Portfolio of selected academic and professional work - Dr. Mohannad Bayoumi

Portfolio of projects and academic activities Assoc. Prof. Dr-Ing. Mohannad Bayoumi B.Arch, M.Arch, M.Sc-ClimaDesign Architect and Associate Professor for Energy Efficiency and Building Integrated Renewable Energy mohannad.bayoumi@gmail.com

Table of content 1.

Selected work from PRACTICE

3

1.1. Investigation of thermal comfort in covered “street passages”, Hamburg, Germany

4

1.2. KAU Royal Gallery (extension to existing convention center) - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

5

1.3. Faculty of environmental design, Girls campus - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

6

1.4. KAU THEATER - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

8

1.5. German pavillion for Expo Milano, Milan,Italy

9

1.6. Prince Khaled Alfaisal Institute for Moderation - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

10

1.7. Faculty of environmental design, Girls campus - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

11

1.8. Living on the river Spree residential and hotel high-rise buildings, Berlin, Germany

13

1.9. Paracelsus swimming pools facilities, Salzburg, Austria

14

1.10. Hotel complex - Makkah, Saudi Arabia

15

1.11. Net zero energy residential prototype - Munich, Germany

16

1.12. Office building - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

17

1.13. Upgrading the image JIC Design school - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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1.14. KAU-Mosque for the housing zone- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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1.15. KAU-Wind tunnel and Hydraulics laboratories - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

20

1.16. Urban Farming concept for Alhajrain residential compound - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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1.17. Infrastructure planning of a mixed use development, China

22

1.18. Office highrise building - Frankfurt, Germany

23

2.

24

Selected STUDENT work

2.1. Revitalizing The Core | Concept for the development of Historic Jeddah

25

2.2. Boutique Hotel in Historic Jeddah

26

2.3. Nasseef cultural center in Historic Jeddah

27

2.4. Reuse of an existing office building in Historic Jeddah

28

2.5. Fine Art Center in Historic Jeddah

29

2.6. Mitigating CO2 concentration in classrooms, using adjacent corridors and atriums

30

2.7. Methods to reduce CO2-concentration in classrooms using hybrid ventilation

31

2.8. Façade integrated shading and light reflection devices to improve classroom visual comfort

32

2.9. Project-1: Planar house - Course: Working Drawings

33

2.10. Project-2: Cantilever house - Course: Working Drawings

36

2.11. Project-3: Linear house - Course: Working Drawings

39

2.12. Vertical extension of the Faculty of Architecture and Planning

41

2.13. Start-up and business acceleration units-KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

42

3.

43

Selected RESEARCH work

3.1. Grading Cloud System

44

3.2. PhD research overview: Plus-Energie Hochhäuser in der subtropischen Klimaregion

46

3.3. M.Sc. Thesis: Optimizing the hgih-rise facade

48

3.4. Improving Natural Ventilation Conditions on Semi-Outdoor and Indoor Levels in Warm–Humid Climates

53

3.5. Method to Integrate Radiant Cooling with Hybrid Ventilation to Improve Energy Efficiency and Avoid Condensation in Hot, Humid Environments

54

3.6. Revitializing the central plaza “Freiheitsplatz” - Hanau, Germany

56

3.7. Residential complex - Sedrun, Switzerland

57

3.8. Media complex - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

58

3.9. TV and studio tower- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

59

61

1. Selected work from PRACTICE

1.1. Investigation of thermal comfort in covered “street passages”, Hamburg, Germany Development of a low-tech climatization concept for extreme cold temperatures Form optimization to avoid windchill temperatures Credits: Mohannad, Bayoumi, HL-Technik, Chapman Taylor Architektur und Städtebau, Düsseldorf

Klaus Daniels Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. e.h.

Mohannad BayoumiWind M.Sc. chillClimaDesign (popularly wind chill factor) is the perceived

decrease in air temperature felt by the body on exposed skin due to the flow of cold air.

Rahmenbedingungen Simulationsnummer

[-]

Windrichtung

[-]

O

Windrichtung

[-]

W

Mohannad Bayoumi M.Sc. ClimaDesign [-] Windrichtung

S

Klaus Daniels Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. e.h.

1.1.1. Mass model of the shopping center and the surroundig structures

n

1.1.4. Außenlufttemperatur Thermal comfort analysis with to [°C]respect -10 n wind velocity and air temperature in halls and outdoor spaces Klaus Daniels Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. e.h.

Mohannad Bayoumi M.Sc. ClimaDesign

Significantly increased wind velocity

Außenlufttemperatur

[°C]

Rahmenbedingungen

East- West

[-]

[m/s]F16 4

Windrichtung Windgeschwindigkeit

[-]

O [m/s]

Windrichtung

[-]

W

Windrichtung

[-]

S

N-SAußenlufttemperatur Durchquerung Simulationsmodell

[-] [°C]

Windrichtung O-W Durchquerung Außenlufttemperatur

[-] [°C] O30[-]

Windgeschwindigkeit

Außenlufttemperatur Fußbodenheizung N-S Durchquerung Außenlufttemperatur O-W Durchquerung

Rahmenbedingungen [-]

Windrichtung

[-]

O

Windrichtung

[-]

W

Windrichtung

[-]

S

Außenlufttemperatur

[°C]

-10

Außenlufttemperatur

[°C]

30

Windgeschwindigkeit

[m/s]

4

[m/s]

8

Windschürze N-S Durchquerung

V

XV

XV

8

n n

[-]CW -10 n

n

[-]

Ladenabluft berücksichtigt

n

Windgeschwindigkeit

Fußbodenheizung

Windschürze

V

n

n

n

n

[°C] [-] -10 [-] nn

n

[°C] [-] 30

Hotel Landundgsbrücke (gebaut) Windgeschwindigkeit [m/s][-]

F16

8

S [-]

[-]

[m/s] [-]

[-]

nn

4

n

8

n

n

A

XV VII

Temperatur [°C]

Simulationsnummer

Windgeschwindigkeit

[m/s]

Windrichtung Ladenabluft berücksichtigt [-] Windschürze

V

n

[-]

Windgeschwindigkeit Windrichtung [-][m/s] W 4[-] n Hotel Landundgsbrücke (gebaut)

Klaus Daniels Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. e.h.

Mohannad Bayoumi M.Sc. ClimaDesign

VII

30

Windgeschwindigkeit Simulationsnummer

Windschürze Rahmenbedingungen

East- West

n

[-]

n

[-]

n

O-W Durchquerung

[-]

Hotel Landundgsbrücke (gebaut)

[-]

n

Ladenabluft berücksichtigt

[-]

n

Fußbodenheizung

[-]

n

B

Schnittebene A-A Temperatur [°C]

Schnittebene A-A

<-10

Temperatur [°C] <-10

-4

1

7

1.1.3. Significantly improved wind conditions after development of the building form and integration of wind protection on the side entrances.

A

Significant increase in temperature at human Schnittebene A-A height can be seen after closing the side Temperatur [°C] at both entrances and installing wind aprons A A <-10 entrances. Yet with such extremely low-tech solution, coats are required to be worn.

1.8

3.6

5.3

7.1

8.9

10.7

12.4

14.2

16+

23

7 29

Schnittebene A-A

A

-4

A

1

7

-10 12

-4

18

1.1.5. Impact of applying the solution in 1.1.3 on the local temperature Schnittposition

1

237

Air temperature [° C]

Wind velocity [m/s]

4

1 18

Längsschnitt A-A

I

0

-4 12

B

VII

1.1.2. Suboptimal condition as high velocity wind flows through the shopping passage. In winter this does not meet comfort requirements.

F16

12 29

23 34 29

>4034

40

1.2. KAU Royal Gallery (extension to existing convention center) - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Bird Eye Perspective

Design development of healthy, efficient, stimulating and environmentally friendly learn, work environment in the Girls Campus of King Abdulaziz University. Status: Under construction.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Siraj Mandourah, Hossam Farghal, Albaraa Ghabban, Feras Balkhi

Project Overview The project is an extension of the King Faisal Conference Center in the northern region behind the theater which is located on the axis that connects the main entrance of the university with the Higher management of the university.The project focuses on designing a reception hall to welcome the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and dignitaries. The project will include a reception hall, a multipurpose showroom and a royal waiting room.

Schematic Design The main distribution of the main spaces of the project consists of three main spaces: the internal exhibition area and the service area, such as elevators, etc. and the outer envelope area.

It has been distributed to ensure the efficiency of the space and to ensure access to the largest indoor space is open for display as follows: The outer cover contains the afforestation area, the plants as well as the structural load area, the medium cover contents services, the toilets, the vertical movement, and the inner space as the main open exhibtion area without internal columns.

1.2.2. Bird’s eye view of the proposed building and the surrounding structures

1.2.1. Schematic plan of the proposed extension building

1.2.3. Interior view of the gallery showing the column-free space

1.2.6. Image from the construction site showing the newly finished post-tension long span beams

5

1.2.4. Street view showing the green skin of the gallery

1.2.5. View of the new entrance between both structures

6.0

1.3. Faculty of environmental design, Girls campus - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

Design development of healthy, efficient, stimulating and environmentally friendly learn, work environment in the Girls

6.13 EXTERIOR VIEW FROM THE ART SQUARE Campus of King Abdulaziz University.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Ayman Alitani, Nayef Alnajjar, Mohammed Eid, Rayan Sahahiri, Abdulkader Aljeelani

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

6.0

6.8 THREE DIMENSIONAL SECTION THROUGH THE URBAN CANYON

1.3.3. Conceptual massing of the building skylight

bridging space

office spaces / classrooms / studios

english court

urban canyon entrance

6.0

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

6.7 LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH THE URBAN CANYON 3.0

CONCEPT

48

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

3.1 Human BUILDING MASS6.10 AND INTERNAL COURT 1.3.1. eye perspective INTERIOR VIEW OF THE ATRIUM FROM THE WEST GATE 6.0

reception

1.3.4. Sectional perspective

In warm-humid zones it is recommended to consider separated and scattered buildings with free spaces between them to utilize air flow. In the proposed design for FED, buildings are grouped close together to give some shade to each other and to provide shady narrow streets and small cool spaces between them. Having believed that buildings must touch earth gently, one challenge one has to deal with when designing the masses of the building is the creation of a massive structure that provides adequate shade while it is completely penetrated and has light impact on the environment.

45°

Entrance (1)

Entrance (2)

Entrance (3)

skylight

N

+ 20700

Atriums have many advantages as a building form over conventional modern building configurations.

Atrium buildings appeal to people not only logically, but also emotionally by providing a connection to the outside inside. By bringing natural light into the interior, atriums offer larger, more efficient floor areas than conventional buildings. Atriums provide more desirable work environments by providing more space with a connection to natural daylight and the outside environment. Many believe that access to natural full spectrum lighting creates a more healthful and productive environment. There have been several studies that support this view.

The complexity of atrium design does not lend itself to prescriptive standards, but sound life safety principles must be incorporated into every atrium design. Good atrium design will maximize the natural environment to minimize energy consumption (wbdg.org).

1.3.2. The three basic masses surrounding the central atrium and entrance lounge

While providing daylight via the atrium is importans, it is strictly important not to end up with a large surface are of glass that is exposed to direct horizontal solar radiation. The use of waffle slab to control the openings would be a good approach to be investigated.

6

internal bridge

43

+ 25500

bridging space

mechanical space

+ 15900

+ 11100

waffle slab towards GRT station

+ 6300

+ 1500 -+ 0

-3300

For the FED building a three sided atrium is considered. It abuts three sides of the occupied portion of the structure and connects the building with the urban surroundings. Natural light as it pertains to atriums is a basic element of the design.

The light within the atrium as well as the light transmitted to the adjoining occupied space forms an essential part of the design.

67°

technical facilites

building services and technical facilities

workshop / storage

office spaces / classrooms / studios

45

atrium

urban canyon

1.3.5. Section through the urban canyon 41

15

5.0

4.4 WIND FLOW ON THE GROUND FLOOR LEVEL

MODULAR SYSTEM AND EFFICIENCY OF SPACE

velocity [m/s] > 3.00

5.2 POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS AND USES

2.50 velocity [m/s]

Design tables (computer + drawing)

Lockers Wall cabinets

Modular design of educational spaces offers great deal of flexibility and cost effectiveness. A correlation between the minimum required area for a university classroom and a design studio should be investigated. Assuming a design studio will be run by two tutors, each is responsible for 12 students (recommended!), a studio room should occupy a minimum of 24 students. After identifying the dimensions of the basic modular unit that ergonomically fits a certain number of students in their design studio atmosphere, several units can be multiplied to form one basic studio unit. A single module small module fits six students.

Concentrating building services and ductwork in the ceiling area over the corridor is a method to achieve high ceilings in the office, classrooms and studio areas.

Credits:

1/2 module = 1 studio year

1 module = 1 classroom 2 modules = 1 studio

A waffle slab gives a substance significantly more structural stability without using a lot of additional material. This makes is relatively thinner than conventional slabs. It is possible to create openings through the slabs for skylights for instance. Lighting fixtures can be incorporated in the pocket of the slab.

7.20 m

Typical classroom

om

Classro

Studio

Service

B

1 B

General organization

Typical section

1.3.6. Modular system, flexibility and possible functions - Integration of structural and mechanical systems into the architectural context CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS 4.0

MODULAR SYSTEM AND EFFICIENCY OF SPACE

09:00

31

3

[m] 3

Daylight factor: 3

5

1 [m] 3 0

Daylight factor:

light transmission grade (t) = 50% MODEL-A1: Section B-B

-2

5.3.2. Simulation of illuminance using onlySimulation daylight model

Average daylight ratio 5034 Dav Recommended ratio-DIN

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

[m]

Dmax :14.5

Daylight factor [%] Average daylight ratio 7.5 daylight 5 ratio 3 Minimum Maximum daylight ratio

Dav :3.4 2 :1 1.5 Dmin Dmax :14.5

Daylight factor [%]

7.5

-2

-1

5

3

total shade 19:00

12:00

5.3.3. Simulation of illuminance using daylight and artificial light (8x 6400 lm)

S 1.3.7. Optimizing the typical window for the working hours of the faculty

7

An effective way of preventing uncomfortable conditions in the extreme case of morning summer east sun in Jeddah is to intercept the sun’s rays before contact with the glass.

Shading can dramatically reduce the solar heat gain and glare, significantly reducing air conditioning and comfort control costs.

60°

Illuminance [lx]:

50

28

75

Illuminance [lx]:

100

150

200

100

150

200

300

500

300

500

1.3.9. Minimizing the use of artifitcial lighting through the efficient utilization of natural light Illuminance [lx]:

50

75

Illuminance [lx]:

100

150

200

1.5

illuminance using daylight and artificial light (8x 6400 lm)

12:00

09:00

2

05.3.3.

1 Simulation 2 3 4 of [m]

09:00

DECEM BER

:3.4

Maximum daylight ratio

hopper casement window

MBER

≥ 0.95%

(in the middle of the room): Dmin≥ 0.95% Minimum daylight ratio :1 MODEL-B2: Section B-B

2 -1

5.3.2. Simulation of illuminance using only daylight

E

5

Recommended ratio-DIN 5034

-3

protection from direct solar radiation

4

(in the middle of the room): 1.3.8. Optimizing ground floor massing for cross ventilation and improvement of thermal comfort MODEL-B2: Section B-B MODEL-A1: B-B and assessment of 5.3.1.Section Simulation in a typical studio unit 2 daylight factor

-1

4.20 m

louvers needed until 11:30

4

3

0 -3

protecting glass apron

de The ab major a lot toi supply hand, building air exc The ab psycho a lot to saving. hand, warm building does n air excd case, psycho mainta saving. temper Eo = 10.000warm lux cores does areas n case, occursd mainta design Df = 2%temper elimina cores speedEo = 10.000areas lux poi test Ei = 20 lux occurs ground design square elimina option Df = 2%speed which m test poi Ei = 20 lux ground square option which m

5.3 ANALYSIS OF DAYLIGHT AVAILABITY AND VISUAL COMFORT

light transmission grade (t) = 50%

possible daylight penetration

inside

SEPTE

MODEL-B2: Ground floor [slice height 2 m]

MODEL-A1: Ground floor [slice height 2 m]

Simulation model

19:00

0.50

0.00

flexible louvers

W

1.00 0.00

MODEL-B2: B Ground floor [slice height 2 m]

1 -2

outside

B

2

MODEL-A1: B Ground floor [slice height 2 m]

N

E

1.50 0.50

5.3.1. and assessment daylight factor in aOF typical studio unit MODULAR SYSTEMofAND EFFICIENCY SPACE 5.0Simulation

4.8 FUNCTIONALITY OF BOX-TYPE WINDOW

J UN

1

cores

B

2

2.00 1.00

B

3

2.40 m

Typical computer lab

19:00

2

B

Lab

Return

metal window frame (functions as shading device too)

2.50 1.50

5.3 ANALYSIS OF DAYLIGHT AVAILABITY AND VISUAL COMFORT

4.35

2.70

om

2

5.0

1.65 4.80

Classro

1 cores

Building services

0.45

r Semina room 7.20 m

1

Supply

Core

Typical seminar room

> 3.00 2.00

In this ground shown ground wind flo In this wind co ground the cha shown weathe ground norther wind air in flo th wind co (1), one the cha this is weathe The res norther potenti air in th velocity (1), one urban s this is expect The res potenti velocity Model urban s expect The de major i Model supply

100

150

200

1.4. KAU THEATER - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Theater building design in the Girls Campus of King Abdulaziz University. Status: Cancelled.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Hossam Farghal, Albaraa Ghabban, Siraj Mandourah

Location : Female Campus - Main Axis Function : Theater Area : 4,466 sqm Year : Dec. 2017

Project overview Among the ongoing developments of the university for female students campus, the establishment of a special theater for students serves events and special events, and be a competitor to the major halls of the university.

The built-up area of the project is 4,466 square meters and has a theater that accommodates approximately 1600 spectator and more than 10 classrooms with a total capacity of 1,000.

Ground floor The ground floor has three main entrances for visitors to the building, connecting the floors with an escalator to facilitate movement and not wait for theater users. The building has more than 10 classrooms of different sizes to accommodate the largest number of users.

01- Main Entrance 02- Secondry Entrance 03- VIP Entrance 04- Seminars mass 05- Core mass 06- Meeting room 07- The Stage 08- Back stage

1.4.2. Basic functions of the building

1.4.3.

Section showing the basic functional distribution of the building PERSPECTIVES

1.4.1. Ground floor plan on site of the proposed theater building

8

17 1.4.4.

Exterior perspective view

1.4.5. Accessibility concept

Gebäudekategorie 3

min

26,36

[°C]

max

33,36

[°C]

min

25,36

[°C]

1.5. German pavillion for Expo Milano 2015, Milan,Italy Development of a passive climatization concept for a temporary building that will be located in the hot-humid climate of Milan.

Competition - 1st prize

Source :

Schmidhuber + Kaindl GmbH

Credits: Mohannad, Bayoumi, HL-Technik, Schmidhuber + Kaindl GmbH, Munich

1.5.1. Exterior view Der of the Außenbereich entrance spaces Deutscher Pavillon EXPO 2015 Mailand | 1. Thematisch-inhaltliches Konzept | 29.01.2013 | Seite 87

Raum: Pre-Show Luftmenge: 3000 m³/h

Exhibition spaces Ausstellungsräume

Raum: Umkleide 1 Luftmenge: 1125 m³/h Profil: 0,4 x 0,4 m Anlage (5_1)

Klaus Daniels Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. e.h.

Mohannad Bayoumi B.Arch., M.Arch., M.Sc. ClimaDesign Klaus Daniels Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. e.h.

Mohannad Bayoumi B.Arch., M.Arch., M.Sc. ClimaDesign

1.5.4. 3-D section showing the temperature distribution in an exhibition space

(per Mischlüftung von oben durch eine Lochdecke) Profil: 0,30 m x 0,70 m (Höhe) Luftgeschwindigkeit: 4 m/s Anlage (2)

Raum: Ausstellung Luftmenge: 3860 m³/h Profil: 0,85 x 0,85 m Anlage (2)

Klaus Daniels Prof. em. Dr.-Ing. e.h.

Mohannad Bayoumi B.Arch., M.Arch., M.Sc. ClimaDesign

(Lüftung per Treibstrahl)

33 31 29 27 25 23 Room air temperature [° C]

20

18

16

14

12

10

33 31 29 27 25 23 Room air temperature [° C]

20

18

16

14

12

10

Raum: Warme Küche (1 Kanal) Luftmenge: 2100 m³/h Profil: 2100/(3600 x 4) = 0,4 x 0,4 m Anlage (1)

B

Zuluft Raum: Warme Küche Luftwechsel: 35 1/h Luftmenge: 4200 m³/h Profil: 4200/(3600 x 4) = 0,55 x 0,55 m Anlage (1)

Hauptversorgung (Ausstellung und Restaurant) 8420 m³/h - Profil: 1,30 x 1,30 m

A

Raum: Spülküche Luftmenge: 1200 m³/h Profil: 1200/(3600 x 4) = 0,3 x 0,3 m Anlage (1)

Raum: warme Küche Luftmenge (Abluft): 4200 m³/h Profil: 0,30 m² = 0,55 x 0,55 m Anlage (1)

Bild 3.2.2

B

Raum: kalte Küche Luftmenge (Abluft): 900 m³/h Profil: 0,25 x 0,25 m Anlage (1)

Zuluft

Raum: Restaurant Luftmenge: 38 Tische x 6 Personen =228 Personen x 20 m³/h =4560 m³/h Ausblaslänge: 17 m !

Profil: 0,85 m x 0,85 m Anlage (2)

Raum: Kalte Küche Luftmenge: 900 m³/h Profil: 0,25 x 0,25 m

Abluft

Raum: Umkleide 2 Luftmenge: 270 m³/h Profil: 0,2 x 0,2 m

Abluftgerät Luftmenge (Abluft): 5400 m³/h Maße: 0,80 x 0,80 m Anlage (1)

Raum: Spülküche Luftmenge (Abluft): 1200 m³/h Profil: 0,08 m² = 0,3 x 0,3 m Anlage (1)

Restaurant Restaurant

Bild 3.2.6

Schnitt A Temperatur

Bild 3.2.6

Schnitt A Temperatur

Bild 3.2.6

Schnitt A Temperatur

(Lüftung per Treibstrahl)

1.5.5. Air temperature is within comfort limits

A

Schnitt A -Temperaturverlauf

Raum: Umkleide 2 Luftmenge: 270 m³/h Profil: 0,2 x 0,2 m Anlage (5_2)

1.5.2. A portion of the ground floor plan showing the exhibition space and the semi-opened restaurant Abluft Abluft

Façade Latticework Fassadengitter

Zuluft

Raum: Umkleide 3 Luftmenge: 580 m³/h Profil: 0,3 x 0,3 m Anlage (5_3)

Abluft Zuluft

Abluft Raum: WC 1 Luftmenge: 375 m³/h Profil: 0,25 x 0,25 m Anlage (5_4)

Bild 3.2.5

Schnitt A Luftströmung

Bild 3.2.5

Schnitt A Luftströmung

Bild 3.2.4

Schnitt A Luftgeschwindigkeit

1.5.6. Bild 3.2.5 Air velocity at human heights are acceptable Schnitt A Luftströmung Air inlet Lufteinlass

4.0 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 Air velocity [m/s]

EG 1:200

Outside Außenbereich

Inside Innenbereich

1.5.7. Bild 3.2.4 The airSchnitt flowA Luftgeschwindigkeit in the left lattice structure helps recirculate the inlet air Bild 3.2.4

Schnitt A Luftgeschwindigkeit

4.0 3.7 3.4 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 Air velocity [m/s]

1.5.3. Air jet induced (low-tech) climate control in semi-open spaces (e.g., restaurant) 8 8

9

8

1.6. Prince Khaled Alfaisal Institute for Moderation - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Design of a multifunctional classroom building - King Abdulaziz University.

Status: Under construction.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Siraj Mandourah, Feras Balkhi

Location: KAU- Jeddah - KSA Area : 3,580 sqm Year : 2019

Ground floor

First floor

10

Second floor

6.0

1.7. Faculty of environmental design, Girls campus - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

Design development of healthy, efficient, stimulating and environmentally friendly learn, work environment in the Girls

6.13 EXTERIOR VIEW FROM THE ART SQUARE Campus of King Abdulaziz University.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Ayman Alitani, Nayef Alnajjar, Mohammed Eid, Rayan Sahahiri, Abdulkader Aljeelani

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

6.0

6.8 THREE DIMENSIONAL SECTION THROUGH THE URBAN CANYON

1.7.3. Conceptual massing of the building skylight

bridging space

office spaces / classrooms / studios

english court

urban canyon entrance

6.0

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

6.7 LONGITUDINAL SECTION THROUGH THE URBAN CANYON 3.0

CONCEPT

48

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWINGS

3.1 Human BUILDING MASS6.10 AND INTERNAL COURT 1.7.1. eye perspective INTERIOR VIEW OF THE ATRIUM FROM THE WEST GATE 6.0

reception

1.7.4. Sectional perspective

In warm-humid zones it is recommended to consider separated and scattered buildings with free spaces between them to utilize air flow. In the proposed design for FED, buildings are grouped close together to give some shade to each other and to provide shady narrow streets and small cool spaces between them. Having believed that buildings must touch earth gently, one challenge one has to deal with when designing the masses of the building is the creation of a massive structure that provides adequate shade while it is completely penetrated and has light impact on the environment.

45°

Entrance (1)

Entrance (2)

Entrance (3)

skylight

N

+ 20700

Atriums have many advantages as a building form over conventional modern building configurations.

Atrium buildings appeal to people not only logically, but also emotionally by providing a connection to the outside inside. By bringing natural light into the interior, atriums offer larger, more efficient floor areas than conventional buildings. Atriums provide more desirable work environments by providing more space with a connection to natural daylight and the outside environment. Many believe that access to natural full spectrum lighting creates a more healthful and productive environment. There have been several studies that support this view.

The complexity of atrium design does not lend itself to prescriptive standards, but sound life safety principles must be incorporated into every atrium design. Good atrium design will maximize the natural environment to minimize energy consumption (wbdg.org).

1.7.2. The three basic masses surrounding the central atrium and entrance lounge

While providing daylight via the atrium is importans, it is strictly important not to end up with a large surface are of glass that is exposed to direct horizontal solar radiation. The use of waffle slab to control the openings would be a good approach to be investigated.

11

internal bridge

43

+ 25500

bridging space

mechanical space

+ 15900

+ 11100

waffle slab towards GRT station

+ 6300

+ 1500 -+ 0

-3300

For the FED building a three sided atrium is considered. It abuts three sides of the occupied portion of the structure and connects the building with the urban surroundings. Natural light as it pertains to atriums is a basic element of the design.

The light within the atrium as well as the light transmitted to the adjoining occupied space forms an essential part of the design.

67°

technical facilites

building services and technical facilities

workshop / storage

office spaces / classrooms / studios

45

atrium

urban canyon

1.7.5. Section through the urban canyon 41

15

5.0

4.4 WIND FLOW ON THE GROUND FLOOR LEVEL

MODULAR SYSTEM AND EFFICIENCY OF SPACE

velocity [m/s] > 3.00

5.2 POSSIBLE FUNCTIONS AND USES

2.50 velocity [m/s]

Design tables (computer + drawing)

Lockers Wall cabinets

1/2 module = 1 studio year

Modular design of educational spaces offers great deal of flexibility and cost effectiveness. A correlation between the minimum required area for a university classroom and a design studio should be investigated. Assuming a design studio will be run by two tutors, each is responsible for 12 students (recommended!), a studio room should occupy a minimum of 24 students. After identifying the dimensions of the basic modular unit that ergonomically fits a certain number of students in their design studio atmosphere, several units can be multiplied to form one basic studio unit. A single module small module fits six students.

Concentrating building services and ductwork in the ceiling area over the corridor is a method to achieve high ceilings in the office, classrooms and studio areas.

1 module = 1 classroom 2 modules = 1 studio

A waffle slab gives a substance significantly more structural stability without using a lot of additional material. This makes is relatively thinner than conventional slabs. It is possible to create openings through the slabs for skylights for instance. Lighting fixtures can be incorporated in the pocket of the slab.

7.20 m

Typical classroom

om

Classro

Studio

Service

B

1 B

General organization

Typical section

1.7.6. Modular system, flexibility and possible functions - Integration of structural and mechanical systems into the architectural context CLIMATIC CONSIDERATIONS 4.0

MODULAR SYSTEM AND EFFICIENCY OF SPACE

09:00

31

3

[m] 3

Daylight factor: 3

5

1 [m] 3 0

Daylight factor:

light transmission grade (t) = 50% MODEL-A1: Section B-B

-2

5.3.2. Simulation of illuminance using onlySimulation daylight model

Average daylight ratio 5034 Dav Recommended ratio-DIN

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

[m]

Dmax :14.5

Daylight factor [%] Average daylight ratio 7.5 daylight 5 ratio 3 Minimum Maximum daylight ratio

Dav :3.4 2 :1 1.5 Dmin Dmax :14.5

Daylight factor [%]

7.5

-2

-1

5

3

total shade 19:00

12:00

5.3.3. Simulation of illuminance using daylight and artificial light (8x 6400 lm)

S 1.7.7. Optimizing the typical window for the working hours of the faculty

12

An effective way of preventing uncomfortable conditions in the extreme case of morning summer east sun in Jeddah is to intercept the sun’s rays before contact with the glass.

Shading can dramatically reduce the solar heat gain and glare, significantly reducing air conditioning and comfort control costs.

60°

Illuminance [lx]:

50

28

75

Illuminance [lx]:

100

150

200

100

150

200

300

500

300

500

1.7.9. Minimizing the use of artifitcial lighting through the efficient utilization of natural light Illuminance [lx]:

50

75

Illuminance [lx]:

100

150

200

1.5

illuminance using daylight and artificial light (8x 6400 lm)

12:00

09:00

2

05.3.3.

1 Simulation 2 3 4 of [m]

09:00

DECEM BER

:3.4

Maximum daylight ratio

hopper casement window

MBER

≥ 0.95%

(in the middle of the room): Dmin≥ 0.95% Minimum daylight ratio :1 MODEL-B2: Section B-B

2 -1

5.3.2. Simulation of illuminance using only daylight

E

5

Recommended ratio-DIN 5034

-3

protection from direct solar radiation

4

(in the middle of the room): 1.7.8. Optimizing ground floor massing for cross ventilation and improvement of thermal comfort MODEL-B2: Section B-B MODEL-A1: B-B and assessment of 5.3.1.Section Simulation in a typical studio unit 2 daylight factor

-1

4.20 m

louvers needed until 11:30

4

3

0 -3

protecting glass apron

de The ab major a lot toi supply hand, building air exc The ab psycho a lot to saving. hand, warm building does n air excd case, psycho mainta saving. temper Eo = 10.000warm lux cores does areas n case, occursd mainta design Df = 2%temper elimina cores speedEo = 10.000areas lux poi test Ei = 20 lux occurs ground design square elimina option Df = 2%speed which m test poi Ei = 20 lux ground square option which m

5.3 ANALYSIS OF DAYLIGHT AVAILABITY AND VISUAL COMFORT

light transmission grade (t) = 50%

possible daylight penetration

inside

SEPTE

MODEL-B2: Ground floor [slice height 2 m]

MODEL-A1: Ground floor [slice height 2 m]

Simulation model

19:00

0.50

0.00

flexible louvers

W

1.00 0.00

MODEL-B2: B Ground floor [slice height 2 m]

1 -2

outside

B

2

MODEL-A1: B Ground floor [slice height 2 m]

N

E

1.50 0.50

5.3.1. and assessment daylight factor in aOF typical studio unit MODULAR SYSTEMofAND EFFICIENCY SPACE 5.0Simulation

4.8 FUNCTIONALITY OF BOX-TYPE WINDOW

J UN

1

cores

B

2

2.00 1.00

B

3

2.40 m

Typical computer lab

19:00

2

B

Lab

Return

metal window frame (functions as shading device too)

2.50 1.50

5.3 ANALYSIS OF DAYLIGHT AVAILABITY AND VISUAL COMFORT

4.35

2.70

om

2

5.0

1.65 4.80

Classro

1 cores

Building services

0.45

r Semina room 7.20 m

1

Supply

Core

Typical seminar room

> 3.00 2.00

In this ground shown ground wind flo In this wind co ground the cha shown weathe ground norther wind air in flo th wind co (1), one the cha this is weathe The res norther potenti air in th velocity (1), one urban s this is expect The res potenti velocity Model urban s expect The de major i Model supply

100

150

200

1.8. Living on the river Spree residential and hotel high-rise buildings, Berlin, Germany Assessing the impact of wind pressure on the facades and the potential of roof integrated vertical axis wind turbines.

Source :

Pysal Architekten

Credits: Mohannad, Bayoumi, HL-Technik, Pysall Architekten, Berlin

1.8.3. Positions of the recommended vertical axis wind turbines on the building

1.8.1. Exterior view of the buildings

Windhäufigkeit [h/a]

1123 1841 1814 1531 1103 825 518 340 1123 1841 1814 1531 1103 825 518 340 Wind velocity at reference height [m/s]

dP local (Pa)

Windgeschwindigkeit an der Referenzhöhe [m/s]

1,5

2,5

3,5

4,5

5,5

6,5

7,5

8,5

6 1,5 5 6 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 3 4 3 3 3 3 2 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 -1 0

16 2,5 15 16 14 15 13 14 12 13 11 12 9 11 8 9 7 8 6 7 5 6 4 5 3 4 1 3 0 1 -1 0 -2 -1

32 3,5 30 32 27 30 25 27 23 25 21 23 18 21 16 18 14 16 12 14 9 12 7 9 5 7 3 5 1 3 -2 1 -4 -2

53 4,5 49 53 45 49 42 45 38 42 34 38 30 34 27 30 23 27 19 23 16 19 12 16 8 12 5 8 1 5 -3 1 -6 -3

79 5,5 73 79 68 73 62 68 57 62 51 57 46 51 40 46 35 40 29 35 23 29 18 23 12 18 7 12 1 7 -4 1 -10 -4

110 6,5 102 110 94 102 87 94 79 87 71 79 64 71 56 64 48 56 41 48 33 41 25 33 17 25 10 17 2 10 -6 2 -14 -6

146 7,5 136 146 126 136 115 126 105 115 95 105 85 95 74 85 64 74 54 64 43 54 33 43 23 33 13 23 2 13 -8 2 -18 -8

188 8,5 174 188 161 174 148 161 135 148 122 135 109 122 96 109 83 96 69 83 56 69 43 56 29 43 16 29 3 16 -10 3 -23 -10

-2

wind pressure on the-37 facades -5Local-11 -18 -26 -49

-63

-1 -1 -2 -1 -2 -2

-3 -2 -4 -3 -5 -4

-6 -4 -8 -6 -11 -8

-10 -6 -14 -10 -18 -14

-15 -10 -21 -15 -26 -21

-21 -14 -29 -21 -37 -29

-28 -18 -38 -28 -49 -38

West - East

Source :

Wind frequency [h/a]

HL-Technik

West - East

1.8.4. Wind velocity over the building (section height: 120 m)

West - East

West - East

-36 -23 -49 -36 -63 -49

Lokaler Winddruck auf den Hochhausfassaden

P > 30 Pa or < -30 Pa P > 30 Pa or < -30 Pa Above or below that pressure difference, doors are possibly inoperable

1.8.5. Vertical distribution of wind velocity

Oberhalb oder unterhalbe des gezeigten Differenzdrucks sind Türen u.U. nicht öffenbar

1.8.2. Wind pressure analysis on the high-rise façade Wind velocity [m/s]

13

1.9. Paracelsus swimming pools facilities, Salzburg, Austria Avoiding facade condensation and air draft while providing the appropriate indoor temperature with minimum technical complexity.

Competition - 1st prize, 2012

Source : HMGB Architekten

Credits: Mohannad, Bayoumi, HL-Technik, HMGB Architekten, Berlin

1.9.1. Interior view of the family swimming pool

1.9.3. Sections in the swimming hall to illustrate the temperature stratification - Winter condition (TA = -15 °C)

1.9.2. Cross-section though the building illustrating the multi-level swimming pool area and the wellness center

1.9.4. Air flow on the longitudinal section due to air intake and outtake, as well as the stack effect - Winter condition (TA = -15 C)

14

1.10. Hotel complex - Makkah, Saudi Arabia Efficiency of space and optimized natural ventilation of the ground level Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Amro Taiba, Nidhal Taiba, Mamdouh Subaihi

1.10.3. Top: wind velocity ar human height by closed atriums - Bottom: wind velocity be opened atrium 1.10.1. Perspective of the hotel towers

1.10.4. Elevated commercial structure to integrate buildings and improve environmental conditions on ground level

1.10.2. C omparison of three basic alternatives

15

1.10.5. Modular system an defficiency of space

1.11. Net zero energy residential prototype - Munich, Germany Using ecological materials, this residential neighborhood projects aims at reaching remarkably low CO2 footprint during its lifecycle.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Kati Stock, Niko Heeren, Nicole Dechent

1.11.1. Exterior perspective

1.11.3. Typical floor plans

20,000

Used energy [kWh/a]

15,000 surplus

10,000

Electricity e-car heating

5000

hot water Photovoltaics output supply

demand

APV = 85m2 | nPV = 16% | 150% excess energy production

1.11.2. Human eye view of multiple units

16

1.11.4. Annual energy balance of each building

1.12. Office building - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Maximizing the efficiency of space and rental area while minimizing the areas needed for the technical outfit.

Mohannad Bayoumi 4.0 Credits: GENERAL CONCEPT

OFFICE ZONE

ENTRANCE LOBBY [GF] KITCHENETTE

WC [F] WC [M]

ENTRANCE [GF] FILING STATION

EXTENSION

SPLITING LINE

SHAFT

SPLITTING LINE

OFFICE SPACES

OFFICE SPACES

OFFICE SPACES

OFFICE SPACES

MAXIMUM HEIGHT ALLOWED

POTENTIAL FOR A ROOF GARDEN AND AN OUTDOOR RESTAURANT

RESTAURANT

OUTDOOR SITTING AREA

[LANDSCAPE ZONING, DESIGN AND ORGANIZATION TO BE REVIEWED LATER]

EXTENSION

PARKING

VERTICAL CIRCULATION CORE

1.12.3. Typical floor plan N

1.12.1. Conceptual organizational plan

1.12.2. Modular system and space efficiency

17

1.12.4. Axonometric view

1.13. Upgrading the image JIC Design school - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia 1.8. Upgrading the image JIC Design school - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Adding a new skin to the existing structures to upgrade the character of the JIC as a platform for innovation and creativity.

Adding a new skin to the existing structures to upgrade the character of the JIC as a platform for innovation and creativity.

Credits: Amro Taiba, Mohannad Bayoumi Credits: Amro Taiba, Mohannad Bayoumi

1.13.1. Left: Alternative solutions. Right: Spatial impact of the proposed green screen\wall.

1.8.1. Left: Alternative solutions. Right: Spatial impact of the proposed green screen\wall.

informal study/social groups enjoying a casual cafe setting with food and drinks.

COMMUNICATION WITH EXISTING STRUCTURES (CAMOUFLAGE) The innovation platform casts its shadow in the form of an abstraction of its color palette onto the pavement and facades of surrounding structures resulting into a well defined series of art galleries.

INNOVATION PLATFORM

THE SITE BENCH

RETAINING WALL

THE AMPHITHEATER

To integrate the project elements, the innovation platform projects itself upon the surroundings.

Hence, creating a different experience along alley, the buildings and the entire open spaces.

Utilizing the retaining wall as an extended seating bench, emphasizes the longitudinal nature of the campus ground and the separation between the urban and the organic contexts.

To overcome the level difference situation of the site, a retaining wall is introduced. This element separates the upper galleries from the rest of the campus outdoors.

Throughout history, amphitheaters have always been the symbol of mankind inquisition and debate. The adoption of the amphitheater’s spirit became the driving building block for the entire landscape of the campus.

PARKING SPACES

THE KNOWLEDGE CAFE

1.13.3. Intricate integration of art, nature and people 1.8.3. Intricate integration of art, nature and people

GALLERY - 1 GALLERY - 3 GALLERY - 4 GALLERY - 2

STEEL STRUCTURE

MAIN GATE

LEARNING NODE

LEARNING NODE

LEARNING NODE

To construct the skeleton of the innovation platform, a standard H-column section is used throughout the structure.

Main gate to girls campus Upon entry the view is framed by specimen plant species and with the "Innovation Platform" and main building entrance in the background.

Landscape pockets carefully distributed and situated lending themselves to having unique open air learning and social experiences.

Landscape pockets carefully distributed and situated lending themselves to having unique open air learning and social experiences.

Landscape pockets carefully distributed and situated lending themselves to having unique open air learning and social experiences.

BASIC CONCEPT

THE ART WALK

LANDSCAPE CHARACTER

The notion of creating an institution that fosters creativity and innovation led the designers to constantly refrain from indulging in complex forms with the belief that what this college needs is a plain, yet stimulating, environment to achieve its ultimate objective.

An extended urban ally filled with artistic experiences along the entire site.

The landscape character adopts the basic circular form highlighting the amphitheater notion and the minimalist treatment of the entire planting areas.

This is the philosophy that underlies this proposal which we believe will allow the public to fully appreciate the product of this institution that will be reflected in every corner of the site through a festive display of students' work.

This 4 dimensional space will develop over time (the fourth dimension) as a result of the continuous educational evolution taking place in the JIC.

COLORED PANELS Using slender colored panels represents as a surface was the ultimate choice of pixelation for the innovation platform

This is translated in the following set of design principals: 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Modularity Flexibility Practicality Scalability Sustainability

1.13.2. Conceptual design of the innovation wall

1.8.2.

18

Conceptual design of the innovation wall

1.13.4. The Art Walk: an urban gallery experience

1.8.4.

The Art Walk: an urban gallery experience

1.14. KAU-Mosque for the housing zone- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Design development of a prototype for small size mosques.

Status: in operation.

Shoes cabinets

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Feras Balkhi, Bara’a Ghabban, Siraj Mandourah

Male W.C

Female Prayer hall

Male Prayer hall

Female W.C

Female Entrance

Shoes cabinets

1.14.5. Distribution of basic functions

1.14.4. Side view

Islamic artwork

Lighting void WC

Planar glass panel

WC WC

Islamic artwork

WC WC WC

1.14.1. Exterior view showing the basic masses of the mosque

Windows

Side view Front view Minaret

1.14.6. Used calligraphy and ornamentation

1.14.2. Night shot taken weeks before the end of the construction process

19

1.14.3. Bird’d eye view showing the front part that faces Mecca

1.14.7. Floor plan

Imam section

1.15. KAU-Wind tunnel and Hydraulics laboratories - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia The building is designed with a character commensurate with its function, into three main elements of office space and general workshops, in addition hydraulic section spaces. Status: Under construction.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Mohammed alyamani, Siraj mandourh

1.15.1. Entrance Perspective

1.15.2. Outdoor zone

Wind tunnel

HVAC zone

Main building (labs and offices)

Hydraulics hall Hydraulics hall

Wind tunnel

Labs and offices

1.15.3. Isometric showing the main functions

20

1.15.4. Ground floor plan

4.0 CONCEPT

1.16. Urban Farming concept for Alhajrain residential compound - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

ORNAMENTAL LANDSCAPE

Urban farming as a catalyst for community interaction

Using urban farming, the aim is to achieve a high quality landscape design that will have a positive impact on the living quality in the compound and the social interaction among its residents.

Credits: Amro Taiba, Mohannad Bayoumi

6.0 MASTER PLAN

PRODUCTIVE PARCELS Modular geometry allowing high flexibility in expanding or shrinking this culture

CIRCULATION SPINE (The Suburban Stroll) A unique stroll through a rural setting highly contrasting the stressfull citylife

UP

UP

MARKET SQUARE

UP

UP

UP

UP

A seasonal festivity that takes place to showcase Al-Hajrain's unique cultural experience

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE (URBAN FARMING)

A very low-tech (wood-and-rope) playground decorated with farmer's tools and farming equipment

UP

UP

SIDE VIEW

PLAYGROUND: (THE BARN)

Ornamental tree with large canopy to provide shade

ORNAMENTAL LANDSCAPE

UP

UP

UP

UP

Walkway

TOP VIEW

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

UP

1.80 m

PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPE (URBAN FARMING)

0.60 m

UP

UP

UP

UP

Special planter that holds flowers, roses and beautifying species

Lap pool

7.0 CHARACTER URBAN OASIS

CIRCULATION

Children's pool THE BARN PLAYGROUND

ORNAMENTAL GARDEN

Tree (shade)

8.0 EXPECTED OUTCOMES

Ornamental parcel

WATER SURFACES

1.16.3. Conceptual configuration of the planting facilities

PRODUCTIVE PARCELS

8.1 ECOLOGICAL

The proposed solution should facilitate the following:

1.16.1. Master plan

A. Reduce carbon footprint of the compound B. Energy efficiency: on average fruit and vegetable products travel 2,400 Km to reach the consumer and 3.8 Liters of gasoline is spent to transport 45 Kg of products C. Ozone purification D. Noise pollution E. Soil decontamination F. Nutrition and quality of food 8.2 UNIQUENESS PRODUCTIVE PARCELS Modular geometry allowing high flexibility in expanding or shrinking this culture

CIRCULATION SPINE (The Suburban Stroll) A unique stroll through a rural setting highly contrasting the stressfull citylife

MARKET SQUARE

PLAYGROUND: (THE BARN)

A seasonal festivity that takes place to showcase Al-Hajrain's unique cultural experience

A very low-tech (wood-and-rope) playground decorated with farmer's tools and farming equipment

Arguably the first "Urban Farming community" in the city of Jeddah if not the country.

8.3 COST EFFECTIVENESS

A. Potential to reduce labor cost: participation by residents B. Reduce water usage: drip irrigation C. Construction cost: low tech materials D. Security cost: community engagement

8.4 RECREATION

1.16.2. Character and mood board

A. Suitable for all age groups B. Encourage group activity C. Learning through fun activities: Edutainment D. Playgrounds: rural theme E. Swimming pools F. Socializing: sitting and passive recreation areas

1.16.4. Expected outcomes of the proposed idea

21

1.80 m Farming planter

1.17. Infrastructure planning of a mixed use development, China 57

Credits: Mohannad, Bayoumi, HL-Technik, Herzog + Partner, Munich

0,00

2,2

Abwasserleitung Drainage pipeline 污水管

46

0

Technikgesch Technical Fl 设备层

-2,50

Pumpensumpf mit Abwasserhebeanlage

(nur am Ende des Kanals)

Sump pit with wastewater pump station

Energiezentrale Central energy base 能源中心

Grundkonzept der Entwässerung Basic drainage concept 排水基本概念

Trinkwasser (vorlauf) Potable water (supply) 饮用进水

Schwachstromkabel Low-voltage conduction 低压缆线

Trinkwasser (rücklauf) Potable water (return) 饮用回水

Fluchtweg Escape passageway 逃生通道

DN 300

Heizungswasser (rücklauf) Heating water (return) 热水回水 Pumpensumpf mit Abwasserhebeanlage

(nur am Ende des Kanals)

Sump pit with wastewater pump station (only at the end of the channel)

集水坑, 污水泵站 (仅在管道终端 )

1.17.1. Overview on the infrastructure conept

22

1.17.2. Generic section of the infrastructure lines

Heizungswasser (vorlauf) Heating water (supply) 热水进水 20000 kW DN 600 (3 x DN 250)

-1

-10,00

-2

-13,00

-3

Erdgeschoss Ground floo 地面层

HL-Technik

51000 kW DN 150

10,2

Mittelspannungskabel Medium-voltage conduction 中压缆线

-6,50

3,5

HL-Technik Source :

Öffentlicher Abwasserkanal Public sewage channel 市政污水管

Abwasserleitung im Technikgeschoss Drainage pipeline in the technical floor 设备层中的排水管

2

3

6

Kaltwasser (rücklauf) Chilled water (return) 冷冻回水 93330 kW DN 2000 (3 x DN 600)

Parkgeschos Parking floo 车库层

Source :

3,7

Kaltwasser (vorlauf) Chilled water (supply) 冷冻进水

Medienkanal Infrastructure tunnel 基础设施管道

4

)

3,2

集水坑, 污水泵站 (仅在管道终端 )

2,7

(only at the end of the channel)

Erdgeschoss Ground floo 地面层

2,5

Infrastrukturlinien im Boden eingebettet Infrastructure lines embedded in earth 埋在地下的基础设施管线

Notiz: Entrauchung des Medienkanals alle 100 Meter Note: Smoke extraction of the infrastructure tunnel every 100 meters 每一百米基础设施管道排烟

Parkgeschos Parking floo 车库层

LAYOUT CONEPT - 1

1.18. Office highrise building - Frankfurt, Germany Using scripting and digital algorithms, the skin parameters are directed to provide shade to the working space based on the response to the sun location in a certain day in the mid Summer.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi

1.18.3. Left: Typical floor plan. Right: Conceptual section of the scripted facade Montag, 20. Juli 2009

DIFFERENT SIZES OF OPENINGS DEPENDING ON THE EXPOSURE ANGLE TO SUN

Montag, 20. Juli 2009

1.18.1. Presence of the proposed tower in the existing context of the banking quarter

Montag, 20. Juli 2009

1.18.4. Blending facade openings into the general building skin

Montag, 20. Juli 2009

1.18.2. Basic rules of the scripted algorithm

23

Montag, 20. Juli 2009

1.18.5. Bird’e eye view of the podium and the covered amphitheater

2.

Selected STUDENT work

2.1. Revitalizing The Core | Concept for the development of Historic Jeddah the task is develop an urban design concept for a cultural hub that grows from the heart of Historic Jeddah located around Naseef’s house.

Credits: Albaraa Ghabban, Hossam Farghal, Ahmad Aldirisi, Mohammad Baagil, Siraj Mandourah, Abdulaziz Alghamdi, Hmoud Alkhmmash Supervisors: Mohannad Bayoumi, Turki Shuaib

2.1.3. Business Model

inah Road Al-Mad

2.1.1. Problem Statment

Al-M

the task is develop an urban design concept for a cultural hub that grows from the heart of Historic Jeddah located around Naseef’s house. Having researched relevant information on Historic Jeddah – landscape, typology and form, building materials and construction, details/pattern/color and texture, we expected to come up with contemporary cultural facilities (concert hall, theater, library, …etc.) that provide the necessary functions to bring life to the place with respect to its cultural

et tre S r ata

Seating sidewalk

Seating sidewalk

A

t tree S afa eh l-S

Hotels Entertaining

Crafts Restaurants

Crafts Amphitheater

Commercial cultural

Art cultural Water feature Art cultural

Ri

ng

Commercial Entertaining

Ro ad

Breathing spot

F&B

t

Hail Road

Breathing spot

Boutique

ree b St aha Al-D

Park

Vehicular Network Pedestrians Network Interface Group Al-Dahab Group Abu Inabah Group

2.1.2. Proposed Master Plan for Albalad

25

2.1.4. Design Proposal for Al Ashmawi Plaza

2.1.5. 3D Model for Abu Inabah Axis

PANEL C

1

INSIDE MATERIALS: WHITE CONCRETE WOOD

2

3

4

5

6

2.2. Boutique Hotel-Example of adaptive reuse of a historical building in the old Jeddah MATERIALS

FLEXIBILITY

LIGHTING

ENERGY

WIND

HEATING AND COOLING

Credits: Homoud Alkhmmash | Supervisors: Mohannad Bayoumi, Turki Shuaib

WHITE CONCRETE

WOOD

OUTSIDE MATERIALS: Copper facade white concrete

PANEL E

PANEL D

WHITE CONCRETE

COPPER FACADE Use of Autodesk's dynamo program for parametric design, and knowledge of the all Opening Effect distribution of openings and their distribution on the main facades to ensure the

HEATING AND COOLING

2

1

2

3

4

5

6

MATERIALS

FLEXIBILITY

LIGHTING

ENERGY

WIND

HEATING AND COOLING

1

1

2

3

MATERIALS

FLEXIBILITY

LIGHTING

vide shade, ural lighting d dust tection

SOUTH ELEVATION

Annual solar irradiation calculation

2.5 (M/S)

HEIGHT

1.8 M

DIRECTION

NORTH WEST

JEDDAH 1. Air velocity up to 2 (M/S) is appropriate and needs to be 4 5 6 alleviated by placing plants to help.

ENERGY or small WINDopenings HEATING AND 2. The air up to 4COOLING (M/S) when exiting from the other side.

3.The air velocity high and 0 this helps the air movement in the courtyard

NG (COOLING)

0

Horizontal Gk (Monthly) (kWh/m2) H-Electricity Produc�on (Monthly) (kWh/m2)

WEST FACADE

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

BATHROOMS

May

Jun

Jul

Agu

Oct

Nov

4

MATERIALS

FLEXIBILITY

LIGHTING

ENERGY

PANEL D 5

6

WIND

HEATING AND COOLING

1

2

3

4

5

6

MATERIALS

FLEXIBILITY

LIGHTING

ENERGY

WIND

HEATING AND COOLING

SUSTAINABLE ENVELOPE BOUTIQUE HOTEL

221

218

237

234

230

220

200

194

154

142

33.15

32.7

35.55

35.1

34.5

33

30

29.1

23.1

21.3

W/m2

80

60

Historic House Use the stairsH-Electricity Produc�on (Monthly) (kWh/m2) Horizontal Gk (Monthly) (kWh/m2) to make holes that allow air toWest passirradiation through. vs.

In the new Production (Monthly) Electricty project the same idea was used by the corridor. Plants can be used to reduce the velocity of air movement to reach the appropriate velocity of the person

TECU SOLAR SYSTEM

3The basic operation 4 of the5 system and6provides a closed circuit LIGHTING ENERGYwith forced WIND circulation HEATING(primary: AND from heat pipes capting copperCOOLING exchanger), which provides heat to the slurry, and distributed through the secondary circuit. Liquid heat transfer, in fact, heated in contact with copper surfaces, and transfer of battery heat, placed inside the tank under the main thrust of the pump circuit, triggered by a sensor when there is not enough solar radiation .

Jan

Feb

Mar

West Gk (monthly) (kWh/m2)

80

85.3

114

W-Electricity Produc�on (monthly) (kWh/m2)

12

12.795

17.1

2.2.2. ElevationGAS Concept BOILER

Apr

May

Jun

BOILER EXCHANGE

140 120

1080 Project location: Jeddah sun study start date time 15/ 01/ 31H112:00:00AM 2 sun study end date time 25/ 01/ 32H 12:00:00PMFLEXIBILITY MATERIALS Cumulative Insolation

3

4

5

LIGHTING

ENERGY

WIND

625

6

HEATING AND COOLING 170

1

2

3

4

5

6

MATERIALS

FLEXIBILITY

LIGHTING

ENERGY

WIND

HEATING AND COOLING

HEATING Top veiw 480 Square meters

Jul

Agu

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

107

113

111

112

110

101

101

81.8

77.3

16.05

16.95

16.65

16.8

16.5

15.15

15.15

12.27

11.595

South irradiation vs. Electricty Production (Monthly) 160

2

Custom Solar (kWh/m )

STORAGE TANK

40

20

180

Annual solar irradiation calculation

Dec

162

24.3

100

0

Sep

POOL AND SPA

146

21.9

120

Solar Panel Efficiency: 15% Solar Slope: 90% Azimuth: WEST Solar panel area: 81.6 m2 Irradiation on PV with combined system losses: 178.5 kWh/m2 Energy supply: 81.6X178.5 = 14,565 kWh/a

26

3

PANEL E

W/m2

LING SYSTEM

Solar Panel Efficiency: 15% Solar Slope: 90%

2

LOCATION

Custom Solar (kWh/m )

1080 Area of application 1. Balcony area Max panel width & height 625 1000 mm (width) 2800 mm (height) Panel weight 170 60 kg Panel stacking Technically upto 12 panels can be parked to one side depending4uponData panel width Glass thickness ANALYSIS 2D glass 1 2 1 are designed 2 FortoBSW-R 3 : 28 mm insulated 4 5 6 air conditioners and heat pumps For BSW-G : 6. 8. 10 mm toughened or WIND SPEED 2.5 (M/S) entire house. In each system, a largeFLEXIBILITY compressor MATERIALS FLEXIBILITY MATERIALS LIGHTING WIND HEATING AND laminated glass ENERGY ated outside drives the process; An indoor coil filled COOLING HEIGHT 1.8 M rigerant cools that is then distributed throughout DIRECTION NORTH WEST se via ducts. Heat pumps are like central air ners. (Heat pumps are described in more detail in 2 LOCATION 2 JEDDAH ting section.)

With a central Horizontal irradiation vs. Electricty Production (Monthly) HORIZONTAL PV air conditioner, the1 1. Air velocity up to 2 (M/S) is 250 uct system is used with a furnace for forced appropriate r heating. In fact, the central air conditioner 1 2 3 4 5 and needs 6 to be 200 alleviated by placing plants Solar Panel 15% air to the ducts. uses the furnace fanEfficiency: to distribute eters LIGHTING ENERGY or small WINDopenings HEATING AND Solar Slope: 0% MATERIALS FLEXIBILITY to help.

150 Azimuth: South 2. The air up to 4COOLING (M/S) when Solar panel area: 480 m2 exiting from the other side.

100 Irradiation on PV with combined system 3.The air velocity high and losses: 353.7 kWh/m2 50 Energy supply: 480X353.7 = 169,776 kWh/a 0 this helps the air movement in the courtyard

SOUTH FACADE

1

2

BSW

The southeastern facade receives the most direct sunlight InProject the location: upperJeddah floor but OPTION 3disappear at sun study date time the start bottom due to 15/ 01/ 31H 12:00:00AM neighboringsun study buildings shaded end date time 25/ 01/ 32H 12:00:00PM were Based on them, openings Cumulative Insolation made in the façade

meters

2D

WIND SPEED

Historic House Use the stairs to make holes that allow air to pass through. In the new project the same idea was used by the corridor. Plants can be used to reduce the velocity of air movement to reach the appropriate velocity of the person

OPTION 2

meters

ANALYSIS

WEST ELEVATION

3

Indoor

Outdoor

The vertical western facade monies direct sunlight from 1pm to 5pm. At later hours, the sun is almost directly normal to the facade.

2

Data

SOUTH ELEVATION

WEST ELEVATION

6

1

OPTION 1

all enning

4

PANEL C

ncreasenatural coolinglighting effectiveness, a smaller inlet of the interior spaces. be paired with a larger outlet opening.

1 2 With 3 4 5 configuration, inlet air can have a higher MATERIALS FLEXIBILITY ENERGY WIND COPPER FACADE ocity.

Because the same amount of air must LIGHTING s through both the bigger and smaller openings 2.2.1.

Architectural Concept he same period of time, it must pass through smaller opening more quickly.

2

West elevation 81.6 Square meters

2.2.3. Design Proposal for Alashmawi Boutique Hotel

PANEL F

2.3. Nassef cultural center the task is design an extension for Nassef House with many educational, cultural and environmental objectives. A new building supporting the old building that provides modern integrated and technical services Credits: Albaraa Ghabban | Supervisors: Mohannad Bayoumi, Turki Shuaib

2.3.1. Main Concept

2.3.2. Design Alternatives

2.3.4. Architectural plan

2.3.3. Designing transition of space to make a new experience in every zone

27

2.3.7. Site Analysis

2.3.5. Design Proposal for Nassef cultural center

2.3.6. Wall section

2.4. Reuse of an existing office building in historic Jeddah The task is develop an existing building is based on several factors, including the existing structural system, external boundary of the mass, building height and facade tretment.

Credits: Hossam Farghal | Supervisors: Mohannad Bayoumi,Turki Shoaib

2.4.3. Ground Floor Plan

2.4.1. Architectural Concept & Eye view

2.4.2. Architectural zonning

28

2.4.4. Design Proposal for Alhedeeb Center

2.5. Fine Art Center This center for fine arts aims to spread their headquarters in Jeddah, it contains all the needs of artists from educational spaces that are held by educational workshops, public lectures, places of gathering, workshops and art exhibitions.

Credits: Siraj Mahmoud | Supervisors: Mohannad Bayoumi,Turki Shoaib

2.5.1. Ground Floor

2.5.2. Interior perspective for the gallery

29

2.5.3. Design Proposal for Albalad fine center

2.6. Mitigating CO2 concentration in classrooms, using adjacent corridors and atriums 04 MODELING 4.1 Occupants number (Management related)

Evaluate

1.3 Objective Exchanging the air between the classrooms and common spaces to improve the overall levels of CO2 concentration, as a quick solution for an overcrowded educational building classrooms.

Using Simulation (IDA ICE) IDA Indoor Climate and Energy. is a Building performance simulation (BPS) software. Multi-zonal and dynamic study of indoor climate phenomena as well as energy use. The implemented models are state of the art, many studies show that simulation results and measured data compare well.

Three spaces are allocated (classroom space allocated space from the corridors for each classroom and allocated space from the atrium for each classroom). The classroom space was filled with the same number of users of this space under the real circumstances then opened all the three spaces to each other. The results are shown as shown in the diagram below. (Figure 6)

Schedul e

Scenario s Current condition

Aimed condition

Suggested alternatives

Conclusion and Recommendations

Result s Scenario s

1.2 Problem statement Spaces greatly impact the lives of occupants. Indoor air quality (IAQ) is an essential factor that decides occupants’ level of satisfaction and performance. Classroom critical due to high density, the over-crowdedness of classroom is a serious and quite common issue, where education institution commonly is overlooked or ignored as the retrofitting of these spaces has limited or no budget for quick solutions. The larger the classroom, the greater the dilution of levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) and pollutants, and the longer good air quality can be maintained. In an average size classroom with a volume of 181 cubic meters, 30 students and no ventilation, the air quality becomes poor in just 30 minutes [1]. Investigations are needed to provide more information about the indoor air quality in Saudi Arabia classrooms and its effect on the space efficiency and educational system.

What is the optimum approach for the reduction of CO2

Occupants

4.2 Simplifying the study case

Discussion

Management variable s

Students performance

Measurement

Space volume

Space efficienc y

Analyze

Findings

2.2

Figure 2, Methodology dia-

Starting PEAK 9:50 am . 1270 ppm 10:30 am .

End 12:00 am .

ppm

Relativ e humidity (%)100

ppm

90

80

70

60

Absolute humidity (kg/kg) 50 40

30

Recommended limit for CO2 concentration level

1200

0.0450

0.0400

Classes

Break

Classes

35

ppm

0.0300

400

30

ppm

0.0250

COMFORT ZONE

CO2 concentration level during weekends

0

DATA AVERAGE

0.0200

25

ppm

10

0

0.0150

:0

20

17

(L. Schibuola, et al, 2016) recommended installing CO2 sensors as a parameter of the IAQ condition in the classroom. Also, promoted conscious ventilation in each classroom by involving the teachers to manage the manual airing and suggests frequent and short periods of window openings [9]. Measurements devices were installed in one of the buildings of the current preparatory year in educational classroom to measure the quality determinants of these enclosed spaces as shown in the drawings. The designed occupation capacity of the classroom is 40 students.

The variables were monitored in more than one period depending on the space condition in terms of use. Install accurate measuring devices that detect and record environmental quality variables at indoor spaces where they measure temperature and relative humidity within the case sample. (Figure 1)

-5

-10

3.2

Figure 4, CO2 concentration

1.06 m

Figure 10, Applying the case study

5.2 Recommendations

0.0050

5 0

Wet bulb temperature (°C)

Dry bulb temperature

5.1

0.0100

15 10

-40 -35 -30 Dry bulb temperature (°C)

Figure 7, Indoor edge of classroom

We notice a decrease in the highest value of the CO2 concentration in educational spaces from 2008 PPM to 880.8 ppm, and this is a very good improvement. Looking at the average values of CO2 concentration levels in educational spaces, we find that it’s generally decreased by 49.3%, as we can notice a slight increase in CO2 concentration levels at the corridor’s spaces (the highest reach 1088 ppm) which is acceptable. (Figure 10)

0.0350

600

ppm

4.3

05 CONCLUSION 5.1 Results and discussion

20

200

Figure 6, Space volume

0.0550

0.0500

ppm

ppm

02 METHODS 2.1 Field measurement

When entering the variables into the simulation program for an entire floor of the building based on the following data (the maximum capacity of the educational spaces the timing and duration of the break times is equal to 15 minutes between every two sessions) the results appear as follows.

The highest value of CO2 concentration levels in educational spaces reach 2008 ppm.

When applying the idea in the simulation program to an entire floor of the building and opening the spaces to each other according to the following variables data (the maximum capacity of the educational spaces the timing and duration of break times equal 15 minutes between each two sessions) after that if we add some mechanical solutions (As an example CO2 sensors & VAV HVAC systems) the results are shown as follows. (Figure 9)

40

1000 800

4.2

4.3.1 Evaluating current condition

The two most important variables affecting the thermal comfort in the classroom temperature and relative humidity. The data average readings were shown on the Psychrometric chart to determine whether the results were within the range of thermal comfort zone or not. (Figure 3) Data average: Temperature: 22.25 C. Relative humidity: 66.5%. Data taken: 13.OCT.2019 As shown the in the diagram, data average is placed in the comfort zone.

Action needed!

Figure 5, Occupants number in classroom

Since there are low occupants densities spaces in some of the internal spaces such as the corridors and atriums, the problem can be avoided by using the air switch between the spaces are usually occupied only for short times (breaktimes period) and spaces with high intensity of use (as the classrooms). (Figure 7) Applying the proposed solution idea by using the simulation programs. Using all the spaces on one of the building floors will be opened to each other to verify the effectiveness of the proposed solution (Figure, 7).

Observations

03 ANALYSIS 3.1 Maintaining thermal comfort study

1400

4.1

4.3 HVAC system (design related)

Mechanical

Design variables

Resear ch sample

1.06 m

2.2 Methodology

Abstract: This paper studies the classrooms indoor air quality of the preparatory (freshmen) year at Jeddah. An existing and active building was used as a case study. The variables affecting the indoor air quality were measured and analyzed by installing sensors to measure and record these variables in this classroom. After that research was done to determine the optimal range of these variables and compare them to check whether these results were within the optimal range of each variable or not. The results show that it is important to propose improvement measures to reduce CO2 concentrations and ensure thermal comfort. Users need to realize that the quality of the indoor environment is important for their health, comfort and efficiency.

7.50 m

CO2 concentration can be reduced by reducing the number of students in the classroom, the large number of occupants in the indoor spaces increases the rates of CO2 concentration.

Standard: Classroom square or rectangular 65m2 with furniture in rows and freely arranged fits for 30 - 36 students (which means 1.8 - 2.0 m2 for each student) [11].

According to the standard, the student number was reduced to 30 students in the classroom, we can notice a slight decrease in the CO2 concentration level by 12.5%. (Figure 5)

Index terms: Indoor Air Quality, Air quality in schools, CO2 concentration, classroom ventilation

01 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Abstract

9.14 m

1.06 m

Credits: Feras Balkhi | Supervisor: Mohannad Bayoumi

-25

-20

Absolute humidity

-15

-10

Relative humidity

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

0.0000

Based on the above research and analysis, the study found: 1. Considering during the design that the Spaces should be designed with dimensions and sizes commensurate with their uses.

2. Changing the scheduling of students ’sessions times and break times .

3. Reducing the number of students in the single educational space, in proportion to its size.

4. Improving the mechanical systems of building conditioning and ventilation to allow more fresh air to enter the air conditioning cycle.

5. Adding windows between the interior spaces of the building that allows air exchange between educational spaces and common spaces, when the indoor air quality decreases to reduce energy waste when opening the external windows.

Wet bulb temperature Comfort zone

3.1

Figure 3, Psychometric chart

3.2

Classroom zone Space volume: 210 m3

3.2.1

Atrium zone Space volume: 52.67 m

3

Corridors zon e Space volume: 51.77 m3

4.3

30

Figure 1, Case sample (classroom)

4.3

Figure 8, Mitigating Classrooms with

4.3.1

Figure 9, Current condition

2.7. Methods to reduce CO2-concentration in classrooms using hybrid ventilation Methods to improve indoor environmental quality in classrooms in hot climates

The window was opened at 25% by simulation model in ida ice with different depth between wall and glass slide. the chart showing CO2 level decree below 1000ppm and near 900 ppm (Figure 10) .The window was opened at 50% by simulation model in ida ice with different depth between wall and glass slide . the chart showing CO2 level decree below 1000ppm and at 900 ppm (Figure 11) . The window was opened at 75% by simulation model in ida ice with different depth between wall and glass slide . the chart showing CO2 level decree below 1000ppm and below 900 ppm (Figure 12). The window was opened at 100% by simulation model in ida ice with different depth between wall and glass slide. the chart showing CO2 level decree below 1000ppm and below 900 ppm (Figure 13).

Credits: Yousef Khoja | Supervisor: Mohannad Bayoumi Index terms: Education Indoor Environmental Quality, Space Students Performance, Indoor Air Quality ,Health in the classroom.

01 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Abstract

03 ANALYSIS 3.1 Maintaining thermal comfort study

Setting standards to develop educational spaces has become necessary due to the importance of education and the high number of students in the classrooms in the current era. Among the problems that result from the high numbers of students in the classrooms are high levels of carbon dioxide, which may result in health damage and a decrease in educational performance among students and This study was based on a study of a classroom at King Abdulaziz University by measuring devices to determine the levels of carbon dioxide during a full school day and the measuring devices showed the rise of carbon dioxide above the permissible standard according to the American Organization ASHRAE, and to find design criteria to develop the quality of space, an electronic model was built through simulation programs and the development of existing architectural spaces and also rescheduled periods of opening the current architectural spaces to compare them with other solutions to reach better standards that can be relied upon in fact to develop the current design standards for the classroom.

This chart was a result of one work day from 5AM to 5PM , The chart shows the CO2 level exceeded 1000 PPM from 10AM to 2PM which was the time that the students where present . (Figure 2) The air temperature was between 22C and 23C and it didn’t change much because the room cooling depends on air central unit and the room doesn’t use natural ventilation system. (Figure 3)

1.2 Problem statement

3.1

many studies have shown that the rise of carbon dioxide in the classroom leads to health problems and affect the educational levels of the student . [3] Most of the global standards set 1000 ppm as the maximum allowable level of carbon dioxide within the spaces, The European standard determines the level of renewable air per person per hour according to the level of carbon dioxide one of the most affordable methods is natural ventilation, but it requires that the local climate be appropriate. Therefore, in hot areas, mechanical ventilation can be used as an alternative, but to reduce energy consumption and reach better results, we can use the hybrid system as a solution.[4] Achieving in optimized hybrid ventilation system that helps provide on Increases indoor air quality with low thermal complicity and energy consumption this study aims to test the current windows on the classroom and also propose a different windows that can increase natural ventilation inside the classroom without affecting energy consumption or thermal comfort.

3.2 Scenario planning

02 METHODS 2.1 Methodology The research sample was Classroom located in the second floor of king abdulaziz university floor area of the classroom are 7.5 * 9.14 m total number of occupants 40 The classroom depends on a central air conditioning system and on three fixed windows.

After selecting the research sample, the measurements on the date 7/10/2019conducting the measurements on a working day. the classroom has non-operable windows and reliance was on mechanical ventilation only. and the door was closed during the lectures and the door opens between the lectures only. by using hobo mx CO2 logger measuring device the device took a reading every 10 minutes (Figure 1).

3.2.2

Figure 2, CO2 concentration

3.1

3.2.2

Scenario 1.

By opening the current windows in the classroom and rescheduling them according to the times of the high rate of carbon dioxide gas above 1000 ppm and comparing the results with each other through heat levels and energy consumption.

The window was opened at 25% by simulation model in ida ice. Even with the window opining at 25% ratio the carbon dioxide level was still above 1000 PPM (Figure 4) . When the window was opined the air flow level reached above 200 L/S . The temperature raised near 33C due to the air change between the inside and the outside. The energy consumption was increased to near 200 to sestina the air temperature . The window was opened at 50% by simulation model in ida ice When the window was opined at 50% at 9PM it decreed below 1000PPM (Figure 5) . The window was opened at 75% by simulation model in ida ice. When the window was opined at 75% at 9PM it decreed below 1000PPM (Figure 6). The window was opened at 100% by simulation model

3.2.2

Figure 12, opening 75%

3.2.2

Figure 8, Classroom alternative window

3.2.2

Figure 9,Window depth and opening ratio

3.2.2

Figure 14, Temperature with CO2

3.2.2

Figure 15, Energy consumption with

3.2.2

Figure 16, Comparing inflow with CO2

3.2.3

Figure 17, CFD Model

Figure 11, opening 50%

Figure 3, Mean air tempera-

Through trial and error simulation program was used to reach the best results for solving the problem of carbon dioxide without affecting the thermal comfort or increasing energy consumption.

3.2.1

Figure 10, opening 25%

3.2.2

Figure 13, opening 50%

The temperatures were compared with the levels of carbon dioxide in each case so that we can conclude the best case in terms of high levels of heat with each different opening for the window and compare it with the level of carbon dioxide (Figure 14). Energy consumption levels were compared with the levels of carbon dioxide in each case so that we can infer the best case in terms of high energy consumption levels with each different window opening and compare them with the level of carbon dioxide (Figure 15). Air movement levels were compared with the levels of carbon dioxide in each case so that we can conclude the best case in terms of high levels of air movement with each different opening for the window and compare it with the level of carbon

3.2.3 CFD Modeling CFD model was created to ensure the effectiveness of the window and to compare the first window and second window.

To Compare the air movement of each window with the others in the classroom, to see the effectiveness of each window of the wind movement (Figure 17).

04 CONCLUSION 4.1 Recommendations 3.2.1

Figure 4, opening 25%

3.2.1

Figure 5, opening 50%

1.

By scheduling existing windows, ventilation can be improved in the classroom without significantly affecting thermal comfort in moderate climatic conditions.

2. Improving the air quality in the current classroom is a very important requirement for raising the educational competence of students and ensuring the health of users 3.

The hybrid ventilation system has proven to be effective and can be an important tool for improving air quality in educational spaces 4. Existing windows can be changed to windows suggested in the search 5.

It is best not to increase the number of students within the classroom until it is ensured that the quality of the space is not affected

3.2.1

Figure 6, opening 75%

3.2.1

Figure 7, opening 100%

3.2.2 Scenario 2.

Scenario 2. By adding a glass slide in front of the window and following the same methods of past analysis (Figure 8). By experimenting with several different positions of the glass piece starting from distance 0.1m to 0.4m and experimenting with each case and observing the differences between them with the same previous method of opening the window (Figure 9).

2.1

31

Figure 1, Case samble (classroom)

4.2 Discussion This research focused on finding a solution to find ways to improve the quality of indoor air for educational classes through hybrid ventilation systems. As the research has shown us, hybrid methods for ventilation are a suitable solution and can be applied through existing windows or by developing better windows. These same methods can be used on other areas with a different climate Different from the one in which the study was held, as the research showed that increasing the number of students within the educational space may affect the quality of the educational space, which causes a decrease in the level of educational achievement and an increase in the level of health risk for students

2.8. Façade integrated shading and light reflection devices to improve classroom visual comfort Credits: Siraj Mandourah | Supervisor: Mohannad Bayoumi

STUDY FRAMEWORK

INTRODUCTION This study focuses on the quality of natural lighting within educational spaces.

Because they are disproportionate to the space function, the lighting is either low or much higher than the space requirement.

After studying and evaluating the current situation, we will study one of the most important factors affecting improving the quality of natural lighting is the shading and reflection systems.

Then, several proposals were made to design different windows and shading systems and simulate their impact on the quality of the intensity of natural lighting in the classroom and their impact on different facades of various types through simulation programs for natural lighting (Revit daylight analysis - DiaLux).

Based on the simulation results, different proposals and their different effects were compared for each interface.

Study Cases

OBJECTIVE Design alternatives of window openings and shading systems to reduce direct sunlight while maintaining visual connection

Case One - east

Case Two - west Measurements Matching with simulation software Proposals for window openings Type A

Type B

Type C

Type D

Simulation during different times and different dates

PROBLEM STATEMENT Natural lighting has several benefits, especially in educational spaces and its impact on various aspects of its impact on the performance and productivity of students and their health and also on the other hand its impact on the provision of electricity consumption and many other different benefits, and after proving these benefits and prove their harm when neglected it is necessary to study design variables Effect on the quality of the intensity of natural lighting in the classroom, and although the lighting is sufficiently available at times, but it is difficult to take advantage of the lack of adequate form of space.

Hence, one of the most important factors influencing the study and its impact was selected: window design and shading and reflection systems and how to improve the current situation once these systems are changed.

DESIGN ALTERNATIVES OF SHADING DEVICES

Date Summer Solstice

Time Winter Solstice

8 AM

12 PM

3 PM

Simulation results Choose the type of window to work on Type 1 Type 2

Choose cases that need shading devices SHADING DEVICES proposals

Type 3 Type 4

SIMULATE the effect of shading devicess on selected cases Reduce direct sunlight

EVALUATE the performance of shading systems through their impact on:

Visual Communication

RECOMMENDATIONS: Advantages and disadvantages of the design proposal

STUDY CASES Selected study cases CASE ONE Location: Building 535 - King Abdulaziz University.

Measurement date: 9/10/2019 Measurement times: 8 am - 1 pm - 3 pm.

Facade: West Facade CASE TWO Location: Building 535 - King Abdulaziz University.

Date of measurement: 14/10/2019 Measurement times: 8 am - 1 pm - 3 pm.

Facade: East Facade

DESIGN ALTERNATIVES OF WINDOW OPENINGS

COMPARE AND ANALYZE SIMULATION RESULTS

SIMULATION OF DESIGN ALTERNATIVES

Lux 6000 4000 2000 1000 800 600 400 200 100 50 0

22 December 2019 - East Facade

The selected classrooms have the same design specifications but only with a different orientation.

Classroom Plan

32

Classroom Interior Elevation

Average ratio acceptable illumination level in the space (from window to depth of space) With design alternatives of shading and reflection devices

ENERGY CALCULATIONS ENERGY

2.9. Project-1: Planar house - Course: Working Drawings Using BIM facilities, students are required to develop a ceoncept for a plus-energy vacation house. Afterthat, they are requested to provide the essential construction working drawings that reflect a deep practice of integrated planning

28

Crystalline Silicon PV Cells Area = 110 m2 Annual Energy Yield = 24,761 kWh/a

Devices & Appliances Avg. Annual Energy Consumption = 9,116 kWh/a

Credits: Baraa Ghabban, Hussam Farghal, Ahmed Motawakkil | Supervisors: Mohannad Bayoumi, Abdulaziz Afandi

03-01 PLANAR HOUSE

Planar House is a vacation unit designed for a couple. The house is located in Jeddah facing Obhour, it’s a two storey building that uses wood and concrete as construction elements, with an area of 135 msq. The concept emphasizes on an open plan while obtaining a zero net energy building. The building utilizes solar panels on the horizontal roof for energy gathering, combined with a small vertical wind turbine.

Lighting Avg. Annual Energy Consumption = 599 kWh/a

Design team : Albara’a Ghabban - Hossam Farghal - Ahmed ZainyMutwakil

Aeolos-V 10kW Quantity: 1 Annual Energy Yield = 3035 kWh/a A.C. Avg. Annual Energy Consumption = 8,256 kWh/a

Tesla Car (Model S) Avg. Daily Usage :100 km Charge Time (100km): 2 Hours 12 Mins Avg. Annual Energy Consumption(Daily Usage) = 6,970 kWh/a

60 2.9.3.

SITE PLAN

Tesla Powerwall Quantity: 6 Stores upto = 60,000 kWh Power = 12,000 kWh

Demand

PV Supply

Electrical Storage

Wind Supply

WORKING DRAWINGS | 3-1-9-9

Outline of the energy concept of the buiidling

ENERGYCALCULATIONS ENERGY



Concrete wall:

Typical exterior wall:

Typical interior wall: Air Gap

Air Gap







50 Int.

Ext.





Wood Board

Concrete

3m

8m







 

  

  

2.9.1. General overview

Wood Board Water Insulation Wood Column Thermal Insulation Wood Board Wood Board

U-Value = 0.15





 

Insulation

Wood Column Wood Board

23

3-1-1-1 | PLANER HOUSE





*Layers of the MISAPOR concrete and its U-value.

GROUND PLAN

U-Value = 0.229 *Layers of the exterior wall (west and south walls) with its U-value.

U-Value = 1.21 *Layers of the interior walls and its U-value.

BASEMENT PLAN 

 



1



 





 



















2



3

*Decrease in temperture and humidity in the exterior wall. 









WORKING DRAWINGS | 3-1-9-1

2.9.4. U-Value simulation for the developed external wall



 

F1

52







 

















 

 









 





 



17 16 15 14

13

13

12



12



11

11





10

9

 



 

 





  

4



3

2

1













5 



2 1

 



6



4

3





 

















 

7

 

5



8



6



9



7







8

 



10







 

14



15



16



1m

Concrete







 





 









   





 













ORKING DRAWINGS | 3-1-1-2

2.9.2. Left: Ground floor plan, Right: Basement plan

33

1m 1m

3m 3m

8m 8m





3-1-1-3 | PLANER HOUSE

25

2.9.5. Device basic load profile

*Decrease in temperture and humidity in the roof.

DETAILS SECTION A-A 2

7

6

10

3

4 









5 











 









5

4

6

2 1

















3

 

 





 

2 6

 

4 



5

2.9.6. Section A-A

B-B

1m

WORKING DRAWINGS

28

3m

 1:10

WORKING DRAWINGS | 3-1-3-1 8m

5 6 4 2

1



 







 



 















2





11



12













11

6

 12









1:10

 8m





 

 

272.9.8. Detailed drawings of different callouts in the sections [note: scale is not accurate] 

3-1-2-2 | PLANER HOUSE





1

 

 15    7    1:10    1- FAIR-FACED CONCRETE 45 CM   2- WOODEN BOARD 2.5 CM 3- WOODEN COULMN  4- THERMAL INSULATION 7.5 CM  5- MOISTURE INSULATION 0.5 CM 6- AIR GAP 2.5 CM 7- GLASS  8- REINFORCED CONCRETE  9- MORTAR 10- WOOD FRAME 11- WOODEN BEAM 12- BEAM JOINT  13- CONCRETE  14- METAL SHEET  15- STUD 16- ALUMINUM   3-1-3-2 | PLANER HOUSE 











14





12

1:20

5





14

11





11

16

2 4





14

15





7





 1m 2.9.7.

Section3mB-B





1:5 DETAILS





1:5



26SECTION





 















 



2.9.9. Use of sectional models as a tool to sketch the HVAC concept

MEP

Plumbing System - Supply and Drainage Pump

Valve

Cold Water

Hot Water

Water Gauge

Pump

Water Main

Water Closet Behind the Wall

Sump-Pit

Building Trap

Sanitary Sewers

Vent. Stack



  2.9.10. Overview of the HVAC system 

 

     

3-1-5-2  | PLANER HOUSE

  

33

2.9.11. Different details models

2.10. Project-2: Cantilever house - Course: Working Drawings

A

B

C

1

D

E

A301

F

G

H

Using BIM facilities, students are required to develop a ceoncept for a plus-energy vacation house. Afterthat, they are requested to provide the essential construction working drawings that reflect a deep practice of integrated planning 2669 mm 1350 mm

Credits: Salem Millibary, Siraj Mandoora, Azzouz Azzouz | Supervisors: Mohannad Bayoumi, Abdulaziz Afandi 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

1

21

1

UP

A303

4150 mm

6780 mm 1350 mm 1350 mm

2 2 1

1

3 150 mm

2365 mm

150 mm 1605 mm 150 mm 1645 mm 150 mm

2563 mm

1150 mm

1350 mm

4 1 A501

5915 mm

5

3000 mm

3000 mm

3000 mm

3000 mm

3000 mm

3000 mm

3000 mm

GROUND PLAN 2.10.3. Basement plan

Basement 1C : 50

B

300 mm

E

1

F

G

H

I

A302 A301

68

150 mm

D

CANTILEVER HOUSE

KAUARCH King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

3m

8m JOB / DRAWING No.

DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI

A-

DRAWN:

BASEMENT PLAN

0 mm

J

1m

CLIENT:

WORKING DRAWINGS | 3-2-1-2

A103

SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

1

4050 mm

4025 mm

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

1

18

A303 13

2700 mm

W8

1350 mm

0 mm

1

UP

1350 mm

0 mm

0 mm

1350 mm

1350 mm

5 mm

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

2 W11

1000 mm

1200 mm

1350 mm

1350 mm

1350 mm

3 1

2850 mm

1350 mm

1350 mm

4

5

SITE PLAN 2.10.1. Human eye view of the building

KAUARCH King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

CLIENT:

CANTILEVER HOUSE

DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI DRAWN:

SITE PLAN

SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

3000 mm

3000 mm

D

E

1025 mm

2 A501

FIRST PLAN

JOB / DRAWING No.

A - A101

2.10.4. Ground floor plan

Ground Plan 1 : 50 B

C

G

H DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI

1

A301

King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

J JOB / DRAWING No.

A - A105

DRAWN:

GROUND DETAIL 3m

I

CLIENT:

CANTILEVER HOUSE

KAUARCH 1m

F

SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

8m

3-2-1-3 | CANTILEAVER HOUSE W11

1 1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

1

18

A303 300 mm

150 mm

1

2

4 Elevation 2 - a 0 mm

915 mm

I201

5400 mm

1

3

3 W11

1 Elevation 1 - a

1870 mm

2790 mm

2540 mm

I201

1200 mm

5400 mm

5 mm

Elevation 1 - b

Elevation 1 - d

2 0 mm

0 mm

0 mm

4 3210 mm

5 3000 mm

2.10.2. Site plan

KAUARCH 1m

36

3m

King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

6064 mm

3000 mm

3000 mm

6295 mm

1 A502

3000 mm

3000 mm

24424 mm

3000 mm

12065 mm

3000 mm

2.10.5. First floor plan

CANTILEVER HOUSE 8m

SITE PLAN

CLIENT: DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI

67 A - A101

JOB / DRAWING No.

3-2-1-1 | CANTILEAVER HOUSE

DRAWN: SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

FIRST PLAN 1 : 100 CLIENT:

3000 mm

69

DETAILS

SECTION A-A 1 1

J

I

H

G

F

E

D

C

2

B

3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6

6 7

2 A504

7 8

8 9

04 Roof 6000 mm

9 10 10

11

03 First 3000 mm

2 A505

Section 2 - Callout 4 1:5

2

1 A505

25MM 200MM 50MM 5MM

1. PLASTER 2. REINFORCED CONCRETE 3. MEMBRENE 4. STEEL SHEET (MEMBRENE PROTECTION )

02 Ground 0 mm

5. L SHAPE STEEL (SUPPORTER ) 6. BOLT 7. STEEL (250MM*150MM) 8. THERMAL INSULATION 9. REINFORCED CONCRETE 10. I BEEM

1. GLASS PANEL 2. MEMBRENE 5MM 3. ALUMINIUM FRAME SECTION 4. WOOD BLOCK 5. THERMAL INSULATION 50MM 6. WOOD BLOCK 7. STEEL TUBE (250MM*150MM) 8. REINFORCED CONCRETE 200MM 9. I BEEM 10. L SHAPE STEEL FINISHING 11. ALUMINIUM FRAME SECTION

DETAILS KAUARCH

05.0 BASEMENT PLUMBING -3600 mm

CLIENT:

CANTILEVER HOUSE

King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

CALLOUT

1m

King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

3m

CANTILEVER HOUSE SECTION (2)

DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI

8m

AR473 -

1

2

3

4

AZOUZ AZOUZ SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

5

A304

4 5 6 7 8

71

3-2-2-1 | CANTILEAVER HOUSE

DRAWN:

5 6

2

3 JOB / DRAWING No.

SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

3

7

4

8

9

5

10 11 12

6

178 mm

KAUARCH

148 mm

1

A|-CANTILEAVER A504 3-2-3-1 HOUSE

DRAWN:

2 3 4

1

CLIENT:

JOB / DRAWING No.

DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI

1

2

2.10.6. Section A-A CTION B-B CANTILEVER HOUSE

Section 7 - Callout 3 1:5

178 mm

1 1 A506

9

7

10 2 A503

1

1 A504

04 Roof 6000 mm

Section 7 - Callout 4 1:5

2

1. REINFORCED CONCRETE 01 Basement Details - Callout 1 2. WOOD TREAD 1 1:5 3. I BEEM 4. L-ANGLE-BOLTED CONNECTION 5. GLASS ALUMINIUM 1. GYPSUM BOARD 25MM 6. GLASS PANEL ( 6MM ) 2. THERMAL INSULATION 100MM 7. STEEL BEEM ( STAIR SUPPORT ) 3. METAL STUD 4. SCREW BOLT 5. WOOD ( 150MM * 25 MM ) 6. PLASTER 25MM 7. REINFORCED CONCRETE 200MM 8. THERMAL INSULATION 50MM 9. WATERPROOF MEMBRENE 5MM 10. BRICK

1. GLASS PANEL ( 6mm ) 2. SLIDING DOOR ALUMINIUM SECTION 3. STEEL SHEET ( PROTECTION ) 4. WOOD BLOCK ( THERMAL BRIDGE ABSORBER ) 5. FLOOR FINISHING ( 600MM*600MM TILE ) 6. MORTER 7. THERMAL INSULATION 8. REINFORCED CONCRETE 9. L SHAPE BEEM 10. I BEEM 11. STEEL SHEET ( 6MM THEMAL INSULATION PROTECTION ) 12. L SHAPE STEEL SUPPORT ( 3MM )

04 Roof 6000 mm

DETAILS 03 First 3000 mm

03 First 3000 mm

74

1 2 3 4

KAUARCH

02 Ground 0 mm

WORKING DRAWINGS |CALLOUT 3-2-3-2

JOB / DRAWING No.

CALLOUT

1

2

5

3

02 Ground 0 mm

4 5

7

8

6

9

8

7 8

10

9

9 10

05.0 BASEMENT PLUMBING -3600 mm

01 Basement Details - Callout 1 1:5

2

6 7

KAUARCH King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

CLIENT: DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI DRAWN: SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

CANTILEVER HOUSE CALLOUT JOB / DRAWING No.

A - A302

02 Ground Detail - Callout 1 1:5

Section 7 - Callout 6 1:5

1. GLASS PANEL ( 6mm ) 2. SLIDING DOOR ALUMINIUM SECTION 1. GYPSUM BOARD 25MM ( 600MM*600MM TILES ) 2. THERMAL INSULATION 3. FLOOR FINISHING 100MM 4. MORTAR 3. SCREW BOLT 5.STEEL RODS ( CONNECTING TERRACE WITH INTERIOR FLOOR ) 4. METAL STUD 6.

WOOD BLOCK 5. LAG SCREW 7. THERMAL 6. GLASS PANEL ( SOLAR PANEL COVERINSULATION ) 6MM 8. STEEL SHEET 450MM ( 4MM ) 7. REINFORECED CONCRETE 9. L SHAPE STEEL25MM SHEET SUPPORT(3MM ) 8. PLASTER 10. I BEEM 9. STONE

1. GYPSUM BOARD 25MM 2. THERMAL INSULATION 100MM 3. METAL STUD 4. SCREW BOLT 5. WOOD ( 150MM * 25 MM ) 6. PLASTER 25MM 7. REINFORCED CONCRETE 200MM 8. THERMAL INSULATION 50MM 9. WATERPROOF MEMBRENE 5MM 10. BRICK

2 A506

SECTION (1)

SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

CANTILEVER HOUSE A - A505

3

1

versity Department of Architecture

2

2

6

1

CANTILEVER HOUSE UARCH NG DRAWINGS | 3-2-2-2

DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI

4

7

05.0 BASEMENT PLUMBING -3600 mm

2.10.7. Sectoion B-B

CLIENT:

KAUARCH

1

DRAWN: King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

1

5

1 A503

CANTILEVER HOUSE

King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

3 4

5 6

Section 7 - Callout 5 1:5

KAUARCH King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

CANTILEVER HOUSE

CLIENT:

CALLOUT

DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI DRAWN:

2.10.8. Different construction details

SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

JOB / DRAWING No.

A - A501

2

Section 2 - Callout 1 1:5

1. WOODBOARD (25MM ) 2. REINFORCED CONCRETE (200MM) 3.THERMAL INSULATION (50MM) 4. CONCRETE (70MM) 5.BRICK (200MM) 6. WATERPROOF ( 5MM ) 7. BUILDING BAD ( 200MM)

CLIENT: DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI DRAWN:

JOB / DRAWING No.

A - A506

SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

3-2-3-3 | CANTILEAVER HOUSE

75

73

DIAGRAM HVAC / SUPPLY & DRAINAGE

PACKAGE

MEP STACK VENT.

PLUMING

KAUARCH King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

3-2-9-4 | CANTILEAVER HOUSE

CANTILEVER HOUSE

89

CLIENT: DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI DRAWN:

MEP SECTION

JOB / DRAWING No.

AR473 -

G605

AZOUZ AZOUZ SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

WATER TANK WATER HEATER

DR AN AIG E

SUMP PIT

LY PP SU

MEP2.10.9.

HVAC

Plumbing concept

KAUARCH

PUMP

CLIENT:

CANTILEVER HOUSE

King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI DRAWN:

Supply 3D

3-2-5-2 | CANTILEAVER HOUSE JOB / DRAWING No.

AR473 -

P901

81

AZOUZ AZOUZ SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

PACKAGE

AIR SUPPLY

AIR RETURN

80

WORKING DRAWINGS | 3-2-5-1

KAUARCH

CANTILEVER HOUSE

2.10.10. HVAC Airconditioning concept

King Abdulaziz University Department of Architecture

CLIENT: DR. MOHANNAD BAYOUMI ARCH. ABDUALAZIZ AFANDI DRAWN: SALEM MALIBARY SIRAJ MANDOURAH

JOB / DRAWING No.

A - M901

2.10.11. Sample of the developed models for the project

PLANS 9

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

B1-

2.11. Project-3: Linear house - Course: Working Drawings

A301 ---

31200 mm

Using BIM facilities, students are required to develop a ceoncept for a plus-energy vacation house. Afterthat, they are requested to provide the essential construction working drawings that reflect a deep practice of integrated planning

MODELS

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

Credits: Homoud Alkhammash, Badr Takha, Abdulaziz Alghamdi | Supervisor: Mohannad Bayoumi

A

8550 mm

A

1

0 mm

2 3 4

DN

900 mm

B

4800 mm

18550 mm

B

A1 A302 A509

DN

C 5200 mm

C

D

D 9

PLANS 100 114 2.11.1.

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

Ground Floor Plan

2.11.3. Ground floor plan

0

1

2

3

3m

WORKING DRAWINGS | 3-3-01-2

1

WORKING DRAWINGS | 3-3-06-1

General overview of the project

GROUND 9FLOOR PLAN 8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

1 : 100 31200 mm

SITE PLAN

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

3900 mm

N

WORKING DRAWING - AR472

STUDENTS NAME:

A SUPERVISORS: DR.-ING. MOHANNAD BAYOMY - ARCH. ABDULAZIZ AFANDI

GROUND FLOOR PLAN ARCHITECTURAL

ABDULAZIZ ALGHAMDI BADR TAKHAH HOMOUD ALKHAMMASH

DAT

A KAUARCH

8550 mm

SCA

-2250 mm

0 mm

900 mm

UP 1

2

3

4

5

6

7 8

4800 mm

9 10 11 12 13 14 15

-2250 mm

B

18550 mm

B

16 17 18

C 5200 mm

C

D

D 9

0

SITE PLAN

2.11.2. Site plan showing the energy generating PV-Modules WORKING DRAWING - AR472

39

SUPERVISORS: DR.-ING. MOHANNAD BAYOMY - ARCH. ABDULAZIZ AFANDI

STUDENTS NAME:

ABDULAZIZ ALGHAMDI BADR TAKHAH HOMOUD ALKHAMMASH

1

2

3

8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

3m

3-3-01-1 | LINEAR HOUSE N

S HE E T N O

99

2.11.4. Basement floor plan

SITE PLAN DATE:

201

SCALE:

1:1

KAUARCH

1

BASEMENT FLOOR PLAN 1 : 100

Basement Floor Plan

0

1

2

3

3m

Section 2 - Callout 1 Scale 1:10 1. Tile , 5mm 2. Cement Mortar , 20mm 3. Sand 50mm 4. Concrete ,100mm 5. Thermal Insulation , 50mm 6. Waterproof Insulation , 5mm 7. Reinforced Concrete , 200mm 8. Aluminium 9. Double Glass 10. Steel Sheet , 6mm

DETAILS

104

WORKING DRAWINGS | 3-3-03-1

Thermal bridges emerge as a result of design and construction errors. Heat loss through thermal bridges causes the building’s energy requirements to increase, and .this is related to a great increase of heating expenses Already during the design phase, it is worth considering proper protection of spots sensitive to the emergence of thermal bridges, i. e. balconies, ledges, parapet walls, .terraces, etc

ONS

Section 2 - Callout 5 Scale 1:10 1. Plastic Batten 2. Insulation 3. Compression Bearing 4. Steel Plates With Bars 5. Stretched Bars

2.11.5. Section - 1

DETAILS 1080

Section B-B

1WORKING2DRAWINGS 3 |3-3-03-5

3m

3-3-02-2 | LINEAR HOUSE

103

Section 2 - Callout 2 Scale 1:10 1. Ceiling 2. Celotex 3. Wide Flange Beam 4. Aluminium

2.11.6. Section 2

2.11.7. Selected details 3-3-03-2 | LINEAR HOUSE

Section A-A

0

1

2

3

3m

105

2.12. Vertical extension of the Faculty of Architecture and Planning Design studio excercise with focus on integrated planning taking into consideration the need to cooridnate the architectural design with structural and construction challenges Credits: Nawaf Albishi | Supervisor: Mohannad Bayoumi

Overview The design idea creates a new independent structure on top of the existing building structure of the Faculty of Architecture and Planning.

This step was made to enhance the quality of life in the architecture design studios and faculty office spaces. The proposal also considers new usages for the old structure that include administrative facilities and workshop rooms.

The massive existing cores of the building have been rebuilt and used to support a vierendeel beam that holds three floors of academic facilities. The space between the existing roof and the new buiding will be reserved for public activities.

2.12.1. Project site in the academic square of King Abdulaziz University

2.12.3. Perspective showing the relationship between the existing structure and the proposed one

2.12.2. Explanation of the basic components of the proposed structure

2.12.4. Example of the use on roof of the existing building

41

2.13. Start-up and business acceleration units-KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia The rooftop remodeling excercise provided the student with experience in dealing with the challenges of existing structures.

An assembly of incubators and start-up facilities in King Abdulaziz University.

Credits: Abdallah Alshihri | Supervisor: Mohannad Bayoumi

Overview The project aims at creating spaces for companies that represent the industry sector to be located in a close proximity to the academic institution. The proposed learn and working environment shall help students and scientists transform their ideas and patented solutions into commercial products. The design suggessts a series of spaces that share a common roof outdoor space. A large canopy os also integrated as part of the rooftop remodelling of the building. Several chimneys have been incorporated into the atrium to enable stack ventilation of the existing spaces in the lower floors. CFD modeling of the performance of the chimney has been considered and can be reviewed in the detailed presentation.

2.13.3. Illustration of the new structures 2.13.1. Left: Project location on the roof of the Faculty of Engineering; Right: Basic zoning of the suggested functions

2.13.2. Basic components of the roof structures

42

2.13.4. Detailed sections that describe the relationships between the new structures and the old ones

3.

Selected RESEARCH work

3.1. Grading Cloud System

Normal distribution of average jury grade across design studios - All levels - [Average final grade by external examiners]

Development of a [Criteria based] grading system that maximizes the fairness of the grading process throughout the semester and on the midterm and final juries - Aims: controlling grade inflation and comparing students, studios and instructors Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Ahmed Khan

300 3rd year

40

200 2nd year

400 4th year

Each member of the academic jury [instructor + 2 other external instructors] were given an online questionnaire that lists the grading criteria -project relevantaccording to NAAB. Each evaluators had to grade each criterion according to a scale of [fail, poor, average, good and outstanding].

500 5th year

35

KAUARCH GRADING CLOUD

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS AND ARCHIVING 30

The shown early results presented an early proof of concept. After that, the system has been approved by the university officials.

STUDIO [x] LEVEL [xxx], SECTION [x]

Number of students

25

STUDIO [..]

LEVEL [..], SECTION [..]

20

15

STUDENT

STUDENT

10

5

PROGRESS GRADE

MIDTERM JURY GRADE

75%

0

FINAL JURY GRADE

15%

20%

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

Grade

3.1.2. First test results sowing normal distribution of grades in the midetrm jury of the 1st semester 2016 (2016-1) STUDIO INSTRUCTOR

NO GRADE

EXTERNAL COMMITTEE CLASS EVALUATION [2x/week]

5% [AVERAGE GRADE]

EXTERNAL COMMITTEE

10%

10% [AVERAGE GRADE]

10%

Before the new grading system [2014-2nd semester]:

2nd year

3rd year Normal distribution of grades across design studios [Level: 300 2014-semester: 2]

40

16

35

14

30

12 10

KAUARCH-SPAC [Student Performance Assesment Criteria] in accordance with NAAB [National Architectural Accrediting Board]

8 6 4

10 0

70

80

90

100

20 18

25

15

0

Normal distribution of grades across design studios [Level: 500 2014-semester: 2]

30

20

5 60

Normal distribution of grades across design studios [Level: 400 2014-semester: 2]

25

2

5th year

Number of students

18

Number of students

Number of students

2014-2

Normal distribution of grades across design studios [Level: 200 2014-semester: 2]

4th year

Number of students

STUDIO INSTRUCTOR

JURY MEMBER [x]

JURY MEMBER [2]

JURY MEMBER [1]

STUDIO INSTRUCTOR

HOMEWORK SUBMISSION

JURY MEMBER [x]

PARTICIPATION

JURY MEMBER [2]

JURY MEMBER [1]

ATTENDANCE

20 15 10 5

60

70

Grade

80

90

0

100

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2

60

70

Grade

80

90

0

100

60

70

Grade

80

90

100

Grade

ĿIJÓIJŊĴ Ľ DĘDOŨÜŘŖȚŨDÑŖÚSŦÚŤ QȚŔŖDIJÛÛŖÛÛŤ ŖȚŨDĴ ÚŠŨŖÚŠQ

In accordance with NAAB Specific Educational Goals

After the new grading system [2016-1st semester]:

wśĂŎ Ŧ . ỗ Lŧ ⅞ śĜẁĂ⅞ śŕ . ΡīŎ ŕ īŧ Ĝ t ẁĂľ⅞ īľśẅổÇśľĨ ŧ īľĂŎ{ŋīŎ Ŏ ẅĂŧ ŕ Yŧ Ųί Ŏ śŕ Ĝśỗ

2 3 4

2%

3%

4%

B

B

5

6

2%

5%

10%

B

7

B

4.1.

4.1.1 4.1.2 4.1.3 4.1.4 4.1.5 4.1.6 4.2.

4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5 4.3.

4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3

IJŔŔŖÛÛŠRŠTŠŨŰ(for i ndi vi dua l s wi th phys i cal (i ncludi ng mobi l i ty), s ens ory, a nd cogni ti ve di s a bi l i ti es ) Codes and Regulations Site Design Site planning Landuse zoning Access Circulation Privacy Security Vehcular parking design Quality of space Form, masses and proportions in response to surrounding environment Integration into built/unbuilt context Response to site characterstics Positive and negative space Spatial experience and hierarchy of space Landscape design Depth of landscape design Integration of soft and hardscape features Selection of trees and landscape features

2%

5.1 5.2 5.3

Life Safety Escape route Fire stairs Fire fighting lifts Environmental Systems Integration of passive heating/cooling methods Application of active heating/cooling systems Solar orientation Daylight and artificial illumination Acoustics Use of appropriate performance assessment tools

8%

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6

7%

7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4

Structural Systems Sensitivity to structural issues Selection of appropriate system Understanding of structural behavior Response to lateral loads

8

13% 5%

6%

B

Building Envelope Systems Integration of Façade design Consideration of thermal performance aspects Consideration of visual performance aspects Use of appropriate shading devices Relationship between inside and outside Building expression Integration with existing urban setting Incorporation of renewable energy systems Wall section

8%

8%

9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6

Building Service Systems Core design Ratio to used area Arrangement of cores Efficiency of space Vertical transportation Calculation of number of vehicles Required mechanical spaces Shaft design for plumbing Shaft design for Air conditioning Consideration of building systems in ceiling and floor heights Provision of electromechanical spaces

10.1 10.2 10.3

Building Materials and Assemblies Appropriate selection of construction materials Integration of building material with surrounding structures (color and texture) Presence of additional special construction details

6%

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 8.7 8.8 8.9 9 9.1

9.2

3%

B

10

AC

1

Graphical skills Use of diagrams and illustration tools Graphics clarity Sheet organization Text and annotation Othographics Plans Sections Elevations Detailed drawings 3d digital models Quality of models Quality of renderings Physical models Process models Quality Impact on design development Final model Quality Usefulness in presentation Graphical skills Sheet organization Use of diagrams and illustration tools Text and annotation Communication skills Overall look Verbal presentation Team work and collaboration

3%

3%

Normal distribution of grades across design studios [Level: 200 2016-semester: 1]

2%

4%

Normal distribution of grades across design studios [Level: 300 2016-semester: 1]

18 3%

3%

100%

Normal distribution of grades across design studios [Level: 400 2016-semester: 1]

25

16 14 12 10 8 6 4

20 15 10 5

60

70

80 Grade

3.1.1. General overview of the grading system

44

90

100

0

16

50

14

45

12 10 8 6 4 2

2 0

Normal distribution of grades across design studios [Level: 500 2016-semester: 1]

Number of students

J B B

2%

Number of students

30% 2%

Number of students

SC 1.5 1.5.1 1.5.2 1.5.3 1.5.4 1.5.5 1.5.6 1.5.7 1.5.8 SC 1.6 1.6.1 1.6.2 1.6.3 SC 1.7 1.7.1 1.7.2 1.8 1.8.1 1.8.2

Pre-Design Problem statement Understanding of project task Clarity of problem definition Language proficiency Case study Selection and investigation Analysis and relation to project Standard dimensions and building code Research through reference literature Application into project Building code revision and application Site Analysis Record of relevant building regulations Statement of site conditions Production of design response vignettes to each stated condition [Reference: E. White, Site Analysis 1983] Architectural programming Comprehension of program Assessment of client and user needs Feasibility and economical dimensions Inventory of space and equipment requirements Zoning and relationships Architectural modular system Structural modular system Efficiency of space Statement of design criteria Response to site analysis and regulations Response to program Response to codee Site use alternatives Extent of different solutions Critical assesment of each scenario (+/-) Concept Response to design criteria Illustration of concept development process

Number of students

1 SC 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.2 1.1.3 SC 1.2 1.2.1 1.2.2 SC 1.3 1.3.1 1.3.2 1.3.3 SC 1.4 1.4.1 1.4.2 1.4.3

2016-1

Ę

60

70

80 Grade

90

100

0

40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5

60

70

80

90

100

0

60

Grade

3.1.3. Comparison showing the impact of the newly impemented system on the overall grade of the students

70

80 Grade

90

100

Elaboration of the reults shown in the first conducted test [2016-1st semester] 2016-1 -

4th

Detailed comparison per category across studios

year

2016-1 – 4th year

4

4

3

0

Architecture Creative Team Studio-1

City Studio Studio-2

Human Studio-3 Architecture Unit

Average of Research

Average of Concept

Average of Presentation

Average of All categories

STUDENTS Architecture Creative Team

NewStudio-4 Vision Studio

Studio-1

Average of All categories

Average of Design

3.1.4. General comparison between design studios [Main categories]

Detailed comparison across studios [Design]

2016-1 - 4th year

STUDENTS City Studio Studio-2

Average of Research

3

2

2

2

1 1

1

1

0 1 1

Average of Concept

2

2

1 1

2

2

2

STUDENTS Human Architecture Unit Studio-3

3

Average of Design

2

2

2

2

2

2

1

2

2 2

2

2

2

2 ‫ﺳراج ﻣﺣﻣود اﺑن ﺳراج ﻣﻧدوره‬

1

1 1 1

1

2

2

‫اﻟﺑراء اﺑراھﯾم ﺑن ﺣﺳن ﻏﺑﺎن‬

1

1 1 1

2

1

‫ﻋزوز ﻣﺣﻣداﯾﻣن ﻣﺣﻣود ﻋزوز‬

2

0 1

2

2

‫ﺣﺳﺎن ﻣﺻطﻔﻰ اﺑراھﯾم اﻷﺛﺎث‬

2

0 1

1

‫ﺣﻣود ﻋﺑداﻟرﺣﻣن ﺣﻣود اﻟﺧﻣﺎش‬

2

2

2

2

2

2

‫ﻋﺑدﷲ ﻣﺑروك ﻣﺑﺎرك اﻟﺑﺷري‬

3

2

1

1

2

2

‫اﺣﻣد ﻣﺣﻣد ﺣﺎﻣد زﯾﻧﻲ ﻣﺗوﻛل‬

2

2

2

0 1

2

2

2

1

2

‫ﺑدر ﻣﺟدي ﻋﺑﺎس ﺗﺧﮫ‬

2

1

2

3

‫ﺳﺎﻟم اﺣﻣد ﻣﺣﻣد ﻣﻠﯾﺑﺎري‬

1

1

0 1

1

‫ﻣﺣﻣود ﺻﺑﺣﻲ اﺣﻣد اﺑو اﻟﺧﯾر‬

2

3

2

‫ﻣﺣﻣد ﻋﺑدﷲ ﻣﺣﻣد اﻟﻌﻣودي‬

1

3

3

1 2

‫ﻋﺑداﻻﻟﮫ ﻣﺣﻣد ﻋﺑدﷲ ﺑﺎﻣوﺳﻰ‬

2

3

3

2

2

2

‫اﻟﺣﺳن ﻋﻣر ﻋﺑد اﻟﮭﺎدي ﻧوار‬

2

2

2

2

‫ﻣﺣﻣد ﻋﺑد رﺑﺔ ﺻﺎﻟﺢ اﻟﻘﺎﻧﺻﻲ‬

3

2

3

2

0 1

2

‫اﻟﺑراء ﻣﺣﺳن ﻣﺣﻣد اﻻﻧﺻﺎري‬

‫ﻣﺳﺎﻋد ﻣﺳﻔر اﻟزھراﻧﻲ‬

3

2

2

0 2

3

1

2

2

‫اﺣﻣد ﻋﺑداﻟﻛرﯾم ﻣﺣﻣد ﺑﺎﻧﺎﻓﻊ‬

2

1

2

2

2

3

‫ﻋﻼء اﺣﻣد ﻋﻠﻲ ﻋﺳﯾري‬

2

1

1

2

3

3

‫ﺣﺎﻣد ﻋﻠﻲ ﺑن ﻋوﺿﮫ اﻟﺷﻣراﻧﻲ‬

1

1

2

2

‫راﻋب دﺑﺎس‬

2

‫أﺣﻣد اﻟدرﯾﺳﻲ‬

1

1

3

2

‫ﻣﺷﻌل اﻟﻣوﻟد‬

1

3

1

2

‫راﻏب دروﯾش‬

2

2

1

2

‫ﻣﺎزن ﻋراﺑﻲ‬

2

2

2

3

‫ﻋﺑداﻟﻌزﯾز ﯾﻌﻘوب‬

2

1

2

‫ﻣﺣﻣد ﻧﺎﺻر اﻟﺣرﺑﻲ‬

2

3

2

‫ﻓﯾﺻل اﻟدوﺑﻲ‬

2

2

2

2

‫ﻣﺣﻣود ﻋطﯾﮫ‬

4: outstanding

2

2

3

2

‫ﺳﻠطﺎن اﻟﻘﺛﺎﻣﻲ‬

3: very good

Average grade

2: average/good

2

‫ﻣﺣﻣد اﻟﺷﻣﯾﺳﻲ‬

1: poor

2

‫رﯾﺎن اﻟﺷﺎﻟﻲ‬

2

‫ﻋﺑﺎﻟﻌزﯾز اﻟﻐﺎﻣدي‬

3

0: fail

‫ﺣﺳﺎم ﻓرﻏل‬

3

3

3

‫ﻋﺑداﻟﻌزﯾز ﻋطﯾف‬

Scale:

4

STUDENTS New Vision Studio Studio-4

Average of Presentation

3.1.6. Comparison between the students of the different design studios [Main categories]

3

Average examiners' grades

2016-1 - 4th year

100%

90%

80%

2 Grades

70%

Average grade

60%

1

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

Studio-1 Architecture Creative Team

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [1- Site planning]

Studio-2 City Studio

Studio-3 Human Architecture Unit

Studio-4 New Vision Studio

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [2- Integration into built/unbuilt context]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [3- Quality of space]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [4- Form, masses and proportions]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [5- Modular system [architectural and structural]]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [6- Consideration of environmental factors]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [7- Structural system]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [8- Integration of building systems]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [9- Bulding materials and construction methods]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [10- Façade configuration and intelligence]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [11- Human and social dimensions]

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [12- Efficiency of space]

0% Mahmoud Eissa Hani shata Maged Attiya adnan adas Abdulaziz Ashari Jahid Tarim Mohammed Emad Hammad Fikri2 Ahmed Khan Naif Alnajar Dr. Khaled Ali Youssef Farooq Mofti Ahmed Elkhateeb Mohammed Fageha Mostafa Sabbagh Adel Alzahrani Turki Gazzaz Mohammed Eid Mohannad Bayoumi Mahmoud Eissa Mohammad Fageeha Maged Attiya Farooq Mofti Mostafa Sabbagh Ahmad Boukari Mohammed Emad Abdulaziz Albarak Ahmed Elkhateeb Adel Alzahrani abdullah ghalib Turki Gazzaz Mohammad Ismaeel Ahmed Khan Abdulaziz Afandi Mohammed Eid Naif Alnajar Abdulaziz Ashari Ahmed Felimban Ayman Etani Abdulrahman Gazzaz Mahmoud Eissa Naif Alnajar Jahid Tarim Maged Attiya adnan adas Farooq Mofti Hammad Fikri2 Ahmed Elkhateeb Mohammad Ismaeel Khaled Yousef Ahmad Boukari Mohammed Emad Mohannad Bayoumi Abdulaziz Afandi Mohammad Fageeha Adel Alzahrani Abdulaziz Albarak Ahmed Felimban Abdulaziz Ashari Ahmed Khan Mohammed Eid Maged Attiya2 Jahid Tareem Mahmoud Eissa abdullah ghalib yousef hijazi Naif Alnajar2 Abdulaziz Ashari2 Abdulaziz Albarrak Ahmad Alkhateeb2 Turki Gazzaz Mohammad Fageeha Abdullaziz Albarak Khaled Yousef Hammad Fikri22 adnan adas Mohammad Ismaeel Ayman Etani Abdulrahman Gazzaz Mohannad Bayoumi Ahmed Felimban

0

200

300

400

Average of Design ( Variable Criteria ) [13- Economical aspects and feasibility]

3.1.5. Comparison between design studios [Breakdown of the design category]

3.1.7. General comparison between examiners’ grades [average graades in the midterm jury]

500

3.2. PhD research overview: Plus-Energie Hochhäuser in der subtropischen Klimaregion Entwicklung eines Planungs- und Optimierungswerkzeugs zur Konzeptionierung von energie-generierenden Bürohochhäusern

?

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Supervisors: Prof. Dietrich Fink, Prof. Gerhard Hausladen

?

100 % Gh 60 % Gh South

Abstract:

In Zeiten akuten Klimawandels sind energieeffiziente Hochhäuser v. a. in wirtschaftlich wachsenden Regionen dringend notwendig. Das Hochhaus als Maßnahme zur Verdichtung bietet zahlreiche Potenziale zur Nachhaltigkeit, die u. a. die Nutzung der vor Ort verfügbaren erneuerbaren Energien einschließen. Man geht davon aus, dass nach dem heutigen Stand der Technik Hochhäuser in der Zukunft nicht nur Energie sparen, sondern dem Verbrauchernetz sogar Energie spenden können.

Sie werden deshalb einen Teil der virtuellen Kraftwerkslandschaft darstellen. Mit Hilfe der im Rahmen dieser wissenschaftlichen Arbeit entwickelten Optimierungsalgorithmen können Architekten in der frühen Planungsphase Entscheidungen über die Maximierung der energetischen Performance des Hochhauses treffen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf der optimalen Integration von Solar- und Wind-energieerzeugung sowie der Energieeinsparung.

The need for energy efficient high-rise buildings is becoming imperative, especially in rapidly growing economies. This building type, a key for the densification of cities, offers potentials for sustainability that include the exploitation of on-site renewable energy. It is suggested that the high-rise building of the future should not only consume less energy, but rather provide energy to the grid. Building integrated energy generating devices are becoming essential components of many low- and high-rise buildings today. However, achieving net-zero or plus-energy balance in high-rise buildings postulates meticulous adjustments on many levels to achieve a successful synergy and to overcome technical insufficiencies.

This research focuses on optimising the incorporation of building integrated photovoltaic and vertical-axis wind turbines in building façade and the building body, respectively. The algorithms developed within the scope of this dissertation enable architects to make early decisions on the energy performance of high-rise buildings with regard to energy savings and energy generation strategies.

The embedded simulation and evaluation programmes in the optimisation process consider the impact of the optimised criteria on user comfort and formal quality.

?

Abstrakt:

OBJECTIVE To come up with a series of planning assisting criteria for optimising high-rise facades in the selected location, considering energy conservation and energy generation.

This scientific work questions the possibility of covering the annual lighting and cooling demand of high-rise building through its facade. It also questions the optimum cooling energy generating system, whether by compression via electricity or by absorption via heat energy (solar cooling).

?

+

EXCESS

Besides optimising the facade, it is important to examine the possibility of adding extra vertical or horizontal surfaces for further energy generation. This means extra facade areas that don't cover used spaces that require energy.

The extra areas, contribute positively to the energy generated balance. The question remains, how high or how long the extra areas should extend and which tilt angle will they have.

3.2.2. Example of the results generated by the solar energy optimization tool [SEOT] which focuses on the facades

SOLAR THERMAL COOLING ABSORPTION CHILLER

HEAT

ENERGY (SOLAR RADIATION)

COLD (SOLAR COOLING)

SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS

COLD (SOLAR COOLING) COLD (ELECTRICAL COOLING)

ROOM TEMPERATURE (THERMAL COMFORT)

COOLING LOAD

SOLAR ELECTRICAL COOLING ENERGY (SOLAR RADIATION)

COLD (ELECTRICAL COOLING)

COMPRESSOR PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

ELECTRIC ENERGY

AIR (HYGIENIC COMFORT)

AIR HANDLING UNIT

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

LIGHTING DEMAND

LIGHT (VISUAL COMFORT)

EQUIPMENTS (EVENTUALLY)

ELEVATORS

TRANSPARENT PART OF THE FACADE

3.2.1. General overview of the software that were developed within the scope of the PhD REFLECTED ENERGY

TRANSMITTED ENERGY (DAY LIGHT)

ENERGY (SOLAR RADIATION)

46

TRANSMITTED ENERGY (HEAT)

3.2.3. Different possible facade facade configurations with their impact on the performance - generated by one of the 7 optimization models

3.2.6. Optimization procedure and the generated ranking of the potential spots fo rthe rotors 3.2.4. Main optimization parameters in the wind energy optimization tool [WEOT] 2.2.6.

2.2.4.

Optimization procedure and the generated ranking of the potential spots fo rthe rotors

Main optimization parameters in the wind energy optimization tool [WEOT]

Rahmenbedingungen Umgebung

Windäufigkeit

Windgeschwindigkeit

Windrichtung

Geländerauigkeit

Gebäudeform

Gebäudehöhe

Windgeschwindigkeit an einer bestimmten Zone am/auf/im Hochhaus at/on/in high-rise building Ertrag

Eigenschaften des Windrotors Position x,y,z

Rotorenzahl

Optimierungsparameter

Rotorenfläche

Sonsitge Parameter

2.2.5.Calculation Calculationprocedure procedure of of the from thethe points around the skin the of high-rise buildingbuilding 3.2.5. theenergy energyyield yield from points around theof skin the high-rise

2.2.7. Impact 3.2.7. of the application bothapplication optimizationoftools and WEOT] on improving theWEOT] performance of the highImpact ofofthe both[SEOT optimization tools [SEOT and on improving the performance of the high-rise rise building and achieving a plus energyabalance building and achieving plus energy balance

Input

M.Sc. Thesis: Optimizing the hgih-rise facade Window properties

Input

Height

Input

Development afacade facadeplanning planning toolthat thatintegrates integratesenergy energygenerating generatingwith withenergy energysaving saving features features ofofa Optimizing tool 2.3.Development M.Sc. Thesis: the hgih-rise facade Case study place: Hotarid aridzone zone inthe thesubtropical subtropicalclimate climateregion region Case study place: Development of a Hot facade planningin tool that integrates energy generating with energy saving features

?

?

??

+ EXCESS

Increasing Adding extra the efficiency areas forofenergy the Normal condition Increasing wherethe efficiency Normal condition of the where Increasing the efficiency of the

200 150

250 200 150 100 50

50

0

1 2 3

200

100 50 0

150 100 50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number of floors

-100 200 -200

200 200 100 100

100

-300

0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number of floors Number of floors

Simulation

-

gglass-Value among

Find the optimum

+ -

+ -

+ -

where the total Fc-factor electrc ENERGY

demand is Fc-factor

+ -

+ -

Optimize facade Electric cooling

Electric cooling

(25%,50%,75%) gglass-Value minimized.

Tilt angle

Total[E][kWh/m .a]= Tilt angle 2

Cold[E]+Electricity[E]

Analogue approach Solar cooling

Analogue approach

Find the optimum window ratio among (25%,50%,75%) where the total collector AREA demand is minimized.

Find the optimum window ratio

Find the optimum window ratio among (25%,50%,75%) among where the total Available (25%,50%,75%) Yes area is electrc ENERGY where the total sufficient? electrc ENERGY demand is demand is minimized. minimized.

TotalNo [E][kWh/m .a]= Total[E][kWh/m2.a]=Cold[E]+Electricity[E] Cold[E]+Electricity[E] 2

Total[A][m2]= Solar collectors[A] + Photovoltaic cells[A]

Better facade properties Better facade Digitalproperties approach

No

0

devices Digital approach

Optimize area?

Optimum window ratio

-100

-200

-200

Number of Floors

-300 -300

-400

Min.

Yes

[%]

1

2

3

4

5

Optimize area?

Available facade area for solar devices

Available facade area for solar devices

No

Optimize area?

Yes

Window ratio

Max.

Min.

Area deficit

Optimum window ratio

Area for solar devices x

x

?

Area for solar devices

Window ratio

Yes

Available facade area

Available facade area

x

1st optimization process

Energy deficit “if exists”

x

?

Extra generated energy “if exists” 7

8

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Number of Floors

Solar cooling Cooling

Lighting, Fans, Pumps & I.T.

[kWh/m .a] 2

Electric cooling

Cold

Electric

Electric

Electric

Yes

Energy demand [kWh/m2.a]

Generated energy

Sufficient ?

No

Roof?

+

Energy deficitEnergy “if exists” demand [m ] 2

-400

-300 -400 -300 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 after 2 3 4facade 5 6 7 8optimization 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 -400 The deteriorating energy balance (left) improves for minimizing energy demand and maxi1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Number of Floors Number of Floors Number of Floors mizing energy production (middle). Furthermore, Adding more area for energy generation purposes helps Number lifting the of Floors Cooling -400 -400 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1 2by 3 increasing 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14floors 15 16 17 (right).

18 19 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19Lighting, 20 energy Number balance curve to exceed the zero limit number of Fans, Pumps & I.T. of floors Number of Floors

Available facade area

Area deficit

x ratio Optimum window

Generated energy

-300 -200 -300

-400

x

Energy demand

0

6

Recommended

[kWh/m2.a]

100

-100 -200 -200

Area for solar devices

[%]

Optimum window ratio

200

0 -100 -100

Window ratio

Recommended Optimum Min. window Max. ratio

100 100

0

No

Max.

300

-300

-400-100 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Recommended

Required facade area to cover the demand

facade area to cover the demand

Photovoltaic solar cells[A]

Digital approach

area is sufficient?

No R e q u i r e d

facade Total[A][m2]= Total[A][m2]= Solar collectors[A] + area for Solar collectors [A] + Photovoltaic cells [A]

+ EXCESS

200 200

-100

Yes

Using the opaque part of the facade for energy generation via solar devices

Using the opaque part of the facade for energy generation via solar Available devices

No

Find the optimum Find the optimum window ratio window ratio among among (25%,50%,75%) (25%,50%,75%) Area where the deficit total where the total collector AREA collector AREA demand is demand is minimized. minimized.Available

Adding extra areas for energy Adding extra areas for energy

300 300

0

Available area is sufficient?

Required Yes

facade area to cover the demand

Solar cooling

Solar cooling

Adding extra areas for energy Adding extra for energy generation helps achieving ageneration helpsareas achieving a generation helps achieving helps achieving a positive energy balance ageneration positive energy balance positive energy balance positive energy balance

400

100

Using the opaque part of the facade for energy generation via solar devices

Optimize facade

Find required collectors areas

Use pre-simulated data from Databank

or

Simulation

Simulation

Window ratio

+ EXCESS

400 400

0

Supply Supply -200 [kWh/m2.a] -100 -200 [kWh/m2.a]

Supply [kWh/m2.a]

End energy balance [kWh/m2.a]

Supply [kWh/m2.a]

-

Window ratio window ratio +

In the case of solar cooling, energy demand for cooling and electricity is converted into collectors’ areas, namely, Cover demand Solar collectors and Photovoltaics respectively.

Number of Floors

Electric cooling Cooling

Cold Extra Electric

Lighting, Fans, Pumps & I.T.

Yes

Electricenergy “if exists” generated

Varying parameters

Electric

Solar cooling

Cooling

Cold Electric

Electric cooling

Sufficient Roof area ?

Yes

Electric

[m ] 2

cooling

2

mizing energy production (middle). Furthermore, Adding more area for energy generation purposes helps lifting the energy balance curve to exceed the zero limit by increasing number of floors (right).

2.3.2. Impact of facade configuration on the energy balance of the mutistory building (Standpoint: Riyadh, SA) 3.3.2. Impact of facade configuration on the energy balance of the mutistory building (Standpoint: Riyadh, SA)

25 2.3.2. 48 Impact of facade configuration on the energy balance of the mutistory building (Standpoint: Riyadh, SA)

cooling

Cooling

Lighting, Fans, Pumps & I.T.

Output Sol. thermal collectors Photovoltaic cells

cooling

Photovoltaic cells Photovoltaic cells

2.3.3. General structure of the developed optimization tool Output 3.3.3. General structure of the developed optimization tool

2.3.3.

? ?

No Number of Floors

Sufficient ?

Roof?

+

No

No

+

Yes

Electric

Installed collectors The deteriorating energy balance (left) improves after facade optimization for minimizing energy demand and maxi2.3.2.

Impact of facade configuration on theimproves energy balance of the mutistory building (Standpoint: Riyadh, SA) General structure of the developed optimization tool Electric Solar The deteriorating energy balance (left) after facade optimization for minimizing energy demand andlifting maxi-2.3.3. mizing energy production (middle).

Furthermore, Adding more area for energy generation purposes helps the [m ] Sol. thermal Photovoltaic Cooling collectors cells mizing energy production (middle).

Furthermore, Adding more area for energy generation purposes helps lifting the Lighting, Photovoltaic Photovoltaic Installed collectors energy balance curve to exceed the zero limit by increasing number of floors (right).

Fans, Pumps & I.T. The deteriorating energy balance (left) improves after facade optimization for minimizing energy demand and maxicells cells energy Electric Solar 25 balance curve to exceed the zero limit by increasing number of floors (right). cooling

?

Go to Hypothesis [2]

Increasing the surface area 1st by adding extraprocess optimization vertical or horizontal surfaces for further energy generation.

1st optimization process

Electricdeficit cooling “if exists” Solar cooling Energy

Sol. thermal Photovoltaic Lighting, collectors cells Fans, Pumps & I.T. Photovoltaic Photovoltaic cells cells

Output

Yes

Extra generated energy “if exists” Generated energy

Installed collectors

Solar cooling

No

General structure of the developed optimization tool

Varying parameters

Roof area

Varying parameters

Increasing the surface area by adding extra No vertical or horizontal Roof? for further Go to Hypothesis [2] surfaces energy generation. Increasing the surf

Number of Floors Yes

Roof area

?

Go to Hypothesis [2]

?

0

300 150

300 300

200

In the case of solar cooling, energy demand for cooling and electricity is converted into collectors’ areas, namely, Solar collectors and Photovoltaics respectively.

?

100

300 0

350 200

250

End energy balance [kWh/m2.a]

300

100

400 400

End energy balance [kWh/m2.a] End energy balance [kWh/m2.a]

250

350

400 250

Enhance+facade Electric cooling

[%]

End energy balance [kWh/m2.a]

300

400

450 300

200

400

Manual input

Used percentage of the facade

Manual input

Optimum window ratio

End energy balance [kWh/m2.a] End energy balance [kWh/m2.a]

350

Energy Demand/Supply [kWh/m2.a]

400

Demand Demand [kWh/m2.a]

Demand [kWh/m2.a] [kWh/m2.a]

350

Tilt angle

?

Energy Demand/Supply [kWh/m2.a]

450

Energy Demand/Supply [kWh/m2.a]

450

500

+ -

Better facade properties

300

300

End energy balance [kWh/m2.a]

500

500

Energy Demand/Supply [kWh/m2.a]

450

Reduce demand

Enhance facade Optimize facade

Analogue approach

+ EXCESS

Used percentage of the facade

In the case of solar cooling, Energy demand energy demand for cooling and electricity is Energy demand converted into collectors’ areas, namely, Solar collectors and Cover demand Photovoltaics Cover demand respectively.

Reduce demand

Tilt angle

??

Increasing Adding extra the efficiency areas forofenergy the Normal condition Increasing wherethe efficiency Normal condition of the where Increasing the efficiency of the Adding extra areas for energy Adding extra areas for energy facade generation leads to helps the improvement achieving a generated energy facade doesn’t leads meet to generated the improvement energy doesn’t facade meet leads to the improvement generation helps achieving ageneration helps achieving a energyenergy balance balance of the the demand forofcooling the energy and the balance demand of the for cooling of and the energy balance of the of thepositive positive energy balance positive energy balance + EXCESS + EXCESS building electricity building electricity building + EXCESS + EXCESS

Increasing Adding extra the efficiency for ofenergy the a Normal condition where Normalgenerated condition Increasing where the efficiency Normal condition ofimprovement theenergy where Increasing the efficiency of the facade generation leads toareas helps the improvement achieving generated energy doesn’t meet energy facade doesn’t leads meet to generated the doesn’t facade meet leads to the improvement generation to helps the improvement achieving generated energy generated energy doesn’t leads to generated improvement energy doesn’t meet leads the improvement Demand ofleads the positive energy energy balance balance of the a thedoesn’t demandmeet for cooling and thefacade demand formeet of cooling thethe energy and the balance demand of facade the for cooling of and thetoenergy balancefacade of the 2.a] 400 400 500 [kWh/m of the positive energy energy balance balance of the the demand for cooling and the demand for of cooling the energy and the balance demand of the for cooling of and the energy balance of the building electricity electricity building electricity building building electricity electricity building electricity building 400

?

+ EXCESS

?

?

?

?

?

?

?

Normal condition where

?

?

Tilt angle

Manual input

Reduce demand

Fc-factor

+ -

Efficiency

cooling

Energy demand

1st optimization process

South

+ -

Efficiency

Input the properties of the solar devices

Manual input

gglass-Value

Quick internal simulation via developed algorithm

South

Use pre-simulated data from Databank

or

60 % Gh South 60 % Gh

?

Normal condition where generated energy doesn’t meet the demand for cooling and electricity

?

?

60 % Gh South 60 % Gh

?

100 % Gh

?

South

60 % Gh Süd

100 % Gh

?

60 % Gh

60 % Süd Gh South

60 100 % Gh% Gh South

?

? ?

60 % Gh

60 %South Gh Süd

100 % Gh

100 % Gh

100 % Gh 60 % Gh100 % Gh

?

? ?

60 % Gh Süd

100 % Gh

%%Gh 60 % Gh 10060 Gh South Süd

100 ? % Gh

?

60 % Gh Süd

100 % Gh 60 % Gh Süd

?

?

100 % Gh

100 % Gh

?

60 % Gh Süd

100 % Gh

100 % Gh

?

100 % Gh 60 % Gh Süd

100 % Gh

Quick internal simulation via developed algorithm

?

100 % Gh

Solar

Window ratio

+ -

cooling

collectors

Enhance facade

+ -

Sol. thermal collectors Photovoltaic cells

Solar cooling Input the properties of the solar devices Sol. thermal

cooling

or

2.3.1. Background of the thesis

2.3.1. Background Background thesis 3.3.1. of of thethe thesis

Quick internal simulation via developed algorithm

Background of the thesis

Manual input

Input the properties of the solar devices

Sol. thermal Photovoltaic collectors Manual input Used percentage cells Electric cooling Efficiency Tilt angle of the facade Photovoltaic cells

Manual input

Use pre-simulated data from Databank

2.3.1.

Tilt angle

Tilt angle Manual input

Electric

cooling SelectionSolar of Cooling System

remains, how high or how long the extra areas should extend and which tilt angle will

theyThe have.

The extra areas, contribute to the energy generated balance.

The question extra areas,positively contribute positively to the energy generated balance. The question remains, how high orhow howhigh long or thehow extralong areasthe should whichextend tilt angleand will which tilt angle will remains, extraextend areasand should they have.they have.

Fc-factor

Manual input

gglass-Value

Fc-factor

gglass-Value

Manual input

Selection of Cooling System Electric

Window properties

Manual input Orientation

Form

Input parameters Manual input of high-rise building

compared to the horizontal surface or the roof.

This scientific work questions the building possibilitythrough of covering the annual lighting and cooling demand of high-rise its facade.

It also questions the optimum cooling to the surface orvia thethe roof.facade or the vertical surface. where most of compared the energy is horizontal being received nd to quantify Selection of Cooling demand ofenergy high-rise building through its facade. also questions the optimum cooling swer and to quantify generating system, whether by compression via electricity or by absorption viaextra Besides optimising the facade, it isItimportant to examine the possibility of adding r the final Low-rise buildings receive more solar radiation from the roof than from the facade. This System energy generating system, whether by compression via electricity or by absorption via ucial for the final Low-rise buildings receive more solar radiation from the roof than from the facade. This heat energy (solar cooling). vertical or horizontal surfaces for further energy generation.

This means extra facade makes it easier totocover the energy demand than in buildings the case oflosses high-rise Hence, starting from certain number of storeys, high-rise thebuildings, ability to heat energy (solar cooling). makes itaeasier cover the energy demand than in the case of high-rise buildings, areas that don't cover used spaces that require energy. where most is being beingreceived received the facade theThis vertical surface. cover their demand completely via energy generated from theorfacade. depends where mostofofthe theenergy energy is viavia the facade theorvertical surface.

Besides the optimising facade, itto is important to examine the possibility of adding extra Besides optimising facade, itthe is important examine the possibility of adding extra obviously on the configuration of the building and its energy demand. or surfaces horizontal surfaces for further energy Thisbalance. means extra vertical orvertical horizontal for further energy generation.

This generation. means extra facade Hence, starting numberofof storeys, high-rise buildings thetoability to The extra areas, contribute positively to the energy generated Thefacade question Hence, startingfrom from aa certain certain number storeys, high-rise buildings losseslosses the ability areas that don't cover used spaces that require energy. areas that don't cover used spaces that require energy. cover their demandcompletely completely via generated fromfrom the facade.

This depends cover their demand viaenergy energy generated the facade.

This depends

Orientation

Dimensions

Dimensions

To come up with a series of planning assisting criteria for optimising high-rise facades in There is a fundamental difference between high-rise building and low rise building the OBJECTIVE selected location, considering energy conservation and energy generation.

In terms of PROBLEM energy generation via building skin.

In south oriented buildings located in Input parameters STATEMENT the southern hemisphere, the vertical surface receives about 40% less solar radiation OBJECTIVE of high-rise PROBLEM STATEMENT This scientific work questions the possibility of covering the annual lighting and cooling building compared toThere the horizontal surface or the roof.

To come up with a series of planning assisting criteria for optimising high-rise facades in buildings. is a fundamental difference between high-rise building and low rise building demand of high-rise building through its facade.

It also questions the optimum cooling thewith selected considering energy and facades energy in generation. up a serieslocation, of planning assisting criteria for conservation optimising high-rise In There termsisofaenergy generation viabetween buildinghigh-rise skin. Inbuilding south and oriented buildings dern buildings. fundamental difference low rise building located inTo come energy generating system, whether by compression via electricity or by absorption via Low-rise buildings receive more solar from rooforiented than from facade.

This the selected location, considering energy conservation and energy generation. terms of hemisphere, energy generation via building skin.the Inreceives south buildings located the In southern theradiation vertical surface about 40%the less solarinradiation heatThis energy (solar cooling). scientific work questions the possibility of covering the annual lighting and cooling hemisphere, vertical than surface about less solar radiation makes it easierthe tosouthern cover the energy the demand inreceives the case of 40% high-rise buildings,

Window properties

Height

Input parameters ofHeight high-rise Form building

OBJECTIVE Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Supervisors: Prof. Gerhard Hausladen, Timm Rössel, Oliver Zadow PROBLEM STATEMENT

Form Dimensions

1st optimization process

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Supervisors: Prof.

Gerhard Hausladen, Timm Rössel, Oliver Zadow Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi, Supervisors: Prof.

Gerhard Hausladen, Timm Rössel, Oliver Zadow Case study place: Hot arid zone in the subtropical climate region

Tilt angle

Fc-factor

Find required collectors areas

2.3. M.Sc. M.Sc. Thesis: Optimizing the hgih-rise Thesis: Optimizing the hgih-rise facade Credits: 3.3.

Mohannad Bayoumi, Supervisors: Prof. Gerhard Hausladen, Timmfacade Rössel, Oliver Zadow

obviously theconfiguration configuration ofofthe andand its energy demand. obviously ononthe thebuilding building its energy demand.

gglass-Value

Orientation

Find required collectors areas

Development of a facade planning tool that integrates energy generating with energy saving features Case study place: Hot arid zone in the subtropical climate region

1st optimization process

2.3.

area by adding extr vertical or horizon surfaces for furthe energy generation.

Number of Floors

18

120

SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTORS

COLD (SOLAR COOLING) COLD (ELECTRICAL COOLING)

ROOM TEMPERATURE (THERMAL COMFORT)

COOLING LOAD

SOLAR ELECTRICAL COOLING

80 60

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS

60

Rquired area for PV-Cells [H]

4

20

COLD (ELECTRICAL COOLING)

COMPRESSOR

80

Available Area for PVCells [G]

8 6

40

ENERGY (SOLAR RADIATION)

10

[kWh/m2.a]

COLD (SOLAR COOLING)

gglass = 85%

100

12 Area [m2]

[kWh/m2.a]

ABSORPTION CHILLER

HEAT

gglass = 85%

Cooling [C]

100

ENERGY (SOLAR RADIATION)

120

14 gglass = 85%

SOLAR THERMAL COOLING

140

16

40

Optimum Window Fraction 25%

140

Sum of Demand [D]

20

2

Lighting [B]

ELECTRIC ENERGY

0 AIR HANDLING UNIT

AIR (HYGIENIC COMFORT)

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

LIGHT (VISUAL COMFORT)

0%

25%

50%

75%

0

100%

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Window Fraction [%]

Window Fraction [%]

0

0%

25%

50%

75%

100%

Window Fraction [%]

3.3.6. Energy demand and required area for PVs in a south oriented facade (Standpoint: Riyadh, SA) LIGHTING DEMAND

120

120

120

100

100

100

80

80

Sum of Demand [D]

TRANSMITTED ENERGY (DAY LIGHT)

ENERGY (SOLAR RADIATION)

TRANSMITTED ENERGY (HEAT)

20

40

20

0%

25%

50%

75%

0

100%

0%

20 Yield [I] 25%

Window Fraction [%]

50%

75%

0

100%

Yield [I] Sum of Demand [D] 0%

25%

Window Fraction [%]

50%

75%

100%

Window Fraction [%]

ABSORBED ENERGY

HUMAN AND OTHER INTERNAL LOADS

60

40

Sum of Demand [D]

Yield [I] 0

Optimum Window Ratio 71%

40

REFLECTED ENERGY

60

80 [kWh/m2.a]

60

Optimum Window Ratio 45%

TRANSPARENT PART OF THE FACADE

Optimum Window Ratio 31%

[kWh/m2.a]

ELEVATORS

[kWh/m2.a]

EQUIPMENTS (EVENTUALLY)

STANDPOINT [CLIMATE CONDITIONS]

PARAMETERS OF ENERGY GENERATING DEVICES

Fc=1.0

Tilt angle of window

NE

NW

30 ° 40 °

Recommended W indow Fraction (better glass) (with sun protection)

ENERGY GENERATION

N

0° 10 ° 20 °

Recommended W indow Fraction (better glass) (no sun protection)

Recommended W indow Fraction (bad glass) (no sun protection)

3.3.4. Overview on the energy flow of the relevant factors that are connected with the facade

Summer

50 ° 60 ° 70 ° 80 °

E

gglass-Value Fc-shading factor [of the shading device]

ROTATION ANGLE

COMPARED ASPECTS [AGAINST COOLING]

Orientation

+

Window Fraction

gglass-Value

LIGHTING + FANS AND PUMPS

+

+

LIGHTING + FANS AND PUMPS + I.T. EQUIPMENTS

BUILDING FORM

BUILDING HEIGHT AND ROOM HEIGHT

Fc-factor

Solar Cooling system Solar collectors + Photovoltaic cells [Area m2]

Tilt angle RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EXTRA COLLECTORS AREAS

Simulation conditions

Opaque area Electric Cooling system Photovoltaic cells [Area m2] Tilt angle of solar devices

g-Glass

Fc-Value

Tilt angle

[-]

[%]

[-]

[°]

Opt. [%]

Min. [%]

N

-

-

-

-

-

E

-

-

-

-

-

S

0.5

1

90

?

?

W

-

-

-

-

-

Energy generation Orientation

Area

Efficiency

Efficiency

Tilt angle

Used Fr.

[-]

[m2]

PV.

Sol. Coll.

[°]

[%] -

N

-

-

-

-

E

-

-

-

-

-

S

90

0.15

-

90

60%

W

-

-

-

-

-

Cooling

x

[SOLAR COOLING] 14

120

Window Faction

Orientation

12

100

80

60

10

8

6 Sum of required area for solar 4 devices [E]

40

20

0

Sum of Demand [D]

0%

2

Available façade area [F]

Yield [I] 25%

50% Window Fraction [%]

Compared aspects

3.3.5. Optimization parameters

[ELECTRIC COOLING]

Energy saving

WINDOW PROPERTIES Window Fraction

LIGHTING

3.3.7. Increasing free scope area for the architect by improving the solar heat gain coefficient of the facade

Optimum Window Ratio 32%

Glass area

[m²]

SW

SE

SOLAR COOLING

Optimum Window Ratio 45%

ELECTRIC COOLING

Winter

S

[kWh/m2.a]

W

Lighting

3.3.8. Comparison between façade driven Electric Cooling and Solar Cooling

75%

100%

0

0%

25%

50% Window Fraction [%]

75%

100%

3.4. Improving Natural Ventilation Conditions on Semi-Outdoor and Indoor Levels in Warm– Humid Climates Credits: Mohannad, Bayoumi

3.4.6. (a) Massing of the proposed faculty building showing the investigation slices; (b) top view; (c) sample classroom in the eastern wing

3.4.5. (a,b) Corridors provided with operable windows along the corridors; (c,d) potential of cross openings for increased wind flow

3.4.1. Publication key data

3.4.2. Projection of average monthly indoor temperature in relation to outdoor temperature under hybrid ventilation in Case-3

3.4.3. (a,b) Roof surface development at lower wind velocity; (c,d) air flow characteristics by wind flowing from the northwest

3.4.4. (a) Comparison of air quality on an average day; (b) comparison of cooling energy demand on an average day

53

3.5. Method to Integrate Radiant Cooling with Hybrid Ventilation to Improve Energy Efficiency and Avoid Condensation in Hot, Humid Environments Credits: Mohannad, Bayoumi

3.5.1. Publication key data

3.5.2. Model structure and interacting variables 3.5.3. Daily average air change rate vs cooling load in different seasons for both cities

54

Credits:

3.5.4. Design Proposal for Abu Inabah Axis

the task is develop an urban design concept for a cultural hub that grows from the heart of Historic Jeddah located around Naseef’s house. Having researched relevant information on Historic Jeddah – landscape, typology and form, building materials and construction, details/pattern/color and texture, we expected to come up with contemporary cultural facilities (concert hall, theater, library, …etc.) that provide the necessary functions to bring life to the place with respect to its cultural

3.5.5. 3D Section for Nassef Plaza

3.5.6. Perspectives for Abu Inabah axis and Nassef

55

3.5.7. Proposed Master Plan for Aldahab street

3.5.8. Design Proposal for Aldahab street

3.6. Revitializing the central plaza “Freiheitsplatz” - Hanau, Germany To revitalise the Freiheitsplatz in Hanau by the introduction of new activities that integrate the two parts of the city and generate a commercial movement between them.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi

3.6.1. Bird’s eye view of 2009 the commercial and retail section Montag, 20. Juli

Montag, 20. Juli 2009 3.6.3. Spatial experience and visual connectivity of different courtyards

Montag, 20. Juli 2009

3.6.2. Conceptual site plan

56

Montag, 20. Juli 2009

3.6.4. Left: Spatial quality in one of the courtyards. Right: Integrating modern structures into the existing mideval context

3.7. Residential complex - Sedrun, Switzerland Provide permanent and vacation housing solutions in Sedrun to comply with the demand after the launch of Porta Alpina station located in the middle of the Gotthard Base Tunnel.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi

3.7.3. Integation into the built context

3.7.4. Dynamic form following train’s movement

3.7.1. Human eye perspective

3.7.5. Village site plan and basic contextual elements

3.7.2. Blending into the landscape

3.7.6. Site plan and distribution of units

57

3.8. Media complex - Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Development of a master plan for a media complex in the west part of Jeddah that provides spaces for administrative and public functions related to information, entertainment and exchange of ideas Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi

3.8.1. Master plan of the proposed media complex

3.8.3. Bird’s eye perspective of the site

3.8.4. View from south 3.8.2. Conceptual organization

58

3.9. TV and studio tower- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia A combination of studios that are structurally isolated from the building. The office sapces are located in the vierendeel beams that span between the building cores.

Credits: Mohannad Bayoumi

3.9.3. Basic idea of the vierendeel beam 3.9.1. Street view of the tower

3.9.2. Conceptual analysis

59

3.9.4. Atmospheric image of the public zones

Assoc. Prof. Dr-Ing. Mohannad Bayoumi B.Arch, M.Arch, M.Sc.-ClimaDesign E mohannad.bayoumi@gmail.com T +966 56 58 73331