Terry Tianyu Guo_Architecture Portfolio_2009-2017

[BURNISH] PORTFOLIO TIANYU GUO - 2009-2017 -

MArch Architectural Design, 2016-2017 The Bartlett School of Architecture|UCL

2

Contents White Swan and Black Swan

06

Narrative Jewelry Design & Digital Fabrication

TransFoam

16

Lost Foam Casting Metal Architecture Structure

Two Boundaries

48

Form of Calligraphy & Space of Character

Cutting for Creation

54

Daegu Gosan Public Library

Floating Vertical Farming

66

Vertical Farming System in Beijing 2050

Superposed City

76

Research & Conservation Urban Design of Beijing Shicha Lake Area

Lost in SOHO

90

Attention Dynamics: Attraction & Disttraction

Supplements

100

Fabrications, Other Works and Practice Projects

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

3

White Swan and Black Swan Narrative Jewelry Design & Digital Fabrication Project Type: Individual Study Date: Sept. 2016 - Oct. 2016, 4 weeks Tutor: Igor Pantic

'Swan Lake' is a classical ballet opera, which was wrote

by PeterTchaikovsky in 1876. White Swan and Black Swan represent justice and evil in this opera respectively.

In the movie of 'Black Swan', which was directed by Darren Aronofsky in 2010, Natalie Portman acted a ballet dancer with split personality, and she played both Black Swan and White Swan in this filem.

This project tried to design a jewelry collection which is based on movie narrative and the feature of role.

Through the abstraction of the characteristic of role as geometry prototype, i explored the potential relationship between black swan and white swan.

4

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

5

'Swan Lake' and 'Black Swan' 'Swan Lake' is a classical ballet opera, which was wrote by PeterTchaikovsky in 1876. White Swan and Black Swan represent justice and evil in this opera respectively.

In the movie of 'Black Swan', which was directed by Darren Aronofsky in 2010, Natalie Portman acted a ballet dancer with split personality, and she played both Black Swan and White Swan in this filem.

White Swan & Black Swan

White Swan in the Movie

Black Swan in the Movie

Narrative Jewelry Design The design of this jewelry collection maybe can indicate the narration relathionship between white swan and black swan.

According to the analysis of roles' charatristic, different form languages can be applied, so as to reveal the comparison between black and white, justice and evil.

This relathionship can be felt by the wearers through the different colors and materials.

Narrate

Movie of ‘Black Swan’ Opera of ‘Swan Lack’

Characteristic of roles

Form Language of jewelry

Black Swan

Classical ballet opera Understandable story

Story

Inconsistent roles

Role

Independent, Evil White Swan Goodness, Week

Incisive geometry Black

White

Unlimited

Limited

Through the comparison between the white swan feathers and black swan feathers, it reveals the differences in scale, colcor and form.

The feather of white swan is smaller and smooth. However, the feather of black swan has a larger scale and sharper form.

Therefore, two form languages, smooth clusters and sharp brunches, as prototypes, can be applied, and the final shape of ring design is the topology transportation of prototypes.

6

Ring

Flowing geometry

Two Prototypes

Feathers of Adult Tundra White Swan

Jewelry Collection of ‘White & Black Swan’

Feathers of Adult Trumpeter Black Swan

Movie

Geometry Evolution

White Swan

Geometry Evolution of Black Swan

Black Swan

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

7

Similarity and Unification

White Swan

Black Swan

8

Ring of White Swan

Ring of Black Swan Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

9

10

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

11

Finally, two rings were printed out by 3D printer in 1:1 scale, wiht perfect smooth surface and accurate details. Further more, two prototypes can be applied on the design of mask so as to complete the whole collection.

12

Further Develiopment of Mask Design

Mask Design of White Swan

Mask Design of Black Swan

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

13

TransFoam Lost Foam Casting Metal Architecture Structure Project Type: Master Graduation Design Date: Sept. 2016 - Sept. 2017, 1 year Tutor: Daniel Widrig, Guan Lee, Stefan Bassing, Adam Holloway, Igor Pantic, Soomeen Hahm Partner: Luhan Yu, Yixuan Wang Award: Distinction

Lost foam casting employs polystyrene as the pattern material, and has been used for architecture construction industries extensively in the past.

However, when it comes to being a pattern material, polystyrene is restricted with regards to geometry development. Using a series of comparison experiments for the numerous types of foam, it was found that a type of soft and elastic foam tube, which was able to be cut and deformed exibly, had suitable physical characteristics for lost foam casting, which is a low-tech and popular fabrication method with a simple process and high production ef ciency. On the other hand, recyclable aluminum was the pouring metal material used, due to its high availability and low price.

Following this, based on the material behavior, the possible language of foam tube was explored. By cutting, deformation and different variations, foam tube is able to be developed for a number of organic geometries.

Besides, due to foam tube’s characteristics, it is able to

14

be morphed into a number of ranges and angles, and this is useful when it comes to building a joint system, joined with other types of pipe material, and subsequently architecture design.

Simultaneously, the outcomes of Topology Optimization generation were used to control the geometry design during the conceptual design step of large scale complex structures, with sound structural rationality as well as aesthetic. By introducing the design methodology of TransFoam group’s project, this project emphasizes the rethinking of the relationship between joints, complex structure and architecture from the view of joints, and advocates architects to extend the boundary of architecture continuously.

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

15

Context Currently, most shapes can be quickly manufactured by digital fabrication technique, but there are still certain issues related to the cost of construction, restricted material selection and large scale limitation. Furthermore, completely automated fabrication sys- tems usually require designed to pursue linear production methods, with limited exibility or opportunities to use their initiative.

On the other hand, in the context of wide-scale construction, the monotonous architecture design styles have become an unescapable phenomenon. Architecture is a part of physical environment, and architecture is also composed by complex structure and several joints simultaneously. Therefore, as architects, we should rethink the relationship between joints, complex structures and architecture integrated, so as to expand the diversity of physical environment.

Digital Fabrication The fabrication of complex structures by robotic 3D printing.

Wide-scale Construction View of Hong Kong from Lion Rock, Mark Leong, 2013.

Orders The illustration of the Five Architectural Orders in EncyclopĂŠdie, 1751.

Casting Joint Gerberette joints and façade system of the Centre Pompidou, Paris, 1977

Cast aluminium with lost foam casting technique. Here, polyethylene insulation foam tubes are used for pattern-making. These foam tubes are easily cut, twisted, folded inside-out, bent and joined to form unique architectural components. Multiple tubes can be joined together to create nodes with branches at specific angles. This can be achieved using digitally fabricated frameworks as guides for various branching tubes. This fabrication method is cost-effective and aluminium itself is lightweight and recyclable.

Material Experiment Polyethylene insulation foam tube was tested, with the shape test, showing that foam tube is soft and can be hand-shaped, motivating the researcher to conduct bend, twist, fold and rotate tests.

Bend [Sample A] D=30mm Plasticity Flammability

[Sample B] D=30mm Plasticity Flammability

Bend [Sample C] D=20mm Plasticity Flammability

16

Twist

Rotate

Foam Tube Craft Cutter, tie and foam glue can be used in the hand craft of foam tube. Foam tube can be crafted into numerous different shapes by hand following the sequence of cutting, gluing and rotation, and because of its softness, it can be bent or rotated. More complex geometry with multiple subdivisions can be developed through extra cutting times. The more subdivisions we created, the more details and more complex geometry we had. Besides, because the foam tube is hollow, comparing with other kinds of foam, it has more assembly potential with any other straight pipes.

[Two Subdivisions]

[Four Subdivisions] Foam

Cutter

Tie

Glue

[Six Subdivisions]

a

b

a. Cut foam tube b. Daub glue on tube c

Hand Craft Sequence

d

c. Wait for drying d. Fold inside-out Cut

Twist

Glue

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

17

Lost Foam Casting Following the research about pattern material and mold material, the TransFoam group begin designing an entire workflow of casting fabrication.

This process can be divided into four stages: foam pattern crafting; setting; pouring and collection.

Firstly, the foam tube requires fabrication according to the designed geometry, being immobilised into the framework in order to maintain the entire geometry and connected parts in a precise position. Secondly, a completed foam pattern with framework required setting into a sand container that was full of kiln dry sand. The foam pattern is complete covering with sand is a crucial aspect of an effective casting process. Thirdly, liquid aluminium must be directly poured into the foam pattern. Liquid aluminium requires pouring under uniform velocity and continuously, otherwise cracks will appear in the final cast. Lastly, the final cast should be collected following cooling.

Pouring Chunk Framework Container Foam Tube Pattern Flow Direction Sand

a. Make foam pattern

b. Make framework

c. Set pattern into framework

d. Set box into sand

e. Set pouring chunk

f. Pour liquid metal

g.Collect cast

h. Cooling

i.Polish

Section of Casting Setting

Workflow of Lost Foam Casting

Casting Result The foam pattern should have been completely exchanged for the liquid aluminium, thus realising the transition from the soft foam to the solid aluminium.

In the initial experiment, different pattern materials indicated different results. The final cast of white foam tube was failed, and aluminum stopped in the middle of foam pattern. However, the cast of grey one was successful.

Following collection of the final casting from the sand container, it may be polished to achieve a shiny fnish.

White Foam Tube Pattern

18

White Foam Tube Cast - Failed

Grey Foam Tube Pattern

Grey Foam Tube Cast - Successful

Framework Prototype Mindful of the further assembly potential including other components, the pattern should be cast not only with moments but also in an accurate positon. A framework was designed and cut by laser cutter machine, with various holes, with the end area of the foam tube able to be plugged into the corresponding hole, in order to maintain a correct position when covered with sand. Additionally, one boundary box comprised of six wooden surfaces and four supporting beams. In accordance with this low-technology and convenient technique, it will be straightforward for anyone to cast any geometry that they require.

Support Beams

Frameworks

Bottom Surface

Framework Components

Side Surfaces

Plug in Wood Stick

Side Surfaces

Foam Pattern Setting

Plug Foam Tube

Top Surface

Final Cast

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

19

Design Language Following the successful casting experiment, TransFoam group investigated the material behaviour of foam tube. In ‘On Growth and Form’, Thompson proposed that the evolution of species formation is a manner of natural dynamic growth, with the new species formed having similar biological characteristics with the original. The material behaviour of foam tube is comparable to Thompson’s theory, meaning that foam tube can produce natural deformations based on the original status, following a series of hand craft sequences.

This research originated with an assessment of a single foam tube, which was dissected through the central section in order to permit the bottom section to be rotated and inserted into the central cut. Following these craft sequences, the foam tube became slanted at a specific angle that differed from the original. Meanwhile, a more crucial factor was that with the different lengths that were cut, different ranges from the natural slant foam tubes were seen, without any additional manual deformation. Moreover, if the foam tube is cut additional times, this form of influencing relationship between the cutting length and deformation ranges still exists. Consequently, the foam tube can produce more complex geometries with various subdivisions.

Based on the existing literature into material behaviour, TransFoam group built on the advantages posed by the innovative geometry in order to produce a joint system, comprising of four categories: Unidirection; Surface; Branching and Multiple Directions.

20

Unidirection

Surface

Branching

Multiple Directions

Joint System Aggregation

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

21

Unidirection The design of joint system was started from a single one foam tube.

TransFoam team cut it through in the middle area, and plugged the bottom part into the middle gap, so as to generate the organic geometry.

Plug

Rotate

Pull

30°

25°

20°

15°

10°

The feature of Unidirection is that the foam tube connects one point to another. Because of the different lengths of cutting path, the geometry of foam tube has different moments of natural slanted or curved shape, which was topology deformation with different angles.

Hand Craft Sequence

Two Subdivisions and Single Rotation

22

Relationship of Cut-Angle

Two Subdivisions and Twice Rotation

Four Subdivisions and Twice Rotation

5°

Transition TransFoam team used the components of unidirection category and plugged them together so as to build a column in large scale, which has a transition status because of the topology deformation of angels of this node type. This column grows from the straight element at the bottom, and then separates in to transition parallel branches at top.

Components

Angle

Transition

Transition Sequence

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

23

Branching TransFoam group initiated the building of the relationship between two or more tubes. This was begun due to the strong impracticality of building an intricate architectural structure with the joints using just a single direction. Consequently, as a means of attaining the geometry that can branch from one point to multiple points, the researchers cut multiple individual tubes in the bottom section and amalgamated them.

Plug

Rotate

Pull

Hand Craft Sequence

Two Subdivisions

24

Four Subdivisions

0°

5°

Relationship of Cut-Angle

Six Subdivisions

Final Cast of Surface Joint

10°

15°

20°

25°

Spiral Stair TransFoam team take advantage of surface joint and other material to design a spiral stair. The single step is composited by two surface joints, which are merged together. Each single step can be connected to the vertical axis, which could be produced by CNC machine. This case indicates the multiple utilization of metal joints and other kinds of material, and multiple fabrication methods.

Prototype

Assembly

Fabrication methods

Top View of Spiral Stair

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

25

Branching TransFoam group initiated the building of the relationship between two or more tubes. This was begun due to the strong impracticality of building an intricate architectural structure with the joints using just a single direction. Consequently, as a means of attaining the geometry that can branch from one point to multiple points, the researchers cut multiple individual tubes in the bottom section and amalgamated them.

Plug

Rotate

Hand Craft Sequence

Two Branchings

26

Three Branchings

Pull

10°

30°

50°

Relationship of Cut-Angle

Final Cast of Two Branchings Joint

70°

90°

Cantilever By connecting the separate branching nodes, we have got single beams in different size. Then we could continuous connect these single beams by regularly decreasing the quantity, in order to generated more complex architecture structures. By this analogy, this structure could be applied to large scale architecture construction.

Based on the dual character of Chinese bracket arch (Dougong), the framework and decoration have a big impact on the prototype. Our rotate language has been combined into inter-cross setting structure with inverted triangle form. On the basis of the prototype, complicated cantilever structure could be assembled from four vertical directions.

Components

Base

Prototype of Cantilever Structure

Prototype

Duplication

Top

Assembly of Straight Beam

Assembly Cantilever Structure

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

27

Multiple Directions After the foam tubes were branched from one to multiple, TransFoam group continued to design the joint that could extend out multiple directions in a three-dimensional space. For example, the researchers prepared two foam tubes with a half cutting from the top to the middle, then glued them together. Following rotation, the aggregation possessed four directions, which could also be bent into different angles.

Plug

Rotate

Pull

10°

30°

Furthermore, through a similar crafting method, a joint with three and six directions could be manufactured.

Hand Craft Sequence

Four Directions

28

Six Directions

Relationship of Cut-Angle

Final Cast of Four Directions Joint

50°

70°

90°

Dome TransFoam team generated a transition grid based on the initial regular grid, then bend the grid from the three corners of the tessellation, and then it can get a functional dome. More complex dome structures could be generated by using more complicated bend methods.

Components and Connection

Deformation of Network

Orinigal Grid

Changing Density

The First Time Bend

The Second Time Bend

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

29

Node Chair After a series of exploration, TransFoam team designed a chair just has the single deign element and could save more than a half of its aluminium. The original “Node Chair� comes from a simple straight outline sketch, then we replace the turning places by nodes which can connect multiple direction and load forces, on the other hand, the straight parts replaced by wood sticks in order to reduce the use of metal.

The node chair made of six separate aluminum parts and connected by ten wood sticks. After foam tube cutting and foam pattern making, all of the foam pattern should be set into certain boxes so that we could make sure the position is accurate, ensure a seamless connection for the final product.

Line Diagram

Foam Tube Patterns for Casting

30

Geometory

Three Directions Joint

Back

Four Directions Joint

Front Corner

Four Directions Joint

Back Corner

Frameworks Design and Chair Assembly

Connection in Different Directions

Interior Space of Node

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

31

Prototype Chair After the design of Node Chair, TransFoam team tried to design the prototype chair which utilized all kinds of joints comprehensive. The pattern of prototype chair generates from triangular prism frame, and we the cross points were connected in the frame so as to produce the line structure of the chair.

Form Finding

Line Pattern

32

Geometry

Prototype Chair The legs of prototype chair grew from unidirection components which were pure straight elements, changing directions and generating surfaces in the seat area which was a wood piece, then grew into back area with highly density surfaces, and the multiple directions components are used in armrest and support part.

Back

Branching Joint * 1

Sueface Joint * 2

Support

Armrest

Armrest

Straight Tube * 2

Seat [Wood]

Wood Seat * 1

Legs

Four Direction Joint * 3

Four Direction Joint * 3

Assembly of Chair

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

33

Node Table After chairs design, TransFoam team started to design table so as to indicate the property of material. Because aluminium is strong enough, the assembly of joints can carry very heavy load. Therefore, the structure of Node Table is simple and optimized based on the structural diagram.

a

b

c

d

Optimization of Table Stracture

Frameworks System of Node Table

Frameworks Aggregation of Node Table

34

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

35

Prototype Table After the success of chair and table prototypes, the TransFoam team tried to use different multidirectional components to create horizontal structure table.

The table was constructed by 13 components and 7 straight elements. The TransFoam team managed to use the most efficient structure to build a table with both functional and ornament.

Assembly of Table

Polishment of Table in the Workshop

36

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

37

38

Three Exhibits of TransFoam Team in B-Pro Show 2017 Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

39

Architecture Space Prototype The new architectural space prototype has been generated by combining our specific joint system, which included five initial elements: column, beam, faรงade, slab and corner. We did space design through using these prototype.

By applied and connected these joints with straight elements, large scale architecture space could be generated and implement.

Column

Truss

Assembly of Architecture Space Prototype

40

Slab

Column

Facade

Connection of Truss with Different Elements

Connection of Truss with Different Elements

Column

Truss

Truss

Connect with truss D=60mm

Slab

Connect with truss D=60mm

Facade

Connect with truss D=60mm

Tails and Slab System

Flat Structure and Transition Structure

Slab

Facade

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

41

Architecture Proposal Finally, TransFoam team took advantege of all kinds of joints and current structure prototypes to design architectural scenario which has a villa function. Farnsworth House can be a initial reference, and the site will be same as Farnsworth House, which is in the Illinois, US. This villa design started from two simple masses with different scales, then two masses were divided into three parts for different functions. After the function organization, there was the deformation in in the overlapping area so as to deform the main entrance and routes. This case indicates the power of low-tech lost foam casting technique, and the application potential in the architecture of joints system.

Masses

Geometry Generation

The United States

Illinois

The Farnsworth House by Mies van der Rohe, 1954

Site Location 42

Space Assembly

Functions

Deformation

Entrance & Route

Front View Perspective

Back View Perspective Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

43

44

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

45

Two Boundaries Form of Calligraphy & Space of Character Project Type: Individual Design Date: Jun. 2010 - Jul. 2010, 4 weeks Tutor: Prof. Mingshuai Pan

Chinese calligraphy is a kind of visual art based on the writing of Chinese characters. Chinese character is one of the basic elements of traditional Chinese culture. The Chinese calligraphy is thusly developed from the culture and has become an inseparable part of it.

This project uses the form of Chinese calligraphy as the research background and foundational model, choosing two typical boundaries as the concept of wall in architecture and tries to design the "Shallow space" on the wall. This project discusses the connection between space and calligraphy and is aimed at pursuing the high degree of uniformity between the form of architectural space and the implication of Chinese calligraphy.

By doing so, the consciousness of structure in design can be strengthened in the light of the culture background, and the logic language of design and the Chinese cultural property can be kept sustained correlated.

46

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

47

Application of Calligraphy

Calligraphy & Space

The written language is the most direct way for one to express himself. So, calligraphy, which has the function of conveying emotions, is not only of great artistic value, but is also widely used in various art fields.

Seal cutting is the combination of space and calligraphy. The "Positive relief" and "Intaglio" in seal cutting correspond to the "Entity" and "Empty" in space.

Title section [ 题款 ] Title section of "Mount Hua Yunvfeng" [ 华山玉女峰 ], by Chang Dai Chien

The title section which is written on the blank area in Chinese painting can reflect the conception of the painting as well as balancing the whole composition.

At the same time, a seal can be understood as a "Shallow space" for people to wander or to stop in the condition of changing the scale.

Plaque [ 匾额 ] Plaque of Tongrentang [ 同仁堂 ],

by Gong Qi

Plaque is the eye of ancient Chinese architecture. By inviting cultural celebrities to write the plaque, building owners can show their cultural cultivation and their life pursuit.

Positive relief [阳刻] Entity

Fan surface [ 扇面 ]

Ancient Chinese celebrities usually hold a fan in the hand and express their feelings by writing and drawing on the surface of the fan.

Calligraphy on the surface of fan, "Ning Jing Zhi Yuan" [ 宁 静 致 远 ],

by Shugeng Wang

Intaglio [阴刻] Space

Many actions of swordsmanship have a lot in common with the brushwork of calligraphy, because of this, Chinese swordsmen usually understand the swordsmanship by calligraphy.

Swordsmanship [ 剑术 ] Comprehend the swordsmanship through the calligraphy in "Hero" [ 英雄 ], directed by Yimou Zhang

Chinese Calligraphy System "Stroke" is the basic prototype of calligraphy. The evolution from "Stroke" to "Article" is the process of intricating the combination of different kinds of prototypes.

Prototype has its basic implication.

The superposition and combination of different prototypes can make their implications richer in the process of morphological growth.

Therefore, the research of calligraphy form and character space should start with the prototype of stroke, exploring the commonality between the "Shallow space" and "Calligraphy prototype".

Here I will choose two kinds of typical strokes as the prototypes: [ 半 ] & [ 褶 ], and will analyse their form and implication.

48

“The Analects of Confucius” Walk

Walk far away [Zouzhi Pang]

[Yuan]

Honorific title to others

Mouth [Kouzi Pang]

[Jun]

Believe someone's word

People [Danren Pang]

Stroke

[Xin]

Character

[论语·学而]

Distant place

远 方

[Yuan Fang]

A noble character man

君 子

Word

子曰：“学而时习之，不亦说乎？有朋 自远方来，不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠， 不亦君子乎？”

有子曰：“其为人也孝悌而好犯上者，鲜矣。不好 犯上而好作乱者，未之有也。君子务本，本立而道 生。孝悌也者，其为仁之本与？” 子曰：“巧言令色，鲜矣仁。” 曾子曰：“吾日三省乎吾身。为人谋而不忠乎？与朋 友交而不信乎？传不习乎？”

[Jun Zi]

子曰：“道千乘之国，敬事而信，节用而爱人，使民 以时。”

Sentence B

Responsible & faithful

忠 信

子曰：“学而时习之，不亦悦乎？有朋自远方来， 不亦乐乎？人不知而不愠，不亦君子乎？”

Sentence A

子曰：“君子不重，则不威，学则不固 。主忠信，无友不如已者，过则勿惮改 。”

[Zhong Xin]

子曰：“弟子入则孝，出则悌，谨而信，泛爱众而亲 仁，行有余力，则以学文。” 子夏曰：“贤贤易色，事父母，能竭其力。事君，能 致其身。与朋友交，言而有信。虽曰未学，吾必谓 之学矣。” 子曰：“君子不重则不威，学则不固。主忠信，无友 不如己者，过则勿惮改。”

Sentence

Article

Prototypes [ 半 ] has the meaning of "Divide". Crossed wall is a coordination that shows the direction and location of an object, and it creates a basic frame of reference.

Crossed dividing builds a kind of space region, which seems to be homogenetic but has, in fact, subtle differences.

This simple way of dividing contains many relationships behind: centre-edge, cornersquare, leftside-rightside.

Ban [Divide]

半

Wall of "Divide" [ 半 ]

The De Stijl's painting, which is painted by Mondrian, divides different colors by crossed lines so that make it symbolizes the balance and power of nature.

Painting of De Stijl

[ 褶 ], meaning of "Fold", the wall of which can be understood as an indefinite space which is formed through the slight fluctuation of the surface.

The Irregular concave-convex and fold make the connection between 2D world and 3D world more indefinite: deepshallow, thin-thick, outsideinside, leftside-rightside. At the same time, indefinite space will guide human beings' unpredictable behaviours.

Zhe [Fold]

褶

Wall of "Fold" [ 褶 ]

Fold on the paper is a kind of natural texture. The folds on on the surface of a folding paper appear as a succession of "Shallow spaces".

Fold on the paper

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

49

Ban [Divide]

ĺ?Š Space of "Divide" [ ĺ?Š ]

Human figures on the surface

Space of [ ĺ?Š ] relies on the wall. The property of the wall has not changed while the thickness of wall is given a middle state of space.

An intricate and linear space for wandering wind leaktight with the wall, and it leaves many different sizes of attachment space and hole space on the surface of the wall.

Wandering space

Based on the coordinate of crossed wall, the people wandering in the space have many states: sometimes in the east, sometimes in the west, sometimes in the south and sometimes in the north.

People can walk up and down in the attachment space along the wall or appear and disappear in the hole space on the surface of wall, even to pass through the wall of middle state.

Attachment & Crossing space 50

Wandering inside the wall

Attachment & Hole

Zhe [Fold]

褶 Space of "Fold" [ 褶 ]

Plans of each floor

Space of [ 褶 ] brings a kind of elimination and deconstruction of the space's classical definition.

There is no absolute direction of the folding wall, it is only the interaction between human body and the wall that can reveal a certain identification: leftside of wall or right side of wall.

Concave-convex & Fold

The inhomogeneity of folding wall triggers the inhomogeneity of behaviour and time.

The design of folding space is based on this property and uses various forms of small spaces to excavate or fill the folding wall. In this folding space, people will have confusion about many basic elements: time, direction and route.

Walking through the wall

Stay in the wall

Concave-convex & Fold Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

51

Cutting for Creation Daegu Gosan Public Library Project Type: Individual Competition Date: Aug. 2012 - Sept. 2012, 6 weeks Tutor: Lec. Peijun An & Lec. Rui Yang Site: Daegu, South Korea Competition: UIA Approved International Architectural Ideas Competition

In recent years, because of the change of social and cultural environments and the update of knowledge transmission systems in libraries, the discussions on the architectural diversity of public libraries is becoming a hotspot in Korea and in the international community.

The site is located in a particular place which is an overlapping area with different urban textures. The challenge is how to create a rational interaction between libraries and surrounding buildings with different characteristics, and how to provide a comfortable & attractive public space for ocal communities.

The solution is to cut the site along a line and rotate a part of massing moderately. According to this operation of massing, a new gaped space will be created.

This space plays a significant role in the fields of city, function, space, sight, traffic and ecology.

52

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

53

Site Analysis The site is located in Daegu, Korea.

The block of low-rise buildings are in the south and west of the site. In the east, a church is outstanding from the many commercial buildings with different shapes and characteristics.

In the north of the site lie a green area and a bus station. The green area, church and bus station become three vital factors. The interaction of these three factors created two axes which have a trend from northwest to southeast.

Korea¡ Daegu Apartment

Green area Commercial area

Site location & Context

Through the analysis of urban structure around the site, the trend of main crowd's axis and open space's axis decide the cut position from northwest to southeast.

The site is cut by a straight line from northwest to southeast and the north part is turned clockwise a little to fit the shape of the site. After these operations, there is an interaction between gapped space and the three factors.

Axis of open space Church

Influence factors & Two axises

Evolution

Traditional reading space

The space design of library has a transformation from traditional reading space to modern diverse public space. The main function of traditional library is the book store. There is an explicit boundary between "to storage" and "to use".

In the new background of multiplex development and need, the design of modern library hopes to make this boundary more indeterminate and to create an interaction between them.

Under the affect of three factors around the site, a five layers' centralized massing satisfing the demand of area is created.

Site

Bus station

Site

Research Background

Cutting Operation

Green area Bus station Axis of big crowds

History Book reading & borrowing Store

Social education Book store

Gr

ee

Use

Change

Need

Located in community area

Need of eco-environment

An aging society seriously

Need of spirit level

More time on activities

Open reading space

Desire for self-improvement

Digital information

rea

Store

Use

Bus

Gr

ee

Bus

na

Diversified public space

na

rea

Cut Site

Churc

Churc

h

3 influential factors

h

Mass

Cut & Rotate

Gap space & 3 factors

New integrated space

Mass

Hide & Cut

Gap & Connection

In the city view, gapped space is the path from bus station to the site; at the same time, it is the line of sight traverse from green area to church.

Gapped space, green area and church's square form a new kind of continuous urban space can motivate the activity of community.

54

In the objective world, there are many objects' sections that have the different texture from the skin after cutting, but the new texture of section still has a strong relationship with the original object.

Texture of skin

The concept of gapped space's design is inspired from the phenomena, and the design of whole building is based on this new system.

Texture of core

New texture after cutting

Cutting position

Different textures

"Water-Glass" system

Life long stud y

Read ing sp ace

Entrance & Public space

Two function spaces

Traffic system

Generation of Geometry According to the objective phenomenon of objects' section have the different texture from the skin after cutting, making two surfaces of section and the ground surface are covered by glass and water, and letting the gapped space become a new "Water-Glass" translucent system. The translucent boundary can create a communication between the outside and inside of the building.

New translucent space system provides the sunken entrance of building, and makes the underground space the public hall of library; The whole massing is divided into two parts as two main functional zones by gapped space; The vertical transport is used in the inside of two zones, and the air gallery and underground space are used to join the two parts of zones.

Site Plan

0 3

10

20m

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

55

Physical Model of New Library and Urban Space

56

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

57

Check in/out

Preservation room

Main hall

Preservation room

Exhibition

-6.000

Reading space -3.000 Lounge

-3.000

Cafe VIP

Kitchen

Machine room

Storage

Multi

purp

Basement Level

0

1

3

Lower Ground Level

6m

Office 3.600

0

1

3

Meeting room

Director office

5.400

7.200

Reading space

Reading space

0.000

6.000

Reading space

ose ro

6m

Reading space

3.000

7.200

3.000

1.500

Children reading room 6.000

Digita

l room

First Floor Level 58

0

1

3

6m

Second Floor Level

0

1

3

6m

om

-0.150 Store

tra nc e -1.800

0.000

Passage

En

Reading space

Children reading Meeting room

2nd Floor

Director office

0.

00 0

Reading space

Reading room

Pool

Reading space -3.000

-0.150 A

En

tra nc

e

A

Reading room

VIP

-0.150

Class room Toilet

Multipurpose room

Upper Ground Level

1st Floor

Office room

Reading circulation 0

1

3

6m

Reading room Multipurpose room Toilet

Ground Floor

VIP room Education circulation

Working circulation

Mixing circulation

Reading room Multipurpose room Toilet

B1 Floor

VIP room

Check in/out Cafe bar Lounge space Service room

B2 Floor

Preservation room Toilet

0

2

Private

6

12m Public

Analysis of Circulation Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

59

Light atrium of reading space Reading space Light atrium of main entrance

Life long study

A The south part is used as reading space and the north part is used as life long study.

The two parts are being connected by basement. The main entrance leads people into basement directly. Turning to south, people would reach check in/out area and data area, while turning to north, people would get into multifunctional room and several classrooms. Cafe and exhibition room are placed at the joint area so that people from both two parts of the building could have access to these facilities.

Section A-A 60

0 0.5

1.5

3m

A

Space Sequence of Entrance

Location

Baptism is a traditional Christian ceremony which drips water on people's forehead or immerses people's body in water. The ceremony of baptism has the underlying meaning of purifying the soul.

The design of entrance's space sequence bring people an experience, just like a baptized person. In the "Water-Glass" translucent system, the whole surface of ground is covered by the water except the necessary passage. People will experience the whole process above the water, across the water and under the water like a ceremony of baptism when they enter the building from the entrance on the ground.

Water pool

[A] Above the water

"Water-Glass" translucent system can not only let sunshine leak into the basement but also produce fantastic image to both the people on the bridge and those in the basement. The people would feel like a fish swimming beneath the water.

[B] Across the water

[C] Under the water

Path Route Path

A

Water pool

B C

Entrance Water pool Path Handrail

"Battesimo di Cristo"

By Piero della Francesca

Sunlight Effect of Entrance

Mar.

03

10:00 AM 10

Month: March Time: 10:00 AM

Jun.

12:00 AM

06

12

Month: June Time: 12:00 AM

12 09

Sept.

11:00 AM 11

Month: September Time: 11:00 AM

Dec.

13:00 PM 13

Month: June Time: 12:00 AM Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

61

Viewfinder Space

The view of church

People can have a panoramic view in the outside, but human eye can't screen and clip the scenery. So the panoramic view is a kind of original view without any artistic process.

Window as the viewing frame, architecture like the window plays an important role of intermediary between people and scenery. The different windows in the building come into being a series of artistic processed scenery.

Viewing frame can be extended to a viewfinder space, in which people can move. People and scenery have a dynamic interactive relationship with each other, and the viewfinder space can create an effect of difference scenery appears with each step.

The view of green area

h

G

re

en

ar e

a

Churc

62

"Water-Glass" translucent system is a viewfinder space. The gap space in the north finds a view from green area, and in the south one finds a view from church. The surface of glass and water reflect the daylight and shadow of the trees.

The Disappearance of Architecture The library is located in the green area of the city.

In order to protect the typical space quality of the green area, the surface around the building is designed as the white walls. Mottled shadows of the trees which are mapped on the library’s white walls change with the seasons and time go round and begin again, and the library like a blurred object with shadows floats in the forest. The translucency surface in the "Water-Glass" translucent system reveals the composition of space and the behavior of people.

Both the white wall and the translucency surface can shorten the distance maximum between books and trees. In this way, not only the boundary between public space and building can be made vaguer, but also the feeling of building’s existence can be weakened. This is an open sea of books belongs to the city, and the building will disappear in the surrounding environment.

Different layers in reading space

Life long study space

Light atrium of reading space

Main entrance Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

63

Floating Vertical Farming Vertical Farming System in Beijing 2050 Project Type: Collaborative Competition Date: Nov. 2013 - Dec. 2013, 8 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang Tutor: Prof. Deqing Bu & Prof. Xiaobin Wang Site: Beijing, China Competition: 2013 Vertical Farming International College Architectural Design Competition, Encouragement Award

The concept of vertical farming comes from Prof.

Dickson Despommier from Columbia University. He advocated that the farmland should develop from flat field to multistory building so that the shortage of food in density-populated cities can be solved in this way.

In the research background of Beijing 2050, we base on the theoretical framework of vertical farming, combining with the trend of development, regarding the city water system as the carrier, using the floating island as the intermediary between the vertical farming and the city water system to build a system of floating farming applies to the city in the future.

The floating farming system has positive senses to the city at all levels: floating farming realizes energy selfsufficiently, and the production environment can’t be constrained; the ecological circulation which is created in each variety can reduce the energy consumption; combination between cultivation and experience makes the combination of function more reasonable; floating island transports the produce in the water system, and it can’t be influenced by the land traffic; the connection between islands can provide the divers kinds of open spaces for the water system, and purify the pollution of water system.

64

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

65

Urbanization/Population

Urbanization in Beijing In the future, with the rapid evolution of urbanization in Beijing, more and more people will flood into the city.

The production space of traditional farming will be compressed gradually, and the shortage of food in highdensity city will be highlighted.

56.5%

1970

y

10.9million

13.6million

1980

1990

2000

2010

Time

Polluted water in Beijing

y

e

e

lag

Vil

Cit

e

lag

Vil

Beijing 2010 Population 23 millions Arable land 17%

Beijing 1980 Population 9.2 millions Arable land 52%

Vertical farming is implanted along the water system, it has the positive meaning of the city at all levels with the process of activate the water system.

y

Cit

lag

Vil

We regard the floating island as the intermediary to join in the system of vertical farming and city water.

Floating island enriches the diversity of vertical farming; carries the transportation of products; improves the open space by the river; purifies the pollution of river and activates the city water system.

9.0million

19.6million

Development of urbanization & population

Cit

Floating island is designed by the artist Robert Smithson. It is a barge landscaped with earth, rocks, and native trees and shrubs, towed by a tugboat around the island of Manhattan.

70.5%

The city water system which spreads along the 2nd Ring Road has acted as the vital role of defence and transport in the history. With urbanization more and more useless rivers are polluted and disappear.

75.2%

8.7million

We implant the vertical farming in the city, putting the process of cultivation and husbandry in the high-rise building which can emulate the growing environment of the crop. Through the system of the energy's process, vertical farming can realize power energy selfsufficient.

Concept of Floating Island

69.9%

73.7%

Beijing 2050 Population 40 millions Arable land 0%

Present situation of water system

Implantation of vertical farming

Floating island

Vertical farming in Beijing 2050 ?

Presents

Needs

Strategies

Function

The urban function is simple, and the inhabited environment is lack of vitality

Traffic

Thare are large numbers of traffic jams in Beijing, and the city water system has not utilized completely

The lowest cost and the fastest way of product's transport

Floating island can utilize the city water system as the channel of transport

Open Space

High-density city causes the lack of green space, and the utilization of waterspace has not been adequate

Different sizes of riverside spaces activate the negative spaces

A few of floating islands can be combined in a unrestricted way and form into the multiform open space

Combining the agriculture with the commerce and making city more energetic

Both of farming and business functions can be contained in the floating island

Transfer waste building into matrix

Transport islands through matrix

Robert Smithson’ floating island 66

Ecoligy

Polutions of air and water are serious in Beijing, and both of them have not been in control

The possibility of air and water polutions' control

Floating island can purify the water and air through cruising in the water system

City

The history and culture significations of Beijing water system have not been taken seriously

The possibility of city water space's reorganization in Beijing

Floating island can swim in the city water system and make contribut to the Beijing water environment

The disused high-rise buildings in the city can be remoulded into the vertical farming matrix by removing the surface and retaining the basic structure.

Vertical farming is the island's matrix. Island joins in the process of cultivation in the matrix, and swims in the city water system after growth is complete.

Vertical farming matrix: Container for cultivation of floating islands

Single floating island: Carry of crops, animals and aquatics

Path island: Deformable bridge can connect side banks of water

Angle & sell island: Angling platform and seafood market Adopt & sell island: Animal adoption center and meats shop

Pluck & sell island: Plucking experience and crops shop Forest island: Moving green park in city water system

Tennis court island: Outside sport platform on the water

Vert

ical

Farm

ing M

atrix

& Flo

ating

Islan

ds Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

67

+400.0 m

+359.0 m

Water collector

Livestock feeding &

+385.0 m

Rain

Rainwater store

Clay filter

+312.0 m

Livestock feeding& Claim raise

Purification +333.0 m

Transportation Distribution

+270.0 m

+249.0 m

People transportation

Island transportation

Grain crops & Farming experience

+291.0 m

Gray water store

Purified water of river

The rainwater collected by the hydrops on the roof flows through the water purifying system. After purification, the clean rainwater and the purified water of river meet in the gray water store.

Gray water can be used for the irrigation of cultivation area and the drinking of husbandry area.

Pump

Gray water circulation system

+228.0 m

+207.0 m

Hot air rises

+186.0 m

+144.0 m

Turbine generator

Cash crops & Plucking

+165.0 m

LED

+123.0 m

Fresh air

+102.0 m

Cold air intake CO2 SO2

Skeleton

Skin

Winds from river

Aquiculture & Fishing

+81.0 m

+60.0 m

The difference of hot-press between two sides of building engenders the chimney effect, and it can be used to generate electricity.

Elevator working

The electricity can drive the elevator to transport island, and provide the building a 24h LED lighting without the influence of season. At the same time, the noxious gas can be sucked in the building to join in the fresh air circulation of the cultivation area to release O2 .

Chimney effect of power supply

+39.0 m

0.0 m

Section of Vertical Farming 31

0 3

10

20m

68 Island store

Elevator

Waterway for transport

Water system in Beijing

1 +3858F .0 m

Dov

e

Dov

e

1 +3597F .0 m

ken

se

ep

24.0。

She

ep

Gra in cro ps

23.5。

Corn

1 +2070F .0 m

Grain crops

O2

eat

1 +2281F .0 m

Corn

ana

e

Rap

e

Tom

ato

23.0。

ot

20.0。

19.0。

m 18.5。

17.0。

rry

Cuc

umb

er

Pota

to

Fish

Sca

llop

Aqu acul ture

Increase of yield

m

wbe

Cash crops

22.0。

Stra

Stra wbe rry

Fodder

+1025F .0 m

ot

Cas h cro ps

T.F

160

0kg

120

600

kg

0kg

0kg

kg

180

700

0kg

kg

0kg

kg

Due to the influence of chimney effect, the trend of temperature in matrix is cold under hot.

The ar r angement of cultivation type in each floor is based on the temperature of growth need and the food chains between plants and animals. They can take advantage of each other and build a ecological circulation system in the matrix.

Vert ical farm Trad ing ition al fa Yield rmin per g mu Perc enta ge of s Perc pec enta ies ge 600 of c 0kg ate gory 8.2% T.F:

0kg

1.4%

Multiunit Functions On the basis of production function in the vertical farming matrix, according to the different variety of cultivation in different floor, we append the experiential function which is suited for the present production function.

V.F

200

V.F

0kg

T.F

800

0kg

V.F

T.F Cuc umb er V.F

250

0kg

800

kg

240

0kg

800

0kg

3.2%

11.0

The experiential function can attract more people enter the matrix and join in the process of production.

%

11.0

%

Increase of Yield

T.F

Pota

to

V.F T.F

Fish

600

0kg

V.F Sca

%

V.F:

2.5%

200

100

Ecological Cycle

20.8

2.2%

6.3%

400

6.8%

9.0%

V.F

V.F

8.2%

2.2%

1.6%

160

700

0kg

0kg

Through the comprehensive use of resources around the building, matrix of vertical farming can realize energy autarky in all fields.

9.9%

T.F

Carr

Carr

22.0。

Ecological circulation system

Trend of temperature change

+1236F .0 m

ato

Fodder

+1447F .0 m

kg

V.F

T.F

Tom

Organic fertilizer

23.5。

Aquaculture

+1658F .0 m

600

0kg

500

200

0kg

600

0kg

T.F

Rap

23.0。

250

V.F

T.F

720

0kg

T.F

T.F ana

Ban

+1869F .0 m

300

V.F Ban

24.0。

2.7%

V.F

V.F

eat

Wh

0kg

kg

V.F

T.F

Rice

Wh 24.5。

200

800

T.F

Rice

1 +2492F .0 m

m

Live sto farm ck ing

She

1 +2703F .0 m

2 +39.0F

O2

le

Livestock

Catt

24.5。

3 +60.0F

se

le

1 +2914F .0 m

T.F V.F T.F

Goo

Catt

24.5。

4 +81.0F

Pou lt farm ry ing

Goo

25.5。

Poultr

26.0。

Fodder

Temperature need

1 +3125F .0 m

ken

Temperature in V.F

1 +3336F .0 m

Chic Chic

Energy Source Vertical farming is located next to the water system, and it makes full use of river resources. Water of river can join in the gray water circulation system and the wind of river can generate the chimney effect.

V.F

llop

T.F V.F

400

100 kg

0kg

200 1.4%

400

0kg

8.2%

500

0kg

19.2

%

kg

0.3% T.F 2 00kg

1.7%

62.3

%

After these series of considerations, the process of production in the vertical farming matrix will implement with natural law in an orderly way.

Compared with traditional farming, the yield of vertical farming will increase exponentially.

Floating farming is able to produce 438,000kg of food and provide enough food for 2190 people per year.

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

69

32

Floating Farming in Beijing CBD

70

Yuyuan Lake

Temple of Heaven

Deshengmen

Shicha Lake

Remove surface and facade structure

Remove minor support structure and elevator

Turn main support into people's transportation

Set floating islands on the frame structure

0

0 30 00

30 00

30 orm

Platf

land

of is

00 42

Universality in Different Scales In urban scale, the form of the vertical farming matrix is unrestricted, it can adapt to the different conditions of the site in the city, different population sizes and entrance positions, and different services scopes.

00

42

In architecture scale, any disused high-rise building can be remoulded into the matrix of vertical farming by removing the other unnecessary structure and retaining the basic frame structure. The floating island can be put on the grid of cross beam.

0

0 42 f old

Fra

o me

ding

buil

On floating island scale, the section size of the triangle coincide with the economic span, it has the wide adaptability to the all kinds of matrices. At the same time, the scale of floating island's platform also coincides with the modulus of construction, it has the wide adaptability to the application of different functions in the life cycle of island.

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

71

Design of Floating Island

There are three functional stages in the life cycle of the floating island.

After entering the matrix, the floating island can be used for production in matrix. After production stage, island can swim in the water system, and the product can be transported to have the experiential sale in all parts of the city. Selling stage completed, the island can still take advantage of the basic environment on the island to develop the subsequent function so that it can provide the multiform waterfront open space for people.

Designable top Enter the matrix

Pisciculture

Planting

Llivestock

Leave the matrix Angle & Sell

Production stage

Pluck & Sell

Adopt & Sell

Swimming pool

Tennis court

Selling stage

Return to the matrix

Theater

Use stage

Life cycle of island

H-beam

Connected position

Framework & Platform

Power room

Ready for connection

Connection complete [a] Polluted water entrance

g

Soil

f

e

[c] Purification room

[f ] Fertilizer room

a

f

e b

g

[g] Fertilizer exit

Ecological capsule

[b] Water intake room

[c] Precipitation room

[c] Precipitation room

[d] Fermentation room

[d] Purification room

[e] Electric power room [f ] Engine room

[e] Drainage room a

[f ] Clean water exit

b

[g] Machinery room

Polluted water flows into the precipitation room from the water intake room. The precipitates can be turned into fertilizer which are provided to the plant on the floating island through the fermentation room.

d c

[a] Polluted water entrance Soil

[b] Water intake room d

[e] Fermentation room b

Connected swimming [a] Polluted water entrance

Soil

[b] Water intake room

[d] Precipitation room

a

The H-beam can conduct the current signal, and make two power rooms in the capsule form a loop so that the motor can drive two floating islands swimming together.

Fermentation composting

c

Biogas power generation

Polluted water flows into the precipitation room from the water intake room. The precipitate can generate the biogas through the fermentation room. The generator can provide the power to the motor by using the biogas.

Polluted water flows into the precipitation room from the water intake room. After precipitation is done, the treated liquid will flow into the purification room and can be discharged into the city water system again.

c d e

f

Waste water purification

Exchange orientation information

ct

lle

Receptio

N-pole

Inf

rar

ed

Cable

Co

S-pole Technical control

Magnetic fixtures 72

Floating island swimming to the stop point, emitting the infrared to locate the location. At the same time, the infrared can activate the power of the electromagnetic fixed installation.

Underground cable provides the electromagnetic fixed installation and releases the magnetic field.

After floating island arrived at the stop point, it will receive the magnetic field and shut down.

Subsequent floating island arrives at the stop point, and connects with other islands to form a group. The group of floating islands can provide a multiform waterfront open space for people.

In re dire ce c pt tly io n

Information transmission

Significance for City The system of floating farming plays an important role in the city. The rapid development of the city induces the water pollution and leaves many abandoned buildings. But the floating farming in the city water system can take advantage of these unfavourable factors to purify and activate the water system.

The purified water system can provide a multiform open space for the city and recall the memory of the water again. At the same time, floating island create a self-circulation system in many fields, so that it can keep the vitality at all times.

City

Memory & Space Water System

Pollution

Waste Depuration building & Vitality Vertical Farming Cultivate V.F matrix

Loaded island

Transport

Sell & Use Water system

Empty island

Life cycle if island

Floating Farming in Beijing Shicha Lake

The shape of water system in Beijing was saved completely, and it had vital function of transport and defend. The water space has high quality.

With the rapid development of Beijing, a part of river had disappeared because of the function's degeneration. But the shape of the water system still retained.

Beijing is overdeveloped, and the shape of the water system is incomplete. The water is polluted seriously because of the lack of use.

Floating farming are implanted around the city water system. Floating islands swim in the water system and promote the regeneration of the water system.

Floating farming activate the city water system completely. As the problem of dearth in high-density cities is solved, historical rivers can reappear.

1800

1949

2014

2035

2050

Ming-Qing Dynasty Beijing

Modern Beijing

Contemporary Beijing

Thirty years later

Thirty-five years later Number of vertical farming

Degree of food shortage Beginning of urban sprawl Integrality of city water system

Implantation of vertical farming

Evolution of Water System in Beijing Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

73

Superposed City Research & Conservation Urban Design of Beijing Shicha Lake Area Project type: Bachelor Graduation Design Date: Mar. 2014 - Jun. 2014, 16 weeks Tutor: Prof. Bo Zhang Site: Beijing, China

The historical district of Beijing Shicha Lake is located in the central axis of old Beijing city, besides the west side of the street, and adjoins to the Shicha Lake area. This region inherits the traditional cultural context, including geography, history, architecture and cultural humanity.

After the studying of the environment, historical changes and urban image of the Shicha Lake historical district, this design tried to reproduce the prosperity of former historical area. Therefore, the methods to achieving the goal of new exploration with the old city renewal are to combine with Chinese old city renewal cases, to ensure the traditional Taoist spirit “Unity of man and nature� as the cultural connotation, and to use the operating data of visualization overlay technique.

74

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

75

d

a b

e Temple of Earth

Site

c

Bell Tower Drum Tower

f

Shicha Lake

[a] Old building

North Lake Temple of Moon Forbidden City

Site of Fu Jen University

Prince Gong's Mansion

Temple of Sun Imperial Ancestral Temple

Fushan Temple

Zhengyang Door

Temple of Heaven

[b] Courtyard

Yongding Door

Huixian Restaurant Muoruo Guo’s Residence

Site Analysis The axis of old Beijing city establishes the unique city order from south to north. Based on the principle of central axis, the city sets the up and down space division and bilateral symmetry of urban space form. The designing location in Beijing is in the segment of Shicha Lake with the north-south axis, which is the core of the most beautiful landscape area in the north central axis.

Shicha Lake Sports School

[c] Hutung

[d] The street

The land scope is a city space design core area enclosed by a T-crossing street formed by “Qianhai north” “Qianhai west street” and “Dingfu street”. It is an important penetrating area and public space node of Shicha Lake and Dianmen west street zone.

[e] Public plaza

The types of urban-space forms are rich in the base scope, including constructions, streets and varied square forms, which reveals the contradiction and complexity of the historic district.

[11]

Chestnut & Melon seed

[09]

Moruo Guo

[04]

[06]

North Lake Park

[01]-[02]Culture of ancient capital

[12]

[01]Sea of tile: The grey tile on the Chinese traditional building roof; [02] Hutong: The main space of daily activities and the memory of old people in Beijing

[03]-[05]Culture of traditional architecture

[05] Shen He

[03]Prince Gong's Mansion: The biggest mansion of monarch in Qing Dynasty; [04]Drum Tower: The highest building in the site area; [05]North Lake Park: Historic imperial garden of China

[06]-[08]Culture of leisure activity [09]-[10]Culture of characteristic commerce [08] Nanguanfang Hutong

[01] Sea of tile

[02]

Rickshaw

[07]

[06]Skating: The most popular sport on the lake; [07]Cruise: A common way to travel on the Shicha Lake; [08]Rickshaw: A common way to travel in the Hutong

[10]

[09]

Bar street Cruise

76

Drum Tower

[03]

Barbershop

Shicha Lake historic district is a mixture of tangible and intangible city. Tangible city refers to city pattern and texture with courtyards and hutongs. Intangible city refers to various historical and cultural values which are inherent in the region.

Tangible city is the skeleton of the intangible city, and intangible city is the soul of the tangible city. Both tangible and intangible elements work together to build a unique urban space and cultural features.

Skating

Prince Gong's Mansion

Tangible & Intangible City

[f] Water area

[09]Chestnut & Melon seed: Famous dry fruits in Beijing; [10]Bar street: New industry of Shicha Lake in recent years

[11]-[12]Culture of celebrities [11]Moruo Guo's former residence: Famous writer in China; [12]Shen He: Famous statesman in Qing Dynasty and The first generation master of Prince Gong

Evolution of Urban Structure

Outer city

Inner city

Imperial city

Imperial city Inner city [ 三里 ] 1.5km

1267

1368

1530

[ 三里 ] 1.5km

[北] North

[ 三里 ] 1.5km [ 三里 ] 1.5km

[ 三里 ] 1.5km

Outer city

[ 三里 ] 1.5km

[西] East

[宫] [Palace]

[东] West

[南] South The diagram in "Zhouli· Kaogongji" [ 周礼考工记 ]

1949

[ 金朝 - 中都 ] Jin Dynasty - Zhongdu

[ 元朝 - 大都 ] Yuan Dynasty - Dadu

[ 明朝 - 北京 ] Ming Dynasty - Beijing

[ 清朝 - 北京 ] Qing Dynasty - Beijing

[ 民国 - 北京 ] Republic of China - Beijing

The water of Shicha Lake was not included in the scope of the capital city of Jin dynasty.

In the capital of Yuan dynasty, Shicha Lake was located in the center of the city, the terminal of water transportation and the transport hub, drove the surrounding area bustling.

In Ming dynasty, the south city wall cut off the upstream water of Shicha Lake, that made the water level decreased and lost its transport function, gradually, it became a scenic spot.

In Qing dynasty, the overall layout didn’t change much, Heshen (a government official) started building an embankment for Shicha Lake, that contribute a lot to the development of palaces and boites which near Shicha Lake.

In Republic period, the west side of the Shicha Lake' embankment was filled, caused by gradual clogs. Because of urban development, a great deal of architectures aside the river bank were given a modern function.

The diagram in "Zhouli· Kaogongji" recorded the ideology of capital planning in ancient China. The structure of Beijing city evolved from the Dadu in 13th century and reflected the planning thought which was recorded in this book.

Research of Artwork & City Image Site Area

Huo De Zhen Jun Temple [ 火德真君庙 ]

Drun Tower [ 鼓楼 ]

Bell Tower [ 钟楼 ]

"Tian Qu Dan Que" [ 天衢丹阙 ] - Scenery scroll painting of old Beijing axis

From "Tian Qu Dan Que" , we can obviously found that in Shicha Lake history zone well preserved and high class cultural architectures are in an important position, and it lead the hole area. Till now, it plays a significant role in city landscape and function. Other residential buildings are within a same scale, color and mode, and it formed old Beijing city pattern texture.

Constitutive principle of Beijing city is similar to "The Chess of Go"[ 围棋 ].

Some pawns can occupy the key position so that they can control the whole situation. The important historic buildings in historical area look like the key-pawns in chessboard.

“The Chess of Go” [ 围棋 ]

The city image of the Shicha Lake area Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

77

Site Research

[1] Proportion relationship

From proportion, main colors, visual communication, the mode of doors and windows, format content and plane space these five aspects, I investigated all buildings in site scope, then made a corresponding evaluation.

Here, intercept the architectures from the north side of the middle part Qianhai North Street, and detailed display the whole process of this research.

The structure of ancient Beijing is formed by a common construct technique, which is arrange some high class of important architectures on the city axis to lead the unified form, it has a unity and outstanding dialectical relationship. Meanwhile, architectures have the similar segment ratio relationship.

Unified & Highlight

1940s Qianmen Street

Zhanzi Hutong

[2] Main color

[阳 ]

Gold

[阴 ] E

[白虎] Tiger

In Chinese culture, there are some certain relationship between Wuxing, Wuse, Sixiang, Liangji. In order to accentuate the noble red and yellow color from significant architectures, many of Chinese traditional residential buildings’ main color is humble grey. In the site scope, some of the buildings with modern color elements does not meet this traditional color rules.

Drum Tower Red dot

Bell Tower Red dot

[木]-W-Green [水]-N-Black [金]-E-White

Grey zones Nidering

[金]

W

[青龙] Dragon Wood

Qianhai North Street

[火]-S-Red

[木]

N [土] Earth S

Fire [火] Rosefinch [朱雀]

Liuyin Street

[土]-C-Yellow

[玄武] Tortoise Water

Exalted

[水]

Multiunit colour system

[3] Visual communication

Reading order M ng

Dingfu Street

Guang

Da

Optic center

Zheng

Wooden/Black lacquer Chinese Calligraphy Title section of author Sculpting /Gilding

Qianhai West Street

Main hall of Palace of Heavenly Purity

[正大光明]：Be open and aboveboard

Plaque is the main way of visual communication. It is widely use in a prominent position and become a visual center in space, meanwhile, it convey information of the imperial power, culture, character and belief to people.

In the site scope, some of the modern signature is departure from traditional painting plaque which affects the historical block appearance.

[4] Form of Doors & windows Route of survey Research objectives Near-road buildings Buildings in courtyard

Guangliang [ 广亮大门 ]

Jinzhu [ 金柱大门 ]

Manzi [ 蛮子门 ]

Chuihua [ 垂花门 ]

Qiangyuan [ 墙垣式门 ]

Example region of research House number

Property

Category

Type of operation

01

No.15, Qianhai West Street

Commercial Residential

Restaurant/Shop Residence

Staple food, Stinky toufu, Handicraft Xinjiang food, Fabrics, Fruit Wholesale

02

No.13, Qianhai West Street

Commercial

Restaurant/Shop

Pixiu shop, Soybean milk, Beijing snack

03

No.11, Qianhai West Street

Commercial

Restaurant/Shop

Ruyi shop, Hat shop

04

No.09, Qianhai West Street

Residential

Residence

Indigenous resident

05

No.07, Qianhai West Street

Commercial Residential

Restaurant Residence

Luzhu food, Hejian donkey burger

06

No.05, Qianhai West Street

Commercial

Shop

Jiufu tearoom, Jiayashuo shop

Exalted

Nidering

[5] Function

Breakfast stall [ 早点铺 ]

No.03, Qianhai West Street

Commercial Residential

Architecture information in survey area

Restaurant Residence

Xiancuiyuan restaurant

Along with time, some function formats spontaneously formed to adapt the needs of local people in Beijing.

Over time, historical streets transformed to tourist zone, the residential function of traditional courtyard dwellings are gradually replaced by commercial, and appeared many commercial formats which appearance are not suitable in a historical block.

Barber [ 理发馆 ]

[6] Plane space Back room Principal room East room

07

The form of doors and windows are in a strict hierarchy in Beijing’s traditional courtyard houses. Different form and different class of doors and windows indicate the social class of the owner. In the site scope, some traditional doors and windows were replaced with modern style doors and windows because of quality problems, and that affects the historical block appearance.

3 1

West room

2 1

2

Erjin yard [ 二进院 ]

Sanjin yard [ 三进院 ]

Front room

Siheyuan [ 四合院 ]

1

Yijin yard [ 一进院 ]

Traditional courtyard house of Beijing is formed by a group of architectures as the basic cell, different class of buildings matched different courtyard decorations.

Over time, due to the decline in the quality of these architectures, reservation courtyards are uneven. The texture of traditional courtyard houses were damaged.

Proportion relationship

Untraditional colour

Main colour

Visual communication

Untraditional signage

Form of Doors & windows Untraditional doors & windows

Commercial Restaurant-Xiancuiyuan

Residential Residence-Indigenous

Commercial Shop-Jiayashuo shop

Commercial Shop-Jiufu tearoom

Commercial Restaurant-Donkey burger

Commercial Restaurant-Luzhu

Residential Residence-Indigenous

Residential Residence-Indigenous

Commercial Shop-Hat shop

Commercial Shop-Ruyi shop

Commercial Shop-Pixiu shop Commercial Restaurant-Beijing snack Commercial Shop-Soybean milk Commercial Shop-Pixiu shop

Commercial Shop-Fruit Wholesale Residential Residence-Indigenous Commercial Shop-Fabrics Commercial Restaurant-Xinjiang food Commercial Shop-Handicraft

Commercial Restaurant-Stinky toufu

Commercial Shop-Staple food

07 06 05 04 03 02 01

Function

Untraditional building

Plane space

79 Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

Ideology of Urban Planning

Discussion of Old City Renewal Strategy

“Liang and Chen plan” was purposed for the capital Beijing

by Sicheng Liang and Zhanxiang Chen in 1950. Through the view of whole protection from the physical form to the social network, they planned a two-centric model for future sustainable development of Beijing to continue the social structure and cultural eco-city. But ultimately, “Liang and Chen plan” was not implemented for political reasons, and the resulting problems have spread to everyone in this city.

[Renewal the old as the new] Some historic district adopted the method with “renewal the old as the new,” which means demolishing the lower quality of existing buildings or poor architectural style of historic buildings to rebuild the new “ancient style” neighborhoods texture. As a result, artificially excessive intervention caused the structured and rigid form of historic district, single and awkward architectural scale, eliminated social networks of old people.

Newly building area [political & economic function] Old city area [commercial, cultural & residential function] Old city wall

Liang-Chen Project [ 梁陈方案 ] Shicha Lake [ 什 刹 海 ] historical & cultural conservation area Site location

Conservation Planning of 25 Historic Areas in Beijing Old City

Beijing formulated the “Conservation Planning of 25 Historic Areas in Beijing Old City” in 2002, including Shicha Lake area. This planning could provide important basis for the design of the project undertaken.

Ideology of Taoist School

[Renewal the old as the old] Some other historic district adopted the method with “renewal the old as the old,” which means developing the partial renovation of existing buildings with traditional techniques, such as decorating facades according to the traditional architectural features or adding glazed tiles on the roof eave, to achieve visual harmony and unity with the old effect. Therefore, this method will lead to the spatial organization of modern architectural forms putting on a brand new coat of traditional decorative elements.

New “ancient style” buildings

[Renewal the old as the unity of heaven and man] For the both methods of urban renewal, there is a lot of confusion in our mind. First, for the “renewal the old as the new,” the complete demolition is not desirable, and also lost its meaning of “protection and renewal.” Not only the buildings are reestablished, but also the inherent lifestyle is replaced. Second, for “renewal the old as the old,” the method is only decorating the traditional style of the exterior modifications outside the building. From the surface, this process is to restore the traditional neighborhoods style, but in fact, their spatial relationship of ways and scale cannot meet the current needs of industry development and function.

Glazed tiles on the roof eave

What should we do? I think that the historic building in the process of each era with urban development arising, which including traditional style buildings and modern architecture, also reflects the evolution process of urban culture. This process integrated cultural identity and historical characteristics of different periods, so it should not seems like the relationship with the “new” and the “old”. The “new” and “old” should be relative. We should use the whole conception of history and unity of time to watch the developing of historic district, and to distinguish physical form, spatial structure, architectural forms, industrial model, neighborhood patterns and social network during different periods. So that historic buildings can follow its own developing principle to promote the selfrenewal and development.

New building in historic district

Therefore, I would use the “Heaven-men Unity” ideology of Taoism to apply to the methods with protecting the old city, and use the research methods of “visualization of the data overlay” into the designing process to restore the historical evolution of the goal. As a result, urban renewal pattern could transfer to the “restore the place of memory space” direction from the “form the pure shape space.” One can feel the evolution of the time dimension in place, create an active transfer mode communication history information through space mapping, passive receiver mode before a brief historical information instead.

Objection to the demolition

Strategy of old city renewal

Form the pure shape space

Renewal old as new [修新如旧]

Remove old buildings complete and creat new archaized buildings

Renewal old as old [修旧如旧]

Renovate existing buildings into the archaize appearance

“Unity of Man & Nature” [天人合一]

Use whole conception of history and unity of time to treat historic district

Restore the traditional style superficial

Historica is new ?

Fake history

Which dynasty history is ?

Messy history

Traditional space isn’t easy to use

Cavitary history

Restore the place of memory space

Lao Tzu [ 老子 ], the ancient Chinese philosopher and thinker, the founder of the Taoist School [ 道家 ]

“Unity of Man and Nature” [ 天人合一 ] is also about harmony with natural form and human spirit—the basic ideology of Taoist school.

The mean is "to govern by doing nothing that going with nature" This idea also can be applied to the field of urban design.

80

Restore the processing of the historical evolution

Real & visible history

Visualization of the data overlay Site research

Formulate the evaluation system

Density quantification

Converted to image

Density image overlay

[Density of building's style] × 25%

80%-Structure & retaining system complete, facilities fully equipped 50%-Structure & retaining system incomplete, facilities not well equipped Density of building's quality

20%-Structure & retaining system shoddy, virtually no facilities

90%-National/ Municipal/ Regional heritage conservation Units

[Density of building's style] × 25%

70%-Traditional & modern building with certain historical & artistic value 50%-Traditional building which is in harmony with traditional style 30%-Contemporary building which is in harmony with traditional style Density of building's style

10%-Other building which is not in harmony with traditional style

[Density of building's height] × 25% 80%-One storey building [0-4m] 60%-Two storey building [5-8m]

Overlay of different density layers

40%-Three storey building [9-12m]

Density of building's height

20%-Four storey building [13-16m]

Visualization of Data Overlay [Density of building's age] × 25% 80%-1850-1900 [Qing Dynasty] 60%-1900-1950 [Republic of China] 40%-1950-2000 [P. R. China] Density of building's age

20%-2000-Persent [P. R. China]

First, through the findings of researching, to formulate an evaluation system on the base range of all buildings with four important indicators: quality of construction, architectural style, building height and construction time.

Secondly, to transfer the results from researching to an evaluation of different densities with color indexes: used the extent of color depth to build quantitative evaluation of index analysis system, and rendered the findings with intuitive picture language.

Finally, to make different densities into sectioned by different layers after diluted and to superimpose. By overlay operation, to obtain the integrate concentration map, and accordingly to develop operational measures to protect and renewal.

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

81

Generation of Renewal’s Strategies According to the different density color on the integrate concentration map, I delimit the zone of similar color and formulate the measures to protect and renewal the buildings which are located in the site scope.

Through this operation rule, all the existent buildings in the site scope can be protected and regenerated in a feasible way, and the new site plan of can be generated.

[Step 01]

[Step 02]

[Step 03] Process of overlay operation

Complete concentration map

65%

60%

55%

50%

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

100%

0%

[65% - 50%] Complete preservation & Partial restoration Physical model of different layers 82

Operational rules

[50% - 30%] Mainly preservation & Partial reform

[30% - 20%] Complete demolish & Rebuild again

20

01 22

06 03

04

05

10

08 07

17

09

16

21

18

20

22

15 02 [01 ] Prince Gong's Mansion [02] Muoruo Guo’s Residence [03] Site of Fu Jen University [04] Huixian Restaurant [05] Fushan Temple [06] Moon River restoration [07] Fushan Temple fair square [08] Prince Gong's Mansion square [09] Pedicab parking square [ 10] Moon River culture square [ 11 ] Shicha Lake view square

Site Plan

0 5

20

[12 ] Traditional acupuncture hospital [13 ] Chinese traditional sport school [14 ] Shadow play performance center [15 ] Peking opera art center [16 ] Museum of Shicha Lake's culture [17 ] Teahouse street of waterfront [18 ] Interactive food workshop [19 ] Traditional crafts workshop [20] Research center of buddhist culture [21 ] Tourist service center [22] Commercial-Residential mix area

11

14

13

12

19

12

40m

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

83

Bird View 84

Analysis Diagrams of Urban Design

Original urban texture

New urban texture

C

M C

E

R M

E

M M

M

C

C

C C

[C ] Culture [E ] Education [ R ] Religion [H] Healthcare [M] Business & Residence

Function

Opposite scenery with island Permeation of lake scenery History cultural building Interface of history building

Visual experience

M

H

E C

M

Greenbelt Square Water

Public space

Fromal passage Informal passage

Fromal & informal route Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

85

Prince Gong Mansion Museum Design

Research of Traditional City Space in Beijing

Room

Prince Gong Mansion Culture Museum is located in the intersection of Qianhai West Road and Qianhai North Street, which is the most attractive place in this traditional area.

Yard

This museum is the first large public building which tourists will meet, after they visit this history region.

Tourists can learn the history information and culture background of whole area in this museum. It will play an important role to activate historical area, and improve visitors’ experience.

Block

City

Space Prototype

One Courtyard

Two Courtyards

Three Courtyards

Complex Courtyards

20m×25m

20m×35m

20m×45m

40m×65m

Reorganization of Yard Space

Sihe Courtyard Prototype

Layout

Abstraction

Separation

Combination

Architecture Disappearance

2F

? ?

Scale contradiction between museum and tranditional city

?

Balance the scale bwtween museum and tranditional city

Site Plan 86

0 5

25

50m New skyline in the old city

A

15750

Shadow Yard

3600 2400 4500

Platform

2400

87900

B

2400

Gallery

65400

Pool Yard

12000

B

12000

4500

2400

3600

3600

Exhibition

3600

Exhibition

2250 2250 2400

2250 2250 2400

6750

Exhibition

Exhibition

Exhibition

Office

Comparing with the single route, the whole length of loop route will be 295m, and visitors will have more tourist time and richer experience.

At the same time, some branching routes can be designed so as to provide visitors more flexible chances to choose and explore what they what to see.

3600 2100 2100 2250 2250

3600

Bamboo Yard

Lobby

296m

2100 2100 2250 2250

Loop Route

3600

3600

2400

98m 2400

Single Route

11700

11700

Analysis of Routes Design

A 4200

3000

11400

3000

3000

4200

4200

3000

28800

Visitors

Exhibits

1st Floor Plan

3000

3000

4200

28800

0 1

5

2nd Floor Plan

10m

12.000

12.000

10.000

10.000

8.000

8.000

4.000

4.000

0.000

0 1

5

10m

0.000

-0.300 -1.500

11400

Staff

-0.300

Shadow Yard

Section A-A

0 1

Pool Yard 5

10m

Bamboo Yard

-1.500

Pool Yard

Section B-B

0 1

5

Gallery 10m Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

87

Lost in SOHO Attention Dynamics: Attraction & Disttraction Project Type: Group Research Date: Jan. 2014 - Feb. 2014, 1.5 weeks Partner: Mingsi Guan, Rui Peng, Zuci He, Litong Zeng, Xuanyi Lou, Congyue Wang, Meiling Zheng, Maggie Mai & Michelle Choi Tutor: Liqun Zhao, Shuai Feng & Di Ding Workshop: 2014 AA Beijing Visiting School Site: Beijing, China

The exponential growth in complexity of the city of Beijing is due to the emergence of the mass data networks in the past few decades. Despites those whose seemingly maneuverability people has been conscious of and satisfied by, the majority of them are well below the water level of conscious awareness.

We seek to reveal the hidden message that has been conducted from the fundamental spatial arrangement of the city context, all the level up to the graphic or stereo attention- manipulators in the ‘urban consumer land’, achieving a balance in-between the tractability arid the neglected ungovernable beauty of the data realm: "Attraction and Distraction".

88

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

89

Research Background

Photogrammetry in Sanlitun

Beijing, known for its historical graded urban context, has already owned 10 SOHOs. Through looking into their commercial approaches opened up to the surrounding urban blocks, we are presented with a "data pool" of how in real life muftilayered dimensions of information could influence the social dynamics of consumers, physiologically and behaviorally.

Beijing Sanlitun Village is a mature commercial space, bustling crowds and full of vitality. In the processing of designing, we hoped to analyze the factors, which could attract the people through field survey in the plaza of Sanlitun Village.

We call the factor which could cause the human behavior’s phenomenon of attraction and distraction as “attractor”. Human could convey the perceived signal to each corresponding area in the cerebral cortex through the "Five senses", thus would change their behavior mode.

A series of surveys will be encouraged to bring the fascinating spatial qualities and mental mechanisms that had been discovered into a visualised level, and further proposing an advance schedule for the newly constructed Galaxy SOHO in the coming 50 years.

[Touch] [Taste] [Sight]

[Hearing]

[Smell]

Attractors of entrance plaza in Sanlitun Village

Five senses of people

Wangjing SOHO Zhongguancun SOHO Danling SOHO

Researh object Sanlitun Village

Sanlitun Village Sanlitun SOHO

Gallaxy SOHO

Improvement object

SOHO Shangdu

Gallaxy SOHO

Guanghua SOHO Jianwai SOHO Huacheng SOHO

10 SOHOs in Beijing

01

Sampling in Sanlitun Village

Data mapping in Galaxy SOHO

03

Reorganization design in Galaxy SOHO

Photogrammetry in Sanlitun Village plaza space

Following shot & recording the data changeing of environment

Determine the strategy of attractor’s updata based on the appreciable grade

Determining the location of the attractor by the result of photogrammetry

Status quo & evaluation of attractors based on the video & data

Formulate the proposed design strategy of each attractor

Choice 6 attractors and make the analysis and pedestrian simulation

Arrangement of attract mode based on the Space Syntax theory

Real-time Simulation & Outcome Comparison

Research process 90

Two research objectives

02

We used the photogrammetry in Sanlitun Village, and made a continuous shooting to two main plaza space in equal interval time. Through this way, we could catch the people’s density, velocity and trajectory, then realized the visual expression through the operation of overlay.

In the measurement results, the main trend of the shadow represents the major direction of the people flow, and the degree of the shadow’s depth represents the density of people flow, so the shadow area of conferted people show the position of attractor which effects the human behavior.

After determining the type of attractors, we had a selection of six kinds of universal attractor, and analyze by four aspects: the proportion of the number being attracted, the change of their direction after being attracted, attractor’s actuating range and the change of their walking speed. At meanwhile, we designed the process of real-time simulation for each attractor in Sanlitun village square space at the same time.

Attractors of central plaza in Sanlitun Village

Analysis & Behavior Simulation of Six Attractors

Installation

Translucency

Surrounding smell

Glare

LED screen

About 20% of people are attracted by the LED lights curled around the trees in the Village.

About 25% of people are affected by large-scale installation, such as display-car and statue.

About 40% of the people are beattracted to these dimdiffusion to find out what is behind those shops.

Smell is a non-visible factor affecting people flow of direction. About 30% of people are affected by this factor.

90% of people would be affected by the glare, causing a reaction according to our survey.

About 10% of people are affected by the huge LED Screen facade of building in Sanlitun plaza.

People have a clear tendency to accelerate towards the light. But, the walking direction remains constant.

Having spotted an installation, people would deviate from their original route.

After stop, they would continue their journey, with a minor adjustment of direction.

With a desire to get closer to the Attractor, people would behave with a slight change of direction to go towards the Attractor.

The affected people are in search of a place to dine but without a fixed idea. Diffused smell would alter their progression as they are attracted to it.

People would unconsciously sheer from the bright light. Direction of their general advancement remain unchanged.

Despite its large surface, it does not affect people’s progression no matter if they are standing far from or close to the screen.

The lights in the Village are very vivid, causing an all rounded coverage of attraction.

The installations are more recognizable from far away targeting a long distance 360 degree effect.

Translucent surfaces and diffused light conditions as an attractor comes with an inconsistency factor. It is thus effective within the visible realm, attracting close circle of people.

Smell diffuses from around the restaurant operates with the by-factor of air-flow, different orientation display a vary degree of effect.

Glare caused by the refractive surface material and distance between buildings. Its effect is conditioned within a calculable distance range.

As people get too close to the screen, they no longer get the whole view of it.

In another words, the LED screen loses its attracting power from its intimate surrounding due to height disposition.

While passing by the lights, people would slow down due to its brightness.

Then return to its original state having passed by those lights.

People who are attracted would slow down and stop. People’s walking speed would return to its original state after they finished stop.

People would walk slow down as approaching towards the attractor, but would not stop completely in the front of it.

People would decelerate while affected by the smell. After having a clear direction, they would fasten their pace towards it.

Within the glare affected area, people would react hiding away. Speeding up is a result of such reaction.

When people further away from the LED screen, they will slow down to watch the screen.

attracted

unattracted

Light source

Direction map of installations

Direction map of transparency

Direction map of smell

Direction map of glare

Direction map of LED screen

Density map of light source

Density map of installations

Density map of transparency

Density map of smell

Density map of glare

Density map of LED screen

max

middle

Direction map of light source

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

91

Data Mapping in Galaxy SOHO

Data recording

We used shoot and aerial means to photo the random sample in Galaxy SOHO square space, recorded the changes of behavior between the sample and attractors in the process of their interaction, and used environmental data collection to record the surrounding samples in the process of moving on temperature, humidity, brightness, sound and other aspects of the data changes in a unit of time.

We combined the sample of video with interaction of behavior change and the detecting data changes in the surrounding environment, determined the position of the attractor in Galaxy SOHO square space, and evaluated the status quo.

ee

r sc n

0 39.4 20.4 119 348 100697 618 0 38.4 20.4 121 363 105732 615 0 37.4 20.4 123 376 110767 600 0 37.4 20.4 123 373 115802 600 0 37.4 20.4 123 374 120837 607 0 37.4 20.4 125 375 125872 612 0 37.4 20.4 125 375 130906 614 0 37.4 20.4 127 374 135941 611

2 656 0 37.4 20.4 90 302 2 693 0 37.4 20.4 88 302 2 686 0 37.4 20.4 87 303 2 699 0 37.4 20.4 86 301 2 700 1 37.4 20.4 87 301 2 694 1 37.4 20.4 87 301 2 700 0 37.4 20.4 88 300 2 690 0 37.4 20.4 88 300

e th

1 39.4 12.4 77 323 75520 451 1 45.4 12.4 78 307 80555 453 1 45.4 12.4 78 307 85590 452 1 45.4 12.4 78 306 90624 493 1 45.4 12.4 77 295 95659 455 1 46.4 12.4 78 303 100694 470 1 44.4 12.4 79 259 105729 499 1 45.4 12.4 81 278 110764 504

on

0 656 0 37.4 20.4 90 302 0 693 0 37.4 20.4 88 302 0 686 0 37.4 20.4 87 303 0 699 0 37.4 20.4 86 301 0 700 1 37.4 20.4 87 301 0 694 1 37.4 20.4 87 301 3 700 0 37.4 20.4 88 300 0 690 0 37.4 20.4 88 300

d

2 37.4 15.4 87 300 50347 704 2 37.4 15.4 87 300 55382 697 2 37.4 15.4 89 300 60417 718 2 37.4 15.4 88 299 65451 697 2 37.4 15.4 88 323 70486 698 2 36.4 15.4 85 323 75521 689 2 36.4 15.4 84 321 80556 674 2 36.4 15.4 86 309 85591 673

e lay sp

1 37.4 20.4 87 301 30208 700 1 37.4 20.4 88 300 35241 690 1 37.4 20.4 88 300 40276 705 1 37.4 20.4 89 300 45312 704 1 37.4 15.4 87 300 50347 704 1 37.4 15.4 87 300 55382 697 1 37.4 15.4 89 300 60417 718 1 37.4 15.4 88 299 65451 697

Di

/ Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO / / Light /lux Decibel /dB Humidity /% Temp /o Gas / CO /

Light source Mainly with ground lights distributed in each of the major entrance, the smaller proportion was not noticeable.

Installation Uniformly distributed on both sides of the main path, mainly with the flower beds and seats,the attraction and interaction was weak.

Translucency

Pla

The number of shops and business was lack, which caused lack of business shops, and had not been fully utilized.

ce

d

on

Glare

th

e

ha

nd

ca

Glare district was located in the lower level of the office, and would have developed an impact on pedestrians.

rt

LED screen Distributed on the commerce at the bottom’s vertical interface scattered, and did not form a continuous effect.

Following photograph & Data mapping

Co

ntr

ole

db

yi

Ph

on

e

Current Situation & evaluation of attractors

Aerial photography by flying camera 92

Environmental data collector

From A to B 01:38.50 - 01:49.50

Start to be attracted

Object walk into the plazza

01:39.00

01:38.50

Object pass through Installations

01:39.50

01:40.00

unattracted

01:40.50

01:41.00

01:45.50

01:42.00

01:41.50

No attractor effect

Installations attractor effect/Last 2.5s 01:42.50

01:43.00

01:43.50

01:44.00

01:44.50

01:45.00

01:47.00

01:47.50

01:48.00

01:48.50

01:49.00

01:49.50

01:46.00

01:46.50

No attractor effect

From A to B 01:50.00 - 02:00.00

Object take photos for the Transparency faced

01:51.00

01:50.50

01:51.50

01:52.00

01:56.00

01:56.50

01:59.50

02:00.00

02:01.50

02:02.00

02:02.50

02:06.00

02:06.50

02:07.00

02:10.50

02:11.00

02:11.50

unattracted

Same attractor

01:50.00

Same attractor

Object look toward the transparency faced

Translucency attractor effect/Last 5.5s

Same attractor

Start to be attracted

01:52.50

01:53.00

01:53.50

01:56.00

01:56.50

01:57.00

Translucency attractor effect/Last 5.5s 01:54.50

01:55.50

01:55.00

Start to be attracted

No attractor effect 01:58.00

unattracted

01:59.00

01:58.50

01:54.00

Object look toward the kids

01:57.50

LED screen attractor effect/Last 2.5s Running kids attractor effect/Last 1s

From A to B 02:00.50 - 02:12.00

Same attractor 02:00.50

Object look toward the Information board

02:01.00

Start to be attracted

02:03.00

02:03.50

02:07.50

02:08.00

02:04.00

02:04.50

unattracted

Information board attractor effect/Last 1s 02:05.00

02:05.50

02:09.50

02:10.00

Start to be attracted

Object walk along the light

unattracted

No attractor effect 02:08.50

02:09.00

02:12.00

Object walk into the subway station Light source attractor effect/Last 6s

Analysis of Snapshot Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

93

Analysis of Appreciable Area

01:40.00 - 01:49.00

[01:41.00]

[01:40.00]

[01:42.00]

[01:43.00]

[01:44.00]

B

A

[01:45.00]

[01:46.00]

[01:48.00]

[01:47.00]

[01:49.00]

Visual region of every moments [A-B]

Overlay of tracking photos & Visual region [A-B]

01:50.00 - 01:59.00

C

[01:50.00]

[01:51.00]

[01:52.00]

[01:53.00]

[01:54.00]

B

[01:55.00]

Overlay of tracking photos & Visual region [B-C]

[01:56.00]

[01:57.00]

[01:58.00]

[01:59.00]

Visual region of every moments [B-C]

02:00.00 - 02:09.00

D

C [02:00.00]

02:00.50 - 02:12.00

Overlay of tracking photos & Visual region [C-D] 94

[02:05.00]

Visual region of every moments [C-D]

[02:01.00]

[02:06.00]

[02:02.00]

[02:07.00]

[02:03.00]

[02:08.00]

[02:04.00]

[02:09.00]

E

D C B

Attract mode of attractor

Attractor arrangement of each area

Attraction ability of each area

A

Max

Min

District A

A District B

B District C

C District D

D

Dot attractor

District E

E

Region attractor

Border attractor

Layout of attractors in different grades

Model of different grades in appreciable area

Layout of Attract Mode Space Syntax theory, purposed by Professor Bill Hillier in UCL Bartlett School, is a research and development of a space form composition analysis techniques in the past 20 years. This Space Syntax theory was applied to analyze the perceived space of Galaxy SOHO Square area. Through software of simulation samples by the Syntax2D at each time point in the travel path of the perceived

spatial extent, this method could overlay the image, and obtain the spatial perception of the situation.

Using five different colors could express different levels of perceived space. Based on the different extent of their perceived attraction, the design arranged the varying degrees of attraction factors.

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

95

Combination of path and visual information

Light source

Form of luminescence

Scope of influence

Shape of path

The complex illumination system can include the function of path, lighting and product information display. People can receive the information by mobile phone, and send it to the illumination system.

Illumination system can form a luminescent path which shows the way to the destination shop by control the number of luminescent unit and display the information of product in the march toward the shop.

N-pole

Installation

S-pole

Landmark

AD

Glass of adjustable transparency

Ima

ge

70%

attraction effect

Translucency

Enframed scenery

A new installation system can change the shape and combination mode by itself.

This system is made up of many particles which can connect by magnetic field, they can form many random spaces with different shape and different function.

Exhibition

50%

30%

10% Shop

info

different transparency of glass

Glass of adjustable transparency can make image information presented in different effect.

Intermediateness between clearness and indistinctness has the strong attraction to the people.

Surrounding smell

Shop

Restaurant People spreads average in the space

People has minute reaction to the smell

People is attracted completely by the smell

Light reflected through the glasses and causing glare. Replace glass with sun-protection glass, then the glass’s angle will be changed by solar energy control devices.

Glare

Glare influences the traffic

LED screen LED screen

Installations

Light source

Surrounding smell

Transparency

Glare

Reorganization Design of Attractors in Galaxy SOHO 96

Heliodisplay is an air-based projection system. By utilizing dry micron-size atomized particles in mid-air, heliodisplay allows for dual viewing when combined with two light sources. This 3D projection systems could accommodate multiple viewing from diverse angles.

People standing at different angles or even of different levels would be shown different advertisements.

Glare form the path

Glare form the shadow path

Through the combination of different angle‘s glass, glare area changes into the path with shadow effect and controls the direction of circulation.

Plaza space

People approaches 3D projection system

People enters the identifiable range

3D projection generates heliodisplay for people

Real-time Simulation & Outcome Comparison

[Simulation of present situation] We used the information of status’ attractor in Galaxy SOHO Square space to input processing, and to simulate the flowing conditions in real-time. In the scenarios of the status, the attracting people is in a fewer percentage of the numbers in Galaxy SOHO Square.

However, as time progressed, some attracted people were easy to gather in the middle of the square open area, which was densely distributed in the status of attractors.

attracted

unattracted

Phase [a]

Phase [b]

Phase [c]

Phase [d]

Outcome of realtime simulation

Phase [a]

Phase [b]

Phase [c]

Phase [d]

Outcome of realtime simulation

[Simulation of reorganization design] We presented the situation after the recombined information to input processing again for crowd simulation situation in Galaxy SOHO Square space.

In the simulation of recombined design, the number of proportion, which was being attracted, had been greatly improved. And the attracting crowds homogeneously spread in the direction of random diversity in the square space.

attracted

unattracted

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

97

Supplements Fabrications, Other Works and Practice Projects

This section displays some other projects including two physical fabrication objects, eight academic projects in architecture or urban scale, and four practice projects.

These works were during 2009 to 2017.

98

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

99

60

Digital Mater(l)a Application of Local Material into Digital Fabrication Project Type: Group Research Date: May. 2017 - Jun. 2017, 1 week Tutor: Paolo Cascone, Daniel Widrig, Guan Lee Partner: Luhan Yu, Yixuan Wang Digital Mater(l)a is a 3 years international programme with the aim to develop a series of educational and applied research activities in the field of digital manufacturing for ecological design and architecture. This programme based in Matera (Italy), and aim to explore the interaction between

local material systems and techniques with digital fabrication technologies and advanced design.

This project involved local tools in the context of Matera, it attempted to rethink a design approach capable of contending with natural environment radically transformed by human inhabitation. We tried to use CNC machine to mill a kind of local brick named Tofu, and achieved the transformation process from flexible computational geometry to local architecture construction material.

Pattern Design

Matera Architecture Context

Mine of Local Tofu Material

Result Simulation

Geometry Design Process

CNC Milling Tofu Brick 100

Geometry Analysis

Design Proposal

Impression of Industry Material Perception & Chair Fabrication Project Type: Collaborative Competition Date: Nov. 2009 - Dec. 2009, 6 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang, Jiajun Han & Lu Gao Tutor: Prof. Ling Jiang & Prof. Xiaobin Wang Competition: The 2th NCUT “The Chair in My Mind” Design Competition, Best Design Award

This project hoped to express the memory recall of industrial era by the chair in the initial stage. But unfortunately in the production phase, the material cost and the difficulty of production process caused great obstacles. Finally, we found the factories, which gave us the discount on the cost by our sincerely attitude, and we participated in the actual processing.

Through this producing experience, I realized the hardships of compromise for design by the balance of real entities and ideal. What’s more, I cannot describe the feelings in words when I see our own design work completely built out in accordance with our ideas.

Use some straws to make 1:50 model

Purchas PVC tubes and other tools

Use some PVC tubes to make 1:2 model

Use steel tubes to make 1:1 final model

Truncation and connection

Paint silver powder for brighter

Process of Fabrication Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

101

Multipurpose Theater Design The Theather Design in Beijing CBD Project type: Group Research Date: Sep. 2012 - Oct. 2012, 6 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang Tutor: Prof. Deqing Bu & Xiaobin Wang Site: Beijing, China

0.000

4.070

Use Main theater Only

Use Small theater Only

Use Two theaters Both

2.930

0.000

Main Auditorium Section

ht lig ro

nt

br id

tf

tin

firs e th

lig h

nd co se e

102

g

nt fro

ot sp

th

Perspective View

ge

nt lig

m

om ro

oo

ro or ct

lig h

oje pr

tr

om

Ground Floor Plan

llo w

Public Space Cover Theaters

fo

Public Space

Living in the Western Mountain of Beijing Residence District Design of Shougang Industrial Estate Project type: Group Research Date: Feb. 2013 - Jun. 2013, 16 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang Tutor: Prof. Hongran Zhang & Lec. Xubo Yang Site: Beijing, China

Type A Plan [90m2]

Site Plan

Type B Plan [105m2]

Perspective View

0 5

20

40m

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

103

Other Works

Symphony of Space

Kindergarten Design

Enclosure & Harmony

Limited Space Design Base on the Fallingwater’s Space Rhythm

12 Classes Kindergarten Design with Enclosured Layout

Villa Design Base on Chinese Courtyard Space

Project type: Individual Design Date: Mar. 2010 - Apr. 2010, 6 weeks Tutor: Prof. Mingshuai Pan & Lec. Xiaobo Wang Competition: The 9th “Autodesk” National Design Competition of Architecture Students, Prize for Excellence

Project type: Individual Design Date: Feb. 2011 - May. 2011, 14 weeks Tutor: Lec. Xiaowei Song & Prof. Ling Jiang Site: Beijing, China

Project type: Individual Design Date: Sep. 2010 - Nov. 2010, 8 weeks Tutor: Prof. Dong Jia & Lec. Xiaowei Song Site: Beijing, China

104

Cloud City

Urban Strategies in Historic Beijing

Design of HOPSCA in Beijing CBD

Site Analysis and Urban Proposals of Fayuan Temple Area

Break Through the Dense Fog Defogging System Design for Urban Express Ways

Project type: Individual Design Date: Sep. 2012 - Oct. 2012, 6 weeks Tutor: Prof. Deqing Bu & Xiaobin Wang Competition: The 5th “U+L New Thinking” National Design Competition for College Students, Third Prize Site: Beijing, China

Project type: Group Research Date: Jun. 2011 - Jul. 2011, 4 weeks Partner: Zhaodi Zhang, Zijian Wang, Ryan Raskop, Daniel Schnizler, Roland Escalona Tutor: Prof. Irma Ramirez, Prof. Andy Wilcox & Prof. Bo Zhang Competition: The 2011 AICP Student Project Award, Applied Research Award Site: Beijing, China

Project type: Group Competition Date: Nov. 2012 - Dec. 2012, 4 weeks Partner: Yuhan Jia Site: Beijing, China Competition: 2012 UA International Concept Architecture Design Competition

Portfolio of Tianyu Guo | BURNISH

105

Find the Exit The seven years’ Architecture study like the process of feeling our way forwards and finding an exit in a dark passage, and this seven-year period is too short for a field which can’t be comprehended completely in the whole lifetime. We usually experience and experiment in different fields with the state of starvation and confusion, and try my best to think about what we should do in the future and what is this people’s really need in this physical world.

Sometimes, we believe that we find an exit after completing a deep research in a field, but with the passage of time, the increase of experience and the intake of more extensive knowledge, we find that we enter a another darkness passage, back to black.

We keep drawing a circle, but at the end of circle it is another beginning. We keep imaging the new world in the future, but the expectant tomorrow become the yesterday quickly. There is no shortcut on the way of finding an exit, we must continue to explore the indiscernible black space steadily on this way to the exit.

Back in black, I hit the sack I've been too long, I'm glad to be back Yes I am, let loose from the noose That's kept me hanging about I've been looking at the sky 'cause it's gettin' me high Forget the hearse 'cause I never die I got nine lives, cat's eyes Abusin' every one of them and running wild Cause I'm back, yes I'm back Well, I'm back, yes I'm back Well, I'm back, back Well, I'm back, back Well, I'm back in black Yes, I'm back in black Back in the back of a Cadillac Number one with a bullet, I'm a power pack Yes, I'm in a bang with a gang They've got to catch me if they want me to hang Cause I'm back on the track and I'm beatin' the flack Nobody's gonna get me on another rap So look at me now, I'm just makin' my play Don't try to push your luck, just get out of my way —— [Back in Black] by AC/DC

2017 © TIANYU GUO

Tianyu Guo http://tianyuguo.portfoliobox.net/ M.Arch, Bartlett School of Architecture, UCL, London, UK tianyu.guo@live.com +86-135 8173 1011