Trek Comparison Guide-Apus Peru

Trek Comparison Guide A glimpse into Peru history

Off the Beaten track places to visit in Peru

Code for the responsible tourism

Prevention and treatment of altitude sickness

explore places no one else goes!

Insider expertise we’ll show you the real Peru From the moment that Apus Peru founder Ariana first crossed into the country twenty years ago, she began accumulating a phenomenal knowledge bank of all the incredible places she encountered. Travelling by dugout canoe on the Rio Napo in the far north, Ariana’s eyes were opened to the endless possibilities of adventure in this wild and welcoming land.

We’ve picked Ariana’s brains to come up with this comparison guide aimed at intrepid travellers looking for offbeat explorations, iconic experiences, and everything in between.

If you’re wondering what to do in Peru, or are after expert travel tips, then you’ve come to the right place!

Read on and we’ll take you on a journey to the best treks in the country. You’ll discover not only the top famous attractions in Peru but also several hidden gems that most people have never even heard of. Welcome to the Peru insider’s club!

"Traveling allows you to become so many different versions of yourself."

Page 02

Section 1 A glimpse into Peru history

5

Off the Beaten track places to visit in Peru

6

Section 2

Table of Contents

Ausangate Trek Choquequirao Trek Carabaya Trek Huchuy Qosqo Trek Lares Trek Salkantay Trek

7-8 9-10 11-12 13-14 15-16 17-18

Vilcabamba Trek Ancascocha Trek

19-20 21

Section 3 Altitude Aclimatization Code for Responsible Tourism

22 23-24

Section 4 Trek Comparison chart

25-26

We at Apus Peru are simply fascinated by Peru history and its rich culture

Epic experiences in Peru.

Things to do that will blow your mind!

Looking for unique things to do in Peru? Whether you’re building a Peru bucket list, or just want some ideas for your next trip, this useful guide will be sure to get those brain cells whirring. After all, there’s nowhere quite like Peru. Things to do here include exploring remote Inca ruins, trekking through the Andes, and even meeting the odd dinosaur.

From pre-Columbian times through the Inca Empire and down to the modern-day Andean culture, explore this wealth of culture with us on one of our specially-designed treks or cultural experiences.

Peru has a fascinating history spanning millennia, from preColumbian civilizations like the Moche and Huari to the Incan Empire, and through the Spanish Colonial period to today’s modern Republic. With such a rich array of interesting destinations and tourist attractions, Peru has so much to offer the modern-day traveller.

A glimpse into Peru history: Pre-Incan Cultures Before the Incas, in the country we know as Peru today, there had developed a wide range of local states that had a high level of cultural, administrative and artistic development, from Chavín to Paracas, Nazca and Mochica, and the Wari, which expanded from the 7th to 10th century almost over all Peruvian territory.

The Incan Empire There are a number of interesting origin myths about where the Incas came from, but most

The spread of Inca influence The Inca Pachacutec began the expansion of his dominions by military and diplomatic means through reciprocal agreements with his neighbors or outright conquer.

All the achievements of the “Incas” were

likely they were a tribe that came from the Lake Titicaca area.

This tribe were the Quechua people (Quechua is also the name of their native language) and the head of the tribe was called the Inca.

Although “inca” really referred to the leader or king, these days the name Inca refers to this

actually in place prior to the “Inca Empire”, including fine rock construction, cultivation and irrigation systems, but what the Incas did

conquering Quechua tribe, generally. After some centuries, this group consolidated their power after defeating neighboring tribes, and

was create, organize, and administer a pan-

around 1438 the Inca state as we came to

Andean state that brought together many warring tribes.

know it came into power under the Inca Pachacutec.

Peru is an incredible country, rich in both cultural and ecological diversity.

Page 05

Unique and off the beaten track places to visit in Peru

This section is about destinations that are little visited, but just as epic (and sometimes even more so!) than the popular icons above. If you fancy harnessing your inner Lara Croft or Indiana Jones and want to experience something a bit different, then these are for you.

Hike from Choquequirao to Machu Picchu This epic trek is a must do in Peru for intrepid adventurers looking for an alternative to the Inca Trail. It’s one of our favourite hikes in the Cusco region because it takes in some mind-blowing Incan sites, including Choquequirao and Machu Picchu.

The route also meanders through the stunning Vilcabamba region which was the last bastion of the ancient Inca Empire.

Take on the remote Ausangate trek If you want to stretch yourself while surrounded by breathtaking alpine scenery, then the challenging high-altitude Ausangate trek is for you. The route traverses 70km (45 mi) of the Cordillera Vilcanota, finishing and ending at Tinki. It winds around Ausangate mountain, taking you deep into the Andean wilds. You can also include a trip to the Rainbow Mountain on this hike, ticking off two Peru bucket list items at once!

Page 6

Hike an alternative Inca trail Did you know that there is more than one Inca trail in Peru? In fact, there are hundreds, so if you want to avoid the hordes but still walk in the footsteps of the Incas, we can point you in the right direction.

One of our favourite alternative Inca trail experiences is the half-day hike from Chinchero to Urquillos in the Sacred Valley. It’s totally off the beaten track, and you’ll likely have the path all to yourself.

The route begins in the weaving town of Chinchero and descends through woodlands and ravines, following Incan irrigation canals down to the tiny hamlet of Urquillos. The mountainsides are steep, and the views are dramatic.

www.apus-peru.com

ANCASCOCHA TREK

Local Environment Due to this route being off the beaten track, you will be treated to some of the most well-preserved landscapes in the Andes, including stunning mountain scenery, snow-covered peaks, highland pampas, and even tropical landscapes. Vegetation you’re likely to spot includes native grasses and trees including chachacoma and qeuña, orchids, bromeliads and begonias.

The Route The Ancascocha route is only travelled by a few companies in the area, making it one of the most adventurous and unique trekking experiences available, and certainly one of the most adventurous possible in just two days without venturing too far from Cusco city.

The short Ancascocha trek begins by travelling by car to Molino, from where you hike to Huata, an archaeological site dating back to Incan times and with religious significance. The trek continues through steep up and down undulating terrain until reaching Chillipahua, where you will stop for lunch. After lunch, the trail continues with a moderately steep climb towards Cochapata, where you are treated to views of vivid red mountains.

Communities and Campsites on the Ancascocha Route

2803m ·Mollepata 3850m ·Soraypampa 4600m sa ·Pampa japone 4078m ·Molino 3915m ·Huata 3752m ·Chillipahua 4028m ·Cochapata ·Ancascocha Alta ·Ancascocha Baja 2931m ·Chillca 2792m ·Ollantaytambo 2040m ·Aguas Calientes

On Day 2, after a steep climb to Puca Ccasa pass, you then descend to the communities of Ancascocha Alta and Ancascocha Baja, where you can visit the school if it is school day. These communities are high, remote and very isolated. From here, you descend through a narrow chasm alongside a rushing stream, with spectacular views of Mt Veronica in front.

The trail from here goes steeply downwards, passing through farmland, to the community of Chillca, as the landscape changes from high altiplano to tropical.

The Ancascocha trek ends with a trip by bus to Ollantaytambo, followed by the train to Aguas Calientes, in preparation for a visit to Machu Picchu early the next Morning.

The extended Ancascocha alternative combines the best of this route with a bit of Salkantay. This trek begins by driving to Soraypampa, after a short stop in Mollepata for supplies. The hike ends at Pampa Japonesa, a camp site at the foot of the majestic Salkantay.

Treks on the Ancascocha Route offered by Apus Peru: • Ancascocha Corta 3 d • Ancascocha Alternative, via Salkantay 5 d

Page 21

AUSANGATE TREK

The hikes on the Ausangate route offer some of the most spectacular scenery in the Cusco area, with numerous glacial lakes, and views of many of the glacial peaks in the Vilcanota Range. In addition, it’s one of the best treks for spotting wildlife. You’ll have the opportunity to spot Andean geese, the Andean coot, ducks, and possibly even flamingoes! In addition to this colourful array of aquatic birds, you will also pass by grazing llamas and alpacas and, if you’re lucky, you may even spot some vicuñas! Vicuñas are the wild cousin of the llama and alpaca, and are renowned for their fine fibre.

The Route The trek begins from the town of Tinqui, a three hour drive from Cusco on the new TransOceanic Highway. Within the first three hours of the hike out of Tinqui, you will already have views of the incredible Vilcanota mountain range, including the majestic Ausangate. We end the day in time for a dip in the hot springs at Upis before calling it a night.

After crossing the Arapa Pass (4850m), we descend the valley along a string of colourful lakes – the green Puka Qocha, followed by the turquoise Hatun Puka Qocha. Another turquoise blue lake comes into view after crossing another high pass - Ausangate Qocha, so-named because it is fed by the glacial run-off of Ausangate itself.

Day 3 begins by crossing another high pass, Palomani Pass, the highest of the trek at 5200m. After following the trail into the valley below, by the afternoon we’ll have views of the stunning Tres Picos and Puca Punta peaks, before continuing through the wide green valley.

We begin Day 4 with another high pass, Q’ampa Pass (5000m), passing by several pristine glacial lakes, including Q’omaqocha, where we stop for lunch. We finish the day at the community of Pacchanta, where we have another chance to warm up in the local hot springs here before exploring this community. Here you also have the option of staying in a local hostel in place of camping. The following day is a short hike back to Tinqui where you have time to explore this town before returning to Cusco.

Page 7

Treks on the Route offered by Apus Peru: • Ausangate Circuit

5d

For those on the Sibinacocha hike, the route follows somewhat in reverse, taking a detour towards Sibinacocha lake. This trek is definitely one that is ‘off the beaten path’ as you hike through almost completely uninhabited areas of pristine wilderness. This route offers views of a series of stunning turquoise lakes, and even one black one – Yanaqocha, surrounded by black and red volcanic soils, and moraines, which indicate the presence of previous glaciers. The valleys crossed on this version of the hike feature spectacular views of a series of coloured mountains, including Santa Catalina, Maria Huamantiqlla, Pucapunta, Colquecruz, and of course, Ausangate. The trek ends with a hike along Sibinacocha lake.

AUSANGATE TREK For the really adventurous, this alternative trek also offers the opportunity to do a scramble up the snow-capped Cerro Yayamari (5500m; 6049m at its highest peak). Not for the faint of heart, including this climb makes for a long 10 hour day tacked onto the end of your trip, with the ascent taking about 4 hours, and 3 hours to come down.

HIstory & Culture Dominating Cusco’s southern horizon, Apu Ausangate is one of the most sacred mountains in the area, highly revered by the local people. There is a myth dating back to pre-Incan times which tells that from Ausangate springs forth the masculine energy that fertilizes Pachamama, the earth. In addition, it is said that every night the waters that feed the lakes and glaciers ascend the heavens and turn into Willkamayu, the Milky Way. The north side of Ausangate also features prominently in one of the most important traditional pilgrimage in the area, the festival of Qoyllor R’iti.

Ausangate sites Communities and Camp on the Route

·Tinqui ·Upis ·Urcos ·Ccatca ·Ocongate ·Phinaya

3800m 4400m 3180m 3700m 3763m 4850m

Page 8

CHOQUEQUIRAO TREK Local Environment This low-elevation hike rewards with a stunning view of the Apurímac Canyon and the ruins at Choquequirao at every turn. The Apurímac Canyon ranks as the third deepest in the world, so the hike up its steep sides is quite arduous, but the views of the surrounding snow-capped peaks make the effort worth it. You may also be able to see condors! Because of the low-elevation, the temperatures do not get as cold at night as on many other routes, and in fact, it can get quite warm inside the canyon. The vegetation throughout most of the hike is lush and semi-tropical.

The Route The Choquequirao treks begin by travelling by private car to the community of Cachora, passing through idyllic countryside and farmland along the way. Here there is time for a visit to the archaeological site of Saywite before beginning the descent into the canyon.

Beautiful views of the Apurímac Canyon and the snowy peaks of Padrayoc and Wayna Cachora mountains await you during the trek, before starting a steep descent towards the first campsite.

The second day of hiking continues down to the Apurímac River before starting a steep climb up the canyon wall, where you will be able to catch your first glimpse of the ruins. We reach the ruins by evening, being able to take in this breathtaking spot as the sun begins to set. If you’re lucky, you will be able to share this peaceful moment with condors flying overhead.

The next day will offer you more time to explore the ruins fully before beginning the return journey to your point of departure.

Page 9

Treks on the Route offered

by Apus Peru: Choquequirao to Huanipaca 4 d ·Classic Choquequirao 4 d ·Choquequirao Comfort 5 d ·Choquequirao to Vilcabamba 8 d ·Choquequirao to Machu Picchu 7, 8 or 9 d ·Choquequirao, Salkantay and Inka Trail to Machu Picchu 12 d

Choquequirao

Communities and Campsites on the Route 2909m ·Cachora ·Capuliyoc 2915m ·Chiccisqa 1836m ·Santa Rosa 2095m ·Marampata 2913m ·Huanipaca 3150m

··

CHOQUEQUIRAO TREK History & Culture The Choquequirao archaeological site, perched on a ledge high above the Apurímac River, is one of the less-trafficked sites in the Peruvian Andes, despite being one of the most historically significant. It is believed that Choquequirao remained in operation even after the Spanish Conquest, and that the route from this site to the site of Vilcabamba (Espiritu Santo) was of great significance to the Incas.

Page 6

CARABAYA TREK This trek is truly “off the beaten path”, as very few companies offer the route, which takes you through the remote and scenic province of Carabaya. This is an unmatched opportunity for true high altitude exploration.

This trek can either start out of Puno or Cusco. If leaving from Cusco, you must add one day to the tour length to account for the full day drive from Cusco to Puno. If you choose this option, the trip includes stops at the Inca Gate of Pikillaqta, the “Sistine Chapel” of the Andes in Andahuaylillas, and the archaeological sites of Raqchi and Pukara.

The Route

The trek begins in earnest following a four hour drive from Puno to the trailhead, passing stretches of farmland where you might be able to witness the locals tending their fields and animals. Before reaching your campsite tonight, with views of the snow-capped Quelquaya peak, you will have passed through the canyon of Rio Corani, seen rock gardens and other interesting rock formations, and possibly caught glimpses of the elusive viscacha, or Andean chinchilla.

The next few days take you through varied landscapes, from swamps to open valleys and high mountain passes above 5000m, passing towering rock outcrops, hydroelectric infrastructure, and numerous stunning views of the surrounding glaciar-topped Vilcanota range.

Communities and Campsites on the Carabaya Route

Treks on the Carabaya Route offered by Apus Peru: • Carabaya Trek 9d

Page 11

·Mollepata ·Veloyuc ·Chimboya ·Cascara ·Killita ·Ccampa ·Ninapara ·Pacchanta

2803m 4563m 5122m 4900m 4735m 4300m 4656m 4100m

CARABAYA TREK HIstory & Culture The last couple of days on the trek offer the opportunity to take in the magnificence of Apu Ausangate.

Dominating Cusco’s southern horizon, Ausangate is one of the most sacred mountains in the area, highly revered by the local people. There is a myth dating back to pre-Incan times which tells that from Ausangate springs forth the masculine energy that fertilizes Pachamama, the earth. In addition, it is said that every night the waters that feed the lakes and glaciers ascend the heavens and turn into Willkamayu, the Milky Way. Ccampa pass, reached on the 8th day of the standard trek, is a place for locals to make offerings to the Apus, so you will see several small stone offering piles.

The north side of Ausangate also features prominently in one of the most important traditional pilgrimages in the area, the festival of Qoyllor R’iti.

For the really adventurous, this alternative trek also offers the opportunity to extend your trip by one day in order to do a scramble up the snow-capped Cerro Yayamari (5500m; 6049m at its highest peak). Not for the faint of heart, including this climb makes for a long 10 hour day tacked onto your trip, with the ascent taking about 4 hours, and 3 hours to come down.

As this long and challenging trek winds to a close on the 9th Day, you find yourself in Pacchanta, where you will have lunch and a well-deserved opportunity to soak in its famous hot springs before heading back to Cusco by car.

Local Environment This unique trek features snow-covered landscapes, impressive massifs, and intriguing rock formations. In addition to these, there are opportunities to appreciate local vegetation such as bromeliads, as well as a variety of wildlife, including the viscacha, alpacas, llamas, and even vicuñas.

The hike takes you through varied landscape, from river canyons to open pampas, passing immense rivers and beautiful glacial lakes. Here you have the opportunity to see all kinds of wetland birdlife, including pink flamingoes and migrating ducks.

One thing to note about this route is that it is at very high altitude the whole way. Consequently, this trek is literally “breath-taking”, as much for its beauty as for the altitude. You must be well acclimatized before taking this journey, and also prepared for chilly nights where the temperature falls below freezing.

Page 12

HUCHUY QOSQO TREK

History & Culture This hike is especially rich in culture, with visits to some of the principal archaeological sites near Cusco. The first is Tambomachay.

This is where the hike begins – and therefore, the start of the work – despite the fact that in Quechua Tambomachay signifies “place of rest”!

The highlight of this trek is Huchuy Qosqo, meaning “Little Cusco” in Quechua. It is an interesting Incan site believed to have already been abandoned by the time of the Spanish invasion.

Contrast the old with the new as you journey past modern-day settlements on the way to these archaeological ruins, perhaps witnessing the locals tending their fields much as their ancestors have done for centuries before them.

Huchuy Qosqo

Communities and Campsites on the Route

·Tambomachay 3750m ·Pucamarca 3750m ·Huchuy Qosqo 3600m 2941m ·Lamay

Treks on the Route offered

by Apus Peru: Huchuy Qosqo 2d ·Old Peak and Small Cusco 3 d

Page 13

··

Local Environment This highland trek above the Sacred Valley combines a moderately high altitude climate and landscape of native grasses with the lush green valley below. Just before reaching the principal site on this trek, you will also be treated to a magical canyon full of lush vegetation including bromeliads, and a rushing waterfall.

The Route The route starts by taking private transport from Cusco to the archaeological site of Tambomachay. After spending some time wandering these interesting ruins, you will hike steadily upwards for a magnificent view high above Cusco City. From here, follow an Incan trail passing alpine lakes and pastures with grazing llamas. We cross four gentle passes this day, the highest at just 4000m, before arriving at a small hamlet dotted with stone houses with thatched roofs where we will camp for the night.

HUCHUY QOSQO TREK Soon after we set out on Day 2, you will pass through a spectacular narrow canyon with lush vegetation and a rushing waterfall – a veritable oasis in the high altiplano!

From here we continue on until reaching the ruins of Huchuy Qosqo. After spending time contemplating the significance of this remote site, high above the Sacred Valley, we make the steep journey down to Lamay, following a series of short switchbacks.

After lunch in the typical and un-touristed town of Lamay, we make our way back to Cusco by car. Time permitting, we may stop in Pisac to tour its famous market, or in Awanacancha to see alpacas, llamas and vicuñas up close, and learn about local weaving traditions.

Page 14

LARES VALLEY ROUTE

History & Culture The Lares Route is often referred to as the “Weaver’s Trail”, due to the fact that it passes through several traditional villages renowned for their weaving. The hiking route also criss-crosses several mountain paths used by local inhabitants, including weavers! It is not uncommon to see women walk past carrying large bundles in their mantas on their backs or spinning wool on a drop spindle. Where the route passes through the small village of Huacawasi, it is often possible to see the women at work on their weaving while they tend their animals in the fields.

A fascinating part of the Lares Route is that you get to witness the variety among different Quechua communities and their lifestyle. Although they all share similar cultural practices, not to mention a common language, each community has a different way of adapting to the local environment, visible in the variations in their traditional dress, and the construction of their houses.

Local Environment

Treks on the Route offered by Apus Peru: ·Lares Chupani Special, with Machu Picchu 3 d ·Lares and Machu Picchu 4 d ·Traditional Lares Valley Trek 4 d ·All of Lares 5 d ·Chaullacocha Community Trek 1 d ·Inca Traditions (Weaving & Pumamarca) 1 d

On the Lares Route, you will be treated to stunning views of some of the local apus or mountains, including Pitusiray, Chicon, and Veronica. The route takes you through mountain corridors, high passes, and remote valleys, passing by incredible glacial lakes, rivers, and waterfalls. The opportunity to spot wildlife is great, including numerous aquatic species of birds, the chinchillalike viscacha, and, of course, many llamas and alpacas!

Page 15

··

The Route Most treks on the Lares route begin with a pick-up from your hotel in Cusco, and transport into the Sacred Valley. The route begins here, in the small village of Huaran, surrounded by pretty farmland and the nearby Vilcanota river.

The hike from Huaran to Cancha Cancha begins with a beautiful walk through the mountain corridor alongside a small river. The terrain is pretty, with trees, shrubs, rocks and boulders, and the climb not too strenuous.

LARES VALLEY ROUTE

On the second day, you are treated to a view of two brilliant glacial lakes – Suirococha and Yuraccocha, the latter meaning “White Lake” in Quechua. Here you might be able to spot two species of Andean birds: the Andean Ibis and Andean goose. If you’re lucky you might also be able to spot the often well-camouflaged viscacha, a small mammal in the chinchilla family.

The trail continues steeply upward, until reaching the first pass at 4460m, which offers stunning views of the snowcovered peaks of Pitusiray and Chicon (5750 and 5500m, respectively). This day ends following a ridge down into a secluded corrie filled with glacial lakes and rich bird life, as well as a series of nine waterfalls.

An interesting treat for Apus trekkers on this route is the chance to visit the communities of Chaullacocha and Rumira Sondormayo, the two communities that Apus supports by donating $15 from every trek to the NGO Threads of Peru.

In Chaullacocha you have the chance to visit their primary school, reopened after being forced to close in the 1990s due to terrorism.

Children in the village must board at the high school in Patakancha, about a 4 hour hike away, if they wish to attend secondary school.

Lares Communities and Campsites on the Route • Huaran 2840m • Cancha Cancha 3800m • Quishuarani 3700m • Concani 3750m • Lares 3100m • Huacawasi 3700m • Chaullacocha 4100m • Chupani 4078m • Rumira Sondormayo 3915m • Ollantaytambo 2792m

The route continues between the villages of Quishuarani and Lares, passing by Concani, which features incredible sapphire blue lakes, and ends up at Lares’ famous hot springs!

The fourth day, which follows the Trapiche River Valley, passing through the communities of Vilcabamba and Huacawasi, often offers a beautiful view of Mt Veronica (5750m) on clear days.

The final day on the route takes you from the very remote community of Chaullacocha to nearby Rumira Sondormayo and Patakancha, before ending in the “living Incan city” of Ollantaytambo.

Page 16

SALKANTAY TREK Local Environment This route carves a path beneath the sacred apu Salkantay, offering stunning views of two of the highest peaks in the Peruvian Andes: Huamantay (5917m) and Salkantay itself (6271m). The treks on this route have an emphasis on the beautiful natural landscape, which gradually changes as you descend from high mountain passes offering views of snowy glaciers down to the ceja de la selva (literally, “eyebrow of the jungle”), where you experience a more tropical landscape, with avocado, citrus and banana trees, coffee plants, orchids, bromeliads, and a host of tropical birds, butterflies, and other insects.

History & Culture The interesting features of the this route include the little-visited ruins of Llactapata, discovered at the same time as Machu Picchu by Hiram Bingham, but only recently being recognized for its archaeological importance. Hikers opting for one of the longer treks also have the opportunity to visit a high-altitude Incan canal at Pampacahuana as well as the Incan fortress Inkaracay, also known as Paucarcancha.

Other cultural and adventure highlights include a visit to the impressive Machu Picchu hydroelectric dam, which supplies electricity to even some of the most remote indigenous communities in the area, and the Cola de Mono (monkey’s tail), the longest and highest zipline in South America. Not for the faint of heart!

For a real taste of local culture, Apus trekkers on the Salkantay route can opt to spend one night in a local homestay, where they can live and share a meal with a local family and experience their lifestyle. Homestays are a popular economic venture among rural indigenous communities, as it allows them to earn an income while maintaining their traditional lifestyle, and without having to move to an urban area. These homestays are arranged in collaboration with COCLA tours, a branch of the responsible and sustainable coffee growers’ cooperative.

Page 6

··

Named one of the Top 25 Best Treks in the world by National Geographic Magazine, the Salkantay route offers

The Route

an excellent alternative to the Classic Inca Trail.

The route begins with a transfer by private car to the small community of Mollepata or Challacancha (depending on the specific trek). From here, the trail ascends for your first views of Huamantay. On Day Two, the trail follows a series of switchbacks to reach the highest point of the trek after passing through a glacial moraine where you might catch a glimpse of the viscacha, the wild Andean chinchilla. At the pass, you will find yourself in the middle of Salkantay and Huamantay, with views of Pumasillo (5850m) in front of you.

SALKANTAY TREK

mountain

From here, Apus takes you “off the beaten track” on a little-used trail that takes you to the campsite at Unuyoc, where you are likely to be the only ones there. From the highest point, you can see down to the lush Santa Teresa valley below, where you will be hiking on Day Three.

The last day of hiking is an easy climb down into the cloud forest, where you will notice the landscape change dramatically. On Day Four, you have the option to relax in the Colcamayu hot springs, hike to some nearby Incan ruins, or, if you are feeling adventurous, ride the Cola de Mono! Following these activities, you will have the choice to either walk or take the train into Aguas Calientes, in preparation for your visit to Machu Picchu the next day.

Salkantay Communities and Campsites on the Route

Treks on the Route offered by Apus Peru: • Expreso Salkantay 4d • Salkantay 5d • Salkantay and Inca Trail to Machu Picchu 6 d • Choquequirao, Salkantay, Inca Trail, and Machu Picchu 12 d

• Mollepata 2803m • Soraypampa 3850m • Ichupata 4200m • Sisaypampa 3700m • Pampacahuana 3852m • Challacancha 3600m • Salkantaycocha 4100m • Huayracmachay 4525m • Unuyoc 4554m • Wiñaypoco 2500m • La Playa 2155m • Lucmabamba 2000m • Santa Teresa 1550m Page 18

VILCABAMBA TREK The Route The Vilcabamba trek is filled with Inca Ruins and archaeological sites and it’s the perfect choice for both nature and history lovers! Feel the thrill of exploration as you arrive at the wonderfully constructed stone steps that lead to Espiritu Pampa, once the home of Tupac Amaru I. If you’re an Incan history buff looking for a unique, off-the-beaten-path adventure, then this Vilcabamba trek is for you!

History & Culture Follow in the footsteps of modern-day explorer Vincent Lee! This Vilcabamba trek takes you to the little known ruin of Puncuyoc and then crosses through un-trekked wilderness to an ancient Inca trail that leads to the last capital of the Incas, Espiritu Pampa.

Page 19

··

Local Environment Let yourself be amazed by the incredibly varied scenery and the Peruvian wildlife, including the Tunki bird!

Treks on the Route offered by Apus Peru: •·Vilcabamba to Machu Picchu 5d ·Choquequirao to Vilcabamba 8d ·Vilcabamba to Espiritu Pampa 9d ·Vilcabamba Range Grande Traverse 15 d

VILCABAMBA TREK Vilcabamba Communities and Campsites on the Route • Huaran 2840m • Cancha Cancha 3800m • Quishuarani 3700m • Concani 3750m • Lares 3100m • Huacawasi 3700m • Chaullacocha 4100m • Chupani 4078m

Page 20

Altittude Aclimatization

Cusco, is located at an impressive altitude of 3399m (11,151 ft) – one of the highest cities in the world! Machu Picchu and the Sacred Valley are considerably lower in altitude, but still higher than the average person has ever attained. All treks in the Peruvian Andes are at high altitude and many reach astounding elevations over 4000m or 5000m (13,123 ft to 16,404 ft)!

even

Prevention and Treatment Take it easy!

Proper acclimatization is so important before starting any trek. How you will react to being at high altitude is almost impossible to predict – old or young, fit or not, these things don’t seem to be a factor in determining how you will feel when you first arrive.

What is altitude sickness?

Indications of altitude sickness include headache, dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, loss of appetite, nausea, disturbed sleep, and a general feeling of malaise.

Symptoms tend to be worse at night and when respiratory drive is decreased. They usually start 12-24 hours after arrival at altitude and begin to decrease in severity by the third day.

SIDE NOTE: it is essential that you communicate any symptoms of illness immediately to your guide.

The best prevention and treatment of altitude sickness is proper acclimatization. And if you're coming specifically to do some Andean trekking, don't forget about our Pre Trek Acclimatization Tour! This 4-day excursion starts in the lower-altitude Sacred Valley and builds up, with a little bit of hiking included almost every day to help you get ready for your big Peruvian trek.

Get lots of rest and don't over-exert yourself. Light activity during the day is better than sleeping because respiration decreases during sleep, exacerbating the symptoms.

Avoid alcohol and Tobacco If you do consume alcohol, tobacco and coffee, make sure you drink extra water to compensate for the dehydrating effect of these substances.

Eat a high carbohydrate diet It is recommended to consume more than 70% of your calories from carbohydrates while at altitude.

Drink lots of fluids The age-old Andean recipe for altitude sickness (known here as soroche) is coca leaf tea, but any hydrating liquid (herbal teas, water, juice, or electrolytes) will help. Chewing the coca leaf itself may also help relieve symptoms of altitude sickness.

Code of Conduct for the Responsible Tourist

We are dedicated to Responsible Tourism. Don’t forget to play your part by respecting the landscape you are trekking through, not just in order to preserve its pristine beauty but also because the people who call this area home rely on its long-term health and vitality for their survival as well as their happiness.

Please be sure to treat plants and wildlife with respect, don’t remove anything from its natural habitat, and take all garbage with you when you leave an area.

For us, sustainable travel and responsible tourism are core values, and operating sustainable tours in Peru is what we’re all about.

Read more about Peru Responsible Travel and Sustainable Tourism

Page 23

HOW ARE WE A RESPONSIBLE TRAVEL COMPANY?

The Inca Trail and other treks are notorious for the mistreatment of porters and other trail staff who are asked to carry more than government regulations allow. At Apus Peru, we do things differently, going above and beyond these minimums. Read more about how we take care of all our staff, including porters and horsemen.

We treat our staff right

We provide oportunities for local communities

We give back Page 24

··

Trek Lenght (days)

Rainbow Mountain Trek

1D

Trek Comparison Chart

Difficulty

Altitude

Terrain

***

5040 m

Gently ondulating

Gently ondulating

Category

Popular Scenery

Rainbow Mountain Cusco Trek

2D

***

5040 m

Short Inca Trail

2D

**

2730 m

Steps

History Wildlife Scenery

Huchuy Qosqo

2D

**

4350 m

Flat /down

History Adventure Scenery

Huchuy Qosqo Trek

3D

**

4350 m

Flat /down

History Adventure Scenery

Ancascocha Trail

3D

Lares Valley Cultural Trail Classic Inca Trail

Choquequirao Trek Lares & Machu Picchu

3D 4D 4D

4D

**** **** ****

**** ***

4650 m

Popular Scenery

Wildlife Steeps Adventure Inclines/declines Scenery

Region

Ausangate

Ausangate

Inca Trail

Ancascocha

Steeps Inclines/ declines

Culture Adventure Scenery

Lares

4200 m

Steps

Wildlife History Scenery

Inca Trail

3300 m

Steeps Inclines/ declines

Wildlife History Scenery Adventure

Choquequirao

4460 m

Gently ondulating

Wildlife History Scenery Culture

4200 m

Lares & Machu Picchu

Page 25

··

Trek Lenght (days)

Traditional Lares Trek Salkantay Trek

4D 4D

Trek Comparison Chart

Difficulty

Altitude

Terrain

Category

Region

***

4460 m

Gently ondulating

Culture Wildlife Scenery

Lares

****

4600 m

Hard first day; Gently ondulating

***

4200 m

Gently ondulating

History Culture Scenery

Lares & Machu Picchu

Steps

History Culture Wildlife

Inca Trail

Adventure Wildlife Scenery

Salkantay

Inca Trail & Lares to Machu Picchu

4D

Inca Trail Trek

5D

***

4200 m

Ancascocha Trek

5D

****

5000 m

Undulating/ Steep sections

Adventure Scenery

Ancascocha

Ausangate Trek

5D

***

5100 m

Cross Country Up and Down Steep section

Wildlife Adventure Scenery

Ausangate

Ausangate Rainbow Mountain

5D

***

5100 m

Up and Down Steep section

Wildlife Scenery

Ausangate

Wildlife Culture Scenery

Lares

Wildlife History Scenery

Salkantay, Machu Picchu

Lares Trail

5D

Salkantay to Machu Picchu

5D

Inca Trail & Salkantay to Machu Picchu

6D

***

4460 m

Up and Down Steep section

***

4600 m

Hard first day, Gently undulating

***

4850 m

Steep Wildlife inclines/declines; History steps; some gently Scenery undulating sections

Inca Trail, Salkantay, Machu Picchu

Page 26

··

Trek Lenght (days)

Ausangate Hike

to Sibinacocha Choquequirao Trek to Machu Picchu Choquequirao to Machu Picchu Adventure Trek

Choquequirao to Vitcos

Vilcabamba to Espiritu Pampa

Choquequirao to Vilcabamba Trek

Carabaya Inca trail & Choquequirao to Machu Picchu

Choquequirao to Espiritu Pampa

6D

7D

8D

8D

8D

9D

9D

12 D

15 D

Trek Comparison Chart Difficulty

****

****

****

Altitude

5100 m

4150 m

4784 m

Terrain

Category

Region

Day 2 & 4 steep uphill; gently undulating

Wildlife Scenery

Ausangate

Steep inclines/ declines

Steep inclines/ declines Steep inclines/ declines; Day 6-8 gently undulating

History Adventure Scenery History Adventure Adrenaline Scenery

Choquequirao Machu Picchu

Choquequirao Machu Picchu

History Adventure Choquequirao, Vilcabamba Adrenaline Machu Picchu Scenery

****

4600 m

****

4284 m

****

4600 m

Steep inclines/ declines

5235 m

Cross country; Up and down; steep sections (last days)

4850 m

Steep inclines/declines; steps; some gently undulating sections

Choquequirao, History Inca Trail Adventure Salkantay Wildlife Machu Picchu Scenery

Steep inclines/ declines; Day 6-8 gently undulating

History Choquequirao, Adventure Vilcabamba Scenery

****

****

****

4600 m

Day 1-2 Cross country; undulating; long days

History Adventure Scenery

Vilcabamba

History Adventure Scenery

Choquequirao, Vilcabamba Machu Picchu

Adventure Scenery

Ausangate

Page 27

GERCETUR Certificate of Registration in the Directorio Nacional de Prestadores de Servicios Turísticos Calificados

We are an adventure trekking agency that practices sustainable and ethical travel.

We take you to places no one else goes !

Address : Urb. Mariscal Gamarra A-7, 2da Etapa, Cusco, Peru

www.apus-peru.com