MONICA SUTISNA 614340 SEMESTER 1 2015
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TABLE OF CONTENT INTRODUCTION 005
About me
CONCEPTUALISATION 006 008
A.1 Design Futuring
012 014
A.2 Design Computation
018 020
A.3 Composition/ Generation
Esplanade Theatre/ DP Architect & Michael Wilford Digital Grotesque/ Michael Hansmeyer
024
A.4 Conclusion
025
A.5 Learning Outcome
026
A.6 Algorithmic Sketches
Zootopia/ Bjarke Ingels Group Tree Works and Other Instalations/ ILKKA HALSO
Shenzhen Bao’an International Airport/ Studio Fulkas Research Pavilion 2010/ ITKE
CRITERIA DESIGN 028
B.1 Research Fields
030 032
B,2 Case Study 1.0
Shinseon Play/ Moon Ji Bang Morning Line/ Aranda Lasch The Eden Project/ Grimshaw
046
B.3 Case Study 2.0/ The Fallen Star/ AA DLAB
050
B.4 Technique Development
056
B.5 Prototype
058
B.6 Technique Proposal
062
B.7 Learning Objectives + Outcome
064
B.8 Algorithmic Sketches
v STUDIO AIR/ 002
068
C.1 Design Concept
090
C.2 Tectonic Elements & Prototype
098
C.3 Final Model & Prototype
110
Learning Objectives + Outcome
112
Reference Part A
114
Reference Part B
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ABOUT ME My name is Monica Sutisna and I am 21 years old. I am currently on my third year stuying Bachelor of Environment majoring in Architecture in the University of Melbourne. I have been passionate about anything that is related with design and arts since I was really young. i have always known and never doubted myself that when I grow up, I want to be an architect. i learn that being an architect is not only about designing something but also understanding of how the design can be build and work in order to satisfy the users. i have fallen in love with japanese architecture since I started studying architecture for its great simplicity and neatness. However this subject I will be exploring and designing something that is complex through technology. This will be one of the very challenging subject for me because of the software and technology that I need to adapt, understand and get familiar with in one semester. However, the challenge that I get every week is also exciting becasue I am able to learn and gain new knowledge that will be very important in my future architecture career.
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A.1
DESIGN FUTURING Sustainability has been a serious issue that people are trying to encounter in order to create a better world for the future. The number of people in this planet is growing rapidly and with the advanced technology that are used to extract natural resources has resulted in a defuturing condition of unsustainability. First we need to understand the impact of creating something will result in destroying something else then we take this understanding into an action. As architects we need to be able to understand that we are responsible for the building that we have design and build and so we need to make sure that they do not bring negative impact to the world that is already damaged. With design we can change the problem that already exsist. [1] The two purposes of ‘design futuring’ are one to slow down the rate of defuturing and to lead us to have a more sustainable living planet.
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It was criticised in the reading that the use of program and software creating pattern where people can put in some data, results or variations will come out and we can just pick our selection. This resulted in the loss of significant and style in the world of design. However is it what everybody is doing right now? we depend on technologies so much such as both 2D and 3D softwares. As designers we need to keep adapting to the current style and design tool so that we can keep moving forward to the future and not left behind. It is also important to intergrate any design with sustainability in order to produce a functional and beneficial for the user and surroundings.
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ZOOTOPIA BJARKE INGELS GROUP
Fig. 1.1 Experience from inside the traveling tube STUDIO AIR/ 008
Fig. 1.2 The overview to Zootopia
[2]BIG has a very interesting concept for
this in progress project which is to create a free and interactive relationship between users or visitors (human) and residents (animals). Instead of captivating and limiting the space of living for the animals like any traditional zoo, this project has proposed to let visitors experience the real habitat of different animals. Though it has introduced many man-made inventions and technology, this could be bring positive impact especially for the animals as the captivity in traditional zoo has resulted in stress and many death.
The high number of death in many traditional zoo could result in defuturing as well because animals have been an important part of our lives and if their number is decreasing that would mean that the poeple in the future will not be able to enjoy or learn about them as much as we do now. Hence it is a very sustanable project to create a comfortable living space for the animals so that they can live as long as they could.
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TREE WORKS AND OTHER INSTALLATIONS ILKKA HALSO
Fig. 2.1 Tree Revolution 1, 2008 STUDIO AIR/ 010
Fig. 2.2 Evolution of Tree, version 2.1 Inside, 2006 [3]
[5]
Evolution Of Tree, version 2.1 Inside, 2006 A Finnish artist, named Ilkka Halso, “ i 6show ironic visions of mans re140 cm x 300 cm triptych, edition 70 cm x 150 cm, one piece ,edition 10 studies the relationships between arlation to nature and his confidence in chitecture, technology and nature in a technology in solving problems caused natural environment settings. Ilkka ways by his own activities. I builded fictives of connecting nature and architecture is by protecting the trees with scaffolding restoration sites. Scaffolding are coveror any structural elements use to build ing objects of nature instead of houses a construction. and man-made objects. Trees, boulders, I feel like this is a very interesting prece- rock faces and fields are under repair” dent becuse when i relate it to the pur- ILKKA HALSO pose of design future which is to provide sustainability, this project remind His work actually make me question us that we have destroyed alot of nature what is ‘sustainable’ really? We try so significantly as population is growing, hard to use renewable energy, provide more resources are needed, more lands green spaces and use materials that or areas that are cleared to build homes are less harmful to the nature which and facilities, and we should preserve actually links back to the reading Dewhat we have destroyed. sign Future by Tony Fry that no matter [4] what we do, we will still destroy nature It is an action of rescuing and curand remove sources but atleast we can ing nature in a very artistic way where slow down the process or defuturing by nature is given ‘treatment’ or ‘medical restoring the nature or give back to it. care’ to show the urgent of giving back to the nature. The use of scaffold sends a message such that why can’t we try to build back the nature with the same tools that we use to build such complex or big buildings.
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A.2
DESIGN COMPUTATION Technological advance has been very important element of architecture for so many years as it allows architects to have a more complex design. People are becoming more and more used to develope ideas in computerization softwares because it is faster to work on, more accurate in terms of scaling and measuring also it gives a better perspective of how the design will look like in real life. However, design computation is different from computerization though they might sound similar. What is design computation and what beneficial it has in designing point of view? [6]Design computation is a new way of exploring design with parametric method also producing it with a different stream of tectonic as well as material creativity. This innovation has put production of design into another level as people will becoming more creative and what was impossible to be build or design in the pas is now possible. Complex design is now becoming into reality as materials and products can be tested outside site by using robot or other technology.
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[7]
This approach is about problem and solution. Designers are said to be problem solving as they try to find solutions, they will try and test until the right solution meets their satisfactionary. Trying and testing the formulae combinations is very important in using computation softwares because it is the way we can learn to become more creative and innovative in terms of our design product. [8] Though computation can be programmed, will not make arithmetical mistakes and have abundant space to store information, it is only capable of following instruction and lack of creative intelligence . Hence computation is very beneficial and productive when human’s imagination that could be brought into reality is put together with computation.
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SHENZHEN BAO’ AN INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT
“The introduction of computational design offers the potential break through these barriers of model thinking in structural engineering”Knippers Helbig Engineering
STUDIO FUKSAS [9] The concept of the new Terminal 3 for Bao’an Inter-
national Airport by Massimiliano Fuksas is an enclosed space structure with a perforated cladding of a stretched metal sheet that consist of 400,000 individual sheel component and 60,000 different facade elements. In this article, the founding partner of Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering and Head of Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) at The University of Stuttgart, Jan Knippers mentioned that computation design provide a great opportunity to structural engineers in terms of removing the traditional way of model thinking and to create a more complex design forms.
The parametric model was developed using two software which are Rhinoceros and Microsoft’s Exel where knowledge of specialized software is not required which result in the forming of universal communication between architects and engineersThough it has a very complex geometry, it does not lose its functionality. The double layer skins allow the space to have enough natural light as part of the cladding can be open. This shows how much change and innovative a design could have with the use of technology.
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Fig. 3.1 Overview the airport
Fig. 3.2 The interior of the airport STUDIO AIR/ 015
RESEARCH PAVILION 2010 ITKE
Fig. 4.1 Top view of the Pavilion STUDIO AIR/ 016
Fig. 4.2 The bending test of the plywood material [10]In 2010 the Institute of Computa-
tional Design (ICD) and the Institute of Building Structures and Structural Design (ITKE) designed and constructed a contemporary research pavilion which was to demonstrate a material that can be develop by performing computational design, simulation and production process in architecture. This pavilion is the result of computational design which to explore the physical behaviour and material characteristic. The material used for this project is birch plywood strips as it is elastic and has bending behaviour.
The whole construction is made of 6.5 millimeter think birch plywood sheets with a diameter of more than twelve meters. it has 80 different strip patterns and the connection between one strips to the other are changing resulting in more than 500 geometrically unique parts to prevent concentrated bending moments. This is a very relatable precedents because of the use of technology to build and manufacture the pavilion and computation to design and test the ability of the material. Design futuring also played a role in this pavilion because plywood is a very sustainable material.
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A.3
PARAMETRIC MODELLING Parametric modelling is a digital design tool which based on algorithmic instructions that allows designer to control and have accuracy of the outcome of the form, construction and design process. What is algorithmic is computing aspect? [11]Algorithmic is a form of method or techniques to get computer to do something in a more particular and operational way so that computer can follow. [12]
With the increase of improvement in terms of simulation ability and efficiency, architects can predict, model and simulate the product that can be use as a sophisticated tool between the architects and the public. Furthermore with this revolutionary of computation tool, the result will not only simulate and communicate the construction form of a building but also the true experience and conceptual logic behind it. [13]Digital tools give the ability to evaluate the design performance of an architectural project at any stages. Design opportunities becomes greater as people are getting more experimental by solving problems with algorithmic method and they realise that now it could go beyond what it can used to be.
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Computation has become a very crucial part in architectual practice becaue it does not only work as a design tool but also how can the complexity of design itself be build in a real world. The Chief Executive of Foster + Partners, Mouzhan Majidi said: [14] “This hasn’t simply transformed what we can design its had a huge impact on how we build” There used to be a boundary between virtual design world with the physical environment however with this tool designers are able to learn more about building systems and environments. Basically the tool allows designer to really have the most obvious vision of how the building will look like when it is buid, how is it going to work in terms of functionailty and sustainability. Research, trial and error are fundamental in this new way of designing because with that the result wil become more efficient and reliable. Parametric modelling and the use of algorithmic method should be adapted in architectural world because it leads people to have new creativity and exploration.
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Fig. 5.1 The Interior of Esplanade STUDIO AIR/ 020
Fig. 5.2 Esplanade Theatre from outside
THE ESPLANADE THEATRE DP ARCHITECT & MICHAEL WILFORD The skins of the Esplanade theatre is inspired by durian plant which has a shading system that resnponse according to sun angles.
Hence the shape of the building does not contribut to the beauty of aesthetic aspect but also the amount of light could enter the internal space.
[15]
Computation has given the designer so much control on how much light could enter into the space. By adapting to the technology, people can have fully control on the level of performance of their buildings.
DIVA plug-in in Rhinos first developed by the Grauate School of Design at Harvard University which allows users to evaluate an environmental performance that inlcudes climate based daylighting and single therma zone energy. The use of this software has been very beneficial because it allows designers to find a maximum result in making a very sustainable building. The different angle of triangle shaped alumunium in the facade allows maximum natural light enetering the space.
This precedent shows how much digital tool has contribute in providing a sustainable space for the people. it shows that the building does not only have such a complex geometry but also has a function that has been modified to have the best possible outcome.
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DIGITAL GROTESQUE
MICHAEL HANSMEYER
Fig. 6.1
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Fig. 6.2 The 3D model of Digital Grotesque
“In the Digital Grotesque project, we use these algorithms to create a form that appears at once synthetic and organic. The design process thus strikes a delicate balance between expected and the unexpected, between control and relinquishment. The algorithms are deterministic as they do not incorpo-
Digital Grostesque is designed by algorithm where high level of complexity can be explained, made and communicate through the digital tool which is impossible to be sketched by hand. The accuracy of each section and detail of the design can be directly rendered into reality. With a total of 260 million individual character of the geometric mesh is controled by an input.
rate randomness, but the results are not necessarily entirely foreseeable. Instead, they have the power to surprise.� - BENJAMIN DILLENBURGER [16]
This project is an order between chaos and order, natural and artificial. The perception of the shape is in the eye of beholder. It is the result of material and fabrication exploration with the use of technology which is a human-scale enclosed structure with a high level of complexity and detail with a size of a 3.2 meter high and 16 square meter large room.
Though there is a limitation of 3D Printing in terms of scale and material costs, the use of sand-printing technology help them to overcome these issue. This precedent shows how far technology can be push in architectural to create such a unique space and experience for the user.
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A.4
CONCLUSION
Architects responsible with what is built and what will be build in this world. As the world is growing significantly, more natural resources are taken away and more land is used to satisfy human needs. With the use of technology, architects can control the outcome and function of the building in a more detail scale. In order to really make use of this digital tools, they need to make sure that the design does not have a good aesthetic aspect that could be enjoyable for people to see but also has functionality that could be sustainable for the future.
Technology has put architectural world into a more innovative design that has more potential in bringing benefits to the society and also greater opportunity in designing something which was probably impossible to be brought into reality in the past. When building system can be controlled and supervise with the use of digital tools, it becomes more effective. It is a challenge for architects to create a more sustainable living space where the reality is that we are using natural resources faster than its rate of production. Perhaps with the help of technology and digital tools, there born a new system to create a functional, systematical and sustainable living space to slow the rate of defuturing.
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A.5
LEARNING OUTCOMES
i have learn the meaning of parametric design, what algorithm can do to control a design and how can technology be beneficail in terms of sustainability. Before taking this subject, my knowledge of design in architectural world is bounded by physical aspect and sustainabilty. My knowledge of the appliaction of technology in buildings are very limited which I did not know many famous buildings that really make use of digital tools. When researching for precedents, I was very facinated and amused by the advance technology and how much benefits it has given to the people. By doing the conceptualisation of studio air, I have clear understanding the difference of computerization and computation.
Without any learning drive, these technologies will mean nothing as millions of errors, trial and research are part of the effort designers have put to improve the architectural world. Being creative is great but when these creativity is combine with computation it would have more significant. Hence I keep reminding myself not to give up whenever I get stuck with formating and matching formulae in Grasshopper because it is hard but with practice i will definitely get use to the program. The engineers and architects who are absolutely willing to learn and adapt to the new system where computaion becomes a communication tools are very inspiring.
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A.6
ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES
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b From 1-5 I have tried to transform and modify with the tool of catanery. From the very simple links to the more complicated where I tried to add more inputs. The more input I tried to put in, the more interesting outcome it produced which makes me want to keep trying and see what other tools I can use to modify the outcome. I have many error outcomes too that might be very challenging because I get really stuck. This exploration result in a complex looking geometry STUDIO AIR/ 026
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B.1
RESEARCH FIELDS
TECHNIQUE- INFLATABLE Even though inflatable is not under one of the techniques in research fields, I found it to be one of the most interesting techniques to be explored after being introduced by my tutor. Inflatable provides a total flexibility and control in terms of shapes as well as functions as it could be combine with other techniques to create a small or huge capacity space. Not [1] only this technique is interesting as this air-filled objects or structures can be a temporary or permanent shelters, it could be easily made, repaired, moved, built and the material use can be cheap such as plastic sheets and fans. Inflatable not only use to build temporary space for exhibition or playground, it is also in the building of furnitures, homes and bridges.
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As the brief of this subject is quite flexible in terms of function, this technique does not constrained my ability to create more than one function structure as it could be a combination of a playground and furniture or lamp as I have a strong interest in designing a building that allow users to interact with the structures itself.
Typically, inflatables are a more elegant engineering solution because they are simple by design� - THAD FREDRICKSON, manager of materials development for ILC Dover. [2] Elegancy is one of the element that i want my structure to have
besides flexibility, furthermore inflatable can be eco-friendly too with the use of recycable material, water-based coatings and low-energy fans.
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TECHNIQUE- BIOMIMICRY [3] Biomimicry is an approach of solving human problems to in-
novation in a sustainable way by applying nature’s patterns and strategies . [4] In other words, people starting to realise that other living organisms in the same world we are living are able to survive for billion years without creating negative impacts or results on this planet. So the question is how does nature solve a problem? This is such a critical question for architecture or designers to really think about in order to create a sustainable innovation for the future environment.
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Jannie Benyus on TED Talk gave a few examples on how innovations by nature solve problems which one of them would be in a winter and desert conditions where there is no fresh water, an insect managed to collect water from fog with the bump at the back of its wing that acts as a magnet to water so that when it bends over the water slides of to its mouth. This innovation is then practiced by some architecture firms such as Grimshaw by coating buildings so that they could collect water from fog. This is such an amazing inspiration that we can learn and adapt to create a more sustainable way of living which bring benefits for us without harming the environment. I chose this technique because I feel that I could satisfy and relate back to A1-Design Futuring purpose of this course.
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B.2
CASE STUDY 1.0
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SHINSEON PLAY MOON JI BANG
Fig. 1 Shinseon Play STUDIO AIR/ 033
Fig. 2.1 Shinseon PLay view from top
TECHNIQUE: INFLATABLE [5]
Shinseon Play is an inflatable temporary installation that has a very interesting concept which represents a heavenly landscape to give a heavenly feeling towards the users. It is located outside Korea’s National Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art and has a mushroom-shaped ballons. It lights up like a lamp during nightime also function as shades when poeple wants to relax they could sit on the grass under the inflatable. This is infact a very unique yet simple structure which sits perfectly on the site where people would not even notice that it is actually a temporary installation which will be removed in October.
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Fig. 2.2 Shinseon Play view at night
“Each balloon is supported by a hollow steel pipe that allows air to be gently pumped inside. The air pressure is programmed so that each one sways gently with the wind or as people touch it� - MOON JI BANG From this case study, it can be seen that inflatable technique is not only for playgrounds or pool but it could be very artistic and ellegant at the same time. Though it might seem like a simple temporary structure, it could have some critical issues to really think about such as what material should be use so that it is flexible but strong enough to stand winds, how much air should be pump inside the balloon as well as how to make sure that the air does not escape so that the inflatable could stand.
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THE MORNING LINE
ARANDA LASCH, MATHEW RITCHIE, arup AGU
Fig. 3 The Morning Line STUDIO AIR/ 037
Fig. 4.1 The Morning line top view
TECHNIQUE: BIOMIMICRY Unlike any traditional pavilion, The Morning Line, an ‘anti-pavilion’ with 8 meter height and 20 meter long frame, is an intersection for information from many different fields including art, music, architecture, engineering, mathematics, physics, cosmology and techlonoly. The form of this structure is an open cellular rather than enclosure based on the visual language on a radical cosmological theory developed by Paul Steinhardt and Neil Turok. [6]This approach challenge uniformity in a way that it acts as a living system that could evolve into a variety of possibilities to make an abstract outcome.
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Fig. 4.2 The Morning Line view at night
“For us design is about putting in place a process from which you can guarantee surprises” - CHRISTOPHER LASCH For The Morning Line, Lasch’s surprises is a result of creating the design with algorithms and formed from fractal anatomies. Fractal is a geometrical form that is the result of modelling structure formation in a random or chaotic phenomena such as leaves, snowflakes and crystal. Furthermore [7] The Morning Line has no end or beggining nor exit or entrance, infact it is drawing space where each line is connecting with one another that could eventually create a dense network web of ideas concerning the history and structure of the universe.
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THE MORNING LINE STUDIO AIR/ 039
ITERATION CASE STUDY 1.0
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THE EDEN PROJECT GRIMSHAW
Fig. 5 The Eden Project STUDIO AIR/ 017
Fig. 6.1 The Eden Project sit on the site
TECHNIQUE: BIOMIMICRY The Eden Project or refer as The Biomes, is one of the most interesting projects that adapts biomimicry technique. [8]The design intention in terms of structure was to be as light as possible so that less stress on the soil result in it has little site impact as well as to be built without internal support that could span for great distance. Hence, Grimshaw derived the inspiration from honey comb of bees and see it from the fly point of view where honey comb has light weight yet strong structure.
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Fig. 6.2 The Eden Project at night [9] The frame structure relies on the geometry shaped that
could be easily transported to the site, with cladding panel system of triple-layered pillows of high performance ETFE foil and environmentally efficient. [10]Furthermore, this material has an outstanding ultraviolet transmittance performance for the sake of the plants’ growth and health.
This building is not only appear and function to be sustainable, it also provides an unforgetable experience for visitors as they are able to enjoy and learn about many different type of plants from all over the world at the same time. It sits perfectly on the site and appear to be part of the hill and landscape as if it is a habitat for living organisms. STUDIO AIR/ 043
B.3
CASE STUDY 2.0
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THE FALLEN STAR INSTALLATION AT AA DLAB VISITNG SCHOOL
Fig. 7 The Fallen Star STUDIO AIR/ 047
RECORDED PROCESS
1. Create rectangle, divide it and connect it to list item. Create points in between connecting lines
2. Connect lines in designated point creating a star shape
OUTCOME
[11] Architectural Association (AA) DLAB Visiting School final working prototype, The
Fallen Star installation is a combination between biometrics, interaction and perception. Its concept of Green includes exploring regeneration, emergence and growth that exist in nature by obersving the structure of natural and biological in different scale.
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3. Create two points at different height so that when 3 points connected a surface is created
4. Bake each surfaces and join them together
[12]Furthermore, the workshop analyse the natural growth process such as the Linden-
mayer system, fractal theory, reaction diffusion system and voronoi algorithms. The team examined and tested reaction diffusion and voronoi system like how coral form in the sea and branching algorithm in fluid formation. The Fallen Star fabricated the prototype and used the technique of sectioning to all the pieces together.
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B.4
TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT
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B.4
TECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT STUDIO AIR/ 027
SELECTED ITERATIONS FROM CASE STUDY 2.0
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1. Shapes Generation
The form is generated after altering the scale of the number in item list.. Points that are created between lines as well as along the rectangle will move as well when the number in the item list changed. I think this form is pottential for my proposal as I tend to make a pavilion that could be use for both shelter and playground for all potential users
2. Edged surface and Section Planes
In the Fallen Star fabrication, sectioning technique is used in order to put the prototype together. With this exploration instead of creating a contour horizontally like how the Fallen Star did, I decided to go vertically in my porposal .
3. Pattern on Surface
This pattern was generated from applying geometry on the surface and what really interest me is that the size of the geometry is crontrolled by a single point that can be move anywhere I want resulting the pattern to change accordingly.
4. Exploring Tools
This pattern on the surface appear to look like honey comb which is very interesting as it could be useful for my prototype section of biomimicry. However I feel that there need to be more exploration of how these honeycomb geometry are connected to each other as suppose to how they can stand as a strong structure.
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B.5
PROTOTYPE
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The technique inspired from case study 2.0 is sectioning as studied in The Fallen Star, the section parts are assembled together with a stick that lays horizontally and goes across each individual pieces. In Fig. 1 shows the top view of the prototype where each pieces have equal distance between each other and it gets wider in the middle part. This is inspired by the pattern studied in the technique development. This prototype is use to study that even when the join in quite strong, the sections can be rotated or move quite flexible.
1. After insterting the stick, 2. The hole in the rectangle I tried to lock by creating a has the same size as the smaller rectangle piece stick hence it fits perfectly as I insert it in
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3. To secure it even more, I create an even smaller square piece with a smaller rectangle hole in the middle of it. The very small rectangle piece that make up the hole is pasted in the stick and paste the the last square piece onto the rectangle.
Design Site Sun path Merri Creek Trail Bicycle/Walk path
SITE ANALYSIS
MERRI CREEK TRAIL
The site is very large as the trail runs approximately 70km from Heathcote Junction to Yarra River (friends of merri creek). During site visit, I observed many activities along the trail such as cycling, jogging, and playing fetch with dogs. I was a little surprise that not many people actually stop and have picnic or do activities inside the site. As it can be seen from Fig. trees are growing along the creek creating a transparrent boundary between the walking path with the creek itself. There are many open spaces along the creek and I chose one of them to be my design site which the nearest to the cycling track. I chose this site because there are many features of the site that inspire my design such as the sloping hill behind the cycling track which I intend to be corporated into my pavilion and would be very important for my design such as flat surface with little contour. STUDIO AIR/ 058
B.6
TECHNIQUE PROPOSAL
LIVING ARCHITECTURE As mention in site analysis, the activities along Merri Creek Tail includes cycling, jogging, walking and playing fetch with dogs. These activities play a very important role in my design proposal and concept because these are my first potential users of my pavilion. i chose to develop my knowledge to design a pavilion because I found pavilion could have multi-function. My design purpose is to create a pavilion that could improve the interaction between the users and the creek itself. Design Intent Furthermore, i want my design to be absolutely sustainable in terms of material and how it would function to refer back to design futuring in A.1. In order to be sustainable I decided to use wood that are locally produced and to use physics reaction technique as the result of users interacting with the pavilion hence there would be no energy needed to generate the movement of the pavilion. The pavilion should be lightweight so that it will not damage the exsistance land and little impact as the result of placing it on the site. Function Intent The function I chose to be part of the pavilion is playground. Why playground?
I feel that playground does not necessarily only for children instead a playground is a place where users, both adults and children, can do activities that could eventually make them feel better or happy. Hence, to satisfy my own design intent the pavilion that I design would have curved surface and with the technique of sectioning it could appear to look like many steps following the curve. These steps could be use for people who love to do exercise such as running and jogging as an equipment where they can run up and down the contoured section. Furthermore it could also be use for people to play fetch with dogs where it could functions like a hill behind the cycling track. And not to forget users who pass by the creek by bicycle, I want my pavilion to have interaction with them as they drive pass through it. Algorithmic Approach After exploring the tools of Grasshopper with Rhino, parametric design made the design intention to be possible. It gives me flexibility in terms of generating the shapes that I would like my pavilion to be though i have not come into a conclusion in the shape of my final design. It also allows me to fabricate it in a more effective way.
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THE CONCEPT MIMOSA PLANT NATURE WITH DEISGN
This is my experiment on how sunlight could affect my pavilion like how mimosa plant react to light. Mimosa plant will open when there is enough light and close at night. The experiment shows that the shadow of my pavilion will allow affected by the sunlight, when light from a specific direction will create an open mimosa shadow while in the first and last picture there is no shadow at all due to the little light.
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Fig. 8.1 Mimosa Plant when open and close
Fig. 8.2 Prototype experiment
Fig. 8.1 : Mimosa plant is the analogy of this proposal. Mimosa is a type of plant that close after touch, this reaction is due to the lost of water in the cell or can be refer as seismonastic reaction which is a reaction of physical shock.[13]This plant also closes at night because of nyctonastic movement which is the reaction to absence of light. This type of reaction is use as an idea of how users might interact with the pavilion. However as I found this biological reaction very challenging to be put into a building, I link this action with the simple law of seesaw in the playground. I found their reaction are similar where seesaw hinges on a pivot point and when forces inserted at one of the side, the opposite side will rise due to the physics of rotation. In Fig. 8.2 is my experiment on how to corporate both seesaw technique with the reaction of mimosa. The outcome was very satisfying as the reaction after force inserted resulting the top part of the pavilion to close. Adapting the concept of mimosa into my design is the result of my development of biomimicry as studied in B.1 which is to implement the technique of nature into my design. This experiment is to create a design that passersby as well as cyclist could interact with the pavilion.
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B.7
LEARNING OBJECTIVES AND OUTCOME
This part of the assignment is based on the feedback given in class by both my tutor and 2 other guests. This is such an important factor because feedback including both suggestions and critiques would help me to improve Part C. Here listed the following suggestion and comments i received upon my presentation: 1. There need to be specific and clear function provided by the design such as a playground 2. There need to be more exploring in dynamic installation which also related to site specific 3. Why this installation need to be on that specific site- could this installation result in users to engange more with the creek 4. Perhaps instal it on the bridge or creek where people does not need to interact directly with the pavilion but still create an interesting atmosphere 5. Explore more on rotation system which is the result of action and reaction of force upon the section pavilion 6. Think about the material more, the current material chosen for the pavilion would not be very effective
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Part B was definitely a more intense learning experience than Part A due to its requirement to explore and push as far as I could on grasshopper and rhino. However this is such a critical part of the assignment as it helps me to find out on what and where I want my assignment to go. Learning grasshopper is clearly not an easy thing to do. Learning grasshopper in two months is defintely a more challenging thing to do. However despite all the struggle, learning and being forced to really explore on this parametric tool is very beneficial because if I were learning it by myself I could just give up and not try to push it as far as I could. Being criticized and see other people’s work inspire me alot to improve my work. Part B also helps me become more comfortable using algorithm (grasshopper) to solve problem in design aspect.
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B.8
ALGORITHMIC SKETCHES
Although I mentioned many times that this is such an intense and difficult learning process, doing reverse engineering and iterating for so many outcomes was very successful in making me more comfortable using both Rhino and Grasshopper. I have learnt such innovative tool allow me to explore on complicated geometries and patterns. In both case study 1.0 and 2.0 I have gained different understanding on biomimicry that i can use for my future design in terms of algorithm and aestethic view.
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PART C
DETAILED DESIGN
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C.1
DESIGN CONCEPT
Design As a Whole The Living Architecture brief suggest to propose an architectural intervention that will express, support, amplify or question continuous relationship between technical, culutural and natural system that will eventually create a new possibility to improve the life or community of the site. Mid Semester Critique + Feedback: 1. There need to be a solid decision on what kind of function the pavilion could provide also who are the main targeted stakeholders 2. The chosen fabricating system and material is being concern because each pieces of the pavilion is made up in different shape and being printed or cut in one material, it could result in a huge material waste. 3. There need to be a strong decision on where the installation would be and clear reasons on why it needs to be installed in that specific area.
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CONCEPT
From the interim critique, there is a signifcant changes made along the design process. The function has been more refine and specific and the concept of moving in respond to the user has also been solved. The fabrication process also been resolved in regards to the possibility of having a lot of material waste as well as the area of the installation. The design concept is to create a platform that could attract the people of Merri Creek which includes passerby, cyclist and everyone else who walk pass or do activities along the path. Along Merri Creek, there are few open spaces which could be an opportunity for these installation.
Having a sense of belonging in a community is very important and so perhaps the design of this installation could give people reasons to stay or to use the space along the creek. The design would provide multiple functions depending on how the uses might want to use it as. The main point of the design is to attract passerby who have no intention to stay or do activities along Merri Creek. The functions chosen meant to improve the open space mainly because these functions are hardly found in the site area. Also as the design has the ability to adapt according to the user needs, it responds to the movement or forces put onto the installation.
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SITE LOCATION
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These two open spaces are the potential site locations because during the site visit, I felt like something is missing from this areas. Merri creek has a very relaxing and peaceful environment where people should be able to enjoy it without feeling intimidated. people should be able to enjoy the spaces along the creek as well as aproaching the creek itself. The large trees along the creek might be a little intimidating as it encloses most of the creek.
MERRI CREEK Hence the design is meant to provide visitors a more comfortable way in approaching and using the spaces along the creek as well as the creek itself.
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INITIAL FUNCTION Initially, the function of the installation was a bench however as the open space are quite large, there is a potential in expanding the design and adding more functions into it to attract more people.
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FUNCTIONAL DIVISION SECTION
HAMMOCK the hammock is designed to allow people to enjoy the creek under the trees. The hammock will be secured on 2 strong trees.
ELEVATION
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PATHWA this pa hammo the gra
AY athway is designed to lead people towards the ock. It is made of flat wodden sections on top of ass.
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BENCH the bench is designed provide a place for poeple to rest and it also moves according to the force put on the user.
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(i)DESIGN PROCESS FOR BENCH
1.
2.
3.
1. Create curves with an angle base of 50 degrees 2. Loft curves 3. Contour curves in an X vector direction and control the nummber of contours. Pick moderate number s between one contour to another is not too small or big 4. Extrude contoured curves
(ii) FABRICATION PROCESS
1. Explode curves
2. Create and extend lines from each points
3. Offset extended lines inside the curve
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4. Offset both lines again inside the curve
5. Fi po th to
4.
so the distance
(ii) FABRICATION GRASSHOPPER
ind intersection 6. Create circle from intersecting points oints from 8 lines hat are perpendicular o each other
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C.2
TECTONIC ELEMENTS & PROTOTYPE
The prototype consist experimental tectonic elements that includes: 1. To create a design that can improve the site 2. To create a design that could respond to the users by movement 3. To provide a relaxing platform for passersby that would attract them to stop and do activities along the creek In a scale of 1:10, the prototype tried to show some clear connection between each elements and as close as possible to the real scale to predict what could be improve in the design itself.
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FACTORY TO SITE
FACTORY FABRICATION Sheets are to be printed and produced in factory, where parts are labelled with numbers and alphabets. Parts to be group according to their alphabets and ready to be assembled on site.
TRANSPORTATION The sheets could be transported in set to the location by truck as the access is only through road and workers may need to carry the sheets to the installation location along the path.
IN SITU ASSEMBLY All parts are ready to be assembled on site where each parts are grouped so there should be less confussion and error.
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DETAILED ASSEMBLY
part 1
part 2
3 mm diameter nuts
1. Each parts are connected with bolt and fastened with nut 2. To make sure that each parts do not move, 4 bolts on each side are required 3. Smallest size of bolt is chosen in order to fit to the strips
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Elastic string that should be check once in every month to maintain its strech quality
Section 1 in waffle grid to be perfectly fit with section two on each spaces. each pieces are numbered to avoid confusion
Section 2, each pieces are labelled with alphabets
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The overall prototype was unstable and it does not look like a bench where people can sit on it. There is definitely wrong with the connection system which need to be either change completely or improve.
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The 3mm diameter bolt fits perfectly in the hole to connect the parts of the section, however the length is the source of the problem. As the bolt is too long, they are stuck with one and another, as a result it resticts any movement. I strongly feel that the bolt is a great connector hence there need to be adjustment of either the thickness of the section or the length of the bolt.
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The long rod also restricts any movement because the hole made is exactly the diameter of the rod. The hole should either be at least a little bit bigger than the diameter of the rod or another connector should replace the rod. Either wise this resulting the whole prototype to be unstable.
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The elastic band connecting the whole sections is too big to be fitted inside the hole made. Because the model is unstable hence making it hard for each section to be position correctly so that each hole from the sections are parallel to each other.
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C.3
FINAL MODEL
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FABRICATION TEMPLATE
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ASSEMBLY PROCEDURE
FABRICATED COMPONENT Printed sheet from the template shown on the left labelled with number and alphabets from fablab.
GROUPING THE PARTS Every pieces are gouped according to their alphabets order. Every alphabets has different shapes and printed 3 times to create one piece of section.
CONNECTING Same 3mm diameter bolt is used to connect the parts and closed with scew glue and nut so that they will not be able to move at any chance.
FINAL CONNECTOR All the sections are connected with elastic band which allow movement for the bench. The final model is very stable as a result of the thickness of every section which is the same thickness of bolt length.
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C.4
LEARNING OBJECTIVES & OUTCOMES
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Before taking studio AIR, I have absolutely no knowledge on parametric design and I was definitely not confident in any 3D computation even with Rhinos software. Studio AIR does not only teach me to explore on parametric design along side with 3D modeling, but also it pushes me to break the wall of my comfort zone. It shows me that a design can be complicated but it needs to be realistic and be able to be fabricated. Perhaps the most challengin part of doing this studio was having so much ideas but not being able to computate it and fabricate it. Perhaps, the final design could be pushed further into a bigger scale where it also functions as a children’s playground and wider space for people to sit and do activities. I would think that it does not necessarily made of timber, it could also be made of transparent acrylic sheet where I could place light buib inside the bench and during at night it will light up and becomes an interesting space where it would light up the surrounding area. During part B, I was still confuse on what kind of function that the design would have as well as putting my idea into grasshopper. It was rather challenging because when I saw precedents from my research, I tried so hard to make my design to be as similar as possible to them. However I realised, the designers of those pavilion with complicated shapes, spent a lot more time than what I had in one semester to really explore on the possiblity of making a great design. My expectations might have lead me into a confuse state where I was almost gave up. After the interim presentation, I gained more feedback and better ideas on how to make it more simple but still ellegant and functional. To conclude, the subject has showed me a way to create a more interesting design and to always push the limit further but never forgets the process where those ideas need to be realistic and possible to be built.
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REFERENCE PART A TEXT [1] Tony Fry, Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (New York Berg, 2009), pp 1-16 [2] Zootopia. (No publication date). Retrieved from http://www.big.dk/#projects-zoo [3] Fabrizi, M. (2014). The Paradox of Nature Preservation: Works by Ilkka Halso. Retrieved from http://socks-studio.com/2014/03/04/ the-paradox-of-nature-preservation-works-by-ilkka-halso/ [4] Chin, A. (2010). Ilkka Helso: Nature Rescue. Retrieved from http://www.designboom. com/art/ilkka-halso-nature-rescue/ [5] Fabrizi, M. (2014). The Paradox of Nature Preservation: Works by Ilkka Halso. Retrieved from http://socks-studio.com/2014/03/04/ the-paradox-of-nature-preservation-works-by-ilkka-halso/
[9] Knippers, J. (2013). From Model Thinking to Process Design. Retrieved from http:// knippershelbig.com/sites/default/files/pdf/ from_model_thinking_to_process_design_ jk_2013.pdf [10] ICD/ITKE Research Pavilion 2010. (no publication date). Retrieved from http:// www.achimmenges.net/?p=4443 [11] Definition of ‘Algorithm’ in Wilson, Robert A. and Frank C. Keil, eds (1999). The MIT Encyclopedia of the Cognitive Sciences (London: MIT Press), pp. 11, 12 [12] Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 [13] Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
[6] Oxman, Rivka and Robert Oxman, eds (2014). Theories of the Digital in Architecture (London; New York: Routledge), pp. 1–10
[14] Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15
[7] Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25
[15] Diva For Rhino. (2014). Retrieved from http://diva4rhino.com/
[8] Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25
[16] Digital Grotesque. (No publication date). Retrieved from http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/digital_grotesque.html?screenSize=1&color=0#10
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REFERENCE PART A IMAGES Fig. 1.1 Experience from inside the traveling tube <Retrieved from http://www.big.dk/#projects-zoo> Fig. 1.2 The overview to Zootopia <Retrieved from from http://www.big.dk/#projects-zoo> Fig. 2.1 Tree Revolution 1, 2008 <Retrieved from http://ilkka.halso.net/> Fig. 2.2 Evolution of Tree, version 2.1 Inside, 2006 <Retrieved from http://ilkka.halso.net/> Fig. 3.1 Overview the airport <Retrieved from http:// www.archdaily.com/472197/shenzhen-bao-an-international-airport-studio-fuksas/> Fig. 3.2 The interior of the airport <Retrieved from http://www.archdaily.com/472197/shenzhen-bao-an-international-airport-studio-fuksas/> Fig. 4.1 Top view of the Pavilion <Retrieved from http://www.achimmenges.net/?p=4443> Fig. 4.2 The bending test of the plywood material <Retrieved from http://www.achimmenges. net/?p=4443> Fig. 5.1 The Interior of Esplanade <Retrieved from http://www.dpa.com.sg/projects/esplanade/> Fig. 5.2 Esplanade Theatre from outside <Retrieved from http://www.dpa.com.sg/projects/esplanade/> Fig, 6.1 <Retrieved from http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/projects/digital_grotesque.html?screenSize=1&color=0#10> Fig. 6.2 The 3D model of Digital Grotesque <Retrieved from http://www.michael-hansmeyer.com/ projects/digital_grotesque.html?screenSize=1&color=0#10> STUDIO AIR/ 113
REFERENCE PART B TEXT [1] Artemel, AJ. (2013). Retrospective: The Incredible inflatable Architecture Of The 1960s, Retrieved from http://architizer.com/blog/ retrospective-the-incredible-inflatable-architecture-of-the-1960s/ [2] O’Dell, H. (2009). The Advantages of Inflatable Structure, Retrieved from http://fabricarchitecturemag.com/articles/rv1009_f1_inflatable.html [3] What is Biomimicry?. (no publication date). Retrieved from http://www.biomimetic-architecture.com/what-is-biomimicry/ [4] Hunter. (2012). TED Talk-janine Benyus, Retrieved from http://www.biomimetic-architecture.com/2012/ted-talk-janine-benyus/ [5] Moon Ji Bang Yap Ballons Museum Seoul Korea. (2014, September). Retrieved from http://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/11/moon-jibang-yap-balloons-museum-seoul-korea/ [6] Holmes, K. (2013). Making The Mundane Cosmic: Meet Modular Designers Aranda\ Lasch, Retrieved from http://thecreatorsproject.vice.com/blog/making-the-mundane-cosmic-meet-modular-designers-arandalasch
[8] The Eden Project: The Biomes. (no publication date). Retrieved from http://grimshaw-architects.com/project/the-eden-project-the-biomes/ [9] The Eden Project: The Biomes. (no publication date). Retrieved from http://grimshaw-architects.com/project/the-eden-project-the-biomes/ [10] The Eden Project. (no publication date). Retrieved from http://grimshaw-architects. com/project/the-eden-project/ [11] Furuto, A. (2012). ‘Fallen Star’ Installation t AA DLAB Visiting School, Retrieved from http:// www.archdaily.com/265116/fallen-star-installation-at-aa-dlab-visiting-school/ [12] Erdine, E. (2012). Student Works: Fallen Star, Retrieved from http://archinect.com/features/ article/56310866/student-works-fallen-star [13] Elizabeth, H. (no publication year). Why Mimosa Plant Close When Touch?, Retrieved from https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080921185915AAcLGFs
[7] Matthew Ritchie with Aranda\Lasch and Arup AGU-The Morning Line. (2008, October). Retrieved from http://www.tba21.org/augarten_activities/49/page_2
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REFERENCE PART B IMAGE Fig. 1 Shinseon Play <Retrieved from http://www. dezeen.com/2014/09/11/moon-ji-bang-yap-balloons-museum-seoul-korea/> Fig. 2.1 Shinseon Play view from top <Retrieved from http://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/11/moonji-bang-yap-balloons-museum-seoul-korea/> Fig. 2.2 Shinseon Play view at night <Retrieved from http://www.dezeen.com/2014/09/11/moonji-bang-yap-balloons-museum-seoul-korea/> Fig. 3 The Morning Line <Retrieved from http:// www.tba21.org/augarten_activities/49/page_2> Fig. 4.1 The Morning Line top view <Retrieved from http://www.tba21.org/augarten_activities/49/page_2> Fig. 4.2 The Morning Line view at night <Retrieved from http://www.tba21.org/augarten_activities/49/page_2> Fig. 5 The Eden Project <Retrieved from http:// grimshaw-architects.com/project/the-edenproject-the-biomes/> Fig. 6.1 The Eden Project sit on the site <Retrieved from http://grimshaw-architects.com/ project/the-eden-project/> Fig. 6.2 The Eden Project at night <Retrieved from http://grimshaw-architects.com/project/ the-eden-project/> Fig. 7 The Fallen Star <Retrieved from http:// www.archdaily.com/265116/fallen-star-installation-at-aa-dlab-visiting-school/> Fig. 8.1 Mimosa plan when open and close < https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080921185915AAcLGFs> STUDIO AIR/ 115