 XprlorUonorouvror orrlv nepryporpfl rrlg evronrolg otryouq I oyxou. lro nopodery;r0, ro otryoq orrlv o[e[o orortrqxoerd(rrdo opXLro evron((eror ornv nepr0UQotrrr<r1 Xrirpo, evtir opyorepo eyro0[ororor oTo 6e[ro rorto reroprqpopro.

,,,:,

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vnnro xor oro:1i!rpq:,n01-d,jq,.r<o€riq,o,nenl!(ris:s{,i}rrl_vqs rgus

,,.r,,ng,n!61a olphvju<b(;.11oodoie,q.

roiloqra

l'oep,gj,,|pnliqyl rf

rorlrgr<n

rtrlv nordrrirv ouvel((er vo dreupuveror xor or roilro-

xor Uueq Touq v0 roXuponororiwor. Eniorlq ro 4nop rov norduiv eivot oXelxo peyotro. yeyovdq nou ouvretrel onlv npoBoI4 qq xortrLoq. Koro q 0topreLo qq ruqo4g, I npopotrn rnq rortrroq orpeitreror oqv nopouoio rou epppuou. H rortrio dreupuveror eniorlq

,,,,1,::1;g.6y1e

r<or

mo duo rputro Uero

xuptorepeg 0nlgslpe!.,e,.FgXnq,ing

evonoOeorl iinoug

(olliqg 00Ii(qu.V',arly

oyyhtrrl ytroooo ge "f" (fetus, fat, feces, lluid, flatus - dqlodn nopouo[o epppriou, trrnoug, ronpovrrrv, uypou, oep(tov).

Iro

11-

Etxtivo 2-5. 0t duo nto ouXvo Xplotltonoro0peveg pd0odoL dro(peo1g rqg r<odiog yro ilsprypoQrKoug troyoug. A. Iro rov roOoproprd qq orprporlq evrontoqg ronotou euprlporog, 1 rod,io dtorpelror pe ro unonl,orro enlnedo, ro Ororpuporto en(nedo ror lg geoor],erdtreg ypoppeq, 0r rvvro Xtlpeg (Btrene entorlg ELr. 2-4) 0t 6pot nou Xpqotponotouvrnr yro v0 r<o0oploouv rrq Tpsrq xevrp1169 neproX6g efvor enryoorpto, oprpo],rrf1 r'1 neptolttpotrLrl Xdtpo rot lBtrl ydtpo 11 unoyoorpLo, To ovorepo rplpo Tou entyoorplou, opr6otr.rg rorol ono rrlv [upoeL0rq onoquol, Xoporqpi(eror ouXvo tLlg entyoorplro Boopto. To K0Tortpo TUnU0 rllq lBrr<1g Xdrpog, opeotrrg novo ono ro erplBoro ouXvo ovoqeperor oq uneprlBrrrl X6po. 0r ntroyteg Xtirpeg efvot, AY: optoreprl unoXovdpLo, AY: 0e[ro unoXovdpLo, A0; oprorepq n],oyto rod.rorrt (oorputrrt), A0: Oe[ro ntroyLo xor],Lorrq (ooquirl), AB: delLo Bouptovtrrl rot AB: optorepl BouBovu<t1 Xtirpo. Mep1169 neproXeq ovoq6povror pre duo rponoug, n.X., enryoorpLo Xtirpo r1 enryoorpto roL unoXdvdpro Xritpo r1 unoXovbpro. B. [Lo rov odpo ro0opLopo qg evronLolg ronorou euprlprorog 11 ro0,[o brorpelrot oe r6ooepo re-

roprqpopto (6e[Lo ovro, delto roro, oprorepo ovor ror oprorepo roror). H rororopurpl ypoplul Bpiorerol oro pdoo enlnedo, ev6 btoptpotrLxo en[ne6o.

opr(ovno oro

158

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

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noEoc UUC

no&C

LtuC

r;i

1f,., i.:,.'

Ttvovuo syVpoQn

npoo0ro av0 noVovto oKov0o

Anav€0paan €€o no€oi LtuoC En

non h C n€ pJ onelttv n fl oyo.

vro

lptnpto

YLt€v66€C

Kot On€Bo

EnrnonnC €nrVooTpro optnpro Kor Qn€Bo 'E€0

M€aoat'nEC

o6atiKn oputpio Kot

nirono

€ntnoniC nspttovioC lvEC

u BavrKa v € i tJo tn;pLt0uKoc tovoc

AoVovogo

enfpo

M€iaav ooQnvnc Qn€Ba

Etxtivo 2-6. EnLno),4q ovoroprl rou npoo0tontroyLou t<ot)'torou rotXtirgorog. To npoo0Lo n6rolo rrlg 0r1rr1g rou op0ou roLLroroI puog eXer ovo6rnLo0et npoq ro optorepo yto vo tpovouv ro npoo0to DepporLro veupo (07 eoq 012) nou drorLrpolvouv rov op0o xor],to16 UU KOr Tl 0r111 rou. trtucop6vo oropo, 4 orovio rov roilLordlv gudrv ouppotrtreL enionq oTnv nponroloq rrlq rod[og. 0r rod,rorol oyror ror 11 oOpoLoq uyporl

orqv nepuovoirq xoLtroqro (aoxit4g) npora-

trouv enioqg droroorl

roLtriog. Ko0org 11 roilio dreupuveror, roilroro[ pueg trenljvovroL, ro deppo ou{overor, evtil ro vedpo ror ro orpotpopo oyyero enrplr[vovror. IuXvo oro d6ppo rqg xortrfog rov eyr[tov yuvotrdrv

ot npoo0ror

on00n Tov

;.rurrlv

rou oo0evof g. llpore rp6vou vo e(vor xo-

ro rorXtrlporo rrlg rortriog, or oo0eveig ronoOerouwor oe unno 05oq ;re roug pqpoug oe 06011 ;uor1q roprprlq, pe evo po{rtropr roro ono ro yovoro. Eov 11 e{eroor; dev yiveL pe rov rpono ouro,4 ev rur Bo0er nepuov[o rorv prlptirv rlltropo

rto poOer n6rotro rrlg enLnotrqg nepuoviog xortr(og ror refveL ro roilroxtj roiXogo. Ker T0 ev

epqovl(ovror enLpr;rerg ypopprrloerg, nou ovopo(ovror poB66oeq r4q xuqoeuq.0L poBddroerg our6g perorpdnovror orodroro oe trenr6g treureg outrrrrderq ypopUeq, nou trdyovror ieureg ypoptttitouq I deppoureg popdrrtoerq. 0t po-

H nepnovfo rou npoo|fou xorArsxot rotytlttrtorog

pdtooerg eprpovi(ovrot Kor oTo 66ppo noXuooprov ovdpdrv 11 yuvorxtirv. Koro qv eleroq rrlg xortriog, ro X6pro rou ro-

H nepuov[o (tvr,tdqq rorog) nou Bp[oreror rorot ono ro drlppo rou npooOrou ror),roxou rorXtrtporog onore),elror ono ro enrnotrlg

rpou 0o npeneL vo e(vor Oeppo, trlors vo onorpeuyeror 4 ou-

Kor To

rv ro

po0eL nero),0.

H KOIAIA

,b :-

.,: eqlr ' *-$i'

npooetoC oAowot)C lruC

€M4j.l

M€ilov

F'ffi'." npoo0ro toixDpo 0nKnC opeo0 KotnnKoi Ltuoc

-:hr-

159

0apoKtKoC LtuC

OpeoC KornnKoq LtuC

7oC nn€uptKoC

tti# $,{"'16;

xov6poC

Avo tntyootpto optnpio

'c'oiF

onio1ro roixoLto enKnC oo0oi KornroKoi Ltuoc

EVKopotoC KotnnK'C puC

'E€d no€oc t-tuc (x€inn rcpnC)

np6oeror Kno60r nnowov 6€pLrortKov v€ipov

'Eoa no€oc KotntoKoC LruC

A€uKn VpolJUn

'Eaa no€oc uuc

npoo)to ova noVo-

vro oKovqo

Tolo€tOhC VpolJpn

Kotas entvoototo oprn oio A

oyovoA

oyd otpt o

Acty ovo p o u pevr

i po Oo9oc KolnnKoc uuc

v€ 0 po

ZoQnvtC ovorVLto

n€pgnhLnro anEpLtotrKoA rcvou

M€i10v ooQnvic QnEpo

ro Bo0et ovoroprl rou npoo8tonLoytou roltrtoro0 rotltilporog. To peyotrurepo pdpoq rou e(ul tro[00 puog dXer orpoLpe0e[. Irq dentreupo rou otilporog 6Xet oqotpeOe( o op0og rod,Lorog pug, ev6 orrlv nprorepl n),eupo 6Xer dLoropet. l'1pooe[re r4v ovooropoorl qg ovrrt Ito pe qv roro enlyoorpto oprrlpro, drop6oou qq onofog ouvD6ovror 6ppeoo or opTnprsq Tov ovo pe rrg opqp(eg rrrlv rortrl orpov. Etxtivo 2-7. Ev

H enrnotr{g neprrovio (Err. 2-6). ;reyotrrirepq drrorou rorXtirlroToq, rl enLnotrrlg nepuov[o onore],elror ono evo n6rotro, ro ono[o neprdXer norr(tr1 nooorrlro trlnoug. Ie peprxd oropo ouro ro trfnog 6Xer noXog oprertlv exorooroprerpov. H enrnotr1g neptrovio opeoog novo ono ro pouprovrxo ouvdeopo gnope( vo 6roXtopro0e[ oe duo n6rotro: 1) ro irruardeg enLnoL4g neroio (neprrov[o rou Camper) nou nepr6Xer norri],1 noooqro tr(rrouq Kor 2) ro upevridtq ev ru Bo1et n1roAo (nepuov(o rou Scarpa) nou nepreXet rvtldq Lord ror etrdXroro llnog. To enrno-

trfl9 oyyeio ror veUpo nopeUovror gero[f ourulv rtrlv 600 nerotrtriv

rortr(oq.

or1

enrnotrqg neprroviog. To trLntrrdeq enrnotrrlg n6rotro ouv6Xernv enrnotr4g nepuov(o rou pqpou, ev6 ro upevdtdeg ev rto po0er n6rotro ouv6Xeror Ue Tnv ev ror poOer neprrov[o rou plporl,

T0r Ue

nou ovopd(erot nAarefu neprov[o (ptr. Err. 5-32). To ugevdrdeg ev ror BdOeL nerol,o ouveXeror enioqq pe rqv enrnotrrlg nepuov(o rou neprv6ou (nepuov(o rou Colles), xoOtlg ror pe ere(v4 nou enevduer ro doXeo, ro n6og ror ro geyotro Xeitrq rou ordo[ou (Erx. 2-18, BI. en[o1g Keq. 3). To ugevrrrdeq ev ro poOer n6rolo qq enrnotrrlg nepLrov(og ouv6Xeror Ue rnv sv ro pdOer neprrov[o qg

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

160

B60er neprrovio.

EtroXroro pnopouv vo treX0ouv

KrlS

e[tonepuovoiro trinog ro/rl en[ntrouv (nruXrl Tou neprrovolou). '0rov 4 rqtr1 evronr(eror oro enryoorpLo (Err. 2-5A)

errefveror novol ono roug enrnotrflg Uueq rrlq xoLtr(og, ono roug onoloug dev efvol eurotro vo 6roXr'.tproOe[.

rfi4. Aurog o rfnog rqtr4g 6XeL rrlv roorl vo ouppoiver gero ro 400 erog rqg 4trrriog rot oXeri(eror ouXvo pe noXuoopxlo. tr6yeroL enLyoorpu<q

0r Xerpoupyoi XprloLponororiv ro ugevtideg ev ro poOet n6rotro rqq enrnotrrlg neprroviog yro Trlv ronoOdrrlo4

pogporov roro porv

6ropxero o0yKtreronq Xerpoupyrrtlv rorou 06pporog rqg roilfog. Merol0 Tou rv ro 0o0er ne-

rotrou rrlg enrnotrflg nepuoviog Kor rrlq ev

poOer nept-

rov(og rrlg rotl[og unopXeL Svog 0uvqlroq X6poq, 0T0v 0no(o pnopel vo oOporo0e[ uypo. I-to nopoderypo, pnope(

peoo ono prlypo Tnq upevodouq ouprlOpog vo Drotpuyouv oupo (6rXuoq ouprov) npoq T0 Xrirpo ourd Kor v0 err6KT0Oo[v npog ro

oro npoo0ro roil,roro ro(1rrr1-ro, perolu rou ugevtirOoug ev ror po0er nerotrou qg enrnotrqq ndvto pr6oo

neprrovlog Kor Trlq ev rtrl poOer nepuov(og.

ypopprlq (Err. 2-7). Aureg or rrltreg treyovrot peoeg xryALop6oou ourtlv ro.lv eudvdorov oqgeitrrv npopotrtreL

ieg.

Tlv ev ror po0er nepuovio rou npooOrou roilrorou rorXtlporog, errog ono ro orr elvor 5vo notru trenro otrtro roXupo n6rotro, nou

yro

6{o Io[69 pug

(Err. 2-2 ror2-6 eorg 2-9). Eivot o peyotru-

Tepoq Kot o neprooorepo enLnotrlg ono roug rperg nLorefg rod,ro-

rouq pueq. Evronl(eror oro npoo0rontroyLo rpqpo rou ror],lor<ou rorXrirporog. H gutiOlg ;rolpo rou onoretre[ ro npooOlontroyro rprlpo rou evo 11 onoveApuorl rou (evo nero),0 ono revovrteg rveg) oXqpori(er ro npoo0Lo rpqpo rou. 0l lveq rou nopeuovror ttpog T0 epnpoq, roror rot eoor, onog orov efvor oe eKToorl ro dorrutro rov Xeprutv p6oo ortg roeneg rou novre),ovrou. 0r npoorp0oeLg, q veuprr-ror1 ror

5[o tro[ou Uuoq ovoqepovrot orov llfvoro lveg rou puog ourou onorrrloouv roreu0uvorl UUrKeq npog r0 eool, peron(nrouv oTrlv onove upoorl rou, 1 ono[o xororpue oL

r0preg evepyeLeg rou

2-1. Motrrg 0r

pieg rou rrp6oercu xorAtoxoi rotyritrtorog

To npoo0Lo rorLroro rolXopo elvor roro ro peyotrurepo p6pog rou putibeg ror exre[veror onci rov Ooporrro rtrorpo pdXpL ro ooro

ror oq .leurf ypoU1n.llpog ro roro ovobrntrtlveror Kor oXqpori(er ro BouBuvLro oivdeopo perolu qq npooOrog ovo troyovrog orov0og ror rou lprrou quporog. llpog ro eoot rou qBrxou rp0poroq 1 o-

r1g nuetrou (Err. 2-1 ror 2-6 eotg 2-B). YnopXouv reooepo znpovTL-

novefpoor1 rou e[o troiou lLuog npooqrieroL onlu 4Btxr1 axpoAorpio. Mep1169 lveg rou pouprrrvrxou ouv6eopou drooXf(ouv rr1 treurq

xa QAy4 putiv oto npoo0ro roilroro rolXrolro: ryeLq n).areiq pueq (o e[o Io[og o rloro tro[oq ror o eyroporog rod,rorog pug) r<or dvog roLvneLdrlq pug (o opOog rodrorog). 0 ouvduoolLog purirv xol ono-

ypoUpn, npootpuovror oqv 1prr1 or<potrorpro rrlg ovr[0err1g ntre upog rou orirporog roL oXrlgori(ouv tlv ovelTpoltlttvo BouBuvLxo o1vdeopo (Err. 2-9). To 6oo rplpo rou poupovLro0 ouvbeopou ovoro-

veuporoeorv (onontroruopevov revovrov) oro npoo0ro

pnreL opr(ovrLo npoq r0 n(oo ror npooq0eror orqv rrevtofo orpo],0-

roilroro ro[-

orlpovlq npooroofo oro rodroro ontroyxvo, 16rorrdpog orov or p0eg pp(orovror oe rotrrl quoLrq roroorool. 0L nLo-

tpio og

retg pueq brooroupdrvovroL pero[u T0uq U0 reroro rpono, dtore vo roXuponorouv ro rorLLoxo rorlrrtlro r<or vo eiorrtilvouv Tov r[vbuvo nponrtrloqg ontroyXvou (rninq) pero[u rtrrv purrdtv deopldov.

Xer gro on1

xrrrp0 npooqepeL

Iro

80%

rov ov0ponov

unopXer 6vog orepoupevog

orllroo(og prxpdq, rpryrrlvrrou oXrlporog rotLturog UUq n0u tr6yerot nupogoeLdrlg UUq Kor evron[(eror pnpooro ono ro xottirepo rprlpo rou op0ou roilroxoI puoq. 0 nupopoeLbrlq pug reiver 14 treurr1 ypoUgq.

Iro npoo0ro roilrord rolXogo pnopei vo nopouoroo0oriv ouyyeveig x{treq. 0r neprooorepeg ono ourdg oulrpo[vouv orqv oprpotrrr4 ror orq poupovLrfl Xrrtpo" 0t poupu-

Bo0probq o1vdeopog (rou Gimbernat) (Err. 2-1 ror 2-16 B).

Apdorrlg novor ono Tnv e0o pofpo rou poupovrrou ouvdeopou unop-

rrlg onoveupoolq, nou trdyeroL enmoArlg BouBuvtxog doxruAtoq. Aurog o oqpovrrrog ono rtrLvrrrlg onoqqg dorruLLoq neptypoqeror Uo(r Ue q BouBtrlvLrrl Xdrpo.

0 6oo Io[69 pug (Err. 2-7 tag 2-11). E(voro bropeoog ono roug rpe rg ntrorelg rortrLoro0g Uuq. 0r npoorpuoeLg, rl vsupoorl xor oL r0preg evepyereg rou ne pryporpovTor oTOV l-lrvoro 2-1. 0r purreg rveg rou eoo tro[ou;ruog nopeuovror np0q r0 ovo ror epnpog oXrlpol(ovrog op0rl

yrrtvLo pe rLg (veg

rou e{o tro[ou puoq.0rpurrdg Lveg peronfnrouv enlor1g oe onoveupotorl, 11 ono[o Xropt(eror oe duo ndrotro npoKerUevou vo oXqporloeL dtrurpo yro rov op0o ror),roxo pu (Eu<. 2-Bt). 0r rorotrepeg iveg rqq onoveuporoqg oX1pori(ouv ro[o novtrt ono ro onepp0TtKl T0v0 nou pprorerol peoo

Aureg or xqtreq eivoL ouv4Otog prrpeq (1-5 cm) xor ouyyeveiq (nopouoeg xoro rq yevvqoq). Otpe[Aovru ot oreLr1

oro pouBrovrxo nopo. Irq ouveXelo KoTepxovTor nfoo ono Tov rnr\oxrAAn yro vo xorotrrl(ouv orrlv rlgrr1 xor oqv rrevro[o or<potrorp[o (ELr. 2-l ,2-7 xst 2-9). 0r ror6roreg rvrq TOU revovro rou eoo troiou puog evtirvovror pe iveg rqq onoveuporo1g rou eyroporou rortrrorou Uuoq, yro vo oXqporfoouu to BouBuvLxo

o1yrAerc1 rou npoo1Lou xoLALot<oA roLytitporoq, gerd rqv nep(deo4 rou olupdtrLou trtrlpou roro rov roxero. H nponrto-

dpenavo (rorvo rororpurrro revovro), ro onoio oTprQrTor npoq r0 xoror yro vo rorotrrl[eL oqv 1BLrr1 orpotrorpfo Kor oTlv rrevrolo

voxnAeq 0o ou(r1q0ouv opyorepo.

oprpaAoxrlAtq e[vot

ouv49eq oe trrnopopr; ror poupo Bpeqn (Behrman, 1992).

or1

yiveror dLop6oou rou eu6v6orou oqgeiou nou nporunrer

ond

ertputrLorl

rov

ol,ttpotrrrotv oyyeiorv. K4treg ;rnopeL

en[or1g vo ouppouv dropdoou eu6v6orov orlpeiov rqg treu-

notrqq BouBrr;utx6

orpotrotp[0.

0 eyxdporog rorArox6g pug 11).

ErvoL

(ELr. 2-7 , 2-8, 2-10 xot 2o eourrepog ono rouq rpelg ntrorelg xoLtrroroug pueg.

.aq'-

H KOIAIA

o€d;^# ' -.9 *( ^ry<-

..5

.-6

Lt'"rild"'"

.tQo€t6t|C anoOuon

Asuxn ypol-t1tri 0LtQon0C

f o€o€6nC VpoLttth

A€uKti vDauun

0p?oC KotntoKoC trtuC

Anov€upaon E€o noEoi

Ltu6<

Anov€upoan €oa no€ou

IJU0C

A€pLro

Entnonhc n€ptrovio

.E€a

'Eoe

No€oC LIUC

no€oc

LtuC

EVKopotoC KotnroK1C LtuC

Elxtivo 2-8' 0 opOoq roiltorrig uuq Kot I erlKn T0u. A. tlprlo0ro orlin r0u de[rou opOou r<oLtrLorou puog pero rrlv otporpeol rou npdoorou nerotrou rqq 0lrqq rou. B. 0 op0og rod,torog pug elet orpoLpe0er yro vo rpover ro onloOro n6rotro rrlg 0r1rr1g rou. f ror A. Eyroporeg rop6g rou npoogrou rotl'toroI rotXdgorog nou de[Xvouv rLq (veg rov onoveup6otov r0u de[ro0 tro[ou ror rou belrou eyroporou ror],rorou puog vo drontr6rovror pte rtg iveg rtrlv onoveuptirorov Tov ovrrorolXtrrv pudrv qg oproreprlq ntreupoq.

0r npoorpuoerg, n veupolol K0r 0r KUprsq evepysreq T0u ovoqspovror 0T0v ll(voro 2-1. 0t iveq rou Tlopef0vT0r oxedov opr(dvTro, eKTOq 0ro Trq K0T6Tepeq, or 0noieq dr6pXovror K0To ord Trq iveq Tou eoo tro(ou pudq Kor ropotrtrntro npoq 0uT6q. 0r puireg tveg rou eyxoporou rod,roxou puoq rorotrrlyouv 0r orovrupororl, 11 o-

noio ouppotrtrer oT0 uu0q.

oxrlUoTroUO

Tlq

0f1x1q

rou op0ou roilrorou

Evepyereg rov rprdrv ntroretov xorfuoxrirv pudrv (flivoxoq 2-1). To npoo0rontroyro rg4po rou roilrorou rorXrrrgorog Dev unoorqpr-

(eror, oure npoororeueroL ono ooro. llop'otro ouro, ro rprn),6 orpdrpo rov ntroreov ;-ruriv rou Kor or rKTrropeveg onoveupotoerg roug oXlpor((ouv roXupti ror etroolro unoorrlprypo, ro ono[o elootpotr((er o4povrrrrl npooroo(o

yrxo,

tav xotAtoxtiv onAoyvuv. 0uoLoLoovonveuorlreq rrvrloerg ouvodeuouv 4nreg puOprxeq rr-

162

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

./,\ llfvoxoq 2-1. Kupror p0eg rou npoo0rontroylou roiltorou rotXtitporog 'Exrpuon

Mug 'E{tlt }.0€oq

Karoquoq

E€oreprrdq enrqovereq 1

5qg-

2nq ntreupoc

Neip@on veupo xor unonle0pro

LoydvLoq orpotrotD[oq 'Eoro

llrf(ouv

veupo

xor orrlp[(ouv

ro roiltoxo

ontrovXvo, Kopnrouv Kor oTpeQouv Tov

troEoq

Ooporooorpuirrl neptTovlo,

KonD Xeitrn 1Onq eoq

npoo0to 0uo rpunUdpto

12nq ntreupdq, \eurn

Loydvtog or<potrorp[oq

ypoggrl ror 1pur1

xoL

d€or nUrUopto PouPtovtKou

r<oilror<oq

'Eoor

npdoetot rtroOor rov ronrl-

r<otl bpendvou

enrqoveteq Zou - 12ou

ntreupuou Xovdpou,

AeuKn

ypouu

rdpolv 6Er Otrlporrxdlv rot rou nptilrou ooQUlKoU veupou

It6(et rot ornpl(er ro

xoLtrtor<d

ontroqvo

onoveupolol eout

0orporoootpu lrrl

troEou,

neptrov[o, troyovto ot<potrotp[o xot

xoppo,

oorotiv geoo PouPovt-

ouvddopou Eyr<opotoq

Evipyercg(1)

Konirepo e{r 0opoxud

Aeurn ypoUUn, nBu<o tDtiUo roL npoo0ro flprou

lBtrn orpotrotplo

ror npuo ooroUv gdoo

d{tt

poupovrxorj dpendvou

rpurlpopto PouPovtKou ouvdeoPou

0podg

Kortrroxoq

HBU<n

(1) Auto[ oL roL[Laxoi

trtueg

Kognrer rov xoppo xor ntd(et ro Koiltqxq

llpoo0ror rtrqdor rt,Jv

:tQoerdnq 0noQUon K0t

ouUrpuon xot rlBrxrl

orpotrotDlo

5oq-7oq ntreuprxoq

xororr6porv d€t 0opoxu<rirv

xovdpoq

veUpotv

6youv rpeLg ripL€q €vtpyer€g: 0 ) r<ivnon rou xoppoA, Q) nko7 rav onAdyyvuv

xaL

ontroyXvo,

(3) avanvo4.

0 "&

:x ..?

.iiijii'

/ .'.o /)

,dd'nfd" r,'

kl"

€,' j .i :' ,t. :.;3i AoVavoA n ovo oLpt o vsupo

l*$ :.r::rl

Ao Vov

o B

ou Bco vt K o v€ 0 po

EO€ v6o

Anov€ipoon E€o) noEoi uuoc

v oE r 6 n C

v's

a Lt oC

fou n€ouc 'Eo@

at0noc BouPovtKoC ouvAsoLtoC

.E€Q

ofunoc Kptl"toompoc EntnonnC BouBovrKoC boKLinrcC

,oOnviC ovotVlJo

Bo v t K o i n € Lt AoO

v€ c

BouPdvtRo Ap€novo

Av tor po Up€v oq Bou Bov

K oC

auvO

€ o lJoC

Erxrivo 2-9. Enrnolqg ovoroprl T0u npooeronLoyLou r<ortrroroI rorlroporog, rOro[repo rrlg $ouBovrrrlq X6p0q llpoo6(re ol povo 6uo 6opeq nope00vT0r perolu rou d[to r<or rou eoo tro[ou Uuoq, 0r ottoleq ouyKsKprUevo elvot ro troyovotinoyoorpr0 Kor ro troyovoBouBovrKO veup0.

H KOIAIA

vlloerq Tou rpooerontrdyrou KOrl,roKo0 T0rX6U0Toq. 'Orov ro 6toQpoypo ouonoror xoro

droprero rrlg eronvorlg, or 0otror rou enr-

nedtilvovror ror xoroondlvror

pre

onoretreoUo Trlv oulnq Tnq K0T0-

ropuqqg droperpou rou Otiporo (Bl. Keq. 1). llporerp6vou vo dqlrroupyfloer Xdrpo yro ro on],oXvo (n.X., ro oropoXo ror ro evrepo),

ro npoo0ronLdyLo ro[Xr,r1ro dreupuveror, ro0tirg or pueg rou Xotroprirvouv. Koro r1v Xotroprrrorl rou Ooporrrou xtrtrrpou r<or rou drotppoyporog

Droprero rrlg ernvorlg (ptr. Err. 1-50), noporrlpeuor

no0rlrrrrl e rootrrrl rou npoo0rontroyrou roilrorou rorXtirporog" Evrourorg, roro q p[orq ernvorl nou ouppolver roro ro BrlXo, ro

qv 6vrovrl npoono0ero, otror oL npooOror rortrroroI p[eg ouordtrtrovror evrovo ror nr6(ouv ro nepreXoprevo

tpropvrolro, rov epero rol

qg roiliog.

rp6v unodltrrirverol ono outroreg rou ddpporog prero[u rotv purxtirv

uneyepoeorv. 0t outroreg oureg ouvrl0og evronl(ovror oro en[nedo rrlq lrqoeLdoug onotpuoeog, rou olupotrou ro06q ror oro rqg onooroolg, perolf our6v rolv ovoroprrov orolXeiov.

preoo

0r evepyeteg rorv op0tov xortrroxrilv lrutirv. Errdq ono q ouproqv n(eor1 rorv rod,roxtirv ontroyXvrrtv (n.X., roro rl

Bolq roug

droprero BrlXo, eperou q oqodeuolg), or op0oi p0eg etrrouv npog r.ot ora9eponorcAv rqv nleAo xoto rq Bodto4. H oro0eponoiloq qg nu6trou dfver rr1 duvororrlro oTouq Urlproroug pueg vo trerroupyouv onore),eoporrro. En(oqq, roro rr1

ro rorto rrg ntreupeq

droprero rqg ovu(roo1g rou rorto oxpou, evtir ro oropo Bpioreror oe unro 06o1, ot op0o[ xoLtrroro( pfeq pe 14 ouorotrfl T0uq 0rorpenouv qv rotrovreuoq qg nudtrou, troyo rou Bopoug rtrlv rortrr

Evtpytivrag 6Aot 1to(i, or n),ore(g xorLroro( pueg oulovouv rrlv evdoxortrrorrl nieo1. '0rov or ntreupdq ror ro drorppoypo elvor orr-

orpolv.

vqronoulpevo, or npoo0ror roil,loro( pueg nr6(ouv ro ontrdXvo, pe

pudrv (Err. 2-2

onoretreopo rqv oullorl qg evdorortrrorfiq nieorlq. Auq n ev6pyer0 Tov lrutlv nopoyer rr1 duvoprl nou onorrelror yro Tlv orpodeu-

ror eXer fdq yiver ouvroprl neprypoq4 rouq. Me be6og6v1, opoq, rrl UeVotr1 rtrrvrrq oqgoo[o roug,

on, Tlv o0p1or1 ror rov rorero.

nopor[Oeror edtir neprooorepo ],enrogep1g neprypoqq Touq ovorerpo),0[rrro1 rq g oX6oetlq ro uq.

Evepydvrog xo9evoq yuptoto, or nl,ore(g roilrorol pueg rrvoUv rov roppo (pI. Keq. 4). Orov q nuetrog orrvlre(, oL drjo 6lto tro[o( gueq pnopouv vo rog(rouv rov roppo. Evepytlvrog Xtoproro, o evog rllrr: tro|oq Uuq pnope( vo r<olrQeL ntroyro rov xopprd ror vo

ovrfOerr;ntreupo (9I. Err. 4-36). Edv o Orirporog elvor oxrvqronorlpevoq, or duo 6[rrl tro[o( Ufeq rtrivouv ro

rov orp6Qer npoq

nue),ou npoq T0 ovo rot rognrouv rov ropplo. rov [dro rpono, pe orrvlronorlprlvl rrlv nuelo, o Svog 6oo troEoq Uuq pnope( vo Kdgqrer rov ropgo ror vo rov orp6ql.rer npoq rnv ntreupo rou. Me orrvqronorll-ulvo ro 06poro, o evoq eoo loloq npooOro pepog Me

pug ropnrer rov roppo npoq T0 ntroyro ror orpdrper rrlv nuetro npoq

qv a.

163

ovr[Oeq ntreupo. Btr. Ketp. 4 yro neprooorepq ou(1rr1oq ourorv 2-8).

"%Aurog o enrpqrrlq, eupug ror rorvroerdflg pug e(vor o xlpLoq xaraxopugoq 1.luq T0u npoo0rou roil,roro0 rorXtirporog. 0t npoorpuoe rg, 1 ve[pororl ror or r0preg evdpyereg rou ovorprlpovror orov ilfvor<o

2-1.

& dlo op)o[ xotAnroi

Aeux4 ypappq, ev6 npog

pAeq yupi(ovroL pero{A Toug ono rn

ro xoro ppforovrot notru rovro o 6voq

orov otrlo. 0 op0oq rod,Lorog pug e(voL rperq rpopdq ntroljrepoq oro ov6repo rprlpo rou ono drr oro rort0repo. Iro rortrirepo rgrlpo tou e(vor orevog ror noXug, ev6 oro ovtlrepo rprlpo rou e(vor eupug ror trenrog. To eltrr Xeltrog rou op0oU roLtrrorou puog, xoOtirg xor ro elo Xefiog rqg 0r1x1g rou, e(vol rupro ror oXrlgor((ouv evo rtrrvrro orlgovlro enrtpovetoro yvtirpLolro, v1 pryvoedry ypo11n.

Ie otrq oXedov qv 6rroorl rou o op06g rorLrorog pug neprpotrtreror ono rr1 0r111 rou, ono(o oXrlpori(eror ono lg onoveupdoelg rov rpuirv n),or6orv roilrordv prurirv (Err. 2-6 eolg 2-B). To npoo0ro n6rotro qg Or1rqq rou op0ori puoq npooquerol orepeo orov opOo UU ortq 0eoerg rtov rptttv t1 nepLooorepuv revovnuv eyypoEtitv (Etr.2-6). Iro purirdl oropo, orov our6g o pug pploreror oe ouototrt1, ro0e putrq (ovr1 rou pero[u ro:v revovr(ov eyyporpriv npopotrtret npog ro epnpog (Etx.2-2). H 0eo1 rtov revovriov eyypo-

treux{ ypoppn ror 11 O{xq rov opOdrv xortrroxtirv ru 2-7 tac,2-9). Auro ro ovoroprro orolXelo

eXouv ovoqepOe( oprereq Qopdq

Kor

H 1nxn rou op1ou xoAnxol puoq e[vot ro rcyupo, oreieg rvddeq nepipAnpl Tlu guog. IXlpori(eror pe q ouvevtool ror ro droXopropd rrrlv onoveuptirorov rcJV ntroreov rortrrordlv ;rurirv (ELr. 2-B). Iro e[o 1ertrog rqg 1 onoveupoor] rou doto trolou puoq Xo.r-

pl(eror oe 600 n6rotro, ro 6vo ono ro ono[o drepXeror pnpooro ono rov op0o pu, evtir ro otrtro drepXeror nioo ono ro pu. To npoo0ro nerotro ev6veror ge rrlv onoveupoon rou e[io tro[ou ;tuog roL oX4porr(er ro rpoo0ro roiXrrllro qg 0r1r1q rou op0ou rodrorou Uuoq. To onioOro n6roLo eviirveror

pre

onove

Ipool

Tou eyKop-

olou r<ot],rorotj puog ror oXqpori(er ro onloOro rolXopo rqg 0qr4q rou op0ou xorl,rorou pu6q. 0r [veg rou npoo0rou rol rou onfoOrou rorXtirporog rqq 01rqq dronLerovror

rorv Kvrloetrlv rrlg onovdutrrrlg orr1trr1q ror rou ropprou.

0 op06g xorArox6q pug (Err" 2-2,2-3 ror 2-6 eoq

oqv

npoo0Lo peoq ypo1r;.t1

ror oXqporr(ouv plo notruntroq rvtldrl potprl, nou ovopo(eroL ieu-

ypl1ptt gtx.2-7 eotg 2-9) rol onoretre(ror ono lg drontreropeveg lveg rov onoveupdroeo]v rolv tro[rov rot rou eyropolou rodro-

rou guog (Williams et al. 1989). H treurrl ypoUUllefvororevl xorot ono rov o1rrpotro, otrtro eupeio novo ono ourov. Iro trenro ;ruod1 oropo e(vor oporrl pro ouLoro oro deppo nou rotrunrer rr1 treurr1 ypogUn

ffw.2-2).

H treurq ypoUpn pp[oreroL ovopeoo oroug d0o

op0oug roilroroug pueq, evdr o o;rtpotrog evronl(eror ogSorrlg xoqg (Err. 2-6 xot2-7).

ror ono rq peooqro

llovtrl ond ro nLeuprro rolo, ro on(o0ro ro(Xopo rrlq 04119 rou

rodroroI puoq ervor oretreg, enerdrl o eyxoporog xor],rordq pug 6rdpXeror eoorreprrd rov ntreuprrurv ldvdprrrv ror o eotrr [o(og

op0ou

ro[0. Enop6vrrlg, novo ono ro n],euptro ro[0, o op0og pug pploreror oe ogeol enoqrl ge ro 0trlporrro ro[Xopo (Etx. 2-7). To rortire po reroprqpopro qg 0r'lrqg Tou oppug npooq0eror oro ntreuprro

0ou pudq eivor en[or1g oreldq, enerdq 1 onoveIpoo1 rou eoo troOeoq yro vo neprpotrer rov [ou puoq dev DroXrrrp((eror oe ourl

roilroro gu (Err<. 2-8). To rortirepo or<po rou onro0(ou rorXtiUoroq qg 01qg rou op0ou puog unooqpo[veror ono rlproetrqopOo

voerddg Xertrog, nou ),6yeror ro{oed4g ypop1n

$v.2-7).

H 0eo1

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

164

ournq Tnq ypoUUnq ppiorerot ouvrlOoq oro p6oo

onooroorlq pe-

ro[u rou o;rqotrot1 rot rnq nptrrlq oxpotrotpioq (Etr. 2-1). Koro ono rrlv ro[oetOr1 ypoUUn, ot onoveuptioetq rov rpttirv ntror6ov gutitv dr6pXovrot pnpooro ono rov op0d Uu xot oXrlpor[(ouv ro npdoOto ro(Xtrrlto rnq Onrnq rou op0o0 roLl,torou puoq (Etr. 2-7

r<tt2'Bl)

04Z1pavru<o ovaroprco oroLyefu, nou neprcAe[ovtoL an6 pu, ro ovto eivot roLtrtord op06 xr1 rcu op\o1 pudg, enoq ono rov roL xortrl enryaotpLa aywfu, ro0drg xor ro retrtro rpqp0r0 Tov K0r6repov nevre peoontreup[trlv xot unontreup[trlv oyyeiolv rot veu-

pov (ELr. 2-7).

H eyx*pora nepnovfo Anoretre( nUtdtotpovriq, enevdurtro n6rotro, ro ono(o xaAlmet oloxA7po oyelov to xorALoxo roiyupo (ELr. 2-1 2 rot 2-13 B & l-)' l-lpog

ro n[ool oultquerot

U0 T0 npoo0ro

n6ro],0 t79 0upoxoooEu-

t:Kng

neryoviog (Etx. 2-102). H eyropoto neptrov[o rotrfnret rqv

po0et entqoveto rou eyropotou rotl,toxou ltuog xot Tlq 0tt0treuxn YpoUUn veupoorlq Tou Kot oro duo rlpLpdpro, n(ool on6 ev

(Erx. 2'B ror 2-11 6trlg 2-13). Ko0e po(po rrlg eyxopotoq neptrov[-

og no(pvet rqv ovol-too(o rnq, ovdtroYo Ue rn doUrl nou xotrunreL. Iro btdrppoypo tr6yeroL \nEpaypouxry nepLtov[a, oro ],oyovto 1-tu trdyeror Aayovn neptov[o, ro rpflpo rrlq rou ro],fnreL ro pe((ovo rloiTl UU tr6yeror tlJotK7 fteprovio, evdl orqv nuetro nueAxq nepLrcvia. H eyrdpoto neptrov(o enertelvetot go(i pe rq troyovto neptrov(o npog ro Unpo, 6nou oxlUori(etq pr1pLofu nepnovfu Lttppouptlvtrou nopou yto vo oXqpor[oet Xeror enioqg dLop6oou rou qv rloo onepparx7 ntprcov[a, 11 ono[o onoretrel evo ono ro neprptr1Uoro rou onepUoTtKou rovou (Etx.2-7 ,2-12 xot 2-15A). EotrlrepLrd rrlg eyroporog neptrovlog pp(orerot rc neprovato, 0 eKTerop6vog opoyovoq up6voq nou enev6[et rrlv rottrtortl Kot Tnv iluttrru1 rottr6r4ro (ELr. 2-1 2). H eyroporo neptrovio dtoXtlp((etot ono

XonopoC ouv6EttKoC totoc

Eaa doEoc uuc

Ao y ov

o 0n

ov a ot p t o v € i

Kno'ot €v ta Poe€t nsprcnaptvnc novovtoc opmpioc Kot Qn€Poc

EyKo po! oC Kot nr oKoC Ltu

Anov€ipoan e€a no€ou Lruoc a€inoc rcLrnc)

AovoVoAoUBdVIKo V€UPO

AnovE0paan Eo.') no4ou puoC

'Eoa noE'c uuc

Anov€upoon iEa no€ot Ltuoc EouBdvtKo 0o€novo

Kp€lJoornpta

ofinpio

Kot

Oniqo

En€ppouKoc rovoc

Erxdvo 2-10. Ev

Bo0er ovoroprl

rrlq BouBorvrrlq xop0q pe ovoonooq

TOu

too

tro(00 uuoq rot roroonoorl rOu 0rtpu0TtKou T0v0u

H KOIAIA

neprTov0ro ue fiorKfin II0o0Trlr0 uIIoIIeprr0v0iK00 trfnouq, T0 oilo(o Xop0KTnpl(eror otg e{uneprcovoixI Ainoq. TO

Ta vetpo rou np6o0tou Ko,AtoKoi roryftporog To 6eppo ror or 1-16eg rou npoo0[ou roilrorou rorXtir;lorog veuptirvovror rup(oq ond roug roilrorouq rtrddouq ruv t<ardttpuv e-

{t 1upoxxtiv velpuv (dql.,

11 ouveXero

165

rov xor6repov lJtoo-

nMupiuv veApuv, 07 eog 011) ror tuu

unonAeupLuv vtupuv (012). To rortirepo rpflpo rou npoogrou rotXoporog veuproveror ono 600 rtrodouq rou np6o0rou r0prou xtrodou rou np6rou oorpuiroU ve0pou, dLop6oou rou troyovoLinoyoorp[ou Kor rou troyovopouptovtrou vefpou (Etx.2-7,2-9 ror 2-1 3). To AoyovoAnoyaorpLo veApo ueupuuer ro d6ppo rnq pouptovrxllq Xd)poq. Io AoyovoBou-

EvKoporoc KonnKoc uuc

EoQ noEoc uuc

,nEouottKoc tovoc

EVK0 potoC

on n

KoC

LTLJC

EVKopatoC

itaKoC LruC

icuBovrKoC iuv6€ol-toC

EVKopato

nEpttovto

-::sptrovoiro nrnoc

Mnpniot Kn06ot ot6oropnptKoi v€0pou

Ev tu Po0€t n€ponaLtEvn noydvto optnpio Kot Qnipo

1* .i' 'EEo

6ptnovo

i 1

novjvto optnoio KOt

BouPovrKo

oneBo

Kp€poouipto

aptnpio

Mnptoio opmpio Kot OniBo

Bci?€t

n€uOootv€c

qg BouBtovtrrlq Xdlpoq ono ere[vr1 nou onelrovl(eror oillv Ex.3-10. H BouBorvrrrl poipo rou eyroporou xottrroeyropotog neprrovlog SXouv ev p6per otporpe0er, evtir o onepponrog rovog eXer e[orpeOei.

Etxtivo 2'11. Bo0urepl ovoroptl

rou puog rot

BouB0vtKoi

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

166

-'E

Koro

€n

tvoorpr o o oul oicr An oQpoVp€v n oLC)o n! Kh o pt

plo

4 5 6

2 3 OpeAC KotntoKoc Lluc

4 5 6

E€e ntprrovaiKo n

inoC

)

n€prrovoto nt ptBtlnttoro

an:pttotKou

;ltpttxoltsvo

\ou

ontppo-

1 2 3 4 5 6

oxou rovou

Kp€LtooLipoC ttuC

'E€0 on€pLtortKn nsprrovio

i-tooroc fI tou n,o,,o,,,,

cotte>

oo^Fo lnrtovoc

lLtruc

Erxdvo 2-12.

6rcC

€n

uLpo€ t6 tlC xttdvo

onoro,

n€pttovoto EEon€prLovoiKo ninoC

EVKopon nEprtovio EyKOpO!oC Kotn|OK)C LtuC

'Eao no€oc

IJUC

Anov€ipaon t€0 no€oj t-tuoq

7 Yn06opto I Aiouo

ninoC

a€pLto

0 pouBrovrroq nopog r<or 11 npoetreuoq rolv neptBLrlporov T0u onepporLrou rovou (B),6ne eniorlq rov l'livoro 2-2). Ie ourrl rn oxnropl ro ooXeo rot o opXLq unorrOeror orr eXouv ovurlroOer p6Xpr ro enlnedo rou enrnotrrlg BouBtrlvrr<ou Oorrutrlou. Anetrov[(o-

portr<1 opt(ovrro

vror or o116 ortpodeg rou roLtrLorou roLXritporog Kor

Tpslq npooerBotr6g roug.

Buvtxo ve1pl fiopeleror npoq T0 eUnp6q Kor KoTo, oUeooq r0v0) ord Tn tr0y0vr0 oKpotroq(o, rpoq T0 eilrrotrrlq pouBovtro oToUto. Ere( ovod0eror, rp0K€rU€vou v0 veup6osr T0 ddpU0 Tou ovorsp0u

Tlq eooreprKrlq 0rrQoveroq rou unpou. Tov UeoontreUprov veupov dreplovror pnpo0r0 ono r0 ue0onLe0pr0 dr0oTllu0T0 Kor noptuovror ueT0qu T0u 6oo troqou K0r T0u syKopor0u K0rtrr0K0u UUdq (ErK. 2-7 ru 2-13). To enliledo UsToqu 0uT6v rov UU6v, yvooTo oq veupooyycroKd eri fle60, ovTroTorxsl oe 0v0tr0y0 enlnedo rou peoon],eupiou Xd)pou (ptr. Err.1-18). Ie 0uT0 TO sil[nedo, T0 veup0 ouvodtu0vT0r 0il0

o1upotro, ro 010 veup6ver ro 66ppo yupo ono rov o;-rrpotro, ero 011, 012 ror 01 veuptirvouv ro 6dpgo roro ono rov o;-upotro (Etx.2-7 ror 2-13A).

rov vdr

TUnU0T0q

r<upror Ktr060r

rrq rortrl peoontre0preg, Trq unOntreupreq K0r Trq ooquir6g 0prnp(-

eq (ErK. 2-7 ru 2-10). H Korvn veupoon Tou deppoToq Kor Tov UU6v T0u rpooer0ntr0yrou roil,ror<ou T0rX6U0T0q (Err. 2-13, lllvor<og 2-1) eiqye(yroTrrl qrntroQlon Tnq rortriog pe rpuo X6pro nporotre[ ouonoorl rov roilrorcilv lrutirv. '0tr0 ouro ro veupo dt6pXovror perolu purirv r'1 ;16oo ono pueg yro vo tp0ooouv orq enKl Tou op0ou roilrorou guog ror veuptirvouv Touq Tperq ntrore[g xottrto-

roIg

gueq, ro0tog ror rov op0o ror],roro pu (llrvoroq 2-1).

Io np6o0n deppouxa ueupo

rou op0ou p6oo (Etr. 2-6 rot 2-13). en[nedo Uuoq oe prxpf onoorool ono ro 0r rtrodor rtrlv 07 etoq 09 veupurv veupdrvouv ro b6ppo novo ono btonepvouv

0qrr1

,: :,,r,r..r ,,:,,,,,

Xerp.qupy;xeg ropdg ryu npooOfou

ro-ql'(Etx.

2:14). H np,oondtrooq

tq(

xorhqxof roqx6lro.

roLtrroxrlc rofltirrlrog

pnoper vo enueuX0e[ Us rrl XplorporoLqorl notrtrtirv 0rorpope-

rtrtlv ',

,gg11pvtrns,to,pqq 1r[vgrdr

, I ,,enOpxnS.ex€e.Oq

H eniloyrl rou runou Trlq Xernpooerrird, tbore vo e.nuuYxoverot rqu nedlou xor vo e€ootpotrL(eror ro xotrfre.

XetpoupyLxrrlv ropdrv.

po,.0.uvoldv.loopnrqd onordtreopo (Healy & Ftrodge, 1990). H evrdnrorl

rqg rogrlg e{oproror ono ro dpyovo nou ro ouyKsKprUsvo ei6oq rrlq

0o npdner vo npoonetroo0ei ror

,''

o][pip]r]ong',nou inpdrenoi vo y,ive1 (Skandalakis et al, '1983). l-lprv npoyporonorqosrTrlv ropf o , XeLpoupyoq tropBover unogr'1 rou rr; rpopo ru:v l"ruirov rvov ror rqv evronrorl Tov veupcov Kor rov onoveup6oeov (ELr. 2-6 xor 2-7).

H rogr1 ylveror oro rpripo rou roil,rorou rorXrirl-rorog nou

r4v xotrureprl npoopooq oT0 ouyKeKprpevo dpy0v0, U€ q gtxporepl 6uvor1 xoxtirorl rrlq veupcoonq Tov gudrv. H rop4 veupou napoLuurq putxeqiueg nou veupotnpoorp6per

H KOIAIA

167

:tQo€t6nC anoQuotl nnawot 6€ppottKoi KnO60t

np600tor 6€pLtoilKai Knd60r

AaVovou noVoorpro v€ A pa

AoVovoBouBawKo v€upo

Etxtivo 2-13. A. Korovoprl rotv 0oporoxottrtordrv vefporv oe ovdpo r1trrx(og 27 erdrv. B. Eyroporo ropl qq roro rod,iog nou oeiXver rqv nopelo rou troyovoUnoyoorptou rot rou ),oyovoBouBo.rvLrou veupou. llpooe[re orr or npooOror r],odor OLorrrpo(vouv rov eotr.r trolr1 ror oq ouv6Xeto no-

peIovrol perolu ourou rou ptuog t<ot rou eltr.t lo(ou (E(A), 6onou vo dronepooouv qv onoveuptrtol rou e(o tro[oI puoq. 0r dtoreropprlvrs ypop, UeS (----) orlg etrrlveq B rot I noptorovouv rrlv eyropoLo nepuov[0. l. AoEl ropl rou r<oppou, q onoio 6eiXver qv noprr0 Tov roror6porv rl[L 0otporLr6v veupov. l-lpooe(re ort ot npoo0toL rtrodot ourdlv roiv veuptrlv nopeuovror pero(u rou eoo tro[ou (EI) ror rou eyroporou r<ortrrorou (EK) Uuoq - oro vtupoyyetaxo m(nedo - prlXpr ro elo Xeitroq rou op0oI roL],Lorou UuoS (0K).

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

168

E lr.

i.riat:.

Iil

Etxtivo 2-14. Iuvq0topeveg roL\roreq ropeq. A. Meorl io;u1, B. Muo0LoXrrrprorirq ropq, pr1,

Ynepqprr<( ropr1, A. Eyroporo ropr1, E. YnonLeupro

Z. llopopeol rop1.

vovror ono 0uT0 Kor (l)g er rourou eq0oeeve( T0 npooerontroyto roLtrrord roiXolro. Enerdrl ogrrrg unopXer errrKorvov(o pero[U rov peoontreuprov vefpov oro peoon],eupro droorqporo Kor rov veupolv rou npoo0ronl,oyrou rortrrorou rorXtiryrorog (Etx. 2-7 xot 2-13A), evoq

6epgolrdv ve[pov pnopel vo ronouv

Xrop(q o[roorlgeitorrl

d0o prxpoi xtroDor

ontil),ero rrlg oro0qnroqrog.

Ano ro 6(o Xeitroq rou opOorj roilroxou purig peXpr npooOLo Udorl ypoppn unopXouv etroxroTeq 11 roL xoOdtrou ovooroptiroerg veuptov (Erx. 2-6 roL 2-13 A). Iuvendrg,

ot eyxapoeg |moptg rou opOou xorl,rorou gudq gnopouv vo npoorp6pouv rotrr1 eyXerprlrLr4 npdopoorl, enrq6povrog rrlv etroXLorrl duvorrl ptrdBq oq veripoorl rou. 0 opOdg rortrrorog puq pnope( vo dLoropei eyxdporo Xopiq orlpovlrrl ptrop1, evtir xoro rr; ouppoqrl rou oXrlpor((eror pto vrlo

eyroporo rorv[o oproro ge lg revovleg eyyporpSg (Em. 26)" Eyrdporeg roprig dev enlXerpofvror olg revovneq eyypoQdq,

6rdl our6g Ttg nepLoXdq rou

nepvouv depgolxo veupo

r<or

oyyelov (Err. 2-6 rot2-7). M6oeg ropeg (ropdg

dtol

opoou pudg

dro-

rtrodot rov ovtrl enryoorplov

tpe[yer peyotroug veupLroug xtrddoug.

tlapopmeq rogeq yivovror xorordputpo oe opetrroio en(ne6o oe onoorooq nepinou 2 ex. ond ro pdoo en(ne6o (Etx. 2-1 4Z) xor pnope( vo erre(vovror ond ro ntreuprxo Xe(-

qv rlBxr1 ouprpuoq. Aur6g or ropeg y(vovror drop6oou rou np6o0rou rorXdrporog qg 0[rr1g rou op0o0 ror-

trog gelpr

trrorou puog, o ono[og onetreu0eptilvrror Kor onoOe(ror fipoq r0 e[o (Err.2-6 ror 2-7). Xoprg oe uuro onoqeriyeror ptropq rqg veupdloetog rou. Irrl ouvdXeLo r6;lveror ro on(o0ro ro[Xtrtlro qq 0f1r4g rou opOou guog, ro0tirg xot ro nepuovoro, ge onordtreopo rqv e(oodo

oqv nepuovoir4

roil,oqro. Ynep4BLxeg ropeq yfvovror eyropoLo (Err. 2-141-),

96o1 ypopprl) npoypoTo-

gnopouv vo y(vouv ypnyopo Xropig vo ronouv Ueydtro oLlrorpopo oyye(0. Aur6g or rogdg yivovroL

norouvror ouXvd

rord prlxoq rrlg ieurfg ypo41ttg gtx.2-7 ror 2-14A), 11 ono[o exre(veror ono r4v lrqoerdrl onoquoq ;r61pr rrlv 1prxr1 oulupuotl. H rop4 pnopei vo yiver novtr: q/r<or rortrl onti rov oprpotrri. H treurr1 ypopUn novo ono rov olupotrri eyeL ntrdrog nepinou 1 ex., otrtrd rdro ono ourdv e[vol orevfl. EneLd4 ourrl q ypoUpn 1op4ye( prrpo povov oyyelo roL ve0po oro d6ppo, q peorl ropri e[vor oXelxdrg ovoigorrrl Kor 0r0-

novot ono

r;prxr1 o0ptpuorl nporerpevou vo enrreuX0e[ npdopoorl oe evdonuetrrxo opyovo (n.X., q prppo xord rr1 dLopxero uorepercop4g. pf. Keq.3).

H KOIAIA

YnonAe1pLeg rogeg ylvovror nporergdvou

puuxfgireq

orrl de{Lo

xcr yt'ourd perd ro rLe(oLpo r4q roprlg oL ;rueg rrvouvror ouyXpovLopdvo Kor ro roLtrrord roiXrrl;ro e(vor

ntreupo vo npoonelooOe( 4 Xotrq66Xog xuoq Kor orqv oprotepq ntreupo o ontrrlvoq. H roprl yLveror toutrolrorov 2,5

er. xdro ond ro ptrtiB4

ntreupLrd

tou 6p6ogou

ro{0, rrtore vo onoqeuX0ei

0otpoxLxou veupou (Err. 2-13A

'14E),

e[ioou roXupo dnorg rol npLv ond rqv eyXe(pqo4. 0rov trr1npooexnrd ror vo e(vor prrprl

rp0e( npdvoro, c0ors vo y(ver

rot 2-

oe p1rog,

ro ono[o nopeueror rovro oro ntreuprxo rd[o ror drooXi(et rouq roilroxoug pueg. M(o ono

ntr6ov ouv40eLg rop6g, eivor

rou elo tro[ori puog r6gveror tro[o rord

ropq ourrl npoorp6per rotr4 npdopoon Ue 0r0-

11 6rdroo4g rov veupov. MereyyeLp4rtx4 rqAq eivor q npdnroorl opyovou 11 Lorou drop6oou Xerpoupyrxrlg roprjg. 0 XeLpoupy6g nou 6Xer

puodto-

ntrr1pq yvrirori

rrlg ovotog(og rou npooOLon),tiyrou roil,roxorj

roLXtirporog roL npoBoiver oe ooor6g ropdg, etroXroteg p6vov rpop6g 0o unoXpeo0e( vo XeLpoupyrloer ourd ro e(dog

npdo8rog ovo troyrivrog orovOog (orlgeio Mc Burney). Aurq 1 rogrl elvor orlpepo trryrirepo dqgorprtrrlg on'ol q oXe66u eyxopon rcp4 or:"1ypoppq rrlg Deppolrrlg nruXrlg (ELx. 2-14A)nou yiveror 2,5 er. dvrrt xor rlotrr rqg npdo0Log dvrrl troydvrog orov0og. Kor orrg 6uo neprnrd:oerq

rpuyrl droropqg, pqEnq

XupLotLx4 roprl nov XpqoLponorelror yro Trl orotr4roer6exroprl (Erx. 2-148).0 ouvr10r1g tunog e(vor 11:rto\flroprl Mc Burney, 11 onolo ylveror nep(nou 2,5 ex. ovo ror doo rrlg

veUpolorl

169

r4trqg. Orov dgtrlg or puix6g ror or revowreg onBddeg

rrlq xoiliog dev enoutrto0ouv rovovu<d nporotre(ror gereyXeLprltxrl rr1trq. 0r rptreypovrig r<o/r1 noXuooprio onore),ouv npo6to0eorxorig nopoyoweg (Harrison, 1 9gg).

n ono-

Enerdrl oL roilroxo( pueg veupdrvovror on<j ro xordlrepo peoontreupto veUpo (01 1 roL 01 2) ro0tirg xor ond ro troyovoUnoyoorpr0 Kor r0 troyovoBouparvrxd ve6po (01) (ELr.

rr1 tpopo

rov

rvrov rou Kor onol0e(ror. 0r puoonoveuptolr6g [veg rou eoo tro{00 xor rou eyroporou rod,rorou puog nou elvor xoOereg oe ereiveg rou d{tr.r tro[ou (Erx. 2-13) dLoXopi(ovrot roro rr1 qopo roug ror onot0ouvror Xopig vo rogouv. Orov

2-7), BIoBn our6v rorv veupolv roro 14 dLopxero Xepoupyrrc0v eneppooeov q oruXqgdrov pnope( vo oDqyfloer oe e(oo0rivLorl rov lrutirv rrlq pouptrrvrxrlS X6p0q, yeyovdg nou nporotre( npo0ro0eorl orrl dqgroupy(o eu7etug poupuvox7-

y(vovror npooexlro( XerpLolroi, 6ev rcpvovru Uuoonoveu-

Eaa an€pLtorrKi ntpftovio Kp€LtornpoC LtuC €vroc tnC € I-r o ot ti p t ct c n € p r t o v i ct c

'E€@

OpxtK€C optnpi€C

on€pLtctttKh

Kot Qn€psc

n€pttovio

tntpLtottKoC nopoC

Aopta tnc €n66uLti'oc Aptnpi€C Kot On€B€c

onsppwKo6l.rdpou EKfopnrtKo tou opx€ac

oannvopto

En66uLti6o

KodnoC

OpxtKo 6iKtuo

Eu0to aannvopto

tnC €n6touui6oC

tn€pLJouKo

aonnvopto Xttdv€C Tou 6px€aC Kot

tou on€ppottKo0 Tovou

OpxtKo

6toApovuo KotnOrnto €nuWo€r60uC

xtttivo

lvedtlC xftuvaC

Etxtivo 2-15' A. AvoropLro nopooreuoopo tipxeorg Kot ontpuortKou rovou. B. Eyr<oporo roprl oe(ro0 opxeorg. lopoqperore rrlv rot),orr1ro rou dlou etrurpoetdoug xtrdrvo, 11 onoio exet rexvrlro 6reupuvOer yro vo rpovouv ro on],oxvo Kor r0 T0rxouorrro nero],0 rou.

L-

170

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

i4g. To troyovopouptrlvrro veupo Xoplyei en(or1g rrvqlroug rtrodoug olg fveg rou 6oto tro[00 pu6q, nou ero6pXovror

p6v rou ovorepou

tou BoupovLrou Dpdnovou, ev6 pnope( enfo4g vo oDnynoer

rorolr6pou lprgoprou rou origorog. 0r rperg enrno.lfg BouBuvtxEg rpAeBeg erpotrtrouv orq pe((ovo ooqrlvr1 plepo rou roro orpou (Erx. 2-6 xot2-7). f a enmoArlq Aepgayyefu rou npoo0rontroyrou rortrrorof rotXtirgoroq, nou pp[orovror novo ono rov optpotro, erpotrtrouv oroug

0T0 oxnpoTropo eu0e[og BouBtovorfltrq g.

pooyoAto[ouq, Aeprpadeveq (pI. Eu<. 1 -1 2), ev6 ere(vo nou ppior<o-

oro d[rrl Xeilog rou pouptovrrou 0p6novou. H drorogrl rou veupou nporotreI nopdtruorl ourtlv rtrlv rvtilv ror eloo0evLor;

neprcov[rdo (qtreypovrl rou neprrovo(ou) nporotre(

vror r0ro ono rov

Kor Tou

ogupotro erpotrtrouv

otryog oro unepre(gevo ddppo roL ou[over ovrovor],oorrxo

xoAg Aeprpadtreg (Err.2-9 ror 2-11).

rov rdvo rolv nprio0rtrtv roilrorotv pudrv. 0r ovonveuorrr6g xLvtloerg oxotrouOouvror ono puOprxeg xrvrloeLg rou npdo0lou roilroxou rorXrrlporog (n.X. 1 roLtrLo breupuveror go-

ro 06poro). Eov q xod(o nopouoLo(er erootrxr1, drov 6teupUveror o 0toporoq (napo6o{oq 0uporoxoLALIt<69 pu0p6Q ge rourdlpovrl nopouo(o puixrlq orop{r(og, e(vor

treUqoq

oroug enrno,l4q Boupuvt-

Ie yevrr6g ypoppeg,

rou npoo0rou rod,rorou rorXriporog

orou\ ll(puiKolq AepEodeveg xoOtlq Kor 0r0uq rorvouq

E{u Aay1vtoug

Aeprpadeveg

o1Loq,

nopoXereueror Kor Touq

(pI. Err. 24 Erooyurylq ror 3-73).

(L pe

nt0ov6v

rov

unopXer nepuovlldo

nveu;.rovrov). Erdrro ororXe(o

H eoureptxt1 enry0vuo rou np6oercu xorAroxoti

rotyritrtorog

nveupov[o (qtreypovrl

roro rqv xtrLvrrrl e{6rooq

H eoorreprrq

ev rtrl Bo0er enrqovero rou rorXriporog ouro0

oe o{efu xotAfu (ot oo0evrl pe evrovororo rodLoro otryog)

rolunrerol ono ro rorXa;porLxo nera).0 rou nepnovabu. To ror-

eivor 1 ovo(rlrlon Tou onoopou rov npoo0ron),oyrtttv rortrLor6v gutirv, o ono[og preprrdg qop6q q0dver p6XpL rri

xrrrporrro nerotro nopouoro(er oprereg nEpLTjv\iKeq muy6g, pepLreg ono rrg ono[eg nsprexouv unotrelpporo epppuirutv oyyelov

oovrdtirdq ortrqp(0. 0 runoq ourdg

ouonooqg rov gutirv

onoretrei XpqoLpororo rhvrr6 ou;lnropo.

nou, rprv ono rr1 yevv1or1, gerotpdpouv oigo ono Kor np0q rov ntro-

rouvro (Err<. 2-1 2). 0q nepnovoix4 nruy4 yopoxr1pi(erot ro1e uneyepoq rou neptova[ou pe eAeu1epo yeiLoq, 11 ono(o ouvflOog nporo),e[ror ono unore[gevo orlrorpopo oyyeio 11 ono ro Lvtodq uno-

Or oprqpfeq rou np6oercu xoAraxot roryrhtrtorog

tre(pporo rou. Merolu Tov ttop0KsrUevolv nruXrilv noporqpouvrot

To npoo0ro roLtrror<o ro(XrolLo orportiverol ono pLrpeg oprrlpi-

rotrnrlporo q Bo0pio. llovtrr ono rov oprpotro ppforeror p(o peyotrrl p6oq nruXq nou Leyeror ipenovoudrlg ouvdeopoq (Err. 2-25) o

eg nou erq0ovror ono npoo0roug ror noponLeupoug rtrodoug rolv on[o1tuv peoonAeup[uv opr1puitv oro 100 ror 110 peoon],eupro

ono(og 6L6pXeror ono Tlv ev To po0er enrqovero rou ov6repou 1grpoprou rou npoo0rou rodrorou rorXrrrporoq oro lnop Kor oT0

dtooqpo roOdrg ror ono npoo0rouq rtrodoug ruu unonAeup[uv lprr1pLriv (Err. 2-6, 2-7 , 2-10 ror 2-11, ptr. eniorlg ELr. 1-18). Au-

droQpoyUo. To etreu0epo Xeilog rou ouvdrloprou nepreXer ro orpoyyAAo oAvdeopo, unotrerppo rrlg olupotrrrqg qlepoq.

ro( or xLodor ovooroprilvovror Ue Trq ovto enryoorpreq oprnp(eq, rrq ovrrr oorpuireg opqp(eq, ro069 ror pero[u roug. 0r xrjpreg opr4pieg rou npoo0iou xoltrruxorj ror;ldrporog e[vor 11 rdra mryooryn

l-lprv ono q yrivvrlorl, n oUqotrLxn rptr6po perorpripeL o{uyovto;.uivo o(po ond rov ntrorouvro oro e;rppuo (Moore,

rl ev ru Bo1u nepLondpevrT Aay1vLa apr1pio, or onoleg e[vor e{o troyovrog oprnproq, roOtirg xor 11 avu enryaorpLo aprr1pfu, nou e(vol retrrrog xtrddog rqg dotrt 0o_rporrrlg oprqproq (Etx. 2-7 ror 2-11 , ptr. enLoqg Erx. 1-1 9). H xoru enryoorpLo oprqpio nopeueror uqlltroTep0 prloo orqv eyroporo nepuov[o ror q0oKot

1988). H qtreBo ourr1 nopoptever Borrl yLo oprero Ordorqpo

xtrodor rqg

rn yevvrloq roL pnope[ v0 XprlorUonorq0ei yro oqorpo{operoyyroeLq xoro rqv npdrr4 Bpeqrrq nep(o6o (n.X. oe

oq 0rp<4 rou op0ou roilrorou puog. H ev ru Bo)et neprcntipevq Aoy6vLo aprrlpro nopeueror oTrlv tv rtrr pooer enrqove ro rou npoo0rou roilrorou vet peXpr 14 pr1voer61 ypoppl, onou rol eroepXeror

rotXrirporog, nopoltrqtro yt, ro BouBuvtx1 olvdeopo ro0drg r<or roro p4rog qq troyrivrog orpotrotpiog pero{u rou eyroporou r<ol},rorou ror rou dorrl tro[orj puoq. H avu enryoorpn aprqpio eto6pXeror

0r1rq rou op0ou rortrrorou puog ono novo, op6otrrg

roro o-

no rov 6pdopo n),euprro Xovdpo (Ew. 2-7).

H qAeBm4 xot q Aepqm7 napoytreuoq rou np6oercu xoAraxot rorytlttrtorog H entnoA7q enLyaorpLa gAepa r.u rl nAoyto 1upaxmrl qAEpo ovoorogdvovror (Err. 2-6), pe onortltreopo rr1 ouvrlvtooq rov rptre-

Uerd

pp6rpq ndoXovro ono epBpuix4

lxq

epu1popAaoruon rl orgotruvooo tou epppuou, Behrman, 1992). Av roL ouvrlOotg

0etrlpeiror oq "onoqpoX0e[00",

oUrpotrrrn

ql6po nopoge-

vet ouv4Orog ovotrr4 oe ronoLo grlrog rrlg ror nopouoro(el

or;govlxrl droroorl oe neprnrtrroeLq nuioiog uneptao7g (ou[r1pev4 n(eor; oro nuAo[o o1orqpa), onotg ourq nou nporoieiror ano x[ppuo7 rcu r1norog. Koro ono rov oprpotro unopXouv nevre ogqotroruorrreg nruXeg (6uo oe K00e ntreupo ror ;.r[o oro peoo eninebo) or onoieg ovepXogeveg ouyrilvouv npoq Tov oprpotro. 0t E{u oltEoAoxuouxeq

nruytq, ol ono[eg oXrlpori(ovror ono uney6poerg rou nepuovolou nou rotrunrouv rtg roro enryoorpreg oprrlp(eg, nopeuovror npog ro ovto ror eoo, oe oprporepo ro nloyto (Ex. 2-7, 2-11 rot2-12). U eou opEaAoxuonxEq nruyfg oXqporl(ovror ono uneyepoerg rou neprrovo[ou, ol ono[eg ro],unrouv roug eoo o1_upotroruorrrouq

H KOIAIA

171

0uvde0p0uq, rou 0r0Tetr0uv r0 0n0Qp0yUevo rpfiporo rtov epppuirdrv oprpotrrrolv opqprdrv. llpLv ono rr1 y6vvt1ot1, ouro ro oyye[o ;rerdqepov o(po ond ro 6UBpuo orov riorouvro Yt0 v0 o[uyovo0e(

n o0[non rrlg evborortrrorqq n(eor1g ooxe(ror novto orov ev tol BoOer poupovrro dorrftrt0, pe onoretreopo vo nre(eror ro onfoOto

(Moore, 19BB). 0r eotrl ogrpotroruottx6g nruXdg ovtlpXovrot tro[o o-

ouro reyuponoref ro oo0ev6g rprlpo rou npoo0[ou rofirorou rotXtitporoq. 0 Bouptllvrrog nopog 6Xet nopol.totooreI pe oroo onoretrof -

no ro ntroyro rorXrirporo rqg nu6trou npoq rov oUtpotro. H pe0q ott-

patroxuorx4 nruXf oXqporf(eroL ono un6yepoq rou neptrovolou, nou xotrunrer rc peoo oltrpoAoxuorw1 oAvdeopo, ro tvtideg unotrerpr;lo rou oupoXou (ELr. 2'31B) o onoioq ouv6dee rrlv oupo6oXo ruorrl rou epppuou pe rov oprpotro (Moore, 1988). 0 Udooq oUQo-

Loruolrog ouvdeopoq ror 4 optitvul,tl nruXtl xor6pXovrot ono qv rpoq Tnv roputptl rqq oupod6Xou r0orrlg (pI. Etr. 3-31). Ano rtg ndvre neptrovoireg nruXdg nou pplor<ovror roro ono rov o1trpotrd, ptovo ot e{u oltqaAoruorr ev ror Bo0er enLqdvero rou oprpotrou

H BouBuvrxrl y6pa H pouptrrvLxr'1 Xdrpo e(voL

neproXrl

oqv

notr[ olgovrtxq yto roug XeLpoupyoug, ono(o epupovl(ovrot pouBtrlvor1treg roL

oro duo Qutro, Ue peyotrurep4, opoq, ouxvoqTo oTouq ovdpeg. H pouptr-rvrrrl Xdrpo onoreLet eu6vdoq neptoXtl rou lpoo0tou xottrtorou rorXrirl-rorog, rbrolre po oroug ovbpeg, trdYto rnq DtetreUoeog rou opXeog Kor TOU onepporrrof rovou p6oo ono ro ro(Xtrtpd qg

.&//

O Boupovrx6g n6pog (Etr. 2-9 eurg 2-1 2,2-16 xot 2-17) n7(efuulo{og drouiog pflroug 4 er. oroug evtltrtreg, oro rortitrepo rprl;ro rou npoo0rou rortrrorou rotXdrporog. 0 Boupovtroq nopoq

roreu0uveror npoq T0 roro ror 6otrl, opeotrlg novur xot nopotrtr1tro npoq r0 6otrl rlprlropto tou BouBuvxoA ouvdtoltou. 0 pouptrlvtroq nopoq 6Xer duo rorXrirporo (npdo0Lo ror on[o0ro), dtjo ordpto (tivo

oe ro0e drpo rou, rov enrnotrrlg

Kor

rov ev

Bo0er

Bou|uvtxo

Iaxr1Ato), oporprt (ovro ro(Xtopo) ror 6Dorpog (xoror roiXtrlgo). Io np6o0to roiyapa rou BouBuvLxoA nopou oXlpor[(erot xuptorq ono qv onoveuptrrorl rou 6[trr tro[ou puog. I-lpog ro 6[or evtoXueror ono lveg rou 6oo tro[ou puoq rot oe peprr6g neprnrotoetg

ond [veg rou eyroporou ror],Loro0 guog. f o on[o1to ro(yu1to rou poupuvtxoA ndpou oxlUor((eror e[ o-

eyroporo neplrov(0, nou evloXueror eotrlreprro ono ro Boupovtxd dpenavo, rov rorvo xoroqulxo r6vovro rou 6otrt tro[ou ror rou eyroporou roil,rorou puoq. To idopog rou BouBuvtxoA n6pou oXqgor((eror ono rrlv ovto enrqovero rou pouBovrrof ouvdeopou Kor rou poOpro(ou ouvd6-

opou (Err.2-168). H oporp1 rou

BouBuwroi nopou oXrlporl(eror ono trg toloet-

6erq rveq rou eotrr tro[ou ror rou eyxdpoLou roilrorou ;tuog. H roro enryoorpro oprqp(o (Etx. 2-7 roL 2-11) Bpioreror oro 6oo Xe[-

l,og rou ev ro dorrul,[ou Kor oq tK rourou o notrgdq r4g onoretrel Xprlorgo odnyo onpeio xoro q dtdpreto Xetpoupyrr6v enepBdoeov, nporerpevou vo roOopto0e( q 06o1 rou poOer poupovrrou

dorrutr(ou ourou. Aoyo

qq lo[nq qopog rou

rou nopou (nou oXrlport(erot rup(oq ono rqv onoveuporol rou 6lto trolou) nro rovro oro on[oOto ro(Xolpo (nou oXqporl(eror xup(og ono rrlv eyropoto neptrov(o). Iuorotrrl rou 6oro tro[ou Kot rou eyropotou roil,loxou puog nporotre( rool rolv npoo0Lo ro(Xrogo

rorXol-rorov r0u, [e onore],eo;.to n opoQn rou nopou vo rorepXerot ror o nopoq vo ouotpfyyerot. Iqv dpOto 06o11, oL pueg ouro( pp(-

Koro q dropxero rou p4Xo 11 6vrovlg npoono0eLog tt otj€lon rqg evdorortrtorrlg n(eoqq relver vo e[oOtloeL p6pog rou ntpt€Xop6vou rrlg xoLtrlog ptloo rou pouptovtrou nopou rot vo nporo],6oet r1lr1. H evrovq opog ouototrq rolv roloetdulv putrdtv tvtrlv rou 6otl tro[oI roL rou eyxoporou rodrorou puog nopepnodi(et q 6q;tLoupyio rr.1g. 0r fveg our6g trerroupyouv oov rlptoQtyKTrlpog, nou onorpener ro oXqpolopo rqtrqg (Err. 2-16). Ageoog nlotrl ono rov enrnotrflq poupovrro 6orr0],Lo pp[orerot ro BouBtovtrd 6p6novo. 0 opOog r<ortrrorog puq ppioreror n(otrt ono ro poupovLr6 6p6novo (ELr. 2-9

npry ono rr1 yevv1o1.

troxtrr1pou onri

gevl ono rpLo ro{0, ro ono[o oX4porf(ovrot ono roug rpeLg ntrore[g ror],rorouq U0€q. H ouorotrti rou 6lo trol00 Uuoq q6pet ro

oKovTor ouveX6q oe ouototrt1.

xeq nruyeg nepLeyouv oyye[o nou peroEepouv olLa.

xoOtrlq eivor

ro(Xopo rou nopou novo oro npooOro ro(Xropo rou. To yeyovdq

BouBtovtrou nrlpou, o ev rtrl poOet

ror o enrnotrrlq BouBovLxoq dorrutrLoq dev ouprn(nrouv. Enop6vog,

ror2-10).'Orov ouloveror 1 evdor<ortrrorrqnleoq, orn],0-

xortr[og ouoretrtrovrot, nL6(ovrog r4v onoveupotol rou 6ltr.r tro[00 Uuoq novo oro pouptrlvtro dp6novo, ro ono[o pe rr1

reiq

Uueq

oerpd rou nt6(er rov op0o roLtrroro pu. Enopevtrlg ro poupovtro dp6novo ror o op0og rorLrorog UUq roXUpororouv rrlv on(o0to enrqovero rou enrnotrqg Bouptrlvrrof dorrutr(ou, onorpenovrog 6rol

ro oXrlpolopd rqtr1g.

0 enrnotr{g doxrriArog rou BouBovrxof n6pou 2-6, 2-9,2-15 r<or 2-16A). Av ror onorotre(ror doxrutrLog, o enrnotrlg (eloreprrog) pouprovrrdg dorrutrrog onoretreI potrtrov pro rprytovrrrl onrl rrlq onoveupooqg rou 6lro troEorj Uuoq. H pootl ourou rou rprytirvou oXqporl(eroL ono rrlv 48rcr7 axpoAogio, euds 1 ropuqrl rou roreu0uveror npoq ro ndvtrl ror e[o. 0r ntreup6q rou rprytilvou oX4por[(ovror ond ro eotrl ror ro 6[trl ore],oq rou enrnotrqq Bouptrlvrrou dorrutr(ou. And rov enrnotrrlg pouprrlvLx6 doxrutrro ovodueror o znep1oru<og rovog orov ovdpo (Err. 2-6), evti orrl yuvo(xo ovodueror o orpoyyritrog orjvdeopog rqq prlrpoq (ELx. 2-18). Enrntrdov, ono rov enrnotrqg dorrutrro el6pXeror ro AayovoBouBuvtx6 veipo yro vo veupooeL ro d6ppo rrlg ovo eoor enrqoverog rou pqpou. To revrprro oq;leio rou enrnotrrlg 9ou0rovrxo0 doxruL[ou pp[oreror novo ono ro 11prx6 rpripo (ELr. 2-1 ror (Err<.

2-3)

Io e{u oxeAoq, rcu ennoArlg BoupuvLxo1 \axruA[ou oXrlpor((eroL ono ro rplgo r4g onoveuptoonq Tou e[or tro[ou puog, ro onolo npooq0eTor oTo lprrd qfpo geoo rou poupovtrou ouv66opou. 0 onepponrdg rovog enrroOeror oro rortiuepo rpqUo outou rou or5troug (Err. 2-6 ror2-9).Io Eou oxeAoqrcu enLnoA4q BouBuvrcol doxruA[ou oXlgor((eror ono ro tprlpo rrlg onoveupoorlg nou noperrtr(ver yr0 v0 npootpu0e[ oro qprxd oord ror orqv rlBtril

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

172

puq OnKn

Aciv o

op?oi

v oA n

aootants E n

non

ovo ot p o v€ 0 p o r

Bou BovrK oC 6o Ktin

tn.€pLtouKoC tovoC Ao v ov o B o u Bo

,Eod

v t Ko-

v€ i

AoEoc UUC

AoVovoA n ovo

otpro v€0po

AoVovoBouBuvrKo v€ipo -BouPovtKo 0pEnovo

Eyxopotoq KoBrcrKoc ItuC

Kno'ot ulc €v to Poe€t n

€ptono Lt€vn c

E-v r(,J

optnpto

On€Btt

Erxrivo 2-16. ArodoXrrl ovoroprl rolv rpL6v ntroreov pu6v rou npoo0tou rottrroxou rorXtirl-rorog. llpooe[re 6rt ro npoo0ro rolXrr-r1ro rou Bouptrlvtxou nop0u

ovovt oc opu t pio c

Bo0Et Pbu,ovtKoc 6oKrunroc

qv tKToorl tou, 0no rrlv onove0pooq rou e(o tro[ou oXrlprori(eror. oe o\r1

EVKopoto nEptrovm

Unpnio

aoiBt,tvtxo 6pEnavo

svo ro ontoOto rolXtrllto lou oxr]prorl(eror ono r1v syKop0t0 ntptTovt0 Kot

UUoq,

oKp0troQ(o, eooTeprK0 Tou rlBrKOtj q0U0T0q. MeoooxeAo[eq [veq, Tou

Pou\uvrKo1 ouvdeo\ju tKre[v0vr0t npoq T0 ovto rot eoo ro-

T0 urlKOq T0u snrrotrrlq pouBovrrou 6orrutr(ou, 0noTpsnovT0q Trlv

0n0u0Kpuvorl rov oKeLdv (Err.2-6,2-9 ror 2-l6A).

0 ennoL7g Bou|uvx1q

\axrAArcg e(vot Iln\o(pnrlq apEouq

novu xu t€u an6 ro 4Btxo rp1pa pe( vo e[eroo0e(, pe

fx.2-17).

Irouq ovdpeq pno-

K0puqn evog dorrutrou (ouvtlOtoq rou 6e(-

rr4) eyrotrn6vovroq T0 b6ppo rou ooXeou rot npoXtrtptitvroq 0r0lo npoq ro ovo ror 6[rrl, roro pflrog rou onepportxou rovou. Edv o dorrutrrog eXer dreupuvOer, gnopei vo unodeX0e[ to dorrutro yoprq vo nportr10e( otryoq.

Ilg

vrro nordro o enrnotrrlg poupovrxoq borrutrtog dev entrp6net qu-

eloodo

$o0er (eotorepxoq) poupovtroq dortutrtog onoretreI ro oropro evog errol,norporoq rrlg eyropotog nepuov[og, oXrlporog 1). 0 ev

dorrutrou (Err. 2-1 6[), ro ono(o oXrlporf(eror nprv ono q y6vvt1ot1, orov 1 e.lurpoeLdqq onoEuo4 npooerpotrtrer g6oo ond rrlv eyroporo nepuov(o (Moore, 19BB). To Xe[trr1rou ev ror Bo0erdorru],iou dev droyporpovror ootprirg, ontrlg ro Xeitrr1 rou enrnotrrlg dorrul,lou. Eov ovor<o1upOe( o

6[o troloq pug ror ono0rl0ouv ro

oyyeto, nouer vo urp[ororor

tr-rg

repLrq ot!1, q 0eoq rou ev

enLyoorpro

borr0trLog. Ev rourorg ono rqv eotrlpo0et poupovrrou borrutrlou unodl-

L6veror ouXvo ono evo evruntrlgo rou neprrovo(ou.

yuvo[reg Kor 0T0 norbto ot dtooro-

00rq Tou enrnotrrlg pouprrlvrxou dorrutr[ou e[voL notr[ ptrporepeg on'dl oroug ovdpeg Kor rl qrrltroqlorl rou e[vot duorotrn. Iro opoeorotroyLxo

BouBovrr<o d06novo.

ropurplg evog dorrutrou.

0 ev ro 0fOer BouBorvrxtig doxrftrtoq (Etr. 2-1 0 tac,2'12,215 ror 2-16). Anorele(oXropoetd6g ovotypo qg eyrdpotoq nepLrov(og ror evron(eru ot ap6oaq, eEutepxn 0604 ug npoq, Tnv xaru enryoorpn apt1p[o. Bp(orerot op6otrlg novo ono ro peoo rou poupovrrou ouvd6opou Kor rpoq ro 6oto qg 6rquolg rou eyroporou xor),rorof Uudq ono ro poupovtro ouvdeopo (tlivoroq 2-

H rr1

x60o6o9 rtov 6p;1eov. Iro vo yiver rorovoq-

ovoropro rou Boupcovrrou nopou e[vor onopo[qreq

gerovooTeuon ror rr1 roOodo rtrlv Ueprr6q yvuloerq yLo dpxeorv. 0r rlpXerg avamlooovrot ornv ooqutKn Xdpo Vt-

oo ono r4v eyroporo nepuov[o, ovdpeoo oe ourqv Kot oT0 neprrovoro. Ouorotroyrro btdpXovror ;16oo ono roug pouptovrro0g ndpouq oro ooXeo og6orog nprv on6 rq ydvvqorl (Moore, 19BB). H 0dor1 rou poupovrrou ouvb6ogou oro 6pppuo unodqtrdrveror opXrxd on6 ro yevv4rrcopoupuvLx6

oAvdeopo,6vo ouvdeopo nou exreiveror ono rov opXt rot

H KOIAIA

dtop6oou rou npoo0iou xortrrorou rorXrilgorog roroqueror oTnv eooreprxrl enrqovero rou ooXeou. Apyorepo, ir(o o-

ndquorl

rou tr6yeror eiuryoed4g anoquo4, orotrouOe[ Tov yrvvrlnKoBouprrlvrxo ouvDeopo rar nporoLe[ ovodintroorl rot eyrotreoopd rou 11

err<otrno;ro rou neprrovoiou,

npoo0(ou rortrroxorj rorXtirgorog, pe onoretreogo T0 oxnU0-

Avuxeqolofrooq rou poupovrxof ntipou (Err. 2-16 ror 2-17). pouprovxog 0 nopog onoretre( tro[o d[ou],0 oro rordrrepo rprlpo rou npoo0rou rol),rorou rorXdrporog. H npooroofo rou pouprrlvrrou nopou nop6Xeror ruplrrrg ono roug pueg, nou rov neptpotrtrouv. To rupto nepreXopevo rou orov ovdpo e(vot o oneppauxoq rovoq, e-

v6 oq yuvolro

rou npoo0[ou roLtrrorou rorXdrporog (Erx. 2-1 2). Iroug ovdpeq our6g or npooexBotrsq rou npooOlou xortrrorou

nepreXeL rc oryoyyiAo olv\eopo rqg pqrpaq. Kat oro duo gutro nepreXer rc ),ayovoBouBuvtx6 veipo, ev6 oro duo orpo rou qdper oropLo, Tov rv To Bo0er xoL rov enrnoLrlg pouptovrrd dorru),r0. 0 ev ru po1et laxrlAtog onoretrel oXropoeLdrl on1 qg eyroporoq nepuovlog, evu o entnoA7q laxrlALoq onore],e(

roLXtirporog oX4gor[(ouv ro nepLplrlporo rou onepgolroI rtivou (Erx. 2-12 xot 2-15). Kor oro duo rprltro r; on4 nou

rprytrrvrxq onrl 14q onoveupororlg rou elo trolou guoq. 0 Bou0trrvrrog nopog eXer duo rorXtilporo (npoo0ro ror on(oOro), oporprl ror e-

npoxol,e(ror orqv onoveUpoon Tou elot trolou purig on6 r4v etrurpoerdrl onotpuoq oXrlgor((er rcv enLnoA4g BouBuvLx6 dat<r1ALo (ELr. 2-16A). 0t dpXerg eLo6pXovror ouvfl-

doqoq. To np6o0to roQupa oXqpori(eror xupiog ono qv onoveupoorl Tou e[or tro[ou puog roL evroXueror [poq T0 dlor ono iveg

lo96 rou pouptovrrou ndpou. H etrurpoer0rlq ondrpuorl npooexpotrtrer pnpooro qg rp4goro ro:v drorprlprov olpodrov

0tog oroug pouprrlvrxoug ndpoug opdooq nprv ono rr1 y6v-

vrlorl Kor nopeuovror ;16oo oe ouroug ftpoq r0 6otrt xoL xdTo yro v0 eroetrOouv oro oo1eo. Yno rpuorotroyrr6q ouvOr1-

reg, o lrioXog rrlg etrurpoerdoug onoquoeog onorppoooeror triyo gerd rq y6vvqoq. l1opop6ver povo ro rgqpo rrlg nou nepLpotrtrer rov ripXr, ro ono[o onore],el rov idro eiu-

rpoedq yndvo (ELx. 2-158). 0 ooXeixog orivdeogog onotetre( orov evftrrxo nopoyuryo Tou yâ&#x201A;ŹvvnTrKopouprrlvrr<ou ouv66opou (Err. 2-1 9A).

onoretreI ouvrl0Lop6vq ovtogotrio. llopotlpeLror oe nepfnou 3% rtrlv retreLo;r4vov ror oe 30%

rov npotrrptov veoyvrirv. 0r dpXeLq, olg neprnr6oerq our6g, ewoni(ovrol ouvrl0og oe xonoLo orlpeio rou BouptovLxou ndpou Kor orrlv ntreror!4qio roug, xor6pXovr0r oro ooXeo roro rq droprero rtov nptrrrov trLyov epdopodov gero rr1 yrlvvrloq.

x60odoq rov ooO4xtiv. 0r rooOrlxeg

0pro[o ouvdeopo. H opoErl onorelelror ono ro[oer6eig (veg rou doro tro[ou ror rou eyxoporou ror],rorou puoq.

O onepportx6g r6vog 0 onepporrro rovog, ono rov onoio xp6peror o opXrq p6oo oro ro ovoroprro orotXe(0, nou nopeuovror

ooXeo, onore),e[ror ono

H anoruyfu rqg xo1odou ruv 6pyeuv (rputltopyia)

rou eoto tro[ou. To onfu1rc rcQupo oXlpori(eror ruprorq ono qv qxapon neptrov[o xor evroXueror npoq T0 6oo ono ro poupurvrro dpdnovo. To edapog oXrlpor[(eror ono ro pouprrlvlro ror ro po-

xor6p-

oureg, ono ro on[oOro xortrrord rorXopo 6nou ovont0ooovror, oe 6vo olpeio opeoog roro ond r4v ovtrrvuXovTor Kor

Un ypoUUn rrlg nuelou (pL Err. 3-7) loprg dprog rpuorotroytrd vo eroepXovrot oroug pouprrivrroug ndpoug. H etrurpoet6[g onoquorl, guorotroyrxo, onoqpoooeror ntr1potg r<oL o

yevvqnxopouprrrvLxog ouvdeogog npoorpueror orrl g4rpo, onou 0rorpeiror orov rdro o1vdeopo r4g uo0t1r4q Kor 0T0 orpoyyritro ouvdeogo rrlq p1rpoq (Err. 2-18 ptr. en(or1g ELr. 3-44). 0 otpoyyAAog o1v\eopog r4g prypag drdpXeror p6-

oo ond ro BouBtovLro nripo ror npooqueroL ornv eooTepr14 entqovero rou ouorotXou peydtrou Xeftouq rou ordoiou (ro onolo onoretref opdtroyo opyovo rou rlprgop(ou rou 6oXeou). H nopopovrl r4g etrurpoerdoUq ondquorlg 0Trl yu-

voiro, nou r<trLvrrd ovogd(etor nripoq rou Nuck, pnopei vo o64yrloer oe Ao{q pouBuvorr1Aq. Iro pouBrovLxd ndpo xor oro peyotro Xe[trog rou oLDo(ou e(vor Duvordv v0 ovonru-

np0q Kor ono rov opXr (Erx. 2-6,2-7,2-12,2-15 ror 2-1 9, fl(voxog 2-2).Io ororXelo ouro rotrfnrovroL ono npoororeurrro nepLptrrlpo-

ro npooOro rortrroro roLXrolro. 0 onepgorrrog rovog opXi(eL orov ev ru po)et pouBuvtxo dorrdiro, npog T0, ttou npoepXovror ono

r0 e[o rrlg roro oroLXe(o n0u

enryoorpLog oprrlproq, onou ouvoOpo((ovror ro rov onore),ouv r,at xoroA4yet oro on[olto yeiAog tou

opyeuq.

0 oneppolrog rovog drepXeror p6oo ono ro poupovrro nopo, ovoduerol orov enrno),qg pouporvrro dorrutrLo ror rorepXeror peoo oro ooXeo ilpoq TOV opXr. Ko0rrtg o onepporrrog rovog eyrorotreiner

ro poupovrro nopo, onorro rot rpiro

nepiBtrrlpo, rrlv 6[trt onepportrrl nepuov[0. Koro rqv nope(o rrlg ro0odou rou np0q T0 ooXeo, o onepporrrog rovog d[ver qrntropnlKo qv oLoglo4 ortrqpns xopdns.

neprel6pevo rou oTreppqrtKof r<ivou (ELr. 2-10, 2-11, 2-15, 2-19, 2-20 xtt 2-22). Mtoo oro neprptrr1poTo rou To

onepporrro0 rovou nepreXovror:

1. 0 onepporLxdq

n6poq. 0 eupey60rlq onepgonrog nopog rou opleog evronl(eror oro on(oOro rgrlpo rou onepporrrou rovou ror eivol e uroio Qr1trorp1rog, elotriog rou noXeog roLXtirgorog

T0u, n0u onore),elror ono tre(eg purreg (veg.

2 . Aprr1pbg. H opXrrrl oprrlp(o elvor elorperLro trenro oyye[0, ro ono[o errpueror ono rrlv npooOro enlqovero rrlg ooprrlg oro en!

nedo rou 02 onovOutrou (Err. 2-39), onou ovonruooeror o opXrq oT0 6UBpuo (lVoore, l gBB). H opytx7 oprqpia e [vor ro rupro oyye(0, nou orpordlver rov opXr xor qv enrdrdupL6o. H apr4pio

X0oriv xforeLg ono unotreippoTo Trlq etrurpoerdorig onoqu-

Tlu

otq.

qv xoro ruolrrloprrlpro

onepUoTLKoA

n6pou elvor ],enro oyyel0, nou exqueror ono (ELr.2-19. ptr. eniolg Err. 3-24), ou-

174

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

EEo x€tnoc opeou KotnroKou Ltuoc

Kot(D

€n

tvoorpto opm pio

BouFcovt^o tpivt;vo

oEon €v ta Po9€t BouqavtKou 6oKtuniou

EnnonnC BouBevKAC 60KtinnC

EouPovtKoC nOpoC E

nnon nC pouBovtKoc 6oKrjn roc

Erxrivs 2-17. H gouBurvu<1 Xtilpo, oL BouBu-rvu<or nopor ror oi runot ru-rv rr1trdrv. A. To opLo rou pouBOvLt<ou rptytilvou (r1 ortrrrl neptoXrl): npoq ro rorot o BouptovLrclq ouvdeopog, npoq ro e[o.r 11 roror enryoorpro oprrlplo Kot npoq ro 6otrr o op0oq xottrrordq UUq. B. H nopeio rot 11 epqovtol rtrlv BouBrrlvrr6v r1trdrv. H tro[r1 BouBrrlvorntrl (DeELo ntreupo) dulpXerot p6oo rou pouBcovLrou nopou rot eto6pXerot oro ooXeo. H eu0eio BouBtrlvorltrl (oprorep1 ntreupo) npopotrtrer npoq T0 epnp69 dLopdoou rou roru-rrdpou rprlporog rou BoupovLrou rptytitvou. f. Eyrotreooptiq Tou 0ox6ou roro rn broprero qrlloqlolq rou enlnoLtlg BouBovtrou Dorrutrlou,

H KOIAIA

0ouv ano o0pororl uypou, oxnUorl(ovrog udpoxnAn rcu onepportxo} rovou. Io oneppolrd ntr6ypo rtov qtregov peprrdg qop6g y(veror rrporideq (dreupuveror roL ylveror etrrxoerddg) pe onoretreopo rr1 d4groupyio rrlq no0otroyrrrlg rordoruonq nou tr6yeror xrpooxrltrrl ror 11 ono(o ro16 Tnv qrntroQnq diveL rrlv evrfnooq oorou ge oxdrtrqreq. 0r npooxr1Aq (rrpooI rolv gtreptov T0u oneppoTrKori rrivou) elvor neptooorepo ouvrl0rogdveg oqv qprorepn ntreupo ror oqe0,ovror ouXvd oe etrorrolporrreg Botrpideq rov op-

llfvoxog 2-2. AvTroTorx[o rtrlv olpodov rou npoo0[ou roilrorou totXtilporog, rou oneppolKou rovou

r<or

rou ooXeoul,

Er$adegnpoo?tou -0oyeoxotprdvtq,oppuq,

llepgAryara

xoiltaxou rotX6ltdrog

oneppdrrKo0 TOvou

A6pUo

AdpUo

EnLnolnq nepuovlo

Enrnotrnq nepnov[o

xor

'OoXeo2

doprog puq Anoveuptootl 6Eo troâ&#x201A;Źou UUoq 'Eoo oneppqlxn

'Eoo ),0{og

'E[ro

onepporLrrl

n0plT0vr0

puq

llepuovfo eoo trolou

nepuov(q

KpeUoornpoq

Uuoq

Kpepoorrlpro

Uuq

nepLrovlo

Kpepqornpoq Uuq

Xrr6v qtreBov. H oxotrrlroeLdrlg 6Ldroorl eloqov[(eroL drov ro oropo lontrtrrver ror ro 6oXeo ovu{.rtiveror. Aro;lo nou tporvopevtxo 6Xouv Ouo 6pXerg or4 p(o ntreupo ouvrlOoq

Kpepomrlpro nsprT0vr0

Eyroporoq rottrroxdg ;rug Eyxopoto

neptTov[o

'Eoo oneppolrrl

175

nepuov[o 'Eoo onepgortxrl

nooXouv ond rrpooxrltrq

r'1

oyxo rou opXeu:q.

neprT0vr0

E(olnepLrovoiroq toroq

llepuovoro

'l0Loq

neptBAtiporo rou oTreppqrrKorj r6vou (Etx.2-6,27,2-9,2-10,2-12 ror 2-15A). 0L 6oU6q nou nopeuovror ono ror To

etrurpoerdnq Xucirvoq

11) BAirc mio49 rtg Ew. 21 2 xaL 21 5 (2) To 6oxeo onor eAei oL ano 6tppa xaL qv

rpoq Tov opXL (onepporrrog nopog ror ouvodd oyyero ror veupo) ror oXlpori(ouv r0 onepUoTrro rovo neprpotrtrovror ond rperq orrpobeg ne ptrov(og nou npodpXeroL ono ro npoo0Lo rortrrorri ro(Xrr.lpo (l-livoroq 2-2). Aureg or orLpodeg eivor duoxotro vo broXtrr-

enLnoA4g nepLr ovfu . 0

1aproq lruq Bp(oKerat ptoo or4v enLnol4q nepLrovh.

vodeuel ro onepprorrro nopo oe otro ro grlxoq Tou Kor 0v0oT0-

p6veror pe qv opXLrrl opqpro rovro orov opyt. H xpepaor4pn aprr1pia elvor prrpo oyye(0, erqueror ono rrlv rorol enryoorpro

opqp(o (Ex. 2-7 ror 2-19), ouvoDeuer ro onepprolro rovo rol orpror6ver rov rpepoorrlpo pu, ro0tlg roL otrtro neprptrrlporo rou onepporrrou rovou. H opr1pro ourrl ovooropotveror en[o1g ;le

qv opXrrl oprqpio rovro orov opXr(Err.2-19 B). 3.

AAIBeq (Err. 2-15 ror 2-191-). MeXpr ror ddrDero qtr6peg nou eyroro),e[nouv qv on[o0ro enrqovero rou opXeiog ovooroptirvovror prero[[ Touq yr0 vo oXlgor(oouu rc lnep1ou.xo nAtylto. To qtreprro ouro ntreypo, olioro ge ovopprXrlpevo quro, nou o-

eoo onepporrx{ neprrovio (ELr.

2-1

2 rot 2-15A). 0rov q e-

eyroporo nepuovlo oTov rv po0eL pouprovLro rol dorru),r0, nopoouper gnpoord rqg p(o trenrr1 orrpodo nepuovloq, 11 ono[o onoretreI qv 6oo oneppolrrl reprT0v(0. H nepuov[o ourrl onoretreI ro trenro, eodrroro nepiptrrlpo rou trurpoeLdqq onoquoq eyrotreo(er

onepprolrou rovou. 0 xpepoor{poq luq Kor q xpepoor{pro neprrovio (Ew.2-9,210 ror 2-15A). Ko0tlq 1 etrurpoer61q onoquorl pe ro enrroLuplio Trlq, nou npoepXeror 0n0 Trlv eyroporo neprTovio (ro ono(o oro Udtrtrov 0o onoretreoeL

6orrl onepporrrrl nepuov[o), eyrotreo(e-

noretreI oqpovrrro pdpog rou onepporrxou rovou, neprBotrtrer ro onepporrro nopo ror rrg opqp(eq rou onepUoTrKoU rovou. To onepporrro ntr6ypo ppioxeroL prioo orqv eoto onepporrrq

ror roro ono ro Xeitrog rou eoo tro[ou puoq, npootropBoveL pepLx6g iveq ono ro pu ouro, ro0drg ror peprrdg (veg ono rrlv nsprTo-

neprrov(o rorerpotrtreroqv opXrrrl qtrepo (Err. 2-105). NeApa.Ilq opqpieg rorotr1youv ougnoOqnrdg (veg, evril oro

ovr[orolXo, rov xpepoorrlpo UU Kor rqv rpepoorrlplo nepuovlo. H xpepooqpLo neprrovlo oXrlporr(er ro puloo nep(ptr1go r0u onepU0rlrou rovou, ro ono(o nepr6Xer oyxutreq rou xpepoor{po puriq. Auroq o Uuq nou ouveXeror Ue Tov 6oor trolo, avrovoxAoottxo 6,Axt,t Tov opxt 0e uqrn\dTepn 0eor1 peoa orc ooyeo, rdrolrepo oe Xoprl-

onepporrro nopo oupno0lrrxeg ror nopooupno0qrrreg iveg. To ourovopo oLo0lrrro veupo peroq6pouv tloerg, nou nopoyouv To evrovororo ontroXvrro olyog, orov ouotplyyeror 11

rpougor((eroL o opxrq pre onoretreopo errog ono rov roXupotoro novo ro oropo vo nopouoro(eL roo1 ),rnoOup(oq. To e(or one pporrro veupo, rtrodoq rou ordoroprlprr<oI veupou (Err. 2-

v[o nou rov reprpotrtrer" AurSg or iveg ror

nepLrov[o oxnUori(ouv,

tr5q Oepporpooieq. Iuorotrl rou rpepooqpo puog pnoper v0 rportr1Oer pe etroqpo ntrr1[r1 rou 06pUoroq rrlg

eoo enrqoverog rou ovorepou TUq[oroq rou prlpou, neproXlq nou veuptlveror ono ro

KpeUo-

AoyovoBouBuvtxo velpo (Err. 2-13A). H etroqpo ourrl ntrr1lr1 npo-

Aepqxo ayyeio (Etx.2-22).Ia trepqrro oyye(o rou opXetrtg ror

rotrei ouorotr4 rou rpepoorrlpo Uuoq, nou veupdrveror ono rov e[o onepprorrro rtrodo rou ordoroprlprrou veupou (01 ror 02). To ovrovortroorrxo nou ovetrxer rov opXr treyeror rpepoorrlpLo 0vT0v0-

1 1

), etoepXeror 0T0 oncppoTrxo rovo ror veuporvel rov

orqpo pu. 5.

prorouv pero[0 roug.

rov

ouvodrirv opyovtov rou ovepXovror np0q

onep;lorrro ro-

vo. To oyye(o ouro erpotrtrouv or0uq oorpuixoiq K0r oT0uq npo-

ooprxolq, AepEodeveg, nou evronl(ovror pero[u

rorvrlg

troyovrog Kor Trlg veqprrflq qlepoq.

r),oorrro. 0 opXrq, roOdrg evron((eror rl{ur ono rrlv n[etro oro ooXeo, elvor euoloO1rog 0ro qJUXoq. [r'ouro ro troyo o xpepoorrlpog UUq Tov dtrrer npog ro ov6repo rprlpo rou rioXeou yLo vo dLorrlprlOeL

Mep1169 qopdq nopoprlvouv unotreigporo rou p(oXou

rrlg etrurpoerdoug onoquoqg, ro onoio Uropef v0 droyrul-

0eppog Kor v0 npooToreu0er ono ptrop1. H

i{o

onepporrx{ neprrovio

(ELx.

2-12rot2-15A). Ko0tlg

11e-

trurpoerdrlq onoquorl errotrnrrtver rqv onoveupotol rou 5[rrr tro[ou

176

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

nd6€c

€nr non n c niLo no mc €nrnonnc ntprovioc

Yp€ViA€C €v ta Eoe€r ntrcno €nrnonnc n€pt.fovioc

i AoyovoPouPavtKo v€upo Arne6€C a6uo En rn

on nC Aou Bovt KoC 6oKTU n t oC

T€nrKoi

Kno6ot opmpioC

otpovyunou auvOioLtou

E€a orinoc €nnonnC BouBavtKou

boKTUdtotl

E€e an€ppottKoC Kn06oC a6o]oLInDIKoU V€OooU

M€yono x€rnoc ct6orcu

Etx6vo 2-18. Avoroprr<o nopooKs0oopo BouBovrroU nrlpou yuvo[rog. l'1pooe[re 6opeg nou e[6pXovror ono rov enLno],1g BouBovtro Dorrutrto: (1) o orpoyy0trog ouvbeopog qg plrpoq, (2) trtntldeg odpo, (3) o otdorirog rtrodog rou oL0oroprlprrou veupou ror (4) 11 opqpto Tou orpoyyutrou ouvbeopou. H oprrlpio ourl elvor oU6troyrt r4q rpepoorrlprog opqprog rou ovbpo (Btrene en(olg r1v Err. 2-19).

1tuog, oX4pori(ovroq

per pnpooro

rov entnotrrlg FouptrlvLro dorr0trro, nopoou-

pio olpodo

podo onoretrei rqv

onove0ptoorlg ourqg. Aur1

nepiptrqpo T0u onepUoTrKou rovou. H nepLrov[o ourq,

ro ovo npooqueror oro or6lq rou Lfou, ouveXeror Ue Trlv ev ror poOer (ro

loio

ono(o npog

enrnotrrlg pouprr:vrrof dorru-

neprrovio nou rotr[nter rov e-

pu (Err. 2-6 rot2-7). 0 eieylog tou xpepoot4ptou avravaxAaorLKll oTro-

retrei p6pog

ol-

6[o onepporrr1 neprrov[0, ro ],enro e[6roro

ntrrjpoug rpuorr4g elerooetr:g rov opp6vtov

ooOevdrv, etter0n

xorLroxo Kor To Kprpooqpro ovrovo-

rl,ooru6 pnope( vo 0rou0r0(0uv oe OroTopoxdq, rooo rtov

ovordpotv 6oo ror rtov xororreptrlv rrvrllr6v veupdlvtrlv. To xpepaor1pLo ovrovoxAaonxri e[vor notr6 nro 6vrovo oro notdto. Kord rr1 dropxero

nordrrqg (or1q, 6vrovo xpepo-

orflpto ovrovoxtroonro pnopel vo unoDu0ouv rpu{ropXro. To ovrovorLoolxd pnopel vo ovooro],e( pe rono06rr1o4 rou nordrou oe oxtrodov 06orl Ue orouptopevo ro nodro. Edv o dpXLg e(vor rpuorotroyrrdg, 0o e(vor rdre duvorrl 11 gqIdqnon rou oro rloXeo. To rpepoorrlpLo ovrovoxtroolxrj e[vor ouXvo vro0pd n onouord(er oroug rltrLxuolrdvoug dv-

dpeq. Movdntreupn onouo(o ourof rou ovrovortroolrof dev onoretre( on6 pdvrl rrlq 6vdeL[4 veupotroyrxqg no04onq.

H KOIAIA

K{trq eivor q npdnroroq xdnorog doprjg, ontrrilvou ri opyrivou ond rqv xorldr4ro or4v onofo ov{xer. Meprror ontror ovOpconor 0etopouv rr1treq oq pi6stq, onorg ro

"or<oor1-ro"

el,oorrro0 rpoXou ono

qv nieorl rou nepreXopd-

v0u Tou oe ronoro oo0evdg oqpe[o rou rorXtirporog rou. Enerdq ro ooXeo roL or Xu6veg rou onorel,orjv npooerpotrrlg

rou npoo0rou xortrrorou rorXrrlporog (Etr.2-12), xrltreg nou npopotrtrouv peoto rou rottrrorof rorXtirporog rqg pouprovr11g ltirpog Kor nou pnopei vo rpOovouv UeXpr ro ooXeo ei-

vot rbrofrepo ouXveg oroug ovrpeg. To peydtro

Xeltrr1 rou

ordolou elvor opyovo ogotroyo pe ro ooXeo, otrtro onorel,ouvror rupfog ono trrnot6q roro (ELr. 2-18). Iuvenotg, 11

rou xortrrorou rorXdrgorog nou 0o pnopo0oe vo onoberlOef eudvdoq eivor nepLopropevq ror yr'ouro ro trdneproXrl

y0 0r ouyyevsiq pouBovoxrltreg elvor no],u nro onovreg oro 04tre0 oropo. H nrOovrl onoruXlo rou ploXou r1g etrurpoeLdoug o-

noquo4q vo onorppoX0er odrlye( oe oprop6veg e[orperLro ouvqOropeveg Xetpoupyrxdg no0rloerg, ono rrg ono(eg 11

r6qro ovonrulrlg ro

rr1

ouyyevoAq BouBuvoxr1A4g utprororor

yevvrlq, eov q

177

ro-

etrurpoeLdrlg onoquorl 6ev onoppo-

'0rov q nponroorl ouppoiver oe oQr;ro orodLo qq (trrr1g, eivot nr0ovov ol roro q yevvrlo4 unrlpXe prrpo unoX0e(.

rqg etrurpoerdo0g onorpuolg. Ie ourl rqv nepfnronpdnrooq ouvepl roro rrlv ovulloon 11 rqv rir0r1o4 popoug, ro BqXo r1 rrlv 6vrovrl npoonoOero rord rr1 dtop-

treLppo

o1,

reLo o0pqoqg

otpodeuolg.

r1 dpeoq BouBurvoxrilq (Err. 2-17). H rr1trq ourfl npoBaAAeL ftplq ro epnp1q peoo ono ro on[o0ro roiXolro rou pouBorvrrou nopou ror eyxorotre[ner qv

eu0eio

rodroxrl roLtrdqro npoq ro 6ou ruv xotu enryoorprcv oyyeiuv. Ar6pXeror geoo ono xonoLo rprlgo rou BoupuvtxoA rpLyrivou (rprytrtvo rou Hesselbach), ouvrl0og ro rororrepo rg1po rou. To rptyrrtvo ouro orpopi(eror npog ro roro ono ro pouporvLro o0vdeopo, npoq r0 rllor ono rqv xd-

enryoorpro opr4pio Kor npoq ro eorrl ono rov op0o roLtrroxr1 pu. To poupr'rvrxri rpiyrovo BpioreroL op6oog n(oto

e(vu 4 ntrdov ouXv4 ror oopoprl. H ru-

xor d[o ono rov enrnotrilg poupurvLr<o 6orru],ro Kor nrprtrogpoverqv nepLoXrl rou on(o0rou roLXdrporog rou poupo-

nrrr; pougtrlvorqtrq nepr5XeL pdpog ronoLou onloXvou, ouvq0eororo rou trenrou evrdpou. Ynopyouv 6Ao funot Bou-

vLrou nopou, nou oX1porr(eror povov ono rqv eyroporo nepuov[0. Enop6vtr.lg ro pouBrrlvrro rplyrrtvo onoretre I duvql-

Buvoxr1A4g: 1 tro[q xor q eu0e[0. H

orotrouOeilolrl nope(o 96oo oto npooOro

ro euevdorrl nepLoXrl rou npooOrou rodlor<ori rotXdrporog xor nrOovq 06o11 oXrlporLogou ogeorlg pouptovor4trrlq. 0uorotroyrro ro Xoolro pero[u rou poupovrrou dpenovou ror rou pouprovrrou ouvbeopou onorppoooeroL, orov or npo-

folti { dppeo4 BouBtovoxrjAq (Err. 2-178).

o0ror rortrroroi gueg ouorrltrLowor roro rr1 6ropxero prlXo q 6vrov4g npoonoOerog. H 6poor; ourrl rov lrucitv ovopo(eror

Ao{4 Boupuvox4A7

Io[r1 pouptrlvorrltrrl ei-

vot 0 rr0 ouXvdg runog oe otreg rLq ntrrrieq (75% rtrlv neptntooeotv) Kor or0 duo tpulo. 'Onog unod4ldrver ro ovolio rr1g, rl

lo[n

rr1trr1

xor),roro ro(Xco1ro. H

H x4trq ourq eyrorotre(nel rrlv roilrorrl rortrdrrlro eni ro exr6q tuv xoru enryoorpuv ayye[uv ror 6rooX[(eL rov ev rto poOeL BouBovrro dor<rutrro, ro poupovtr<o ntlpo roL rov enrnotrrlg BoupovLro doxr0Lro. Eno;rdvotg, n I0ql poupovorqtrr; rotrunreror ror ono ro rpio neprpl4goro

"evdpyeLo ouyrtreror1g".

0 xqAtxlg oaxog rqq eu1efuq pouBuvox7A4g onlTsAelrot ano neptovaLo. H xr1trq dev 6rdpXeroL prioo ono rov ev rol Bo0et pouBrrlvrro dorr0trro, otrtro ovo60eror 6topeoou

n V0ptr ono rc poupuvtxd dpEnovo yra vo q0ooeL 0T0v enrnotrqg poupovu<o doxljtrro. 'Orov 1 rr1trq 616pXeror enIro errog rou pouptovrrou dpendvou, o0ei pnpooro rnq T0 ne-

oaxoq r4q to{4q pouovrurpoouneAeL un6AeLppa qq e).urpoeLBuvox4A1q doAg onotpuo4g, 1 ono(o rpuorotroyLro onogpoooeror, exrog ono ro rpqpo rrlq ttou oXq;rort(er rov (6ro etrurpoetdrl Xu6vo rou opXeog (Erx. 2-158). Eov o pioXog rrlq

prrovoro ror qv eyroporo neprrov(o xor ovodueror peoo ond rov enrnotrqg pouptovrr<o 6orr0Lro, elre novto e (re rortrr ono ro onepporrro rovo. '0rov 11 rritr4 drepXeroL peoo ond

etrurpoerOoug onorpuorlq dLorrlpq0e( oe otro ro gqrog rou, 11 xr1tr4 0o eivor nlrlpqg xol 0o errelveror p6Xpr ro doXeo.

rLg e(ooOev1g6veg iveg rou pouprovrxou dpenovou rotrunreror ono neplrovoro, qv eyxoporo neprrovio ror fveg rou

Tou oroppoTrKou rovou.

xr1ALxdq

H IoEl poupovor<4trr1 efvor 20 tpopeq nepinou nlo ouXvrl oro dppevo ond orr oro 01leo oropo. Eov oporg orrg yuvo(reg nopopeiver q etrurpoeLdrlq onoquoq (nopoq rou Nuck), q r<1tr1 gnoper vo eroeL0er oe ourrlv ror geoo ono ro pouBovrro ntlpo vo qv oxotrou0rloer geXpr ro peyotro

Xei-

trog rou ordo[ou. AAo

rlnot

Ao{qg pouBuvox1Ar1q unopyouv.l'l ouyye-

en(rrr1q. Av xor o opog ouyyevqg orlporveL "nopouoo roro rq yevv4or1", 1 nponrotorl evreprrlg 6trrrog oe v4g xor

ovoLrrrl etrurpoerdq onoquoq pnope( vo plv utpfororor roro 14 ydvv4orl, otrtro vo ouppe[ roro rr; dropxero Tr]q vlnro-

r1g rltrrriog q

evrltrrrrlq (ollq. Me otrtro troyro,

duvo-

pougovrr<ou dpenovou. H euOelo poupovorrltrrl ervot notrrj

nro onovro ono orr 1 tro[4 pouptrrvorrltrl xor ouvrl0o.rg ouppofver oe ovrpeg ovo rov 40 ertirv. Aurdq o runog u1trr1g eivoL oouvri0roT0q Kor orLg yuvo[reg. Eu1eia Boupuvox1A4

ouv41ag oulLBo(vet Aoyu e{ao1evrcng ruv npoo1rcv roLAtoxtiv putitv, yeyovog nou preuirver qv "ev6pyero ouyrtreL-

orlv onogpo{r1 rou Xooporog perolu rou Bouptovrxou dpdnovou ror rou pouBrr.rvrrou ouvde opou. Orov or orlg" roug

pueg ouroI efvor e[oo0evrlpdvor, 1 enovedqppdvrl ori[qoq r4g evdorodroxlg n(eoqg, nou ouppo[ver roro rrlv ovu{.roroq r1 rqv 60rior1 Bopoug, ro p4Xo i1 qv dvrovl npoonoOe ro pnopeI vo npoxotreoer rr1tr1.

178

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Meprxo( ouXvd 6uorotrefovror vo 0uurl0ouv rq dtorpopd pero{u euOelog ror ]io{r1g FouFtovorntrnq, enetdrl vop[(ouv ol o opoq "eu0eio" orlpo(ver r1l 11 rr1trr1 drdpleroL xo-

rr1 oerpo

ouv6Xeror pe rqv onovefpoolj rou e|trl tro[o0 Uuoq

reuOelov drop6oou rou $oupovrrou n6pou. Aurr; optoq 11 evrunoorl eivor trovOoo;revn. 0 opoq "eu1e[a" unodqtrrilvet r5n 11 rr1tr4 dr6pleror roreuOe(ov peoo ono ro npoo0to rot-

peoo on'ourr1 pploreroL 1 eou oneppoux4 neptovfu, 1 ono[o ouv6Xeror ge rrlv oluirvulLrl nepuov(o Tou onepUoTrKoI rovou Kor Tlv

orov enrnotr1g dorrutrro. M6oo ono qv e[to onepporrr1 neprrov[o pp[oreror o KpepolTnpoq luq Kor 1 xpepaorqpn neprovfu, evb

eyroporo nepuovlo (ELr. 2-12). Meoo ono qv 6oo onepprolrq nepuov(o pp[oxeror o fbtog etrurpoerdlg Xutlvog (Err. 2-158), o o-

trroro roiXrrlpo. Eno;rdvog 4 euOeLo Bouptovorntrrl noporoUnTet rov ev rtr: po0et poupovrxo oorrutrLo, ovodudpevrl

no[og e(vor optirdqq nepuovoirog ooxog ror npo6pXeroL ono

dLoprloou rou on[o0tou rorXdrporoq rou nopou. H eu0eLo pouptovorrl)\r1 pnopei vo npoxotreoer yevLrrl e{oyrtr:or1 rou

Aurpoetdq anoEuo4 rcu nepnovo[ou.

roilroro0 rorXrilporoq 11 o r4trrroq ooroq vo npopotrtreL ond rov enLnotrrlq goupurvLro dorljtrto Kor v0 orpeqerot rpoq ro ovrrr. 0 tjpoq "AoEi" orlgotvet drt 1 r4tr1 dtdpXerot tro[o ro npooOro xottrroxo roiXolro, De0oprevou ort etoeplerot orov rv ro po0eL pouporvrrd dorrftrro, 0t6pXetot ono rov pouptovrrri nopo ror ovoDferor pdoo rou entnol4q Boupto-

nepLBotrtrer

e[vor neprrovoirog oorog nou ror o ono(og onoronlre ono rov nepuovoixo Outroro, nprv ono q y6vvqoq (ELr.2-158).0 Xudrvoq ourog onoretreiror ono duo ndrotro, rc nep[rovo ntroAo nou ouvdXerot pe qv 6oro onepporrrrl nepuov[o rot ro oru.loXuxd ntroAo nou ouvtlXerorUe rov opXrrorqv enrdldupido (Err. 2-19 ror 2-20). l-lpog ro 5[o ro nepirovo n6ro],0 rou [dLou etrurpoerdoug Xudrvo d16pXeror pero[tl rou opXeorg ror qg enrdrdupidog ror oXrlpori(et rcv t<oAno q9 enddupdoq (ELx. 2-158 xor 2-19A). Yno quorotroytxtlg ouv0r1reg, ro 6uo n6rotro rou (6rou etrurpoeL6ouq Xutirvo droXtopi(ovror perolu roug ono etroxrorn noooqro uypou, ro ono(o enup6-

6pyery

To ooXeo ror oL opXeLg ou(rlrotjvror edtir enetdl 11 ovonru[q roug oXer((eror orevd ge ro pou$rrlvrro nopo. To 6oyeo (ELr. 2-12,2-15,2-17 ru 2-19). To ooXeo ovonruooeror ond d[o 6eppolr6g npooerpotr6q rou npdoOrou roLtrrorou rorXrirporog, nou tr6yovrot yetAeoooyeixo oyxtiporo Kor r0 0-

rer

no(o rpuoroloytro ouvevdlvovTor yro v0 oXrlporioouv rlvov rpepoge-

en(or1g ono

vo deppolro Outroro (Moore, 19BB). Ie endpevo oro6to ulg ovonruâ&#x201A;Źlq rorepXovror oro ooXeo or opXerg K0r o onepUoTrxog rovog. To doXeo onoretre(ror ono b0o orrpoDeq: ro b6ppo Kor rrlv

trrro-

nepuovlo (llivorog 2-2).Io trenro d6ppo eivorpetroXpoolrd rot purrdopevo, rdroirepo oroug evqi lreq. To ooXeo 6rorpe(ror

trr1g

orrlv enrqoverd rou, ono

r\ poen tou ooyfou

0 i6rog etrurpoerd{g yrr6voq,

vrrou doxru)riou.

To 6oyeo Ko,

rov

opXL

0T0v opXr vo rrve(ror etre0Oepo p6oo

oro ooXeo.

orporoo4 rou oo;1eou (Erx. 2-6, 2-7 ,2-10 ror 2-1 1 , ptr. enioqg Err. 3-24). To 6eppo ror doprog UUq rou ooXdou oyyerdvovror ono H

rov neptveiro rtrodo rrlg Eou otdotiix4q opqpiog ror ono roug rl[trl ordoiixoug rtrodoug qg g4prolog lprnpilg. To doxso oyyer6verot

qu xpepaor4pn apr4pio, rtrodo qg roro enryoorprog oprnpioq. 0r ooXeirSg qlepeg ouvodeuouv lg opqpieq. 0r e[or orDorir6q qtrepeq expotrtrouv otrl 1tt(ova oopqv1 E),epo. H vef poo4 rou oo;1eou (Err. 2-6, 2'7,2-10,2-11,2-13 xot216, ptr. enio4g Err. 3-61). To ooXeo veup6veror ono btorpopo veu-

po. 0 yevvqrLrog rtrodoq rcu aLdoLop4ptxoi ve1pou Xoplyei or-

, oe de(ro Kor oproTe-

oOqrrroug rtrodoug orrlv npooOro Kor oTrq ntrdyreq enupoveLeg rou

po rlptltopro ($tr. ELr. 3-54). H poqn ourn unodltrtrrverrrlv oUQoTs-

doXeou. NeupdveL enfu4q rov xpepaoqpo gu. H npoo0Lo enrqo-

pdntreupl npo5treuo1 rou ooXeou ono ro 1eil,eoooxeiKo oyr6goro. H enrnotrlg nepuovfo orepe(ror tr(noug, otrtro nepL6Xer 6vo trenro Xrr6vo tre(olv puirtlv rvrrrv, ro 6opr6 pu. Enerbrl or [veg rou

vtro rou ooXeou veuptlveror en(o4q ono ooXeirouq rtrodoug rou AoyovoBouBuwxol veApou. 0 neprveirog rtrodoq rcu adotilxou

npoorpuovror oro d6pUo, 1 ouorotrq rou nporotre( purfdtrlorl rou ooX6ou, orov o rorpog ervor rlruXpog, yeyovoq, nou ou;rpotrtrer or1 ptj0Uton rrlg on6trerog 0epporrlrog ono ro d6ppo rou ooXeou. H pu0pLo4

ouul e(vor orlpovrLx4, drol q orepporoyeveoq (o

oX11ro-

rtopog rou on6pporoq) onoue( etreyXogevl Oepporpoo[o. H enLnotrf1g neprrovio rou doXeou ouveXeror npoq T0 epnpog Ue T0 uUsv6deg ev rtrl pd0er ndrotro rrlg enrnotrlg nepuov(og rou npoo0rou

roiltorou rotXtirporog (Err.2-12) ror npoq ro n[otrr

rrlv srrro-

tr19 neprrovlo rou neprv6ou (FI. Keq. 3). H enrnotrrlg neprrov(o, oupnepilopovoprevou

rou doprou puoq, oXrlpori(er oretr6g

dro-

ro ono(o dLoLpei ro ooXeo oe 6e[ro ror oproTrpo qgrlropro, dvo yro rdOe opXr.

QpoyUo rou ooXeou,

0r Xutiveg rou opXetrlq ouvrlXovror pe ro neprptrrqporo rou onepprolrou rovou (Erx. 2-12 xot 2-15A). 0 e[olreptrog Xrrtivog rou opXeorg, 1 e(u ontppanx4 nepLrovfu ouv6Xeror pe rqv ogtirvuprl nepuov[o T0u onepUolrou rovou (l-livoxoq 2-2), 1 ono(o pe

velpou veuptlver rqv on(o0ro enrqovero rou ooXeou evti 11 roro enrtpovero rou ooXeou veuptlveror ono neprveirofg rtrodoug rou onfu9tou pnpodeppouxoA veipou. To trepqoyyeio rou 6o;1eou (ELr. 2-9 r.ot2-22). To treptpoyyero ovtlpXovror pdoo

oqv

enLnotrrlg neprrov(o rou doXeou roL erpotr-

louv oroug enLnoLqq, Boupuvxolq Aeprpadeveg. 0r 6p1erg Kor0r eKeoprlrrxoi n6por roug (Err. 2-15 roL 2-19 pelpr 2-21).0t opXerq, ro njpro ovonopoyoyrKo opyovo rou ovdpo, e(vor drquerg oroerde(g odeveg nou rp6povror ono roug oneppolro0q rovoug ;leoo oro ooXeo. H enLqovero rou opXeorg rotrunretor ond ro ontroXvrro nerotro rou i6rou elurpoerdouq Xrrtrlvo, ertog ono ro orlpe[o onou ouv6Xer0r Ue Trlv enrdrdupfbo xor ro onepporrrd rovo. Mrloo ono ourov ro Xrr6vo pp[oreror o tvtit64g

yrtivoq,

o ono[og onoretrefror ono ouvderrro Loro. 0 opXrg nopo-

rurropo (onepporo(uapro) ror ovbp1169 yevvrllr5g oppoveg (avdpoyovo). To onepporo(oropLo oXqpori(ovTor oT0 or6pporLxa ouA4vopto tou opxetoq, ro onofo ouvev6vovror Kor ox1U0yer yevvrlrLrd

H KOIAIA

179

Kp€Ltootnpto opttlpio

OpxKn opulpio

AnoOuo€rC utC K€Qonh

€

Aprnpio rou onepuo" ilKOj nopou

ntobu Lilooc

Fn66uui6o tn€pLlotrKoc naooc

,ul,to

En66uui6o

'16!oC

K0nnoC nC €n66utji6oC

€nuWoe6fiC

xrt(DVoc (x€inoC rcLthC)

TotxapouKo nitono iAtou tnuWo€60uC xtLavo (x€inoC rcpnc)

tn€pLtouKoC rcvoc

tn€pLtotrKa nnsVLro

tn€pLtoriKoq nopoc ,n€pLtouKti oprnpio

K€Qonh €n6t6ulJi6oC

6t oC € n

uqJo€t

xltevoC OpxtC

Qupd €nrOtAupi6oC

Etxtivo 2-19' A' lltroyto otfrl ovoroptrou nopooreuoollorog opleolg. 0 rdrog etrurpoerdrlg xrrrirvog exer ropei snrunKoq ror exer ovodLntrrgei. B. Avorop4 rou opxeotg K0t rou onepu0rtrou rovou yLo vo rpove i 11 oyyeiolorl. npooe[re rrlv ovoorogool ueiGu rtrlv rprdrv oprqpLtirv. f. rxrlporrrrl nopoorooq 6pXeolg nou de[Xver rupulg ro onepporrrd ntrrlypo rov rptreptirv.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

180

Erxrivu 2-20. 0 opXtg, q entdtbupido Kot 0 onsppoTtKoq n0p0q pero rrlv otpoipeorl ro.lv XLrtirvov roug (Btrene e trrivo 2-19). llo-

poqperore ro erqoplrtxo otrltrlvopto ro ono[o dttlpxovrot ono ro opXrrd O(rruo orrlv reqotrrl rrlg entdtOup(dog. To otltrnvopto ouro y[vovrot etrtroetbfl roL oXrlptori(ouv ro ],oBto qq entbtdupidog, ro onolo onoretrofv rplpo rrlg reqotrrlg rr1q.

'iii' h

IE En€ouottKoC nopoC

K€Oonn €nt6t6uLli6oc

tn€pLiottKoC nopoC

r((ouv 6iKTU0 nopov, rou tr{tYerot opXLKo 6IKTUO (Etr. 2-158). To 6(xruo ouro ouvd6erot pe rrlv rerpotrrl rnq entdtdug(dog 6top6oou 1 5-20 prrpdrv errpop7rxdv ouA4vapiuv KOTO

€nrvoafpro

optnpia BouBovrKoc nopoc

enrdrdupi6o (Err. 2-15 rot 2-19 eoq 2-21).'EXet oxnU0 roU-

oqv dvo Kot orrlv ontoOto 6[o enLqoveto rou dpXeorq. To ov6repo eupf rUnUo, nou treyerot xeEaA1, onorel,elror ono to itiBto rqq enddultilog, ro ono(o ovrtnpootlne6ouv ro notrutll,Lrro ndporo Tov eKQoptlTtKtitv otltrlvop[trlv tou opU0T0q Kot npooquerot

Xeog. M6oo ono ro ootrrlvopLo ouro, ro onepporo(odpto bL6pXovror ono tov opXt orrlv entbtdupt(do. To oatgo r4g eztdtdugldog onoretre[ror ono rov e[oLpertro no],u6trtxro n6po rqq, entddup[doq. To onepgoro(oopto ono0qxeuovTot oTrlv entdtdup(do, onou drdpXovror ro retrrro orodto qg rrlptltovoedtq roug. H oupa rnq ru66u1ti6ag ouveXeror p,t rc onep1arLxo nopo, o ono[og peroq6per T0 onepUoro(trlopro ono rqv entDtdup(do orcu eKlneplnTrcTb

xo n6po, on'onou 0o elor0rl0ouv Err. 3-29 xor 3-30).

ollv ftpllToTxn oupn1pa

(Blt.

tn€pLtoto60xoc KU OTN

npoamrnC

fnpovy66nc oupnepo tn€pLtouKoC nopoc

EnbrouLti6o

yevvlrtro

rou ov0po. l-lpoo6lre ort o onepprorLrog nopog nopeuetot novo ono rov opXt, eto6pXerot orov tiltrotrnq gouBorvrro DorruLto rot DtdpXerot ptlotl rou BouBtrlvtt<00 nopou. To onepporo(oopto nopoyovrot on6 rov opXt rot eto6pXovrot oTnv eErxdvo 2-21. To

Eon0oupti0poioC oOtvoc

ouorrlpto

nrdrdupr(Do, 6nou onoOqreu0vr0t Kot ttptpo(ouv.

0ouvror pl6ool ouprl0po.

rou

Irrl

ouveXeto npoul-

onepportrou Kot T0u toKntpporLorLro0 nopou orrlv

H KOIAIA

181

Euoua 2-22. H trepqrrrl nopoXereuorl rou cioXeourot rov opXeov. A. To opXrro ieprpoyyelo ovepXovror T0 onspU0TIK6 rovo ror erBotrtrouv oroug

ooquiroug K0r oTOUq npoooprrroug treptpodeveg. To Leprpoyyeio rou ooXeou erBotrtrouv oTouq enrnoLlg BouBtovLr<ouq trepqodeveg n0u onrrKo_ vl(ovror orrg erxriveg A rot B. ,*'

' i::' i 16il if t. 5n*

f,r. li

I j i

tl ,::..liij'j:,t .,: :if,':,r:j,:::. ,: r','' ,,,',l,-.

11.

at.

0aflJiKor n€LtOo6€v€c

Enerdd to npooer0 rprqpdpro rou ooXeou veup6veror ruplurg ono ro 01 veuporopro rou voloiou puetrou, p6oo Tou troyovopoupcrrvtrou xol rou ordorog4prrou veupou, evdl ro onlo0ro duo rpuqptipro rou rioXeou veuptilvovror

rupltog ono to 03 veuporopro prdotrl rou neprveirou xor rou on(o0rou UnpodspUoTIKoU veupou, 4 volo(o ovoro04oio 0o

npdner vo dpooer oe u{4ldTepo enlnedo npoxerp6vou vo ovoro0rlronorrl0er rrlv npdo0ro enrqovero rou tioXeou. H nopouo(o gero rr1 yrivv4o4 undpgerpqq nooorrlrog uypou oTlv etrurpoerdrl onoquorl tr6yeroL udpot<7A4.Io ptye0oq qg udpoxrltrrlg e[oproror ond ro nooo ovorrr4 e(vot r; etrurpoeL0rlg ondguor1. Bpdrp4 pe quorotroyrxo onoqpoy-

p6vq etrurpoerdrl ondtpuo4 gnope( vo nopouord(ouv unotretppolxo nepuovoixo uypri orqv roildrrlro tou (drou el,urpoerdoug XLrc0vo (Erx. 2-158), otrtro ouvriOurg ourd ro uypo onoppotpdroL xoro rq 6ropxero rou nporou 6roug. 0pLog6veg no0otroyrx6g xoroordoelg (n.X., giopn Ko/r1 Qtrsy-

govq rr;g enrdtdugidog) gnope( vo odrlyqoouv oe qil{ton rou uyporj rou (drou etrurpoerdoug Xu6vo, pe onor6treopo u6pot<r:,A4 rou lpXeug xoL droyxoorl rou doXeou. ALltotor4A4 rou lpyeug treyeroL

outrtroyr1 oiporog

oqv rodo_

Trlr0 T0u (6rou etrurpoeL0otlg Xu6vo, ouXvo e{ouiog rpou_ poloporj rou 6oXeou q rou dpXetog, o ono(og nporotrer ptrdpq rolv oyyeiov nou neprpotrtrouv

rov 6pXL (Erx. 2-1 gB) xor eloodo o(gorog orrlv roildr4ro rou rd(ou etrurpoerdofg Xudlvog.

NeonLoopolxo xuttopo npoepXdpevo ono dyxo rou dpyeog gnope( vo e{onlo0ouv pe tregrpoyevfl dtoonopo

orc oorpuixa AepgoyoyyAto, ev6 o roprivog rou

doXeou peO(ororoL orcenLnoA7g pouBuvLxa AepqoyayyALa (Err. 2-

9 xot 2-22). Ynorunor6erg 0op6g pnopei vo nopoqpq0orjv yupo ono rov 6pXr xor rrlv enr6rdup(do, drov drovoryei o

drog etrurpoeLD4g Xucirvog (Erx. 2-19). Aur6g or6op6g ovlnpooolneuouv grrpo unorunoldrl unotre(pgor0 Tov yrvvrln-

't82

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

etroltoro (Etr. 2-23) rot trtlyovrot onto1onepLtovolxo opYava. Atrtro opYovo, onolq ro ovtov rotrov, npoBotrouv neprooorepo oTOV neptTovoixo ooro rot ro),fnrovrot rot ortg 600 or veqpot, npopotrouv

K6v nopov Tou epppUou (Moore, 19BB) xot onovltog oveupioxovrot, err6g edv nopouotooouv no0otroytx6q otrtrottit-

oerg. H an6guo4 rou 6pyea9 ovrtnpooulneUet xuortx6 undtreLUUo rou xerpotrrrou orpou rou n0pope00veqpLxori no-

'0pyovo onog o oropontreup6q roug ono neptrovoto (Etx.2-241).

ooro rot Xoq Kot 1 vrlortdo, npopotrouv evretrcilg 0r0v rtptTovoiro neprpotrtrovrot ntrnpolq ono ro ontroXvtro neptrovoto. To neptrovoro oXrlpor((etrcu opoyovo ltrarrro our6v rolv opyovtov, ro ono(o

pou (rou e;rBpuirof yevvlrtrou n6pou oq yuvoiro) rot npootp[erot orov ovto ndtro rou opxeoq (Etr<. 2-19A). H o-

noluln tr19 endtdultiloq ovrtnpooone0et undLetgpto rou xeqotrtrof drpou tou peooveqptrof ndpou (rou eUFpuirou

npoorpuovrot oro onloOto xot],toxo roiXopo prloor 6uo ouvevtrlptlvolv nerotrolv rou neptrovolou, nou Ltlyovrot peourepLo (Ev 2-23

yevvqlrou ndpou orov ovdpo) ror npootpuerot oTrlv KeQotrfl rrlq entdrdupidoq. Aur6q o ndpog rot ro peooverpptro

rot 2-244). 'Orov evo opyovo npopotrtret 0r0v reptTovoiro ooxo, peroqdper go(t rou ro oyye[o rot ro vefpo Tou, T0 ono[o evronl(ovTot Uero[u rurv duo nerotrurv rou neptrovofou nou oxlUor((ouv ro peoe-

ootrrlvopto nou oXer((ovrot pe ourov tpuototroyLro oXl;rori(ouv ro erqoprlrtxo otltrrlvdpLo Kot rnv entdLdupido. To opnoXprlorponoiqro rprlporo xovovtt<d ertputr((ovtot, otrtro dprou onoq(oetg pe( vo nopope[vouv t<ot vo oXrlporioouv

vrepLo. Merol0 rotv 6tio ourtlv nerotrutv unopXet enLonq Xotropoq ouvdertroq Loroq, o ono(og nept6Xet nolr[].0 opr0pto trLnoxurro-

xe0jq Kot Tqq entot0uuto0q. 0 onep ltorLt<6q nopoq nept66vetot optporepdntreupo

lto vo yivet ouq n eYxeLpnorl po(erropr!, nopog nopooxeuoonepportrog o nou tr6yeror (eroL rot ortg 6rio ntreup6q ;re roprl rou ovtrl rotXtlporog rou ooXeou (Fanow, 1989). Mero rn Bo(erroUrl dev tp0dvouv ntr5ov onepUoro(tlopt0 oTnv ouprlOpo (Etr. 2-21) ge onoretreopto vo erqutri(ovrot orrlv entdt6ugfdo Kot 0T0 roro

nou 6youv peoevrEpto eivot xLvrlra oe FoOUd nou eloprorot ono ro prlroq rou peoevrep(ou' Ko06q ro ovonruooopevo opyovo 6teup0vovrot, onoqpoooouv rrlv neplrovoixtl pov"

rr1 ore(poor1 ovOptilv.

onAoXVo

rorlorrlro oXedov ntrnpurq. l-t'outo peto

rr1 Yevvnon

1 neptrovoi-

prrpl noooqro zerou ontroXvtro[ rot TotxoUoTtro[ r0u ptovailxol uypod Uerolu nerotrou. KoO6q ro epppuiro opyovo npootropBovouv rrlv 0ptoTtrrl 0eon r0uq, rl neptovaixrl xottr6t4ta dtotpelrot oe b0o neptrovorro0g Outrot<oug, to pe(ova rot rov eidooova 1AAoxo Tou reptrr1 rottrorrpo eivot povo Duvqrtrog Xd)poq, pe

onepportxo nopo. Ev rodrotg to erxpi;:oro rov tntKouprrd:v yevvrlrtxtbv obtivtlv (n.X., rov onepporod6Xov rri-

rovo(ou. H Xetpoupyrrrl ropq oro npoo0to rotLtoro roiXtrll.io odqyei oto pei(ovo neprovo[Ko 1uAoxo.0 etrooourv 00troroq, yvtlorog org enrntroixt5q 0ritroxoq, Bptorerot n(oo ono ro orogoXo, ro 6-

oreov) elorotrou0otiv v0 eKonepUoTtilvovrot

troooov en[n],ouv rot ro flnop (Etx.2-23 rot 2-28). H nepLrovoirrl

To neptr6voto

KorASrnrs

KCII

n nePlrovdiKtl

To nepuovoto eivot trenrog, \toEovqq, op66nq upevaq,

ono[oq onoretre[rot ono duo n6rotro. To neptrovoto nou enevdfel ro rortrroro roiXttlto tr6yeroL roryuparx1 ntptTovatl (Etx 2-12), evtf ro nepuovoto flou rol,0nret ro ontroyXvo tr6yerot onAoyvtx1 nept6vato (Etr. 2-23). Kot ot duo runot rou neplrovolou onoretrouvror ono govoottpo ntror6deq ent0r1trto, nou Leyerot peoo9rl-

xorLoqro e(vot

rletorl

oroug ovrpeq, otrtro ortq yuvo[reg tntKot-

vove( pe ro neptpotrtrov dLoptloou rov trloytilytilv, rrlq plrpoq xot

rou rotreou. ro nepttovoto uno(n'X., xord rq neproxrl ore( Btropq rl orporpeOe( ono rdnoto Otopreto eylerprloerrlq), rq duo n6rotro tou neptrovoiou pnopei vo ouyrotrtrq0oriv pero[ri roug oXqpori(ovrog oultEdv

Ueoo0ntrto nou oXrlpor((et

rprjoerq. 0t ouprp0oeLq nopot<totrtiouv rtg quototroyLrdg

ottq rov ontrdXvtrlv.

H roUn n trrior1

rtvtl-

rov oulttpuoeov roro

rr1

iro.

6ropxeLo XetpoupYtrnq eneppooetlg tr6yerot ouprpuot1Au-

opdrdeg ouro uypo rover otrtoO1p69 rtg entqoveteq TOU neprrovolou, entrpenovrog oro ontroXvo vo otrto0olvouv ro 6vo

ou;up0oetq (roLvteq tvdrdoug torou) nt0ovov oqeitrovtot oe

To rorXoportro xot ro onLoXvtxo neroLo rou neplrovo(ou 6toXopi(ovror pero[u roug ono ],enrororo orptirgo nepnovaixo1 u-

ypol. Io

novol oro otrtro Xop(g rptPq. H dLoro[n rou neptrovolou oTov evrltrtro qo(verot ooronl rot nepintroxrl, eov dev trrlQOouv un'dUl ot geropotr6q Kot 0t Tp0r0n0t-

4oerg nou utpiororot roro rr1 dLopreto qq ovonru[nq rou. Iro npdlgo eUppuo ro neptrovoto e[vot evog eupug ooroq nou eiltv6uer ro rotltitgoro rrlg roilLorrlq rottrorrpoq. 0t roropotr6g rolv ontroxvov evronl(ovrot 6[or ono ourov rov ooxo orov e[oneptrovoiro roro (l-livoxog 2-2).Ze per6nelro orddto qg npdttprlq e gppuixlq neptodou, ro ontroXvo roOtirg ovonr[000vT0t, npoBotrtrouv oe norriLo Bo0uo ornv neptrovotrrl rottrorlro. MepLro opyovo onog

o4. Iuvrl0oq roro qv eyXetprloq ro eqontopevo ndrotro rou neprrovofou e[vot ouYrotrtrng6vo (Etx. 2-35). Aut6g ot rptreypovrl (n.X.,

neprrovildo). 0 XepoupY6q pnopei ouvl-

0og vo )rrioet our6g rLg ouptp0oetg pe to donutrd rou. optop6veg noOotroytr6g rorootooetg, rl reptTov0ixfl xottrdqro pnopei vo 6toro0e[ Kot v0 oxrlpoTioet eupu (udpoXorpo nou vo nept6Xet geptro tr(rpo uypou. Aoxir4q

neptrdvoto) e(vot 1 outrtroyn optiDouq uypou ot1v rtptro-

voirrq xoilorqro. Exrerop6veg peroorooetg ropxtvtrtiv xundptov nporotro0v r4v e[(dpoor; oortttxotj uypof , ro onoio ouXvo eivot otporrlpo rot nept6Xet roprLvtxd x0rropo. H

nopouoio uYpou ornv neptrovoixrl xottrorrlto ovTtTlpooo-

H KOIAIA

'Enoaaov

183

tLottoxoc

€ninnouv

f o ot p o on n n w K oc

vO € oLto

npooerc tnnoxvrKo ntnno n€Ptrovoiou (Konint€| fo onnnvo)

nunoio tpto60

f I

Hnnr,^,, nor,ra,n Xodn6oxaa nopoc

Lnudoto

(ttt60

Totxot-toLrKo

n€rono

n€0ttovoiou

EntnnoiKo tptiuo

fotxdlJofrKo nsLono

n€pttovoiou

Onioeo AptoT€tJoC v€QpoC

A€Etoc v€Aooc KouD Koinn Qn€Bo

Etxtivo 2-23' EyKopoLo T0Url K0tlt0q or0 sn[ile00 rou 0ntnlotKou rp1p0T0q rtou de(XVer Tnv opr(gvrrq exroorl rou enrntrgiK6u 0utrorou. llpooelrod,torrl roiloqro eXet verppoetdrlq oxnpo, eneLdl npoBotrtrouv prloo oe ourrlv q onovdutrrrrl oT1ll Kor ro peyotro oyyero. To petroq derTrlv n0pe[0 n0u ot<o],ou0eI To D0KTUIo, otpo0 0Ltl],0e1 U6oo T0u enrn],oiKorj rprlporog, yro vo rp0ooer XV0t rlv nilrl r0u on],1vo. Te OTt

UdXpr

6r0T0p0Xrl Uero(u qg roXuqroq r0poyoynq Tou uypou Kor rnq ortoppoQnoeoq rou onci ro nepLrdvoro. A-

rsuer

oeeve(q Ue npoxoprlgdvrl nnoTrKn vdoo (n.X.,

Kepuoil

ou-

vrl0oq nopouord(ouv ooxirr;.

pn€n rou evrepou, trrlyrrl dronepoolrof rpouporoq (n.X., ond poXorpg 11 rtreror4q xoLhor4g BIoBnC (n.X.,

ono rpoXolo or[X4po) oepr0 Kor evreprrci nepteXcipevo 0o eroeLOouv oTrlv neprrovoixfl rodrir4ro . H pn€n rprlporog

Tlu yoorpevrepxol ouAr1vo

eXer og onor6treopo rqv o0Boroq ele00epou o6po rdro on6 to drorppoygo yeyovdq nou pnopei vo 6ronroroOef pe oxlvoyporp(eg rrlg roLtr(og. Arotpopor opor Xp4orponorouvrol yro Tnv repryporpl

rov

brorgo-

ptirv rpqporov rou neprrovo[ou Kor rrlq nepuovoixlg roLtrorrlrog. AuroI or opor elvor or eiqg: peoevrepro, enlnlouv, ouvdeopor, nruX6g ror

Erxiuu 2-24. IX4portreq onrrKoviorrq rou opleyovou Usosvrsprou rou noXdog evrepou oe DLorpopo orodro qg evoulportiroeog Tou oro on[o0ro ror],roxo roiXol-ro. To Betroq deiXver rqv noporo],rrr1 ou],oro onou T0 iteprontroyXvLo neprrdvoLo npooqueror or0 T0rXoJUoTrKo neprrovoro r<or onou yiveror ropq r<oro qv rrvqrono[101 rou evr6pou nprv on6 qv eyXe ip1o1 (n,X. rou ovrovrog rotrou). Meprrds Qopeq ro ovrov ror ro rorrov rotrov eXouv ppoXu peoevrepro oov ouro nou qotveror oro oXrlpo B.

roindlgoro.

Meoevr6pro (Ev. 2-23 rot 2-24). To peoevrepro ovlnpoooneuer drnlrj nEroAo rou neptovo[ou, nou neplrtre(eL ronoro opyov0 Kor T0 ouvdeer pe ro rol),roro ro(Xtrr1ro. To eoorreprro Tov Uto€vreplorv onoretre(ror ono Xotropri ouvderrro roro, o ono[og nep16Xet norr[],0 opr0po trrnorurropo.rv roL trepqoD6vrov, r<o0drg ror dre pXogevo npoq r0 ontroXvo oyye(o ror veupo. To peoevrepro rou oropdXou trdyeroL peooyaoryn, evul ro peoevrepro rou eyxopolou

rdtrou l6yeror eyrapoLo peo1xoAo. To ntr6ov xrvqro rprlporo rou evr6pou dro06rouv peoewepro (n.X. ro eyroporo ro),ov ror 6),0 oXebov ro trenro evrepo). lVleprro ontroXvo dev 6Xouv ;leoevr6pro xol eivor elornepuovoixo 11 onro0onepuovoiro (n.X., ro ovrov ro),ov ror or veqpoi). Auro ro dpyovo enrxo0ovror oro on(o0ro ror-

trroro ro[Xrrrpo rol rotrunrovror oTrlv npoo0ro enrqovero roug ono neprrovoto.

184

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Enintrouv (Err. 2-23 ror 2-25).

To enintrouv onorstrs[drni-

roAo EAAo r7 nruy7 rou neptovo[ou. To 6loooov roL ro pe[(ov en[n],ouv ouvdrlouv ro oropoXo Ue T0 oogoTrKo ro(Xrrllro rot otrtro

rorLloro opyovo. To etroosov enintrouv (Etx.2-26 eog 2-28

r<or

nruX1 rou neprrovo(ou, nou ouvdeer ro el,oooov

2-67). Anoretref

ro[o rou oropoXou

ror rqv eyyug ;rolpo rou doderodorrutrou U€ T0 [nop. Eni Uepouq, or ouvdeoerg our6g Xoporrqpi(ovror a\ nftlTlyooryrcog oAvdeo1loq Kor 4narodudt,t<o1oruuAxoq olvdeopoq. To 6troooov en(ntrouv Bp[oreror n(oo oro rov opLorepo tropo tou nnoroq Kot npoorp0eror oro qnop otlu o1Aaxo rou QAe|ddouq ouvd1oltou (ro u-

nopoug 1 onoqpoypdvo epppuiro oyyeio (n.X. or niciyreg xor or 6\a oprpoAoxuonxeq nruyeg).

Kotrn6poro neprrovoiou (Err. 2-28 ror 2-65). Ie oprop6veg 06oerg ro neprrovoro eyroLn6veror ror oXrlpor((er ru11 orrltrlvtirderq roilorrlreg nou e(vor xtreror6q oro dvo orpo, ev6 ge ro dtrtro orpo expdtrtrouv orrlv neprrovoirrl ror-

qtrouq 0utrorouq

Irrl vrloldodtrrderodorrutrrrrl Xdrpo undpxouv ouv1Oorg 6uo n rp(o neprrovoiro xotrnulporo. Iqv eileoruqtrrxrl Xdrpo unopXer evo onrc)orurpAxo xdAnupo pe ro ono(o 11 neprrovoixrl rortroqro.

troqro enexrelveror npog ro

ovtrr,

n(oo ono ro ruqtrd. IuXvo,

orortrqroeLdflg onoquorl $p(oreroL peoo oe our6 ro rotrnorpo.

notrerppo rou rptrepdrdoug ndpou rou epppriou (lVloore, 1988). l-lpo-

oqueror enfoqg orqv nAAq rou 1naroq,, r4v eyxopoto otjtroro qg rdror enrtpoverog rou rlnorog, dropdoou rrlg ono(og eLodpXovrot

Ar o p e p fo 1t crr a r qg n e p

e[epXovror ono ro finop o Xotrlrpdpoq nopoq, oyyeio rot veUpo. nruX1 rou neprrovoiou, nou rpeperor ono ro pe[(ov rolo rou oro-

rou xortrlrrlpou oxpou rou pei(ovoq enrntrdou onoxol,unrer ort ourl q eupey50qg nruXrl rou nepuovo[ou go(i pe ro eyroporo rol,ov ror ro eyroporo peoorotro oXlpor[(ouv rol oov

1-roXou ror ouvdeer ro oroproXo pe ro drotppoy;lo, ro ontrrlvo ror ro eyroporo rotrov. Aurri q d(tputrtrr1 nepLrovoir1 nruXrl rovovtro ouve-

poqL nou drorpe[ rqv nepuovoirrl roilorrlro oe uneprotrrro xor unorotrrro 6rop6pLo1ro.

rrov diK4g xo A61 4ro g

To pei(ov enintrouv (Etw. 2-25 eog 2-28). Anoretrel trtndtdrl

vdrveror roro

dLopxero

o{LrlLqq

eUBpuirrlq (olnq, onoQpoooo-

rov rpdno ro rorto rol,norpro rou enrntroirou 0utrdrou. 'Eror, ro pei(ov en(n),ouv, nou poro(er pe noDro, anorcAt[rot aruo reooepa neprcovaixo nttaAa, ro onoio pnoporjv ev geper vo droXtrrprorouv orov evr1trLxo, npoylro nou y[veror ouXvd nporerg6vTuq Ue ourov

vou v0 npooretroo0ef Xerpoupyrxo o enrn],oirog Outroroq Kor rl 0nlo0ro enrqovrlo T0u oropoXou. To pei(ov enlntrouv nepr6Xet nor-

rfir1 noooqro e[oneprrovoirou ror ],rndldoug rorof. Ie rorroXvo oropo ro pef(ov enlntrouv prnope( vo e(vot trenro oov rputrtro Xoppopog.

rtou, evril oe roXuoopro oropo 6Xer oqprovrtrd ndXoq ror Elvor ouvrlOtrlg oprero gorpu, tlore vo q0over peXpr qv nuetro, otrtro oro nrulporo ouvrlOrr:g e(vor ouveorotrg6vo, rirore pe duoxotr[o vo r<otrunrer ro evrepo. Arpou ror6tr0er npoq T0 roro p6Xpt qv nuetro, ro pe[(ov en(ntrouv ovoropnrer roL npoorpueror oro eyroporo xotrov, ro ono(o nopeueror eyroporo oqv roil,[o og6otrlg rorut ono ro oropoXo (Etx.2-27 ror 2-28). fleprrovoixoi orivdeopor (Erx. 2-25). 0t neprooorepor ouvdeopor onorei,ouv drntro n6rotro neprrovolou, ro ono[o ouvd6ouv dvo opyovo (n.X., ro rlnop) pe ronoro otrtro opyovo 1 pe ro rodtot<o ro[Xul1ro. 0r ouvdeopor ouro( pnopel vo nepreXouv orgorlopo oyyeio

H ovoonooq

unotreipporo oyyefotv (n.X. o bpenovoerdflq ouvbe-

opog nepreXer rov orpoyyutro ouvdeogo, o ono(og ovTrrrpoooneuet unoLelppo rqg oprpotru<r1g qlepoq rou egppuou). fro nepryporpL-

rouq troyoug, ro pel(ov enfntrouv drorpe(ror oe rp(o rprlporo: (1) ro rp1po nou poro(er pe nodro, trdyeror yaoryoxoALr6q olvdeopoq rot npooq0eror oro eyroporo xotrov, (2) ro oprorepo rp4po, nou trdyeror yootpoonAqvu<og o1vdeopog npoorpueror oro ontrrlvo ror rov ouvdeer pe ro pei(ov ro[o rou orogdXou roL (3) ro ovdrepo rplpo tr6yerot yoorplQpevxoq, oAvdeopoq Kor npooqueror oro drorppoylro.

fleprrovoix6q nru16g (Err. 2-12). 0r nepuovoir6g nruX6g onore),ouv 0v0K0grlsrq rou neprrovo(ou pe oXeDov oorprl opro. IuXvo oXrlgor((ovror ono nepuovoro nou rotrunrel orlrorpopo oyye[0,

uneprotrrx6 6rop6propo (Ex. 2-25, 2-281 rot

2-65).

To drop6prolro our6 dlorpelroL oe prrporepo rprlporo n X6pouq ono ro dpenouoed4 o1vdeopo. To de{rd Kor To oproTepo nprlo0ro

unodnrppayportxl x6Anupo evron[(ovror perol0 iqq roro enrqoveroq Tou drorppdygorog Kor Tov ovol enrqovet6v rou 6e[rou ror rou optorepo[ tropou rou lnorog. fo 4narcveEpx6 xdAnupo evron[(erot perolu qq rdrtrl enLqoveroq Tou delrorj troBou rou qnoroq Kor rou 6e[rou veqpo0.

unoxofux6 6rop6propo (Err. 2-28t). To dropepropo ourd drorpe[ror ono ro peoevr6pro rou ],enrou evr6pou oe 6elro roL To

opLorepo unoxoAu<o 6norr1po. Aoyol

qq lo€nq

qopoq Tou Ueorvre-

ro delrd unorotrLro dLoor;po evronl(eroL ndvo ror 6e[ro, evtir ro oprorepo unorotrrrrj bropriprolro Bp(oreror xdro ror opLorepd. Ie opeoq oX6oq pe ro ovrov rol ro rolov rotrov pplor<ovror ep[ou,

nrprlrl evrunopoTo, r0 napaxoALra xoAndparu fl outroreg (Err. 224A ror 2-2Bl). Trloo orrl delLd, doo Kor oTrlv oprorepl ntreupo noporrlpoUvror ;leoo xor ntrdyro noporotrtro rotrntl;roro (ouvdeoUsvo U€ ro ovr6v ror ro rotrov rdtrov, ovr[ororXo). To de{Lo nAo-

nopaxoAu<o xoAnupa eXer Ldro(repl o1;roo(o yro Touq Xerpoup-

yotlg eneLdq ouv6Xeror rpoq T0 novul ;le rc nnoroveqpxo x6Anugo (Err. 2-65) r<or errog ourou pe rov enrn,loix6 11Aoxo Kor Ue ro rou (ELr. 2-2BA)- llpog ro roro ro 6e[rd ntroyro noro eu0uruolrd r6l,nolpo oro oppevo dropro (pI. Err. 3-33) r<or pe ro eu0upqrprrd rotrnogo oro 0r1treo oropo (pI. Err. 3-34). Iro duo ntroyro qg onovdutrrrrlq orrllng BploreroL evo nopoonovdutrrr6 rotrnopo r1 outroxo, nou nepreXeL ro veqpo, rov ouprlrlpo ror p6pog rou noX6og evrdpou. dvor rdtrntrllro

por<otrrrd xotrnropo ouv6Xeror pe

H KOIAIA

Kof t ouao 0e pct

Aauvt) OnEgcl

185

Kn oopil1

O0oAovoc

M€ta|v e0aoKtKoc noooc

nsptKopOtoKoC 00noKoc

Kore Konn Qn€Po

AroQpoVLto

tdi

Ap€ n ovo€

n 11 € u p

oivOs

ot toC

o 6 t o Q p o V l.r o t t K o C

KOnn OC

Xonn60xoc KUoul M€i<ov €ninnouv E€e noEoC LtuC

Eae no€oc l-luc

EVK

opat oc

ot n to

Lru

OpAoC KotnnKoC l-tuC

Errdvo 2-25. To nepreXdpevo rqg roLtriog prerd qv oqoLpeol rou 0orpoxororLrorou rorXrlporoq.

To pei(ov en(nLouv onorpener

npooxotrtrrl0q Tou onl,oXvrroU neprrtivoLou, nou roL[nrer ro evrepo 0To Tor-

Xopolro nepudvoro, ro ono(o enevduel ro np6o0ro rortrroro ro[Xto1-ro. XopLg orrl orlpovrLr<r1 rrv4rLrdr4rd Tou Unope[ vo perovoore0oer npoq rd0e neproX4 r4g roLtr[og rot vo neprru),rX0ei yfpto ono onoLobrlnore opyovo nou qtreypo(ver, n.X., q oro:Lqroerdrl on6quor1. Enerdrl ro Ue((ov en(ntrouv npoorare1a Kot neptxopat<fvet 14 gAeypovrl ev6g opydvou an6 r4 \nonopo rr1g oe oAAo opyava, ono-

rol,e(ror "ooruvogrrdg rrlg nuritrou". H droipeo4 rrlg nepuovoirflg rod6rrlroq os nsprrovoird rotrn6goro 6Xel xtrrvLrrl o1;roo(0, ooov orpopo oqv e-

[dntroon noOotroyrrtirv uypcirv (n.X., o(porog), ro ono(o e(vor duvortjv vo eprpovrorodv oTrlv neprTovoir1 xoildqro,

drov ronoro dpyovo ndoXeL 11 6Xer rpoulrorLo0e(. 0uorotroyrxo, ro rotrntiporo ourd enrrorvtrrvorjv pero[f rouq, otrtro pnopo0v vo 6roXcoprorouv ond ouprpuoerg perolu rou flrprrovo(ou Kor Tov ontroXvrrtv (ELr. 2-35).

O entnAoix6g 9iAoxog 0

enrntroir<og Outroxoq (eAooouv 11Aoxog rou

neptovoiou) o-

noreLeI eupu dropdprogo 11 rotrnopo qg nepLrovoirrlq roilorlroq, ro ono[o evron((eror perol0 rou oropoXou ror rou onlo0rou rod,rorou rorltirporoq (Err. 2-23, 2-27 xu2-28).0 enrntroirog 0utroroq evron((eror enloqg n[oo ond ro e],oooov enintrouv ror ro oropoXo. Ko0tig ro npoo0ro rot ro onlo0ro roLXo-rpo rou enrn],oirou Outrorou oLro0o(vouv onotro

ro evo novo oro otrtr0, o enrni,oirog Outroroq e-

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

186

i ri

\\\)L

PtvtKn

Kon)tnto

\\\ \ -:n\ Y'\

fndaao eopuvvo opuyvtKtl

AapuVyoc

)*",*r,* Aux€vtKri ttoipo

Tpox€io

OtooQctyoC

KotntoKh Ltoipo

trolJoxoC

Hnop

tnnnvoc Aptat€pn KontKi KoLrnh

Xonn6oxoc

Ki arn

EvKopoto Kodov EyKopoto Konov

Kotrov KAnov Nnou60

Avrov Konov

Errl€oc E tn€oruQn

Ko orol,ilo Kot Bon Pt6o TUQNA

tKonnKo€rOtiC onoOuon

,tvuoE6€c

novKo€oc A€Ercc V€Qpoc

Erxrivo 2-26. To nenrlro ouorrlpo K0r | oxeo1 T0u Us ro ovdlrepo ovonveuorrro ouoqpo. A. H yoorprxq o-

ro oropo UsXpr TOV npo116. B. 0 ro noyrpeog, or vetppoL ror ro DotDerodo-

Ooq exrelveror ono on),r1vog,

rlv 000rpsorl rou oropoXou. t0u rln0T0q rou n0xtoq evrepou.

<tutro pero KOr

Aa6EKo6oKLUno

OuptltnpoC

H KOIAIA

147

Enooaov Fninnouv OtaoAavoc

Ap€novo€6nc oAv6€ouoc

ttoLtoxoC AtoQtJoyLto

7n nn€upo

,#Hilil

ntnn rou inotoC EnnnoiKo

tPiUo

Xonn6oxoC KUOTN

nn€upo AnOpoVLtdttKoC KOnnOC

10n nn€upo

1oC

nnsuptKoC

xovaooc

.Ei

i t:

)

foorpoKontKn Ltoipo lJ€ilovoC €nrnnoou

np6oeto 6Qn

AvooroLtoon mC 6€AoC Lts

EVKdpoto Konov nou npopodn€r ptoo ono Evo oouvneioto xoolto rou Lt€izovoc €ntnnoou

tn v opt ott pn Voorp€nn oprnpio

n oi

Etriuo2-27. Avoroptrd nopooreuoolto oropoXou rot rtrlv enlntrorov nou oXerr(ovror pe ourov. 0 oro;roXog eler n),r1pu.rger pe odpo rvo ro qprorepd rpl;.to rou lnorog eXet otporpe0eL. l'lopoqpetore ort 11 npdlq r1 ovo porpo rou OoderoDorrutrou onotppoooer oXe66v ro enLntroLro rplpro 1reqotr1 Beloug).

ilrrptna

orlgovrLr6g rrvloerg rou orogdXou, ro069 ror rrlv etreu0e-

p1 olio0qorl rou novor orov enln),oiro 0utroro rord

ouorotrtirv Kor

enerrooq

dropxeLo rtov drorooedrv rou. 0 enrnl,oixog 0utrorog onoretre( ruprog nepuovoixrlg rortrorrlrog p6oo oqv eyroLnolToJV

pdvq de[ro ntreupd rou poXrolou geoevrep(ou rou orogoXou (yoorpr-

ro peoevrepro). H npoq ro roro enerroorl rou enrn),oirou 0utroxou, nou ovopo(erot xaru xdAnupo (Err. 2-28A) evron[(eroL perolu rov 6tntr6v nerotrtrlv r0u y00Tp0Kol,Lrou ouvddopou rou pei(ovog enrIroug evqAkoug rc xatu xoAnupo rcu enLnAoilxol 1uAaxou onoreAe( duv4uro 1arpo. Iuvrl0og elvol onoro;.rp6vo ono ro rupro rptlpo rou enrn),oixori 0utrorou, troyur ouprpuoeov Tolv rputrtrov rou ntroou.

yoorporoLrrou ouvd6o;rou (Eu. 2-28B). 0 enLntroir<og 0utrorog nopouoro(eL en[oqg 6vo ovor rotrnopo (Err. 2-2BA) ro ono[o npoq T0 novto otpop((eror ond ro Ororppoypo ror ro on(o0ro ndrotro Tou or0rpovto[ou ouvdeogou (Etr. 2-48). 0 enrntroirog 0utroxog entxorvrrlve( pe rqv rupro neprrovoir4 rorLorrlro (gei(ovo 0utroro rou nepuovol-

ou) dropeoou rou enrntroixorl rpriporog (rpr1;.roroq rou Winslow), ro ono(o evron[(eror nloul ono ro etreuOepo Xeitrog rou etroooovog e-

nrnioou (Erx.2-27 roL 2-2BA). To enrnioixo rprlpo eivor ouvrl0oq

qv e(oodo drjo doxrutrov. Opro rou enrnAoixori rprjporog (Erx.2-21,2-33 ror 24B). To opro rou enrntroixou rprlgorog elvor ro e[r1g: /7pog ro opxero eup0 tirore vo enup6ner

rynp6g q nutro[o qtrepo, 4 rlnorLr4 opqp(o ror o Xotrqqopoq nopog (otro rouq pplorovroL peoo oro etre0Oepo Xeitrog rou etroooovog enLntroou), nplg ro nbu r, rata roilq rptrepo roL ro delr6 oretrog rou drorppoylroroq, npoq ra novu o reprorpopog trop69 rou 1norog Kor npoq ru t<oru I nptirq po[po rou 6ode roOorrutrou, q nutrolo

qlepo, 4 rlnolul opqp(o ror o Xotrqtpdpog nopoq.

llopol dev e(vor ouvr10rog6vo, 5trrreq rou trenrou evr6pou pnope[ vo dr6tr0ouv peoo rou enrntroirou rprlpoToq oTov enrntroiro 0utroro Kor v0 ulooTouv nepiorprlrl o-

188

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

EntnnoiKdc

ttolLoxoq

OunoKoc

naVKp€oC

Yn€pKonkoC 0onoLtoC Apt

ot€ p t1 Kont Kn KoLtn n

EvKoooto u€ooKona

EyKopoto Konov A€€to KonKn KoLtnh

KontKi torvio

A€€to nopoKontKh

oinoKo A€€t0C unoKontKoC

xdpoc

AptarspoC unoKontKoC

xaooc

Elxtivo 2-28. A roL B: 0Betrtoieq T0p6q Koilioq. A. H rororopurpq drrooq Tou enrnLoiKou ouiorou, B. H ouvrlvooq Tov neTq1ov rou psi(ovog e11 ouv6vtrtoq TOu Ue T0 peoevrepto rou eyroporou roLou. f. 0 uneprotrrrog ror o unorolrrog 0otropoq perd rqv otpoipeol

ntn),oou, ro069 rol

rou Ue[(ovoq enlntr6ou.

H KOIAIA

189

trenrororo orptirlro uypou, evtir 1 roilroxrl xorl,orr;ro rorotroppoveror ono ro nepudvoro r0r r0 rorl,roxo ontroXvo (ELx. 2-

Xer 6vo

Ie eyroporo ToUrl, n rortrrox4 roltrorrlro 6Xer verppoerdrig oXrlgo, enerdfl ;16oo oe our4v npopotrl,er 1 onovdutrrrl or4tr1 (Err. 2-23).

r0r ue

26).

H xoArqx4 xorA6rnrc, H roLtrLoxrl rod,oqro q ruroq rrlg rottr(og onoretre( To Ueyotrurepo rplpo qq evro[og rortrroronuetrrrflg xoLtrdrrlrog (Err. 2-

29). Evron((eror novo ono ro ovro or6pro qg nudtrou, evdr npog ro novo.r otpop[(eror on6 ro Ooporrrd drorppoylro" H rortrrorrl xoltrorqro ouueleru npog ra xoru oqv e[oodo r1q nueAou pe r4v nueAx4 xotA1rr1to. Meyotro pripoq rrlg roLtrroxlg rod,orrlrog xotrunreror ono rov ooreoXdvdprvo 0tr.lpoxrr6 rtrtopo (ELr. 2-25 xot 2-36). To rorXogonro nepuovoro enevduer ro rorXtitporo Trlq K0rtrtorqg roildrrpog. Enog6vug, to neptovoLo KoL 4 nepLrovaU<4 xoLA6r4to Bpfuxovru peoo or4v rotALor7 xotAorqra. Irrlv npoypolxoqro oure 11 xortrrorrl roildqro, oUre 11 nepuovoiul rortro-

qro

e(vor npoyporr rortrorrlreg. H nepLrovoixrl

tapo tou

xoiloqro

nepre-

To xotArcrKd onAdyvo llpLv petrerrloere trenropep6g ro ontroXvo ror ro en(nLoo, noporqpe(ore 14 yevtr4 6Ldro[r1 Touq oTo nrtirgo (Err. 2-25 tag 227). l-lpooe[re ol ro qnop, o ordpoXoq ror o ontrr;vog ntrqporiv oXeddv roug 0otroug rou dLotppoygorog. llopoqprlore r5n o dpe-

navoe64g o1vdeopog, o onolog xovovrrd npooqueror roro prlrog grog ouveXo0g ypoUpnq oro npooOro roilroro ro(Xtrllro pdXpr rov

rpoq T0 rorol, 6torpe( ro rlnop oe de[ro ror opLorep6 rprl;ro" llpoo6{re en[or1g ol ro trrntldeg pe((ov en[nAouy ro],unrer oXeddv otro ro 6wepo. l-loporr;prlore o:rtqyoA4d6yog xAorq npooprpotrd

Bdtrtrer

roro ond ro roro

Xeitroq rou rlnorog,

ro0og roL 6l q oyxri-

ot€OVou OaOoKtKoi

onov'unot

Etxtivo 2-29. H 0trlporrr4 ro$,orr1ro nueLLrrl

rol 1 roll,roro-

roiloqro,

onog rpo[vovror oe peoq oBeOaQuiKot onovdunot

trLoio

roprl rou orir;lorog.

H rorto drorero;rpev1 ypo1r1r1 deiXver

ro en[ne-

do rou ovtrl oropiou l€oo ooro

nuetrou), nou Xop[(er

nu€ntKn

Kotnomto

KoKKUvoc

nuel,ou (e(oodog qq

rorLroronuetrrrq roLtroqro oe rortrLorq rot nuetrlri1 roilorrlro. To 0rrlpoxl-

6rorppoylro Xtrlp((er

0oporrr1 on6 qv rortrrorr1 ro0,or4ro. To nuetrrro nu€ntKo 6toOOovLto

dtotppoylro oyrlpor((er ro

roror opro rrlg nuetrrrrlg xoil6rr1rog.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

190

trq rou dalderodaxr1Aou, nou 6Xer lgrruxtrrro oXrlpo, ouvdderor orevo pe rrlv xeqotrrl ror rov ouX6vo rcu noyxpEorog. Iqv errovo 2-26 to p6ye0oq rrlg nepuovoiulg xodoqroq elvor rporvoprevrro unepperpo peyotro, 6rol 6Xer oXedrooOeI notr0 pLrpo pepoq rou tre-

EVKopoto onAQuon

nro0 evrepou. llopoqp4ore rc onA1vo oro oprorepo ovto rerop14popro. 0uoLotroyrro 6Xer ro p6ye0oq ypo0roq ror ouvrl0og rotrunrerot ono ro orouoxo.

0rcoOovoc

O otoo<pdyog 0 oroorpoyoq elvor

oXebov euOug guald4q ouA1vog (UnKouq

23-25 er. ), o ono(oq erre(veror ono ro tpopuyyo U6Xpr ro oropoXo (Err. 2-26). KoOrrrg rl TpoQn ovol-uyvueror pe oietro, rorepXeror ;.uloo orov oroorpoyo, o ono(og qv npoo0e[ oro ordpoXo npoKsr-

@pâ&#x201A;ŹwKn niKU0oc

prlvou vo unoore[ n6Qq. To ro(Xo1io rou oLoorpoyou nepL6Xet triyoug ptrevvonopoyrrlyouq od6veg, nou unopol0o[v qv otrioOqoq

bpotti lJ0vov oKuvonoytKo)

oroorpoyog oxotrou0eI rrlv xopnl rrlg onovdutrtrrlg

AtoQpoVuo

orqtrqq, ro069 ror6pXeror ono rov rpoXrltro oro onlo0ro peoo0oporro (ptr. Err. 1-66) xor bronepvo ro drorppoypo tr(yo nro oprorepo

EtouoxoC

11q iporplq.

ond ro peoo en(nedo (Etx.2-27). H ppoXe(o roilror1 polpo rou orootpoyou (grlroug nep[nou 1 er.) oXqpori(er o0troro orov oprorepo tropo rou 1norog roL erpotrtrer oro xopdtox1 ot1pto rou oropayou,

nloo ono rov epdogo oprorepd ntreuprrd Xovdpo (Err.2-30 ror

Erxtlvu 2-30. Arrrvoyporplo rou orootpoyou pero rr1 trflrfq BoprouXou ye0porog. (Me qv odero rou Dr. E.L. Lansdown, Professor of Radiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, 0ntario, Canada).

34). H roLtrrorn Uo(po rou oroorpoyou rotrunreror orrlv npooOto ror olg ntroyreg enrqovereg rrqg ono nepuovoro ror neprpotrtreror ono

ro otooEayxo veupxo nAeypa (pL ELr. 1-73). To de[ro Xeitroq rnq roilLorrlg poipog rou oroorpoyou ouveXeT0r Ue ro 6troooov ro[o rou oropoXou, otrtro ro oprorepo Xe(troq rou droXtopi(eror ono to 0otro rou oropoXou pe qv ropdrox4 evro1tn

(Ex.2-34). Iro rortrl oxpo rou oroorpoyou, ornv y0oTp00r00q0-

ytr4 oulrpolrl, undpXer evog

tpuorotroyLxog lrqXovropoq, yvoorog

lrcl(poytKog orpLyxrrlpog, o ono(og 6Xer qv rrovoqro vo ouorel,i,eror ror vo Xotroprilver. ArlvoLoytreq petr6reg de[Xvouv ol

tpoqrl oroporo orLypro[o oro orlprelo ouro, roOtirg Kor 0rr 0 oqr-

erpotrtrouv orouq rolLloro0q trepqobdveq otrtro oproprevo tregpoyyeio erpotrtrouv xoreu0e[ov oro pe[(ovo 0oporrro nopo. H veripoo4 rou oroo96you (Err. 2-33 roL 2-42. $|t. ml onq rlv Erx. 1 -73). H xortrroxl po[po rou oroorpoyou veupolveror o-

no ro oreieln rou nlpoou7na1rluxoA (npooOro roL onfoOro yoorprro veupo), ro Oorportro orcAey4 rou oupno17nrou, ro pel(ov rot ro dLoooou onAaywxo ueupo, roOotg ror ono ro veuprro ntr6ypo nou neprpotrtre

oprorepq yoorprrl ror

qv roro

QpevrKn 0p-

qpro.

yrrlpoq e[vor uno quototroy1169 ouv0rlxeg oprero enoprlg oro vo

notrrvdpopnol Tou yoorprrou nepreXopevou orov rov yeuporotv, o orpryrrrlpoq ourog nopopever rpuorotroyLro xtrerorog, tilore vo onoqeuyeror q ovoyroyl Tpoqnq n

trr1

YooTprKolv uYpov oT0v oroorpoyo.

dvdpeg, 0o np6ner vo eye(peL uftorlreq unop[r1q roprlvou rou

onorpdner

oroorpoyo. Merolu

0t oprqpieg

rou oroorp6you

(Err. 2-38,2-39 xot 2-44).

0t opqp(eq nou Xoprlyouv o(po oqv rorLrorrl po[po rou orootpoyou npoepxovTor ond r4v oproreprl yoorpLrq opqpio, rtrodo rrlg rorAtot<4g apr4piog, ro0tirg ror ono qv oproreprl xotu EpevLx4 aprrl-

pio, rtrodo rr;g rortrrorfg ooprrlq. 0t 916Beg rou oroog6you (Err. 2-44 B|\. en(o1g Err. 176). 0L qlepeg qg rortrLor4g po[pog rou otootpoyou erpotrtrouv oqu a(uyq QAeBa xst orqv oprcrep1 yaorpurl rpAeBa. To trepgoyyeio rou oroog6you (Ev. 2-41 xtt 2-44,

H ouXvorqro rou ropxivou rou oroorpdyou eivor Xogq-

Bdpero Apeprrrl. H epqovro4 ogtog duoxoronoo(og (6uotpoytoq) oe ro0e dropo ovrrl ttov 45 erov, rdto(repo oe

oroorpdyou. H xaranoo4 BopLoAyou uypo1 (Ew. 2-30) ono roug ooOeve(g ouro[g onoro],tinrer oro0epo orLoyporprr6 dtrtreLppo,

tr6yo ordvotorlq Tou orooQoyxof outrou ond rov

xopr(vo. Koro

dLdprero orcorpoyoor1nnong, o oyrog pno-

pe( vo noporqp10ei ror vo trqrpOe( pLorpio. To otooqayoox1ruro eivor oXenro trenrog

ror etjxopnrog ootrrlvog onlrdrv

rvtirv. To neprooorepo ropxrvrrd

r[rropo

oyxou

qq rodroxrlg

poipoq rou oLootpoyou geOlorovror orouq oprorspoug yoorpr-

llfvorog 2-4, B . en[or1g Err. 1-70). To treUQoyye(o rrlg roilrorrlq

roUg trepqod6veq (Etr. 2-41), gepLxo o;roq erodpXovror or0 pe((ovo Ooporrrd nopo rol ond ere( dtepXowor oro qtreprrtl

polpog rou oloorpoyou expotrtrouv oTouq dprorspoAq yaorptxouq

oforrlpo (pI. ELr. 1-39).

Aepqodeveq. Anoyoyo trepqoyye(o ono roug trepqod6veg ouroug

H n1puo4 onoretre( ro nro ouvrl0roptlvo oroorpoyrro evoXtrlpo q novo. To oripnropo ouro eivoL

H KOIAIA

nooryvooro oioelp0 0eppdrrirog (oro04po xotloou) n(oto ono ro rortirrepo rprlpo rou orepvou. H nrlpooq ouvodeueror

noretre( o[ero ovoropql rou e],oooovog ro{ou, nou unodrlltrtver ro oqpeLo ouppotrrlg rou orrtporoq Ue Tnv nutroprxq poipo rou oropo_

ouXvo ono ovoytrty4 gLxpqg nooorrlrog rpotpr;q 4 yoorpu<ou uypou orov oroorpoyo Kot oT0 tpopuyyo. Orootpoytrd otryoq

2-34).Io pei(ov ro{o ouveXeror Ue ro oproTepo Xeitrog rou oroorpoyou ror oXrlpor((er ro KU7TI yt(Aoq rou oropayou. fo Xou (Err.

ouvodeuer ouXvo rr1 duorpoyLo (6uor<ol(o

orlv xoronoorl) nou pnopei vo efvot eloLpenro 6wovr1, edv r1 rporprl dev ;rnopeL vo drel0er ono ro orevo.lluivo tprlpo rou otoorpoyou.

per(ov ro(o efvor reooeprg rirrlg nevre rpop6g nro porpu ono ro

6troooov ro[0.

0r poipeg rou oropdyou (Erx. 2-34). tro neprypotprroug troyoug, o oropoXog Drorpeuor oe nevre go(peg: rrlv ropdror4 po(_ p0, ro 0otro r1 nu0pevo, ro oo-r1ro, qv nutrorprrrl U0rpo Kor Tov tru-

O ordpayog 0

oropoXog e[vor

tropo.

ro e{orpelro

H xopdnxr1 po[po rou oropoyou onoretre( oootptrtg orpopr(ope _ v1 neproXrl yupo ono ro xopdroro oropro, orrlv ono[o erpotrtrer q rod,rorrl po(po rou oloorpoyou (Etr. 2-34).

dreupup6vo rpqgo rou nenrr-

xou ootrrlvo, nou nopeppotrtreroL perolu rou oLoorpoyou ror rou tre-

nrou evrepou (Ex. 2-28 eorg 2-28, 2-31 ror Z-34).Lt fnlo 0d01, o oropoXog ouvrl0og evron[(eror oro oprorepo ovor reroprrlgopro

191

xortrfog, onou rorotroprBover

H xopdrorrl golpo oqeileL ro ovolLo Tr]q oT0 yeyovog orr yerrvro(er pe rqv neproXq rou Drorppoy;rorog, or4v ono[o

poq rrlg enryoorptoq, Tnq 0UQotrrrqg ror rqg oproreprlg unontreuprog Xdrpog (ELr. 2-5). Iro neprope

enlro0eror o neprxopdrorog 0utrorog nou nepreyer rrlv

oorepo orogo o oropoXog 6Xet ro oXrlpo rou Lolvrrou ypoUUoroq J ev6 4 nutroprrf po(po rou e(vor opr(ovrro q ovepXeror npoq rr]v

nporl

po(po rou doderodorrutrou (Err. 2-27 xot 2-31). Iro orri_ 0r rpoqeq ono0rlxeuovrot, ovoperyvuovror ror nenrovror ono U0X0

0 0oAog 1 nu1pevoq rou oropayou, nou 6XeL ro oXrlgo onoorpoyyutrtop6vnq opoql q, ovrrnpootoneuer ro dreupuolrevo rprlpo

ro yoorptxo uypo. 0 oropoXog onore),ei e[orperrro 6rororo opyovo.'Orov eivor revog, o outroq rou elvor tr(yo povov eupurepog o_

Tou, nou pp(oreror oprorepo ror novor ono ro ropdroro orogro (Etx. 2-27 ,2-31 xoL 2-34). Anoretrei ro ovtirepo rprlgo rou orogo_ X0u K0r pplorerot oe enorprl Ue TOV 0prorspo 0otro rou drorppoypo_

no rov outro rou noXeog evr6pou, eivor rlpolg rrovog vo 6reupuv0e(

olpovlro, tilore vo Xopeoet 2 eoq 3 tr(rpo rpoqrlq. 0 oropoXog rou veoyvou, nou potrtg eXer ro p6ye0og, trepovrou pnopet vo Xrrr_ peoer peXpr 30 ml yotrorrog. 0 ordpolog eyer drjo rri{o (Err. 2-27,2-31

Kop_

6ro.

rog. Iuvrl0org nepr6Xer peyotrq rpuootrido orlpo, nou e[vor oporrl oTrg oKTrvoypoqLeq (Err 2-30 rot 2-31).

Io odpa rou oropaXou (Err. 2-26A, 2-2T xu 2-34). Anoretrer ro peyotrurepo rgrlpo rou orogoXou ror pp(oreror pero[u rou nu0pevo r0r rou nutrolprxou ovrpou. To orrtlro rnrKorvovel eup6og pe rov 0o_

roL 2-34). To e_

Aaooov rrl{o onoretret ouveXelo rou de{rou Xeiloug rou oroorpoyou ror oXrlpori(eL ro xoltr0 Xeltrog rou oropoXou. H yuvn[a evtotLn a_

tro

r<or

po(i onore),ouv Tnv nro rDrorunrl neproXrl rou oropoyou.

OAnoC

BonpoC

Ae6€KoAoKrunou

BonBoc a:n6€Ko60 Kfu

M€iaov

nunaPoc

to€o

nou nunDptKo ovtpo

nunopAC nunaptKo

ovrpo

fawoio EVTOI-tn

_ILUX€C

J06€Ko6oKtuno

Aa6€Ko

'oKturlo

Etxtivo 2-3'l A' Axrtvoypotpto rou oropoxou xoL rou trenrou evrtp0u pero rq trr1Llq Boptouxou yeuporog. B. Arrrvoyporpio rrlg ru),rrrpLrrlq u0rp0q rou oropdxou rot rou eyyug rprlporog rou btrlderooorrutrou (Me qv odeLo rou Dr. E.L. Lansdown, professor of Radiology, university of Toronto, Toronto, 0ntario, Canada).

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

192

nx(6)

lYK H

nA(G)

-.- nA(7) KT

nA(8) AO

n^(g)

iot t\

AHO

ggp ** qol IIn

"{---:* iv,

\, \-:ii

\.\.

Etxtlvu 2-32. A, B roL l-. Eyt<opoteg MRls (erroveq poyvrllxrlg ropoyporplog)

qq rodlog. (l\4e rrlv oOero rou Dr.

W. Kucharzyck, Clinical Director of Tri-Hospital Resonance Centre, Toronto, 0ntario, Canada). A0: ooprrl, AAo: btyoopoq ooprrlg, i1X: n).eupLrol Xovdpor, U[eq qg

KI: ropbrord or6pro oropolou, A; boberoborrutro, BMP. ev ror Bo-

xol6v xotrov, A, trinoq, III: nu0pevoq rou oropoXou, XK:1otrr1boXoq x[0r1, E, evrepo, El: eL),eoq, AlVl: troyovrog puq, KK0: roro roltrq qtreBo, H: 1nop, AI: opLorepo o16],09, AH0: optoreprl lnolr1 tptreBo, AYK' oprorepfl une(orortrq rod,oqro, AN: optorepog veqpoq, ANA: optorepl vetpptrrl opqpto, t1: noyrpeog, [1A: neptverppuo trinoq, II: nutrolo ouU9otrrt, l\4tf: pei(ov tloiTlq UUq, ll0: nu],oLo qle0o (rpLo6o), Oer

poXeorq KK:

llL: nLeupo, AH0: de[ro rlnortul Qtrepo AN, 0eltog veqpoq, AAH: Oe(toq troBog lnoroq, NIV: votrtoloq puetroq, AYK: delro une(ororLrl rofiorqro,

IA: ontrrlvrro

oyye(0,

IIn:

ontrrlvoq, AoI: orov0ritdqg onotpuoq onovO0trou,

o6po onovDutrou,

InI:

onovOutrtroq oot),1vog,

[Lqoetdrlg

I0:

ontrrlvLrrl qtreBo,

onoquq

Tou oTtpvou.

H KOIAIA

nurtctn

rpn6o-f

K€pKoQopoC no)oc nnoTat

M€iaov toEo oroLtoxou

)

- l----,1- rlO

nn€upodroQpavLtotrKac Kon n aC

,nn nvoC

-.:

'|)PAC

-.tIoc

-': -::ato. - - -t:iKoc

--,-

Toorpaonaln vtKaC

. aanac

Qn€0o

-'Ottl

oupo novKp€otoc

,etto

ol.ilt

,nn DVtKt, opft)pt0 Kol

--' 'icxoc r'

ouv6t

auoC (xstnoc

.1)sotoc

poro Konov

a,/ Ko

EVK0pata

Kanov

Erxtivo 2-33. 0nio0reg oxriosrq r0u snrn),oiKo0 0uLorou

H nuAupLxq pl@o -iurlu0,

rlu

nu\apK7 avrpo

oTzpoxlu onoTetrslror 0il0 evo eupu

xot evO oTevo runu0, Tov nu),oprKo 0(l)-

\qvo. 0 nuAupLKOg lu\nvoq, UlKouq 1-2 er. ouveXeTor Us rnv eTreptoQryuevn retrrKrl u0[p0 TOU oT0U0X0u, rcv nu\up7, nou x0jpr(er ro oTou0xo 0n0 ro dodeKodorrutro. 0 nuAupog Tlu oToUoxou (n IeEn nutropoq oqpo[veL Qpoupoq

ovo 0ptorepo lprlropro. Irqv opOro 0eor1 perorrve(ror npog ro roror (1 eog 16 er. ). Ie ooOevlro oropo ro o6po rou oropoXou oT0

pnopei vo roretrOer peXpr rr1 pei(ovo n0etro (ptr. ELr. 3-7).

1,/TOV0

rqq nutr1g) onoTele[ Tov KoTo orpLyrrqpo rou etrdyxer rc nu\uprKa 0T6ltLo (Err. 2-31 xor 2-34). To rorXtrtlro rou nuLopou s(vor r0Xurepo, enerdrl neptdXrr en( ntreov KUKloTeprl oTrpodo 0n0 treisq luLr6g [veg. H peorl orrpodo TOU UUrKou XLrurvo eXer peyotro noXog

rcv nuAupu<o oEryrrqpo nou etrdyXer q droXereu0l Tou nsprsxopsvou rou orogoXou oro 6odexodorru),0. 0 nuLtrrpog rovovrro pp(oreror oe rovrrrl ouorotr4, dqlodrl nopogever xoL oXrlporl(er

xtreLorog

ror ovo(yer povov orov droXereueror T0 rlUrppeuoTo ttsrou oropoXou oro doldexodorrutro. Ie orovovroro dro-

preXogevo

oqporo, 1 nepfuroAor1 rou oropayou droXereuer pro rlpLppe uorrl po(0, nou tr6yeror Xugog, drogeoou rou nu),trrprroI ootrrlvo oro tredvre po yro neporr6pur ovdpet[4, neqrn Kor onopporpqorl.

nro

Io oy41to xot r7 0eo4 rcu oropayou norrl],trouv ono oropo oe oropo, otrtro Kor oT0 [Dro orogo, troyo rov rrvrloeotv rou dLorppoyporog roro rr1 dLopxero rrlg ovonvorlg, Tou tteprexoprvou TOU oT0poXou ror rrlq orooqq rou otiporog, drllobrl ov ro oropo ervor lontrop6vo r1 op0ro. Ie unrro 0eor1, o oropoXog ouvrl0org pproreror

npoBoA{ rou oropdyou orrlv enrtp6vero (Etx.2-48, 2-27

2-36). To enupoveroro evrunoporo rou oropoXou norx[],trouv orlpovrlro, 6rorr, onog npoovorp6p0rlre, ro peye0og ror 11

0eo1 rou peropotrtrovroL ovotroyo pe rrg neprorooerg (n.X. pero ono ntrouoro yeugo). llovrog ro t<op6nxo o16pLo ewon((eror ouvrl-

0og nioot ono rov epdopo oprorepo nLeuprro Xovdpo 2-4 er. ono ro geoo en[nedo oT0 urloq rou 010 q rou 011 onovdutrou. To ovtr.rroro rprlpo rou 0otrou pproreror ouv[0(tJg oto 6LanuAaptx' enhedo (Err. 2-48). 0 rpuoLotroyLrog oropoXog dev elvor rlnloqnrog, drorr ro rolXrilporo rou tlvol eninedo Kat ot, oKTtvllxonLreq peAereq (orrrvotroyrrq e(eroor; T0u eootreptKou rou oropoXou pe oxrLvoox1nto) de(Xvouv orr ro ropdroxo orogro nopopever os 0prero oro0epl 0eo1 (Err. 2-30), evdr ro enlnedo rou nutrtopou norr[],er oe unlo 050r1 ono rov 01 peXpt rov 03 onovdutro. Ie op0ro 0r1o1, ro enlnedo rou nutrorpou rugo[veror ono rov 02 geXpr rov 04 onovdutro. Iuv40rog o nutrotpog Bpiorerot orrl de{ro ntreupo, otrtro oe opLopeveg neplnr6oerg pnopeI vo evroni(eror oro pe-

oo en(nedo. 0r

ol6oerg rou orop6lou

(Erx.

Z-23,2-25uc,2-28,2-33,

2-35 roL 2-36). 0 oropoXog rotrunreror retre(og ono nepuovoro e-

194

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Kop'nKn €vroLtn

OrcoQoVoC

'Enoooov toEo

\: --\x .*{ }

"'l-"

Meilov €ninnouv

np6oetd 6Vn

nun(nprKoC aAtVKtnpoC

nuneorKoc oaAnvoc

nunaoKn uoioo tou mouoxou

Erxrivo 2-34. A. E[trrreprrrq enupoveto rou oropoXou, B. Eotrlreptril enrqoveto rou oropoXou pre ro Btrevvoyovo. f. 0 nutrotpoq 1 neptqepLrrl (ono) orpryrrqprortl po[po rou oropoXou.

Ao6€Ko6oKwno

H KOIAIA

Onia)to

attrlt

NsO0oC

Aptats pu \/o aLpt K ti o pr n p n (aC nvautrcvovoorptBou v:uoau

195

,n11tlvoC

At0QpoVl-tcl

AprotspoC tpiv0vol ouv6€ot 10c nn€upooroQpov l-tof

KOrl n

tKoc

@p€voKantKoC auv6 s ol,toc

Apt ar€pt)

vootposnrnnoiKti

(tptnpio

tnn nvrKt,

opulplo

loVKp€aC ',1€

1n]

^>. flunapoC

I r.d-]1 sVeysa

Kot

on€80

lvleSOcoL-ro

oaKano

.'o\o1\

M€i<ov €ninnouv

Etxtlvo 2-35. Avorogtro n0p0oK0u0ou0 Trlq Korrnq Tou oT0u0x0u. To peyotrurepo uepoq rou 0r0u0x0u exer erropeL, avo TO nspLT6v0l0 T0u rnrlt],otK00 0utrorou n0u snsvOuet TIlv K0[Trl T0u oTOU0X0u eXet oe peyo],1 erroorl otporpe0e(, ono-rg K0r r0 rrrprr0v0r0 n0u KqI611TSr ro Kqrq1Tspo TUrlU0 r0u vsQp00 K0t T0u nOYKpd0T0q. Is 0uTd TO rl0p0oKsu00U0 T0 n0yKpsOg ervoL oouvrl0ror0 BpOXi, evo ouptpuoerg Ouvrix0uv ro on],r1vo pe T0 0r0Qp0yu0. 0r oulupuoerg 0rlors^orjv ouv101 noootroylK0 0uprlU0T0.

KTOq 0n0 Trq esOsrq onou nopeuovTor T0 0yye[0 K0T0 urlKOq r0JV Toqov TOU Kor Ono Uro UrKpl] 0K0trunTrl neproxl il[0o Orto TO K0pdtor<o oroplo. To buo ilsrotro r0u sl0o00voq snrntroou neprBotrl,ouv ro oToUoXO Kor eyKorotreinouv ro Uel(ov roqo Tou yro v0 oxn-

U0T(o0uv To Ue[(ov enlntrOuv. 0 nu1pEvoq rcu oropoyou Bpfuxerot 0e eno(pn ue r0 dnQpoylid, nioo ono roug rordrepoug oproTepouq ntreuprKOUq XOVdpouq. Irrg orrrvoyp0q(sq rou 0clporo ror TOU

or00Q0y0u nOp0Trlpe(r0r ouxvo pLo qu00tr(d0 oepo

roro

ono

0ptorep0 0otro rou brocppoyporoq (Err. 2-30, Btr. enrorlq Err. 1 48 peXpr 1-50). 0r entprlrerg nTUXdq sn[0nq rovi(ovror ono oepro oTrq oKlvoypoqieg rou oropoXou (Err. 2-31 ). H npooOro enupovero rou oropoXou pproreror oe enorprl (1 ) pe ro bLorppoypo oTlv nepr0TOV

X1 To

rou nu0pevo, (2) pe Tov oproTepo tropo rou qnorog ror (3) npo00 r0 ro rtrroro TO [Xo[o (Ew. 2-25 lttypt 2-27).

H xoirrl rou orop6you (ErK. 2-28,2-33,2-35 ror 2-47).H ro[q rou oropoXou oXlporl(eroL ono ro on[o0ro To(XoUo Tou enr-

ntroirou Oulor<ou ror ono onto0oneplrovoiro opyovo, nou nopsgpotrtrovror ovogeoo oe ourov Kor oT0 onloOro ror],roro TOIXo]U0 (n.X. ro noyrpeog rcr o oprorepoq veQpoq). llpog ro novo q ro[-

rq rou oropoXou nepLtroppover rplgo rou drorppoylLorog, ro ontrr1v0 K0r ro oprorepo enrverppldro. llpog ro roro onoretre(ror ono ro oorpo ror rqv oupo rou noyrpeoroq xo0tlq ror ono

ro eyroporo pe-

oorotro.

0t enirrrgeg dLorppoypororrltreq e(vor ouXveq,

troyro

Tqq uqrltrdTepnq n(eolq rqg neprrovoirrlg rortrorrlroq oe oX5o1 pe ere(vq rou 0drporo. 0L rqtreq oureg ouppoivouv ouXvorepo pero 14 prio4 qtrrrio, nr0ovov troyo eloo0evt-

qq rou 1-rurr<ou ororXe(ou nou oXq;ror((er ro oroorpoyrro rpqpo rou drorppdyporoq (BI. Err. 1 -29 xor 1 -70). 'Evo rprlpo rou nu0pevo rou oro;-roXou gnopei vo npopotrtreL 6ro;re00u rou oroorpoyrxou rpqporog oro 06poro. EtroXroror 96-

vov ono roug oo0eve(g nou nooXouv ond 6rorppoyporoxrjtrq oro0ovovroL oopopo oupnr6poro. YnopXouv 6uo ruproL

runor 6rotppoylroroxqtrrlq. Ltrlv oAto1o(vouoa \Laqpoyltarox4A7 (Em. 2-37A), r'i yoorpoorooqoyrrq Xtirpo o),ro0o[vet npoq T0 novo pSoo

oro Scirpoxo, peoo ono ro oroorpoyrro rp4po rou drorppoy-

196

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

,topoxoc

nunupoc

AptaEph KontK[] Kopnn

Kottov Kanov Avtov Konov

Erxrivo 3-36. llpoBo-

T€ntKoC Etn€oC

npoo?to ovu novovto oKov0o

TuQno Kot

oKonnKo€t6tic onoQuon

Lq rou oropoXou, rou

rlnorog roL rou noX6og evr6pou orrlv snt-

oe ovdpo 11trtrtog 27 ertlv. To

qoveLo, ttVl.to€6ic Konov Op0o

neptypoltporo Tov onovDutrov onetrov[-

orrlrov nporerp6vou vo Xpnotue[oouv trlq orlueio ovorpopoq.

nEprtovoto

troLtoxoC

Erxrivo 2-37. A. Otrrooolvouoo Drorppoyporoultrrl, nou De[Xver rqv ropdtootoorpoyLrl oupBotrtl vo pplorerot novtrl ono ro otootpoytrd rptlpo rou 6Lorppoyl-rorog. B. llopootootpoyrrrl droqpoypororltrl pe qv ropdlootooQoYtrq oupBotrl oe quototroytrl 0eoq. l-lpooe[re oTt 0 reptr0v0iroq 0utrorog nou npooerBotr),rr or0 0tirporo puloot rou otoorpoytrou TpnU0T0q, nept6Xet rUrlUo rou 06tr0u rou oropoXou. (Tpononotqpevo

ror ovoruntrlpdvo ror6nrv o6eioq ono ro prBtrro; McCredie JA: Basic Surgery. New York: MacMillan Publishing Company, 1977).

H KOIAIA

197

ADoQoytKoC Kno6oC

tot€ p n

tnnnvtKn oputpio

arpt Kti o ptnpio

tnnnvrKti opTnpio HnoftKn opTnpto

KotntoKti

oprnpio

ds{to Voot pt K t] o pt ti pto

)o6od

€ KO6o

aJVKpso

Ktu n t K n

pt n pto

o6o)6€Ko

Asf to vo ot p€ n t n nol K tj

o DT n

Dto

Etxdvo 2-38. 0t oprqpieg rou oropoxou xot rou ontrr1vo. O opoyovog rot o puirog Xu6vog rou oropoXou rllouv orpoLpe0ei ono duo neproxdq yro vo rpovouv oL ovooroptooerq Tov 0pTrlpr0r6v dlrruov T0u unoB),svvoyovrou xrrcilvo.

n€prdxer

r[6]Q0t'1to.*,,O.6Xo,O,

itiu:'.oio.ffiu:..tt:0ureq

ne-

prntdroer(, rOiev-,,tio0.q'Illp,eqnf:, ottvrieiir(l,,hvoyto;y{ yoorp Lroq

nepreXoprlvou, enerdrl

xopdroxo orrlpLo pproreTor orrlv

rovovrrrl 0eo4 rou.

g1rog rou on(oOrou rorXrrlporog rou enLntroirou Outrorou. H oprqpio ourrl evronl(eror oro 66orpog rou enlntroir<ou 0utrorou, niour ond ro rorXtoporrro n6rotro rou nepuovo(ou (Err. 2-42). H oproTepn yoorprrn opqpro rpdperoL ono ro on[o0ro xottrroxrj roiXtrtpo orqv xopdLorl polpo rou oropoXou.

oprqpieq rou oropdlou (Erx. Z-38,2-39 xor 2-42 eorq 2-45).0 orogoXoq ddXeror o[;lo ror ono roug rperg xtrodoug r4g 0r

rortrror4g opqproq: (1) H oprcrepn yoorpx4 apqpio, n0u 0n0Trtrei ro grrporepo rtrodo rr1g, Xopqyei n6vre r),odoug oro oropoXo, xo0trlg nope0eror roro prlrog rou eioooovog rolou rou (2) n de{Lo yoorpx7 xoL q de{rd yoorpentnAo|xq opr4pto nou onoretrouv xtroboug rqg rorvqg

lnorLrrlg oprrlp(og ror (3) 4 oporepn y00Tp€nmAoilxrl aprqptu, ro0drg ror ot ppoyebq yaorpxEg optqpieg onore),ouv xtrodoug qq ontrlvrrrlg oprnproq. H apLorep4 yoorpLr4 aprr1pfu, nou onoretre(prrpd rtrodo qg xortrtorqg oprqpiog, nopeueror npoq T0 novur r<or oprorepo roro

Iq ouveXero nopeueror

npog

ro roro pero[u rotv nerotrov rou etroooovog enrntroou (r1noroyoorptxo} ouvdeopou) ror rord ;u1rog rou etroooovog ro[ou ouXvo og drntroq rtrodog, npoq rov nutrolpo. H oproreprl yoorptrq oprrlpio opdeuer lg 6uo enrqovereq rou oropoXou ror ovooroptilveror pe rq de{ro yoorprrrl opqp(o (Err. 2-38).

H de{rd Kat \ opLlTeprl yooryenmAolx4 aprqpio nopeuovror roro prlrog rou pe((ovog ro[ou rou oropoXou ror opbefouv ng 6rio enrtpovereg rou (ELr. 2-38). To oyye(o ouro nopeuovror peru{A ruv gAA),uv rou pe[(ovoq eruLnA1ou, oe prrprl onoorooq ond rqv npo-

oquorl rou oro oroproxo. H

de{rd yoorpenLnAoix4 apr4pio, rtrodog rrlg yoorpodrrldero-

.198

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

'$rl

Koko QpEvtKt1 optntJio

Kap LtoC Kot nt oKuC

l2n ]opoKtKri o ptn llto A v(D

N€AptKri opulpio

l.t € o

€ vr € p t ct

€ooC Lo€o€ tOtl C ouv6€ aLtoc

tou 6toQpoVLtatoc oprn ptctC

Entv€Qpi6to opulpio

pr t1 p t cl

NEQptKti opLnpio

OoAuiK€c oDtnpi€c

Eoe novovto oputoia

6An

n?oogto o[rn

Onp?rct 6An Erxdvu 2-39. H

r<oitrroxr1

ooprrl roL or

or orportlvouv T0 yooTprvTsprro

ono roug opreroug dupuerg rtroOouq qq I ooprq Xoplyei rpe Lg ;tovlpetq rtroDoug, 0t or0tourol elvoL o r<oppdg rqq roLtrtorrlg opqp(oq, ro069 rol 11 ovo rot q xorot peoevr6pto opqpto.

r<trodor rr1q, Ei<rog

orjoqpo.

0L rtroOoL

dorrutrrrlg opqproq nopeueroL npoq r0 oprorepo ror ovooroptilvrTor Ue qv oprorepq yoorpenrntroirl opqpLo. H opqp(o our1 Xoplyei rtrodoug oro delro rp1po rou orogoXou, ro ovtrrrepo rpqpo rou 6o6erodorrutrou ror ro pe[(ov en(ntrouv. H aprcreprl yoorpenmAoit<4 opr1pfu, rtrodoq rqq ontrqvLrlg oprqpiog, noper-reror gerol0 rorv nerotrtlrv Tou yooTpoortrrlvrrof ouvbeopou npoq r0 ger(ov rolo rou oropoXou. H opqpio ourq drepXeroL pero{u rov nerotrov rou ge((ovog enrntroou opdeuovrog ro oropoXo ror ro pre((ov enintrouv ror rorotrrlyer oe ovoordpoorl pe

de{ro yoorpenrntrolrl oprt1pio (Err. 2-38). 0r Bpolereg yoorpxEg oprnpbq (4-5 oe oprOpo) onoretrouv

Kor ll oproTspn yoorpLrn nutrofo qlepo. H delro yoorpe-

oro nutrolo ouorrlpo. Iuvrl0tr.rg 1 6elro qtreBo erpotrtrouv roreu0e[ov

oqv

nLntroirq qtreBo erpotrtrer ouvrl0olg orrlv ovtr.r peoevrdpto qtreBo,

v6 pnope[vo expotrtrer ror'euOe[ov oqv nu],0[o qi69o n oq ontr1vrrrl tptrdBo. H oprorep1 yoorpenrntroirn qlepo ror or ppoXe[eg yoorp1169 qlepeg erBotrtrouv orq ontrrlvrrrl qlepo. H oproreprl yoorpenrntroir1 tptr6Bo r<or or ppoXe(eg yoorptr6g qlepeg erBotrtrouv or4 ontr1vrrrl qlepo n oe ronorov ono roug rtrobouq qg.

H lepgrrf nopo;16reuor1 rou oropdyou (Erx. 2-41,244 rot 2-45). To trepqoyyero rou oropoXou ouvodeuouv Trq oprrl-

pleg rou per(ovoq Kor Tou etroooovog rolou.

Iro

oropoXo undp-

eniolq rtrodoug rrlq ontrrlvrrqg opr4piog. 0r oprnpreq our6g no-

youv reooepq pe(oveq nepnytq, onayuynq

peuovror perolu rov nerol,ov Tou yooTpoontrrlvrrou ouvdeopou npoq TO 0otro rou oropoXou, onou ovoorop6vovrot pe rtrodouq rqq oprorepqq yoorprrrlg Kor rrlq oprorepqq yoorpentntroirqg op-

o ono rrg ono(eg dro0erer TOUq drroug rqg enLXdlpLoug trepqodeveg (n.X. yoorprro0g, noyrpeoroonirlvrroug rtrn. ). To trepqoyye(o onoyouv rn ldUtpo ono rrlv npooOro Kor Tlv on(oOto enrqovero rou oropoXou ftpoq T0 ro[o rou, onou evron[(ovrot no],],0[ ono

qpiog. 0r gl6Beg rou orop6lou (ELr. 2-33 rot 2-40). 0L yoorptreq tpleBeq nope0ovror nopotrtr1tro npoq Ttq oprqp(eq rot erpotrtrouv oro nuAab olor4po.0r qtrepeg our6g nopouoto(ouv o1;tovrrreg nopotrtroy6g, oq npoq rov rpono pe rov ono[o erpotrtrouv

Aeppou, r<oOe p(-

rouq yoorcentnAo[xoAq Aepqodeveg. To onoyuryo trepqoyyeio rorv

lg peyotreg oprqp(eq ror erpdtrLouv oroug xotAtoxoAq AeUEa66vtg, or ono(or neprpotrtrouv rov

treptpod6vov ourdrv ouvodeuouv

ropgo

qg roilror1g

opqp(oq.

H KOIAIA

"_,i

199

A€€to nnouKti Qn€Ao

nunoto Qn€po

t'.

I Ava Lt€o€vr€on AniBo

Koto Lt€o€vr€oto On€Bo

#rl'

v,.g

Av(i

Ltopooi't K h On€ 60

Etxtivo 2-40. H nu),0[o xux],ocpoplo. H nutroLo rptrepo oxrlgori(eror nioo-r ono rov ouX6vo rou noyrp6orog ono

ougpolrl

ovtrt peoevrcpro qtreBo.

nto et<reropevq nepLoy4 onoyuyr1g r7q Aeprpou ne-

prtrogBdver

ro rlLoooov rolo, ro0trrg

orirlrorog rou orogdXou xor 6Xer

r<oL

peydtro U6poq rou

og enrXtoproug trepqo66veq

Tnq rouq aprcrepoAg yootpxoAg )teprpadeveg, nou Bpior<o-

ontrqvLrls ue

nayxpearoonAqvxolq Aeptpa66veg, nou pp(orovrcr xoro p4rog rov ontrrlvrxtirv oyyeiov. H rerdprrl neproXrl, nou slvor ror 11 grxpdrepn, oQopo ro rprlpo rou etrdooovog rd[ou nou ovlororXe( orrlv nutropxrl po[po rou orogoXou. To tregrpoyyeio ourlg qq nepLoX4g expdtrtrouv moug de{rodq yoorpb

vror xoro UrlKoq qq oproreprlq yooiprrqg oprrlpiog. H deuTeprl oe drrooq nepLoX4 neprtroppovet ro de[Lo rprl;ro rou

rolq

pei(ovog t6{ou ror ro peyotrurepo g6pog r4g nutroprx4g porpoq rou oropolou xor 61er og enrXoproug trepqoOdveg qg rcuc, yolTpeftLnAoilrolg Aeprpodeveg (Erx. 2-41 ). l-lotrtrd treg-

veg (ELr. 2-41

Qoyyeio ourrlq r4g neproXrlg erpdtrtrouv roreu0eiov oroug nutrorprrofg trepqoddveq, nou evroni(ovror mrlv npdoOLo e-

qg rodrorfg apt4ptug. And roug xortrrorofg trepqoDdveg q treggog, po(i ge rq tregrpo otrtrov rprlptirov qg

nupdvero

xeqotr4g rou noyxp6orog, xovro orov nutropo.

H rpLrq oe 6xrooq neproXrl erre(veror

onti ro optorep6 TUrlpo rou pe[(ovoq rd{ou ;ulXpr roug yoorpenrntroiroug treptpoddveg, nou ppiorovror nLntroir<rirv oyyeiotv.

roto prlxog rov opLoreptirv yoorpe-

Altro trepqoyye[o odedouv npoq

Touq

Aeprpodfy€q, nou Bp(oxovror rord prlxog rrlg 0e[rog yoorprqg oprrlpiog. H trepqog Kur rov reoooprov peyotrtov opo-

6tov tregqoD6vov droXereueror 0T0uq xortrloxorlg trepgo66-

xu2-45), ot onofor evron((ovroL yripro on6 rrlv

6rquoq

yoorpeweprrf g odo0, droXereueror

on1 yu Aorp6p o

(opevry

xat orc pe[(ovo 0upotrLx6 n6po (g]t. Erx. 1-39).

H veriptooq rou orop6;1ou (Erx. 2-42, flivorog 2-3, gI. en(oqg Err. 8-33). H nopoougnoOrllr4 veupooq rou orogdXou

200

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

llivorug 2-3.

0L rpe rq

'0vopo

r<ot

e),oXrorov

0rr-r p o

tr<

oti

pno0rlrtrou

yoyy),tou

Iugno0lrLxo

Oorpuir<o ontrolvu<o

Ktr0dor

TuJV

Teoo0ptrrv ootpuixtirv

ouuno0nruorv yoyylLov

veu p0

orevool rou nuLtrlprxou ootrr1vo. To ovur rprlgo tou oropoyou nopouoLo(er deurepoyevrl drorool, troyo qq nutro.rpr-

Ktro0orrorv Sou - 12ou

Iugno0llxo

ontrolvLxo veupo)

nutrorpog e[vor ortrqpog, evtil noporrlpeiror eroeorlpoop6vrl

npoiAeuon

Tunog

1. OopoxLro (gei(ov, ritroooov

Bpeqq (Moore, 19BB). 0 enrglxuogevog Kor uneprpoqLxog

runor rov on),oXvtrdv veupov.

llopoouuno0nlro

11uei rKo ontroXvLr<o

Ktrodor Tov npoo0Lirrv pt(trtv rotv Lep6v vortoirrrv veupov 12, l3

v0up0

(t4)

npospxâ&#x201A;Źror ono ro npoo0ro Kot

on(o0to oretreyog Tou flveuUo-

voyoorprxorl vefpou ro0og rot ono roug rtrodouq rouq. Kot ot 6uo xLodor ouXvo evron[(ovtot xovro oro olpeio, onou 1 optoreprl yoorpLrq oprrlpio ouvovro ro oropoXo (Ett<. 2-38) H oupno0lrtxl veupooq npoepleror rupLorq ono rc xoLALaxo nAeylto dtopeoou rov n),eyporov nou neprpo),Louv rrg yoorpLrdq Kor rtg YooTptntntroirdg opqpieg.

0L onoyo-ryeg oupnoOlrtreg (veq nou npoopi(o-

ro oropoXo erquovror ono ro 06 - 09 veuporopto

on'ol oe

otrtreg (n.1. orrl BopeLo ApepLxrl). Enioqq q ou-

Xvdrrlro rou eivor geyotrllrepq oroug ovdpeg on'ol ottg yuvo(reg. 0L orlotroyrro( nopoyovreg e[voL oyvoorot, tpo(veror olulg orr o ropr(vog rou oropoXou oXeri(eror pe drotrrlrLxeq ouvrlOereq.

Ilg

neprolSg nou nopouoro(ouv uqln-

Ir1 ouXvorrlro ropr[vou rou oropoXou 6Xouv evoXonoul0e(

ruprog ono ro opLlTtpo nveup0v0yo0Tptx6 veupo, ouvl-

porqpouv rrg oltrour.roeLg Tou yoorprKorj Blevvoyovou rot

epxsTor

roepXeror oTrlv rortr[o rrrg UOVlplq rtrodoq, nou evron[(erol orqv npooOro enrqovelo rou oroorpoyou (Ex.2-42,ptr. entoilq Etr. e

B-33). llopeueTor npoq ro tltroooov rolo rou oropoXou, onou XoplyeI lnorrro0g ror drrlberodorrutrrroIg rtroboug, ot onot0t tyK0rotre[nouv ro oroproXo 6rope oou rou rlnorodo.tderodoxru],lt<00 ouv-

ddopou. To uno),orno npooOro oretreXog TOU nvtuUovoyoorprrou ouveXl(er rqv nopelo rou roro prlxog rou e],oooovog rolou, Xoptly6vrog npoo0rouq yoorprrouq rtrodouq.

'Orov ro o6Uo rt nutralprrrl po[po rou oropdXou 61 Xouv npoogtrq0e( ono veontroopro, o oyrog pnopei vo e(vot 1prlloqnroq. H oulvdrqro xapx(vou tou oropayou e(vot uqrntroTspn oe optopeveg Xtirpeq (n.X. orrl kov6Lvopio)

npoo1Lo ort,Aeyoq Tlu nvtuplvlyolTptKlu, ro onofo npo-

TOU v0J-

rLolou puetro0,

Otog

d160purlv.

ro ronvr0ro qJopr Kor ro pnoXoprrd. Mero rrlv entvolorl rotv e0ropnrov evdoonon(ov, r1 yoorpoox6nrloq tyu y[vet ouvr101q. To yoorpoor6nro enrrpdner oroug yrorpoIq v0 n0-

vTor yr0

rrlg or6volorlg. Av ror 1 oLrio qg ouyyevoug uneptpotprrflg or6voloqg rou nutrorpou elvoL oyvtoorq, qolveror orL ou;rpereXouv yeverLxoi nopoyovreg, dedopevou drr 11 vooog noporrlperror Us uqrnln ouXvoqro 0e ppeqn povo(uyortxtirv

on[o1to ore,leXog T0u nveuUovlyaorpLxol npo6pXeror ru-

vo trogpdvouv pLoqieg.

Av xor onovro, roro rr1 yevvqoq evo rpqpo rou 0T0UoXou Unoper vo npoBotrtret pdoo rou drorppoyporoq, tr6yto

ouyyevo[g oulqorlg rou eupoug T0u 0rooQoyrKoI rptlltorog. Meprx6g tpopdq o oropoXog eroepXeror oro 0dlpoxo, 96oo ono eupu onro0ontroyro etrtrerppo rou 6Loqpayporog. Aurog o runoq ouyyeroAq \nQpoyporoxqA4q noporqpeG ot 1'.2.000 veoyvo (Behrman, 1992. Moore,

ror neplnou 1

eBB).

K0r-

H yaoryexroprj (orpo(peoq otrortrrlpou rou oropdXou)

),[o novo orrlv onlo0ro enrrpovero rou orootpoyou Kor noprueTor

efvor elorpelxo oouvrl0roq endpBoorl. Enerdrl or ovooTo-

np0q TO dtroooov ro[o rou oropoxou (Ett<,.2-42.ptr. eniolq Err. B-

;.uloetg rorv opqpurlv rou orogoXou npootpdpouv xotrrl nopontreupq rurtrotpop(0, pio r1 neproo6repeg ono lg peydtreq

piorq ono

ro de{rri nvtuUlvlyooTptxd veipo, eroepXerol oTrlv

33). Xoplyei rortrroro rtroDo, o ono[og nopeueror np0q rc xoAtoxo nAeypo. ouveXero e{orotrou0er vo nopeIeror roro prlrog

rou etroooovoq ro(ou, Xop1ytivroq

onioOroug yoorprrouq xtro-

dou q,

fiulup6onoopog (onoo;rog rou nutrtrlpou) ouppo(veL

opqpieg rou pnope[ vo onotrtvoOouv Xropig vo enrlpeoo0e( ooBopd 4 orporLrr; opdeuq rou opydvou. Kord 14 Drdpxero peprc4g yaorpexroprlg (n.X. erropqq rou nutroprxou ovrpou), ro pe[(ov en(nlouv repveror roror ono q delrd yoorpenrntroixrl opqpio (Ew.2-27 xor 2-38). Mero rrlv onotr(-

peptr6q rpopeq oe Bpeqq, qlrrioq ouvr;Otriq 2 6trrg 12 ep6opo6cov xor Xoporqpi(eror ono oduvogfo rov treltrrv puir6v rvolv nou neprpotrtrouv rov nutrorplro ootrrlvo vo Xotroptiroouv tpuoLotroytr<o. Auro ro yeyovog 6XeL olg ouv6nero rr1

vtr.roq otrov

rqg rpotprlg ono ro or6poXo oro 6obexodoxrutro, pe onordtreopo qv unepntrflpoorl rou oropo1ou, q ono[o odqyei ouvr;0tog oe d;iero.

roprrvdrporog), ouvr10o9 oupnepilo;rpover ror rrlv errogrl

DuoXepq dL6treuor1

0t dropoprieq rou oropdXou e(voL

oouvrl0toTeq,

ouyyevrl uneprplqrKn nuAuptxrl ortvuor1. H evrovq noXuvorl rou treiou puirou Xrrtlvo rou nutro.tpou nopoqpe[tor neplnou oe 1:150 oppevo xor oe 1:750 Oqtreo efoipeoq

rolv enrnLoirtirv rtrodtov rqg oprqp(oq ou1flg, ro pel(ov en(nlouv dev vexptbveror, eqooov or enrntroiro( rtro-

6ot rrlg oproreprlg yoorpenrntroirlq opqpiog nopopr6vouv oroprl ordporot MepLx4 exropr1 rou oroyoyou (n.1. tr6yto oLtrlv rtrlv npoopeptrqp6vtov enrXdrpurrv trepqo66vov. 0r nu-

Aapxo( treprpallveq e(vor r6rouepog oqpovlxo(, 6tdl Xovror trepqo ono qv

d6-

nutrorprrq polpo rou oropoXou, dnou

ropr(vur1-lo e(vor ouv1Oeg. H trepqog

ouqg rrlg neproXqg

6toXereuetot K0r or0uq belrorjg yoorpenLntroixouq treUqo66veq, Ue onor6treopo or trepqodeveg ouroI vo npoopotrtrovror

H KOIAIA

A€lJQo6€v€C

ffi

201

otnv EKovo

t<ornnxoi

W nny"prn.oonnnvtKoi & roarp€ntnnoiKoi ffi rootp,xoi @ nzsosurao,o, fl nunuptxoi ffi

noyrpsorodddsKO6oKtu-

Erxrivo 2-41. A xor B. H trepqrxq n0poxsrsu0l rou oT0u0x0u, rou IsnTou rvrtpou, TOu on^nv0 KOr T0u nOYKps0r0q

A€p6o'iv€c otnv EtKovd B:

3 nnrrornroonnt)vtKoi B rotnnxoi A ou, r-t€o€vt€r)tot J nrnruo,roi

202

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

A€en nnottKn oprnpn Kotvoc nnouKaC nopoc

,uLtno1nuKo nn€VLto iltC nunotoC QnaPoC Kol tnc o0torspric tinottxnc oprnptoc XsinoC toLtic €nooaovoc €ntnnoou

HnouKoi Kno6or Onio0 ta

nv€ u l-t ovovoot p t Koi o nvsu LtovoVo otpt xo ) n poo? o @ pt oT€ po) arc n € xoc nv€u I,tovovo o Tpt Ko0 v€ 0 pou lo pt ors oo n v€uLtavovo arpt KA)

ottn€ xoc

v€ 0 pou (6€€t

0tooQovoc

(

.,\\\\'

I ozL,

\\ i\J N.

@ ,l-

nunopoC '1:

lt )/l t', /.d:.. ///l ,, t\ t

xonn60xoc

xiotn V1.

/./

",i,

,'./

'i1

^ tt€ n s xac n noLt K ti C o pLn pto novKp€oc Apt A€ Eto v0

af o Kn oDLt) t

a t ct

at€ pti

foot pod,Jda I 060x

ot pr Kri o pt D pio

I U(l 1^t1 OCt t

nptO

Exius 2-42. Avoroprl Tov ttvtullovoyoorptrdv veupov orlv rod,(0. To veupo rou oropoXou onoretro0v r<troOoug rou npoo0rou rol rou on[o0rou nveuUovoYooTptrou oretrdXoug. 0t nopooupnoOllrdq (veg qOovouv oro oropoXo peoor rou de{rorj r<or rou oprorepou nvsuU0v0y00Tplrou veupou, evo ot oupno0rlrLrdg rveg q0ovouv oro orripoXo peoo npoyoyytrrordlv rvtov rou Oe[rou Kor T0u 0proTspou oupnoOlrrrorj oretr6Xoug, or onoleg 6X0uv Ttq ouvo$eLg rOug 0r0 npoooprtro YoYYtrto. To duo etol veupotv ovol,ilyvfovrot oto nurvd dlxruo rolv veuprrorv ntreypororv orqv npoo0ro enrqoveto qg ooprqq, tDLoirepo yupo 0n0 Tov KopU0 rriq rodror<19 opqpiog, onou oXlpor((ouv ro roltrroxo ntreypo (Btrdne eniorlg Etr. 2-64).

ouxvo. Ie fipoxopnUdveq flrprnrd)oerq, T0 KopKrvtKo KUTT0p0 eqonlovovror Ue treUqoyevrl 6roon0p0 0Touq /(or.fuoKorq Aeprpodeveg,

rou

Bp[oKovror ouvo0poropsvot yr.tpo

0ro rqv

exquoq rqq roilLorqg opTnpioq (Ex.2-44\, enerd1 dtror

yoorprroi trepqod6veg peropLpo(ouv q tr6prrpo r0uq or 0uroug. 0 xopr<[vog rou oropolou pnope[ vo droonopei: (1)

rpoq r0 rtnop, (2) npoq rnv n0etro ror (3) oe olo ro unolorno odtgo, 6rop6oou rou pe((ovog 0oporrrof ndpou ror rou rptre$Lrou ouorrlporog (pI. Erx. 1 -39). H 6xrproq

yoorpxou o{6o9 ono ro rorXtogolrd rUrro-

tou oropoXou etrtlyxeror rupioq ono

T0 nvruUovoyoorpr-

xo vefpo. lr'ouro ro tr6yo peprr6q qop6g y[veroL drorogq

rtrlv rurrdpov rou. Ie Ueprr6q neprnrdroerg, 6Uoq, surn npooroo(o elvor ovenoprrlg xor ro yoorprro uypo droBprirvouv T0 plevvoyovo, npoxotrrivrog yoorpLxl ilrog. H un6pperpq dxxpLoq o[doq oxeri(eror Us nq BIdBeS our6g. H poyoropq pnope[ vo ouvduooOer pe XepoupyLrrl oporpeoq qq

etrrorrxrlg neproXrlg. IuXvo npoyporonore[ror exlexnr4 poyoropr1, xoro rr1 dLopreLo qg ono(og r6gvovror lrovov or yoorpLxoI rtrodor rou nvrupovoyootprroU. H extrexlrry poyoroUn 6Xer ro entOugqro onoretreopo ndvo oro o[eonopoyrrlyo rorXtopolro xr.rnopo rou oropoXou, Xop(q vo enlpeo(eL otrl,o xottrtord 6pyovo, nou veuptirvovror on6 T0 nveuUovoyo-

vou vo etrontoOei q nopoytoyrl o{eog oe nooXovreg ono ze-

tioerg tou otryouq rou oropoXou tpo(veror dn peroq6povror ono oupnoO4lxd ve0po, dedogevou otr ro otryog pnopei vo enLpever pero ond ntrqpq poyoropq, evdr, o-

nrx6

vriOero, ooOeve[g pe ogqorepdntreuprl oupnoOerroprl pno-

rtov oreLeXtirv T0u ilopoouUno0qrLxou (Bayoroprl) npoxerp6eAr<og (ntrqyr1

rou plevvoy6vou rou orogoXou

rou

6olDeroDorrutrou). Iuvq0orq o ptrevvoyovog rol,fnreror ono ptrtlvvo, 11 ono(o oXrlpori(er qpoyUo pero[u rou ol6og r<or

otptro.

pel vo nopouoro(ouv Drdrpqol o0ovovroL dtryog.

nenlrou etrroug Xroplg vo oL-

H KOIAIA

A€

it0

af ps

fo orpa606€ Ko6o n t n r) o t Kr)

Kru

203

tKn o ot n Dio

oDul0to HnottKn opntpio

,nnnvtKti Aptarcpi Vootp€nnnojKti OPI

nPto

opttjpto

Bpoxst€C VoorptK€C

oDtnoi€c

ntKn

opilloio

406€Ko6o Kruna

To€o tou RiolJn nou trb'srot utv KoTd novr psottKn optnpto art6od eO € Ko6o Kt u n t K h au Ltpon h I Ot TtjC ltjC vnOTtdt^tjC OpfnptOC ^tlO6Ot

N u

Avct

ovI noV

otol,t0oti n p0o1to

Kot npooetoc Koro) p€oro6(,)O s KoO o Ktu

211

oDut Dt(1c

Av(d

lJs a€ vrc

- 5n vnoil'tKn opfnpio

pto o pt n pio

Etxtivo 2-43. H oyyeio.rorl rou noyrpdorog, rou do0eroOoxruLou xot rou onlrlvo: npooOLo oQq Ano rrlv oupo rou noyrp6oroq eler orporpegei dvo Lenro repoXto yto vo tpovel 1 dtoro[r1 rotv oyyel0v oro eoorepLro rou opyovou. l-lpooe(re ort orrlv n0trr1 rou ontrrlvo eLodpXovror no],],rlg oprr1pi.eg. To oyye[o ouro elvot re],Lreq oprrlpteg, oL onoleg dev nopouoLo(ouv orlpovrrrdq ovooroprcloerg oro eooreptro rou ontrrlvo.

To Aenr5 fvrepo Ano rov nutrtrlpo ro nepreXopevo rou oropoXou 0roXereueror orc dudexodoxruAo (Etx.2-26 ror 2-31) ro ono[o onoretref ro np6ro rplpo rou trenrou svTepou. To otrtro 6uo rpqporo rou elvol 1 v1orda rol o er,leog. 0t etrrreg rou trenrou evrepou rorotropBovouv ro geyotrurepo p5pog rqg roilrorrlg roilorrlrog (Err. 2-25 ror 2-26). H ndQrl enuetre(ror rupfr,.rg oro ],enro evrepo, ro prlrog rou ono[ou norr[],],el ror roro gdoov opo ovepXeror oe 6 dog 7 perpo. H orpoipeoq gdXpL ror

btolrepo npoptrrlporo

6arde

rou i/3 rou trenrou evrepou dev nporoieI (trrr1 rou oropou.

xo66xruAo

To doderodorrutro onorel,e(

rc nptlro rprlpo tou Aemo1

evrepou (ELr. 2-26, 2-34,2-44 eotq 2-46 rot 2-52), ro onoio pp(oKeTor oe notr0 orevfl oXdoq pe ro noyrpeog. To doderodorrutro orotrou0eI qprrurtrLrou oXqporog nopeLo opXi(ovroq 0r0v nutropo,

nopeueror y0po ono rrlv rerpotrri K0r rov ouXevo rou noyKpeoroq rot erpotrtrer orrl vrlorrbo. H ovolrooio rou orpeLtreroL oro yeyovog ol dXer ouvq0og pqroq, ooo eivor ro ntrorog 12 borrrjtrov (nepLnou 25 er. ). H 0eor1 rou doDerodorrutrou norr(tr),er, otrtro opX((er orov nuLtrrpo (2-3 er. de(Lo rrlq peorlg ypo;.rprlq) rorerpotrtrerorrl

vrlorLdodudexa\oxruALrrl ouppoArl (2-3 er. oprorepo rnq U6olq Yp0uuns). To dodero6orruio onoretre[ ro ppoXurepo, ro eupurepo ror ro nro roOltropevo rprlllo rou i,enrou evr6pou. H oyxutr4 rou ptrdner np0q T0 novol ror oprorepo ror oxolou0et ro nepiypolrlro Trlq Kecpotrrlq

rot rou ouXrlvo rou noyrpeoroq. To broderodorrutro eXer e-

(orperrrrl orlpoofo, 6Lorr oe auto exBaAAouv o yoA7doylg Kor 0 nayxpeanxoq nopoq (Ew.2-49 ru 2-5i). Me e[o(peo4 ro nptilro 2-5 er., ro doderodorrutro pp[or<erot oe onLo1onepnovoixq 0eor1 (ELr. 2-48). l-ro nepryporpLxoug troyoug, ro 6o6exo6tixrutro 6lorpeiror oe reooeprg pofpeg, or ono[eg nopouoro(ouv rtg e[4g ovlororX[eg pe q onovdu],rrr1 orrltrq gtx.2-45,2-46 ror 2-S2): (1) a 0vu 4 nptitrrl poipo gporeror npoq ro epnpog ror ntroyro rou orirUoTOq Tou

01 onovdutrou, (2) 1 xarrcAoa 4 deireprygorpo oro de-

[ro rtrrv oroporcov rotv 01-03 onovdutrov, (3) | opt(ovrLa n rpftn 1roipo pnpooro ono ro odrpo rou 03 onovdutrou ror (4) 11 avtoAoo reraprrl po[po nou opXL(er oro oprorepo rou orirl-roroq rou 03 ror ovdpXeror peXpL rov 02 q oroprl ror rov 0l onovdutro. 0g er rourou 11 ovo ;.ro[po rou (14) rorrlovlouoo po(po rou (41) ppioxovror r7

pero[u roug oe onoorooq povov 5 er. H dvo (npdrrq) poipo rou 6o6exo6oxrrjtrou (ELr. 226,2-27,2-43 eoq 2-46 ror2-52).'EXer prlrog neprnou 5 er. ror onoretrei rrlv nro eur[vr1rq po(po rou drrlderodorrutrou. Aplr(er

204

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

A€LtQo6s vs

OtoofovtKoi Kno6ot

nunoio Qn€Bo

Aptat€p!) yootpt Kt, opt n pio

,q,\

HnonKi opLtitJto

Kot On€Fo

.,rr4, Xonn6oxoc nopoC Yn

t p6o

A€ K o 6a Kt u n

tdLro novKo€oroc

n o pr !1 p i0

nundooc

foatpoOe6€Ko6oKtuntKi crptnpio

npoo1n ovo noyKp€ctro 6tu6 € KoAo Ktun Kh opttl pio t

A€€!o

ot()Ent

n n

0upo

ti o pt t1p io

novKp€oToc

K€Oonh noVKp€otoC

NrloTr6o

npoa0to ove noVKp€oro. AeA€ Ko60 rcu

Kh o pt

As€to KontKi optnpil Kot eni60

:i',

ErntoKontKti opulpro Kot An€6o

.t!

'.x npdogto oan

. ii

?;,

,. \ ':-li-f) il\,-' lrttj , 11.'"1

,q,:ft'

rl,

Etxtivo 2-44. llptio0ro

orf.rq ovoropLrou nop0oKeuooploroq dtlOeKod0KT0I0u, royKprioroq K0r Xo),nO0X0u n0p0u. lipooe[re o1 ro do6erodorru],0 nernv KsQ0trrl rOu r0YKp6or0g, ro0tirg rot ort q npdrrrl po(po rou (ovoonoo;.u1v1) enrrotrunrer ro noyrpeog Kqr ngpsueTor npgq T0 nioo, ovtrl rot de[to. I-lpooe[re en(o1g ort ro otitlto rou noyxpdorog oXrlpor((et rolo, ro rupro Xei],og rou ono(ou ptrdner npog ro epnpog, erei 6nou ro opyo-

ptB0trtret

vo droorouptitvsTor Us

Tl onovDutrLxl orr1tr1. Aprotspn

VooTprKti

Mtvorln novKoaottKti

oprnpto

Kot

ooutotct

On€0o

1 I

KoDLtoc KOtnto^t1c

olJlltptoc

flnouKu

optupll

nunaio Qn€po xonn60xoc noooc

tnnnvrKtl oputtJio Kot On€Bo

Errdvo 2-45. 0n(o0ro o{.r1 ovoroptrou nopo-

oreuooporog rou 6o-

derodorru),0u,

Tou

1:t

noyrpeorog K0r

TOU

l. ..ru'..'

Xotr1ddxou nopou.

lio-

poqpelore orr o Xotr4DoXog n6pog rordpXeror peoo oe enrp1r4 o0-

NtloTt6o KsQonh

novKp€otac Koftn p€a€v'ttpn Qn€Bo Avo) I,t€o€vt€pto opttiplo Kot en€pct

Kotvo or€n€xoc onto0roc Kot(D Kot npooenc K p s o r add6: Kobo K t u rl Kt tC o p t tltJto:

Ko I tu nov

A€LrOoVoVynto

ioro

(Drovotypevl oe

ouTd To ttopooKeuoopo) rou onio0rou rprlUoroq Trlq reqol,1g rou noyrp6oroq.

H KOIAIA

Ets pvo€t M €a o

Q o € t6 ti C o pe

K n € t 6 r K t1 V p

o I,t Lt

205

pa on u

rlt -t,

tnnnvoc

AtonunopKo €nin€6o

Aptar€pAc v€Opoc

Atol-tQonrKo €ntn€60

llpoo)to ovto noyovto oKovea

EouFtovtnt nfuxtt l't: ,:,'i::r:iri'::

.;..'if .':l: :l:ii:::'..'::.!ii :

r:,r.tjt:i+

:i:

Ava x€inoc

nBtKnC ouLtAuonc

Errdvo 2-46. Entcpoverorrl npo$otrrt rou 0co0ero0orrutrou (A), TOU noyKpsoToq, rov vsqpov, rou onLlvo Kor {ov rnrvrQprditriv (E). llpoo6[re dro oXrlporoq U dodexoOorrulo (A), ro onoio neprBoLLer rqv reqoLq rou noyrp6oroq (K), Bpioreror novor ono rov olupotro xor orL ro d0o oKpo Tou Bplorovrol rovro ro evo oro otrtr0"

oTov ttutro]po Kor ropeferor npoq T0 de[Lo, nioul ror eloQptiq npoq r0 novo, npog r4v rore[Ouvor1 rou ouX6vo qg Xotr4ddXou xuorrlg ror rou delrorj veqpo0. Eror, oXrlpori(eL oXeddv op0n Vo-

rru),ou gerorrve(ror po(( pe ro oropoXo. To neprqeprrrl rlgrou r4q dvo poipog rou dorderodorrutrou dev dro0drer peoevrdpro, elvor orivqro ror npooquerol oro on(oOro roilrox6 ro[Xtrrlro (Err. 2-

vlo pe rov nutrurpo, pdoo ono rov ono(o ro nepreXdpevo rou

48A).

poXou dtoXereueror oro dorderodorrutro.

oTo-

delL6g npdoOteq ntro-

yteq uKTrvoypoqieq, q ovtrl po(po rou doderodorr0trou rpo(verol elorpenro 0poxeio troyor 14g tro[[q roryrovuirdoug nope(og qq. H opXq q I{xu0og rqq ovor pofpoq rou doderodorr0trou ovopo(eroL

ono roug orlvotrdyoug BoApoq rcu 5udexo\axrlAou (Etr. 318). To opXrxd rlpLou rqg ovtrr

1.ro[poq

rou 6ode rodorrutrou

rpdpeL

peoevrdpro xol e(vor eux(vr1ro. Enerdrl npoorprjovror oe outo rooo

ro pe((ov en(ntrouv, ooo ror o 4norcdudexodoxruAxog olvdeopog (Err. 2-27), to opXtro rlpLou rqg dvtrr po[pog tou dtrlderodo-

U xlpteg oyeoeq rrlq avu po@ag rou doderodorljtrou e(vor orefrlq (Err. 2-48 etrlg 2-50 roL 2-52):rpoq T0 egftpoq pe r0 ile-

ruorq ror rov rerponLeupo tropo rou rlnoToq, rpoq to n[ou pe ro XotrqddXo nopo, rrlv nutro(o rptr6po, rqv rdror roitrr1 Qtr6po xor rr1 yoorpodroderodorrul,lrrl oprqpio, npog to novu pre rov ouXrlvo rrlq XotrrlddXou ruorrlg Kor rpoq ro KaTu pre rov ouXevo rou noyrp6orog. Aoytrr rrlg orevqq ox6onq rrlq pe rr1 XotrqdoXo ruoq, 1 npdo0ro enrqdveLo qq dvur go[pog rou doderodorrul,ou e(vor ouv1Oog Xotropoqnq oro nr6poro. pLrovoro,

Xotr16oXo

206

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

foorptKn EntOov€to

noVKp€oC Epo\so vootptKo

ovvilo -

Aptattpoyootp:ntnf,otm

ovy€ut

0nio?toC nonoC

foorpoonnnwryoc oiv6€oLtoc, Ltioo arov onoio

Qipovrot

Ava xEif,oc (ut €vrou€c)

t n n n v ov€Qp

6 C

a u v6€ opo

n€pt€xov: 2nnnvtKo

-.1

oYv€to

oupo noyxptotoc

) Etxout 2-47. H ontroxvrrrl enLqovero T0u

4 NsQprKn €ntfovsro

onLrlvo. l--lpooe[re rrq

KontKn

€ntOov€!o

i 1,:rg

.!--

Xoporqplorlrdq rvToU6q

npoo9to x€inoc

oro ovto Xe[],oq rou,

llpooelre orr ouroq

Koro x€inoC

nrtoportr6g onl4vog rpdper evrundpoTo rov

doprlv nou Bplorovrov oe enoQrl uo([ rou.

H xorroUoo (6edrepq) poipo rou dtodexqdqxrUtrou (Err. 2-26, 2-43 eog 2-46, 2-48, 2-49,2-51 xor 2-52).

Au-

1 po(po rou boderodorrutrou 6Xer prlrog nepinou 7, 5 er. ror orepe(rot peoevrep[ou. KorepXeror onro0onepuovoiro xoro pr1-

r0u delro0 ntroyiou rorv 01 -03 onovdutrrrrv. Koro rrlv ro0odo qg, tp6peroL npoq T0 belro xor nopoltrqtro npoq Tnv rorol roitrq qtreBo. 0 lotr46riyog ndpog (rorvog Xotrlrpripog nopog) ror o ruptoq royKpeorrrrlg nopog erpotrtrouv oro on[o0ro eoo ro[Xtogo rrlg rorrouoog lrorpog rou doderodorrutrou, oro opro nep(nou pero[u rou deur6pou Kor Tou rplrou rpurlgop[ou rqg. 0r nopor ouroI eto6pXovror trolo oro ro[Xtogo 14g, onou ouvrl0orq ouvev6v0vr0r K0r oXrlpor((ouv ppoXu 6reupuop6vo ooltrr1vo, rtN nnaronayxpeaux4 Arlr<u10. Aurrl 11 trqruOog (nou noiororepo treyorov trrlru0oq rou Vater) erpotrtrer orrlv roputprl qq pei(ovog doderod0rrutrLrrlg 04trr19 nou evroni(eror oe onooroorl 8-1 0 er. ond rov nutropo. To oropro qq trqrf0ou etrSyXeror ono rov orptyxt1pa Tnq nftoronoyt<peauxr1q A1xl1ou, o ono(og e(vor oe 0do4 vo rrlv nepLotplyyeL, dlore vo etrdyXeL rr1 dr6treuor1 14q 1otrqq Kor r0u n0yrpeortxorj errp(porog oro dtoderodorru),0. Ie peprxoug ovOponouq 0 XotrqdoXog nopog ror o noyrpeorrrog nopoq dev ouvevdlvovror, otrtro erpotrtrouv Xrrlproro orq pei(ovo dtrlderodorrutrLul Koq

enIn.

(ELr.2-26,2-43, eorg 2-46,2-48,2-49 ror 2-52).'Eyu prlroq 10 er. nep(nou, nopeueror opL(ovr(otg ono belro rpoq r0 oprorepo oro

u{.rog

rou 03 onovdu},0u, drepxoUevn pnpooro ono rrlv rorul

qv oopr1 Kor Trlv xorot geoevr6pro opqp[0. H opr(ovrto goipo rou dtrlderodorrul,ou nopouoro(er en[oqg onto0oneprrovoirq evrrinro4 ror npooquerol oro on[o0Lo roil,roro ro[roitrl

qtrepo,

x(')u0

qq opL(lvrLoq poipoq rou dudexodaxrlnplgro epnpog pp[oreror oe enorprl ge qv ovtrl

x1prcg oyeoaq

,trou eivor or e[r1q:

opqp(o ror 6Lrreg rou trenrou evr6pou, npoq ro nfuu ro de[rd pei(ovo r[loiTn UU, pe r4v roro roitrq rplepo, rqv ooprl Kor Ue To de(ro ouplrqpo, ev6 npog ro navu pe rqv reqotrrl rou peoevrepLo pe

noyrpdorog Kor Ue T0 ovto peoewepro oyye[0.

H ovroUoq (rer6pr4) poipo rou 6o6ero6oxrUtrou (Err. 2-26, 2-43 eorg 2-46,2-48,2-52

2-53). Aurq q BpoXero

porpo (plroug 2, 5 er. nepinou) ovdpXeror oprorepo

qg ooprlg,

pnpooro ono ro oprorepo verpprrd oyyero geXpr ro 0r!oq tou 02 onovdrjtrou. Erei ouvovro ro odrgo rou noyrpeorog ror ou;rpotrtret

ge q vr1orrdo, or1 v4ottdodudexadaruuilx7 xapn4, onou ro;lnreror on6ropo (npog ro epnpog) peronlnrovrog orrl vrlorLdo. Anore-

ro neprqeprxo orpo rou doDerodorr0trou, xotrunreror on6 nepuovolo rol elvor rrvlro. Ev rourorg, ro geyotrurepo pdpog ourqq qq poipoq rou Drrldexodorr[],ou nopouoLo(er onloOonepuovoirl treI

x1prcg oyfoeLg r4g xarrcAoag poipag rou dudexodoxr1Aou etuu ot t{4q $v. 2-52): npog ro e1nplq eqdnreror Ue r0 eyropoto rotrov, ro eyropoLo geoorotro xor peprreg 6trrreg rou tre-

nrof evrepou, nplq ro nroo

H opr(6vno (rp(rq) poipo rou 6o6exo6oxrrjtrou

rqv nutrr1 rou 6e[rou veqpou, ro veqprrd oyye(o, rov oup4rrlpo ror ro ge[(ovo r!olq pu, evor npog r0 eou pt qv reqotr4 rou noyrp6or0q, Tov r06pXeroL oe oX6o1 pe

yrpeorrro nopo ror ro XotrqdoXo nopo.

evronrorl, e(vor oxfv1ro ror npooquerol oro on[o0ro roilroro ro[1rrl1ro. H vrlorrdodtoDeroborrutrrrrl ropnrl unoorqp[(eror ond rvol.rutidr; rorvio nou ovogo(erot xpepoor1pog

UUq

rou dudexadaxrl-

(orjvdeogog rou Treitz). To ovrr.rrepo rprlpo ourrlq qq trenr1q rorv[og nepreXer ypolrlitordq pu1169 iveg, ro peoo rpqpo rqq ono-

iou

H KOIAIA

207

fto tov K€pKof1po nog) tou hnoto|

fto rn vultvn €ntQovtto tou inotoc

no rc 6€€to no?o tou inorcC

otooQaVoC Kot

optot€pi voatptKn optnpio

Pi<o €VKdpotou LtsooKonou

..-1i

fn to Kottov Konov

no ro n€nto €vtEpo

fto ro ovtov Konov

Avto

pttotwtpro

optnpio

Pi<o lr€o€vr€piou n€nrcU

€vttpou

Oupntnpoc

ApE

f 'I\9g!',:,:22

Kor QntBo

ro n€nto tvtEpo

ovoE tdnc auv6€ opoC

nome poc Apt

ots

o,,

oC tp iva voc

v6€ a Lr oC

Avu Korlndln €nnnoKou 0unoKou tn

nvov€Opt Koc oUv6€oLt oc

1,"., a€Aoc wiyavoc oAv6€ouoc

Aptat€pO €ntvEQpi6rc

Aptor€pn vsQprKn Qn€po

AE€to v€OprKi

0ptnoio

A€€to opnKn aptnpto Kot Qn€Bo

AptorEpn opnKn opLnpio Kot Qn;po

nunoro rproOct Oupo noVKptoroC

Erxtivo 2-48. To onio0ro ror),roro onIoXVo Kor 0r oxsNhar60

oetq Touq. A. Me

ro dolDerodorruLo

Kor T0

noyrpeog

orq 06oq roug. To Betrog ero6pXeTor orov entnl,oiro Ou),oro. B. To doderoDorrutro ror ro noyrpeog 6Xouv oQorpe0e[.

A06€Ka6dKrrtno Evr€ptKo aW€io

208

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

Oof,oc

Anj rnv

KoiTu ulc xonnOAxou

Kiornc

Xann6oxoC KUoilj

j::

Bn€vvoyovoC

tKo€ tO ti C Pon 0 t6o

Ano tov

tou

AoFot

inoroC

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KUAttKOa nOpOU

Kotvoc tlnouKoc napoc

Xonn6oxoc noooc

tKoup tKoC noVKosorr Koc

nopoc

nunopoc An

ofn

orcnLt€vt1

€ ntAo vE

-,|. :i,q{.\j *: ,t,dttl'-t' :.6f K0 g

Kotrcuao n 2n popo

a n o

VKp

€ ot t K t't tl

T.*

oc novKpsou

, ,r ',"

oc nopoc

"1,1-,

6o6€Ko6oKTrinoL)

,,*

t1 A

u 0

Etxtivo 2-49. l'1poo0to 6{.q ovoropLrou nopooreuoopoToq Tov e[coqnortrorv Xotrrltpoprrlv oddv ror rov iloyKproTlr<tirv nopov. tlpooe[re ort o ruortr6g nopoq eivot rotrntitdrlq rot 6rt o Blevvoyovoq rou oXrl;rort(er eLtroer0rl nruXl (etrrroer01q Bofp(60). iloporrlpelore orL o r0prog noyKpsortr6g nopog U0 Touq rtrodoug rou poLo(eL Us rUopoKoKKoIo, evdr o rolvog rlnortrdq nopog Us T0uq r),oOoug rou ;roro(er Ue qutrtropotro devdpo. llpooelre dl oe ouro ro nopoore[oopo o enrKouprKog noyrpeolrciq ndpoq enlrorvovel pe rov rupro noyrpeolrd nopo.

TsLe(Tor ono etr0oTtKd roro, evd) T0 K0T6Tep0 TUnU0 Tnq neprsxer tre(eg gu1169 [veg.

0 rpepoorrlpoq gug rou doderodorrutrou

dL6p-

xeror ono rqv ovrr,r enrqdveto rrlg ovrorloog (reroprqq) goipoq rou dodexodoxrutrou Kor Trlq vrlorrdododerodorrutrrrqg ropnrlg xor dtotpeiror oe 6uo rprlporo. To 5vo rprlpo npoorpueror oro delro or6trog rou brorppoy;rorog, rovro or0 orooQoyrKd rprlpo, evdl ro otrtro tgtllro npooqueror oro ouvdelxd rord nou neprpotrtrer rov xoppo

rortrrorr;g oprrlpiog. 0 xpepoorqpaq UUq rlu dudexo-

or4p(eL rq vrlorLdoduder<odaxruAx4 xopn4 xu dreuprlyov[o r4q, 6reurotruv0vT0q Ue ouro rov rpono rr1 6rdtreuo4

dot<rAAou

vet

rou evreprxou nepreXop6vou.

qg ovnloog

poipoq rou 6todexodorruLou e[vor or e€nq: rupoq ru epnpog eqonreror pe rqv opXrl rqg p((oq rou t<ApLeq

oyeaeq

peoevrep(ou roOtirg roL pe 6trrreg rrlq vrlorrdog, npoq, To n[ou eqonreror pe rov oproTspo pe((ovo rpoiTl UU Kor Ue T0 oprorepo Xeitrog

ooprqq, nplg to eoar dpXeror oe oXdorl pe

rerpolrl rou

noyrpeorog, evdl npoq ru navu pe ro otitpo rou opyovou.

H KOIAIA

209

Erxrivo 2-50. 0r oXeoeLq rrlg XotrqdoXou ruoqg, np09 To eonLoXvrrl enrUnp6g pe ro npoo0lo ror),roro roiXopo roL

qovero rou lnorog ror nplq ro nfuu pe ro eyropoLo r<o),ov ro06g roL pe qv ovtr-r rot 11v rolouoo poipo rou 6oDerodo-

AnQpovuo

rrf],ou. 'Hnop

Xonn6oxoC KUOTN

Transve rse EyKopato Konov

npoo0ro Korn ro Ko

Toixol-to

Xn eKQueror 0n6 Tn vnoTrdododeroborrutrrxrl ou;rpotrr; xor

EntLtnKnC

roreuOuveror npoq r0 novot xor oprorepd. Ie peprxo oropo n(oo ond ouq qv nruXri oXrlgor((eroL ro avu dudexolaxtuAtxo xoAnupo, rou ono(ou ro ordpLo ptrdner npoq ro roro^ Mro xoro dtrlderoOoxrutrrr<4 nruXq erre(veroL on6 neprqeprr6 rprlgo rou dodexodoxrutrou npoq ro opLorepo. Ie notrtroug ov0pdrnoug ourrl q nruX4 roLfnrel rc xoru dudet<odoxril,rc6 xoAnugo, rou onoiou ro ordpro ptr6neL npoq r0 ovro. H onioOro enupdvero rou retrLrou rgrlporog

Mâ&#x201A;Źizov 0nnn

ntuxh

rrlg ovrorioog pofpog rou 6roDerodoxrutrou xotrunreror ono neprrovoro.'Eror, gerolu rou ovto xor rou rorco do6ero0orrutrtxou rotrn6porog oXrlpor((eror rc onLo?odulexoda-

xruAm6 xdAnupa. Meprrrig Qop6q, n xorol peoevrdpro qtrepo nporotrer ro oXqgonopo nopodtoderodorrutrLrrlg nruxng, n(oo onrj Trlv ono[u oe ourq qv nepinrtrloq oXrlpor((eror nopodudexadarcuAx6 x1Anupo. To r<dtrnopo Etrdvo 2-51. H eooreprrrl enrQuvero rrlq KoTro[oos lroipog rou drrlderodorrutrou, nou 6e[Xver rtg e],rroeLddrg droroypeveg nTUXrq nou 0v0pro(ovror rur),orepelg nruXdg.

llpooe[re orr 4 per(olv dcoberodorru],r-

11 0111 npoBotrtrer puloo oe ouro ro rpqpo rou d1116er<odorrul,ou.

ropurprl rqg Oqtrr1q our4q pploreror

Iqv

ro oropro rou XolrldoXou nopou,

evtir rortrl ono ouro BpioxeroL ro oropro rou ruprou noyrpeorrrou nopou. Iuvrl0otg 0uT0[ 0r duo nripor erBotrtrouv po(r. llpooe{re on 11 e-

trooottv doberodoxruLrrrl 0r1h1, or4v onoio erBotrtrer o enrrouprroq noyxpeolxog nopog, Bpioxeror nep(nou 2 ex. pnpooro roL novto ono

pei(ovo Doderodorrul,Lr4 0qtrq.

ourd evron((eTor oillv oproreprl ntreupd 11g vrloldodoDero6orrutrrxl19 ougpotrrlq, evo ro ortlprd rou ptrdner rpoq r0 de[Lo. To Doderodorrutrrrd ro],ncirporo gnope( vo ouvevo0ouv, ondre oXqgorL(eror evo peyotro rdtrntrllro. IuXvo ro vrlorL6o6oDexo6oxruLo-;reooxo),rrd rotrnopo, ro ono(o ouvr10rog onoxotre(ror

oluiotrlq ndvo on6 0L

peooxoAtx6 xoAnupo, evron((eror vrloldodoOerodorrutrrxrl xopnrl.

oprqpieg rou 6to6exo6oxrflou (Etr. 2-43 6o9

45). To doderodoxrutro 6Xer ntrouoro oyye(otor1. Enerdrl npo6pXe-

210

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

A pt

ar€ p n v oar p

K t1

o pt

novKp€oc

tnnnvrKn optnpio

tnnnvoC ,nov6untKo Enin€6o

nundid

@A€Bd

o12

xonn66xoc nopoc EntndoiKo QuLto r o ot po 6 ti

6 € Ks6 a

Kru nrKi

apup ia

N€QPOC

Avu Lr€o€wega optnpis Kdt QAEBo AVKrcrpo€tOnC

anoQuon

Koto uEosvrtoro ofinpio Kot QAl:Po Aopm OuDntnoac

Erxrivo 2-52. l-lpoo0ro 6Qq ovoroprLrou nopooreuoogoT0g

TOU

nOyKpe0T0q K0r Tov yttTovrrdrv rou 0op6v,

flpooe[re ort q oyrtorpoetdqg onoqu-

npoBotrler npoq Tn Ueol ypoUUll, nrool ono r0 ovo UeoevT6pLo oyyeio. 0t opL0plpeveg porpeg rou 6oberoborr0tr0u elvot: xorouoo UoLpo, (3) opr(ovrto polpo rot (4) ovtouoo ltoLpo.

or1

Erxrivo 2-53. Avoroprr<o nopooreuoo1to

M€aoKono

) ovtrl ltotpo, (2)

rov doderodorruLtrdlv nru-

Xtlv rol roLnoporov (Beln). To eyropoLo roLov rlXouv ovoonooOef.

llpood[re Tl oxsor] T0uq Us

r<ot

ro peoevreptcl rou

rr1 vqortdoDtrlderodo-

rrutrrrrl ropnq Kor rov 0prorepo vetppo. To nopododeroDorrutrLt<o t<o),napo (apLorepo BeAoq) evron[(erot eoolreprro rot nloo 0ro rr]v K0-

, '.:: .:, t: +

N€QPOC

it.

& ",&4, " ';9,

peoevr6pro rptrdBo, ovopeou

ot ourlv

Kor orrlv ovtotjoo po[po rou

doderodorrutrou. l-loporrlpeiore ro ovrrr boderodorru),Lr<o r<oLnopo (avu BtAoq), ro onolo eLdyXeroL ono r1v ovro doberoDorrutrtul nru11, ro roro Dolderodorrutrrro rotrniopo (xaru BeIoQ, ro onofo etr6yleror ono r1v roro doderoDorrutrrrfl nruXrl roOtrrq rot ro ontoOoOoderodorrutrrr<d r<o),nopo (de16 BEAoq). H rorco doDerodorru),rrq nruXf dev nepr6Xer oyyeio, otrtro 1 ovo doderodorrutrLr<i1 nruXl neprdXer ouXvo

qv roro peoevrepto

qtrepo. To UeVotro Betroq 6e[XveL ro

peoorotrrro r6Lnor;ro.

ror o[;lo rupfog ono rqv ovto Kor Trlv xota nayxpeotodudexodartuAtxrl oprr1pfu, ot ono[e g onoretrouv rtrodoug qg yoorpobode{

AptaEpn KontKn optnpio

t".*{a?*q

l"'.':.

.;.

Kota u€o€vttpn OntPo

rodorrutrrxrlg Kor Tlq ovtrr preoevr6proq oprqproq, ovr(orolXo. To eyyfq lprlropro rou dtoderodorrutrou dSXeror o(po ono r1u avu noyxpearodudexa\oxruAxq aprrlpfu , evtl ro neprqeptro lpr1ropro ono lr1v

xoru noyxpeatodudexadoxtuAtxrl opr4pia. To oyye(-

o ouro ovooroptirvovror ror oXqpor((ouv ro npooOro rot ro onloOro

opqpnx1 ro{0, ro oro[0 ror ono ro npdoOro K0r T0 U{ioo 6vrepo rou eppptlou, ddXerot o(po ono rqv xotAnrrl oprqpfu (rou npoo0Lou evr6pou) rot qv riua; pe-

oevrepn opr1pto (rou g6oou evrdpou). To Dodero6orrutro deXe-

svron((ovTot oTrl yov[o nou oXrlport(e-

perol0 rou doderodorrul,ou rol rou noyrpeorog. To ov6repo rpflpo rou doderodorrutrou d6Xerot olpo ono: (1) rrlv dvrrr dardexadarcuALxrl opr4ptu, (2) q de{rd yoorpLx4 apr1pia, (3) q de{td roL

H KOIAIA

H nponutroprxn qlepo sfvor orlpovlK4 ono rtrrvLrrlq 0ftdqreoq, enerDrl Xpnoruonorr(T0r 0n0 Touq Xerpoupyofq

llivoxog 2-4, Aepqurl n0pox6Teuq yooTpevreprK6v opyovtrjv

-qpyavo

0toorpoyog (roLtrtoxrl

Entxdpnt /.ep(pa64,vei Kewpmoi Aepqa'Eveg Aprorepo( yoorpu<oI

oq 0dly6 onue(o yro rov evronropd Tnq yoorpododerodo-

KottrroxoI

rrutrrrrlg ouUPolnq

porpo)

IrdpoXog

Iomprxo[, yqorpoenr-

lloyxpeorodoldexoDoxru-

ItxoI xor nuloprxol NrlolDo ror eiledq

lVeoevr6pror

lloyxpeoroonlrlvrxoI

trepgrxli nopo;16reuoq rou 6o6exo6oxrritrou (Err. 2-41 , 2-44,2-45 xor 2-60 tl(voroq 2-4).Io treprpoyyeio Tnq npo-

HnqlKo[

KottrroxoI

oeroq Kor Tlq 0ni'oeroq enrQoveroq

r<or dvo-r

TOU 6odeKoDoKTUtrou 0v0oT00upeolq T0uq or0 r0[XoUo rou dodeK0d0rru],0u. U6vovT0r Ueroqu To npooOro treptpoyyero 0K0),0ueo0v Trq opTnp(sq Kor eKpotrtrouv

peoewepror

Avo peoevrepror r<or

nutrorprroI 'Hnop

KortrroxoI r<ot ovro peoevrd-

npoq r0 novo oroug noyKpeoT06udexodoxruAxoag Aepqadeveq

pr0r

(r<upLcog) r<or

K0T0 unKoq Trlq ontrlvrKtlq 0pTnpioq Kor orouq

Kor),roroI rot nopoorepvtxo(

qpevLxot (ev pd.peQ

Xo).ndoxoq xumrl ror

KuolxoI

r<or

rlnotroI

deueq roro

ovrov

r<or

Kotrov (To

eyrdporo

npdro

Eileorotrrro[, nopoxotrtxoI

Avtr.r peoewdptoL

0T0q Kor erpotrouv rpoq T0 K0T0t oTouq ovu peoevrepLouq AIUQIdereq, or ono(or svTon[(ovTor yupo ono rrlv 6rquoq Tng ovo Ue-

rol g6oot rotrrxol

duo

rpurlpopLo) Eyr<opoLo xo),ov (retreu-

ro(o rpurlpdpto) xorLov

r<or

nu\upLK\ag Mpgo-

plrog qq yooTpodo6eKodorrutrrrrlq oprrlp(oq. T0

0n0y0ly0 treprpoyyeio eKB0ltr0uv 0T0uq Kot^t0Korjg treprpo6iveg. To on(o0to treprpoyye(o dtepXovrot nioo ono rnv KeQoIrl rou noyKpe-

Kottrtor<oI

Xotrrypopoq nopog Tutptro, oxroLrlroerdrqq,

e6o€oq Tou nuLoprKou oTop(ou.

ontrrlvu<oI

lloyxpeoq

Kor Trlq

KoilLqrol

nloixoI ror noyxpeoroAoDeKobdxruLo

211

oevreprog 0pTIlpr0q. llopoxoltxoI

r<or

evdrd-

H vef ptoo4 rou 6o6exo6oxrritrou (Eu.2-42 ror 2-61. ptr. enroqg Err. B-33). To 6toderoddnutro veuptirvsTor 0n0 To nveuuovoy0oTprro ror T0 0uurlo0rlTrKo, 6ropeoou TOV ntrSyU0TOV

Kdtro peoevrdpror

peoot xokxol

otypoer66q

rdtrov

Tov rI0yKpsor0dodeK0d0KTUtrrrdrv

Iro 6otdero60KTU),rKd ritrxog, eidoq neftnKol e;'Kluq, o Btrevvoyrivog droppdrveror xot oXrlpori(er evo ro[trotpo, ro 0no[0 Uoro(er Us Kpornpo, nou eroXtrlpel 0r norKltro Bo0oq or0 To[XoUo Tou 6o6eK0D0rrUtrou. To 6r,ldexo-

yoorptnLnAoixrl opr4pfu rot (4) 14 yoorpodu6tKadorruALxr1 opr4pr0. AuTeq or opqpieg ovooropurvovror ouXvo gerolu roug. 0r rpA6Beg rou 6to6ero6qxrUAou (Etx. 2-40,2-44,2-45 r0r 2-52). Ie yevrreg ypogUeq or qtrepeq orotrou0ouv lg oprrlpreg r0r erpotrtrouv oro nu\o[o

opr4prdrv.

doxrulrxti elxq ouv40rog evron((ovror orn trIKUeo n ,,Boi-

oior1po.0l neprooorepeg 6otdero-

po" rou doderodoxrutrou (ErK.2-31).

Ie peprxdg neprnrtiroerq r0 6trxog urp(ororor drorprloq, rl ono[o enupdner oro nepreXdpevo rou dodeKodorrUtrou vo sro6l0er orrlv repr-

dorrul,rreg qlepeq expotrtrouv orqv riua.r peoevrepLo rpAeBa, peptreg qtrepeg optrrg erpotrtrouv roreu0e[ov orrlv nu],0[o qlepo. ynopXouv en(oqg notruoprOpeg gu<p5q Qlepeq orrlv npoo0Lo r<or

TovoiKll K0rtrdTnT0, npoxotrdrvrog nepuov(160. Ae6opevou oTt 1 ovrrr polpo rou 6(l)de rodorrutrou ppror<eror no],u K0vr0

oqv

on(ooro enupoveto rou ov0repou rprl;roroq r0u dodeKodoKTUtrou, peprrdg ono rrg onoLeq expotrtrouv oTrq avu nayxpeoroludexodoxruALxeg gAtBeg. Mto ono lg npdo0reg qlepeq, rl 0n0(0 trs-

oT0

nilop Kur orl Xotrq6dXo rfor4, xo06vo ord T0 dpyovo

ouro gnope( v0 npooKotrI1Oer oro DoderodoxrutrLrd dtrroq 11 vo 6roppo0e[ orrj 0uT0. H yeuvroorl rou doderodoxru-

yeror nponutroprxri gtrepo (rou Mayo) ovepXeror gnpooro 0nd Tov nutrorpo ror erpotrtrer oTn ds{td yooTpLKn rpAe|o.

trou pe rr1 Xolnddxo r<uor4 (Err. 2-27 xot 2-50) epprlve0eL TII OUXVOTTIT0 ue Trlv Ono[0 nopoTnp0uvToL oulupuoerg oe o-

:r-, :l:a'i i:i:i! :_j

:r:,.

'. : - .-

r:.:-,.

,:.. ;tai ::,_]€,",

.--

. _-*:=.;l _-_':

Erxtivo 2-54. Tprlporo rou ),enrou evr6pou nou OeiXvouv T0 eooreprro

rrlg vrloldog ror rou

ertreo0.

lloporqpelore ort oro eyyug rprlgo rrlq vlorrbog or povrpeg rurLorepelg nruXdg eivor eupeye0eLg, u{1),dg roL nurvo 0roroypeveg (A), Xoprltreq rol oporeg oro eyyug rprlpo rou eileou (B), evri orov retrtr6 ertred (t) treinouv navretrtirg. l-lpooe[re orr 11 dropeTpoq Tou outro[ rou eileou elvor etrorrop6v4 oe

i:.:::;i.:i:: r e-::

ouyrptorl pe ere[vr1 r1g v4orrdog, r<o0rilg ror

orL

treptpo(rdro nporoLouv uneyrlpoerg oro rolXrrlpo rou

reLrrou erleo0.

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

212

M€ilov €ninnouv EyKopato K6nov

Aa6€KoAaKtuno

Ava p€otvt€pto opmpto

Pilo Lr€o€vtspiou n€nrcu €vtEpou Kouov Kon@/

Errdvo 2-55. To preoevrdpro rou trenrou eAvtov Konov

vr6pou. To peyotr0re-

Konkfi ntvio

po U6poq rqg vloldoq Kor rou eileo0 6Xouv

oqorpe0er. l-lpooe[re orr rl pi(o Tou UtotvTt-

tuannKo€6nC

p(ou errelverot, oro-

onoQuan

trou0rirvrog trottt nope(o, ond

optorepfl

npoq Trl de[ro ntreupo, oe

plrog 15 er. orouq

evq),rroug (ptrene

eni

o1q ELr 2-81).

T0uo ue ersrooDro xoioKuor[Ttdos (QIeYu0vnq Tnq xotrnd6xou x0ornq). Auq q ox6on epUnvefet en(or1q rov tpono pe rov ono(o Xotrotrr0og pnope( vo e[etrxtiroet rov nu0p6-

vo rrlg XotrqdoXou rriorrlg rot vo etodtr0et oro dtorprl06v 6tr:0exo0orrutro. E{orrioq qq orevrlg oXdoetoq Tou noyxprioroq pe ro dtrrderodoxrutro (Etx. 2-44,2-48A xot 252), o od6vog outtig pnope( vo OLoppo0ei on6 on(o0to 6tr:6ero6orrutrrxo 6)rro9. ALoBpuo4 t?g yoorpodudexo-

Xtop(q vo riOeror oe xivduvo t1 oyyeiooq rou veqpod

rou

oupnrnpo. To dodexodorrutrtrd rotrn6poro gnopei vo onoretr6oouv 06oerg evdonepuovoir6v t1 eoatrepLxriv rqAdtv. Konoro rltrrxo rou trenrod evrdpou pnopel vo eto6tr0et oe 6vq

ono ouro ro rotrntiporo xor vo noytOeu0ei. H ouvt1Orlg rrltrr1 ourou rou rfnou, nou tr6yerot nopoEodexodoxrutrtrfl xril4, ougpoiver oto nopodudexadaxruALx6 xdAnupo. E-

loxruAtxqg aptrlptug (Etx. 2-43, 2-44 xu 2-52), 11 onoio pp[oreror oe orevrl o16oq ge ro onloOto roiXtopo qg ovtrl

nerdrl 4 nepuovoixrl nruXfl nou etr6yxeL rrlv efoodo tou xotrndporog ouvrlOtrlg 0o np6net vo dtotopei npoxetg6vou

poipog rou doderodoxrUtrou, ond Orrldero6orrutrtx6 5trrog

vo opOel

odrlyeI oe oo|opn oLUoppayia p6oa or7v neprcovoixq xot-

q nopadudexa6orruLLx4 muxn rcpEXeL oyye[o. Iuyrerprpdvo, 11 nruXq ourtl neprdXer qv xdro peoevrSpro rptr6po Kor rrlv oprortpq dvor rotrrrrl optqpio. (ouUe orr

A6117ra.

Kord rr1 dropxeLo r4q np6rpqq eUgpuixnq neptodou, olortrqpo ro dtrr6exoddxrul,o dto0dreL peoevr6pto (Moore, 1988), oIId ro peyotrurepo p6pog rou evoolpor6verot oro on(o0ro xorl,roro roiXtolto, e[ouioq

nep(orpry€n xor vo onetreuOepo0ei n npoBotrtrouoo 6trrxo rcu evr6pou, eivor notru orlgovrtxd vo yvtop(-

nteo4g nou utp(oro-

ror ond ro unepreigevo eyropoto rdtrov (Etr. 2-28 rot 233). Aedop6vou ort npdreuot yto deurepoyevrl npdotpuon, ro Dtrldero0dxrutro rot ro orevo npog ouro ouvdeopevo ndyrpeoq pnope[ vo onoXotptoroUv ono ro unoxelpevo onro0onepuovoixd dpyovo xord rr1 dtopreto Xetpoupytxtilv eneppdoeotv nou orpopouv ro dto6exodqrrutro (Etr. 2'488),

H vryondo xor

o eAe6g

H vrloldo opX((eL oq vrlortdodtrtderodorrutrtxtl ropnrl (Etr. 248 xot 2-53). Mo(( pe rov eileo 6Xouv plrog 6 eoq 7 U6rpo. H vrtorrdo onoretre(m 213 rou plroug rou trenrori ewdpou, evtit ro undtrorno 1/3 ovrtorotXe( orov eileo. H vrlortdo po(i pe rov ettreo o-

norel,ouv ro eEotperrro notru6),trro rprlpo rou trenro0 ewdpou. Ie

H KOIAIA

.",r$l:l'.';

il'

Erxrivo 2-56. H opr4prorrl oyysroon Tnq

oldog,

Avlpeoevreprr6 Xeitroq, B. 0r opqp(eg rou peoevreplou Kor Tou r0rx6p0Toq A.

M€o€VT€pIo

rou evr6pou,

A€tr006avoc

Nnarba

Atn66€tc nooo€

qg vlortdog Kor Tou rrdtoperpo, ro noXoq rou rorXtir-

Erxrivo 2-57. 0r oprrlpieg treou. Iuyrp(vere

Eue€o oVV€io

rov opqprorrirv roforv, ro enrp1_ rn I BpoXeo oyyeio, qv nopouo[o 6Lorpovtirv (XrrtpLg trinog) neproXdrv T0u UeoevTrplro[ Xe(troug ror ng npooerBotreg trrndrdoug lorou oro rolXopo rou evrdpou. llpoo6[re orl ro opqprord ro[o rou eLtreou U0T0g, Tov opr0prl

elvor neprooorepo notrun],oro, roOtilg ror on ro eu060 oyye(o rou e[vor BpoXurepo on'dl oq v4ondo.

Windows

AtoOov€iC

n€ptoxfc

213

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

214

KodrKn KurlJsnn

Coi t

Entnrloi\nonoQuon Mto!1 KoilKn oprnpio

A€€to KontKi opulpio

Ava Lr€a€w€pto oottlPio Eu0€o oW€to

Etn€oKontKi optnpio

'L'a'.

EtnstKoC

^no6oc

;#'i

,K(.nnKo€toic opLnpio Kot oronnxoebnc

onoeuarl

Erxtivu 2-58. Avoroprl rqq ovut UsosvrrprOq oprrlpioq, To neptrovoro orrl geyotrurepl 0Kr0ol r0u txtt otpotpeOel. lloporrlpelore ro erreroptevo ne6ro rorovoprlg rrlq opqptog ourrtq. l-lpooe(re orL 1 ovtrl peoevrdpto opqpio roroLlyet oe ovoordpotol pe 6vov ono roug dtro0g qg rtroboug,

rov ettreiro

r<tr000

rrlq eileorotrtqq opqptoq.

norritrl 6xroorl rotrunrovrot ono rc pe[(ov enhAouv (Etr. 2-25 rot 2-27). Av rol bev unopXeL ooQdq dtoxtopLortro opto perol0 rrqg

vt1-

orrdoq xor rou ettreou, T0 XopoKTlptorLro yvurp(oporo rou trenrou evr6pou ;reroBotrtrovrot orodtoro. H evronorl tou ).enroA evtEpou eyet yepoupytx4 o4pooio rot yt'ouro ro troyo neptypotpovrot UoKp0oK0ntK0i Xoporrrlpeq rrlq vflorrbog rot rou eileo0.

H vrlorLdo e[vor ouXvo revq, ougtptrtvo Kot pe

ro ovolto qq.

Et-

vor noX0rep1, neprooorepo oYYeLogptOlq xot epu0ptonrl oq dLop(o.rrlq o ettreog. '0trn oxedov vlortdo evron[(erot Kero Trlq

on'ol

ouvn0olq orrlv ogrpotrrrrl Xtlpo r1q rottr[og, evdl o ettreog xorotroplqq pouBoveL ro geyotrurepo ;rdpoq rqq 1pLx1q (unoyoorpLog) rot Borvrrrlq Xdrpoq (Etr. 2-5A). To retrtro rgrlgo

rou ettreou evron((e-

H KOIAIA

215

ndrotro rou nepuovo[ou, perolu rov ono[ov pprorovroL ro oyyero rrlg vqorLdog ror rou et),eou, trepqoyyeio, veupo ror e[orneptrovo-

irog trrno0r;g rorog (Erx. 2-56). To peoevrepLo qg vrlonDog nepLeXer trryorepo trinog ono ereivo rou edeo0 ror yl'our6 ro troyo eivoL eurotrorep4 11 noporrlpqoq rolv oprnproKdrv ro{orv rrlq vrioldoq on'orr ere[vov rou eileou (Err. 2-57). Auro ro Xopoxqprolro yvrirprolro onoretrel evo orogq rprrlpLo pooer rou ono(ou or Xerpoupyor dLorp(vouv q vrlorrdo ono rov eL),ed.

xunoQopo OVV€iO

rj::ir--'_

A€LtQow€b

@n€po

dloorouptiveror Ue Tlv oproreprl veqprrrl qtrdpo, r4v oyrrorpoer6rl onotpuoq rou noyrpeoroq Kor T1v opr(dvrro porpo rou 6odero6orrutrou yro vo etoeL0er oro peoevrepto. l-lopeueror tro(d geoo or1 p((o rou geoevrep[ou npoq T0 be[ro troy6vro po0po, Xoplytirvrog

Aptnpio

Erxtivo 2-59. TpL0rooroq, oxrlUoTLKq onrrK0vron rprlU0T0q trenrou evui-

p0u, ttou 6e[Xver rrlv oprrlptorrl oyyeroorl rou ro0drg

q ),epqLrrl

r<ot rr1 cptreBrrrl

ror

onoxrTruon rou.

ror ouv40og orrl pe((ovo n0etro (ptr. Erx. 3-7) ror ovepXeror novut ono ro de[ro per(ovo rloiTn UU ror ro be[ro troyovro oyye(o yro vo erpotrtrer oro rurptro (Err. 2-26). 0L rurtrorepe[q nruxdq rou ptrevvoyovou eivoL peyotreg rot rotro ovenruyp6veg oro ovotrepo rp1;ro

qg vrloldog

(ELx. 2-54), ev6 e(vor prrpeg oro ovtlrepo rgqpo rou ertreo0 ror Le[nouv oro re],rxo rp1po rou.'Orov 1vr1ol6o (ovrovou oropou outrtroppoveror pero[ri rou De(rrq rol rou ovr(Xerpo, or

rurlorepeig nruXeg

y(vovror evrovo otoOrlreg ;16oo ono ro ro[Xtrrlro rou ovorr6pou rplporog rrlg vrlorrdog. Ko0drg or nruX6g our6g elvor Xo1r1treg ror oporeg oro ovtitrepo rp1po rou edeou ror

rplgo rou, ro ovdrrepo ono ro rordlrepo rgqporo rqg vqorrdog Kor Tou edeou ervor duvorov vo drorprOouv Us rnv qrntroQnon. tre(nouv novre),tirg oro ror6repo

peoevrdpto rnq vriorldog

Kor

rou erAeorj

(Err. 2-55

eorg 2-58) H vrlorrbo ror o edeog rp6povror ono ro onloOro rortrtoxo rofXrrt;ro ono peoevrepLo oe oXqgo pevrotrLog. H

pi(a rou pt-

oevrep[ou (pqrouq 15 er. nep[nou) roreu0uverot troio np0q r0 roro rol delro ono qv oprorepl ntreupo rou 02 onovdulou peXpr 14 de[Lo repo],oyovro op0poor1. Mero[u

pi(o rou peoevrep[ou \Laorauptiverot

ourriv rov 6uo o4peitrrv 4

orotrou0eq dogdg: Ue po(po rou doderodorrutrou, (2) r4v ooprrl, (3) r4v roro roitr1 qtrepo (4) rov pe((ovo r|loiTn UU, (5) ro de[ro oup4rlpo ror (6) ro de[ro opXrro (f1 oro0rirrro) oyyero. H vrTort\o rot o

(1)

qv opr(ovlo

oprqpieg rqg vrjorrdoq Korrou ertreorj (Err. 2-39, 2-

48 ror 2-55 eog 2-58). 0r oprrlpreg qg v4oldog rorrou eileou erquovror ono rrlv avu peoevrEpn aprr1pio, ro deurepo Uovnpn rtrodo rr;q rortrrorflg oopirlg. H opqp(o ourrl ouvrl0oq erqueroL 0T0 urlioq oro 01 onovdutrou, 1 ex. nepfnou roro ono rov roppo qg roilroxrlg opqpiog rol nfoo ono ro otirl_ro rou noyrpeorog ror rr1 ontrlvrrq qlepo. H ovo peoevrepro oprqpio roOurg ror6pXeror

eAeoq napouoto(ouv noLx[A4 xu4uxorr1ra. To opXrr<o rprlpo qg v4orrdog ror ro reirro rprlgo rou eLtreou qepouv BpoXurepo geoevrepro ror yr'ouro e[voL trryorepo nvlro on'orr dtrtro rprlgoro. To nruxtrlro ror prnrdoro oe ox4po geoevrepro onoretre(ror ono duo

notrtroug rtrodoug oro 6vrepo. 0 retreuro(og eLtreixog rtrodog rrlg ovooropdveror pe rtrobo qg eil,eoro),rrr1g oprrlp(oq. 0L j5-ig

vqo16rroI ror e rtreiroi rtrodor er<rpuovror ono rrlv oprorepl ntreupo 14g ovtrl geoevr6pLog oprrlpiog xor nopeuovror perolu rolv duo nero),ov rou peoevrep[ou. 0L oprrlpieg evtilvovror roL oXrlpori(ouv oyrutreg q rolo nou ),eyovror aprqpnxo ro{o, ond ro ono[o errpf-

ovrot euOeo oyyeio. To eu0eo oyyeio bev ovooropdrvovror pdoo oro geoevrdplo, nopeuovror ono ro oprrlproro rolo npoq ro Ueoevreptxo Xeitrog rou evrepou, on'onou q6povrot evotr),ooodpevo npog ovrlOereg ntreupdq rou evreptrou rorXrrrporog. Iro roilurlro rou evrdpou undpXouv notrtr6q ovooroptloeLg oyye(tov. H oyyeroppi0ero eivoL peyotrurepl orn v4orLdo on'on orov eLtreo, otrtro ro

0prrlproro ro[o e[voL BpoXrlrepo ror neprooorepo no],un],oro orov ertre ri.

gl6Beg rqg v{orr6oq

Kor

rou erAeo0 (Ev.2-40,2-

45 r,or 2-52). H ovu peoevr|pn rpAepo ondyer ro orpo rqg vrlolDog xor rou el),eou. Iuvodeuer qv ovrrr peoevr6pro oprrlp(o ror nopeueror gnpooro ror de [ro rt1q, orn pi(o rou peoeweprou. H o-

vol peoevr6pro qtrepo drooroupr0veror Us rnv opr(rivlo

(rpLrrl)

po[po rou doDerodor<rutrou K0r rnv oyrrorpoetdrl onoquoq rou noyrp6orog. Korotr4yer n(otrl ond rov ouXevo rou noyrpdorog, onou ouvev6ver0r Ue Tl ontrrlvrxrl qldpo yLo vo oX41-lorfoouv rrlv nuAofu rpAeBa. U rtrodor rqq ovo peoevrdprog rptrepog drordooovror onog r<or oL rtrodol qg ovtrt peoevr6prog opr4piog ror onoy0uv T0 o(po rov 16(tov neptoXdrv nou op6euovrot ono out6g rLg opqp(eg. To treggoyye(o rqg v{on6og Kor rou erAeoU (Err. 256, 2-59 ror 2-60, ll(vor<og 2-4).Io trepqoyyero rolv evreprr6v LoXvrlv, ro ono[o trrlyovrotyuAorpopa, peroqdpouv ro yotrorro0eg uypo rouq oe ntr6y;ro trepqoyye(otv nou pp(oxovror oro rorXtirporo rqg vrloldog Kor Tou eileou. To trepqoyye(o ev ouveXe(o erpdtrtrouv gero(0 rotv duo neroltrlv T0u Ueoevrsplou oroug peoevreproug trepqoddveg. 0r leprpo66veg ouror pprorovror oe rperg 0rl-

216

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

otrg: (1 ) rovro oro ro[Xogo T0u EVTcpou, (2) peto(u To]v opTlptordrv rolorv ror (3) roro prlrog rou eyyfg rpqporoq Tlq 0vo Us0svr6prog opqpioq. To treUQoyyeLo rou retrrrou elleou orotrou0ouv roug edeLxo0q rtrodoug rqg e rLeorol,rxrlg opqpiog yto vo expotr\ouv orouq eLtreorotrrroug trepqoddveq. To onoyoyo trepqoyyeto otrov rorv peoevreprov trepgoD5vrrrv erBotrtrouv otouc, ovu peoevrepLoug AtpEodeveq. H

veripoor1 rqg v{orr6oq

2-61, llivoxoq 2-3). To veupo

Kor rou ertreof (Etr. 2-42 rot qg vlolbog xor rou ettreou npoSp-

Xovror ono TO flveuUOVoyoorprro ror ro ontroXvtro veIpo, dtop600u Tou ror),rorou yoyytriou Kor Tov ve uptt<titv ntreygorov ilou lteprpotrtrouv

ovo.r

peoevrepro opqpto.

Io avu UtotvTtptl

vsupt-

ro nAeypa d5Xerot {rq n0p00uUno01rtr6g fveg rou ono ro roltrto-

ro rglgo rou

on[o0rou ttveuUovoyooTprxou veupou, ev6 rtg

oupno0qrrreq [veg rou ono ro ovrrr geoevrepro yoyytrto.

0r ouyyeveLg dLogoprieq, nou oqeltrovrot ot ovtipoA4 nepLorpoEq rou evrtpou roto rr1 dtopreto qg epppuirqg nepLodou, e[voL oprero ouvrl0ropdveg. MepLreq Qopdq or evreprxeg 6trrreg dev rorop0rivouv vo entorpd{ouv ono

rov

olrrpotrro trrirpo

Ksr0 Trtq

oqv roilror1 xortroqro roro rq 6top-

deroqq egppurrrlq epdopodog (Moore, 1988).

euUey60nq

rql1, nou 6lpLoupyeiror,

tr6yeror oltcpoAoxqA4

ror nepreXer ouvrlOoq peyotro ;r6pog rou Lenro0 evrepou. 0 rqtrLrog oorog oXlpor[(eror ono ro opv[o nou xotrfnret

rov opgotrLo trtirpo. Meprr6q Q0peq or evreprreq 5trrxeg enLorpeqouv oqv roLtrrorrl roddqro roro q 6ropreto r4g epppurrrlg nepro6ou, epqov[(eror olroq orelrlq o0yrtrero1 rou npooOrou rortrroro0 rorXrlporog ornv oUrpotrrrn X6po.

(eAekrl exxoAnupor[ng) rot pnopei vo nporotreoer ougnrdlporo, ro ono[o prlrouvror ro oupnr6poro oxotrqroer6(ndog. To ro[Xo1ro rou errotrn6goToq rou eileo0 q6peL orou eileou, ev6 pnopei vo nopouoro(er

troug roug Xrrtiveg

neproX6g pe yoorprxo0

rfnou

enr0r1trro roL noyxpeortro

roro. 0 yoorprrof r0nou ptrevvoydvog elvor duvorov vo exrpiver olrj, ro ono[o nporotrel eldtrrtrlon ror oLgoppoyio rou exrotrn6prorog. To runtrd erroLnoU0 Tou eileou SXeL pqrog 3-6 ex. xotnpoBoAAet ono ro lvupeoevrepwo ye[Aoq rou eLAeoA oe ondoroorl prxporepl rorv 50 er. ond qv eileoruqtrxrl FotrFrDo. Mnope( vo ouvd6eror Ue rov oUQotro Uriotrl rvtrlOoug Xop6lq n oupLyy(ou, ro ono(o ovlrpooonuu nopapovq rou Aet<fitxou 1t[oyou. H onoqpo(q rav eu1euv oyytfuv (oprrlpLtitv t1 tptreB6v) eXer trlg onor6treogo qv ntrqpgetrq npoooytoy4 r1 nopoXdreuoq o[gorog oTo ouyKsKprp6vo rgqgo rou ],enrof evrepou. H epBoA7 oprnpioq n n 1pott\uon glepog pnope( vo o61yr1oer oe vexpuo4 rou npooptr4p6vou rprlporog rou ew6pou Kor Trlv nportrlor1 nopotrurLro0 runou erieod (r1 tr6[q eriedg oqpoiveL evreprrog xtotrLxoq). Edv

rorooto-

o1 ouq dtoyvtrloOe[ eyro(ptrrg (n.X. Ue opqproyporp(o r4g ovtrl peoevr6proq oprqpiog) ro onotppoyp6vo rpnpo rou 0Yye[ou e(vor duvorov vo ro0oproOe( Xerpoupyrxd. Adyo rtov notrtrontrdrv ovooro;.riloeov rov orlrorpopov oyyeltrlv (Err<"

2-56), onoqpo[r'1 evog lrovov oyye(ou n Urrpnq opdDoq oyye[olv, dev ouvenoyeror ouvf0og yoyypotvo (ronrrl v6rpoon) rou ew6pou.

Eror oro oqpefo ouro, pero q y6vvqor1, pnopel vo npopotrtrer g6poug rou pei(ovog enrnioou 11 ronoro evreprrrl dtrr-

O onA1vog

ro, pe onor6tre0p0 T0 oXrlgolopd oprpaLox7Ar1g,4 ono(o ouXvo dev ervor peyotrureprl ono ro peye0oq evog repo-

0 ontrlvog e[vor eup6ye0eg, gotroro ror oyyeroppr0eq tregqrrd opyovo, ro onolo pploreror oro oprorepo ovtrl reroprrlpopro rqq

orou. H ogrpotrorfltr1 rotr0nreror ono d6ppo ror y[veror ep-

rortr[oq (Ex. 2-26,2-38, 2-44,2-46 ror 2-47). Avlnpooone uer

qov6orepl, orov ro norD( rtroier.

Ueyotrurepn po(o treptprrou rorou rou otirgorog ror nopeppotrtreror gero[u rov nerotrorv rou poXro(ou peooyoorp[ou (yoorprrou peoevreplou), peoor rou onolou o oropoXog rpeperor ono ro on[o0ro roilroro ro(Xrolro (ELr. 2-23). 0 ontrrlvoq ppioreror oe enoqrl pe ro

AvripaAq nâ&#x201A;ŹprcTpl(pn rou evrepou xat arilqq xa0r7Auo4 rou oupBoiver peprr6q tpop6q, roOdrg ouro enrorp6Qsr oTrlv rortrrorrl

xoilorrpo roro

dropreLo

qg deroqq

og onor6treopo 14 pq xo14Auoq rou peoevrtprou. 0g ex rourou otrortrlprl 11 oyxutrrl rou peoou evrepou pnope( vo xp6peror e96oUddoq" H oretrqg neprorpoqrl 6XeL ouvrl0og

ond orevo p(oXo. H ouorpoq1 rou evrepou Kor rov ovtrl geoevreplov oyye(ov elvoL ouXv4 roL pnopel vo nporotreoer

on[o0ro ro[Xopo rou oropoXou ror ouvdeeroL pe ro pe[(ov ro[o rou

peoo rou yoorpoontrlvrxou ouvdeogou, ro0drg Kor Ue TOV oproTspo veqpo peoo rou on),lvoverpprrou ouvdeopou. Irq dtoprero qq (ror1g o ontrflvog e(vor potrorog, ruovepu0poq, euxfvqroq Kor 0rlU0-

r<o-

vrLro peyotrurepog on'orr oro neprooorepo nr6poro. Evron((eror oro optorepo unoXovdpro, nloo ono ro oroproXo ror pnpooro ono ro ovtlrepo rprlgo rou oprorepou veqpo0 (Erx. 2.35 ror 2-46).

To exxdlnarpo rou ertreoU (err6trntopo rou Meckel) onorel,eI pro ono lg nro ouvl0rop6veq droUoprieq Tr]q renrrrrlq oOou (ELr. 2-628). Anovrorol oro 1-2% rov ovOptirnov. 0 ruqtroq oorog rou q dorrutroerdqg O0troxoq onore-

llpog ro ntroyro o ontrrlvog eqonreror pe ro drogpoygo, ro ono[o rov Xropr(eL ono rrlv une(ororrrrl rodorrlro, ev6 nopotrtrqtro yeuvro(eL pe qv evoq, q d6rorrl Kor Trlv evd6rorq ntreupo TOU oprorepou rlprOopor(ou. H drorppoyporrrrl enLqoveto rou onl,rlvo e[vol

tre( ro unotrerppo Tou revrprrou rp4gorog rou eUppuiro[ AexfiLxol pfuyou (Moore, 19BB). To erxdtrntopo rou eileou 6Xer rtrrvrrl orlpoo[o dron UepLx6q Qop6q QtrsyUorver

rppoyporoq. To npoo0ro ror ro ovrrl Xefiog rou elvoL o[60 Kor ouXvo nopouoro(ouv evropeq (Err. 2-35 rot 2-47).0r evrop6g ourdg

toyotpia rou trenroU evr6pou, rotrrl(er oe vexpuor1 rou.

ono[o efvor duvor6v vo

unoruprrl, 6ore vo npoooppo(eroL

oqv ro[],q

enrqovelo rou dro-

H KOIAIA

217

A€UQctOEV€C EtK6voC A

ffi

flooorodrroi

Ara 1,eotutttt,o,

I ff fr

rara p€otvriprct

ItopoopuKot

ffi

tuunnxoe6rxoi

Kornroroi

Msao KontKoi

Ernrcxonxoi

F' Y I

Y t-

i ,l;t

/ilt:t

l;fii)li ,,

lri

A€ttQdOiv€C ErKovoC

S E

opavrroi

unot,*oi t<uotrroi

& rornnxoi -t_ t) llopoopTtKot l

Erxrivo 2-60. Aepqrxrl nopoxeTsu0n rou noxeog evrdpou (A). rou ilnorog xoL rou verppou (B)

ovrtnpoooneuouv ro uno),e[UU0T0 Tov troptirv rou egppuirou ontrqvo (lVoore, 1988). To onfoOro rorro xorrrl Xefiog rou onlflvo e(vor unoorpdyyutro.

0 yootpoonAqurr<og ror o onArTvoveEpxog

oAv6eopoq rp0-

oquovror oqv nutr1 rou onirlvo nou pploreror oqv eoorepLxl ot|l1 rou (Err. 2-47). Ano rrlv nutrr1 eroepXovror oro onlfvo or rlo-

218

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

AtcrQpctVuct

'.j1

,'//

io? t o n v s u Ltov ovo ot p t Ko

orcnsxoc Aptor€pi Kota Qp€vtKt1 optnplo Kot nniVUa

KornnKoC KnoAoC Apt or€ pti yo otpr r

o prnpto

Aptor€po €ntvtQpi6to

/! t)

Aputpio nrn66ouC

Mson €ntv€Qpr6tKn

KoU)dC

optnpio

A€Etoc v€Ao0c

Aptat€poc v€Qpoc

€P A€€to v€QprKti aptnpio Kor

nnivuo Avu tt€o€vr€pto

A€€to KornroKo

vavvnto

oprnpio

AopLti

Apro1spo KornnKo vownro

Erxdvo 2-6.1. Avoroprl rou xoppou rrlg roLtrLoxqg oprqprog, rou rortrror<ou ntreyporog, rotv

dot rqg ontrnvrKnq opTt'lp(oq Kor eqepxovror 0r Ktr06or rnq ontrrlvr-

qleB0q (Eu<.2-43 Kot2-44). Me e{o(peorl Tnv reproxll Tnq nutrqg, o ontrrlvoq neprpotrtreror nlnpoq und neprTdvoro. Atrtrtrlore, 0v0nTU00eT0r ueT0Eu rov ner0trov TOu p0xr0(0u ue0oy00Tp(0u (Moore, 1988). Iuvrl0oq q nitrl ppioreror oe oTevrt ox6on Ue Tlv Knq

0up0 T0u noyKpeoToq (Err. 2-268, 2-46 ror 2-47).0 ortrnv0q n0rKltrer oe U6yeeoq Kor oxrlU0, otrtro ouvrlOoq 6Xer;u1rog 12 sK. Kor

rtroToq 7 er. ror ouXvo Xopoer orn XoUQTo rou evog Xeprou. yno rpuototroyrreg ouvoqreg nepr6Xer or1;rovrrrfi nooorrlro orporog. H

Aplorspr vtQptKn otJutpto Aptotsptl opxtKtl opLtlpio

xortrLor<rirv yoyy),(rL-rv

rot ro:v enrveqpr0[ov

rpuorotroyrrog ontrqvog onovlrrrg ervor rfqtrorprlrog drogdoou rou npoo0rontroyrou r<or),rorou rorXdrporog. To npoo0ro oxpo rou ontrrlvo ouvrl0og dev errelveror ftpoq r0 6oco nepo ono rq geoortrerdtrl ypopgrl

0r oprqpieg rou onA{vo (Err. 2-33, Z-35, Z-38, Z-42 t2-45 rot 2-47). H onA4vLx4 opr4pfu onore),e I ro peyotrurepo rtrodo rr;g rortrLorrlg oprrlp(oq. Arotrou0ei etruoerdrl nopeio n(oor ono rov enrnLorro Outroro, pnpooro ono rov opLorepo verppd xor xoro plrog rou ovrrr xeiloug rou noyrp6orog. Mero[u rov nerorr.rg

rol or Lvtiderg dorrdeg rou nepreXouv triyeg tre(eg purx6g lveg, or ono[eq d(vouv oTo 0py0v0 qv rrovorrlro vo e[oOer ro oLU0 T0u npoq rrlv ruxtrorpop[0. To oXrlpo rou ontrrlvo enlpso(eTor 0no rqv ntrrlpu.lor1 rou oropoXou Kor Tou eyroporou roLou orrlv opr-

or4v nutrr1 rou ontr4vo. 0L rtrodot rqg ontrrlvrrrig oprqproq npoooyouv o[po oro enrgepoug ororXe[o rou on],rqvo ug reALrEg aprq-

otepq rotrLrq ropnrl (ELr. 2-26A xor 2-47).0 droreropevog oroporo oXqpo rpdrog noproro),rou, ev6 orov to r<o),ov e(vor ntrrlpeg o onlflvog 6Xer rerpontreupo oXrlpo.

preq. Aev uq[orovror ovoorop6oerg gerolu rov prrpdrv opqpror6v rtrodtov, pe onor6treopro 11 onoqpo[r1 prog ono oureg rrq op, qpieg vo odqye( oe vdrpororl ontrrlvrrou mol (61uppoKT0 Tlu

K0rp0 Tou

Xog npood(der oro onLrlvo

ApoBoI{ rou onA{vo or4v enrgdvero (ELr. 2-26 xot 2-46). 0 ontrrlvog npoororeueror ono rov ooreoXovdprvo 0roporrrd rtru.rpo. H rpuoroloyrrrl evronrorl rou e[vor ev ror po0eL rdrtlr ond rqv 911-1 1q ntreupo, evdr q eloreprr<r1 enLrpovero rou elvor xuprq yro v0 npoooppo(eror or0 ooro ourd. 0 enrgrlrrlq o[ovog rou on],r1vo

qq derorrlg ntreupog, dnou enlroOeror 0prorep4 rotrLrrl xopn4. 0uorotroyrro, o ontr1vog dev erre(ve-

ovrtororXe(

oqv Tot

ypolrpfl

rpoq ro roro

Udxpr

opLorepo ntreuprxo rd(0. Iuvendrg, o

),ov rou ontrqvovetpplrou ouv66opou, 4 ontr4vrxf oprqpio 6roxtrodi(eror oe nevre r1 neprooorepouq rtrodoug, ol onolor eloepXovror

onArTvo).

0r 916Beg

rou ontr{vo

(Eu<.

2-33, Z-35,2-40 xot2-47).

ontr1vu<r1 qtrepo oXrlpori(eror ono

ro qtreprro oretr6X4, ro ono(o ovoduovror ono rqv nutrq rou ontrr1vo. Mero r4v unodoXl r4g rorur geoew6prog qtreBoq, nopeueror oe rllo oXedov ro prlrog 14g nioo ono ro o6po ror rqv oupo rou noyrpeorog. H onl,qvLrrl rptreBo ouvev6ver0r pe

ovrrr peoevrepro rptrrlpo nrour ono

noyrpeorog ror oXlpol(er go(i rrlg

rov ouXevo rou nuAoio gAeBo.

H KOIAIA

KonKi

219

KUtJtEntl

EKKonnaLro)

ru, ' 1.1

EKRonndLn

W =

.t1

Erxtivo 2-62. A. To eoorreprro povrponoLqpdvou nopooreuooporog ruqtrou evrepou. Ioporqpelore rqv eLtreoruqtrtrrl BoIB(do nou etr6yXer ptioot rou erLeoruqtrtrou orop[ou. B. Erro],norpo rou ertreou (rou Meckel).

H trepqrx{ nopoldreuoq rou ontr{vo (ELr. 2-41 rot245). To trepqoyyeio opXr(ouv oro ontrqvo ror oxotrouOtirvroq T0 0rlrotpopo oyyero erpotrtrouv oT0uq noyxpearconAr1vxoAg AepEodE-

ueg.

0l tregqodeveg ouro( oXer[(ovror opeoo pe qv onlo0ro enLqo-

qop6q peyotrrirepo ond ro rovovu<d (onA4vopeyoAfu). Ze peprrdg neprnrooerg o ontrrlvoq ;lnope[ vo rorqtroper otro-

ro oprorepo qluou qg xortr[og. Orov o ontrrlvog eivor orlpovlxd droyxrrrp6vog, npopdtrtrer xoro ontj ro optorepo xtrr1po

ver0 Kor to ovo Xertrog rou noyrp6orog. H veUpooq rou onAfvo (Etx. 2-61 ror 2-82). To veupo

ntreupu<d Xeitrog, evdr

rou ontrflvo ernopeuovror ono ro roriroro nAeypo. Anotrrlyouv rup[og oroug rtrodouq qg ontrqvLrlg opqpioq xol eXouv oyyeroKr-

droyrtrlg6vou ontrr1vo, ro dvo Xe[trog npoorpdper orlgovlxrl po40ero, 6rdl roro q drdpreLo Bo0Log eronvorlg rou oo0evoug, or evropdq rou pnope[ ouXvd vo qrnloqqeofv K0e6q

vqlrl

treuoupy[0.

ro dvro Xeilog rou, nou q6per evrogdq, orpdqeror npoq r0 xdro ror 6oo. Koro rrlv qrrltrdqrlorl

ourd xrve[ror fipoq T0 epnpog roL rorui.

Ie pn[n rou on],r1vo

(n.1. kiyrrt rordyporog ntreupoq

optorepou rl ;u0rrrpoxiou) npoxotre(ror U€yotrn 0lp0pp0y(0, enerdq q ro{o rou elvor trenq roL ro nopeyXupo rou ;rotroro

ro u

ror notrqtirdeg. H onororoorool rnq pnqns rou ontrrlvo e(vor duoxotrq, otrtro nporLporepn on6 rrlv orpolpeoq rou (0ntr4-

vexropf) oro

nordLo Kor rouq eq4Boug, troyto

rou orlpovrxou

p6trou tou oro ovoool,oyrro oriorqpo (Cormack, 1987).

H peprxrl orpo(peo1 rou ontrrlvo oxotrouOe(ror ond ro-

Ie oprop6veg no0otroytr6q roroordoerg (rpouporo, 6yroug xor peprx6g orgorotroyLr6g voooug) ouXvo onoLre[tot

onAr1vexrop4. Kotd rr1 broprero rrlg eyXerpqoeog, o

Xerpoupydg np6neL vo troper un'ogr1 rou 14 orevrl oX6or1 rrlq oupog rou noyrp6or0q Ue Trlv nutrr1 rou ontr4vo, tlore

vo onogfyer Btropq rou 16oo orlpovrrrof nenrLrou odrlvo. Av ror npoororeueror rotrd ond lg ntreup6g (Err. 2-46), o

Xe[o ovoyevvqoq.

onArlvog onorcAe(ro ouyv6repo utprcrapevo BAoBn opyovo u1g xoAfug, oe roXupd ntrrlyporo rou optorepou uno-

or treuoupy[eg rou ovotropBovovror ond dtrtro 6pyovo rou

Xovdp(ou. H BI0B1 ouvq0trlg oqeitreroL oe roroyporo rorv ntreupdrv ror ev g6per oq trenr4 Kdrlo Kor rrlv euOpunrorrl-

Aropl ror r; otrtr4 ontrqvexrogrl 6ev nporotrei ooBop6g ouvenereg, rdrolrepo oroug evrltrrreg, drdrr

Orxruoevdo0qtrroroU ouorrlporog. Ie optogdveg noOqoerg rou ontr1vo, ro p6ye0og rou gnope[ vo yiveL d6ro r<or ntr6ov

ro rou opydvou. Meprr6q 0T0vT0r plql rou

Qop6q or nodoorporproreg uq(-

ontrflvo, orov unoorouv LoXupri rrtiqgo

porl

220

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

oTnv oprorepn ntreupo Tnq Kortr[oq. H pn€n rou onA4vo npoxaAei oyup1 ev\onepLTovalKq otltoppoyfu Kot Korl-

H Unop[q rou np6neL vo troppoveroL ndvrore un'dg4 xoro qv enu6treor1 onA4vrcr\q BLotltilq pe peAovo 11 6rov y[veror 6yXuor; orrrvooxtepou utrrr<o[ oro ontrrlvo yro Tnv onerrovrorl rrlg nutro(og qtrepog (onA4vonuAatoypogU1.

nA4{fu. IuXvd exretrelror ontr4vexropr1, npoxetp6v0u v0 onoqeuX0ei n Uexpr 0ovorou orpoppoyro rou oo0evoug. 0 ontrlvog pnope[ vo poyei ourdporo oe ndoXovreg on6 ior-

yplrpfu). Eov r; e{drooq ourrl

pridq povonupqvuo7, etrovoolo K0r 0nqr0rg(0 enerDrl ro dpyovo elvor 6Loyropevo ror e00punro oe our6g tg noOotroyrr6q roroordoerg.

do.

0t emt<oupxoi onA1veg (nou pnope( vo e(voL rivog r1 xot neproodrepoQ ouv40o:q evroni(ovror rovro oqv nftrq rou ontrr1vo, gnopei oporq vo Bpfor<ovroL e[ olortrrlpou q ev

To ndyxpeog

p6per p6oo orrlv oupo tou noyrp6oroq. Mnope( en(o1g vo evron[(ovror pero{[ rolv nerdtrov rou yooTpoontrrlvrxori

To noyrpeog e[vor enrpqrqg (12-'15 cm), ;rotroxog, rerppoponenlroq od6vog (Ev. 2-44,2-46 ror 2-52). EvronL(eTor K0wo oro 6ronutrolprrd en(nebo Ue oxedov opr(ovrro qopo, novor oro on(o0lo rolLroro roiXrrrlro rol nfoo ono ro ordpoXo. To eyroporo peooroLo npoorpueror oro npoo0ro Xe(trog rou (Eu<" 2-48A).

ouvd6opou. 0r enrrouprro( ontrrlveq eivoL ouvlOerq (10%) r<or ouvrlOorg

dXouv dLo;rerpo neplnou 1

er.

drvog

H yvtooq rqg

oqpovlrrl, duil eov 6ev oontrqverrogrlg pnopei vo odrl-

nrOovqq nopouo(og roug efvor qorpeOouv

rord

rr1 drdpxero

ytloouv oe nopopovrl rtov oupnroporoJv rrou en5potrov rr;v oqorpeoq rou ontr4vo (n.y. onAqvmr1 avatpio).

To noyrpeog (nov

H oX6o4 rou riieupod'raqpayponxou xoAndparog rottrorr;roq pe ro ontrrlvo 61er rhvLx4 orlgooio (Err. 2-35). 0 duvoprxrig ourdg Xdrpog ppioxeror

rpeog

ooprtirdeg opyovo) eivoL ouyXpo-

vog e[orpLvrlq ror ev6oxplvrlg oDrivog. llopoyet (1) e[or<pLv6g erxprlro (noyxpearLxo uyp6), to ono[o 6roXereueror oro dodero-

qg une(orolrrlg

oro eninedo rrlg 6exoqg ntreupog

ylver pe rrlv onouori;le-

Oev

v4 npoooX4, T0 oKTrvooKcpri utru<d pnope( vo erodtr0er oqv une(oxolxrl roilrlqro xor vo npoxotr6oer n),eupil-

6orrutro prloo rou noyrpeortrou nopou (Err. 2-49) ror (2) evdoxptvfl errpipoto (yAouxay6vo xot LvoouAfur), nou \nyereiovroL

oro aipa.

p6or1 pooXotrrofo

ttol-to xoc

Etouoxoc Xonti6o\oC napoC

K0ptoC noyKpEorrKac

nopoc KontoKri KotoEonti

novKp€oroc Poxtoio KoroBonh

Kot n t o

NOVKD€OfOC

D Koto pon

En t Kou pr

EntKouptKoC nopoC

EntKouptKocnopoc

EntKouptKoCnopoc

npurov€vtlc poxtota| nopo(

,_.-,=- <r..LI r\:

"l L/2/

Au6€Ko. AoKtuno Xodn6oxoC n0poC

K)C noVKp€orr KoC

nopoc

noV Kp€ otoC

KuptoC nOpoC

KuptoC n0poc

rrp,o)

nooo, ) /

npotoV€vt1c KotrltoKoc nopac

Etxtivo 2-63. H ovonru[r1 rou noyrpeoroq Kot 0t nopotrtroyeq qg ovoropu<r1g ToJV noyKpsoTrrdv noporv. A. Iro epppuo o lrrr<pdrepog rortrtorog n0yrpeortrog nopog ovocpuerot po(i pe ro Xotrr16oXo n6po, evtir o peyotrurepog poXro(og noyrpeorrrog ndpog ovorprjeroL ove(opqro onrj ro Ooderodorrutro. B. To dtlderodorrutro neptorpdtperol roro rov entprlrl o[ovo rou pe opo],oyrorr1 rpopo, yeyovrlg nou rpeper rrlv rod,Lorrl roropotrr] rou noyrpe0Toq Kot ro Xotr1dr1Xo nopo niotrt ono rr1 poxroLa roroBotrrl rou noyxp6orog. l-. 'Evo ouvderfpro rplpo evtirver ro poxro(o pe rov rottrtoro nopo. llpooe[re oro oXtldto A - l-, orr 1 roiltorl roroBotrrl oXrlpori(er qv retpotrr1, oupneprtroppovopevr]q rnq oyrtorpoerdoug onotpuoetlg, ev6 11 poltolo xoroBotr1 oXlporL(et rov ouXtlvo, ro odrpro ror rrlv oupo rou noyrpdoroq. A. IuXvo (44%) o entrouprrog noyrpeorrrog nopog Xovet r1v entrotvtrivt0 T0u Us ro 6otDerodoxrutro E. Ie peprro oropo (1 0%), o enrrouprroq noyrpeorrrog ndpog erpotrtrer oro doOerodorruIe otrtro oropo (20%) to eyyuq rpnUo Tou entKoUptKou ndpou e(vor prrpo. H. Ie preprrd oropo (9%) o xuprog noyrpeorrrdg nopog 6ev enrxorvovel pe rov nopo rnq reQotrrtq. tr0. Z.

221

H KOIAIA

lv€c npoo?tou oEntxouc nv€uttovovoot:ptKou v€upou X€inoC rcpnC otoLtoxou

AtoOpovuo 'lv€c

onioqtou orcn€xouc nvtuLlovo

voototxo0 vt0pou

tndoxvtKo v€upo Avo peotvttoto vovvnto

V;,

optnpio

Kot

NEQptKo nn€VLto

Aootov€AotK0 vovvnto

Anu€o€vttpto nn€vLto Kota Lt€oEVrtpto voVVnto KOt

Optnpio

tuLtno0nttKo arEn€xoc

ooQui Ko on no xvt Ko

v€

i Po

Kot VoVVnto

t'i,.$lt l1ll:fi lil

' ;ilqifl iil Ynovoatpn v€0po

1 ,

1.t i i: ;t i i;

Av0 unovoorpto nnsVLto

ii: iil

4i\ti! rt i tif\liir'r \ t Eoa noyowo opillpto

Kota unovctgtprc nntvLto

nu €nrKo on noxv Ko t

vsj po

EE0 novovto oprnpio

loxtoKo v€Apo

Ar6otiKo

vsipo

qg nudtrou. 0t oupnoOlrtrdg roL ot nopooupno0lrLreg iveg oXqpori(ouv notrun),oro veuptro ntreypo yup6 ono roug roppoug rrlg roiltorrlg, rrlg ovrrl peoevr6prog ror rrlg roro peoevrdptog oprqpiog. llopoqpe[ore ort oL oupno0rlrtr6g rveg eddt guvqnrovrqr 6lo nno ro oupnoOrllro oretreXog oe yoyytrro, peptro ono ro onolo elvot plrpo rot Otoonopro, buo oUoiq ono ro onolo

Erxrjvo 2-64. H our6voprl veupulol rrlg rortr(og ror

eivor eupeyd0rl,

ro rortrroro

Kor To

ooproveqptro yoyytrto.

To noyrpeog evTon((eror ornv entyooTpt0 Kot oTrlv 0ptoTeptl u-

noXovdpro Xtirpo, evtir ro de[Lo rplgo rou pp[orerot oro 0{og rotv orrrporotv rov 01-03 onovdul,trlv (Etr. 2-46 roL 2-52). Iro ndyrpeog drorp[vovrot xegoA4, auyEvoq, otitpo ru oupo (Ew. 2-268), evrrr

ro oxrlpo rou

;roLo(er ronurg pe oveorpopgdvrl

rot ropnulq n[-

no xonvou (Tobias et al., 1988). To 6e[ro rprlpo tou (n retpaAn) ppforerot ouvnOtrrq roro ono ro 6tonutroptro enfnebo, evtl ro oprorepo rprlpo rou (4 oupo) Bp(orerot tr(yo ndvto ono ourd. To noyKpsoq pp(oxerot nioto ono rov entntroiro Outroxo, onou oXtlpor((er Ueyotro g6pog qq xoft4g rou otopayou (ELr. 2-35). H xerpotrri rou noyxpdorog ppforerot p6oo oqv oyxftrr1 rou dorderodorrutrou ror neptpotrtrerot ono ourrlv (Etr. 2-43 tug 246). llopouord(er npooexpotr'fi,v1v oyr<rcrpoed7 on6Euo4, n onoi o erre[veror npoq r0 novat rot oprorepo, pplorerot nfotrl ono ro o-

geoevr6pto oyyelo, ror enrro0erot

oqv ooprrl, nou pp(oxerot

n(oo qq (Ev.2-48

ror 2-52). l-lpog ro ntoot n reqotrtl entroOerot orqv rdro roitrq qtrepo, oro de[Lo veqptro oyyefo rot oTqv optoTepq verpprrrl qlepo. 0 XoAqdoxoqndpoq xoO6q xoteu0uverot npog ro doderodorrutro roroorqv6ver peoo oe outroxo rou ovor6pou rU[Uoroq

on[oOLog ovtrl entqovetog

reqotrflq rou noyrp6-

orog, evtir oe pepLreg neptnr6oerg nopeuerot pdoo oe ouro (Etr. 2-45).

0 oul6vog rou noyxpeorog (ELr. 2-268,2-43,2-44,2-45 xot 2-48), Unrouq 2 er. nep(nou, ouv6XeroL pte ro ovo optorepo tgrlrot peron[nret Xotp(q ooqrl 6pto oto otit;.to Tou noYrp6orog. H on[o0to entqoveto rou ouXdvo outrorotverot ono ro ovtrr preoevrepLo oyye(0. H npoooLo entqoveto tou xotr[nrerot ono neprrdvoro rot yetrvto(et pe rov nutrulpo rou oroptoXou. H ovtl pepo rrlg reqotrtlg

222

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

oevrspro tptrdpo ouvevdrvsror Ue rr1 ontrrlvrrq rptr5po nioor ono rov ouXrlvo rou noyrp6or0q yro v0 oXqprorfoouv :r:1v nuAafu rpAeBa.

orevq oXeoq pe ro Xotr4doXo nopo. 0 noyrpeorLrog ror o Xotrqd6Xoq nopog dronepvouv trolo ro onto0ro eoo roiXropo qg rorrouoog

To otirpo rou noyxpeorog (Err. 2-268,2-39,2-35 roL 2-52) erre(veroL etroqp6q npoq T0 ovo ro0drg roreu0uveror ilp0q T0 0pr-

(deureplg) po(pog rou doderoborrutrou, r<ovro orrl peoorqro rrlg (Err. 2-49). IuvrlOorq o noyrpeolxog xor o XotrrldoXog nopog ouve-

orepo pnpooro ono

ooprrl ror roug ovdlrepoug oorpuiroug

onovdutroug, n[oo ono rov enrn],oiro 00troro. To odrpo e(vor rorroq rpryovrKd oe eyropoLo rop4 ror nopouoro(er Wstq enlpa-

vsrsqi Tlv npdo0ro, qv on[oOro Kor rrlv roro. H npoo1n enLEaveto rotrunreror ono nepuovoro (ELx. 2-4BA) ror onoretreL p6pog

vtirvovror ror oX4porf(ouv BpoXeio ror eupelo 7norcnayxpearu<4 A4xu9o (trqruOo rou Vater), 1 onolo erpotrtrer oro dot6erodorru],0 pe rorvo nopo orrlv ropuqrl rrlggei(ouog dultxodorcuALx4q ?7Atlq (Err.2-51). l-upo ono ro retrlro rgrlpo rou ruprou nopou unopXet oqryrrrlpog nou tr6yeror o(pLyKTnpog rlu noyKpedTLxoi n6pou.y-

rrlg roiqg rou oropoXou, evtir npooqeper npdorpuoq oro eyropoto peoorolo. H on[o1La enrpaven orepefror nepuovo[ou (Err. 24BB) evtir ppioreror oe enoqrl ge qv oopr1, r4v ovtr.r peoevrdpro

nopXe r en[oqg 6vog

oprrlp(0, ro oprorepo enrveqp[6ro ro0o.rg ror pe rov oprorepo veqpo ror ro oyyeio rou. Io otlpa rcu nayxpeorog Bpbxerot oe apeo4 enorprl pe rq onArlvu<4 EAepo (Etx.2-40 ror 2-45). Mnpooro ono qv oopq, ro ootpo rou noyrpeorog nopegpotrtreror pero(u rou xopgou rrlg rortrror4g oprnp(oq K0r rlq ovor peoevr6proq 0pqp(oq (Erx.2-45 ror 2-48).Io roror Xeitrog rou otirporog r0u r0-

Xotr1g rot T0u noyKpsonrou uypou oro dol6erodorrutro.

yxp6orog droXrrlpr(er qv on(o0ro ono qv roro enupoverd rou. To otirpo rou opyovou nopouoLo(eL prrpo enopgo, rc enmAoixl rplpo,

ro ono[o exqueror ono ro

ovrrr Xe[trog

rou rol eqonreror oro 6troo-

oov enlntrouv (ELr. 2-52). To enrn],oiro qupo evron((eror orprBrlg rorol ono rov roppo rqg xoLtrrorrlg oprqpiog (Err. 2-45). H oupo rou noyxpeorog (Erx. 2-268, 2-33, 2-44, Z-47 xst 252) onoretre( ro Lenro oprotepo orpo rou opyovou. Eivor noXro ror pnope[ vo rorotrqyer oe o[u 11 opptru orpo. A16pXeror pero{u rov duo nerotrtrrv rou nnoTlveQprcol ouvdeopou 1to(( pe ro ontrqvLro oyye(o. To orpo rqg oupog ouv4Oog ecponreror orqv nutrr1 rou ontr11vo.

0r noyxpeorrxoi n6pol (Erx. 2-49 ror 2-63).

To ndyrpeog ovonr0ooeror ono drjo erploorrloeLq nou ovol,ro(ovror xortrrorrl xor polLoio xoroBoA7 Tou noyxpearcg (Moore, 1988). 0r roropotrdg rou rovovrxo ouvevovovrol ;le r6roro tpdno otore or nopor rouq v0 entKorvolvouv. Iuvrl0og o ndpoq rrlg roilrorr;g roropotrrlg Tou n0yrp6orog oyrlpor((er ro revrprro oxpo rou xiprcu nayxpenepupeprxo rprlgo

rlv

qn0T0-

0 enxouprc1q noyxpeorrcoq nopog nopoXereuer gepoq qq reqotrqg rou noyrp6or0q K0r nopouoLo(er nopotrtroyeq (Err. 2-4g xor 2-631- eog H). IuvqOtoq ouvdeeror ;le rov rupro noyrpeorrro nopo, otrtro oro 9% nep[nou rotv ov0p6nov onore],ei evretrdrg o-

ve[dprqro nopo, o onotoq erBotr],er oro 6otder<odorrutro oTrlv eAaooovo dudexadoxruAtx4 04A4 (ELr. 2-51).

0roprqpfeg rou noyxpiorog (Err. 2-43 etoq 2,45 xot252). 0r opqpieg rou noyrpeorog erquovror ono t1 onAr1vLrr1 xu rtg ftoyKpeoTodudexodorruAxEq apr1preg. MeXpr 66ro prrpot rtrodoL qq ontrlvrrrlq oprrlp(og Xoplyouv olpro oro odrpo ror orqv oupo rou noyrpeorog. H npoo0ro ror 1 on(o0ro ovo noyxpeorododerodorrutrlrrl oprnpro, xtrodor rrlg yoorpo\udexo\axruALxqq oprr1pfug, ro0tlg ror q npoo0Lo ror q onloOro rortrt noyrpeorodode rodorruLrrrl opqpio, rtrodor qq ovu ltnevrepLag opr4piaq, yoprlyouv olpo orrlv reqotrrl rou noyrp6orog. 0r noyrpeorododerodoxrutrrxeg oprqpLeq ovooroptrrvovror eup6rog pero[u rouq. H ou-

ynopXouv

6uo noyrpeorrxof nopor: o ruprog ror o enrxouprrog.

ouxoi nopou, ev6 ro

oroprl oqryrrrlpoq nou nepLpoMer

noyrpeorrrrl trr1ru0o r<or treyeror nnoTlnoyKpeouxoq oELyrr1paq (oqLyrrlpoq rou Oddi). Auro[ or orpryrrqpeg etreyXouv rr1 porl qq

rou poXroiou no-

yxpeolxou ndpou oX4lror[(er ro undtrorno rprlpo rou ruprou

noyxpeolrof nopou. IuXvd drorrlpe(ror ror ro eyyug

(dtrr-

6ero6oxrutrrx6) orpo rou poXroLou noyxpeonro0 ndpou, ro ono(o oXqpor((etrcv enxoupx1 noyrpeoux6 nopo.

0 xupLoq noyxpeouxoq nopoq apy((et orqv oupo rou noyrpeo-

Loro nou unopXeL pero[u rou npoo0rou rpqporog rqg rerpotrrlq rou noyrp6orog Kor T0u doderodor<rutrou unod6Xerotrc np6o0n noyxpeorodudexodoxruALx1 ro{0, evu 1 ovr(ororX4 o0troro perolu rou on(o0lou rprlporog rrlg reqotrrlg ror rou 6trlderodorrutrou unodeXeroL rc 0nfu1rc noyxpeoro6udera\oxtuAtxo ro{0.

0r rpl6Beg

rou noyKpdorog (Err. 2-40 ror 2-45). 0r

noyxpeorrreg QIeFeS erpotrtrouv orqv nu),o[o rptrdBo, ornv ovo pe-

oq oruA4vmr1 rpAeBo. lepgrxri nopoy6reuon rou nqyKp6orog

oevrepro qtrepo roL ruplog H

(Etx.2-41, 2-44 r,u 2-45, tlrvorog 2-4).Io treprpoyyeio rou noyrpeoroq 0K0trou0ouv ro orporpopo oyyeio. To neprooorepo ono ouro erpotrtrouv oroug noyKpearoonAqvLxolg Aeprpolfveq, nou ppior<ovror roro

plrog r4q ontrrlvtrflg opr4piog oro

ovtrr Xefiog rou noyrpeoroq, peprro ogtrrg trepqoyyero erpotrtrouv oroug nu,iatpr xo1g Aepgadereg. Anoyotyo tregrpoyyeio ono roug trepqodeveq ouroug erpotr-

l,ouv oroug xotAnxoAq, orou\nnorKlrig roL oroug avu peoevrt-

T0q Kor nopeueror peoo oro nopeyXupo

ptouq Aeprpodeveq.

nopog evronl(erot oe potr],ov enLnotrrlg 0eo1, roro ono qv ontoOLo enrgovero rou noyxp6orog. '0rov o xuprog nopog evdrveror Ue T0uq

H veUptooq rou noyxpdorog (Err. Z-42xot 2-64, l-livorog 2-3). To veupo erquovror ono ro nveuUovoyooTprro ror ro onLoXvrro veupo. 0L lveg rou otryoug nopeuovror Dropeoou rotv on],oyXvr-

rou odevo, unodeXclgevog rtrodoug pe drorolrl nou 0upi(er gopororrotro (Err. 2-49). 0 ruproq

rtrodoug rou Tnq reqotrrlg Kor Trlq oyrrorpoerdoug onoquoetog, npootroppoveL ro oXrlgo rou ypolLporog Y. Meoo oqv reqotrq o r0proq n0YKpsoTLrog nopog oTpeQeT0r rpoq r0 roro xor epxeror oe

xtiv veupurv. 0r oupnoOqrrreg ror or nopooupno0r;rrreg (veq npoepXovror ono rc xotALoro rot ro avu peoevrepto nAeypo roL rp0ovouv oT0 noyrpeog nopeuogeveg roro prlrog rolv opqpuirv.

H KOIAIA

Enerdrl o xuprog noyrpeorLxog nopog ouvev6veror

0 xopxivog (CA) rou noyxpiorog ouvrl0oq evron((eornv xeqotrq r0u Kor eivor uneuOuvo yr0 Trq neproodrepeg neprnr6oeLq e[oqnonrrlg onoqpo{ng rou ouorrl;lorog

ouvrl0toq pe ro 1otr16ri1o ndpo yro v0 oxnUoTioouv r4v 4-

T0r

naTlnoyKpelnxrl tr4xu1o, q onofo exBdtrtrer oro 6oderodorrutro pe rorv6 n6po nou dronepvo ro rolXrrrgd Tou, Xo-

rtrrv Xollrpriptov nopov.

AoABoq xorepXdpevog ro eloqnorlro Xotrrlqopo o0orqpo gnope[ vo evoqrlvolOef oro orevrj neptqepLro orpo rou

odqye( oe ondqpo[q rou XotrqboXou ndpou xo/n rnq nnorododerodoxrutrLxrlg trqru0ou. Aur6 ro yeyovog nporotre(

rorvou nopou, oro orlpe[o nou ouro erpotrtrer orrl pe((ovo 6odexodorruLrxrl 04Ir1 (Err. 2-51). Ie ourq rrlv nepinrol-

rotorpoqoq XotroXpoolxdlv

o4, rooo ro Xotrqqdpo ooo ror ro [oyKpeoTrKo ofoqUo rov nopov onorppdooovror ror dev pnope( vo eroetr0er oro

qq XotrrlddXou rUorqg, q onoio ro0(ororor ouXvo Qrltroqr;n1. 'lxrepog e(vor o opog nou 6i6eT0r oTo rfrprvo q operXotrrrvo Xptirpo rou d6pporog, rtrrv

dodero0orrutro oure

Xotrr1, oure noyxpeorrro uypo. Mnopei optrlq vo ouppeI notrLvdpripqoq qq Xotrnq xor e foodog qq orov noyrpeolrd ndpo. llopolroro notrrv6pop1or1 Xo-

Io xapx[vapa r4g repoifq

ouXvd

Kor Krrprvottn Xp6on Tov

proooreporv torriv rou otirporog.

our6g

re-

neprnrtioeLg

nopoqpe(rot droroorl

ptrevvoyovtrlv Kor rou enrnetpuroro, ro ono[o orpeltreror oe

rororpdqorl Xolnq. 0 xapt<[voq rou otlparcg ouXvo

dev

nu nnarl-

droyryvtioxeror nopo povov orov o oyrog 6Xer onorrrloer

noyxpeanxo1 oqryxr4pa. 0uoLotroyrrd, o orpryrrrlpog rou noyrpeortroI nopou nopegno6((er rqv notrrv6pril.ulor1 Xo-

peyotro Udye0oq ror eXer 6u10floer ro veupo rou on[o0rou rodrorou rorltilporog. Enop6vtrrg, q ooquotryfo gnope( vo

noyrpeolro nopo. Eov oUorq n rlnoTonoyKpeoTrtrrlruOoq e(vor rtrerorf1, o oduvorog otpryxulpoq Tou r0yrpeorrxou ndpou gnope( vo prlv ovre(eL orrlv unepperprl

onoretre[ ro opXrro oupnrorpo noyrpeolrou ropx[vou. Exreropevog oyxog rou otirporog rou noyxprlorog pnope( en[oqg vo npoxotreoer ondqpo[r1 rrlg xorto xoftqg qtrepog,

n[eoq.

eneLdq

trr1g ouppu(veL peprx6q tpopeg troytrr

onoopou

trqg orov xr1

onoqpo[q rou noyKproTrrou ndpou (n.X. troyrrr roprivou), ro noyxpeog pnopeI vo nopouorooer qtreypovq (noyxpeorinEo). H notrrvdpoprlorl Xotr1q ono

rln0T0n0-

yrpeortxl trr1ru0o orov noyKpeorrro nopo nroreueror orr onorel,ef pro orop4 orrlo noyrpeorirLdog. H droyrtooq rqq xeqotrqg rou noyrpeorog onoqpdooer rov xupro noyKpeortxo nopo, yeyovoq nou oe pLrpo Xpovrro droorqpo odlye( oe noyrpeor(rLdo, q onoio rorotroppover ro otirpo Kor Tlv

ro otir;lo rou noyrpdorog enrrdOeror oe ouq (Err. 2-48 xoL 2-52).0 ouXdvog t0u.r0yKp60Tog ppfoxeror xoro ror n(oo on6 rov nutropo rou oropoXou (Erx. 2-44), rirore

veontrooprorrrq droyrtoorl rou pnope( vo nporo),6oer onorppo[1 rou nutrrrlpou.

oouvrq0roreg nepLnrtioerg ot d0o epppuirdq

roro-

Botreg rou noyrpeorog (Err. 2-634) pnopel vo ovonruy0ouv ovrirpotro ror vo neprpotrtrouv ntrr1ptog, oov donul,i6r, qv

rolouoo

1-ro[po

rou drrlbexodoxrutrou (Moore, 1988), oXrl-

oupo rou noyrp6orog. Eov o enlrouprrdg noyrpeorLrog nopog ouvdeeTor Ue rov rupro noyrpeolro nopo Kor tK-

xpxoeLdeq 4 daxruALoeLliq ndyrpeoq. H ovtr-rpotrfo ourrl pnopei vo nporotreoer an6qpa{r7 rou dude-

oro dodexodorrutro (Err. 2-63E xoL Z), rore pnope(

xadoxr1Aou roro rr1 droprero rnq nsprysvvrlrLrrlg nepr6dou 11 roro rr1 ;lerenerro (or1, oe neplnroorl ovdnrullg rptreypov1g 1 roroq0ouq vdoou oro borrul,roerddq noyxpeog.

BotrtreL

vo ovrrpponrloer rrlv onoqpo[r1 rou ruprou noyrpeolxou ndpou t1 to onooprd T0u rlrroTonoyrpeolrou orpryrrrlpo. Iloyxpeonr{ plfpq pnope( en[oqq vo ouppei oe nep(nrooq onoropqg orpodpnq nieoqq rrlg roiliog, onog n.X. oe rpoXo(o orupl;.roro, drov ro dropo npoor<po0oeL pe duvopq novo oro np6vr. Ko0tlg ro noyrpeoq Bp(oreror e-

porl(ovrog

To rlnop

yropoLo ronoOerq;levo pnpooro on6 ro onio0Lo xorLroxtj

To rlnop eivor oyr6dqg odevog rou yooTpsvreprrou ouorrlpo-

onovdutrrxrl orqtrq oupneprrprlperoL oov ox1-rovog

rog (Err. 2-25 tuc,2-27). Anoretrc( rov lttyoAArepo odEvo rou

roiXtrrlro,

n TpoupuTrrrl dfvoprl pnopel vo npoxotreoer prllq rou noyrpdorog. Kord rq pr1{r7 rou noyxptorog ouXvo 0roonoKot

rot tO OuorqpO rtlv nOptrlv, entrpenOvrOg

OrO

noyxpeortxo

uypo vo eLoetrOeL oro nop6yXugo rou xot vo drqOrloer oroug

noporerpevoug roroug. H neQq Tou ttoyKpeoTrrou ror otrtrov rortlv ond ro noyrpeortro uypd e[voL notru ooBoprl xor en6duvr1. Aoyor rorv onlo0uov oyeoeorv rqg reqotrqg rou

noyrpeorog (ELr. 2-48), r0orerg

r'1 dyror nou evronl(ovror o'ourr;v pnopei vo nporotr6oouv oupnrdrpoto, troyo nieoqq rqg nutro[og qlepoq, rou XotrqdoXou nopou r1 qg roro ro[-

Ilq

rptrepoq. H nieorl

rqq nutro(og qtrepoq gnope[ vo npo-

roL6oer oox[r4, bqlodrl o0poLoq optirdouq uypo0

puovoirrl roildrrlro.

oqv

ne-

odporoq

rou Bopouq rou evrltrrrou rou Bopoug rou vqn[ou. Enro4g e(vor to peyaAlrepo xoLALoxo opyovo.0r treieg enLrpovereg rou Bp(orovror oe enoql pe ro 6roqpoylro Kor Us ro npoo0ro rolLloro rolXolpo (Err. 2-35 ror 265). To qnop npooqueror oe ouro ro dfo ovoroprro ororXelo pe Kor ovTroTorxr( oro 2% ne pfnou

Kor oT0 5%

rou dpenovoed1 oAvdeopo.

Iro neprooorepo oropo, orq

broprero

rnq (olq, ro rlnop eXeL potrorl ouoroorl rot Xporo roorovepu0pq. Aedopevou orr eivor oXerrro preyolo oro vrlnlo Kor oT0 nordro, rq npopotrn nou nopouoro(er 1 roilro roug oqeil,eroL rup(oq oe ouro ro opyovo. To lnop neprpotrtreror ono roQo onoretroupevrl ono roXupo ouvdelro roro (xotla rcu Glisson), q ono[o npoo6[der oro nrogorrro qnop oprop6vo oXr11Lo. '0gog roro rq dropreLo rr1q (0111q ro lnop e[vor po],oro pe n111661 ouorooq.

224

KAINIKH ANATOMIA

yoArl. H Xotrr1 onoretre[ oqpovlro nopoyovro qq nd{Lr1g, rdLo(repo rou {norog droXereueror prloo rtov lnotrr6v

AtoQpoVtto

tt €O o vt o ioc ai

rtr.rv Lrnorv. H

v 6 € a Lt o C

ruolrou nopou orrl XotrrldoXo ruoq (Etr. 2-49 xot 2-66), onou xot urp[ororor ougnurvtrtol pe onopporp4ol rou u6orog. 'Orov o trrnopdq Xupoq dr6tr0er ono ro oropoXo oro dor6eroborrutro, nopouoro(eror errproq proq op;rovrlq 919 yoAoxuoronvrru4g) ono ro ov6repo rp4po rqg yoorpevrepLrqg odou. H oppovq ourrl nporoLer ouorotrl qg Xotrrl6oXou ruorrig, ge onorel,eopo rq

f upvti €ntQovsto

,ttO[vtoioC

nndtov€QptKoc auv6€olJoc

6toXdreuorl Tnq ouUnuKVop6vlg 1otrrjg rqg 1otr46ri1ou xforrlg oro 6oderodorrutro, po(i pe Xotrrl rou rqnorog, rl ono[o pproxerot qdrl

N€QPOC

npoo?tot

Kotn

n Kot

lolf

nopolv ror rou

YnoOnOpoVLtottKo

KonnoUo

u€ C

Hnotov€QprK6 Konnotto

oro Xotr16oXo nopo. E[voL orlpovlrq ono xtrrvLrrlg 0n0qle0]q n yv6o1 r4q drorpopog perolu qq Xotrlq rou rlnorog ror rrlg neprooorep0 0uUnuKVoUevr;q Xotrqg rrlq XotrldoXou r[orr1g.

flpoBolri rou rinorog orrlv enrq6vero

Erxtivo 2-65. 0Betrroro roprl peoo rou dLocppoyporog, rou lnorog xor rou de(tou veqpou, 1 onolo delXver on yuUvl enupovero rou flnorog Bpt-

36). Koro 14 dtoprero Uq (onq

orerot perolu rulv onlo0urtv neporov d0o nepLrovoirdv rotrnorportov.

orlpe

To qnop deXeror ro qtreprxo o[go, ro ono[o enrorp6qet ono rrl

yoorpevreprr1 odd p6oo oqv nutrofo qtrepo (Erx. 2-40) ror nepteXet ro npoiovro qg n6rf.reorg. Exrog on6 lq notrtreg peropotrrreg tretroupy[eq Tou, T0 qnop ono14xeieL yAuxoyovo Kot tKKpuet

(Etr. 2-48 xot2-

r1 06o11rov enLqoveroxtirv oOqytlrv (ov rou 4norog notrltr],er, loyo rov ovonveuolrtirv rrvrloeorv rou drotppoy;rorog. To oqpe[o ourd norx[],],ouv en(or1g oe evrrinrorl,

ovotroyo Ue rrl oopoTrK1 6rontroor1 rou oropou Kor Ue rrl 0601 rou odU0T0q. Adytrl rrlg popuqrog, ro rlnop pp(orerorXoprltrorepo orov

oro;.ro elvor opOro, on'ol orov e(vor oe unlo 06o11 xor oe ernvofl. Orov ro drorppoylro ouonoror, ruvelroL flpoq r0 xoro tiore vo 0u[qOe(1 rororopuqrl dLoperpoq rou 0tirpoxo (BI. Err. 1-49).

T€wonn€upoC noBoc

KuartKoC 6oepoc

ii+r, ij;ri:, ria

A€€toC nnauKoC noeoC A€€toC Kno60C nunoioc Ad€Boc

At€to€ Kn06oc nnottKnc opmpioc KuoTrKn

XonnAoxoC nopoC

to pog€t

KnaAoC mC KUauKnc oprnpioc

Ao6€Ko60Kruno

Aprot€p0C n not t Koc noooc Aprot€poC Kno6oC nunoioC QnsBoC

Miaoq

rcot

oprottpoc Kno,oc

nnouKtlc optnploc

HnotKti optnpio

oprnilo

KuattKoc noDoc

Aptot€pti VoorprKi

Qn€

foar po,uO€ Ko60Kt utit K n opr npto novKp€oc A€€to VomptKtl optnpio Kot OniBa

Etxtivo 2-66. Avoroptro nopooreuoolto XotrldtlXou ruorqg, Xotrlrpdpurv nopov ror rotv ouvodtlv orpotpopov oyyeiorv. H Xotrl6oXoq ruorrl eXer oqv rourl r1g, evdr ro rlnop eXer ove),ruoOel npoq ro novo.

norotrtr40et ono

225

H KOIAIA

Iro (titvro orogo ro rlnop e[vor rovovrro potroro ror eun],ooro opy0v0, TOU ono(ou ro oXrlpo dropoprptilveror ono ro ovoroprrd oror-

ro neprpotrlouv (Err. 2-65 roL 2-67). Koroorqv6veL rup[oq oro de[to 0olo rou drorppoylroroq, otrtro errelveror enloqg ror ndpo ono ro p6oo enlnedo ror rorotroppover p6pog rou oprorepoI 0dtrou rou drorppoygoroq (Err. 2-25). To uqrnloTepo orlgeio rou 11Xe[o nou

ye[o rou 0otrou rou 6rorppoygorog, droXop((eror ono ourov pe evo rprlpo rqg neprrovoirqg rortrorlrog nou l6yeror uno6rorppoyporrxd xdtrnopo (ELr. 2-65). H neproXrl nou pp[oxeror pero[f rolv nero),tr.rv tou oretpovto[ou ouvdeopou (n yuUvn enrqovero rou qnoroq) dev xotrunreror ono neprrovoro (Erx. 2-67 xu 2-68). Ie ourrl

qv neproXl

unopXe

pro trenrr1 orrpo6o Xotropou ouvderrrou

norog pplorerot nioul ono rr1 de{ro ndpnrl ntreupo, opdoog rortrr ono rr1 0r1tr4 (Err. 2-36).

roro[. To drotppoylro Xtopi(er ro ovtorepo rpqpo rou 1norog ono ro 0olporrxo opyovo. To ovtlrepo rprlpo rou rlnorog rotrunreror

To rlnop evron((eror xuplog oro de[Lo ovor reroprrlpdpro qq rortr(og, onou roro),opBover otrortrr1po oXedov ro de[ro unoXov-

ono neprrovoro pe e[oipeon Uep0q rou onro0[ou rp4poroq rou, oro Xe[trog qg yulrvrlg enrqoveroq (Err. 2-65, 2-67 xtt 2-68). To onloOro rplpo rou rlnorog neprtroppover ro peyLoro Uepoq qq yupvnq entqovetog, nou ppforeror gerolu rov ovoropgeov Tou

6pro, p6pog rou enryoorp(ou ror erre[veTor oTo oprorepo unoXov-

6pro (Err. 2-36). 'EXer oyrlpo nupapidoq Ue Tl Bool npoq ro be{ro ror qv ropurprl npoq T0 oprorepo. Ko},unreror ror npoororeueror ono rov ooreoXovdprvo Oorporlrd rtropd. Onog eXer rtbn

ol-

geurOe[, ro rlnop peroronl(eror Ue Trq ovonveuorrreq rrvrloerg, troyol rrlq ouvdeorlq T0u Ue To drdrppoylro pe ro dpenovoeLDrl ror roug rplytr.rvoug ouvddopoug (Ex. 2-25, 2-27 ru 2-68). Meroron(oerg rou 1norog ouppofvouv pe roOe otrtroyr1 qg orooeog rou orirporog nou enlpeo(er ro drorppoylro. 0uorotroytro, ro rqnop e-

rreiveror rpoq r0 rortrl g6Xpr ro delro nleuprro Xeitrog. H {tnloqqoq rou ylveror eurotro, ov (qrqOei ono rov oo0evrl vo eronveUoer po0ro rilore vo perorrv40eI ro 6rorppoylro ror ro rlnop rpoq r0 rorot.

Irrl btopxero rnq (onq ro rlnop urpiororor euxotro prl(n.X. oe rpougoTro;lorig ;re poXoipt 11 oe xoroyporo [etg ntreupdrv). A6yo rrlq UeVotrnq oyyeLoppL0etoq rou Kor rrlq eu0punroqrdq rou, 0r pr1{erq rou rlnoroq nporotrofv ouXvo or;govnr4 orpoppoyio pe onoretreopo otryoq oro 5e[to

ovol reroprqp6pto. Ener04

ro rlnop e[vor eu0punro, ro

rpou;roro rou dev oupponrovror oqLr<rd. Ie notrtro voo4poro nopoqpe(ror 6ulyroroq rou qnorog (n.X. oqv ropdroxrl ovenopxero). 'Orov ouppei eroeorlpoopevrl droyxooq rou

lnorog, ro rorcr: xeilog rou pnopei vo rpoooeL oro delro xoto teroprqgopro rrlg xortriog. Ie neplnroorl ori{qor1g rou

oreqovro[ou ouvdeopou. H yupvrj enrqovero rou {norog ppiorerot oe opeoq enoql pe ro dtorppoylro. H xortrl ro(trr1 qtreBo roroorlvdrver oe outroxo oro 0proTspo TUnU0 Tlq yuUVnq enrqoverog, oe op6otrrg belto 06oq oq rpog ro peoo enlnedo (Err. 2-67 6otq 2-6e).

qnorog (Ew. 2-67 , 2-70 rot 2-71) ro xoro, n(oo ror oprorepo ror droXopi(eror ono rrq brorppoyporLul enrqovero rou rlnorog pe ro roro Xeitrog. H ontroXvrrrl errqovero rou qnorog rol,unrel ro eErtq ovoroprro ororXeto: (1) ro ovrrl de{ro rprlpo rqq npooOroq enupoverog rou oropoXou, (2) r4v ovul po(po rou doderodorrftr0u, (3) ro dtroooov enlntrouv, (4) 14 XolldoXo xuorq, (5) q de[ro rotrrrq ropnfl xor (6) notrtro oyye(o ror veupo nou oXer((ovroL ge ro noponovot ororXefo. H ontroXvrrrl enrqovero rou rlnorog ro),unrerol ono neplrovolo, e, H onAaywrq entrpaven rou

ptr6neL npog

rrog ono rq 06oq onou roroorrlvdrver

1otr1doXoq

ruoq ror rqv

n0trq rou qnorog. Aev e(vor opotrr1, debop6vou orr nopouoLo(et po0r5q oXropeg ror Bo0p(0, 1 droro[q rotv onolov oXqpori(er ro ypoppo H. To opr(dvlo or6troq rou ypopporoq H oXrlgor((erot ono rrlv

xot2-71). H nritrq rou {norog eC po0ro vor eyroporo oXrogrl orq ontroXvLrrl enrrpovero rou rlnorog, nutr1 rou rlnorog (Eu<. 2-67, 2-70

plroug 5 er. nepfnou. lleprdXerrrlv nutroio rptr6po, rnv rlnorLrrl oprrlp[u, ro veuprro ntr6ygo rou rlnorog, rouq qnorrroug nopoug ror trepqoyye(0. To oprorepo opetrro(o oxetrr1 rou H oXrlpor((ovroL ono

oyrou rtov nveupovov (n.1. )royur eprpuo4parog|, to ordqpoypo xor ro rlnop otOouvror rpoq r0 roro, pe onor6treopo v0 xo0iororor qrntroqnTd ro rdro Xeitrog rou nnoroq.

Bo0r6q oXLogdg nou nepreXouv rc orpoyyuAo oAvdeopo rou r1naroq Kor rc rfi,eBddr1 oAvdeopo. To delro opetrroio ox6trr1 rou H oXrlpor[(ovror ono rov ruolro Fo0po, nou qdo[eve( rr1 XotrrlboXo ru-

Adyo rrlg 0rlorlg rou rlnoroq, BIopeS rou 0oporrrou rorlcirpotoq (onog n.X. rordygoro rorv nLeuptilv) nou evroni(owot xoro ono ro ndpnro geoontreupro droorqpo, rdro(repo oro 0e[ro lproropoxro, gnopei vo nporo]reoouv pr1ir1 rou 11-

0Trl Kor

n0T0q.

Or enryfvereg rou 7narog To lnop nopouoto(er 6rorppoyporrrrl ror onl,olvrrrl enupovero. 0r enrqovereg ourdg droXrrrp((ovror gero[u roug ono ro olu rorto 1ertrog, pe e[oipeoq ro onlo0ro rprlpo rou opyovou. H 1nrppaypotLx1 enrcpoveLo rou 7norcg (Err. 2-25 xot 2-27) e(vot ),e[o xor rupr1, drorr npoooplro(eror orrlv roft1 roror e nrtpovtt0 T0u 6roqpdyporoq. Av ror r; enLqdvero ourfl onoretreI erpo-

outroro rrlg

roro roitrrlq

qtrepoq.

A6yo rqq orevlq oX6orlg rrlg drorppoygolrrlg enLtpoveroq rou 4norog pe ro drdrppoygo Kor rnq eyy6rr;rdq r4q '1Ue rouq nve0goveg (Etx. 2-25 xst 2-27 , ptr. enLorlg Err.

14l,4nanxo onoorqpara pnope( vo unoorouv pnâ&#x201A;Źl

Ueotrt

rou drorppoy;roroq Kor vo ero6),0ouv oq Oorpor<rxf roiloqro. llopolroitrrg, 0roporrxo voorlgoro pnoper vo enexro0o0v oro f1nop. llepLnou 100. 000 oropo neOoivouv rd0e Xp6vo

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