Lettre cspron demcracy now 2o novembre 2016 rap final 2

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LAAYOUNE Sahara Occidental

20 novembre 2016

Comité de Soutien au Plan de Résolution Onusien et pour la Protection des Ressources Naturelles au Sahara Occidental 1

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Comité de Soutien au Plan de Résolution Onusien et pour la Protection des Ressources Naturelles au Sahara Occidental

Jaim mohammed Secrétaire générale de CSPRON

ALISALEM BOUBIT Vice-président de CSPRON

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A Amy Goodman

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Nous avons L’insigne honneur de solliciter de votre haute bienveillance de faire le nécessaire auprès de 5

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L’ Amérique pour un soutien plus accrue de la cause sahraouie La cause sahraouie gagne de plus en plus de terrain et de soutiens pendant que l’occupant marocain montre des signes de panique.

Comité de Soutien au Plan de Résolution Onusien et pour la Protection des Ressources Naturelles au Sahara Occidental insiste sur l’impérieuse nécessité de promouvoir, de protéger et de défendre les droits de l’homme au Sahara Occidental y compris le droit au développement qui sont une quête commune et une responsabilité partagée sans lesquelles il n’y a guère de progrès possible, ni de paix stable et encore moins de sécurité collective. Le Sahara Occidental est un pays dont le peuple s’est vu dénier ses libertés les plus fondamentales et ses droits fondamentaux bafoués, au premier rang desquels son droit inaliénable à l’autodétermination qui est gravé dans toutes les chartes internationales et dans la loi humaine.

Le peuple sahraoui a combattu pendant de très longues années pour faire de ce rêve une réalité tangible qui mettra fin aux idées expansionnistes de l’Etat marocain qui continue, en toute illégalité d’occuper le territoire sahraoui. Le gouvernement marocain dont le tort n’est pas à démontrer a imposé les rudes épreuves de l’exil, et dans un environnement des plus précaires, à un peuple pacifique.

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A la veille de la COP22, le Maroc se présente comme un modèle en matière de respect de l’environnement et de lutte contre les changements climatiques. Mais les projets mis en avant en matière d’énergie solaire ou éolienne sont en partie situés au Sahara occidental, et violent de ce fait le droit à l’autodétermination du peuple sahraoui. La colonisation du Sahara occidental par le Maroc mène à un épuisement des ressources, terrestres et halieutiques du territoire sahraoui occupé Au total, 22 éoliennes nouvellement construites par la société allemande Siemens fournissent 95% de l'énergie nécessaire au pillage très polémique des minerais non renouvelables du Sahara Occidental.

En 2020, plus d'un quart de toute la production d'énergie verte du Maroc serait située dans les territoires sahraouis qu'il maintient sous occupation, le Maroc projette de construire des centrales à énergie renouvelable au Sahara Occidental pour plus de 1.000 mégawatts.

Les sociétés Siemens et la compagnie italienne Enel sont les plus impliquées. Elles gagnent des appels d'offres marocains au Sahara Occidental en s'associant à la compagnie énergétique marocaine Nareva, détenue par la Société nationale d’investissement (SNI), 7

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La destruction des ressources naturelles a également conduit à un déséquilibre dans l’environnement et dans le climat, y compris les eaux souterraines. Les eaux usées et leur évacuation sont gérées d’une manière irrationnelle, ce qui les rend nuisibles pour la mer et les nappes d’eau.

Dans la ville de LAAYOUNE, la central thermique en fuel-oil lourd, considéré comme le pire type d’énergie car il provoque de grands dommages à l’environnement.

Ce fuel lourd est pourtant abandonné partout :  Il entraîne une pollution importante de l’air et des milieux naturels.  Il a des conséquences toxiques sur la santé des habitants.  Il comporte un risque d’explosion des réservoirs de stockage en cas d’incendie.

Dès les premiers jours de son occupation du Sahara occidental, le Maroc prend possession de la mine de phosphate de Bou Craa. La mine est mise sous la gestion des Phosphates de Boucraa s.a. (Phosboucraa), filiale détenue à 100% par l’Office chérifien des Phosphates (OCP), la société nationale marocaine d’exploitation du phosphate.

Si OCP minimise la part prise par PhosBoucraa dans la production nationale de phosphate à 1%, d’autres sources parlent de 10% en 2014 en mentionnant une volonté du Maroc de doubler sa 8

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production pour 2020 . Il apparaît par ailleurs, sur un prospectus de la société, que plus d’un quart du phosphate exporté provient de PhosBoucraa, Les entreprises importatrices sont pour la plupart basées hors Europe, principalement dans des pays pratiquant une agriculture intensive à grande échelle (Etats-Unis, Canada, Russie, Inde, Nouvelle-Zélande). Le groupe OCP a par ailleurs récemment mis à jour une nouvelle stratégie commerciale résolument dirigée vers le marché africain. La volonté de l’entreprise marocaine est de contribuer à une « révolution verte » en Afrique. Ces développements n’augurent rien de bon pour l’écologie en Afrique au vu de l’effet négatif des phosphates constaté sur l’environnement en Europe. Leur utilisation dans l’agriculture européenne a en effet pour conséquence un phénomène d’eutrophisation, qui mène à des impacts à long terme sur la fertilité des sols mais aussi sur la biodiversité dans les eaux et rivières .

Le Sahara occidental compte par ailleurs quelque 1200 kilomètres de côtes et ses eaux sont parmi les plus poissonneuses au monde. La pêche représente 17% du PIB de la région, 31% des emplois locaux et 78% de la pêche marocaine .

Des 100.000 à 200.000 personnes qui travaillent dans le secteur de la pêche au Sahara occidental, la grande majorité sont des Marocains .

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Selon une analyse menée par l’UE, tous les stocks de poissons commercialement intéressants au large du Maroc et du Sahara occidental sont complètement exploités ou surexploités. Parmi les espèces pélagiques, seules les sardines ne sont pas à ce jour pas complètement exploitées.

L’UE porte une responsabilité dans le pillage et la surexploitation des ressources halieutiques des eaux sahraouies. Un nouvel accord de pêche a en effet été conclu entre le Maroc et l’UE le 10 décembre 2013 qui prolonge de 2014 à 2017 l’accord préalable qui couvrait la période de 2007 à 2011. Tout comme le précédent, cet accord n’exclut pas le territoire sahraoui de son champ d’application . Alors que le Parlement européen avait opposé son veto à l’extension du premier accord en 2011 parce qu’il ne donnait pas de garanties de compensations à la population sahraouie, ce même parlement a donné son feu vert au nouvel accord et cela sans qu’aucune garantie supplémentaire n’ait été donnée. L’UE a cédé face à l’interdiction imposée pendant deux ans par le Maroc à tous les navires de pêches européens d’entrer dans les eaux marocaines ou du Sahara occidental Autre problème, onze exploitations agroindustrielles se situent dans les environs de Dakhla, dans le sud du Sahara occidental. Elles appartiennent toutes soit à l’Etat ou à des riches 10

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conglomérats marocains, soit à des multinationales françaises de l’agroalimentaire.

Ces exploitations pratiquent une agriculture intensive à grande échelle, tournée à 95% vers l’exportation . Lancé en 2008, le Plan Maroc vert prévoyait un développement pour le Sahara occidental comprenant le passage de 36 000 tonnes de fruits et légumes en 2008, à 80 000 en 2013, pour atteindre 160 000 en 2020, le tout destiné à l’exportation.

En 2012, l’UE et le Maroc ont signé un accord sur les mesures de libéralisation réciproques en matière de produits agricoles et de pêche. Cet accord ne contient aucune clause territoriale limitant ses effets au seul territoire marocain. Or le Maroc se considère comme souverain sur le territoire du Sahara occidental, ce qui a pour effet que l’accord s’applique de facto à ce territoire, effet reconnu par le Conseil et la Commission européenne . Face à ce constat, le Front Polisario a introduit une procédure judiciaire en novembre 2012 devant la Cour de Justice de l’UE pour demander l’annulation de l’accord agricole UE-Maroc. L’argument invoqué : la non-consultation de la population sahraouie.

En décembre 2015, le Tribunal de l’UE statue sur la suspension de l’accord . S’est ensuivi un pourvoi en appel de la part du Conseil de l’UE. L’affaire est aujourd’hui encore en cours.

Nous sommes là bien loin de la vision à laquelle 11

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Malthus - dont le seul tort est d'avoir eu trop partiellement et trop tôt raison - reconnaissait lui-même le défaut d'être limitée au risque alimentaire. Sa doctrine doit dorénavant céder la place à "l'écologie dénataliste", sans laquelle toutes les tentatives de restauration de notre environnement terrestre sont condamnées à l'échec.

A cet égard, Le Comité de Soutien au Plan de Résolution Onusien et pour la Protection des Ressources Naturelles au Sahara Occidental lance un appel urgent à vous ; à L'Organisation internationale des Nations Unies au parlement européen et à la communauté internationale et aux organisations internationales des droits de l’homme pour agir en toute urgence dans le but de la libération immédiate et inconditionnelle du Président du Comité de Soutien au Plan de Résolution Onusien et pour la Protection Sidahmed lemjayed Condamné à vie à la prison de Sale et les prisonniers politiques de gdimizik au prison de Salé au Maroc et les prisonniers politiques sahraouies, et annuler ses procès éhontés contre ceux-ci. Les conditions d’incarcération sont "choquantes", et que la nourriture est rare, les humiliations et autres mauvais traitements sont subis quotidiennement par les prisonniers politiques sahraouis.

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Tous les prisonniers se plaignent d’infection rénale, de douleur générale dans le dos, essentiellement due à la torture, et de rhumatismes en raison de l’obligation de dormir à même le sol, sans aucun vêtement ni couverture, , en outre, l’énorme distance, plus de 1000 km, que les familles doivent parcourir pour rendre visite aux prisonniers sahraouis Le Maroc ne se contente pas seulement d’occuper illégalement le Sahara Occidental en réprimant ses habitants pour les empêcher d’exprimer leur aspiration à leur liberté et à leur indépendance, mais il accapare, tout aussi illégalement ses richesses naturelles. La question des ressources constitue, bien entendu, un aspect particulier mais très important du problème plus général du droit des peuples à disposer d’eux-mêmes et à décider de l’utilisation de leurs richesses.

Quand de telles pratiques sont imposées à l’ONU que dire de toute une population civile sahraouie privée, depuis 41 ans, de tout contact avec le monde extérieur. En effet, les autorités marocaines poursuivent une politique d’implantation de colons qui a atteint des proportions alarmantes: pour chaque sahraoui il y a plus de cinq colons marocains. A cette fin, le Maroc a procédé à des transferts massifs de colons marocains pour modifier la composition démographique du territoire. La population sahraouie se trouve ainsi soumise à une surveillance permanente et est empêchée de tout 13

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contact avec l’extérieur Les forces marocaines ont recours à la torture systématique pour dissuader les Sahraouis de continuer leurs protestations, pour réclamer leurs droits fondamentaux, pourtant ces manifestations sont pacifiques. Même le droit à l’éducation est aujourd’hui contesté aux sahraouis En plus de la pratique récurrente de la torture ou des traitements inhumains et dégradants, des enlèvements et du phénomène de la disparition qui a pris des proportions effrayantes, les autorités marocaines n’épargnent aucun effort afin de se débarrasser des jeunes sahraouis contestataires en les poussant à l’immigration illégale vers l’Espagne.

La Communauté internationale doit assumer pleinement la noble responsabilité de mettre en application la charte des Nations Unies qui appuie le droit inaliénable du peuple sahraoui à l’autodétermination.

Seule l’organisation d’un référendum d’autodétermination libre et transparent est à même de rétablir le peuple sahraoui dans ses droits nationaux. L’Espagne et L’union Européenne a des responsabilités énormes dans le drame Sahraoui, elle peut si elle a la volonté amener le Maroc à respecter les droits fondamentaux du peuple Sahraoui et donc à accepter la solution pacifique qui passe nécessairement par l’autodétermination de celuici conformément a la légalité internationale. Ainsi 14

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pourra prendre fin cette tragédie.

L'Organisation internationale des Nations Unies s’honorerait donc à intervenir en toute urgence, pour amener le Maroc à mettre un terme à sa répression exercée indistinctement contre des populations sahraouies civiles innocents;. De même qu’il est urgent que L'Organisation internationale des Nations Unies exige du gouvernement marocain, le libre accès aux territoires occupés du Sahara Occidental; pour aller à la rencontre des populations sahraouies suppliciées.

Le Comité de Soutien au Plan de Résolution Onusien et pour la Protection des Ressources Naturelles au Sahara Occidental exprime son inquiétude vis-à-vis de ses intimidations et appelle les autorités marocaines à mettre fin à cette politique restrictive et met l’ONU devant sa responsabilité politique et légale et l’appel à agir en urgence pour instaurer une instance qui veillera sur le respect des droits de l’homme au Sahara Occidental. Nous vous remercierons et tous les hérauts de la liberté et les plumes invoquant la dignité de l’être humain et son droit à vivre comme il se doit…

Le jour où nous sont parvenues vos voix qui croient en notre humanité, la vie a revêtu une saveur nouvelle, emplie de l’espoir de recouvrir tous nos droits, en tant que peuple sahraouie peu importe le temps que cela prendra.

Nous vous prions de recevoir, l’assurance de 15

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notre profond respect et de notre dévouement.

Secrétaire générale Jaim mohammed

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Le President du Comité de Soutien au Plan de Résolution Onusien et pour la Protection Sidahmed lemjayed Condamné à vie au prison de Sale

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Committee for Supporting the UN Settlement Plan and the protection of natural resources in Western Sahara Committee members : Sidahmed lemjayed: Jaim mohammed ; Babit sidi ali salem ; Salha boutanguisa ;Izzana chtouki for contact please : cspron 2012@gmail.com cspron_so@yahoo.fr

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Committee for Supporting the UN Settlement Plan and the protection of natural resources in Western Sahara Objectives : Commission aims to support UN plan to protect and ensure the fundamental rights of the Sahrawi people, at the political, economic and social.

At the political level, the Commission supports the UN planned to organize a referendum on self-determination in Western Sahara, by asking the United Nations and international public opinion to complete this plan and organize a referendum on self-determination.

On the economic and social levels, the Commission aims to: Protect the wealth of the region of attrition, as a prerequisite to ensure the continued existence of the Saharawi people at home, and by putting mechanisms are under the supervision and control of the United Nations.

Introduction : The question of Western Sahara classified in the context of decolonization and self-determination, A/RES/1514 of 14 December 1960.

1963 was considered the territory of Western Sahara non-self-governing territory by the United Nations. In its advisory opinion October 16, 1975, approved the International Court of Justice that it is through the information submitted to it does not see the existence of any links sovereignty between the territory of Western Sahara and the Kingdom of 33

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Morocco or entity Mauritanian. Accordingly court did not find any legal ties may hinder the application of General Assembly resolution 1514 on decolonization in the Western Sahara, and in particular through the principle of self-determination through the free expression of the region's population.

- Components of the desert economy: Western Sahara region rich diversity of natural resources, it is the coast rich in fish species to the land of stores in its interior, phosphate minerals, oil, and diverse vegetation, camel-based livestock, and tourism have an important place in this region, and there is also a quarrying sand and salt .....

Phosphate: Western Sahara sits on proven reserves of phosphate than 10 billion tons, or about 10 per cent of the world reserves of phosphate, including mines as rich as famous Boukraa mines - Most mines the world phosphate -, which is located 50 kilometers south-east of the city of Laayoune, the main the capitals of Western Sahara, which is only a 20 - km from the Atlantic coast.

Phosphate and issued to the following countries: Spain - Croatia - Australia - Japan - Mexico - New Zealand - United States - Columbia - Lithuania .

Shortly before the exit of Spain, the 2620 workers, of whom about 45% Sahrawis, 19% of this figure have technical jobs, but now the number does not exceed 2,500 workers, of whom only 20% of Saharan origin, and the proportion of specialists does not exceed 17% of the Total Sahrawi workers.

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This drilling machine enables vertical drill holes in the ground, to be placed explosives in order to facilitate the process of extracting phosphate

It is performed by a machine called Stacker

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It is assurĂŠLe phosphate stockeuse stored by the machine is taken by a machine called a wheel excavator by a machine called Stacker

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Fishing : Not mineral wealth alone in Western Sahara constitutes great wealth in the country, but also Marine Resources, which are of great importance and have an important role in the development of the national economy, but, alas, did not employ even time for the benefit of the country.

sahrawi Fisheries : Western Sahara has one of the richest coastal fisheries, as it lays on the most important and richest fish basin in Africa : an estimated area of 150 thousand square kilometers, and qualify climatic and environmental conditions to achieve an annual production capacity exceeding the 10 tons per square kilometer, with the possibility of catching at least 2 million tons per year, includes these waters more than 200 kinds of different fish, 71 species of molluscs, and 14 kind of cephalopods, as well as different varieties of rare species of fish, which is what makes them an important source of income in the development of this sector, these fishing also finance projects contributing to the development of the economy.

Fish stocks in the coasts of Western Sahara are divided into four basic categories, namely:

A) - molluscs : Territorial waters of the Western Sahara are famous for the presence of intense octopus and squid, wich constitute the real wealth of the southern region of the country. and the main source for the development of the sector and the main income for the population, knowing that field studies conducted on items molluscs stationed in Western Sahara, characterized other high quality, wich made the demand increas in global markets, especially the Asian ones such as Japan, which make importers buy the lion's share of molluscs, knowing that the octopus is approximately 50% of the production of molluscs in the region.

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B) - pelagic fish : Territorial waters of Western Sahara are one of the major marine fisheries exporting surface fish, where there areabundant sardines, macro, Khural, and others. But the continued presence of the coastal fleets both European and Moroccan , which all operate in a random manner and without control, its main objective wich is to get a profit, even if it is at the expense of the country's fisheries. The region has witnessed a surge in the construction of manufacturing plant flour and fish oils, containing 80% of the quantity caught, which is very dangerous, in dissipating a material with high nutritional value such as sardines in this way and turn it into flour for animal feed.

Because of the way chaotic actuation was made by owners of these boats it added to this position other coastal fishing boats, which need to modernity and modernization and processing developed mechanisms to maintain the quality of the product. There is no doubt that these actions will increase the surface fish stocks in the region as a whole.

According to a study conducted by a team of experts Norwegians, about 5 million tons of pelagic fish are in their way of extinction every year because European fleet , wich are leasing huge containing steamers, have a great ability to attrition, which became forbidden use by virtue of the failure of the damage to the environment Navy, and the consequent negative impacts on fish stocks.

C) - free fish : This product was subjected to a significant reduction in reserves since the beginning of the last century, because of the big exploitation by Western fleets, especially Spanish and Portuguese. It, also, worsen the inventory situation of the entry of modern ships using the means of traction, which came on everything and everybody in the territorial waters of the Western Sahara, and it manufactures its products in fishing places, and throwing waste production in the sea, not to mention the massive amounts of waste plastic from ships, which remain floating in the sea fishing throughout the year, creating an barriers standing in front of these fish. In addition to the other factors in turn contributed to the destruction of this important resource, including the targeting of molluscs dramatically, poor regulation and weak oversight, and a lack of practical policy governing biological rest seasons.

It should be noted that the free fish is one of the marine organisms that constitute one of the main links in the ecological balance, and by virtue of 51

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that feeds on the eggs and especially molluscs eggs. There is no doubt that the extinction of the free fish or reduced stock, may lead to a surge in increased quantities of molluscs too much, which will cause the extinction of the last of the fish and therefore damage to the marine environment and the imbalance of composition and components.

D) - crustaceans and shellfish : The heavy rush due to the apparent rise in the prices of these species, and easily caught led to scan thousands of hectares of the whereabouts of shellfish and crustaceans. It helped sweep places these items, unemployment, with the lack of beach parks and farms.

- Vital sectors of the fishing Fishing is usually based on three key sectors : traditional fishing ,coastal fishing and fishing on the high seas. In terms of traditional fishing, we note that this sector flops in the problem of professional regulatory, suffering from chaos and lack of control and order. Because it became attractive to armies of the unemployed in the short term, without having professional experience, it gave the opportunity for anyone to practise this activity, without direct intervention of the administration and left the whole process for brokers and others.

As for traditional fishing, it is very important at the level of operating and labor support many families ; and , also , at the product level, but it is in dire need of regulation. If it continues for what it is , it will not only bring more destruction and devastation of the marine environment, but also species extinctions and fundamental renewal of the biological cycle of fish.

In spite of all this, the sector has seen in terms of high boats use , a boom in the last decade of the last century . After it did not exceed hundreds at time of the cease-fire between the Polisario Front and Morocco, numbering with the end of 1999 to more than 8,000 boats ; thus opening the way for the armies of unemployed and hungry Moroccans , who were deployed on the shores of Western Sahara provided them .These shores provided them with more than 40 thousand jobs, according to Moroccan official media, with the knowledge that this figure is only half the truth from the large immigration to the territorial waters of Western Sahara .they , also , discovered new ways to catch shellfish, which are estimated proportion of official circles produced 25% of the total fishing in Morocco.

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On the coastal fishing, the Moroccan fleet wich is currently beaches of Western Sahara (over 3 thousand units), were established in the late eighties, and adopted the traction style as a way of fishing, knowing that it is still damaging fisheries and ecological balance, causing desertification in the depths of the sea and the judiciary hatcheries and eggs. One of the strangest things, is that fleet owners are only interested in hunting molluscs, where there is this type of selection between what has been obtained and throw everything else. Regarding this phenomenon more than 2,000 tons of dead fish has been seized , and thrown into the sea every day in the coastal waters .knowing that statistics ÂŤFAO lost to the quantity of fish at the global level, ranging between 17.9 - 39.5 million tons annually..From here we can say that the annual quota for Western Sahara, lost accounts for between 1.9 to 4.1% of the fish lost at the global level . The fishing sector on the high seas, which consists of a fleet of about 300 units, specializes mainly in fishing molluscs, and produces the equivalent of 12% of the GDP of Morocco. In addition to that , this fleet is not working according to rename High Seas Fleet, where hunts in the range of 60 miles from the shores of the Western Sahara, the thing that makes it Sidon coastline, using the methods of traction on the coastal slope, causing great damage to organisms located .

Having these facts surrounding beaches of Western Sahara, it must be noted that the inventory of sahrawi marine resources long ago, testifies exploited widely by foreign powers which indicates the ability to provide financial sources generous to these entities, which exceeded expansionist ambitions of international law and the rights of peoples to selfdetermination. The big problem is that the occupying powers not only to exploit the wealth of fish from one side, but also allowed themselves to give permits to fleets freely to other foreigners fishing in the Sahrawi territorial waters , causing more abuses and doubling the pace of exploitation of this wealth.

Regardless of whoever size exploit these sahrawi marine resources , these controlling countries did not provide help for the Saharawi population present in the occupied part of Western Sahara state, not in terms of raising the standard of living for them, nor in the development of professional abilities, transforming sahrawi Marine Resources cover shortfall happening in their domestic markets, and a significant income in public budgets . It has , also , become an important source to meet the needs of Western countries of fishery resources . The goal of all this is to transform this wealth into a financial source of the Moroccan occupation army in its war against the Saharawi people.

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Before delving reached depletion of fisheries under Moroccan occupation, stop with the reader to some of the facts during the Spanish colonial era, especially the exploitation of this natural reserves of our marine resources.

Spain which colonized the country from 1884 to 1976 not only alone exploiting fishery resources desert, but gave the green light for a large number of navies of other foreign, to do fishing in the sahrawi territorial waters .These fleets , also , have spared no effort in the use of modern techniques to catch what could be caught of fish. And turning a blind eye on the activity of the Spanish fleet, wich were acting as they please in the sahrawi territorial waters ; the information received from these fleets confirms catching approximately 1.3 million tonnes of fish in 1969 alone.

The income that Spain was earning against the exploitation of marine resources desert, has been engulfed by the media blackout since 1966.

If this was a fraction of the truth about the exploitation of fisheries desert during the Spanish colonial era, what can be said about the Moroccan invasion of Western Sahara on this topic?

The over-exploitation of the Sahrawi fishery threatens the region extinction value types of these marine resources, in the forefront of cephalopods (especially octopus and squid), which will lead to an environmental disaster that will strike the region, despite the decisions of all international conferences convened under the auspices of the World Organization for Food and Agriculture, which demands the need to protect marine resources stocks to ensure sustainable development, and the preservation of the ecosystem for the continuation of its tender both pelagic and deep-water fish or migratory fish.

Morocco tried hard to underestimate sahrawi Fisheries revenues , knowing that the intensity of exploitation amounted times what Spain was doing , and perhaps the greatest evidence of this is the rise steadily recorded in the catches of fish in recent years, where he became measured in some cases hundreds as is the case in the traditional fishing sector. Despite the huge demand for cephalopods and higher net income from sales, the traditional fish workers still suffer from low incomes daily,Because of the status, charted dominant on this sector, by virtue of their control over the cooling machines available in the region.

The systematic approach, aiming to exploit the sahrawi wealth of marine , Morocco appears to be in a race against time to reap what can be harvested from the Western Sahara, and especially after the cease-fire, which is supervised by the United Nations since September 1991. If that continues, Morocco at this pace of exploitation of the Sahrawi fishery , the fishing on the high seas will fall ill, what happened to cephalopods and molluscs in the area of Wadi dahab (dakhla) 54

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Despite all of this , Western Sahara still occupies center stage in terms of catches and in terms of job creation, but the result of intensive fishing, indiscriminate and attrition continued lack of respect for natural periods of reproduction (biological rest), shrinking fish stocks, especially cephalopods (octopus and squid) in the area of Wadi dhahab (dakhla region) . This overexploitation of fish resources will lead the region to an environmental imbalance, and to an extinction of basic varieties of fish most of them existing only in the sahrawi territorial waters . The policy pursued by Morocco has led to a reduction in catches of cephalopods, which reached very terrifying results recently. Cephalopod fishing shrunk to 50% in Dakhla region, which is considered the most appropriate area for breeding octopus ; also recorded , the disappearance of small species and almost total extinction of molluscs and cephalopods in Boujdour and Laayoune .This shortage will have a direct impact on the state treasury, which has come to rely almost entirely on sahrawi fish revenues , imposed on Morocco to resort to fishing depths and fishing migrating to compensate for the deficit .

The occupying powers of Western Sahara repeat again the same policy , adopted by the Spanish colonialism, of the lack of control fleets to force it to respect the "quotas" and avoid items that were supposed to be left to the province of renewed fish stocks.

The over-exploitation of sahrawi fishery monopolized by Morocco ; as it drains through grants , Morocco licensing for fleets of developed countries will also be triggered an environmental disaster and economic virtue extinction of some marine species (cephalopods and molluscs), which is considered a key element in the diet of many fish. And the biggest proof of the manifestations of this disaster is published by Moroccan National Institute to discuss fishery resources in 2003, where indicated a decline in marine production in the following proportions: octopus - 50%, squid 78%, the overall decline of the fishing network large (fishing depths) reached to 66 %.

Multiple roots of the crisis can be summarized as follows: * Over-exploitation of fish resources by European fleets, which Morocco allowed them to do fishing, through the conclusion of the two previous agreements for fishing with the European Union. * Spread hunters "undercover" Moroccans (unlicensed) in the sahrawi territorial waters , (more than accounted for 50% of the number officially recorded) who loot brands favorite of molluscs and cephalopods to be exported to Japan and some European Union countries (especially Spain and Italy). * Seen more than 90% of the Moroccan fleet , in the sahrawi territorial waters , (according to the documentaryof the Moroccan channel first about the launch of the city port of Dakhla, Moroccan fleet fishing located area 55

²

within was serving 5 days to unload its cargo in the port of Agadir, and today, after the launch of a new port in Dakhla became the Moroccan fleet unload shipments in a matter of no more than 6 hours). This lifting Sahrawi Fisheries Exploitation by the Moroccan occupation to more than 20 times, with the knowledge that 50% of the fleet depths Moroccan partnership with foreign investors (companies mixed) in an attempt to break from the long recession of the Moroccan economy, which is where fishing substrate essential to represent 58% of the Moroccan food exports, (according to a documentary of Moroccan first channel.)

In the current circumstances and despite the contraction in the catches of the fish resources, Morocco is still betting on the capabilities of Sahrawi fish stocks , because the field of important strategic provides treasury with hard currency, especially if we consider that the price per tonne of octopus is over 10 thousand euro, as also betting on giving more licenses to attract foreign investors, led by Spanish and Russian companies . In addition they grant licenses of fishing in the Sahrawi territorial waters to the senior officers in the Moroccan army, and individuals loyal to the system. The Ministry of the Interior promote what can be provided by the Sahrawi Fisheries of job opportunities for the unemployed in Morocco, to lure more settlers to Western Sahara. And thus Morocco has used the Sahrawi Fisheries into a tool to serve the political interests based on occupation and expansion.

Through this brief offer on Sahrawi Fisheries, we can say that both the old modern colonizer of Western Sahara , tried and still tries to loot what can be looted from this wealth, which has become a source to cover the shortfall in the fishery resources of the Western countries, and a source funder of the Moroccan occupation army in his war against the people of the Saharawi Republic, despite international resolutions and legal opinions of the United Nations, that judge it is a illegal exploitation of Sahrawi wealth by Morocco. If this is only a small fraction of the truth about the exploitation of Sahrawi fisheries , what can be said about the rest of the other natural resources, such as phosphate and iron, etc.That Morocco has built a wall of silence, taking advantage of the opportunitiesgiven by weakness of international organizations represented in its inability to enforce its decisions, knowing that tripartite Madrid agreement , did not give Morocco the right to legitimize the Department of Western Sahara.

Based on this , we can say that stand for all that provided Sahrawi wealth to the occupation forces is difficult to know and surround it , because of the media blockade imposed on the occupied part of Western Sahara by the Moroccan state, and probably wondering reader sources figures contained in this report, but it'll be really surprising when he knows that most of what was published here are statistics, taken from Western sources 56

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(Spanish, French, etc.), and Moroccan media including Moroccan first channel. In our perception, these data are only few of the many that readers have a right to know, but the nature of the occupier imposed by the collar of reticence on the amount of Sahrawi natural resources and minimize the importance of cost-effectiveness.

The ports of Laayoune , Boujdour and Dakhla the most important fishing ports on the Western Sahara coast , which includes many of the equipment associated with fishing operations and hundreds of processing units and manufacturing, cooling and storage of marine products, and receive hundreds of fishing vessels. This production comes mainly from the contributions of coastal fisheries and modern and traditional fisheries, which is practiced in traditional and coastal sections and the high seas, as well as the region's tourism resources.

Morocco depends on fishing fleet today includeing 400 vessels, in addition to more than 20,000 fishing traditional boats in Western Sahara. Fishing activities create nearly 60,000 indirect jobs, 35500 jobs aboard fishing boats, or an average of 100,000 jobs in the traditional fishing activities, Sahrawi proportion of them do not exceed 10% of the total work.

57

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laayoune Province of Laayoune available on several fishing villages including:amegrio ,dzira,tarouma.

58

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Laayoune Port : Available on the following equipment: - Protective barriers: 618 2 M - Sidewalks: 587 M - Flat sidewalks: 7.3 hectares The Laayoune Port among the most important ports of sardines in the world, this port dominated by the production of regional coastal fishing, which contributes 96% in terms of quantity and 79.5% in terms of value.

59

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61

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62

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The real industry appeared linked to marine fish have been created several specialized companies in the fish oil industry and Altsber among them.

Laboratories and factories in the Laayoune city : ‫الرقم‬ ‫الترتيبي‬ N° D’ORD RE

‫المسم و نوعية النشاط‬ NOM ET TYPE D’ACTIVITE

‫الهاتف و الفاكس‬ TEL - FAX

‫العنوان‬

‫اسم المسؤول‬

ADRESSE

Nom du responsable

99-80-01 99-8463

BP N° : 76 EL MARRSSA

EL MOUSSAOIUI EL OUALI

99-84-12 99-84-26 99-80-88

BP N° : 66 EL MARSSA

ESSENTISI HASSAN

* Farine et Huile de Poisson ‫انتاج دقيق و زيت السمك‬ 1. - LAAYOUNE- ELEVAGE ‫العيون دواجن‬

2.

COPELIT -

‫ كوبليت‬-

63

² 3. - LAAYOUNE-PROTEINE ‫العيون بروتيين‬

89-29-70 89-44-89 99-86-60

BP N° : 117 EL MARSSA

ALI RAZAMA

4.- KB.FISH

99-84-28 99-88-81 84-72-30

BP N° : 72 EL MARSSA

KABBAJ

‫كابي فيش‬

5.- SOMATRAPS

‫مسوماترابس‬

99-89-02 99-89-03

BP N° : 71 EL MARSSA

Haj abd

6.- SOTRAGEL

‫مسوتراجيل‬

99-84-50 99-84-51

BP N° : 62 EL MARSSA

KENTAOUI MOHAMED

99-85-81 99-85-51

BP N° : 70 EL MARSSA

BRAHIM HOMMAD

89-85-67 99-86-24

BP N°: 72 EL MARSSA

HAMMACH

7.

8.

- SEPOMER - DELTA-OCEAN

‫مسيبومير‬ ‫دلتا اومسيون‬

64

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65

² Congélation de Poisson ‫تجميد السمك‬ 1.

2.

3.

MOUSTAKIM - DIPROMER - FANNAOUI PESCA

4.

- KOMO FICH

5.

- IGLO-FISH

6.- CONGEL D’CHAIRA

89-39-11 89-41-68

EL MARSSA

BADER EL MOUSSAOUI

‫دبرومير‬

99-82-84

BP N°: 70 EL MARSSA

BRAHIM HOUMMAD

‫فناوي ببيسكا‬

99-89-12

BP N°: 52 EL MARSSA

‫قومو فيش‬

89-17-17

ZONE INDUSTRIELLE MARSSA

KOUBAA MOHAMED

99-81-11 99-87-64

BP N°: 73 EL MARSSA

NABIL TAZI

89-11-32

EL MARSSA

EL MOUSSAOUI

99-80-33

PORT –ELMARSSA

HAMDI OULD RACHID DERHAM HASSANE OULD BAKAR EL JALTI

‫مستقيم‬

‫فيش اكلو‬ ‫كونجيل الدشيرة‬

7.- RIJAL SAKIA EL HAMRA ‫رجال مساقية الحمراء‬ 8.

- FRIGO DERHEM

9.

EL MARSSA

‫فريكو الدرهم‬

-SOPIMAS

071833954

Z.IND. EL MARSSA

10.

-OCEAMIC

‫اومسياميك‬

99-81-10

EL MARSSA

EZOUBIER

11.

- AFRO PESCA

‫فروبسك أ‬

99-89-80 99-82-10

EL MARSSA

KABBAJ

99-81-02 99-81-04

EL MARSSA

AL FAKEH

13.

- GEL FISH

EL MARSSA

KAMAL

14.

- JAMAL FRERES

EL MARSSA

SIDATI JAMAL

12.

- SUCCOPO

15.

- ALIYA FISHERIIES 16.

- COFRICOB 17.

- PECHE FROID

‫مسوكوبو‬

‫اعليا فيشروي‬ ‫كوفريكوب‬

99-42-02

EL MARSSA

99-83-08

EL MARSSA EL MARSSA

‫بيش فروا‬

66

JOUMANI

² * Conserve de Poisson

‫تصبير السمك‬

18.

- LAAYOUNE CONSERVE NAGJIR

19.

- DAMSA

* Exp. Algues 21. - SAHARA GELDIUM 22.



99-85-81/80 99-85-51/82

BP N° : 70 EL MARSSA

BADER EL MOUSSAOUI SAID DERHAM LUIS CALVO

‫امستغلل الطحالب‬ B.P N : 68 EL MARSSA DECH SALAMA

‫صحراء جلديوم‬

- Ste. MAROCAINE EL MADKOURI ‫الشركة المغربية المدكوري‬

23.

- ALGUA-SUD

EL MARSSA Zone Industrielle Lot A 59 EL MARSSA

20.- CALVO CONSERVAS MAROC (SEPOMER) ‫)كالفو مسبومير‬ 

89-80-00

89-39-63

AV. MED SAKLEM BIEDA

MOHAMED MADKOURI

89-05-30 89-48-14

AV. DE LA MECQUE

MOUTAOUAKIL ABD ESSALAM

99-86-77 99-80-33

BP N° : 76 EL MARSSA

HAMDI OUL RACHID

‫دبرومير‬

99-82-84

BP N° : 70 EL MARSSA

‫جمال ااخوان‬

89-35-08 89-03-41

BP N° :

‫صوبيك‬

99-84-17 99-84-13

EL MARSSA 23,AV.CATALONIA BP N° 21

‫الكا السود‬

* Fabrique de Glace ‫انتاج الثلوج‬ 24. - SAKIA EL HAMRA 25.

- DIPROMER 26.

27.

- JAMAL FRERES - SOBIEC

‫الساقية الحمراء‬

BRAHIM HOUMMAD EL MARSSA JAMAL AHMED ET SIDATI MOHAMED CHEIR RGUIBI

Boujdour Region Boujdour available on several fishing villages Agti algazi , Cap 7 , Lbair , Lakraa .

67

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Port Boujdour The fishing sector is the locomotive of economic development and social development of the Territory Boujdour, thanks to what is available from the shores of Atlantic, which Contain huge fish fortunes, and the length of the waterfront of the province about 275 km.

And is available on the following equipment: - Preventive facilities: 984 m - Flat land: 8 hectares - Sidewalks: 490 m 2

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Dakhla Morocco is now using a large agricultural industry as a catalyst to encourage settlement in the occupied country. In 2008 the agricultural sector employed in the areas of the city within about 4,000 seasonal workers contract lasts 10 months of the year, and 200 permanent workers. The year 2010 has increased the number of workers to 6480 workers, mostly of Moroccan origin.

And as a comparison, it has excluded the United States, and clearly, the territory of Western Sahara from the free trade agreement, which concluded with Morocco.

The Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, has said explicitly that "Morocco has no right to exploit the wealth of the country as if it were his own." It is known that Norway and the Countries of the European Free Trade area are not considered products of Western Sahara within the purview of their trade agreements with Morocco. In 2011, a Norwegian company was fined a fine of one million and 200 thousand (euro) because they did not apply the requirements of the free trade agreement with Morocco imported products from the occupied territories of Western Sahara. As everyone knows that all countries do not recognize the claims of Morocco in the occupied country.

The European Union, which imposes severe control on products coming from Palestine, not adopt the same policy in the occupied Western Sahara.

The former legal adviser said that the European fishing activities previous in Western Sahara was conducted in violation of international law. The European Parliament put an end to these activities in the month of December 2011. It is without doubt that the Convention on the agricultural products from farms known in the occupied territories are located in the same box: violation of international law.

Dakhla Port Known commercial traffic inside the port, serious abuses of, according to reliable sources in turning a blind eye to the smuggling of fish, which bring 69

²

revenue to some of those responsible , Our sources have detected this collusion overdrafts, as noted by several sources did not reveal the nature of their work

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71

²

72

²

Fishing villages outskirts of the Dakhla city 01 02 03 04 05 06

fishermen village: Anterft 1500 boats 8500 Sailor fisherme village: La sarga 1200 boat 5200 sailor fisherme village: Tishka 800 boat 4100 Sailor fishermen village: Emtalan 400 boat 2500 Sailor fishermen village: (called 111) /// /// fishermen village: Edjalah Adkan / / / ///

Factories in Dakhla ‫العنوان‬

‫الهاتف و‬ ‫الفاكس‬ TEL

‫المسم و نوعية النشاط‬ NOM ET TYPE D’ACTIVITE

73

‫الرقم‬°N D’ORDRE

² FAX

ADRESSE

DAKHLA DAKHLA

DAKHLA

- DAKMAR ‫داكمار‬ ‫داكناف‬ - DaknaF - TIKNA BICH ‫بيش‬

DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA

- IFNI AFRIGO - AFRIGO TANTAN ‫طانطان‬ - SIR CODA ‫كودا‬

DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA DAKHLA

- MLAL IYBICH - KONDIT GOLF -HOMME SAGIA ‫الساكية‬ - MIRDA ABISKA -KONJL MIRAMAR -AFRIGO MORAD -STRA BICH -FICH LAINE - KABO FARBAS -ESAGIA EL HAMRA

01 02 ‫تيكنا‬

03

- DIPROMER ‫ديبرو مبير‬ ‫افني‬ ‫افريكو‬ ‫افريكو‬

04

‫مسير‬

07

- INDISMAR ‫انديسمار‬ ‫ملل ابيش‬ ‫كونديت كولف‬ ‫رجال‬

08

‫ميريدا ايبسكا‬ ‫كونجل ميرامار‬ ‫افريكو مراد‬ ‫مسترا بيش‬ ‫فيش لين‬ ‫كابو بارباس‬ ‫الساكية الحمراء‬

12 13 14 15 16 17 18

05 06

09 10 11

Sand: Enters in the activities of the mining activity the uprooting of sand that are exported, especially to the Spanish islands of Las Palmas and Portugal at an annual production rate of up to 9.4 million tons per year price of $ 40 per ton.

74

²

Activity the uprooting of sand that are exported, especially to the Spanish islands of Las Palmas and Portugal at an per year price of $ 40 per ton

annual productionrate of up to 9.4 million tons

Salt: Exist in Western Sahara important salt mines stone, scattered in different areas that are easier to extract, and the purity of salt, in addition to large amounts of potassium salts, which can be extracted without significant costs from the Atlantic Ocean.

Territory of Western Sahara contain 42 swamps The huge tanks of salt Currently being exploited 9 of western sahara bogs by the occupation authorities

Hunting wild animals and birds: Morocco is in agreement with the clique with Saudi princes and some other Gulf states organize trips hunting wild animals including deer and rabbits Hermosh ... And birds as lahbar and Bobshir ... where they come seasonally large camps stationed in the Algehifah area and Boukraa aspects near hagounia and in lamsid oasis south of laayoune , where my Moroccan gendarmes works to guard them and their service.

75

²

The hunting of wild animals and birds

Tourism: Owns Western Sahara tourism potential significant and varied and large, supported views desert scenery, and the coast extended along hundreds of kilometers includes sites great for tourism and recreation marine addition, provide the appropriate conditions for adventure tourism and exploration, from tourist areas popular in the western sahara: an oasis for Msid, Valley Taffodart and Dakhla and Lagouira and the mouth of the valley beach ...

And there are several tourist facilities as "hotels,maritime ports recreation , camps, so, the tourist activity is one of the most important cornerstones future of the western sahara economy.

Renewable energies: Add to resources non-renewable, there renewable resources are important as the sun and wind and water - tides - where have confirmed research that energy captured from the sun ranging from 210 to 250 Watt on a meter, enough to produce electricity As for energy derived from wind, the chances larger so that Western sahara beach located in Canar Azores pour him packing winds ranging from 3.6 to 11 meters per second with a flag that the 76

²

rate required to generate electricity that is at least 3 meters

Effects: There is no doubt that the visitor will be surprised when they visit sites of ancient fossils of prehistoric effects, and left residents of the area fee and writings on the rocks, and in caves like the cheatan cave (devil's cave) In the area of the Lajwad in Teressplace.

Conclusion : The widespread exploitation of marine resources by foreign powers long ago, signifies its importance and its ability to provide generous financial sources for these entities, which exceeded the expansionist ambitions of international law and the rights of peoples to self-determination. . The big problem is that the occupying powers not only to exploit the wealth of fish from one side, but also allowed themselves to give permits to fleets freely to other foreigners fishing in the Sahrawi territorial waters , causing more abuses and doubling the pace of exploitation of this wealth.

Revenues fishing, during the first nine months of the current year, 380 billion centimes, versus 367 billion centimes during the same period last year, which made the sector known as growth reached 3%, benefiting from quantities circle of coastal fishing and traditional at the end of September past, which amounted to 801,547 tons, compared with 603,161 tons a year earlier, an increase of 33%.

According to memorandum statistics of Moroccan office fishing data, the quantities of pelagic fish contributed significantly to this growth, having increased by 40%, and white fish by 12%, and crustaceans by 6%, while decreased quantities of shellfish by 19%, and molluscs 6%.

Morocco's Atlantic interface contributed to the growth achieved during the first nine months of 2012 after it evolved quantities to 783,480 tons against 583,066 tons during the past year, an increase of 34% by volume, and 6% in value compared to the same period last.

77

²

Recently visited a committee representing the EU port of Laayoune , Where they found a different situation and became Laayoune Port pompous of ports, as this port adorned only with the advent of the European Committees.

Laayoune port , which is available on the largest inventory of sardines, as well as fish of high quality and that the majority of catches which are not declared by the Moroccan Office for Hunting and HCP for fishing,Where are smuggled in collusion with the lobbies spread their influence on the fishing sector in Western Sahara, which reflected negatively on the costeffectiveness of the fleet fishing of all kinds, as well as the physical and social situation of the fishing sector workers in the city, and static Western Sahara living in poverty, unemployment and increasing year by year in the ranks of youth.

Before the visit of the delegation of the European Union to Laayoune Port , precipitated authorities in the development of programs and business strategy codified, After clearing the port of vagrants and delinquents, and worn-out cars that transport the fish threw the fishing lobby in Laayoune markets .Been cleared as the port of garbage and became the laayoune port of in a new suit. so that a witty person described ugly port that has been beautifying powder. How long forcing authorities to put powder on this port when the advent of each European visit ..? Why not take advantage of the Saharawi people of wealth and services of this port, or is it that smuggling is the only allowable Who benefits from the wealth of marine ports of Western Sahara.?

Question be asked again, no longer suffice slogans filed by the unemployed Sahrawi protest movementst , Which says that the sahara bounties capable of employment, and As well as to the Commission to support settlement plan and protect natural resources in Western Sahara demanding protection riches of Western Sahara from attrition, as voices in thelaayoune streets and the rest of the cities of Western Sahara, which requires taking advantage of wealth, both marine and phosphate, and the biggest proof of this is the displacement of the Sahrawi refugee camp Gdim Izik which has been featuring for 29 days 30,000 thousand of Sahrawi civilians in 8000 thousands of tents, were distributed at a distance of 06 Kelmtr square protesters on their squalid.

Pat Sahrawi protesters for the duration of their sit-in protesting peacefully in an orderly and responsible, demanding to take advantage of their wealth,Sahrawi protesters continued for the duration of the sit-in protesting peacefully in an Sahrawi protesters continued for the duration of the sit-in protesting peacefully in an orderly and responsible, demanding to take advantage of their wealth, is it an answer .....orderly and responsible, demanding to take advantage of their wealth, is it an answer ......?

78

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The Committee for the Support of the settlement plan internationalist and protect natural resources in Western Sahara, on the lookout and fully aware that the information provided by the Office of fishing Moroccan is not of accuracy and credibility, he always gives figures wrong quantities depleted of fishing, If we add the quantities of smuggled and secret fishing, Morocco drains approximately 2 million tonnes at least from fishing in the waters of Western Sahara . We know that the fishing industry is divided into several fleets, (fishing on the high seas, and coastal fishing, which is divided into three types: fishing boats floss, sardine fishing boats, fishing boats trawl and traditional fishing ), and added the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries Moroccan fleet fish surface traction, any the so-called by RSW prohibited worldwide.

Information provided by Morocco to the European Commission, does not refer in any way to the people of Western Sahara, And not to their sole and legitimate representative, the Popular Front for the Liberation of Saguia elHamra and Oued gold Answer the Moroccan government does not include any reference to the legal conditions recognized, which obliges states exploit the natural resources of the territory does not enjoy sovereignty over its territory, such as Western Sahara, so that you first consult indigenous to the region, and to ensure access to their approval, as is stipulated legal counsel to the Security Council issued in 2002 to the United Nations, (Hans Corell and exactly on 29 January 2002), which explained that the Western Sahara is a territory did not complete the decolonization, and that any exploitation of its natural resources without the consent of indigenous people, in violation of the law international. And refined in the legal advice of the European Parliament issued in 2009. the UN legal counsel Dr. Hans Corell, recently questioned the validity of the acceptance of Morocco to act as hubs about the benefit of the fishing agreement is occupied by people and oppressing. Have tried EU exploit this view through giving explanations wrong to justify the signing of the maritime fishing, forcing the international legal re talking about the subject in the explanation for his opinion at an international seminar in Pretoria, repudiated the interpretation erroneous, and stressed that there is no legitimacy to pillage systematically to riches Western Sahara and exploited without the consent of the Saharawi people.

And Hans Corell wrote in an article called - Western Sahara status and wealth - have been published in the magazine New Roots in April 2010. "I received that the European Commission thinks that Morocco must ensure implementation of the agreement, is to take into account the wishes of Sahrawis. The light of these circumstances, and on the political conflict for years between Morocco and the Frente polisario , this situation is simply 79

²

unacceptable. This is what applies especially to Europe where it should be based on measures taken by States on the Charter of the United Nations, and modern treaties on human rights, such as the International Covenant on civil and political rights, and the European Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms. " Morocco is draining the wealth of Western Sahara without right, and Scott of the international community is what encouraged Morocco to further plunder of wealth, and the discovery of new mines, which ultimately leads to overexploitation of the western sahara natural resources .

The exploitation of natural resources without the consent of the indigenous population, is a flagrant violation of international law, as well as signing a number of agreements with a number of foreign companies to exploit natural resources in Western Sahara.

We hope that all countries should respect the resolutions of the United Nations, the UN Security Council and to assist in a just and impartial, ensuring self-determination of the Saharawi people, and remember that everyone involved in the looting of natural resources and desert exploited directly or indirectly without the will of the Saharawi people is opposed Nations resolutions United.

Comité de Apoyo al Plan de Arreglo de la ONU y la protección de los recursos naturales En el Sáhara Occidental 80

²

Objetivos: Comisión tiene por objeto apoyar el plan de la ONU para proteger y garantizar los derechos fundamentales del pueblo saharaui, en los planos político, económico y social.

A nivel político, la Comisión apoya la ONU prevé organizar un referéndum de autodeterminación en el Sáhara Occidental, pidiendo a las Naciones Unidas ya la opinión pública internacional para completar este plan y organizar un referéndum sobre la libre determinación.

En el plano económico y social, la Comisión tiene por objeto: Proteger la riqueza de la región de desgaste, como condición previa para asegurar la existencia continuada del pueblo saharaui en su casa, y por el establecimiento de mecanismos están bajo la supervisión y control de las Naciones Unidas.

Introducción: La cuestión del Sáhara Occidental clasificado en el contexto de la descolonización y la autodeterminación, CF A/RES/1514 de 14 de diciembre de 1960.

1963 fue considerado el territorio del Sáhara Occidental no autónomo territorio por las Naciones Unidas. En su opinión consultiva 16 de octubre 1975, se aprobó la Corte Internacional de Justicia, que es a través de la información presentada no ve la existencia de una soberanía vínculos entre el territorio del Sáhara Occidental y el Reino de Marruecos o Mauritania entidad. Por consiguiente corte no encontró ningún vínculo jurídico puede obstaculizar la aplicación de la resolución 1514 sobre la descolonización en el Sáhara Occidental, y en especial el principio de autodeterminación mediante la expresión libre de la población de la región.

Componentes de la economía saharaui: El Sáhara Occidental es rica diversidad de recursos naturales, es la costa rica en especies de peces Y también la tierra contienen en minerales como fosfatos y Alpetrol y vegetación diversa, la ganadería de camellos con sede y el turismo tienen un lugar importante en esta región, y hay también una extracción de arena y la sal .....

81

²

Fosfato: Sáhara Occidental se encuentra en reservas probadas de fosfato de 10 millones de toneladas, o aproximadamente el 10 por ciento de las reservas mundiales de fosfatos, incluidas las minas tan ricas como famosas minas Boukraa - las mejores minas del fosfatos en el mundo -, que se encuentra a 50 kilómetros al sur-este de la ciudad de El Aaiún, la principal de las capitales del Sáhara Occidental, que está cerca del mar sólo 20 - km de la costa atlántica. Fosfato y se remitirán a los siguientes países: España - Croacia - Australia - Japón México - Nueva Zelanda - Estados Unidos - Columbia - Lituania.

Poco antes de la salida de España, los 2.620 trabajadores, de los cuales unos 45 saharauis%, el 19% de esta cifra tienen trabajos técnicos, pero ahora el número no sea superior a 2.500 trabajadores, de los cuales sólo el 30% de origen saharaui, y la proporción de especialistas no supere el 17% del total de los trabajadores saharauis.

Pesca: No sólo la riqueza mineral solo en el Sáhara Occidental constituye una gran riqueza en el país, sino también de los recursos marinos, también, que son de gran importancia y tienen un papel importante en el desarrollo de la economía nacional, pero, por desgracia, no empleó ni tiempo para el país

sahara occidental Pesca: Sáhara Occidental una de las más ricas pesquerías costeras, ya que se encuentra en el pescado cuenca más importante y el más rico de África, un área estimada de 150 mil kilómetros cuadrados, y calificar las condiciones climáticas y ambientales para lograr una capacidad de producción anual supera las 10 toneladas por metro cuadrado kilómetro, y la posibilidad de alcanzar por lo menos 2 millones de toneladas al año, y esta agua tiene más de 200 tipos de peces diferentes, y 71 especies de moluscos y 14 especies de cefalópodos. Los puertos de El Aaiún y Bojador, Dajla puertos pesqueros más importantes de la costa del Sáhara Occidental, que incluye a muchos de los equipos asociados con las operaciones de pesca y cientos de unidades de procesamiento y fabricación, refrigeración y almacenamiento de productos marinos, y recibe cientos de buques pesqueros.

Esta producción proviene principalmente de las contribuciones de la pesca costera y la pesca modernos y tradicionales practicados en las secciones tradicionales y costeras y en alta mar, así como de los recursos costeros de la 82

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región.

Marruecos depende de la flota pesquera de hoy incluye 290 buques, así como los barcos de pesca 7866 de la tradicional Sahara Occidental. Crear actividades de pesca cerca de 60.000 puestos de trabajo indirectos, 35.500 puestos de trabajo a bordo de barcos de pesca, cerca de 100.000 puestos de trabajo en la parte saharaui actividades pesqueras tradicionales de ellas no supere el 10% del total de trabajadores.

La explotación generalizada de los recursos marinos por parte de las potencias extranjeras hace mucho tiempo significa su importancia y su capacidad de proporcionar generosas fuentes de financiamiento para estas entidades, que superó las ambiciones expansionistas del derecho internacional y los derechos de los pueblos a la libre determinación. El problema es grande es que las fuerzas de ocupación no sólo para explotar la riqueza de los peces de un lado, pero se dejó de dar permisos a flotas pesqueras extranjeras libremente otra en el sahara occidental aguas territoriales, lo que hace más abusos y se duplicó el ritmo de explotación de los esta riqueza Teniendo en cuenta el papel desempeñado por los puertos de la economía, se ha completado y está previsto importantes inversiones desde 1975.

Quitar las cantidades estimadas en el puerto de El Aaiún en 2010 aproximadamente 305.759 toneladas de diversos tipos de pescado por valor de más de 686 millones de dirhams (68,6 millones) $ La verdadera industria apareció vinculado a los peces marinos se han creado varias empresas especializadas en la industria del petróleo y pescado enlatado.

De acuerdo con las estadísticas para el año 2011 marroquí enviado unos 320.000 toneladas de productos pesqueros desde el puerto de El Aaiún, este sector ha contribuido a la aparición de varias actividades industriales, especialmente de pescado congelado.

Arena: Entra en las actividades de la actividad minera, el desarraigo de arena que se exporta, sobre todo a las islas españolas de Las Palmas y Portugal a un ritmo de producción anual de hasta 9,4 millones de toneladas por año de precio de 40 dólares por tonelada.

Sal: Existen en Sahara occidental importantes minas de sal, esparcidos en diferentes 83

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áreas que son más fáciles de extraer, y la pureza de la sal, además de grandes cantidades de sales de potasio, que pueden ser extraídos sin costos significativos desde el Océano Atlántico.

Territorio del Sáhara Occidental contienen 42 de Los pantanos enormes tanques de sal Actualmente está siendo explotado 9 del sahara occidental pantanos por las autoridades de ocupación

La caza de animales salvajes y aves Marruecos está de acuerdo con la camarilla de príncipes sauditas y algunos otros estados del Golfo organizan viajes de caza de animales silvestres, incluidos los venados y conejos Hermosh ... Y las aves como lahbar y Bobshir ... donde vienen estacionalmente grandes campamentos estacionados en la zona de Algehifahy aspectosde Boukraa y cerca hagounia y en lamsid oasis al sur de El Aaiún, donde mi gendarmes marroquíes trabaja para protegerse ellos y su servicio

Turismo: Posee Sáhara Occidental potencial turístico importante y variado y grande, paisaje desierto apoyada puntos de vista, y la costa extendió a lo largo de cientos de kilómetros incluye sitios grandes para la adición turismo y la recreación marina, proporcionan las condiciones adecuadas para el turismo de aventura y exploración, de las zonas turísticas más populares en la Sáhara Occidental: un oasis para Msid, Taffodart Valley y Dakhla y Lagouira y la desembocadura del valle de la playa ...

Y hay varias instalaciones turísticas como "Hoteles, puertos de recreación marítimos ,campamentos, entonces, la actividad turística es uno de los pilares más importantes en el futuro de la economía del Sáhara Occidental.

Las energías renovables: Añadir a los recursos no renovables, hay también importantes recursos renovables como el sol y el viento y el agua - mareas - donde la investigación ha confirmado que la energía captada del sol que van desde 210 hasta 250 vatios en un metro, lo suficiente como para producir electricidad En cuanto a la energía derivada a partir del viento, las posibilidades más grandes para que el Sáhara Occidental playa situado en Azores Canar vierta él con vientos entre 3,6 y 11 metros por segundo con una bandera que la tasa necesaria para generar 84

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electricidad que es por lo menos 3 metros

Efectos: No hay duda de que el visitante se sorprenderá cuando visitan sitios de fósiles antiguos de efectos prehistóricos, y los residentes de izquierda de la cuota área y escritos en las rocas y en las cuevas como la cueva cheatan (cueva del diablo) En el ámbito de la Lajwad en Teressplace.

Boujdour: El sector de la pesca es la locomotora del desarrollo económico y el desarrollo social del Territorio Bojador, gracias a lo que está disponible desde las costas del Atlántico, que contienen grandes fortunas peces, y la longitud de la línea de costa de la provincia a unos 275 km.

Dakhla: Marruecos está utilizando un sector agrícola grande como un catalizador para alentar los asentamientos en el país ocupado. En 2008, el sector agrícola emplea en las zonas de la ciudad, a unos 4.000 trabajadores de contrato de temporada dura 10 meses del año, y 200 trabajadores permanentes. El año 2010 se ha incrementado el número de trabajadores a 6.480 trabajadores, en su mayoría de origen marroquí.

Y como comparación, se ha excluido a los Estados Unidos, y claramente, el territorio del Sáhara Occidental del acuerdo de libre comercio, que concluyó con Marruecos.

El Ministerio noruego de Asuntos Exteriores, ha dicho explícitamente que "Marruecos no tiene derecho a explotar la riqueza del país como si fuera el suyo propio." Se sabe que Noruega y los Países de la Asociación Europea de Libre no se consideran productos del Sáhara Occidental dentro del ámbito de sus acuerdos comerciales con Marruecos. En 2011, una empresa noruega fue multado con una multa de un millón 200 mil (euros) por no aplicar los requisitos del acuerdo de libre comercio con Marruecos los productos importados de los territorios ocupados del Sáhara Occidental. Como todo el mundo sabe que todos los países no reconocen las pretensiones de Marruecos en el país ocupado.

La Unión Europea, que impone un control severo sobre los productos procedentes de Palestina, no adoptar la misma política en el Sáhara Occidental ocupado. El ex asesor jurídico dijo que las actividades pesqueras europeas anteriores en el Sáhara Occidental se llevó a cabo en violación del derecho internacional. El Parlamento Europeo pone fin a estas actividades en el mes de 85

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diciembre de 2011. Se trata sin duda de que la Convención sobre los productos agrícolas de las fincas conocidas en los territorios ocupados se encuentran en la misma caja: violación del derecho internacional.

Aldeas pesqueras de los alrededores de la ciudad de Dakhla: 01 Pescador Village 02 Pescador Village 03 Pescador Village 04 Pescador Village 05 Pescador Village 06 Pescador Village

Antrvat 1500 barco Asarka 1200barco Ti_ka 800 barco Amtalan 400 barco (llamado 111) /// Edjailah Adkan / / /

8500 marinero 5200 marinero 4100 marinero 2500 marinero /// ///

Conclusión: El Comité de Apoyo al Plan de Arreglo de las Naciones Unidas y la protección de los recursos naturales en el Sáhara Occidental se compone de activistas saharauis de los derechos humanos que miran de cerca cómo el agotamiento de los recursos naturales del Sáhara Occidental y que monitorean el drenaje.

Tras el alto el fuego en 1991 en el Marruecos del Sáhara Occidental comenzó a ampliar sus relaciones con muchos países, invitándoles a participar en la explotación de los recursos naturales saharauis Al mismo tiempo, intensificar la explotación del fosfato saharaui, sobre todo que esta explotación no pasa sin la participación de algunas empresas multinacionales para ayudar a desarrollar algunos sectores de la economía y esto se puede decir que estas empresas están directamente involucrados en el saqueo de los recursos naturales del Sáhara Occidental, que alentó a Marruecos a nuevas investigaciones y descubrimientos de nuevas minas, que en última instancia conducir a la sobre-explotación de las riquezas saharauis y en vigor, a sabiendas de que él no tiene derecho a hacerlo sobre la base de que las disposiciones del derecho internacional, que ha sido reafirmado por el Asesor Jurídico de las Naciones Unidas, Hans Corell, el 29 de enero de 2002, lo que indica que el Sahara Occidental es un territorio no logró completar la descolonización y cualquier explotación de sus recursos naturales sin el consentimiento de los pueblos indígenas es una violación flagrante del derecho internacional.

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Esto permite a la máquina de perforación agujeros verticales perforados en el suelo, para ser colocado explosivos con el fin de facilitar el proceso de extracción de fosfato

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Se lleva a cabo por una mĂĄquina llamada Stacker

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Es stockeuse fosfato assuréLe almacenado por la máquina es tomada por una máquina llamada excavadora de ruedas por una máquina llamada Stacker

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En esta imagen un grupo de camiones que esperan su turno para envío toneladas de diferentes tipos de peces y van a las ciudades portuarias de Marruecos Casablanca, Agadir y Tánger, así como el tránsito hacia Europa y su carga: 35 toneladas camioneta gran camión de 60 toneladas

Métodos red de pesca que no respetan las normas internacionalmente establecidas para la seguridad de la pesca.

Mercado de pescado del puerto de El Aaiún, Sáhara Occidental.

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desde el interior del Mercado de pescado del puerto de El Aaiún, Sáhara Occidental.

Marruecos depende de la flota pesquera de hoy incluye 290 buques, así como los barcos de pesca 7866 de la tradicional Sahara Occidental

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aldeas en las afueras de la ciudad de El Aaiún, en el Sáhara Occidental

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Actividad del desarraigo de arena que se exportan, especialmente a las islas españolas de Las Palmas y Portugal en una productionrate anual de hasta 9,4 millones de toneladas por año de precio de 40 dólares por tonelada

.La caza de animales salvajes y pájaros en el Sáhara Occidental

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