INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

MODERN SCIENCE & ARTS UNIVERSTY FACULTY OF ENGINEERING ARCHETECTURAL DEPARTMENT

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

GRADUATION PROJECT I

2020

Authors AYA MOHAMED MAHMOUD ABDELAZEEM MOHAMED RASHED REEM AYMAN ZEYAD ASHRAF ZUBAIDAH AL SAAD

162961 151887 155009 154439 164255 161067

THIS BOOK HAS BEEN DONE BY A GROUP OF SENIOR STUDENTS FOR THEIR GRADUATION PROJECT UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF PROFESSORS AND TEACHER ASSISTANTS AT MODERN SCIENCE AND ARTS UNIVERSITY IN THE FALL SEMESTER OF YEAR 2019/2020

UNDER SUPERVISION OF : DR. SAMEH ELFEQY DR. OMAR FAWZY

DR. RASHA SAYED DR. TAREQ ABDALSALAM

ARC.YOUSRA ALAA ARC. TAHER ABDELGHANY

ARC. SHERINE HUSSEIN ARC. SHERINE FAROUK ARC. RANA ADEL

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ABSTRACT Automotive designing and Car spare parts is a world wide industry, and a process of developing the appearance, and to some extent the ergonomics to achieve an advanced level at the economic of a country by exporting multiple spare parts of different types of cars as Egypt is famous in this field. In addition, maintain, fixing and assembling vehicles which are imported to Egypt. Design roles are not associated with requirements for Professional or Chartered-Engineer qualifications.

Automotive Industry is a process that starts of repairing and assembling to reach the production. 6th October City is a convenient place to start an Institute that is specialized in teaching body shaping, assembling, and repairing spare parts of cars.

6th October City has multiple of various care spare parts workshops that includes workers who have a good experience in such an Industry. So, considering the future look to create an Egyptian Car Brand, and the absence of this type of Education Institutes in Egypt, this project is designed to illustrate an Educational Institute that focuses in teaching the coming generations Basics and origins of Automotive Industry. This will help students to fit in the market as skilled workers are demand.

To create a healthy right educational community that is focused in Automotive design, some researches and studies about this type of Institutes were made and took under consideration to form a similar successful environment. Case studies of these Educational institutes are mentioned to prove this point. The aim of this project is to further increase its efficiency in the global fields in which it operates by educating students how to built, maintain, fix, and develop car spare parts in Automotive Industry. The strategies are mainly concentrating on identifying the needs for the community members, and then analyze these needs in order to set an action plan.

The project‘s action plan is focusing on attracting the targeted groups or users in order to participate together achieving a common objective. The project‘s objectives are using the experience of the old workers and to get benefit from them as they teach students how to maintain, repair, paint, and design car spare parts and shape. In conclusion, this has been the appropriate solution to produce skilled workers who know how to learn and practice this job to fit in the Automotive Field which has a huge shortening from all aspects in Egypt.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................... 9-11 1.2 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 12-13 CHAPTER II : HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 HISTORY OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY ....................................................

2.2 TIMELINE OF INTITUTES ............................................................................

15 16

CHAPTER III : PROJECT SELECTION 3.1 LIST OP PROBLEMS ...................................................................................... 18-19 3.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT.............................................................................… 20-23 3.3 PROJECT SCOPE ............................................................................................ 24-28 CHAPTER IV : DESIGN ISSUES 4.1 CIRCULATION.................................................................................................

4.2 FLEXIBILITY ..................................................................................................

4.3 IMAGE .............................................................................................................

4.4 SAFETY ............................................................................................................

4.5 MOOD ..............................................................................................................

4.6 COMFORT ........................................................................................................

4.7 SECURITY .......................................................................................................

4.8 INTERACTION ................................................................................................

30-33 34-35 36-37 38 39-43 44-46 47-48 49-50

CHAPTER V : CASE STUDIES INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES 5.1 MANTOIS TECHNOLOGY CENTRE IN YVELINES …………………….

5.2 KANGAN BATMAN INSTITUTE / LYONS………………………………..

REGIONAL CASE STUDIES 5.3 AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY EXPORTERS UNION TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL ............................................................................

5.4 SAUDI JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE HIGH INSTITUTE…………………..

LOCAL CASE STUDIES 5.5 TECHNICAL SCHOOL FOR DUAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING (MUBARAK KOHL) .....................................................................

5.6 FUTURE UNIVERSITY IN EGYPT (FUE) …………………………….…

52-62 63-72

73-85 86-94 95-99 100-106

CHAPTER VI : SITE SELECTION 6.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA……………………………………..………

6.2 SITE I ……………………………………………………………….............

6.2.1 SITE LOCATION………………………………………….…....

6.2.2 LANDUSE MAP …………………………………………..…....

6.2.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP ………………………………........

6.2.4 BUILDING CONDITION MAP ………………………….......…

6.2.5 ROAD HIERARCHY MAP ……...………………………….......

6.2.6 SOLID & VOID MAP ……………...………………………......

108 109 109 110 111 112 113 114

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6.2.7 MENTAL MAP ……...……………….................................115-116 6.2.8 CLIMATE ANALYSIS ..............................................................117 6.2.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ....................................................................118 6.3 SITE II ….…………………………………...……….…………………….119 6.3.1 SITE LOCATION………………………………………….…....119 6.3.2LANDUSE MAP ……………………………………………......120 6.3.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP ……………………………...…....121 6.3.4 BUILDING CONDITION MAP …………………………...…...122 6.3.5 ROAD HIERARCHY MAP ……...…………………………......123 6.3.6 SOLID & VOID MAP ……………...………………………......124 6.2.7 MENTAL MAP ……...……………………..........................125-126 6.8 CLIMATE ANALYSIS ................................................................. 127 6.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ........................................................................128 6.4 SITE III ….…………………………………………………...……......…... 129 6.4.1 SITE LOCATION………………………………………….…....129 6.4.2 LANDUSE MAP ……………………………………………......130 6.4.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS MAP ………………………………...…131 6.4.4 BUILDING CONDITION MAP …………………………...…...132 6.4.5 ROAD HIERARCHY MAP ……...…………………………......133 6.4.6 SOLID & VOID MAP ……………...………………………......134 6.4.7 MENTAL MAP ……...……………………..........................135-136 6.4.8 CLIMATE ANALYSIS ...............................................................137 6.4.9 SWOT ANALYSIS ......................................................................138 6.5 SELECTED SITE .........................................................................................139 CHAPTER VII : DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 7.1 DEMOGRAPHIC STUDIES …………………………...…………..………...

141 7.2 SPACE PROGRAME ………………………………………………................ 142-143 7.2 LAYOUT STANDARDS ………………...…………………………................ 144 7.2 STANDARDS ………………………………………………………................ 145-154 7.2 DESIGN REQUIRMENTS ………...………………………………................ 155-156 7.2 REGULATION …………………..…………………………………................ 157 CHAPTER VIII : SUSTAINABILITY 159 8.1 SUSTAINABILITY DEFINISION ..................................................................

8.2 ENVIROMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY .......................................................... 160-161 8.3 ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY ............................................................... 162 8.4 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY ...........................................................................

162 CHAPTER IX : INDIVIDUAL WORK 9.1 AYA MOHAMED ……………….....................................................................

9.2 MAHMOUD ABD EL AZEEM ………............................................................

9.3 MOHAMED RASHED …………….................................................................

9.4 REEM AYMAN ……………............................................................................

9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF ………….............................................................................

9.4 ZUBAIDA AL SAAD ………...........................................................................

164-173 174-182 183-191 192-199 200-208 209-216

CHAPTER X : BIBLIOGRAPHY 10.1 TABLE OF FIGURES…………...................................................................... 218-231 10.2 TABLE OF REFERENCES…………………….............................................. 232-239

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01

INTRODUCTION

THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY HAS BECOME ONE OF THE BIGGEST BY-INCOME ECONOMIC SECTORS IN THE WORLD AS IT‘S A MOTOR VEICHLE DESIGN, PRODUCTION, MANUFACTURING, MARKETING, AND SALES

INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW

01 CHAPTER

The history of early cars, an automotive car using a combustion engine, can be traced back to the late 1800s. This industry has developed by years to become an important income economic sector world wide. Thompson, R. (2019) The automotive industry comprises a wide variety of companies, institutes, schools, and organizations engaged in motor vehicle design, production, manufacturing, marketing, and sales. It Includes most parts, such as; engines and bodies, but not tires, as well as batteries and fuel.

It is one of the biggest by-income economic sectors in the world.

The term automotive derives from the Greek autos (self), and the Latin motivus (of movement), which refers to any type of self-powered automobile. Automotive industry. (2020, May 14).

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

The automobile industry's history, though brief relative to that of many other industries, is of extraordinary significance due to its impacts on the culture of the 20th century (Binder, A. K., & Rae, J. B. (2018, August 2)).

While the car emerged in Europe in the late 19th century, with the advent of mass manufacturing methods, the United States totally dominated the world industry during the first half of the 20th ce ntury. The condition changed dramatically in the second half of the century when Western European countries, and Japan became major producers and exporters.

For 50 years, the car industry has been developing in Egypt. It can produce more than 200,000 vehicles of all types annually and is currently the second largest industry in Africa and the 42nd largest in the world, with over 70,000 vehicles selling annually. The Egyptian Automotive industry is more focused on assembly operations, rather than manufacturing, after experiencing many failures and success. Zaher, S. (n.d.). Automotive industry in Egypt

In this project, it‘s basically focused on the body shaping, assembling, and repairing spare parts of cars. The target from this project is to take this kind of industries into a different level and lift up the economic level of Egypt.

As the start of the process of repairing and assembling to reach the production of Egyptian Car Brand in the further future vision from training students by exploiting people with better experience. In addition, it‘s an important aspect to design the institute to be more likely to the actual environment to help students connecting to it practically

Fig (1.1.1) automotive design (wiki design,2012)

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INTRODUCTION 1.1 OVERVIEW

01 CHAPTER

Suggested Sites In this project, there are three suggested sites that may benefit the Automotive Institute via the most of the surroundings that are specialized the in the Car Spare Parts, materials selling, craftsmen, and other various centers.

SITE I

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EL-HERAFEEN that is located Madinet El - Salam, Cairo Governorate, Egypt. It overlooks the Cairo-Ismailia Desert Road, the Ring Road, Cairo International Airport and the Nozha neighborhood

EL-HERAFEEN is the largest professional gathering of automotive parts and accessories trade in Egypt that will benifet our project by it‘s enviroment that have multipul of car spare parts shops and the experience of Laborers.

EL-HERAFEEN neighborhood has evolved to become a self-contained city that includes everything that comes to mind, from auto parts and equipment, welding and sheeting, car repairs and cranes, and major automotive parts dealers in the city where it is rare for an automotive users not to find a desirable spare part of the car. Foda, H. (n.d.). ElHerafeyeen (2020).

Fig (1.1.3) El-Herafeyeen (akhbar-auto edited by author ,2020)

Fig (1.1.2) site location (google maps edited by author ,2020)

Fig (1.1.4) El-Herafeyeen (akhbar-auto edited by author ,2020)

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INTRODUCTION

01 CHAPTER

1.1 OVERVIEW Suggested Sites SITE II

PORT-SAID located in the northeast of Egypt, at the Suez Canal Gate, and is surrounded on the east by North Sinai Governorate, to the south by Ismailia Governorate, and to the west by Damietta Governorate.

This site is famous of selling and repairing car spare parts shops. As well as different vehicle Agencies are spread all over Port-Said.

6th OCTOBER CITY located in the northeast of Egypt, at the Suez Canal Gate, and is surrounded on the east by North Sinai Governorate, to the south by Ismailia Governorate, and to the west by Damietta Governorate. This is the selected site that the Institute Of Automotive Design would fit the best because it‘s well Organized city in terms of urban and design planning so it‘s easy to reach the site.

As well as; it‘s the largest industrial city in Egypt that contains a high number of workshops that would help in practicing what students are educated in this Institute. 6th October city is famous as a students city because of the existed universities and students residency.

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Fig (1.1.5) site location (google maps edited by author ,2020)

SITE III

Fig (1.1.6) site location (google maps edited by author ,2020)

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INTRODUCTION

01 CHAPTER

1.2 METHODOLOGY

Methodology presented in Institute Of Automotive Design is a systematic, theoretical analysis of the methods applied to this educational field of study. As well as; it‘s a general strategy that describes and shows the outline of the undertaken methods to accomplish the target of this Educational Institute and how to be used it.

To illustrate the Methodology identification of this Project, the first step was the collection f data that helped in analyzing the main idea of the Automotive Design Institute. Background information was the first step that allowed to figure out more about it. Searching, reading, and asking professionals who are experts in this field, letting the vision clearer to distinguish and expand ideas and thoughts. This step led to find out the list of problems that took apart in resolving these issues. Subsequently, writing the introduction that contains the Overview of Automotive industry, Historical Background, and Automotive Industry in Egypt. As a progress, there are three suggested sites that were chosen based on criteria of this projects and needs, circulation, surroundings, and other architectural elements that serve the project‘s nature. After finding the best site selection of the three sites, depending on urban analysis and criteria of the site, other analysis such as; Site Analysis, Location Selection, Design Issues, and Case Studies to figure more about it. To Conclude, after getting all of the needed data, the start up point to get to design phase is all clear. Architecture concepts 1. were suggested to choose the 8. appropriate one to apply it.

2.

1. Background Information

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This is an Educational research type presented as an Educational Institute specialized in Automotive Design. In this research, an architecture-based approach and a suitable mapping technique are proposed to develop the research solutions. In this research, the sequence of designing this project is described by analysis, sketches, case studies, and other data. The Aim of this project is to build an Institute that has a purpose to educate students how to design an Automotive cars, maintain, polish, and repair spare parts. The lack of these Institutes in Egypt generally is the main reason of the selection of this project.

2. List Of Problems 7.

3.

3. Introduction to Automotive Design

4. Project Selection 6.

5. Suggested Sites

7. Design Issues

6. Urban Analysis

8. Conclusion

4.

5.

Fig (1.2.1) Methodology (Edited by author ,2020)

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INTRODUCTION

01 CHAPTER

1.2 METHODOLOGY

Background Information

Problem Identification

Cultural Analysis

Overview of Automotive industry

List of Sites

Historical Background Automotive Industry in Egypt

Project Selection

Selecting 3 suitable sites

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Introduction Analysis

Urban Analysis

Site Analysis

Selection of the convenient site for the project

Location Selection

Design Issues

Case Studies

Conclusion

Pros & Cons

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02

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

THIS CHAPTER ILLUSTRATES THE HISTORY OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AND HOW IT STARTED, THE MAIN CHANGES AND DEVELOPMENTS THAT HAPPENED DURING THE TIME PASSING, AS WELL AS THE EVENTS AND CHALLENGES THAT APPEARED AND AFFECTED THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

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2.1 HISTORY OF AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY

CHAPTER

Nicolas-joseph, (born September 25, 1725, void, France— dead October 2, 1804, Paris), French military engineer who planned and constructed the world's first true automobile A large, steam-powered tricycle.

In 1769 Nicolas-joseph builds the first self-propelled road vehicle in France.

Because of this idea, many ideas appeared over time it is known by its name today as vehicle (Fig. 2.1.2) first road vehicle (author, 2020)

The age of early electric vehicles, which proved to be successful owing to the development of the motors, which enabled the popularity of the electric vehicle, before the pioneers were able to create an powerful diesel engine, which was quite welcome.

(Fig. 2.1.3) first electric vehicle (reconstruction, 2011)

In 1965, it was the first university interested to study automotive body design

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(Fig. 2.1.1) NICOLAS-JOSEPH (MĂĄquina de vapor, 1884)

After fighting in the Austrian army in the seven years ' war, joseph returned to Paris in 1763 to dedicate his time to writing tactical treatises and tinkering with a variety of innovations he had invented during his mission. He designed two steam-propelled artillery tractors, the first in 1769 and the second in 1770. The second survived and is housed in the regional conservatory of arts and crafts, Paris.

(Fig. 2.1.5) university of maryland (enacademic, 2014)

Institute of mechanical engineers is the first british professional association of mechanical engineers.

(Fig. 2.1.4) The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE)(author, 2020)

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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

02 CHAPTER

2.2 TIMELINE OF INTITUTES

The first British professional association of mechanical engineers... built on a strong foundation.

Institute Of Mechanical Engineers American Institute Of Mechanical Engineers

The first in developing their organization and raising technical standards in this industry THAT laid TO the foundations of the Institute of the Automotive Industry today

London Motor Trade Institute

1880A.D Royal Institute Of Electrical And Mechanical Engineers

1920 A.D in USA based, globally active professional association and standards developing organization for engineering professionals in industries

SAE International Engineering

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1837 A.D

The first in developing their organization and raising technical standards in this industry THAT laid TO the foundations of the Institute of the Automotive Industry today

The first American institute to promote and develop intellectual leadership in various sectors of industry

1945 A.D

KANGAN Batman institute

1973 A.D

in Melbourne's Docklands accommodates a dedicated training and showcase facility for Australia‘s automotive trades and manufacturing

2006 A.D

Conclusion : From the time the cars appeared, they established themselves as a major mode of transportation in transporting people and goods in developed countries. After World War II, the auto industry was one of the most influential industries. By focusing on the history of the auto industry study, we find the rapid development and permanent interest in this industry, which allows the opportunity to help for building an institute of automotive design

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03

PROJECT SELECTION

AMONG THIS CHAPTER, THE FOCUS GOES ON POTENTIAL POINTS THAT MAKE THE AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY AN IMPORTANT FIELD IN DIFFERENT LEVELS. THESE POTENTIALS, WEAKNESSES AND SHORTCOMINGS OF THIS INDUSTRY CAUSE GREAT IMPACT ON THE PROGRESS OF THE AUTOMOTIVE INDISTRY..SO, THE EDUCATIONAL APPROACH IS THE MAIN AIM FOR THE SELECTED PROJECT.

PROJECT SELECTION

03 CHAPTER

3.1 LIST OF PROBLEMS

MARKETING & COLLECTING

LACK OF TECHNICAL SCHOOLS

LACK OF INVESTORS 3.1.1 LACK OF TECHNICAL SCHOOLS Egypt's lack of technical schools specialized in the automotive industry for two reasons.

• The first reason is the lack of auto industry in Egypt • The other reason is the high cost of establishing technical schools for this sector that needs advanced machines that require high costs that may not be borne by the budget of the ministry of education in charge of technical education.

Technical schools could create a highly skilled generation for the automotive sector, and to prepare experiences in assembling cars that are compatible with the current conditions, and the possibility of sending a group for external education to familiarize themselves closely with the ways of manufacturing cars themselves with the possibility of transferring external expertise, in the future to the Egyptian market

The Egyptian auto market lacks effective technical schools due to the lack of a real car industry in Egypt and that industry can create a highly skilled generation for the automotive sector Raafat Masrouga (2017)

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WORKSHOP TRAINING CENTER

(Fig. 3.1.1.1) car manufacturing (Author, 2020)

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PROJECT SELECTION

03 CHAPTER

3.1 LIST OF PROBLEMS

3.1.3 MARKETING & COLLECTING The problem with the auto industry in Egypt revolves around that it only collects cars and does not manufacture them, and its marketing experience is weak, shifting from the idea of assembly to full manufacturing by inviting the word‘s leading companies in the field of automobile manufacturing and feeding industries to control their investments in Egypt this should be done according to a vision based on manufacturing a car for export abroad.

3.1.4 WORKSHOP TRAINING CENTER Due to the lack of training workshops for automotive , Egypt is trying hard to attract big companies to invest in the car industry, such as American car companies like Ford and Enterprise, AND China Dongfeng Auto Industry CompanyEgypt is working hard to expand in this sector because of its importance, and this will reflect positively on the future of the auto industry in Egypt. The automotive sector alone can revive the economy and achieve self-sufficiency in the future and in the long run, provided the start is right, including a training center and a workshop for cars to create highly-skilled professional technical workers. This will reflect on how the assembly and manufacturing method will changed in Egypt.

(Fig. 3.1.2.1) money saving (Author, 2020)

(Fig. 3.13.1) Car components (Google, 2020)

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3.1.2 LACK OF INVESTORS Although Egypt is a catalyst for global markets, especially in light of national projects expected to pay off soon, the problem is that investors are moving away for the simple reason that this industry do not offer what attracts them to pump those billions despite the huge domestic market and export potential, so These people tend to go to other countries that provide better conditions and facilities.

(Fig. 3.1.4.1) car manufacturing (Author, 2020)

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PROJECT SELECTION 3.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

03 CHAPTER

"The success of the auto industry in Egypt depends on the existence of a strategy for cars and their exit into the light. Without a strategy, no one would dare invest in a market in which the vision of that strong industry is absent.�

ADEL BADIR, an expert in the automotive industry

Egypt suffers from many problems in the field of cars, and this industry cannot succeed in Egypt Without making strong cars .

ABDEL MONEIM EL-KADY Vice President of the Chamber of Engineering Industries

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While the state seeks to develop the auto industry and rely on this industry as one of the main pillars in developing the national economy, there are some obstacles that Egypt faces, which are that Egypt depends on assembly and not manufacturing, a lack of technical schools specialized in the auto industry, which need machines Sophisticated costs require and may not be borne by the state budget, and the lack of auto training workshops for technicians.

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PROJECT SELECTION

03 CHAPTER

LITERATURE REVIEW

"I LIKEN MYSELF TO HENRY FORD AND THE AUTO INDUSTRY, I GIVE YOU 90 PERCENT OF WHAT MOST PEOPLE NEED"

ADAM OSBORNE

" ELECTRIC CARS ARE NOT GOING TO TAKE THE MARKET BY STORM, BUT IT'S GOING TO BE A GRADUAL IMPROVEMENT"

CARLOS GHOSN

RICHARD BRANSON

"FROM SOLAR TO ELECTRIC CARS, FROM GEOTHERMAL TO RECONFIGURING THE GRID, THE SCALE OF INVESTMENT NEEDED IN GREEN TECHNOLOGIES IN ORDER TO MEET WHATEVER AGREEMENTS ON EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS ARE FINALLY AGREED WILL BE IMMENSE "

NOREENA HERTZ

"I'VE ACTUALLY MADE A PREDICTION THAT WITHIN 30 YEARS A MAJORITY OF NEW CARS MADE IN THE UNITED STATES WILL BE ELECTRIC. AND I DON'T MEAN HYBRID, I MEAN FULLY ELECTRIC "

ELON MUSK

"THE U.S. AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY HAS BEEN SELLING CARS THE SAME WAY FOR OVER 100 YEARS, AND THERE ARE MANY LAWS IN PLACE TO GOVERN EXACTLY HOW THAT IS TO BE ACCOMPLISHED"

ELON MUSK

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

CARS HAVE A LARGE ENGINE IN THE FRONT AND YOU HAVE A GEARBOX, WHICH IS CUMBERSOME. ELECTRIC CARS DON'T HAVE THIS PROBLEM. THE MOTOR IS MUCH SMALLER, THE BATTERY IS BELOW YOU. THIS WILL ALLOW YOU TO PLAY WITH DIFFERENT SHAPES.

"EVERY SINGLE COUNTRY THAT HAS AN AUTO INDUSTRY IS STEPPING FORWARD TO HELP THAT AUTO INDUSTRY. WHY WOULDN'T WE HELP THIS INDUSTRY TOO, BECAUSE IT NEEDS 3.5 MILLION JOBS"

JENNIFER GRANHOLM

"IN THE AUTO INDUSTRY, THERE'S ONE THING YOU CAN ALWAYS COUNT ON: IF A NEW ENVIRONMENTAL OR SAFETY RULE IS PROPOSED, EXECUTIVES WILL PROPHESY DISASTER"

JAMES SUROWIECKI

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PROJECT SELECTION

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Different between Mechanical, Auto Engineering and Automotive Design

CHAPTER

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

1.

2.

3.

4.

Mechanical Engineering Majors Cars and Vehicles Aircraft and airspace Electronics Medical industries

Graduates Of The Specialization Are Entitled To Work In The Following Jobs 1.

Factories and companies 2.

Heating and air conditioning systems.

3.

Car companies and auto parts.

4.

Research centers.

5. Energy and renewable energy.

6.

Engineering offices Duration Of Study 5 years where hours of specialization are 160 credit hours to obtain Bachelor‘s degree

AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERING Definition It‘s design studies of automotive vehicles including design and manufacturing stages, vehicle performance and work, and vehicle mechanics studies.

1.

2.

3.

4.

Automotive Engineering Majors Internal combustion engines Computer Aided Design and Manufacture Mineral fuels .

Machine elements design Maintenance and repair and its stations .

Graduates Of The Specialization Are Entitled To Work In The Following Jobs 1. maintenance workshop.

2. manufacturing workshop.

3. power plants.

4. Car or machinery companies.

5. Teacher in industrial or scientific schools.

6. A mechanical expert

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Definition It‘s the specialty of analyzing, designing and developing mechanical and thermal systems and processes to obtain the best results and the highest efficiency with the lowest cost.

Duration Of Study: generally last between 4 - 5 years

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PROJECT SELECTION

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Different between Mechanical, Auto Engineering and Automotive Design

CHAPTER

AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Automotive Engineering Majors 1. Computer-aided design 2. Manufacturing process 3. Power systems 4. Vehicle electronics 5. Vehicle development 6. Environmental and emission factors

Graduates Of The Specialization Are Entitled To Work In The Following Jobs 1. maintenance workshop.

2. manufacturing workshop.

3. Product research facilities.

4. Car companies.

5. Car interior and exterior designers 6. A body design expert.

Duration Of Study: generally last between four and five years

The aim of this project is reaching a bigger goal which is industrialization an Egyptian brand in the long term as it‘s 100% made and manufactured in Egypt. The institute will be established to stimulate the growth of industrial enterprises by combining them with automotive training, research and development in one region. The most suitable location to build this Educational Institute is in 6th October City, because this city is famous with it‘s large industrial area and multiple workshops specialized in miscellaneous Services, such as; repairing, polishing, maintain, and manufacturing automotive spare parts. Another important aspect that distinguishes this city is Ease of access to the site and surroundings. This Automotive Educational Institute will witness one of the strongest professional trainings and certification programs in Africa and the Arab world wide by offering a variety of automotive courses that prepare students to preform effectively and successfully in this field with strong practical skills and knowledge. The available facilities will be characterized by the presence of world-class engine and vehicle testing facilities, new workshop spaces and an electric vehicle laboratory designed for this purpose, which is might be the right start to present an Egyptian vehicle in the automotive industry. The program will cover courses in computer science and electronics technology that in line with the development of technology around the world. Including options of Flexible learning such as; on-site training by cooperating with a group of international companies and experts help to reach an appropriate professional training curriculum for students.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Definition Automotive design is the process of designing the appearance and, to a certain degree, the ergonomics of motor vehicles, including cars, bikes, trucks, buses, coaches and vans.

In this context, automotive design is mainly concerned with the production of the external appearance or aesthetics of the car.

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PROJECT SELECTION

03 CHAPTER

3.3 PROJECT SCOPE 3.3.1 Project Identification : Why automotive institute ?

2000

1990

1980

1970

1960

In 2019, some foreign international companies expressed interest in investing in Egypt in the automotive industry, so the Egyptian government and the Association of Automobile Manufacturers in Egypt are working to revive the auto industry, as they are working to revive the Nasr Automotive industry again , examples of companies :  Foton company for the car industry  Fiat company

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Egypt was one of the major countries in the Middle East in the automotive industry , as it was distinguished by many components that make it very prestigious , such as its strategic location , along with the cultural site and industrial components A graph showing the change in the automotive industry for each decade Egypt was the first place in the auto industry in the Middle East and Africa region in the fifties 20,000 of the last century, as it manufactured more than 200 thousand cars annually and the 15,000 number of Egyptian workers in it was more than 12,000 workers. However, due to poor 10,000 planning and economic decline, sponsors in the 50,000 auto industry withdrew from investment in Egypt and the financial losses exceeded two billion pounds that lead to decrease the number of workers by more than 77% and stop the auto industry in Egypt . industry in this sector goes to maintenance and collecting cars .

Represent number of workers in automotive industry in 1980 Represent number of workers in automotive industry in 2000 500

12000

(Fig. 3.13.1) Graph represent the change in auto industry (EAAM, 2020) 3.3.2 Project Aim : Linking the institute‘s name to a brand so that it aims to produce 100% Egyptian cars and trying to Merge between automotive and mechanical engineering in Egypt to produce car industry , all that for the purpose of leadership in automotive sectors .

Brand Production Marketing

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PROJECT SELECTION

03 CHAPTER

3.3 PROJECT SCOPE 3.3.3 Project Mission : Providing education and services that help enterprises grow, communities prosper and individuals reach their full potential.

Instilling intangible values ​like professionalism, confidence, accountability, teamwork.

Dominate the market by providing the highest possible level of service

Create an exciting, efficient, reliable and sustainable type of vehicle

Enabling our students to design the car body, which helps in completing the process of manufacturing a car brand.

3.3.4 Project Vision : Our Institute will operate locally, nationally and internationally to be: Lean principle

 An innovative leader in customized learning products and services  The first choice for customers in the target markets

Identify value

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

To have a brand in the automotive industry for cars where the car has a distinct identity of its own

Map the value stream

 The leading educational institution to use Lean principles to benefit our customers  A vibrant professional services enterprise with a passion for excellence  Foster positive change through self-empowerment, education, and professional training to provide job skills, opportunities

Seek perfection

Create flow Establish pull

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PROJECT SELECTION

03 CHAPTER

3.3 PROJECT SCOPE 3.3.5 Project Objectives : To develop the technical knowledge, understanding and skills of those enrolled



Providing certificates of excellence in car service so that students can work and compete in the automotive industry



Exceed customers expectations



Alliances and partnerships to enable market growth



Trading with worldwide sponsors to get machines and equipment's.

3.3.6 Branding : (Fig. 3.3.5.1) collage (Author, 2020)

Branding Strategy key

Defining the Brand

Brand positioning (logo)

Being Unique

Identify the target groups

Strategic marketing

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN



Branding Strategy ….

•

Trying to partner with Al Nasr Automotive Company because it is considered the only brand in Egypt

•

invite those interested in the automotive industry, including a large number of investors and government members.

•

promoting for the future investment opportunities for the automotive industry

•

Marketing To The Brand Until The Production of the first car

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PROJECT SELECTION 3.3 PROJECT SCOPE

03 CHAPTER

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

 Defining the Brand brand is a promise to your customers. It tells them what they can expect from your products and services. It gives them an immediate ‗feel‘ – the level of quality, reliability, expense, style, trust, expertise, service and even emotional connection – what ever it is you try to inspire them to feel about your company.  Brand positioning ( logo ) An effective brand positioning ( logo ) strategy will give you a major edge in increasingly competitive markets. In short, your brand can be crucial to your business success, and to create competitive advantage for your product or service  Being Unique The brand must symbolize wealth and prestige, observing requirements in relation to customer needs. A thorough research must be conducted on what cars customers want and what cars customers need, then these factors are taken into account when designing the car. Customers may have different needs depending on the region where the product will be launched. In some areas, consumers may want a soft, luxurious car, while at a different location, speed may be given priority over luxury. This will help target potential buyers with a strategy of converting them into loyal customers.  Identify the target groups Invite those interested in the automotive industry, including a large number of investors and government members , Trying to partner with Al-Nasr Automotive Company because it is the only brand in Egypt  Strategic marketing markerting : Public relations generates publicity for the brand, helps cement the public‘s opinion of the brand, and identifies the brand. Advertising is clear . Without public relations, it would be impossible to create a world-class brand, regardless of budget or how exciting the product is. Public relations are absolutely essential for a brand.

3.3.7 Project Approach : The cultural approach using our automotive branding will generate a new culture driving sales in every sector and creating job opportunities it will help in focusing in new traditional product The social approach As an investment it will encourage the economy of buying this product and manufactured it Electric cars are predicted to be the next market force for transportation and technology.

Electric cars are one solution to the negative environmental impact of conventional cars it will be a help full and reduce environment problems The economic approach It will raise the economic of the country Opening a new source of foreign currency through export and Attracting direct investments from international companies The Educational Institute Will Contain A Workshps Which will help the students train their skills and maybe in the future produce a car brand

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PROJECT SELECTION

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3.3 PROJECT SCOPE

3.3.8 Targeted Groups :

Youth 17-25

Investors

With the knowledge they can help the youth to learn more about this industries.

They will be taking a 2 year minor in the institute.

Attracting investors to invest in the industry to make it spread widely .

Also they can send teaching staff for the institute.

3.3.7 Targeted Groups :

Local investors

Local investors are very important category to achieve this project goals by marketing the product and spot lights on it to achieve its sales

Local resident

Local workers and resident includes adults or eldest men's and the institute will be easily accessible and will be allowable for them and for the society members

Conclusion :

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Adults 25-40

The will major in automotive industry in 3-5 years.

Each of these fields or majors has its positives and negatives , the most important negative feature is that most of them have to be specific on one or two areas in cars .

You‘ll not be able to create a car branding from one of those majors because they are not specified to do that or to teach the student that .

The aim of this project is to reach a bigger goal which is car branding so the best major to create an institute for is the automotive design since it contains branding courses and design While having the more automotive technical important information.

The automotive design is the most conclusive of all three majors to car industry which is why it‘s our major of choice for the institute.

And hopefully in the long run an Egyptian car brand from A to Z.

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04

DESIGN ISSUES

THIS CHAPTER ILLUSTRATES AND EXPRESSES THE CONNECTION BETWEEN THIS PROJECT AND THE SURROUNDING CONTEXT AND TO BE PART OF IT. IT TAKES AN IMPORTANT ROLE AS WELL TO LET PEOPLE COMMINICATE MORE WITH THE PROJECT.

DESIGN ISSUES

04 CHAPTER

4.1 Circulation Linear

4.1.1 General Definition : An act or instance of motion, movement or flowing in a circle or a circuit. It is the movement or transfer of something from place to place or person to person 4.1.2 Architectural Definition :

CurvilinearSegmented

Loop

Spiral

Radial Interaction Paths

Grid

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In architecture, circulation refers to the manner in which people travel and communicate with a structure . Circulation is of great significance in public building s; such as elevators, escalators, and staircases are sometimes referred to as circulation components, because they are placed and built to facilitate people' s movement through a building.

Path with branches

Radom Fig. (4.1.1.1) (G. Muthu Shoba Mohan,2015)

4.1.3 Types Of Circulation & Direction : Vertical circulation It's how people move up and down the building, including items like stairs, lifts, ramps, ladders and escalators that allow us to move from one level to the next. Fig. (4.1.3.1) Stairs • Stairs are not appropriate for special needs • individuals.

• It uses multi-story buildings to hit

Fig. (4.1.3.1) stairs (Author,2020)

Elevators • • • •

Used in high elevation buildings.

Suitable for Special Needs People.

It makes movement quick.

Outside elevator used to connect the user with exterior spaces.

Vertical Circulation Fig. (4.1.3.2) elevators (Author,2020)

Fig. (4.1.3.3) elevators (Author,2020)

Horizontal Circulation

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4.1 Circulation Escalators • Not suitable for People with special needs.

• It use to reach multi story building .

• Used in malls, metro and hyper markets.

Ramps • • •

Used for People with special needs.

Move people from one floor to another .

Used in malls, museum and entrances.

Fig. (4.1.3.4) Escalators(shutterstock) (Author,2020)

• Used by People

• Used by Vehicles

Applications • Stairs are used as a primary vertical movement in all buildings.

• Escalators are used in large spaces and all the more than 10 floors of towers.

• Ramps and elevators are used by people with disabilities, and must be in the scheme.

Fig. (4.1.3.5)Ramps for vehicles(Masterfile) (Author,2020)

Case Study Torre David - Informal Vertical Communities Exhibition, built in (2013, June 18).

This is an example of a case study shows the different types of architectural circulation: • Horizontal Circulation Here in this Exhibition is shown via Corridors that connect zones to gather in the building.

• Vertical circulation Stairs, Ramps, and Elevators are examples of vertical circulation in the Exhibition.

Horizontal Circulation

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Types Of Ramps

Vertical Circulation

Fig. (4.1.3.7) Torre David - Informal Vertical Communities Exhibition (Ramps)Archdaily,2013)Edited by (Author 2020).

Fig. (4.1.3.6) Torre David - Informal Vertical Communities Exhibition(Circulation Case study)(Archdaily,2013) Edited by (Author 2020).

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DESIGN ISSUES

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4.1 Circulation Parking It means leaving vehicles in a convenient place until required.

Types of parking: • Vertical .

• Horizontal .

Applications

Fig. (4.1.3.9) Outside Horizontal Parking

Fig (4.1.3.11) Architecture plans(Author,2020)

Case Study Allentown new downtown parking garage.

Fig. (4.1.3.10) Inside Horizontal Parking

Fig (4.1.3.12) Akshaya Homes (Author,2020)

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Fig. (4.1.3.8) Vertical Parking

This is a case study shows Parking as a design issue ( Circulation).

Floor Plan

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DESIGN ISSUES

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4.1 Circulation Horizontal circulation May include halls, atria, passageways, entrances and exits. It is also influenced by the arrangement of furniture, or other items in space such as columns, tree, or changes in topography. This is why architects usually use furniture as part of a concept design, as it is critically linked to the space's flow, function and feel.

4.1.4 Types of paths :

(Fig. 4.1.3.11), Circulation in Boston City Hall , (Authors, 2020).

• •

The dignity of every space in the preserve The configuration of the path is flexible mediating space can be used to link the path with the spaces Fig. (4.1.4.1)pass by space(Archdaily) (Author,2020)

Pass Through Spaces • The Path can traverse axially, obliquely or along its edge • The path produces a pattern of rest and movement in it while cutting through a space

Fig. (4.1.4.2 )pass through space(Archdaily) (Author,2020)

Terminate In A Space • The location of the space establishes the path • This relationship between path and space serves to approach and enter functionally or symbolic ally essential spaces

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Paths may be related to the spaces they link in a number of ways Pass by spaces

Fig. (4.1.4.3 ) Terminate In A Space(Archdaily) (Author,2020)

Conclusion The main purpose of giving an example or case study is to show the two types of integrated Circulation as a design issue and how it is effecting the building as well as conjoined within the space to make user circulation easier.

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DESIGN ISSUES

04 CHAPTER

4.2 Flexibility 4.2.1 General Definition :

Flexibility is known as the range of motion of your joints, or the free mobility of your joints.

This also applies to your muscle strength, which helps you to travel freely across the joints.

4.2.2 Architectural Definition :

Fig (4.2.1.1) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015)

Type A The 41sqm standard format. The ' rain; zone separates the living room and the bedroom facing the courtyards

Type B For residents who prefer a longer lawn , motions to the side of the house can be saved

Type C two story house Relocate some panels on the roofs and add a small module on the rear of the staircase.

Stacking house Disable 4 no ground floor panels for apart ment configurations.

Importance of flexibility Refers to a building's capacity to the constantly adjust its design of space and even its architecture needs...all in all, however, they have turned it into a style away from the original ambition: make flexibility an actual functional principle changes his or her needs or so on and change without affecting the building's shape.

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Refers to a building's capacity to the constantly adjust its design of space and even its architecture needs and the ability of a building to adapt its spatial design and function continuously to changing needs. As well as the possibility of to move the components found in your zone.

Fig (4.2.1.2) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015)

• The possibility of to move the components found in your zone. • Refers to the ability of a building to adapt its spatial design and function continuously to changing needs. Data and analytics may actually provide a better understanding and prediction of the built environment.

Fig (4.2.1.3) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015)

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DESIGN ISSUES

04 CHAPTER

4.2 Flexibility Examples for different types of flexibility: • Adaptability • Transferability • Convertibility Flexibility is defined within three types:

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Adaptability different elements, such as users or climate, can be modified in response to external stimuli

Transformability (Including two sub-sets – mobile and responsive): buildings – in a fixed location – which can alter their form, configuration and property, for a requirement or purpose

Convertibility It involves changing the building's purpose through a certain amount of building work.

Convertibility preparation during the design phase,

volume flexibility It‘s the capacity to change the volume of production. After the update time, we measure it by the fraction of total unit cost.

Space versatility It refers to a building's ability to constantly adjust its design of space and even its architecture to changing needs.

And semi-automation may help adapt the layout of space in almost real time while maximizing the comfort and space efficiency of users.

Can use it in building by little changing in design lighting furniture ..etc. to make it different and suitable for various time and uses

Fig (4.2.1.4) volume flexibility(Pinterest, 2015) The Hub

the Circuit

Fig (4.2.1.5) Furniture flexibility (Pinterest, 2018)

Conclusion Flexibility is an excellent way to increase the buildings ' longevity and reduce waste. In project, we will use versatility in integrating various spaces such as multi-purpose hall for exhibits and outdoor activities such as this type of project can be held in the same location as the site can be used for multiple functions

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DESIGN ISSUES 4.3 Image

04 CHAPTER

4.3.1 General Definition : An image is a visual representation of something.

A physical articulation of an individual, or an issue, captured, painted, designed, or made visible 4.3.2 Architectural Definition :

Fig. ( 4.3.1.1) city image (google , 2019).

4.3.3 Centralized The focal station at the center of the specific course of action with associated station around it gives a visual impression of the blast and vitality detonate directly from the center .

Fig. ( 4.3.3.1) Centralized image sketch (Authors , 2019).

4.3.4 Distributed

The focal station with grouped station having center station originating from the focal point of the example look like visual order

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As an architectural perspective, Building, masses or spaces take their own shapes or form a crystallize itself forming an identity or a character, with its own features. Masses that can blend and stand out at the same time. The building‘s exterior and interior are separated, in addition to the planning, settings and materials that powerfully impact recognitions, spatial encounters, and flow inside and around it.

Fig. (4.3.4.1) Distributed image sketch (Authors , 2019).

4.3.5 Not centralized/ connected The interconnected station making a system structure giving the visual impression of intelligibility and agreement all through the visual material.

Fig. (4.3.5.1) Not centeralized image sketch (Authors , 2019).

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DESIGN ISSUES

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4.3 Image

The linear shapes and the regular geometric shapes give the feeling of stability visually. It features the system and order as well as the observer's visual balance.

Fig. (4.3.3.4) Waterfall house (Pinterest, 2015).

Fig. (4.3.3.3) Wainwright building(Pinterest, 2016).

Fig. (4.3.3.5) Auditorium building (Archdaily, 2016).

Falling water is one of Wright's most popular works and best exemplifies his organic architecture philosophy: the harmonious union of art and nature. From the buildings with an identity due to their deep harmony and geometry.

3.3.6 Irregular geometrical shapes The irregular geometric shapes enhance the picture on an esthetic level of the house.

Fig (3.3.6.1) Irregular geometrical shapes

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Fig. ( 4.3.3.2) Millard house (Pinterest, 2016).

Fig (3.3.6.1) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015)

Conclusion The form and shape of the Architecture looks like the personality and culture of the space so it is directly proportional to the qualities of the environment. Or on the other hand, compared to purely creativity ignoring the surrounding environment, the building has its own personality that looks just like it self

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DESIGN ISSUES

04 CHAPTER

4.4 Safety 4.4.1 General Definition : The word "SAFETY" is considered to be safe against what causes threat, risk or injury.

4.4.2 Architectural Definition : Buildings are legally bound to comply with certain codes and regulations that set minimum safety requirements. These codes are important because they not only help to protect us from disasters, but because we all rely on them to keep us safe from a variety of threats.

4.4.3 Plan For Fire Protection : Planning for building fire protection requires a system approach that allows the builder to consider all elements of the structure as a complete package for building fire safety systems.

Fire Escape: A fire escape is a special form of emergency exit, typically placed outside the Fig (4.4.3.1)Exit Plan, ediited by( author 2020). building or sometimes inside the building but isolated from the main areas of the building. This offers a means of escape in the event of a fire or other emergency that renders the stairwells inside the building unavailable. Fire escapes are most often found in multi-story residential structures, such as apartment buildings.

Evacuation Process : The evacuation process is dependent on the performance of the exits. This refers to how well the exits enable speedy evacuations by facilitating the efficient flow of people. It is influenced by a number of factors related to the characteristics of both the building and the building occupants. Fig (4.4.3.2)Fire Escape Stairs, edited by (author 2020).

These can be summarized as: • People flow rate.

• Door dimensions.

• Visibility of the exits.

• Door condition (open or closed).

• Building geometry.

Fig (4.4.3.3)Fire Escape Essentials, • Obstacles on the way to exits (furniture, columns, etc.). edited by (author 2020).

• Circulation routes.

• Signage.

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Safety have an impact on the client's impression on how important safety is to the place that he enters and make him move comfortably and safely inside the building , building that are designed according to safety codes and considerations could save lives in disasters.

Conclusion Safety is intended to evacuate the building's population in an emergency, fire protection, professional safety or safety for the outside environment.

Fig (4.4.3.4)Fire Protection, Pinterest 2020).

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04 CHAPTER

4.5 Mood 4.5.1 General Definition : a transitional mood or sensation and a traditional emotional voice or attitude.

4.5.2 Architectural Definition :

Having the building material, lighting, ventilation, and storage can affect the actions and the physical well-being of the occupants. The project will impact the workforce at the educational facility. The importance of the occupants and employee productivity and services can be valued while reducing the risk of impediment.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Mood may have an impact on the client's atmosphere for specific activities or events inside or outside the space.

4.5.3 Mood Aspects Are : Psychological Aspects : • Natural lighting.

• Artificial lighting.

• Colors.

• Ceiling height.

• Window views.

Physical Aspects : • Space form.

• Space scale.

• Materials used in a space.

• Building maintenance.

• Façade.

4.5.4 Psychological Aspects : Natural Lighting: Window is extremely necessary for a successful positive human response. Public spaces and homes should provide natural light and a view of the outside. So much time spent indoors, the most reasonable thing we can do for the human body is to provide it with a space that allows for the most access to the rays of the sun.

This can contribute to improved productivity for the inhabitants and a happier mood. Students do best with plenty of light and when the body has access to the sunshine it needs during the day.

• •

Fig (4.5.4.1) Natural Lighting , arch daily 2016).

Diffused light Direct light

Fig (4.5.4.2) Natural Lighting , edited by ( author 2020).

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DESIGN ISSUES

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4.5 Mood Artificial Lighting: The way a building is lit often affects feelings and emotions; for example, bright lights reinforce the way we feel in both a positive and negative way. lighting hue too.

Blue tinges will make us feel more enthusiastic and alert, enabling tasks to be done faster and more accurately, even after exposure to such a color.

Fig (4.5.4.3)artificial lighting, edited by( author 2020).

Light on the walls and ceiling highlights a building's spaciousness, while a lower light level, accentuated by darker light-free areas, invokes privacy and intimacy.

Ceiling lights should be applied in the educational institute as shown in the following fig Also the lights in the institute should have a blue hue and positioned mostly above the eye level for a level of formality and functionality.

Colors:

Fig (4.5.4.4)Artificial lighting, edited by(author 2020).

Color associations provide a lot of meaning in terms of mood. How color is used-a dominant color versus accent-and other surrounding colors can have a major effect.

Design techniques such as tinting, color, saturation, and contrast often make a significant difference.

Mood is also specifically correlated with the warmth or coolness of colors.

Warm colors are calming and creative but may feel chaotic or stressful (red, yellow, orange) Cool colors are welcoming and professional but may feel unfriendly or intense (blue, green, purple).

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Even the lighting position and direction help to evoke a feeling or mood. Lighting above the level of the eye will generate a more formal setting, while a location below the level of the eye reduces the formality and provides an individual sense of importance.

Fig (4.5.4.5)Color wheel, (Pinterest 2020).

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DESIGN ISSUES

04 CHAPTER

4.5 Mood Ceiling Height: the distance between a person and the highest point of a room can have a huge impact on the thoughts and actions of someone. Higher ceilings like those in art studios can promote open, abstract thought processes, while lower ceilings allow for a more realistic, focused view of things. In places like the Opera.

Fig (4.5.4.6) describe how the ceiling effect on a person. (archdaliy , 2018)

4.5.5 Physical Aspects : Space Form: people prefer symmetric shapes, as they contain less information than asymmetric shapes . the subject of symmetry, there is now evidence that angular hexagons are less pleasing than round circles . people with low expertize in the fields of design prefer curved over angular shapes when they are simple (circles and hexagons) while experts show such curved versus sharp preference bias for the more complex Fig (4.5.4.8)space forms , polygons.

fig(4.5.4.7) outside enviroment view (dissolve, 2019)

INSTITUTE OF BODY SHAPE DESIGN

Window Views: classroom, office or local library. What's on the outside will have a huge effect on how overwhelmed one is . If it's lush greenery like fields, trees, and bushes, there is a better chance of concentrating on the job at hand, whether it's performing experimental research, or getting lost in a good book. Studies have shown far from the distraction , views of natural settings actually help to enhance a person's attention.

When the building is overlooking skyscrapers or industrial building with little to no natural elements can be overwhelming and uncomfortable for the occupants of the building which can lead to less productivity .

edited by (author 2020).

knocking down walls to create a more open environment, eliminating unnecessary clutter will make a room feel less crowded.

Some homes and offices use the strategic placement of large mirrors to build the impression of profundity.

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4.5 Mood Space Scale the greatest impacts that architecture can have on mood is whether there is enough space available in a structure and whether the layout is well planned. A crowded space, even with the best of designs, can make a person feel burdened. People need a comfortable room and layout, and furnishings that are well distributed. This build better flow, more efficiency, interaction between humans .

Furniture and materiality can really enhance the overall experience of space.

Survey respondents feel more connected to nature at work through the use of natural materials such as wood, stone and plants that directly impact employee well-being. Employees also feel connected to the brand of their company, influencing their sense of belonging.

Fig (4.5.4.9) different scale & form of space (design.epfl.ch , 2011)

Faรงade A building's exterior also plays a role in Influencing the emotional responses. Down at the most basic level, how a building looks can have a psychological impact; if it looks good it probably will make us happier. Conversely, a building which is badly built would have the opposite effect. And it can go deeper than that. A dynamic faรงade is likely to be appreciated, but some may find something comparatively monotonous extremely detrimental.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Materials Used In A Space

Fig (4.5.4.12)sky

Fig (4.5.4.11)modern A skyscraper or a block of flats, could well scrapper, (Pinterest villa, (Pinterest 2020). trigger stress.. It was noticed that the 2020). commuters rushed past areas where monolithic. In contrast, something more relaxing, with a more modern, elegant style, may have a more positive effect on our mood.

Conclusion Applying the project area's atmosphere to achieve the location's acceptable meaning and personality. To reflect the unity of position and design, add the visual elements, decorations, colors, form and proportions together to give the mood of the surrounding area.

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DESIGN ISSUES 4.5 Mood

04 CHAPTER

4.5.6 Examples: A-Bisate Lodge , Africa (Mood: Nature Inspired)

Project target is for occupants to feel relaxed and close to nature and help them unwind. Due to the design of the construction, all the structures had to undergo prototype creation in Cape Town, South Africa, to be disassembled and reassembled on construction in Rwanda. Owing to remote location, all systems and infrastructure are fully integrated and offgrid. In conclusion Bisate blends new and sustainable building methods, high-quality luxury and cultural thoughtfulness.

Fig (4.5.6.2) Bisate Lodge (Arch 2o, 2018)

Fig (4.5.6.3) Bisate Lodge (Arch 2o, 2018)

B-Advanced Energy Center (Mood: Contemporary)

Fig (4.5.6.4) Energy Center (Arch 2o, 2010)

Mood of the project is contemporary and industrial . the Advanced Energy Center was certified LEED Platinum. In keeping with the highly technical nature of the system, the Advanced Energy Center uses a range of renewable technologies and techniques. Which include polycrystalline photovoltaic panels, solar tubes, rainwater cisterns, energy recycling systems, thermal storage tanks, solar hot water heaters, high-bay heater floors and cooling beams for latent cooling in office spaces.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Fig (4.5.6.1) Bisate Lodge (Arch 2o, 2018)

Fig (4.5.6.5) Energy Center (Arch 2o, 2010)

Fig (4.5.6.6) Energy Center (Arch 2o, 2010)

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DESIGN ISSUES

04 CHAPTER

4.6 Comfort 4.6.1 General definition: Comfort is a state of being relaxed and chilled, it is a feeling of happiness with the surrounding area without being worried or stressed out.

One of the most important strategies to be used in our project is: Using a HVAC system that regulates MRT It is by far the main way to achieve thermal comfort for the vast majority of the occupants.

The metabolic rate, air velocity, vapor pressure, and the mean radiant temperature (MRT) is extremely important for the thermal comfort of humans. As a result, the use of an HVAC system that actually monitors and controls the operating temperature radiant variable goes a long way towards achieving thermal comfort. Installing a radiant cooling / heating system with a means to calculate and track the MRT is the best way to do this. Such systems are energetically more effective than all-air alternatives, as well as quieter and more spatially stable in addition to better controlling the thermal environment.

Fig (4.6.1) HVAC ,(archidaily ,2020).

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4.6.2 Architectural meaning: One of the most critical factors when constructing a building is to what degree it offers a comfortable atmosphere for its occupants. Comfort in the built environment is affected by a wide range of different factors that can contribute to low levels of comfort, discomfort or even damage and ill health for occupants if not handled properly. The principle of comfort relates directly to the development of physical and mental wellbeing spaces. It refers, in architectural terms, to ambient qualities such as noise level and temperature (and other variables that are more abstract, such as sense of safety).

4.6.3 Comfort aspects are: • Personal factors • Health and wellbeing.

• Thermal comfort.

• Indoor air quality.

• Visual comfort.

• Noise nuisance.

• Ergonomics.

Fig (4.6.2) comfort aspects, (author, 2020).

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DESIGN ISSUES

04 CHAPTER

4.6 Comfort

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Personal factor: Personal factors that can affect the level comfort in a building include: • Age. • Gender.

• Level of health.

• Clothing worn.

• Type of activity and level of intensity.

• Access to food and drink.

• Acclimatization.

• Psychological state.

Fig (4.6.3.2) personal comfort, june 9 2020).

For example, older people tend to feel the cold more than younger people.

Health and wellbeing: Comfort is closely related to wellbeing, which was defined by Dodge et al (2012) as ‗…when individuals have the psychological, social and physical resources they need to meet a particular psychological, social and/or physical challenge‘.

Wellbeing incorporates other factors such as employment and relationship status, rather than just physical comfort within an environment.

Fig (4.6.3.3) health and wellbeing factors, (June 29, 2018).

Thermal comfort: Thermal comfort is described in BS EN ISO 7730 as ' ... the state of mind that communicates satisfaction with the thermal climate, ' i.e. the condition that someone does not feel either too hot or too cold.

Fig (4.6.3.4) thermal comfort passive cooling diagram,

There have been several studies to find out what has (author, 2020) an effect on our thermal environment sensation (Fanger, 1970). Six parameters have a major impact on the thermal comfort sensation: • A person's activity, usually called metabolic rate [met] • How much clothing a person wears • The movement of air (air velocity) [m/s] • The mean temperature radiant [° C] • The air temperature [°C] in the room Fig (4.6.3.4) thermal comfort factors diagram, (author, • The relative humidity in the room 2020)

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DESIGN ISSUES 4.6 Comfort

04 CHAPTER

Indoor air quality: Human health may also be influenced by the efficiency of the building's ventilation. Ventilation is important in buildings to eliminate ' cold ' air and substitute it with ' new ' air, as well as to avoid overheating.

Fig (4.6.3.5) indoor air quality, edited by (author, 2020).

Noise nuisance: The volume and nature of noise in a building may also have a detrimental impact on comfort. Noise disruption is unwanted noise or interference that may negatively impact health or quality of life, e.g. being able to listen through the walls to the inhabitants of a nearby building.

Fig (4.6.3.6) visual comfort, (pintrest, 2020).

Fig (4.6.3.7) noise nuisance, edited by (author, 2020).

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Visual comfort : VISUAL COMFORT is a spontaneous response to the quantity and intensity of light inside a specified space at a given moment. The definition of VISUAL COMFORT relies on our ability to regulate the rates of light surrounding us. Too little and too much light may cause visual discomfort.

Perhaps as significant, variations in light conditions or extreme contrast may induce discomfort and exhaustion, because the human eye becomes constantly bound to it.

Ergonomics: Ergonomics applies in particular to the design of workplaces, products and processes that suit those that use them best. Efficient ergonomics seeks to apply learning about human strengths and weaknesses to enhance interaction with environment and products, and to eliminate or reduce the risk of disease or injury.

Fig (4.6.3.8) efficient ergonomics, edited by (author, 2020).

CONCLUSION To sum up, comfort aspects must be applied in the design to insure humans satisfaction, predictability and safety.

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DESIGN ISSUES 4.7 Security

04 CHAPTER

4.7.1 General Definition : Security is protection from, or resistance to, perceived damage (or any undesirable harmful change) induced by others.

4.7.2 Architectural Definition Security architecture is a coherent design of protection that addresses the needs and potential risks involved in a given scenario or environment. It also determines when and where safety measures should be implemented.

• Determining Requirements.

Security concerns need to be defined early in the design and problem-defining stage of the project.

The design team will examine how the area or building can be used for the specified purpose.

• Knowing the Technology.

Rapid and significant developments in security system technology make it a challenge to keep up to date. Most building projects, including those that may be considered normal, would require an architect's services that are competent in safety standards and applications.

• Understanding the Implications.

Designs need to combine the complex and at times contradictory safety and security objectives.

The propensity to want the undesirables to be locked out may create significant safety drawbacks in circumstances requiring fast and unhindered egress.

4.7.3 Types of security level • Low level of security.

• Medium level of security.

• High level of security.

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The architect is the secret to opening up the inherent possibilities in the crime prevention through environmental design approach (CPTED) , architect must be professional in three areas:

Fig (4.7.3.1) three types of security levels, edited by (author, 2020).

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04 CHAPTER

4.7 Security Low level of security Often this form of security relies only on walls, but not everywhere, and is the least level of protection and its use in public spaces.

Applications: • Playing area.

• Open spaces.

• Play ground.

• Plazas.

Fig (4.7.3.2) open space, New York (pulsd, 2018).

This type of security depends only on circulations that mark entrances and exits to monitor user access and use in most buildings and spaces.

Applications: • MPU Hall.

• Markets.

• Training center.

• Workshops.

High level of security

Fig (4.7.3.3) workshops/markets steer roll door, (pintrest, 2019).

This form depends on the cameras, alarms and security guards for observation. This system is used in places where full control and privacy are required, and in buildings with valuable objects such as statues or antiques.

Applications: • Exhibitions.

• Airports.

• Museum.

• Jails.

Fig (4.7.3.4) maximum security, (the jornal record, 2018).

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Medium level of security

4.7.4 Security methods • • • • • •

Fingerprint Security .

Eye print Security.

Electronic gates Network Security Cameras for security.

Surveillance cameras

Fig (4.7.3.5) three types of security methods, edited by (author, 2020).

Conclusion Security means the entire project for people inside is secured and protected. Using hightech computer data to create user-friendly environments.

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DESIGN ISSUES 4.8 Interaction

04 CHAPTER

4.8.1 General Definition It‘s communication or direct involvement with someone or something, action which is influenced by other actions. (yourdictionary,2014) 4.8.2 Architectural Definition Fig. (4.8.1) level of Interaction (Yourdictionary,2014)

4.8.3 Levels Of Interactions Interaction between users and others Social interaction in sociology is a complex sequence of social acts between individuals (or groups) as shown in Fig. (4.8.3) who change their behavior and reactions because of acts by their interaction partner(s). We may distinguish social interactions into unintended, repeated, frequent and controlled interactions.

Fig. (4.8.2) Interaction (Mikael Wiberg,2015)

Interaction between users and space The behavior of people in built space, particularly their modes of interaction, is regulated by communication systems and these are influenced by the physical setting, by the social expectations we have in that setting, and by our attempts to define our roles in relation to others. (Toni Sachs Pfeiffer,1978)

Fig. (4.8.3) show interaction between users

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Architecture is the conventional, proven approach to our built environment design.

Architects have concentrated for hundreds of year s on designing our physical environments to creat e the frames for our lives. In so doing, architectur e has developed itself as the practice of working with the material and artificial aspects of our physical environment to benefit the social and cultural system. (Mikael Wiberg,2015) Fig. (4.8.2)

Interaction between people and surrounding context

Human-building engagement consists of providing people with engaging opportunities to influence the physical, spatial and social impacts of their built environment shown in Fig. (4.8.4) Fig. (4.8.4) show interaction between people and surrounding context(designboom,2015)

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04 CHAPTER

4.8.4 Applications A building is no longer isolated from its environment but built to blend into it, construct environments that assist in social interaction, and communicate with its users in a metaphorical way.

How to apply interaction on architectural design

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Such relationship takes place at various stages, and the complexity and scope of the communication vary in each.

Relation may be intrapersonal (within thyself), interpersonal (between two or more people) and essentially mass (between a individual or entity and the target audience).

Fig (4.8.4.1)sasakissaki project, University planning interaction building

4.8.5 Aspects:

Achieving the social interaction between people or surroundings or buildings by letting the building in a community with useful urban context to allow the easy access and circulation, create inside and outside spaces to fulfill the harmony.

Fig (4.8.5.1) Social Interaction (Abitare, 2011)

Fig (4.8.5.2) Social Interaction (WLA, 2017) Fig (4.8.5.3) Social Interaction (jacksonchoi, 2011)

Conclusion In our project, we can use non-verbal interaction by using signs to make it easy for people to find their way, especially in large spaces such as the maps used in the metro to explain the route for the passengers.

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05

Case Studies

CASE STUDIES OF EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS REGARDS TO AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY SHOWS SEVERAL SOLUTIONS TO GET AN EFEECTIVE ZONING, CIRCULATION, PLANS, AND FUCTIONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN INDOOR SPACES AND OUTDOOR.

CASE STUDIES

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines

INTRODUCTION The Mantois Technology Center is a new learning and development center for science and technology departments at the University Versailles de St Quentin in Yvelines, near Paris. It was designed by Badia Berger Architects for students and academics working in fields such as car design, home automation and mobility technology.

5.1.1 History Of The Building:

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July 22, 1991, the official birth certificate of the University of Versailles-Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines is signed.

Dominique Gentile was developing the mechatronics sector of Isty (Institut des Sciences et Techniques des Yvelines) to meet the needs expressed by industrialists in the region by creating the Mantois technological center (2003):" We then chose the mode of learning. We were a bit of a pioneer in terms of professional training. " (Fig 5.1.1.1) Mantois Technology Centre , (Archdaily, 2014)

Badia Berger Architectes

Yvelines, France Year:2013

Built Over: 5085.0 M² (Fig 5.1.1.2) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020)

5.1.2 Aim & Objectives Of the Project: • Developing the mechatronics sector of ISTY(Institut des Sciences et Techniques des Yvelines) to meet the needs expressed by industrialists in the region.

• Creating a new structure focused on "mechatronics" and its fields of expertise: automotive, home automation and reduced mobility.

• Capacity to host 1500 students.

• Create an environment brings together students and researchers from different fields.

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines 5.1.3 Project Concept : Creating an irregular shape of the horizontal volume contrasts with the vertical volume This strong visual element placed on the corner since the site is on the corner of the street they wanted to make a landmark and create a provocative visual aspect to the passers.

Building Form 3D

(Fig 5.1.3.2) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020)

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(Fig 5.1.3.1) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.1.3.3) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.1.3.4) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.1.3.5) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020)

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05 CHAPTER

5.1.4 Project Components : The Basement Floor Offices Double Height

WC& Services Units Cafeteria With Services Terrace

(Fig 5.1.4.1) basement floor plan , (Author, 2020)

*Contains mainly all needed services and staff offices. Ramp to parking areas This floor can only be entered through parking area and vertical circulation (stairs, elevators) The grey areas are the double height areas for example theatre and workshops which can only be entered through the ground floor.

The Ground Floor Backstage Area Amphitheater Offices

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Staircases & Elevators Corridor

Corridor Staircases & Elevators Workshop Administration / Multimedia Room / Exhibition Gallery WC& Services Units

(Fig 5.1.4.2) ground floor plan , (Author, 2020)

* Contains all important services and theatre, workshops , administration ,. Offices This plan has the main entrance to the building as shown by the landscape and the arrow.

The sharp corner of the plan has the backstage area since the space has a unique shape.

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines 5.1.4 Project Components :

The Second Floor Offices Conference Hall Staircases & Elevators Corridor

*contains mainly cafeteria and socialization areas, conference room. .

(Fig 5.1.4.3) second floor plan , (Author, 2020)

The Third Floor

(Fig 5.1.4.4) Third floor plan , (Author, 2020)

The Fourth Floor

(Fig 5.1.4.5) Fourth floor plan , (Author, 2020)

Class Rooms

Class Rooms

Corridor

Corridor

Staircases & Elevators

Staircases & Elevators

WC & Services unites The Fifth Floor

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WC& Services Units Cafeteria With Services Terrace

WC & Services unites *Contains mainly class rooms and toilets, vertical circulation. The classes are all around all facades in the plan.

Offices Cafeteria Staircases & Elevators Corridor (Fig 5.1.4.6) Fifth floor plan , (Author, 2020)

WC& Services Units

*contains mainly teachers offices and small cafeteria , toilets.

The offices are on all facades again just like the classes with a joined in the middle cafeteria.

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines 5.1.5 Project Accessibility & Surroundings :

The main factor of picking the site location is the availability of equipment and stores related to the automotive institute , the site location is relative to the needs and the market of the people living around the site. In order to have two way benefits for the community and the institute . Also since the place contains those stores and equipment it will add publicity to the institute ; because they are all related to the same topic

Keep Cool - Salle de Sport Ă Mantes La Ville

Natur House

Le Salengro

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(Fig 5.1.5.1) project surrounding , (google maps edited by author ,2020)

ALDI market Chiken Time La Bonne FournĂŠe Nbf Chicken Time Destock Pieces Auto Mantes Atout Location Mantes La Ville

Secondary Roads (Circulation)

Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines

05 CHAPTER

5.1.6 Project Circulation : On The Ground Floor, the reception is enlivened by views of the CDI, the multimedia room and the exhibition gallery which turns over onto the forecourt. On the corner of the square and the boulevard, the volume of the amphitheater is present and is flush with the facade of the entrance. The Sulzer hall is visible from the reception area as well as from all the routes that users of the building practice.

Indoor Circulation Corridors & Lobbies Corridors & Lobbies Building Entrance

(Fig 5.1.6.1) ground floor plan , (Author, 2020)

On The Second Floor, the cafeteria and the student living spaces in transition open onto the terrace on the square and on the city. Above, the teaching platforms and offices articulated in overhang, dominate the whole. They are distributed simply, served by stairs and circulation which benefit from natural light.

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The Ground Floor

The Second Floor Indoor Circulation Corridors & Lobbies

Corridors & Lobbies

(Fig 5.1.6.2) second floor plan , (Author, 2020)

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines 5.1.7 Project Elevations :

(Fig 5.1.7.1) Elevation,(Author, 2020)

Curtain Wall

Irregular Openings

(Fig 5.1.7.2) north east faรงade ,(Author, 2020)

the timber profiles create a vertical dynamic

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The building creates an angle that acts as a focal point which offers a vertical view of the site-the building's faรงade contributes to creating a lively public space with a high degree of visibility and a balcony accessible to the valley below, creating a belvedere.

The mineral-like consistency and irregular openings of the horizontal volume contrast with the vertical volume suspended above the balcony, the faรงade of which is lined with long, thin wooden profiles. The strong visual feature on the corner stands for the square's fringe.

the horizontal element clad in selflevelling concrete addresses the horizontality.

Longitudinal Timber Profiles

Use Of Ramps

(Fig 5.1.7.3) south east faรงade ,(Author, 2020)

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines 5.1.8 Project Sections : Volume Definition

Teachers Offices

Class Rooms Socialization Areas

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Workshop

(Fig 5.1.8.1) section of the building ,(Author, 2020)

Section (A-A) shows Double Height Entrance & Outdoor Stairs.

Teachers Offices

Class Rooms

Services Area

Amphitheater

(Fig 5.1.8.2) section of the building ,(Author, 2020)

Section (B-B) Shows Amphitheater & Outdoor Service Court

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines 5.1.9 Project Program & Layout :

Socialization Facilities: • • • •

Dining hall/cafeteria and the canteen Conference hall with a capacity of 600 persons Amphitheater and it‘s backstage.

Workspaces.

(Fig 5.1.9.2) terrace ,(archdaily, 2014)

(Fig 5.1.9.1) Layout,(Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.1.9.3) conference hall,(archdaily, 2014)

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• The functional layout of the building consists of three entrance areas .

• It‘s a building located on a sharp corner which makes it unique.

• It contains a ramp for cars entrance and exits .

• Doesn‘t contain a lot of landscape area most the land area used as a built up area .

• It represents contemporary architecture.

Educational Facilities: It will be taught at workshops, which require spacious areas.

Particularly the workshops for Machines , Metal and Motor Vehicles Technologies additionally require special features for placement of specific tools and machines.

(Fig 5.1.9.4) workshop,(archdaily , 2014)

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines 5.1.10 Design issues :

1.

Circulation

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All the building floors are not the same form and shape , it can be confusing to get used to the building plan and know where every room is.

So the vertical circulation and the horizontal circulation can be confusing.

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION The main corridors is different in the ground floor , second floor , And the typical floor plan.

The typical floor plan the circulation corridor gets easier to understand and to move in.

While in the second floor gets more confusing , spaces changing , walls not straight .

The ground floor plan is the most confusing of them all .

VERTICAL CIRCULATION The longest stairs in plan is the most straight forward one to understand and use .

Other two stairs are too far from entrance hard to find and needs to have signs to reach.

2. Flexibility The building has the ability to constantly adjust its design of spaces and doesn‘t have a boring typical stamp of a plan , it‘s interesting and flexible in the terms of space distributing and space different forms.

3. Mood Contemporary architecture with pops of color to make it interesting & Using hints of metal.

(Fig 5.1.10.1) building plans,(author , 2020) Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation

(Fig7.1.1.1) workshop,(archdaily , 2014)

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5.1 Mantois Technology Centre In Yvelines 5.1.10 Design issues :

4. Comfort o o

lighting visual comfort

(Fig 5.1.10.1) workshop,(archdaily , 2014)

5. Interaction Embracing the different natural land levels and not making it all the same level by using ramps and paving when needed. Also to make this contemporary building a little bit more considering of nature surrounding the build.

(Fig 5.1.10.2) section (Archdailyr,2017)

5.1.11 CONCLUSION Twelve thousand squares. The campus is made up of science and technology learning and testing facilities, with a capacity for 1,500 students. This streamlined research framework brings together students and researchers from various fields, creating a specific dynamic focused on mechatronics and its areas of expertise: automotive, home automation and reduced mobility accompaniment.

The angle is the place that brings together and vertically stages the life of the equipment.

All the elements of the program likely to bring animation to the public space are therefore gathered there in contact with it, and expressed on the facade on three levels.

PROS

CONS

• The design is not too complicated .

• Eye provoking structure.

• Nice mix of materials on the face which makes it even more interesting.

• Natural lighting is ideal.

• Circulation is complicated in the sense that it’s easy to get lost.

• Hard to understand where the main entrance is since there are many.

• Not much soft scape in the main site .

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Moderate lighting In the areas of educational facilities for instance the workshop, classrooms, conference rooms. Clear light with no direct sun rays so it wouldn’t disturb the eye.

Use of sky lights in workshop for the natural ventilation and the natural light benefits.

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5.2 Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons INTRODUCTION

Melbourne's Docklands ' new Automobile Center of Excellence (ACE) accommodates a dedicated academy and exhibition center for Australia's automobile trades and manufacturing.

It was originally built to accommodates for 3000 students Duration of study for Students: 5 Years and they may start after high school immediately.

Lyons

Year: 1997

Built Over 5000.0 m² (Fig 5.2.1.1) Kangan Batman Institute ,(Author, 2020)

5.2.1 Historical Background: Kangan Institute was established as the Broadmeadows College of TAFE on 28 February 1986, when it was formally opened by Prime Minister Bob Hawke. It was originally built to cater for 3000 students at a cost of $13.5 million.It subsequently acquired a series of other campuses in its first decade, including at Avondale Heights, Essendon and Moreland.

In August 1995, the institution was renamed the Kangan Institute of TAFE in honour of Myer Kangan, the founder of the TAFE system in Australia.On 1 July 1997, it merged with the John Batman College of TAFE to form Kangan Batman TAFE.The merger resulted in the closure of the former John Batman TAFE's campus in Gaffney Street, Coburg, but the amalgamated body expanded again in 1998 when it absorbed the Richmond Automotive Campus of Barton TAFE after a major state government review. The Avondale Heights campus closed in 2005.

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Melbourne, Australia

(Fig 5.2.1.2) Kangan Batman Institute ,(Author, 2020)

The "Automotive Centre of Excellence" campus at Docklands initially opened in September 2006; the completion of the three-stage Docklands development in 2011 resulted in the closure of the remaining Coburg campus (Dawson Street).The organisation reverted to the "Kangan Institute" name in 2010, dropping the reference to "Batman" from the 1997 merger.

In 2014, it formally merged with Bendigo TAFE to form the Bendigo Kangan Institute.

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5.2 Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons

05 CHAPTER

5.2.2 Aim & Objectives Of the Project : Its become very famous and efficient Place due to its benefit in opining Broad meadows Essendon A health campus at Moonee Ponds A creative industries campus in Richmond Automotive Centre of Excellence in Docklands (Fig 5.2.2.1) Kangan Batman Institute court ,(Author, 2020)

Sustainability was a key driver, with the building and public realm gaining a 5 Star Green Star rating. A living (green) roof and water sensitive urban design treatments, a strong emphasis on recycled elements, low embodied energy and sustainable materials, and indigenous plantings all contribute to this excellence in environmental design.

(Fig 5.2.3.1) green roof ,(Author, 2020)

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5.2.3 Concept :

(Fig 5.2.3.2) green roof ,(Author, 2020)

The public realm integration anchors Kangan Institute within Melbourne‘s new urban extension of Docklands, with dynamic linkages into the campus core from surrounding precincts. A centralised courtyard provides student learning opportunities and passive relaxation, the living roof space for staff amenity while maximising environmental performance. Façade screening and stylised seating anchor the building, and durable pavements and timber decking allow for the demands of intensive student use.

(Fig 5.2.3.1) KBI open court,(Author, 2020)

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5.2 Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons

5.2.4 Project Components :

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(Fig 5.2.4.1) masterplan of KBI,(Author, 2020)

Administration

Storage

Entrance hall

Studios

Cores

Main Foyer

Workshops *The plan is designed by pure form of continued rectangles with foyer to make the movement more easier, it has a large space of workshop area which is designed to be near from stores and stairs to make the vertical circulation easy too

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5.2 Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons

5.2.5 Accessibility & Surrounding : Located centrally in the leafy business surroundings of Melbourne‘s north, our Essendon campus is ideal for those pursuing opportunities in small business, training and assessment, community services and criminal justice.

With a train station just up the road and easy access to the campus via the freeway, it‘s a lovely way to kick start your dream career.

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(Fig 5.2.5.1) project surrounding , (google maps edited by author ,2020)

Kangan Batman Institute Collins Square

Main Road (Circulation)

South Warf

Secondary Roads (Circulation)

Victorian police st

South Wharf / Wurundjeri Way

Batman institute

WEEB Bridge

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5.2 Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons

5.2.6 Solid & Void : 40% 60%

Solid

Void

(Fig 5.2.6.1) Solid & Void Chart, (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.2.6.2) Solid &Void ,(Author, 2020)

5.2.7 Circulation : The main foyer with its monumental staircase acts as the key circulation pathway through the building. Visitors experience a transition from traditional technical college materiality; raw blockwork, exposed steel and concrete to contemporary applications of carbon fibre and glass projection technology.

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The percentage of construction is fine in relation to the project land, it represents 2000 meters square, or 40%, which creates wide areas for various activities, and the void is 3000 meters or 60% which is fine for the landscape and parking area

(Fig 5.2.7.1) master plan of KBI, (Author, 2020)

Horizontal Circulation (Fig 5.2.7.2) main staircase, (Author, 2020)

Vertical Circulation

Building Entrance

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5.2 Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons

5.2.8 Project Elevation :

Workshop Zone Entrance hall Zone

The shed facade system incorporates automated louvres which enable the workshop spaces to be naturally ventilated. The offices and classroom spaces are cooled by an active thermal mass system. In combination with other environmental sustainable design features the building has achieved a 5-Star Green Star environmental rating.

Shaded Devices to Cover the Glazed Faรงade

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(Fig 5.2.8.1) building elevation, (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.2.8.2) building elevation, (Author, 2020)

Glazed Faรงade with Diagonal Aluminium Strips

The main staircase effected on the projection of elevation

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5.2 Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons active thermal mass system

5.2.9 Project Section :

05 CHAPTER

The offices and classroom spaces are cooled by an active thermal mass system.

In combination with other environmental sustainable design features

Workshop Zone

Administration

5.2.10 Project Layout :

1- Showing the building of project 2- Showing the streets of the project

4

3- Neighbour of the building

1

2

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(Fig 5.2.9.1) section of the building, (Author, 2020)

4- parking

(Fig 5.2.10.1) KBI layout, (Author, 2020)

3

Looked at the history of the Docklands to find a move that would encourage the building to contend with its high-rise neighbors – particularly the history of the ' huge shed, ' which is noticeable in the adjacent railway sheds.

The roof is a wide, clear gable that connects ACE to other industrial training sites located in Melbourne.

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05 CHAPTER

5.2.11 Project Target :

The vision The Kangan Institute is one of the largest and most respected sources of education and traini ng in Australia.

It offers a wide variety of classes from the En glish language programs to degrees, diplomas and specialize d diplomas that are globally accepted.

With more than 91 years of educational succe ss, over 28,000 students are trained in the main Docklands Au tomotive Centre campuses in Melbourne each year.

(Fig 5.2.11.3) KBI , (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.2.11.2) KBI , (Author, 2020)

The potentials Studying can be challenging. Issues at sc hool and in general have also a way to we igh you down. Realize this, and accept it.

That's why they offer a free counseling pr ogram to help you resolve these obstacles and get back on track with your Kangan education. Their services are private and confidential, with staff of seasoned and tr ained advisors Often available at All campuses  open face-to-face appointment  by phone and email

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(Fig 5.2.11.1) KBI , (Author, 2020)

The constraints Many challenges and difficulties you may be n eeding help include: adjusting to big adjustments such as research scheduleHandling fatigue and managing other obligations  Finding ways of calming Overcoming anxiet y Working out friendship and family issues Coping with loss of friends or encouraging in spiration  target achieving Stress reduction, depression

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05 CHAPTER

5.2.12 Design Issues : circulation: people's movement around, through and from buildings and other area of the built environment. traffic spaces inside buildings are areas primarily used for traffic, such as exits, foyers and lobbies, ramps, corridors .

Horizontal circulation: Horizontal circulation may involve, entrances , corridors and exits The arrangement of the furn iture which make it easy in accessibility or other items in the room, topographical chan ges, is often affected like using of ramps

(Fig 5.2.12.1) ground floor , (Author, 2020)

Flexibility: a building's ability to change its architectural configuration and even its con struction constantly to changing needs the form that makes the building showing dynamic shaping ,add and subtract and doesn‘t make the plan typical with different forms

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Vertical circulation: Vertical Circulation, as is of persons and object using 4 stairs with emergency exits with easy reach to it between interior spaces in buildings and entrances and exits stairs, as well its how people up and down in building

(Fig 5.2.12.2) elevation, (Author, 2020)

Comfort: This feature in architectural design, to cha nge characteristic such as using of glass for lighting and using open spaces for natural ventilation with use of lime colors to feel comfort and in wide space Natural lighting Visual comfort Quite area Bright colors.

(Fig 5.2.12.3) elevation, (Author, 2020)

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5.2 Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons

5.2.12 Design Issues : Interaction: Connecting architecture to green space to create con tinuous and friendly entertainment and engagement spaces to make the interact between the environment with its greenery to people

(Fig 5.2.12.4) layout, (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.2.12.5) KBT building, (Author, 2020)

Image: Architecture is about making images, and image prod uction is an important element in the arsenal of the architect to vi sualize .to show the full image of building..

(Fig 5.2.12.6) elevation , (Author, 2020)

Conclusion: Good facade with glass to show the transparency of the project ,using of glass and steel in structure made it cost effective ,, the using of different materials in the elevation make the building more dynamic, stair case with fire exits make it more secure

PROS 1-The building is environmental & natural ventilation . 2-Having an shed faรงade . 3-Good interaction between inside & outside

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Mood: Using of curtain walls of facade ,, quite and far away area to achieve quite and comfort Modesty. One such aspect is when architecture has a si lent space within its walls.

Beyond a peaceful environment, buildings focused on sensory enhancement can have a positive effect on mood.

cons Weak approach to entry Circulation wasn't clear enough Less using Not using of open areas for rest

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INTRODUCTION Its capacity of 720 students and various facilities including the dormitory, lodging places, sports hall and conference hall, the intense functional layout of the education building is designed as consisting of discrete parts with different elevations within an integrated whole. The layout of discrete blocks in the site plan is connected with a social artery to which facilities of different strata are articulated in the third dimension via a transparent gallery and a series of successive courtyards.

Bursa, Turkey

Year: 2008 (Fig 5.3.1.1) AEU, (Author, 2020)

Built Over 32000.0 m²

5.3.1 History Of The Building : It was founded in the beginning of 2016 under the title of Uludag Vehicle and Auxiliary Industry exporters ' Association (UTAYSIB), with 24 6 members and $163 million exports under the umbrella of the Uludag Exporters ' Association.

With the last four years ' export champion and Turkey's growing export market, the Automotive industry is second in Europe's manufacture of commercial vehicles.

(Fig 5.3.1.2) AEU, (Archdaily, 2012)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Oficina Asma Bahçeleri Houses

(Fig 5.3.1.3) AEU, (Archdaily, 2012)

5.3.2 Aim & Objectives Of the Project :

It was built with the aim to further increase its efficiency in the global fields in which it operates by educating students how to built, maintain, fix, and develop spare parts in Automotive Industry

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5.3.3 Project Concept : Program

The embraced design philosophy aims to accomplish strong relationship between function & form shown in cubical forms and shapes. Reassessed parts and extruded parts and composition that are clear in the attached Figures clarifies the harmony.

Split

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Volume

(Fig 5.3.3.1) AIEUT, (Archdaily, 2012) Form

(Fig 5.3.3.2) Gallery of Chappell Smith, 2012(Author,2020)

(Fig 5.3.3.5) AEU, (Author,2020)

(Fig 5.3.3.3) Gallery of Chappell Smith, (Author,2020)

(Fig 5.3.3.6) AEU, (Author,2020)

(Fig 5.3.3.4) Gallery of Chappell Smith, (Author,2020)

(Fig 5.3.3.7) AEU, (Author,2020)

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5.3.4 Project components : Basement floor 1 1. Class Room

6. Laboratory

2. WC

8. Services Units

3. Corridor

9. Administration

3A. Terrace 5. Library •

11. Dining Hall 12. Housing

Basement Floor Plan -3.50 meter

This basement plan has multiple of classrooms, dining halls, housing, and 3 terraces at the end of each mass as it‘s presented in blue color.

(Fig 5.3.4.1) basement floor plan , (Author,2020)

Basement floor 2 1. Class Room

9. Administration

2. WC

10. Conference Hall

3. Corridor

11. Entrance Hall

3A. Terrace 4. Teacher Room 6. Laboratory 8. Services Units •

This basement plan differs than the previous one in having the administration halls, conference hall, teacher room, and an Entrance hall.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

4.Teacher Room

Basement Floor Plan -7.00 meter (Fig 5.3.4.2) basement floor plan , (Author,2020)

Basement floor 3 1. `Workshop

6. Conference Hall

1A. Class Room

7. Sports Hall

2. Teacher Rooms

9. Technical Room

3.Service Units

10. Canteen

4. Corridor 5. WC •

Workshops appear here in this plan instead of classrooms, sports hall also is existed in this floor, Canteen, and other service zones such as; technical room and service units.

Basement Floor Plan -10.50 meter

(Fig 5.3.4.3) basement floor plan , (Author,2020)

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5.3.4 Project components : Basement floor 4 7. Sports Hall

1. Workshop 1A. Classroom

8. Kitchen

2. Teacher Room

9. Technical Room

3. Service units

5. WC 6. Conference Hall •

Basement Floor Plan -15.00 meter

Basement 4 plan has multiple of other workshops and classrooms.

(Fig 5.3.4.4) basement floor plan , (Author,2020)

Ground floor 1. Working Hall 2. Teacher Room 3. Lobby 4. Terrace

5. Housing

•

This plan presents working halls attached to terrace. In addition, housing.

Ground Floor Plan 0.00 meter

Typical floor

(Fig 5.3.4.5) ground floor plan , (Author,2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

4. Corridor

1A. Men‘s Bedroom 1B. Women‘s Bedroom 2. WC 3. Corridor

•

Typical floor plan shows students Accommodation as this plan is only specified for students sleep zone.

1,2,3 Typical Floor Plan +9.60 , +6.70 , +3.80 meter

(Fig 5.3.4.6) typical floor plan , (Author,2020)

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5.3.5 Project Accessibility & Surroundings : Context is not a design factor but specific components and design concepts converge to construct a building in context. As seen below, Automotive Industry Exporters Union Technical and Industrial High School is surrounded by Automotive Industries, Mechanical Engineering Institutes, Equipment Suppliers to benefit Our Site.

Ennfit club Girl Technical and Vocational High School

Metin Orman Ürünleri METDOOR Mosque

Ysl Automotive

Malhun Hatun Sorority

Leading market

HORIZONTAL pastry shops

Orhan Industrial Belt

Koçaslanlar Otomotiv - Renault Trucks - Bursa Plaza

Gar-Mak Mechanical Engineering Co. Ltd

Adelya Apartmants

Kabloset (Industrial Equipment Supplier)

Fly Furniture

Secondary Roads (Circulation)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

(Fig 5.3.5.1) project surrounding , (google maps edited by author ,2020)

Main Road (Circulation)

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5.3.6 Project Circulation :

The gallery serving as a social conduit takes advantage of a spatial dialogue, thus linking the gallery physically with outer courtyards.

(Fig 5.3.6.1) Indoor Gallery, (Author, 2020)

The size of circulation spaces can be calculated by such considerations as the type of usage, the number of people using them, the direction of movement, the flows and so on

(Fig 5.3.6.2) Indoor Gallery, (Author, 2020)

Indoor Circulation

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Offering enhanced means of social life as if representing an urban square, this gallery is suppor ted by the sports hall and the conference hall on the first floor and spaces like the meeting hall and the student canteen as well as labs and classrooms on the entrance level.

Corridors & Lobbies Corridors & Lobbies

Building Entrance

(Fig 5.3.6.3) ground plan shows the circulation , (Author, 2020)

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5.3.7 Project Elevation :

(Fig 5.3.7.1) main elevation,(Author, 2020)

Translucent planes covered with glass veneer

reinforced concrete blocks are attached to steel beams

(Fig 5.3.7.2) northern elevation,(Author, 2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

If you walk through the pedestrian streets, you can have links with not only the inner gallery, but outer courtyard too. To facilitate the varied means of communication that are offered inside the hou se, attempts are also being made to construct a vibrant atmosphere using vivid colors.

The building's aesthetic beauty is also further enhanced by its fractured style of architecture. Th e current green pattern grove is deliberately entangled with the building mass. one section of the various terraces offer ed at different elevations was turned into open spaces for students, the emphasis in other sections has been on maintaining gre en consistency.

(Fig 5.3.7.3) southern elevation,(Author, 2020)

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5.3.8 Project Section : The following sections of this Automotive Project describes the volume definition which means the measurement of the three-dimensional shape of this project. In addition to the spaces from different perspectives.

Core

Conference Hall

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Sports Hall

(Fig 5.3.8.1) Section (A-A)shows inner stairs & sports-hall, (Author,2020)

(Fig 5.3.8.2) Section (B-B)shows conference Hall , (Author,2020)

Accommodation

Class Rooms

(Fig 5.3.8.3) Section (C-C)Shows Class rooms , (Author,2020)

Workshops

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5.3.9 Project Target :

As the site is located among different Industrial workshops, Institutes, and centers specialized in Automotive spare parts, is already evolving and the concept of having such places where contact between students is facilitated, as this exchange is what contemporary approaches in education require directly. As well as; finding Jobs in the same field. That makes it easier for Students to connect after graduating with practical life.

(Fig 5.3.9.1) Workshop,(Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.3.9.2) Workshop,(Author, 2020)

5.3.10 Project program & Layout : The functional layout of the building consists of three main activity areas including education/training, accommodation for boarding students and socialization in addition to its facility areas.

The educational building's layout is built to c onsist of distinct sections of separate elevatio ns within an interconnected whole & It‘s connected to a common artery with services

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

As its corporate social responsibility program, The Automotive Industry Exporters Group has proposed the establishment of a school to address the need for skilled workers in the field, and the initial steps for registering this school under the Ministry of Education were taken in 2008.

(Fig 5.3.10.1) Layout,(Author, 2020)

Socialization Facilities: • • •

Dining hall/cafeteria and the canteen Conference hall with a capacity of 540 persons Indoor sports hall accommodating basketball, volleyball and handball courts.

(Fig 5.3.10.2) sitting area,(Author, 2020)

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5.3.10 Project program & Layout : Educational Facilities:

Freshmen • The first year will be places for basic education and theoretical knowledge

Professional lectures

(Fig 5.3.10.3) Studios,(Author, 2020)

Socialization Facilities: • • •

Dining hall/cafeteria and the canteen Conference hall with a capacity of 540 persons Indoor sports hall accommodating basketball, volleyball and handball courts.

(Fig 5.3.10.4) sitting zone,(Author, 2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

It will taught at studios, which require spacious areas. Particularly the studios for Machine, Metal and Motor Vehicles Technologies additionally require special features for placement of specific tools and machines.

(Fig 5.3.10.5) sitting zone,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.10.7) Sports Hall,(Author, 2020)

Accommodation Facilities: The functional program includes a dormitory with a capacity of three hundred students

(Fig 5.3.10.6) students Dorms,(Author, 2020)

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5.3.11 Building and Construction Techniques :

(Fig 5.3.11.1) Glass Veneers,(Author,2020)

(Fig 5.3.11.2) Glass Veneers,(Author,2020)

In classrooms, the canteen and the cafeteria/dining hall, suspended timber ceilings have been used for precautionary measures on acoustics.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

The reinforced concrete blocks are attached to steel beams and translucent planes covered with glass veneer, with the goal of building the project in a plain an d clear-cut structural structure.

The surface layer of the roofs, floors and walls has been eliminated to reduce the variety of construction ma terials. This has fulfilled the need to speed up the construction cycle

(Fig 5.3.11.3) suspended timber ceilings ,(Sculpt form, 2015)

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5.3.12 Design Issues :

1.

Circulation

Since all of the building floors take almost the same structure and shape of zoning then the Vertical Circulation & the Horizontal Circulation would almost be the same.

The main corridor in the center of the building which is the spine that is distributed to several spaces through internal lobbies to reach different zones and buildings components, as well as the external urban zones around the building.

VERTICAL CIRCULATION As this project is built on a different levels of topography then ramps and internal and external staircases are available to reach the specific zone. That creates good interaction between students, staff , and zones.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

HORIZONTAL CIRCULATION

(Fig 5.3.12.1) ground floor,(Archdaily, 2020) Vertical Circulation Horizontal Circulation

2. Flexibility The building has the ability to constantly adjust its design of space and even its architecture to changing needs to form volume flexibility.

(Fig 5.3.12.2) building elevation ,(Author, 2020)

3. Mood The entire ceiling is supported by a woodslatted frame that encloses and dissimulates the structures gained. The wood supports are d esigned as a scene for the outstanding equipment that they c over overhead.

(Fig 5.3.12.3) wooden ceiling, (Archdaily, 2017)

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5.3.12 Design Issues :

4. Comfort o o

lighting visual comfort

5. Interaction

(Fig 5.3.12.4) lightning,(Archdaily, 2012)

Connecting the design to green space to create continuous and pleasant public space for entertainment and interaction.

The interaction between people and surrounding context (Fig 5.3.1.5) AEU(Archdailyr,2017)

5.3.14 CONCLUSION The intention of this project is to reflect its contemporary vision upon achievement of the project objectives, it illustrates several different ideas, overloaded facilities framework, clarity and continuity of the generated outdoor spaces created.

The project is praised for the maturity of its plan in a clear mass in accordance with topography, green patterns and other environmental aspects. That is not the only ideas on the project but also as the establishment of a school to address the need for skilled workers in the field, under the Ministry of Education were taken in 2008.

PROS Potential of the main circulation space which connects building masses of different functions with each other providing at the same time for rich indoor and multipurpose activities.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Different lighting levels are required for various types of work to achieve the comfort level in zones by glass veneers, such as; workshops, class rooms, and even corridors.

CONS • It‘s Not a Sustainable Building • The building‘s entrance and exits has a weak approach.

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5.4 Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute

INTRODUCTION The Saudi-Japanese Car Institute is a reflection of the long relationship and fruitful cooperation between the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Japan, sponsored by the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) and the Kingdom's Japanese car distributors participating in the Institute (JADIK) and the JAMA. The college offers specialized vocational instruction in the area of automotive technology and repair for Saudi youth with a high school diploma or equivalent.

Zawya Companies

Year: 1998 Built Over 72500.0 m² (Fig 5.4.1.1) SJAHI, (Author, 2020)

5.4.1 History Of The Building : The beginning of this innovative project was when the Japanese automobile distributors in the Kingdom who participated in the Institute approached the Association of Japanese Car Manufacturers, where they suggested the concept of setting up a college or institute to improve the skills of Saudi youth in the field of automotive repair and technique. As a result of these relations, the Saudi and Japanese governments signed an agreement During King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud's visit, in October 1998, dedicated to helping the private sector in both countries to set up an institute or college specializing in automotive development and maintenance.

Indeed, the Saudi-Japanese Higher Institute for Cars was established.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Jeddah , Saudi Arabia

(Fig 5.4.1.2) SJAHI, (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.4.1.3) SJAHI, (Author, 2020)

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5.4 Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute

5.4.2 Aim of The Project : The institute aim can be characterized by the tireless efforts of graduating Saudi youth who have good skills and strong job ethics, allowing them to operate in auto repair centers with trust.

(Fig 5.4.2.1) students of SJAHI, (Author, 2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

5.4.3 Project Components :

(Fig 5.4.3.1) SJAHI components , (google maps edited by Author, 2020)

1. Training Building (A1 and A2) • The building area is 5810 m².

• 6 practical training hall (50 students in each hall) . The practical training hall (50 students in each hall), there are 6 halls, each with an area of ​262 m², with a total area of ​1572 m².

• The workshop area is 2926 m².

• Ten lecture halls with a capacity (25 students in each hall), an area of ​77.6 square meters, a total area of ​776 square meters.

(Fig 5.4.3.2) students of SJAHI, (Author, 2020)

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5.4.3 Project Components : 2. Training Building (A3): The building area is 1300m2.

• Contain English and computer labs.

• Applied Sciences Laboratory (Physics and Chemistry).

• Gym. • Computer unit.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

(Fig 5.4.3.3) SJAHI labs , (Author, 2020)

3. Administration building The building area is 4100 m² • Offices.

• Meeting rooms.

• Student counseling rooms.

• Specialized library.

• Great meeting room.

• medical clinic.

• Restaurant.

• Automated teller machine.

(Fig 5.4.3.4) SJAHI sport hall , (Author, 2020)

4. Other services: • Driving track.

• A gas station for the use of the institute.

• Car parking for 311 cars.

Restaurant which Can accommodate 422 people at one time.

5. Student residence building: • The building area is 7756 m².

(Fig 5.4.3.5) SJAHI lecture hall, (Author, 2020)

6. Mosque • The mosque accommodates 450 worshipers with an area of ​1171 m².

(Fig 5.4.3.6) SJAHI food zone , (Author, 2020)

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5.4 Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute

5.4.4 Educational Curriculum : The technical and maintenance curriculum for cars was planned to train qualified Saudi technicians with realistic knowledge equal to the third stage for automotive servicing technicians in Japan by the Japanese automotive department.

Technical materials • 1,800 hours of training Technical curricula constitute 71% of study and training hours.

Intensive English program • 760 hours training Determining language objectives with clear content in English

(Fig 5.4.4.3) classrooms, (Author, 2020)

Training program • 6 months corporate training At the end of the second year (after the fourth semester) students graduate and start practicing work in the centers of maintenance centers and workshops under observation.

(Fig 5.4.4.5) workshops, (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.4.4.2) classrooms, (Author, 2020)

Business Ethics Program • 64 hours training The first priority for business owners is to improve business ethics.

(Fig 5.4.4.4) dining room, (Author, 2020)

On-the-job training • 8 weeks training The institute will not only teach and train in the training halls and workshops of the institute, but also in the maintenance centers of Japanese car distributors

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

(Fig 5.4.4.1) workshops , (Author, 2020)

General Articles • 200 hours training Applied sciences (physics and chemistry)

(Fig 5.4.4.6) workshops, (Author, 2020)

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5.4.5 Institute Goals :

(Fig 5.4.5.1) Workshop,(Author, 2020)

5.4.6 Socialization Facilities: • • • • •

Laundry department.

Seating hall.

Entertainment halls.

Internet service.

Cafeteria.

(Fig 5.4.5.2) Canteen,(Author, 2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

1. Investing in youth preparation, education, and jobs.

2. Developing the idea of growing company and industrial organization's involvement in the area it commands.

3. Motivating international organizations and companies with Kingdom ambitions to fund projects in the private sector intended to benefit the nation.

4. Creation of the concept of practical interinstitutional collaboration with related activities.

5. Spreading the idea of manufacturing and efficient investments specialization.

6. Providing high-level practical training in the field of automotive technology and maintenance for youth, in line with what the Japanese automakers apply.

7. Providing job opportunities to students in the Kingdom with Japanese car distributors.

(Fig 5.4.5.3) Entertainment Halls,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.4.5.4) Sitting Hall,(Author, 2020)

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5.4 Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute 5.4.7 Educational Facilities : Diploma

Career Path

(Fig 5.4.6.1) Classes,(Author, 2020)

After graduation, students may follow this tracks: • • • • •

Car maintenance technician.

A second professional technician.

Senior professional technician.

Head of car maintenance technician.

Reception engineer or work area manager in a maintenance center.

• Maintenance center manager.

• Maintenance area manager.

• Maintenance General Manager.

(Fig 5.4.6.2) Clinic,(Author, 2020)

Other services: • • • •

Driving track.

A gas station for the use of the institute.

Car parking for 311 cars.

Clinic

(Fig 5.4.6.4) Swimming Pool,(Author, 2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

• Upon graduation, the applicant is given a certificate in Japanese car technology and repair equivalent to the third level of car maintenance technicians in Japan, and a certificate from the Kingdom's technical colleges.

(Fig 5.4.6.3) Parking,(Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.4.6.5) Gas Station,(Author, 2020)

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5.4 Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute

5.4.8 Accommodation Facilities In addition to the housing supervisor's office, the housing accommodates 400 students, and is intended for students from outside Jeddah.

The housing is designed to suit the study requirements of the students.

(Fig7.1.1.1) Studios,(Author, 2020)

Circulation

Solid and void

(Fig 5.4.7.2) Solid and void diagram,(Author, 2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

5.4.9 Circulation & Layout

36% (Fig 5.4.7.1) circulation diagram,(Author, 2020)

Inside Circulation

64%

Test Drive Road Main Road Secondary Road

solid

void

(Fig 5.4.7.3) solid & void chart , (Author, 2020)

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5.4 Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute 5.4.10 Project Elevation :

(Fig 5.4.8.1) Elevation,(Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.4.8.2) Elevation,(Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.4.8.3) Elevation,(Author, 2020)

5.4.11 Design Issues

1.

Circulation

Vertical circulation Ramps: Access to the halls in the main entrance and in the back door.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

The building elevation was designed to emphasize the sense of continuity by creating horizontal strips of green color on the faรงade. The use of green glass and aluminum frames together with the horizontal strips, make the building stand out from its surroundings.

Staircase: For vertical circulation between the level of the upper floor and the level of the ground and from the pavement to the entrance hall.

Horizontal circulation It starts here from the entrance, moves along the site in a grid/square form to give the accessibility to move around the buildings very easily.

(Fig 5.4.9.1) Circulation,(Author, 2020)

Ramps and Stair cases

Horizontal circulation 93

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5.4 Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute 5.4.11 Design Issues :

2. Image

(Fig 5.4.9.1) project entrance,(sjahi.org, 2017)

3. Interaction The existence of green spaces will promote meaningful social experiences and enhance social cohesion in ways and improve health and wellbeing. green spaces were also correlated with good health habits and results including increased physical activity and social participation.

(Fig 5.4.9.2) green areas(sjahi.org,2017)

5.4.12 CONCLUSION The institute is contributing to urbanization, acquiring technological knowledge and skills, and enhancing self-confidence among youth, the Institute seeks to improve human resources and improve the automotive major.

PROS • Project have all the facilities a student may need to achieve a higher learning approach and to reach goals easily.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

It has been not very common to see a project where Producers meet in one country and distributors meet to build it in another. The experience of setting up the Saudi- Higher Institute for Cars is also exceptional globally.

CONS • No sustainable featers used in the project.

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5.5 Technical School for Dual Education and Training (Mubarak Cole)

CHAPTER

INTRODUCTION It is a school affiliated to the Mubarak Kohl Schools System, a system that was created after the visit of President Mubarak to the Federal Republic of Germany in 1991 and was a product of participating in the development of technical education.

The Engineering Authority of the Egyptian Government

Year: 1991

(Fig 5.5.1.1) Mubarak kohl school , (Author, 2020)

Built Over 25000.0 m²

5.5.1 Historical Background The idea of ​the German system depends on the Ministry of Education teaching technical and cultural subjects and implementing some basic courses between one week and nine weeks during the school phase, provided that the private sector trains students professionally within the production and services sites.

5.5.2 Project Aim That the private business sector and they are the real stakeholders with the government represented by the Ministry of Education in the education and training of this new product of graduates.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

6 October city ,Egypt

(Fig 5.5.1.2) Mubarak kohl school , (Author, 2020)

5.5.3 School Majors  Mechanics Department  Heavy Equipment  Printing  Fixture Mechanics  Automotive Department  Refrigeration & Air Conditioning  Auto technician  Industrial Mechanics (Fig 5.5.3.1) Mubarak kohl school , (Author, 2020)

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5.5 Technical School for Dual Education and Training (Mubarak Cole)

(Fig 5.5.4.2) Classrooms, (Author, 2020)

• Students receive practical courses inside and outside the school's laboratories and workshops.

• The student gets a certificate of evaluation of his performance in practical training, approved by the German-Arab Investors Association and the German-Arab Chamber of Commerce in Cairo as a certificate of experience.

• At the end of the stage, the company enters into an employment contract for distinguished students with an appropriate salary in the event of empty spaces.

5.5.5 Accessibility & Surrounding

(Fig 5.5.4.1) Classrooms, (Author, 2020)

• The student receives vocational training 4 days a week at the training place he contracted with • Summer and half year vacation for schools The student is present at the company 6 days a week.

• The student gets 21 days off during the summer with an application that the training place approves of.

(Fig 5.5.4.3) workshop , (Author, 2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

5.5.4 Description of study and training • Qualification is an industrial high school diploma • The duration of study and training is 3 academic years.

• The academic year consists of 11 months, and the trainee is granted an annual leave of one month for each year by requesting the company's approval • The trainee contracts with (the training place nominated by the center) a company / workshop / service center / etc for 3 years.

• The student receives theoretical study in school two days a week.

CHAPTER

Technical School Location EL-NAKHILE Commercial center Government Primary School EL-TAWHID Complex (Fig 5.5.5.1) Accessibility & Surrounding , (Author, 2020)

Residential Zones

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5.5.6 Concept :

(Fig 5.5.6.1) concept sketch , (Author, 2020)

5.5.7 Zoning : Main access roads Parking lot Administration & classrooms Studios & workshops Storage Sport facility administration Open activity court (Fig 5.5.7.1) zoning , (zoning, 2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

The main concept was taken from the fist of the hand as it symbolizes wisdom and strength. Science is the furniture of life, so the school consists of 5 buildings which are a square building in which the administration and the main classrooms represent the big finger in addition to 4 other buildings separate by studios and workshops that represent the four fingers of the hand while creating a large area Between them represents the palm of the hand, as the buildings were directed directly to the north direction

5.5.8 Solid & Void : The percentage of construction is very small in relation to the project land, it represents 3650 meters square, or 13%, which creates wide areas for various activities, which represents 21,350 meters square, at 87% as the buildings are concentrated at the beginning and end of the land to create a large area in the middle

13%

87%

solid

void

(Fig 5.5.8.1) solid & void chart , (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.5.8.2) solid & void plan , (Author, 2020)

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5.5 Technical School for Dual Education and Training (Mubarak Cole) 5.5.9 Elevation Grid lines

Grid lines Equal spaces

Thermal Bricks (Fig 5.5.9.1) Elevation , (Author, 2020)

5.5.10 Design issues Circulation Building

The element of movement for this building is one of the distinguishing things for it, as it is separate, external and clear, which facilitates the process of moving from one floor to another, in addition to the aesthetic appearance of the building.

Core (Fig 5.5.10.1) relation between building and stairs, (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.5.10.2) staircase, (Author, 2020)

Flexibility The building enjoys clarity and direct vision of the target, which makes it easy to reach as the four practical buildings stand at the end of the earth, making it prominent Comfort The interior design of the building provides a great deal of comfort by providing large and open spaces, as the windows of the building are large and have transparent glass to facilitate the view outside. the glass percentage is 30% which provide natural material

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The main faรงade consists of vertical and horizontal lines that divide it into equal parts of the large windows which used in the natural lighting of the interior spaces, and other solid parts covered by bricks with painted vertical and horizontal separators

(Fig 5.5.10.3) relation between buildings , (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.5.10.4) windows ratio, (Author, 2020)

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5.5 Technical School for Dual Education and Training (Mubarak Cole)

05 CHAPTER

5.5.11 CONCLUSION The idea of ​an advanced technical school or Mubarak Cole is one of the genius ideas for development in technical education in Egypt. There are many schools at the level of the Republic with different specializations, but this school is distinguished by its specializations as it is divided into the Mechanics Department and the Automotive Department It also has the advantage of interacting with the surrounding environment, as its design resembles neighboring buildings, and it creates a visible main square connecting the buildings to each other.

PROS  The majority of the training burden is borne by the private sector, as training takes place inside its factories.  The private sector holds responsibility for training skills because it raises the quality level of its production.  The occupancy rate of the school classes decreased to 33.3%, as the student attends two days a week at the school, thus:  Low cost of teachers ‘wages for the semester.  Low percentage of service fees and service requirements  The number of graduates is proportional to the needs of the labor market

CONS  Not all departments related to the car industry are available  The number of classes is very small, the largest reliance on practical study only  Keep away from public transportation  Landscaping is not completed  Do not rely on windows only in natural ventilation  The project land is not used sufficiently

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5.5.10 Design Issues Interaction • The building can interact with the surrounding environment in a large way, as it closely resembles the buildings adjacent to it, so it is not very different from them, so the heights are very close to it and the facades are also, which does not make it an exception for others.

• The simplicity in the design helps the users to come to the building with noah from the comfort as the design does not (Fig 5.5.10.5) interaction between, (Author, 2020) differ from the place where they live • In addition to the fact that the teaching system works to strengthen this thing, the school combines study and work, in addition to that it cares for graduates as well and provides appropriate job opportunities

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5.6 Future university in Egypt (FUE)

INTRODUCTION University style is mixed between modern & historic architecture Design, The facade of the university appeared at its best in terms of design, architecture and contemporary style . The functional layout of the university is designed as consisting of six buildings with different elevations , three research centers and various facilities including theater, gymnasium and conference hall, university capacity of 4000 students .

`

90th Street , Cairo, Egypt Year: 2006

Built Over 45,000 m² (Fig 5.6.1) Future university , (Author, 2020)

5.6.1 History Of The Building : Future University was established in Egypt in 2006 as a fully recognized university in the English language, devoted to community service and education in the Middle East, to make the University of the Future to be one of the leading universities in Egypt.

The mechanical Engineering Building established in 2007 to be one of the leading colleges and contributing to the development of automotive engineering education in the Middle East through its rigorous basic curriculum.

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Founded by : Tamer algably

(Fig 5.6.1.1) Future university , (Author, 2020)

5.6.2 Aim & Objectives Of the Project : To be internationally recognized as a worldclass academic and research institution and to contribute to preparing and developing the human resources necessary for comprehensive development in both Egypt and the Arab countries.

(Fig 5.6.2.1) Future university , (Author, 2020)

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5.6 Future university in Egypt (FUE) 5.6.3 Concept :

05 CHAPTER

organizational structures

Planning design uses 3 organizational structures to determine the relationship between accessibility & form & function in order to clarifies the harmony and achieve the goals of the organization

Linear organization A linear sequence of repetitive spaces

clustered organization Spaces grouped by proximity of the sharing of a common visual trait or relationship.

(Fig 5.6.3.1) building layout , (slide share, 2017)

(Fig 5.6.3.2) concept sketch , (slide share, 2017)

5.6.4 Zoning : Engineering Dental Food Court Pharmacy Computer Science Political science Admission

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centralized organization A linear sequence of repetitive spaces

Green area English

5.6.5 Solid & Void :

solid

(Fig 5.6.4.1) zoning , (slide share, 2017)

30% 30 %

void 70%

(Fig 5.6.5.1) solid & void chart , (Author, 2020)

(Fig 5.6.5.2) solid & void plan , (fue, 2008)

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5.6 Future university in Egypt (FUE)

05 CHAPTER

5.6.6 Project components : Ground floor Lecture hall Workshops

Secertary Staff

W.C Management

Stairs

First floor Lecture hall Gallery Drawing hall

W.C Corridor Stairs

Typical floor

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Corridor

Lecture hall Gallery Drawing hall W.C Corridor Stairs

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5.6 Future university in Egypt (FUE) 5.6.7 Project Accessibility & Surrounding :

When it comes to architectural design, it always comes up as an something fundamental in the project .

Porto new Cairo Americana plaza new Cairo

Maxim mall

Oscar grand stores

Concord plaza mall

Tabark compound Galleria moon valley new Cairo

Villars compound

Total gas station

La Vie En Rose

Secondary Roads (Circulation)

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(Fig 5.6.7.1) project surrounding , (google maps edited by author ,2020)

Main Road (Circulation)

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5.6 Future university in Egypt (FUE)

Prominent Roof

(Fig 5.6.8.1) Elevation,(Author, 2020)

This faรงade is characterized by vitality, diversity in blocks and use of building materials Arch Marble entrance

Long bricks slips

PVC window Protruded entrance

(Fig 5.6.8.2) north east faรงade,(Author, 2020)

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5.6.8 Elevation : The facade of the building is polymorphic, if you look at it from the entrance facade, you'll see what appears to be divided into blocks crawling towards you., characterized by vitality. from the southern facade, it will appear to you that the facade is determined by horizontal lines that divide it into equal parts , Its side lines glide smoothly and gracefully, The northern faรงade consists of grid lines that divide it into equal parts of large bricks, consisting of similar windows used in the natural lighting of the interior spaces and giving a flexible and strong shape to the facade.

Cornice surface Prominent paint surface Thermal Vertical brick

(Fig 5.6.8.3) east faรงade ,(Author, 2020)

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5.6 Future university in Egypt (FUE) 5.6.9 Design issues : Circulation The building counts on a very simple circulation as it is very easy to move from the entrance of the building to the function spaces in a two intersect path .

Corridor & lobby Stairs

The presence of the building near the university gate provides direct visibility and accessibility, and the building‘s mass does not affect the surrounding blocks, as there is a large front area that makes the building accessible to the irrigation

Building Entrance

(Fig 5.6.9.1) Circulation , (Author, 2020)

Comfort The external area of the building provides a great measure of comfort by providing a large and open space of shaded seating areas and a lot of green spaces. As for the interior design, the functional spaces are close to each other, providing easy access and comfort to students.

(Fig 5.6.9.2) Comfort , (Author, 2020)

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Flexibility

Durability Strength and stability is one of the main aspects of the project and it shows how solid the project is , the building is designed in a strong way because of the materials used in ( concrete, bricks,.....) the building is estimated to last for a long period of up to 100 years.

(Fig 5.6.9.3) Durability, (Author, 2020)

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5.6 Future university in Egypt (FUE) 5.6.9 Design issues : Interaction

(Fig 5.6.9.4 ) interaction between buildings, (Author, 2020)

Mood merge between old and new historic architecture and use light color to make it interesting & Using marble to eye-catching

(Fig 5.6.9.5 ) mood , (Archdaily, 2020)

5.5.10 Conclusion Car engineering at Future University provides a mix of research, teaching, and student experience that is rarely seen in higher education facilities. The building is a new model of how students can engage and maintain students more effectively in engineering, mathematics and labs, promote equal access through design, and drive positive change for future generations of engineering research and discoveries in the automotive field.

PROS  main circulation space connects building masses functions with each other. .

• building‘s have a lot of entrances and exits a approach.

CONS  Not all departments related to the car industry are available

 The college bears all the training costs, as the training is conducted under the supervision of the college and highlighted ,:  The college bears responsibility for training skills because it raises the name of its education level .

• It‘s Not a Sustainable Building

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• The building interacts with the surrounding from green spaces and empty spaces greatly, but in relation to the surrounding , it is distinguished by that it differs from the surrounding buildings even in the height and structure of the exterior, which helps to easily identify it on the campus

 The number of classes is very small, the largest reliance on practical study only

 Unsafe slope in the building .  The building is mix between more than 2 majors in engineering

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CHOOSING SITE PROCESS IS BASED ON CRITERIA DESIGNED TO CHOOSE THE MOST SUITABLE ONE FOR THE SELECTED PROJECT. THIS CRITERIA INCLUDES A COMPARISON AMONG DIFFERENT

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6.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA

CHAPTER

Site selection criteria is the process of examining multiple options and assessing their relative advantages and disadvantages. There are some characteristics to be noticed as shown in (fig.6.1.1)

Community: Community of El-Herafeen is the dynamo of the project, due to their talent Automobile industry, car repairing, maintenance, also selling cars spare parts.

Landmarks: Cairo international airport nearby the site will attract foreign students, sponsors, and help as with importing machines and tools to the project and will also help in the project‘s vision and main objective which is the city branding Accessibility: The site location is very spectacular, it is located among 3 main roads, the ring road , gesr el suez and joseph tito street. It can be reached easily by car or though transportation .

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(Fig 6.1.1) Site selection Criteria, (Author, 2020).

Flexibility: The targeted project ― automotive institute‖ is very flexible and can be extended in the future due to the fact that it is based on the community‘s talent in the various car industry fields and related to their heritage.

Views: The site should be located to a good view and surroundings to help in the project‘s aim and vision which is the city branding.

Site services: In a site selection, especially in big projects scale or investments, there should be some site services nearby related to water supplies and electricity and other services.

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SITE I

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AlHerafeen CITY

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SITE I

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6.2.2 LAND USE MAPS This diagram displays various uses of the land in this chart to aid in the planning stage and site selection.

Al-Herafeen site

Educational

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Hospital

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Fig (6.2.2.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

10% 5% 5% 55% 25%

Fig ( 6.2.2.2), chart showing land-use, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

According to site research, Google Map analysis, urban and planning commission, This map crystallize the high percentage of residential buildings in land use of El-Herafeen location , then Industrial come in the second place followed by industrial area where it exists strongly around the site. (Author 2020)

Fig (6.2.2.3)El-Herfeen shows industrial area(Author,2020)

Fig (6.2.2.4) service shops on ground floor(Author,2020)

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6.2.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS This Map illustrates various building heights for the selected site that helps in investigating more of the site and location and designing the project.

Al-Herafeen site

5-8 Stories

1-2 Stories

2-5 Stories

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Fig (6.2.3.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

25%

30%

45%

Fig ( 6.2.3.2), chart showing building heights, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

Buildings in El-Herafeen characterized by its low heights, where most of buildings consist of two stories ,which is the majority found in different ranges of heights like 1-2 stories that mainly found in residential and buildings. Also, it was found that there are more than 5 stories, but they are the second category. lastly, these difference in heights are pointed to using of different structure materials and different structure system.(Author 2020)

Fig (6.2.3.3)El-Herfeen(Author,2020)

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6.2.4 BUILDING CONDITIONS This diagram shows the different state of the buildings condition in this area to assist with the planning stage and the location selection.

Al-Herafeen site

Middle

Good

Bad

10%

25%

65%

Fig ( 6.2.4.2), chart showing building conditions of, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

This analysis shows the physical status of the building at the time of the inventory or audit as it also shows the structure of the surround buildings as it‘s made from concrete Beam and Column structure. (Author,2020)

Fig (6.2.4.3)El-Herfeen showing middle building condition(Author,2020)

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Fig (6.2.4.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

Fig (6.2.4.4)El-Herfeen showing bad condition(Author,2020)

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6.2.5 ROAD HIERARCHY This map shows the different percentage between the roads in this map to help in the design stage and the selection of the site.

Al-Herafeen site

Secondary

Main

Neighborhood street ( local streets in neighborhoods)

25%

15%

60%

Fig ( 6.2.5.2), chart showing Road Hierarchy of, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

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Fig (6.2.5.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

This map shows the varieties of road hierarchy in width and in relations between them.

Generally, the roads are planned or with a grid; most of the roads have well connections to each other.

Fig (6.2.5.3)El-Herfeen secondary street(Author,2020)

Fig (6.2.5.4)El-Herfeen main street (Author,2020)

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6.2.6 SOLID AND VOID This Map shows the different percentage between solid and void that illustrates and help in the design stage as well as the selection of the site.

35% Al-Herafeen site

Solid

65% Void

Fig ( 6.2.6.2), chart showing Solid and Void of, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

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Fig (6.2.6.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

According to multiple sources and Google Maps, this analysis clarifies the solid and void of El-Herafeen; the percentage of void masses are larger than the solid ones on the right side (Author,2020)

Fig (6.2.6.3)El-Herfeen(Author,2020)

Fig (6.2.6.4)El-Herfeen(Author,2020)

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6.2.7 MENTAL MAP 6.2.7.1 Skyline A skyline is the outline or pattern created by the structural construction of a city, whether by human action in an nonurban environment or in nature shaped where heaven meets buildings or ground.

An outline of the sky described land and buildings.

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Fig (6.2.7.1.1)Skyline(Al-Salam City, Author,2020)

6.2.7.2 RYTHEM AND REPETITION Rhythm in architecture is described as "a unifying motion characterized by a patterned repetition or modification of formal elements or motifs in the same or changed form."

• Sequential Linear Exchange of Components • Masses, walls, and balconies may be such the same • It shows the contrast and the harmony of the elevation

Fig (6.2.7.2.1) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2020)

Fig (6.2.7.2.2) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2020)

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6.2.7 MENTAL MAP 6.2.7.3 Architecture Style

The architectural style is characterized by the elements that make a house or other structure unique and distinctive in history. A design can include elements such as form, construction process, building materials and regional character.

Fig (6.2.7.3.3)Elevations(Author,2020)

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Fig (6.2.7.3.2)Elevations(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.7.3.1)Buildings elevations(Author,2020)

Fig (6.2.7.3.4)Elevations(Author,2020)

Conclusion

Such elements that started to emerge in El-Herafyeen building may arise because of the introduction of new materials and technologies in architecture, as well as because of the various needs of people to adapt with rapid age and climate and make this area more comfort and organized.

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6.2.8 CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Sun shading chart: The amount of sunlight reception is a result of many factors. The less the altitude, the less the angle of the sunlight reach with the vertical line to the horizon and the higher the sunshine reception.

Wind direction and vélocité:

(Fig 6.2.8.2) Wind direction and speed, (Climat Consultant, 2020)

Wind rose: It indicates the frequency and the time the wind blows from each direction and the percentage of such winds.

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(Fig 6.2.8.1) Sun Shading, (Climat Consultant, 2020)

(Fig 6.2.8.3) Wind rose, (Climat Consultant, 2020)

Conclusion: Climate and weather is very important in buildings construction. It must be considered and focusing on it due to it‘s continues changes .

The precision rate of each forecast depends on various factors like forecast word, prediction model accuracy, shifts in map trends over different days and individual predictor accuracy.

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6.2.9 SWOT ANALYSIS

El-Herafeen site is surrounded with shops that are specialized in car spare parts, repairing, maintenance, and other automotive needs .

•

This site is easy to reach through ring road- Suez Bridge.

Al Sadat street and Al-Nasr street are connected to the site.

•

Transportation are easy to find and get.

•

El-Herafeen city has informal areas that are surrounding it from all directions resulting in a high population density.

•

Lack of green areas

•

It‘s so crowded the most of the time because it‘s not an organized city and the shops are so close from each other.

WEAKNESSES

•

Since there are many of car shops and other, then the rate of Job opportunities are high.

•

It‘s famous with car maintenance centers that attract people and businessmen more.

OPPROTUNITIES

•

Lack of green areas may cause more air pollution over time as the high density of population do.

•

Informal growth threats the land resources.

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STRENGTHS

•

THREATS

Conclusion From the shown data that shows the urban analysis of El-Herafeen city , it will help to present the chosen sites and focus on problems from the analysis that was made.

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SITE II

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6.3.1 SITE LOCATION

6TH OCTOBER CITY

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SITE II

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6.3.2 LAND USE MAPS It's a map that shows the land different uses in this map to help in the design stage and the selection of the site.

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Fig (6.3.2.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) 6th of October site

Educational

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Hospital

6% 23%

70% (Fig 6.3.2.2), chart showing land-use, 6th of October(Author, 2020).

According to site research and urban and planning commission, This map crystallize the high percentage of residential buildings in land use of 6th of October city , then Industrial come in the second place where they are existing strongly Industrial area ,(Author 2019)

(Fig 6.3.2.3), Residential, 6th Of October, (Author, 2020).

(Fig 6.3.2.4), mosque ,6th of October, (Author, 2020).

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6.3.3 BUILDING HEIGHTS This Map illustrates various building heights for the selected site that helps in investigating more of the site and location and designing the project.

6th

of October site

2-5 Stories

1-2 Stories

25%

30%

5-8 Stories

45% (Fig 6.3.3.2), Chart Showing Building Heights, 6th Of October(author, 2020).

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Fig (6.3.3.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

Building in 6th of October city characterized by its low heights, where most of buildings consist of two stories ,which is the majority found in different ranges of heights like 2-3 stories that mainly found in residential and buildings. Also, it was found that there are more than 5 stories, but they are the second category including factories . lastly, these difference in heights are pointed to using of different structure materials and different structure system.(Author 2020)

Fig (6.3.3.3)6th of October city (Author,2020)

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6.3.4 BUILDING CONDITION It's a diagram showing the different state of the buildings condition in this area to assist with the planning stage and the location selection.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Fig (6.3.4.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) 6th of October site

Middle

Good

Bad

10%

25%

65% (Fig 6.3.4.2), Chart Showing Building Conditions Of, 6th Of October(author, 2020).

This analysis shows the physical status of the building at the time of the inventory or audit as it also shows the structure of the surround buildings as it‘s made from concrete Beam and Column structure. (Author,2020)

Fig (6.3.4.3)6th Of October Showing Good Building Condition(author,2020)

Fig (6.3.4.4)6th Of October Showing Middle Building Condition(author,2020)

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6.3.5 ROAD HIERARCHY It's a map that shows the different percentage between the roads in this map to help in the design stage and the selection of the site.

25% 6th of October site

Secondary

Main

Neighborhood street ( local streets in neighborhoods)

15%

60% (Fig 6.3.5.2), chart showing Road Hierarchy of, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Fig (6.3.5.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

This map shows the varieties of road hierarchy in width and in relations between them.

Generally, the roads are planned or with a grid; most of the roads have well connections to each other.

Fig (6.3.5.3)6th of october secondary street(Author,2020)

Fig (6.3.5.4)6th of october main street (Author,2020)

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6.3.6 SOLID AND VOID This Map shows the different percentage between solid and void that illustrates and help in the design stage as well as the selection of the site.

6th of October site

35%

Solid Void

65%

(Fig 6.3.6.2), chart showing Solid and Void of, 6th of October (Author, 2020).

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Fig (6.3.6.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

According to multiple sources and Google Maps, this analysis clarifies the solid and void of 6th of October ; the percentage of void masses are larger than the solid ones on the right side (Author,2020)

Fig (6.3.6.3)6th of October (Author,2020)

Fig (6.3.6.4)El-Herfeen(Author,2020)

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6.3.7 MENTAL MAP 6.3.7.1 Skyline A skyline is the outline or pattern created by the structural construction of a city, whether by human action in an nonurban environment or in nature shaped where heaven meets buildings or ground.

An outline of the sky described land and buildings.

6.3.7.2 RYTHEM AND REPETITION Rhythm in architecture is described as "a unifying motion characterized by a patterned repetition or modification of formal elements or motifs in the same or changed form."

• Sequential Linear Exchange of Components • Masses, walls, and balconies may be such the same • It shows the contrast and the harmony of the elevation

Fig (6.3.7.2.1) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2020)

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Fig (6.3.7.1.1)Skyline(Al-Salam City, Author,2020)

Fig (6.3.7.2.2) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2020)

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6.3.7 MENTAL MAP 6.3.7.3 Architecture Style

The architectural style is characterized by the elements that make a house or other structure unique and distinctive in history. A design can include elements such as form, construction process, building materials and regional character.

Fig (6.3.7.3.3)Elevations(Author,2020)

Fig (6.3.7.3.2)Elevations(Author,2020)

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Fig (6.3.7.3.1)Buildings elevations (Author,2020)

Fig (6.3.7.3.4)Elevations(Author,2020)

Conclusion

Such elements that started to emerge in El-Herafyeen building may arise because of the introduction of new materials and technologies in architecture, as well as because of the various needs of people to adapt with rapid age and climate and make this area more comfort and organized.

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6.3.8 CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Sun shading chart: The amount of sunlight reception is a result of many factors. The less the altitude, the less the angle of the sunlight reach with the vertical line to the horizon and the higher the sunshine reception.

Wind direction and vélocité:

(Fig 6.3.8.2) Wind direction and speed, (Climat Consultant, 2020)

Wind rose: It indicates the frequency and the time the wind blows from each direction and the percentage of such winds.

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

(Fig 6.3.8.1) Sun Shading, (Climat Consultant, 2020)

(Fig 6.3.8.3) Wind rose, (Climat Consultant, 2020)

Conclusion: Climate and weather is very important in buildings construction. It must be considered and focusing on it due to it‘s continues changes .

The precision rate of each forecast depends on various factors like forecast word, prediction model accuracy, shifts in map trends over different days and individual predictor accuracy.

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6.3.9 SWOT ANALYSIS •

Near to the main road of the 26th of july road

•

Presence of many factories specialized in assembling and manufacturing auto parts, such as the bavarian group for the car industry, the egyptian german motor company and general motors.

• Presence of many services near to the area • Close to the smart village, 30 km away

• Main road crowded (26th of July • Weak lighting in the side roads • Checkpoints due to the presence of the house of adly Mansour, the former president

WEAKNESSES

• To many automotive factories will provide job a lot of opportunities in future • Supplying lighting in the side roads • Open spaces

OPPROTUNITIES

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STRENGTHS

• High dependence on private sector investors • To many random neighborhoods

THREATS

Conclusion From the shown data that shows the urban analysis of El-Herafeen city , it will help to present the chosen sites and focus on problems from the analysis that was made.

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6.4.1 SITE LOCATION

Port Said

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SITE III

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6.4.2 LAND USE MAPS It's a diagram that displays various uses of the land in this chart to aid in the planning stage and site selection.

Freezone Port Said site

Educational

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

Religion

Hospital

10% 5% 14%

(Fig 6.2.2), chart showing land-use, freezone Port Said (Author, 2020).

5%

57%

9%

INSTITUTE OF AUTOMOTIVE DESIGN

Fig (6.4.2.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

According to site research and Google Map analysis and urban and planning commission, This map crystallize the high percentage of residential and landmarks buildings in land use of Freezone Port Sais location, where it exists strongly around the site.,(Author 2020)

Fig (6.4.2.2)Mousqe Freezone Portsaid(Author,2020)

Fig (6.4.2.3) Industrial zone(Author,2020)

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6.4.3 BUILDING CONDITION It's a diagram showing the different state of the buildings condition in this area to assist with the planning stage and the location selection.

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Fig (6.4.3.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

20% Freezone Port Said site

Moderate

Good

80% (Fig 6.4.3.2), chart showing building conditions of, freezone Port SaidN(Author, 2020).

This analysis shows the physical status of the building at the time of the inventory or audit as it also shows the structure of the surround buildings as it‘s made from concrete Beam and Column structure. (Author,2020)

Fig (6.4.3.3)showing Moderate building condition(Author,2020)

Fig (6.4.3.4)showing good condition(Author,2020)

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6.4.4 BUILDING HEIGHTS This Map illustrates various building heights for the selected site that helps in investigating more of the site and location and designing the project.

Freezone Port Said site 1-2 Stories

5-8 Stories

36% 55%

2-5 Stories

9% (Fig 6.4.4.2), chart showing building heights, freezone Port Said(Author, 2020).

Buildings in Port said characterized by its high buildings, where most of buildings consist of 2-5 stories ,which is the majority found mainly in residential buildings. Also, it was found that there are more than 5 stories, but they are the second category. lastly, these difference in heights are pointed to using of different structure materials and different structure system.(Author 2020)

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Fig (6.4.4.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

(Fig 6.4.4.3), building heights, freezone Port Said (Author, 2020).

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6.4.5 ROAD HIERARCHY It's a map that shows the different percentage between the roads in this map to help in the design stage and the selection of the site.

20% Freezone Port Said site Main

Secondary Neighborhood street ( local streets in neighborhoods)

60%

20%

(Fig 6.4.5.2), chart showing Road Hierarchy of, Freezone Port Said(Author, 2020).

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Fig (6.4.5.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

This map shows the varieties of road hierarchy in width and in relations between them.

Generally, the roads are planned or with a grid; all of the roads have well connections to each other.

Fig (6.4.5.3)freezone port said secondary street(Author,2020)

Fig (6.4.5.4)freezone port said main street (Author,2020)

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6.4.6 SOLID AND VOID This Map shows the different percentage between solid and void that illustrates and help in the design stage as well as the selection of the site.

Freezone Port Said site

25%

Solid Void

75% (Fig 6.4.6.2), chart showing Solid and Void of, freezone Port Said(Author, 2020).

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Fig (6.4.6.1)Google Maps (Author,2020)

According to multiple sources and Google Maps, this analysis clarifies the solid and void of Port said city. The percentage of solid masses are larger than the void ones (Author,2020)

Fig (6.4.6.3)port said(Author,2020)

Fig (6.4.6.4)port said residential(Author,2020)

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6.4.7 MENTAL MAP 6.4.7.1 Skyline

A skyline is the outline or pattern created by the structural construction of a city, whether by human action in an nonurban environment or in nature shaped where heaven meets buildings or ground.

The rhythm in architecture is described as "a unifying motion characterized by a patterned repetition or modification of formal elements or motifs in the same or changed form."

Sequential Linear Exchange of Components Masses, walls, embellishment may be such components it shows the contrast and the harmony of the elevation

(Figure 6.4.7.2.1) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2019)

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6.4.7.2 RYTHEM AND REPETITION

(Figure 6.4.7.2.2) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2019)

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6.4.7 MENTAL MAP

06 CHAPTER

6.4.7.3 Architecture Style The architectural style is characterized by the elements that make a house or other structure uni que and distinctive in history. A design can include elements such as form, construction process , building materials and regional character. Many architecture may be chronologically categori zed as types that evolve over time

(Figure 6.4.7.3.3) fedral building(Google maps, 2019)

(Figure 6.4.7.3.2) Residential elevation (Google maps, 2019)

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(Figure 6.4.7.3.1) Residential elevation (Google maps, 2019)

(Figure 6.4.7.3.4) Residential elevation (Google maps, 2019)

Conclusion: Due to some of slums areas in port saied Such elements that started to emerge in Port Saied building may arise because of the introduction of new materials and technologies in architecture, as well as because of the various needs of people to adapt with rapid age and climate and make this area more comfort and organized

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6.4.8 CLIMATE ANALYSIS

Sun shading chart:

Wind direction and velocity:

(Fig 6.4.8.2) Wind direction & speed, (Climate Consultant, 2019).

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The amount of sunlight reception is a result of many factors. The less the altitude, the less the (Fig 6.4.8.1) Sun Shading, (Climate Consultant, 2019) angle of the sunlight reach with the vertical line to t he horizon and the higher the sunshine reception.

Wind rose: It indicates the frequency and the time the wind blows from each direction and the percentage of such winds (Fig 6.4.8.3) Wind rose, (Climate Consultant, 2019)

Conclusion: Climate and weather is very important in buildings construction from past and to the future it must be considered and focusing on it due to its various The precision rate of each forecast depends on various factors like forecast word, prediction model accuracy, shifts in map trends over different days and individual predictor ac curacy.

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6.4.9 SWOT ANALYSIS • There is a large Industrial area that consists a lot of automotive spare parts and workshops.

• It‘s located along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, north of the Suez Canal which is a strong point for exporting and importing material and care spare parts to serve the Automotive Industry.

• It‘s considered biggest crossing traffic port in the world blues it is the gate way for local Egyptian cargo.

• For the selected site in Port Said, there are few Industrial areas surrounding the selected site not as they exist in other zones.

• Poor Labour market efficiency.

• The level of higher education and training is low according to Automotive section.

WEAKNESSES

• To many automotive factories will provide job opportunities in future as they start to work.

• Strong growth expected in logistics in Mediterranean region.

OPPROTUNITIES

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STRENGTHS

• High dependence on private sector investors • Lack of green areas may cause more air pollution over time as the high density of population do.

THREATS

Conclusion This SWOT analysis offers a study of Port Said in order to maintain high rates of growth of education and training in automotive industry, as well as the flow of information.

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6.5 SELECTED SITE

Site 1

Site 2

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Points

Site 3

Community SITE 1

Landmarks Flexibility Accessibility Views

SITE 2

Site service Total Very Good

SITE 3

Good

Bad

The selected site is SITE 2

(Fig 5.5.2), the three cites location, New Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

According to the site section criteria and urban analysis we made a comparative analysis between the three sites, so site has no critical problem may affect the project but site one and three did not match the criteria.

139

07

Design Requirements

THIS CHAPTER INCLUDES DESIGN STANDARDS NEEDED TO BE CONSIDERED AS GUIDELINE TO MAKE AN APPROPRIATE PROGRAM FOR THE PROJECT.

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

07 CHAPTER

7.1 DEMOGRAPHICS STUDIES

October City is a town in the Governorate of Giza, a satellite town and part of the metropolitan region of Cairo, Egypt, 32 km (20 miles) outside the city. It has a population ranging from about 185,000 in the city to an estimated 500,000 people in the broader area 6 October was the capital of the now extinct Governorate 6 October. It‘s A modern city in the desert.

FEMALE

13.6% 52%

52% 48%

64%

20.50% 24.90% 48%

24.9%

64% 13.60%

20.5%

MALE The Giza community has been working in various professions for a long time, particularly people. It's not yet another thing where we need it to stay working in all categories CHILDREN (0 - 14 years) Encourage professional childcare and caregivers, parents, build and protection.

MIDDLE-AGED We have achieved the age of maturity according to their social standing. Most of them get married and others want to stay alone, and they have a friendship with each other.

YOUTH

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According to the customs in Egypt in general, females have a close bond with the house when they were very young before they were able to marry. They think about planning their priority and seeing the newest patterns of working in various jobs.

Youth (15 - 44 years) are the strength of every community and culture. They‘re the key factors that make this project stand out.

We have the resources and potentials to meet the scale of the project ELDERLY (+60 years ), the elderly people who support and encourage.

As well as some of them have rich background and experiences that they gained among years. This rich background will help the upcoming generations to preform better.

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7.2 SPACE PROGRAM

Proposed Services & Activities For Institute Of Body Shape Design

Educational Halls

Administration

Entertainment zone

Galleries

7.2.1 Definitions: 1. Workshops: A limited institution in which manufacturing or crafts are carried out under a typically brief intense education system for a fairly small number of participants, metalworking, electronics work, and many types of electronic prototyping may be done in workshops may focus on automotive repair or restoration 2. Educational Lecture Halls : A classroom is a learning area, a place where children and adults alike study. Classrooms are used in all sorts of educational establishments, ranging from preschools to colleges, and can also be seen in other areas where schooling or preparation is offered, such as businesses and social and charitable organizations.

3. Entertainment Zone: Activities to drive clients or prospective consumers out to shops, pubs, theatres, etc. and inspire them to do business 4. Administration: It‘s characterized as the act of duties, obligations, or rules of management administration is the act of the principal overseeing the teachers and staff in the classroom, and applying the school system laws.

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Workshops

5. Galleries: A platform or structure for the display of works of art a closed corridor open on one side or on both sides A colonnade as well

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07 CHAPTER

7.2.2 Detailed program :

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7.3 LAYOUT STANDARDS

Proposed Services & Activities For Institute Of Automotive Design

Educational Halls

Administration

Entertainment zone

Galleries

7.3.1 LAYOUT TYPES Rooms and spaces are arranged in different shapes according to several aspects, such as; function of the space, numbers of visitors and their needs from the particular space, displaying way, etc‌ 1. Open Plan: function rooms in basement, and free circulation.

2. Main room in the center and side rooms: main orientation of the center room to side room display 3. Linear chain: controlled circulation with obvious start and an end with separate exit and entrance.

4. Labyrinth: free movement within the space, free orientation, and free direction 5. Complex: collection of multiple different organization features 6. Round Tour: controlled circulation leads back to the entrance

2

1

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Workshops

3 4

5

66

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Administration

Entertainment zone

Galleries

7.4.1 Workshop Zone Educational Institution: Repetitive provision for class or group of 20-40 students

Mixed Workshop: 150 m2

Metal work

Metal work

Packing

Production

Drilling

Fig (7.4.1.1) workshop (Neufert,2000)

Fig (7.4.1.2) workshop (Neufert,2000)

Repair Workshop: 47 m2

Outgoing Items

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Educational Zone

Fig (7.4.1.3) workshop (Neufert,2000)

* All of the above figures are only examples of workshops standards and these dimensions can be modified with respect of size ratio Fig (7.4.1.4) workshop (Neufert,2000)

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Entertainment zone

Administration

Galleries

7.4.1 Workshop Zone Platemaking

•

Machine workshops 93 M 2 Outgoing Presses

•

Small Factory 370 M 2

Chemicals

Fig (7.4.1.5) workshop (Neufert,2000)

2 1

Guillotine

3

5 4

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Educational Zone

(Fig 7.4.1.7) Windows in workshops (Neufert, 2000)

(Fig 7.4.1.6) Trolleys used in a workshop environment (Neufert, 2000)

1. Workplace regulations, low sill height.

2. Ventilation, high level tilting windows.

3. Sufficient daylight into the middle of the shop, high window.

4. Safety regulations, safe handing of glass sheets.

5. Sun can be shaded out on the southern side e.g. using roof overhang.

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Entertainment zone

Administration

Galleries

7.4.2 Educational Zone LECTURE HALLS

Lecture rooms are designed mainly as education content and information delivery to groups, but may also be used for interactive learning and discussion. The spaces are also to be multi-purpose in nature enabling flexible layouts enable Active Learning for medium size groups.

3 6 1

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Teaching Station Floor box Ceiling-recessed for projection screen Ceiling loud speakers Video projector Wall switchers

Fig (7.4.2.1) Lecture Hall (Campus Technology Space Standards,2019) 3 5

1

3

1

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Educational Zone

Fig (7.4.2.2) Lecture Hall (Campus Technology Space Standards,2019)

2

Room and Spaces Planning Requirements: • 5

4

•

Rectangular, with ability to divide room into smaller square spaces Preferred proportions of 1:1.7 Maximum variation 1:2

Design occupancy • 25 to 40 persons Area • Approx. 1m2/person, depending on desired layout

Fig (7.4.2.3) Lecture Hall (Campus Technology Space Standards,2019)

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Administration

Entertainment zone

Galleries

7.4.2 Educational Zone CONFERANCE HALLS Conference rooms can be set up in specific ways, based on the intent of the conference.

And just before a conference, the furniture can be conveniently relocated to satisfy the different needs of each audience. Commonly used models consist of : • • • •

Auditorium Style Banquet Style Hollow Square Style Classroom (each attendee have their own small desk space)

• • • •

Cinema (Like Classroom but without a desk) U-Shape Style Conference Style

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Educational Zone

(Fig 7.4.2.4) rows arrangement (Neufert, 2000)

(Fig 7.4.2.5) conference seating arrangement (Neufert, 2000)

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Entertainment zone

Administration

Galleries

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Educational Zone

7.4.3 Administration

5 4 6 3 9 1

2

7

8 2

Fig (7.4.3.1) Administration (building design standards,2017)

1. Reception/Waiting Area Place the reception/waiting area where visitors and students can access it easily

4. Assistant Principal’s Office

2. Clerical Work Area Separate the reception/waiting area from the clerical work area with a counter

5. School Management Support Specialist (SMSS) Office

3. Principal’s Office The principal's office should have direct access to the clerical work area.

The assistant principal‘s office should have direct access to the confidential student records area

This office should have easy access to the principal and assistant principal.

6. Conference Room Furnish to accommodate meetings of up to 10 people.

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7.4 STANDARDS Administration Area

7. Student Records Room Provide a separate, secure, fire resistant area for storage of confidential records.

Area

M2

1

Reception/Waiting Area

19

8. Work/Copy Room

2

Clerical Work Area

28

The work/copy room contains space for a copy machine, refrigerator, and counter areas to accommodate a sink, microwave, coffee pot, fax machine, and other tabletop equipment

3

Principal's Office

19

4

Assistant Principal's Office

16

5

SMSS Office

9

6

Conference Room

19

7

Student Records Room

7

8

Work/Copy Room

9

9

Mail Room

9

9. Mail Room The mail room will provide mail slots for distribution of correspondence to school staff.

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No.

200 sq ft Office 150 sq ft Meeting Office (6-Person)

300 sq ft Meeting Office (12-Person)

Fig (7.4.3.2) Administration (Neufert,2000) 1.20 m

1.50 m

1.95m

Projector Screen

4 People

4-6 People 6-8 People Fig (7.4.3.3) Meeting table (Neufert,2000)

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Administration

Entertainment zone

Galleries

SPORTS HALL

Fig (7.4.4.1) Basketball, (Neufert, 2000).

• •

Fig (7.4.4.2) Football, (Neufert, 2000).

Minimum margin at sides and ends 1m where separators present 2m in Basketball Stadium Minimum margin at sides and ends 6m in Football Stadium

GYM

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Educational Zone 7.4.4 Entertainment Zone

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Entertainment zone

Administration

Galleries

RESTURANT

Adjoining room

Bar

Empties room

Dining room

waiters

Delivery stairs

WC

Entra nce Fig (7.4.4.3) Tables dimensions, ((Neufert, 2000).

Kitchen WC

Cold store

Fig (7.4.4.4) Functional layout, ((Neufert, 2000).

Tables Arrangements In Restaurants

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Educational Zone 7.4.4 Entertainment Zone

Fig (7.4.4.5) Tables Arrangement((Neufert, 2000).

• Square tables minimum standard dimensions occupying from 2 - 12 persons • Round tables minimum standard dimensions occupying from 2 - 18 persons Fig (7.4.4.6) Tables Arrangement((Neufert, 2000).

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Administration

Entertainment zone

Galleries

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Educational Zone 7.4.4 Entertainment Zone RESTURANT Services

Banquette

Decorative Screen

Banquette

Entrance

Waiter‘s Desk Fig (7.4.4.7) Tables Arrangement, ((Neufert, 2000).

(Fig 7.4.4.8) Vegetable preparation (Neufert, 2000)

Waiter‘s station

(Fig 7.4.4.9) Vegetable preparation (Neufert, 2000)

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7.4 STANDARDS

Workshops

Administration

Entertainment zone

Galleries

7.4.5 Galleries zone CAR SHOWROOM • It is a large space used to display products or show entertainment.

• It is a permanent enclosed space used to present a performance. Sometimes it is customized for a particular show.

There are three main areas to consider:

Car Dimensions in from several perspectives that show possibilities of car arrangements.

Fig (7.4.5.1)side view (houseplanshelper)(Author, 2020).

• The area above the hood of the vehicle • The central roof area • The amount of space that will be available depends on the height of the door Example of Space Arrangement Showroom

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Educational Zone

Office

Classroom

Store Fluids Room

Tools Room

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7.5 DESIGN REQUIRMENTS 7.5.1 Functional Requirements: Automotive Institute Activity Requirements : 1- Workshops 2-Theaters.

Workshops

Fig (7.5.1.1)Car Workshops, (Author, 2020).

Activity Needs • • • •

Car lift area : in order to see underneath the car Workbench area.

Mechanical equipment.

Durable floorings: Epoxy Floorings help in preventing the damage to base concrete caused by frequent oil spillage, tools dropping, wear & tare due to vehicle movements. At the same time, it also enhances the life of base concrete and makes it easy to cleaning & maintain.

• The height of the workshop should be at least 5m.

•

Car lift in workshops details and dimensions .

Fig (7.5.1.2)Car Workshops, (Author, 2020).

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In the automotive institute the students should train on physical cars and spare parts in the workshop part of the institute.

Fig (7.5.1.3)car lifter., (author, 2020).

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7.5 DESIGN REQUIRMENTS Ventilation in the institute:

Fig (7.5.1.4)Ridge Vent., (Pinterest, 2020).

•

Fig ()sun shading techniques., (author, 2020).

Other types of natural ventilation using positive and negative pressures and the difference between air densities as shown in the images.

Fig ()air movement inside building, (author, 2020).

Illumination: Skylights :Nothing is more rational than taking advantage of natural lighting as a guarantee of improving the spatial quality of buildings and saving energy. The knowledge of the finitude of natural resources and the demands to minimize energy usage have gradually limited the importance of artificial lighting systems, pushing architects to search for more effective design solutions.

Keeping this aim in mind, various operations for capturing natural light were adopted.

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• Ridge vents are a long term quick fix solution to keep the workshop shed well ventilated.

The ridge vent is built into the workshop roof and works particularly well on high-pitched roofs.

The vent allows you to continuously exchange air in the workshop with the lightest of breezes, usually replacing the entire volume of air in the shed a few times an hour. You can compare this to the summer parking of your car with the windows up, compared to the windows down.

A well-designed workshop with adequate ridge ventilation can reduce the inside temperature by as much as 10 degrees. unlike "whirly birds," there are no moving parts to be worn and squeaked, and they move a much higher volume of air than they do.

Fig (7.5.1.5)skylights, (Archdaily, 2014).

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7.6 DESIGN GUIDLINES 7.6.1 Regulations Egypt, 6TH OCTOBER CITY According to The Urban Communities Authority said that there are building requirements for 6TH of October City. 

Target Student



Total Area of the Floors

40000 m2



Ratio of Building Area

40 m2/student



Maximum Floors of the Building

4 floors



Maximum Height of the Building

15 m



Built-up Area =



Total Area

1000 student

Number of floors

= 1000 m2 (Fig 7.6.1.1) Dimension of site (Google maps , edited by author, 2020)

25000 m2 20%

40%

BUILT-UP AREA LANDSCAPE PARKING 40%

(Fig 7.6.1.2) regulation chart (author, 2020)

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Total Area

(Fig 7.6.1.3) regulation (author, 2020)

157

08 SUSTAINABILITY THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES AND APPROACHES OF SUSTAINABILITY. THIS CHAPTER SHOWS THESE TYPES AND HOW THEY REFLECT ON THE SOCIETY. THESE TYPES ARE: SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND ECONOMIC SUSTAINABILITY.

SUSTAINABILITY

08 CHAPTER

8.1 SUSTAINABILITY DEFINITIONS 8.1.1 General Definition : Avoiding the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance.

8.1.2 Architectural Definition : "Sustainable architecture can be defined as the construction of structures for which only renewable resources are used through the design, quality and implementation strategy. Thus the design role for sustainable architecture should also include the construction and transport of resources and materials, components, building equipment and performance. "(nzdl.org, 2011) 8.1.3 The Three Approaches Of Sustainability :

8.2.1 General Definition : Environmental sustainability is the rate of renewable resource harvesting, pollution generation and non-renewable resource depletion that can be perpetuated indefinitely. If they can not be continued indefinitely, they are not sustainable.

8.2.2 Architectural Definition : Sustainable architecture is an architecture that seeks to minimize the negative environmental impact of buildings through efficiency and moderation in the use of materials , energy and space for development and the ecosystem as a whole.

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8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

There Are Certain Environmental Design And Construction Factors Include The Following:

Waste and recycling management

Energy efficiency

Water Management

Air Quality Conservation

Adaption To And Mitigation Of Climate Change

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8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 8.2.3 Goals:

Environmental conservation is aimed at the protection of natural resources and the creation of alternative Power sources, while at the same time reducing pollution and damaging the environment.

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Overall, the environmental sustainability performance assessment process is based on a number of components as shown below: - Emissions to air - Greenhouse gas production - Releases to water - Contamination of land -Waste management - Use of non-renewable resources - Use of renewable natural resources Sam 8.2.4 Passive Ventilation: Passive ventilation is a natural ventilation system that uses natural forces, such as wind and thermal buoyancy, to circulate air from and to indoor space.

These ventilation systems are designed to regulate the temperature of the indoor air as well as to bring in fresh air and to send out stale air. This is largely achieved by opening and closing windows and vents that act as both an air source and an exhaust.

How Does Passive Ventilation Work?

3 Ways That Passive Ventilation Can Work:

Wind-driven Ventilation arising from different pressures created by winds around a building.

Single-sided ventilation

(Fig 8.2.4.1) glazing daylighting description (window master, 2019)

Buoyancy-driven Ventilation Night Cooling created by forces resulting The heat absorbed by a building's from the temperature exposed thermal mass during the day is released to the indoor air at night, after difference between the interior and exterior of a building which it is purged by night ventilation Stack Ventilation Cross Ventilation

(Fig 8.2.4.2) moving of fresh air in building in humid hot region (window master, 2019)

(Fig 8.2.4.3 ) facilitate cross ventilation (window master ,2019)

(Fig 8.2.4.4) natural Ventilation(window master,2019)

160

SUSTAINABILITY

08

8.2 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

CHAPTER

Window Shading Types To Use In Passive Ventilation: Most effective shading

Bottom three shading devices are suitable for all orientation if movable shading fins.

They are effective solar shading, but reduce daylighting and winter solar gain so use with care.

Design sliding/inward-opening windows, which do not impede natural ventilation. Design top inward-opening ‗hopper‘ windows for night cooling (h.).

5 Key Benefits Of Passive Ventilation:

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(Fig 8.2.4.5)window shading types (window master ,2018)

• Reduced costs. As passive ventilation systems rely on natural forces, save significantly on building‘s energy consumption and therefore save significantly energy bills.

• Low maintenance. Passive ventilation does not require costly maintenance, further reducing costs as well as saving time and effort.

• Cleaner air. Passive ventilation systems ensure that clean air is flowing throughout the building at all times. This will improve air quality which, in turn, will improve the health of the occupants of the building and increase productivity and concentration levels.

• Consistency. Passive ventilation ensures that each room is supplied with the right amount of both cool and warm air, keeping the temperature constant and at a pleasant level. This also removes the need to constantly adjust the system.

• Reduced carbon emissions. By implementing a passive ventilation system in your building, helping reduce carbon emissions.

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8.3 ECONOMICAL SUSTAINABILITY

CHAPTER

8.3.1 General Definition: Economic sustainability refers to practices that promote long-term economic growth without having a negative impact on the social, environmental and cultural aspects of the community.

8.3.2 Architectural Definition: Sustainable buildings typically have lower annual costs for energy , water, maintenance / repair, churn (reconfiguration of space due to changing needs) and other operating costs. ... In addition to direct cost savings, sustainable buildings can provide indirect economic benefits for both the building owner and society.

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Economic Sustainability Impact In The Long Run In All Aspects: • At a global level: • Global energy efficiency measures could save an estimated €280 to €410 billion in savings on energy spending (and the equivalent to almost double the annual electricity consumption of the United States) – European Commission, 2015.

• At a building level: • Building owners report that green buildings - whether new or renovated command a 7 per cent increase in asset value over traditional buildings – Dodge (Fig 8.2.4.6 ) Green Architecture (Pinterest,2020) Data & Analytics, 2016.

8.4 SOCIAL SUSTAINABILITY 8.4.1 General Definition: Social sustainability occurs when formal and informal processes; systems; structures; and relationships actively support the capacity of current and future generations to build healthy and viable communities.

8.4.2 Architectural Definition: It's a system that's connected to locations that have an impact on comfort.

Involve what people need in the area where they live or work(Magee, Liam; James, Paul; Scerri, Andy, 2012) .

The topics that social sustainability concept integrates include but are not limited to; health and social equity, human rights, labor rights, practices and decent working conditions, social responsibility and justice, community development and well-being, product responsibility, community resilience, and cultural competence.

Community

Human Rights

Different Culture

Safe Community Different Activities

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This chapter illustrates the start up point of the design process, from thinking and coming up with architectural sketches to confirm different concepts to be the head line of designing the project

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9.1 AYA MOHAMED SLOGAN : Educate the present to Create the Future .

AIM : To increase its efficiency in the global fields in which it operates by educating students how to built, maintain, fix, and develop spare parts in Automotive Industry

VISION : Build it as a landmark or iconic site to serve the 6th October city as there is lack of Automotive Educational Institute that are specialized in this field.

Building The Automotive Educational Institute will serve 6th October city & student and investors will come aboard .

OBJECTIVES : After studied all of the social, environmental, urban fabric, and other architectural aspects, my objective is to turn students into the Automotive sector by attracting them by the Educational curriculum and practical workshops. That might benefit the marketing and the Automotive Industry.

INSPIRATIONS : This type of Educational Institutes is mainly inspired from projects that have nearly the same typology of it that are existed in other countries. It‘s inspired from creativity that will encourage the transference of learning within and beyond the organization.

PROJECT TARGET : As its corporate social responsibility program, The Automotive Industry Exporters Group has proposed the establishment of a school to address the need for skilled workers in the field

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MISSION:

(Fig. 9.1.1) car manufacturing (Author, 2020)

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9.1 AYA MOHAMED 9.1.1 CONCEPT I Relation to the role of the project to the community

(Fig. 9.1.1.1) car turbine (carbodydesign, 2019)

Seeing this concept applied of the project will be presented as: These turbines will present the stepped levels of the Automotive Educational Project as internal zones

Body shape of the car that present a zone in the project

(Fig. 9.1.1.2) elevation of car turbine (carbodydesign, 2019)

Transition circulation inside the building (vertical circulation)

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS The smoothness of Cars body is an inspiration of building as well, as it provides the ability of good air movement which helps in wind circulation as it goes on windward side and out on leeward side to achieve environmental balance in letting prevailing wind through and around the building.

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First concept main idea is inspired from the Car Turbine in Sport Cars. This turbine is likely to be look the same from elevation as stepped and overlapping levels of building with circulation functions.

The target of this concept is to make it as a landmark to be seen so that students recognize it and attract them over.

(Fig. 9.1.1.3) sketch shows car body shape (Author, 2020)

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9.1 AYA MOHAMED 9.1.1 CONCEPT I Relation to the role of the project to the community TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES Navigator in Space

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First of all, especially if a building is large, it can be incredibly tough to get the reception you need to use with a GPS navigation system. And even if you could get reception inside of your building, there likely isn‘t an app available with a clear indoor map of the buildings, points-of -interest such as available conference rooms, food locations, and offices, and directions to get you to them in the quickest way possible. No matter the size of your building, how many people work there, or what kind of work goes on in the space, the truth is that everyone just wants to be able to get where they‘re going without all the stress and headaches.

Fig (9.1.1.4) Indoor Navigator system (logicjunction,2020)

This application can be more beneficial for the handicapped people ( students ). For example; there is a QR code might guide them to the nearest ramp (for wheelchair users) so it make it easier for the to reach their destination with less effort.

At first, the user need to create a digital map of your space.

The most exact and simplest way to do this is through the use of computer-aided drawings or CADs. CADs create both two and three-dimensional models of your building. They are often used by architects, landscapers, and other designers to help them to get a better feel of the space they‘re working with.

Fig (9.1.1.5) QR signing (saline Journal,2017)

Fig (9.1.1.6)Indoor Positioning (geospatialworld,2019)

Fig (9.1.1.7)Indoor Positioning (itechcraft,2019)

Fig (9.1.1.8)Indoor Positioning (geospatialworld,2019)

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9.1 AYA MOHAMED 9.1.2 CONCEPT II Relation to Theme Of Project and site Impact This concept is more related to the site, the relation between the entrances and exits as I respect the conditions related to site. Circulation, wind direction, and other architecture aspects.

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Site high impact is an important aspect that help in dividing masses to form buildings within the site to create a Streamlined paths that in line with the site circumstances.

Massing studies • Progression of simple design process from geometric shape leading to detailed massing then input into site context

Single mass

Split

Shift

Pull

• Relation between masses and landscape, harmony and overlap

Put into site context

Shift

By splitting and shifting method, different shapes can be organized and made.

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9.1 AYA MOHAMED 9.1.2 CONCEPT II Relation to Theme Of Project and site Impact INSPIRATIONS From Similar Educational Case Study

(Fig 9.1.2.1) AEU, Archdaily (Author, 2020)

Concept Followed Program

In this Automotive Industry Exporters Union Technical and Industrial School, the followed concept is the formation of the masses depending on the respect of the theme of the project as it‘s an Educational Theme. So, the circulation should be smooth and easy for students to feel comfortable while moving within zones and spaces. In addition, the relation between indoor and outdoor spaces.

Split

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This concept is mainly inspired from similar examples for Automotive Educational Institutes concept and diagram. This Automotive Institute (Automotive Industry Exporters Union Technical and Industrial School) basically depended on the masses and the strong relationship between function & form shown in cubical forms and shapes. Reassessed parts and extruded parts and composition that are clear in the and clarifies the harmony.

Volume

Form

(Fig 9.1.2.3) AEU, Archdaily (Author, 2020)

(Fig 9.1.2.2) Gallery of Chappell Smith, 2012(Author,2020)

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9.1.2 CONCEPT II Relation to Theme Of Project TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES PHOTOCHROMIC GLASS

Photochromics may be useful in conjunction with day-lighting, allowing just enough light through for lighting purposes, while cutting out Fig (9.1.2.3) Photochromic Glass, (sageglass ,2018) excess sunlight that creates glare and overloads the cooling system. Although small units have been produced in volume as a consumer product, cost-effective, large, durable glazings for windows are not yet commercially available.

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Photochromic materials change their transparency in response to light intensity. These materials have been used in glasses that change from clear in the dim indoor light to dark in the bright outdoors.

Fig (9.1.2.4) Photochromic Glass details, (Inhabitat,2011)

Advantages: • Does not require additional power sources and controller connections • Ease of installation • Allows to save on air conditioning facilities in summer period.

• Due to its light transmission capacity, such glasses provide optimal lighting in the room, as well as thermal comfort

The stronger the sun light, the darker the light control film becomes.

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9.1 AYA MOHAMED 9.1.3 CONCEPT III Relation to Form and Flexibility This concept is mainly about serving the form, flexibility, circulation, and interaction between indoor and outdoor spaces. Creating paths to perform better harmony and create open public spaces for youth (students) and passages for pedestrians. As well as to link between people from all ages and to be in line with the urban texture.

4 Different zones

Public access at ground floor

Zones/Spaces

Proximity & Cohesion

Orientation

Fig (9.1.3.2) Relation between paths and spaces , (Author,2020)

Fig (9.1.3.1) relation between paths and spaces , (Author,2020)

Fig (8.1.3.2) shows the flow of the paths, zones forming paths that connect spaces together in a relationship that make the movement within the space and accessibility easier..

INSPIRATIONS : Selรงuk Culture and Youth Center The voronoi cells of the voids of the parcel are being combined according to the program given to create bigger volumes. The small scale program just fits inside the cells and creates narrow public streets in between, for pedestrian flow.

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Paths

Plan

Section

Fig (9.1.3.3)Selรงuk Culture and Youth Center, (Aboutblank,2016)

3D

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9.1 AYA MOHAMED 9.1.3 CONCEPT III Relation to Form / Space TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES Pavegen Tiles Technology

Fig (9.1.3.4) Pavegen Tiles , (solarimpulse,2020).

Experts also connect to people‘s smartphones, showing how much energy is being harvested and converting this into rewards and permission-based relationship data.

The tiles are made of almost 100 percent recycled materials (mostly rubber) and stainless steel of a marine quality. They can be retrofitted to current buildings and are durable as well as built to be able to survive temperatures outdoors.

Fig (9.1.3.5) Pavegen Tiles , (solarimpulse,2017).

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The Pavegen technology is a flooring system which transfers pedestrian kinetic energy into electrical energy and data. As humans step onto the top surface, their weight causes generators to rotate under the tiles, generating offgrid power through electro-magnetic induction.

The walkways are fitted with wireless technologies to relay knowledge about how people communicate with them.

Fig (9.1.3.6) Pavegen Tiles , (Solar-power, 2020).

Fig (9.1.3.7) Pavegen Tiles , (solarimpulse,2020).

Fig (9.1.3.8) Pavegen Tiles , (pinterest, 2020).

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9.1 AYA MOHAMED 9.1.4 SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH

Architects committed to sustainable architecture focus on building design that utilizes materials and construction methods that lessen the impact of development on the environment both during the construction process and once the building has been completed and is in use.

1. Active Sustainable Design.

(Fig.9.1.4.1) Active sustainability (Insidermonkey 2017)

2. Passive Sustainable Design.

Passive approaches include taking advantage of natural environment variables, such as the sun's angle and climatic conditions.

This helps builders to control day-lighting, and natural lighting and ventilation thus reducing the house‘s energy requirements.

(Fig.9.1.4.2) Passive sustainability ( whitesales, 2020)

3. Renewable Energy Systems.

Technologies are mostly used in combination with various passive architecture approaches which include those that harness solar and wind energy. Other common technologies include solar thermal panels, heat pumps from the ground and air supplies.

(Fig.9.1.4.3) renewable ( thehimalayantimes, 2018)

4. Storm-water Management.

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It includes numerous engineers constructing and installing highly effective HVAC, electrical and plumbing systems.

Energy-efficiency also focuses on having a welldesigned building structure with superior insulation capable of absorbing, retaining and removing steam, thereby allowing nature to help make the construction work.

Plumbing engineers design storm drains that channel water away from buildings. Downspouts from gutters have traditionally been connected to storm drains, but in the interests of sustainability (Fig.9.1.4.4) storm-water( HMC Architects 2018)

5. Indigenous Landscaping.

Landscaping may also be used as a part of sustainable passive design. For example, planting trees that will shade windows an d even house roofing on hot days decreases the gain of solar heat inside the home.

(Fig.9.4.1.5) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018)

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AUTHOR 2 MAHMOUD ABD ELAZEEM 151887 174

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8.1 MAHMOUD ABD ELAZEEM SLOGAN : Believe Bigger. Aim Higher.

AIM : The aim of the project is to educating student ABOUT AUTOMOTIVE TO raise up the Automotive Industry in Egypt

MISSION : Provide a center of excellence for the development of job skills, career, and technical education to those who seek a better life.

OBJECTIVES : Developing knowledge, understanding and technical skills for registrants , Submit certificates of excellence in car service so that students can work and compete in the automotive industry , and Exceeding customer expectations

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VISION : Foster positive change through self-empowerment, education, and professional training to provide job skills, opportunities and hopeenabling our community to build better lives.

(Fig. 3.1.1.1) car manufacturing (Author, 2020)

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8.1 MAHMOUD ABD ELAZEEM CONCEPT 1 : The form is inspired by nature. It transforms the nature element into architectural components instead of straight forward geometrical elements. The architects aim to create a fluid and rich visual impression,

Inspirations

Fukuoka Prefectural International Hall ,Japan

Jump Can Health institute / Huajian ,

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The building has a delicate spatial arrangement in which each space has respective orientation and size, creating a powerful massing relationship and elegant light change.

Nan yang university , Singapore

Kura Yoshi square ,japan

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TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : Intriguing Atrium.  Provides a source of natural day lighting  Reduces energy costs  Show an extraordinary façade

Intriguing Atrium.

Double glazed

Green Roof: Has a vital advantage of how to reduce the negative impact of air pollution. reduce noise , isolate carbon

Pavegen Tiles Walking over the Pavegen tile, renewable energy is generated from the pressure of the footstep, and this pressure generates kinetic energy which is converted into electricity through Pavegen technology. Pavegen tiles can be used in outdoor spaces (pedestrians and in-site vehicular streets) to power the outdoor lighting; It can also be used in indoor spaces to sustain energy inside the INSTITUTE

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curtain wall

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8.1 MAHMOUD ABD ELAZEEM CONCEPT 2 :

Car curved body design

conceptual sketch ( author, 2020 ) car curves (Google , 2020)

The main idea of the first concept is related to the idea of the auto industry project, as the idea was taken from the curved shape in the body of the car

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car curves (Google , 2020)

From the outside, the architecture indicates the winding landscape of the surrounding area. It becomes a curved facade consisting of white aluminum panels and characterized by smoothness and sharpness Elevation sketch ( author, 2020 )

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INSPIRATION :

CAIRO EXPO CITY

THEME PAVILION , NORTH KOREA

ISENBERG SCHOOL , USA.

AALTO UNIVERSITY

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UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON

BOBIGNY SCHOOL

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TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : LOUVERS

LEIA 3D DISPLAY SYSTEM

imagine that a movie or picture you can actually touch it, modify it in the air as you can see it in three diminsional ways with out even glasses. This brand new system is Leia X-300. Its a simple device attachs to the ceiling and drops a mist up to 3 meters down. This mist shows the image or the movie you qwant to show as it gives you the ability to move the content with a swing of your hands and also modify it in 3 dimensions.

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Using mechanical louvers to control a daylight. This project created by a cuttingedge façade system that is made-up of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) capable of being morphed into a number of animated patterns. The integration of the moving lamellas within the building‘s skin

It can be used in workshops that help students develop their innovations easily in 3 dimensions.

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8.1 MAHMOUD ABD ELAZEEM CONCEPT 3:

Car trails

Trails (Google , 2020)

layout sketch ( author , 2020)

section sketch (author , 2020)

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This concept is inspired by the paths that the car leaves on the ground, and this pattern addresses the natural cycle of the project and covers the project with a green layer to maintain the temperature in the comfort zone .. The project got many paths to facilitate the movement of cars inside the project and provides shade to people.

INSPIRATION

UQAM'S UNIVERSITY

OREGON HATFIELD COMPANY

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TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES : aluminum panels are distinguished by: Very durable ,It retains its original properties for many years, Flame resistant, decrease building sound and noise level

It is used for decrease the sun light that enter the buildings and to decrease the heat gain from all over the day as the sun there very powerful. It also work on cooling the air that enter the building

Green facades

A training system for green plants that allows of green facades . It could be applied for external faรงade and interior designs or virtual divisions between different function zones

The green solution system consist of fasteners , cables rods and fitting that are applied according to the need of the project.

Most of these materials are manufactured in stainless steel

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Shading

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AUTHOR 3 MOHAMED RASHED 155009 183

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8.3.1 Concept Overview SLOGAN :

Driving to the Future..

AIM & OBJECTIVES : seeking for educate how to integrate production from the automotive industry, in addition to marketing to produce a new Egyptian brand

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VISION : Foster positive change through self-empowerment, education, and professional training to provide job skills, opportunities MISSION : Providing education and services that help enterprises grow, communities prosper and individuals reach their full potential.

(Fig.8.3.1.1) automotive study ( author, 2020)

(Fig.8.3.1.2) relation between zones ( author, 2020)

OBJECTIVES : Providing certificates of excellence in car service so that students can work and compete in the automotive industry, in addition to attracting students to study, as the 6th October city is characterized by a large number of students

(Fig.8.3.1.3) site analysis( author, 2020)

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8.3 MOHAMED RASHED 8.3.2 Concept I

―BUILT OF STABILIZATION ―

The shape is inspired by the car chassis, as it consists of two wheels attached to the front and two at the back, which are connected by a column to shift the movement.

(Fig.8.3.2.2) concept I ( author, 2020)

(Fig.8.3.2.3) concept I ( author, 2020)

The first concept depends mainly on the structural configuration of the car chassis, as it is divided into two parts that are linked to an longitudinal element .....

It represents each tire in a separate block in the building linked by a small column and the primary element was responsible for the classes where It is considered the most important part of the project and it's responsible for movement.

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(Fig.8.3.2.1) concept I ( author, 2020)

(Fig.8.3.2.4) concept I ( author, 2020)

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8.3 MOHAMED RASHED 8.3.3 Concept II

―COLLECTING THE TECHNOLOGY ―

(Fig.8.3.3.1) concept II ( author, 2020)

(Fig.8.3.3.2) concept II ( author, 2020)

• The tent represents the body of the car where the component buildings are combined to confirm the idea of interconnecting the blocks of the project under one tent.

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• The study at the institute depends on inclusiveness and expansion in the field of cars. The study of car body design is one of the advantages of the institute in addition to that it is the only place specialized in studying everything related to industry.

• Therefore, the second concept is based on the idea of ​representing auto parts in separate buildings, as was the study in Egypt, where each specialization was done separately • so all buildings were attached under one tent to clarify the main idea of ​the building

(Fig.8.3.3.3) concept II ( author, 2020)

(Fig.8.3.3.4) concept II ( author, 2020)

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8.3 MOHAMED RASHED 8.3.4 Concept III

―CENTER OF POWER―

(Fig.8.3.4.2) concept III plan (author, 2020)

• The third concept depends on presenting the basic and main principle of the movement of the car, where there is a driver chair and is the controller in the full movement of the car • Therefore, the administrative building is located in the center, and it is responsible for linking all the components of the mass to each other, which allows easy movement.

• The left wing was rotated slightly to direct to the north, where this part represented the educational section

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(Fig.8.3.4.1) driver chair ( driving , 2011)

(Fig.8.3.4.3) concept III plan (author, 2020)

(Fig.8.3.4.5) zoning ( author, 2020)

(Fig.8.3.4.4) concept III plan (author, 2020)

• The zoning depend on the kinematic arrangement of the spaces and the appropriate directions for natural ventilation and lighting

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8.3 MOHAMED RASHED 8.3.4 TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY Invisible solar harvesting technology

Solar harvesting systems need not be glaringly apparent. In fact , thanks to researchers at Michigan State University (MSU) who have developed a transparent luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) that can be applied to windows or anything else with a clear surface, they can now even be invisible.

(Fig. 8.3.4.1 ) cement light , (IACC,2017)

(Fig. 8.3.4.2 ) cement light , (IACC,2017)

Double Skin Glass Double-skin faรงades Double Skin Glass Double-skin faรงades are a solution for construction, providing a range of energy-saving advantages. Heated air from the double faรงade cavity rises to the top of the solar chimney, which creates free heating for the winter building. In the summer, the chimney draws hot air from the rooftop of the faรงade cavity.

(Fig. 8.3.4.3 ) double skin , (gaurdian,2015)

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The invisible solar harvesting system is used in glass to act like the solar system but in transparent glass, so as not to opaque the view from the inside or from the outside as I used it in the Exploratorium, which should be interacting with each other. This is not a new technology, but the transparent aspect is. The past attempts have resulted in ineffective results with colorful materials.

(Fig. 8.3.4.4 ) double skin detail, (archdaily,2016)

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8.3 MOHAMED RASHED 8.3.4 TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY It's easy, using solar power. A brilliant fellow, Brazilian Alberto Moser, came up with a basic but innovative idea of using a 2-liter plastic water bottle stuck in his home's roof to have a 50-watt bulb equivalent!

(Fig. 8.3.4.5 ) solar tube lighting details , (Transition Town Payson,2011)

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Solar Tube Lighting Solar lighting tubes work to provide natural daylight in spaces by numerous reflections within the tube before they enter the interior spaces, their purpose is almost identical to that of skylights, but solar tubes can enter the interior spaces that conventional windows and skylights can not penetrate.

They are also considered environmentally friendly as it reduces the need for electricity and keeps users in touch with the surrounding environment. They can also screen ultraviolet rays and sun's infrarot rays which can cause overheating in the interior.

(Fig. 8.3.4.6) solar tube lighting, (inhabitat,2017)

The Solatube Smart LED Light combines the best daylight with electric light. The tube contains small LED lights which switch on and off automatically when light levels fall below a set minimum. As the sun fades, or if it goes behind a cloud, the LED lights are turned on so that light in the room is constant.

(Fig. 8.3.4.7 ) solar tube lighting, (inhabitat,2017)

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8.3.4 TECHNOLOGICAL STUDY Pavegen Tiles Pave gen is a technology developed by paving slab tiles to transform energy from (Fig. 8.3.4.8) Pave gen the footsteps of people into electricity.

Tiles (Jordah,2018) Such floor tiles generate electricity through deformation of the material under a load.

It can be stored for a host of different uses.

Pave gen technology offers first realistic way for people to participate in renewable energy development.

(Fig. 8.3.4.9 ) Pave gen Tiles (Fig. 8.3.4.10 ) Pave gen Tiles Technique ( content et al.,2018) (portaltewntyone.com,2018) Adaptive Solar Faรงade The exterior of the building greatly affects how much heat needs to be applied or removed to maintain a healthy indoor environment. Given that these processes differ across the year, the A / S Research Team has built an adaptive solar facade. The project puts together the latest developments in architecture, energy technology and robotics. This is the largest structure in architecture to demonstrate soft robotics.

(Fig. 8.3.4.11 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) , (systems.arch ,2011) With a lightweight structure, the sensitive, mobile photovoltaic modules may be mounted on the building envelope. Therefore, they are ideal for restoration as well as for new building projects. Because of their reduced weight these can also be placed to places that are not appropriate in conventional solar systems.

Nevertheless, the modules are not only (Fig. 8.3.4.12 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) , lightweight and flexible but they are also (systems.arch ,2011) multifunctional. They also provide inside shading and daylight control as well as individual adjustment of the occupant's point of view. The faรงade is also designed for energy storage: in the case of excess water, the surplus is transformed to pressurized air, which can be stored and used for later adjustment of mobile modules when there is no electricity in the event of bad weather. The facade has a distinctive, dynamic look, with modules constantly responding to environmental (Fig. 8.3.4.13 ) Adaptive Solar Facade changes.

(ASF) Detail , (systems.arch ,2011)

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8.3 MOHAMED RASHED 8.3.5 SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH

"Sustainable Development is the improvement that collectes the issues of the present without compromising the capacity of future eras to address their own issues" Press, 1983).

Pillars of sustainability Social Sustainability  Social Sustainability  Economical Sustainability  Environmental Sustainability

Use renewable energy is energy derived from renewable energy resources that are natural such as sunlight , wind , rain and waves.

Renewable energy helps humans supply electricity, generation, air and water heating / cooling, transportation, in 4 important things.

(Fig. 8.3.5.1 )Sustainability Ecological Shield, (casa architect ,2018)

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Sustainability Ecological Shield Concept The ecological shield is the environmental shield that protects the building in order to ensure full sustainability.

It also consists of various forms of renewable energy that can include solar cells for energy conservation and also has the capacity to monitor the atmosphere in the building as it controls temperature and humidity and isolates non-preferable issues such as noise and lateral forces specifically the wind effect.

(Fig. 8.3.5.2 ) sustainability approach , (casa architect ,2018)

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AUTHOR 4 REEM AYMAN 154439 192

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9.4.1 REEM AYMAN SLOGAN Developing future ,developing economic AIM To serve tourism and commercial in Egypt and raising its economic , help to decrease the unemployment in Egypt

MISSIO: Building a centre to serve the cars need and increase Egypt economy OBJECTIVE Encourage the investment in the city to draw more tourists by giving them an exhibition and developing an ideal setting, making it a special city in the world.

PROJECT TARGET Developers and entrepreneurs from the town of OCTOBER and its surroundings as well a s from abroad.

EXPECTED RESULTS AND BENEFITS Drawing entrepreneurs and developers to the town of OCTOBER to help commercial operations that provide many work opportunities make Egyptian car branding

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VISION Make it as a brand or iconic for October city because Egypt is the meeting country and strongest one in the middle east

(Fig.9.3.1.1) automotive study ( author, 2020)

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9.4.2 CONCEPT I The Strength Of Technology

CHAPTER

The first concept main idea to show the power of technology when we see the car tires and make it our choice when we think about the building , that make it possible in our location due to our site to make the centre , in my concept i mixed with the technology and modern building with inspired it in modern cars shape to design the building and make it unique

(Fig.9.3.3.1) car wheel ( pngwing , 2015)

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(Fig.9.3.3.1) car wheel ( pngwing , 2015)

As for the mobility, I used the ramp ,for nat ural lighting and comfort to encourage the movement of the tourists end ing up at the circle leading to the obelisk.

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9.4.3 CONCEPT I The Strength Of Technology TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES New Barco headquarters by Jaspers-Eyers Architects 'The Circle' will contain classrooms, rooms for research and production, exhibition areas, an auditorium and a cafeteria for businesses.

The key aim of the building is to serve as a venue for communication between Barco workers and gue sts.

Photo Courtesy of Jaspers-Eyers Architects

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That was accomplished by the site's unified architectur e, in which corridors link the building with The Lab (a research laboratory), The Pulse (an adjacent office s pace), and The Engine (an expansion of existing produ ction units).

Photo Courtesy of Jaspers-Eyers Architects

Responsive environment "Indoor architecture also adds to the social feature," says Jaspers�Eyers CEO John Eyers.

"The distinctive rounded forms and the internal ties allow sure workers crash more often into each other and create an engaging ambience.

Photo Courtesy of Jaspers-Eyers Architects

Appearing to float in vacuum, the oval shaped 'meeting boards' stand out. Passerelles to the set centers of the building complement the structure and m aintain a steady degree of operation." Thanks to the full glass façade, Light 'The Loop' receives the greatest amo unt of sunshine and transparence.

Photo Courtesy of Jaspers-Eyers Architects

The clear glass beautifully contrasts with the inset ramp whic h adds relief and depth to the house. Three horizontal cofferin g rows run around each other's sides to provide sun cover. Be sides this, the robust refrigeration device provides good temp eratures inside the glass circle.

Photo Courtesy of Jaspers-Eyers Architects

The outer portions of the inner volumes are finished with a taut banner that produces a smooth, even surface with beautiful curves.

"Barco will be able to use its own technologies to project images on certain surfaces in the future.

Photo Courtesy of Jaspers-Eyers Architects

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These ideas concentrate on the project's biggest challenge which is the city identity and the publicity question faced by October. That made the economy of the region dwindle.

But these ideas build on the client's psyche by encouraging him to push movement in one direction, having all the items grouped in a manner that complements each other and meets t heir needs. Conn Boost Sales Higher

JDAP Design - Architecture The knowledge of molding the zoning and letting the user inter acts within. By engaging closely with stakeholders t o consider the wishes and preferences of consu mers — this means more loyal buyers and more compa ny ambassadors as well as an tremendous chang e to the marketing revolution The oneway circulation route created a concrete mass

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(Fig.9.3.4.3) zoning ( author, 2020)

JDAP Design - Architecture -

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Environmental study

Conditioned area

Service area

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Public space network

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As for the third concept which is For car rectangular shape, It‘s idea is using the history of automotive, that is make it constant to design a car with the rectangle shape all over the time and eras that make it from the urban and building style I prefer to make impossible to change due to its stability with them shapes ,, so I have to use vernacular building by using local material that achieved to be a vernacular architecture building with car tires that shows the similarity between car movement and building dynamic shape that show the movement of both

Social sustainability Achieving the social solution in the project by approaching the October population, who will collaborate, sell their talents for their city and their identity Achieving economic sustainability in the project by exposing the identity of October as well as th e potential they possess that will help in promotion as well as raise sales and create more work s Environmental sustainability: the use of green buildings that reduce or minimize adverse impacts in their service and generate positive impact on both the economic and temperature aspects.

It conserves the natural capital and increases the quality of the ecosystem

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The dynamic shape of building with addition and subtraction of façade describe the main aspect of car work which is the immovability of it The concept is inspired from the rectangular base of cars , the whole design is from automotive . Cars is used in most of all industry it‘s a strong element in any country by raising the economy of it , I used also the glass in the façade for natural lighting in daylight its also use of upper and down openings for, natural ventilation through evaporation. Ramps were used from the ground floor up to the final floor.

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9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF SLOGAN : Designed for living. Engineered to last.

AIM & OBJECTIVES : The aim of the project is to raise up the Automotive Industry in Egypt by learning, fixing, designing and create innovations.

VISION : The vision of this project is to create Automotive Educational Institute that will open gateways for students in the automotive field.

Building The Automotive Educational Institute that will be one of the most popular names in the car design.

OBJECTIVE: Preserving the identity of Automotive industry through a new approach which is the car body design by exposing the talents in the maintenance and repair of automobiles

PROJECT TARGET : Attracting businessmen and investors in the Automotive industry supporting the field providing many job opportunities

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MISSION:

(Fig. 9.2.1) car body design (Author, 2020)

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9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF 9.5.1 CONCEPT I THE AERODYNAMIC MONEMENT The first concept is about the air interactions against or through objects which is called aerodynamics.

Aerodynamics is the way air moves around things.

(Fig. 9.5.1.2) air movement around a car (pintrest, 2019)

By sketching air flow and movement it can create smooth, curved and edged shapes giving the identity of air .

Conceptual development

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(Fig. 9.5.1.1) air flow(pintrest, 2019)

(Fig. 9.5.1.3) air movement around in and out of the building (author, 2020)

Making the air movement passes in and out though the building making the design unique and special by adding openings and complexity

(Fig. 9.5.1.4 ) 3D conceptual sketch(author, 2020 )

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9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF 9.5.1 CONCEPT I THE AERODYNAMIC MONEMENT TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES Kinetic faรงade system

Fig (9.5.1.6) Kinetic Facade, (topic news ,2012)

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A new type of kinetic faรงade system is presented which was inspired by flexible deformation principles found in plant movements. The project is a role model for a novel application of glass fiber reinforced polymers (GFRP) for deployable structures as well as for advanced biomimetic research and design.

Fig (9.5.1.5) Kinetic Facade concept, (topic news ,2012)

Fig (9.5.1.7) Kinetic Facade, (topic news ,2012)

After sunset, the visual effect of the opening movements is enhanced by LEDs fitted into the inner side of the lamellas. In the opened position, the LEDs illuminate the adjacent lamella. In this way, the bionic principle creates a consistent effect: geometry, material properties, opening angle and light integrate seamlessly into one another; the longer the lamella, the wider the opening angle, the larger the illuminated surface The lamellas of the facade are manufactured of glass fiber reinforced polymer and make use of its material properties for the movement process. The kinetic light facade thus combines technical innovation with a surprising, changing presence and communicates the aspirations of the Expo in an emotionally moving way

Fig (9.5.1.8) Kinetic Faรงade structure, (topic news ,2012)

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9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF 9.5.2 CONCEPT II TURBO CHARGER This concept is mainly based on the turbo charger in car engine which basically works by increasing the internal combustion engine's efficiency and power output by forcing extra compressed air into the combustion chamber.

(Fig. 9.5.2.1 ) turbocharger (pintrest, 2018 )

Conceptual circulation

(Fig. 9.5.2.2 ) turbocharger (pintrest, 2020 ) (Fig. 9.5.2.3 ) conceptual circulation (author, 2020 )

Appling the air movement strategy inside the turbo charger as the circulation inside the building to create the building form.

(Fig. 9.5.2.4 ) 3D conceptual shell sketch(author, 2020 )

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Inspiration

Using shell structure to apply shadings

Conceptual development The main idea behind the turbo is to generate more power efficiency so it is a great concept to apply learning efficiency in our automotive institute.

By using turbo fan shape as construction lines made the different building forms.

(Fig. 9.5.2.5 ) conceptual sketch (author, 2020 )

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9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF 9.5.2 CONCEPT II TURBO CHARGER TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES

1-Shell structure

Fig (9.5.2.7) shell structure, (archidaily,2018)

Fig (9.5.2.6) Shell structure, (archidaily,2019)

Fig (9.5.2.8) shell structure, (archidaily,2018)

2- Dynamic Facade Faรงades are the building's most important and recognizable component, contributing to enhanced appearance and environmental quality in buildings.

Facades play a major role in a building's performance. This represents the boundary between the internal space and the external world. This means that the faรงade is the medium through which the activity interacts, Indoors and outdoors. The picture of a building is reflected by the faรงade model, and therefore for the users.

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A thin shell is defined as a shell with a thickness which is small compared to its other dimensions and in which deformations are not large compared to thickness. A primary difference between a shell structure and a plate structure is that, in the unstressed state, the shell structure has curvature as opposed to the plates structure which is flat

Fig (9.5.2.9) Dynamic Faรงade structure, (archidaily,2019)

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9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF 9.5.3 CONCEPT III FUTURE VEHICLE In this concept idea is based on the future vehicles shown in movies and imaginary stories and I selected this idea as to mention that this automotive institute will lead us to special learning that will create a bright future in the automotive major.

Fig (9.5.3.2) future wheels, (pintrest, 2017)

Fig (9.5.3.3) wheel conceptual sketch, (Auther, 2020)

As a future vehicle wheels also have a special design so I added a wheel like shape to add an automobile taste to the building

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Fig (9.5.3.1) future vehicle, (pintrest, 2019)

Fig (9.5.3.4) conceptual sketch, (Auther, 2020)

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9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF 9.5.3 CONCEPT III FUTURE VEHICLE TECHNOLOGICAL STUDIES

Flecto-fold Demonstrator FlectoFold is a Shading System of Elastic-Kinetic Facades. It is modular and made of FRP with a material progression.

This large-scale demonstrator highlights Flectofold's potential for application on complex architectural surfaces, showcases the kinetic performance of pneumatically-actuated and materialgraduated FRP laminates, and explores the possibilities of active and autonomous control and operation modes.

2- Dynamic Facade It consists of Flectofold modules. Each module covers an area of approximately 1 m2 and has a pneumatic cushion built in. The cushion, once pressurized (0.04 – 0.09 bar), induces elastic bending on the body of the material-graduated FRP laminate, generating motion and transformation as a consequence. The modules are propagated on an anticlastic guiding surface and are assisted in space by the steel substructure, aligns them correctly on the guiding surface and provides all the information required for the integration of pneumatic actuators. The control system allows individual or synchronized driving of modules, based on active user feedback or preprogrammed sequences.

Fig (9.5.3.6) Flectoflod modules, (Stuttgart, 2017)

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Fig (9.5.3.5) Flectoflod structure, (Stuttgart, 2017)

Fig (9.5.3.7) Flectoflod modules, (Stuttgart, 2017)

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9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF 9.5.4 SUSTAINABILITY APPROACH

When designing public buildings with sustainability in mind, architects use the following top five sustainable architecture strategies:

1. Passive Sustainable Design.

(Fig.9.5.4.1) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018)

2. Active Sustainable Design.

Architects consult with mechanical and electrical engineers to implement high-efficiency electrical, plumbing, HVAC, and other systems, which are designed to have small environmental (Fig.9.5.4.2) sustainability ( HMC footprints.

Architects 2018)

3. Renewable Energy Systems.

Renewable energy systems, including those that harness solar and wind energy, are also great options for some buildings.

These systems are often used in conjunction with passive design strategies.

(Fig.9.5.4.3) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018)

4. Green Building Materials and Finishes.

By making it a priority to purchase steel, lumber, concrete, and finishing materials, such as carpet and furnishings, from companies that use environmentally responsible manufacturing techniques or recycled materials, architects up the ante on sustainability.

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Passive strategies, such as considering sun orientation and climate when siting and being thoughtful about window placement and operation, are used to best manage daylighting and natural ventilation and go a long way in reducing energy requirements for the building.

In certain climates, thermal mass techniques can be used to harness solar energy. In such cases, thick walls absorb heat from the sun during the day and release it into the building at night.

(Fig.9.5.4.4) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018)

5. Native Landscaping.

Landscaping choices can make a big impact in civic building water consumption. By using trees, plants, and grasses that are native to the area, architects can greatly reduce irrigation needs.

Landscaping can also be used as part of a passive energy strategy. By planting trees that shade the roof and windows during the hottest time of the day, solar heat gain inside the building can be reduced.

(Fig.9..5.4.5) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018)

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AUTHOR 6 ZUBAIDA AL SAAD 161067 209

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9.6 ZUBAIDAH AL SAAD

CHAPTER

Slogan : A wow factor , functional and environmental friendly Aim : Attracting external sponsors to egypt and creating a spectacular educational facility To inspire students to reach their goals , a car made in egypt from A to Z eventually.

Mission: The institute mission is to serve people in 6th of october city and sponsors in el sheikh zayed city.

Objective: Encouraging sponsors to provide the facility with equipment and spare parts from the best brands and also provide the students jobs for when they finish their educational years and guide them.

Project target : Investors and businessmen from popular car brands and students to start considering this as an important functional major.

Expected results and benefits : Eventually an impressive environmentally friendly car made in egypt that will raise the economy of egypt in the future and help lessen the pollution in egypt since it will be made in egypt which will make it affordable.

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Vision : To make the building a landmark for this major and as an educational facility. Attracting students to this unpopular major in automotive industry and make them able to design and make a car from A to Z.

(Fig 9.6.1.1) working in a car student(author , 2020 )

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9.6 ZUBAIDAH AL SAAD 9.6.1 Concept I : Since the building type is about car and education , when thinking about cars and the thing that makes it move (tires) and motion waves which generates a concept that should be streamlined and flowy .

The first concept is inspired from car movement and movement cause (tires) which is spiral or circular.

The finished product of the building should be contemporary and modern , environmentally friendly , LEED certificate approved in the future .

The building should have ramps for cars and occupants the stairs are only for emergency exits

(Fig 9.6.2.1) tires (author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.6.2.2) car (author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.6.2.3) streamlined building (author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.6.2.4) streamlined building (author , 2020 )

10.8.1 Concept Development:

(Fig. 9.6.2.4) tire (author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.6.2.5) 3D form (author , 2020 )

Taking the middle part of the tire that has branches from a central circle as a guide for the building form.

After creating a guide started to make the masses around the focal central point .

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10.8.1 Inspirational Collage:

(Fig. 9.6.2.6) 3D form (author , 2020 )

After creating the masses general shape play with the different levels and create floating levels to make it interesting from people level of perspective .

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9.6 ZUBAIDAH AL SAAD Technological Studies : 1)structure design efficiency 2) Energy efficiency 3) Materials efficiency 4)Indoor environmental quality enhancement 5)Operations and maintenance optimization 6) shading devices are related to the solar moment. As the sun rises in the east and sets in the west by moving along south

(Fig. 9.6.3.2) shading devices(author , 2020 )

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(Fig. 9.6.3.1) air movement (author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.6.3.3) rammed earth walls (author , 2020 )

Using Rammed Earth Walls : It is an efficient material and eco friendly type of material to use in walls of the building.

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9.6 ZUBAIDAH AL SAAD 8.6.2 Concept II :

(Fig. 9.6.4.1) hand (author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.1.1) hand concept (author , 2020 )

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Since the educational institute is an automotive institute and the automotive industry is man made then the second concept is inspired from human hands , the fingers are classes clusters and the rest is the main core of the building .

The largest faรงade area should be in the north orientation and the classes should be on that side .

In order for the building not to be boring and typical it should have floating levels and mixing up the form using different levels on columns with shading area underneath for outdoor Socialization area using bridges between the Building to ease circulation for the students And the staff .

Using the main axis for administration and Main activities.

(Fig. 9.1.1) perspective sketch (sketch up ,author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.1.1) 3D form (pinterest edited by author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.1.1) perspective sketch (pinterest edited by author , 2020 )

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Technological Studies : dynamic faรงade

Seasonal Green Dynamic Facade A facade that integrates greenery to make the facade responsive to the four seasons has also been categorized as one of the dynamic facades. House in Travessa Do Patrocinio in Lisbon, Portugal (2012) shows that the facade can be dynamic without a high-tech system. Luis Rebelo de Andrade has a 4story-high facade of vegetation, creating a vertical garden, packed with around 4500 plants of 25 different Iberian and Mediterranean varieties, which are 100 square meters in size. "This project is therefore, in fact, a mini lung and an example of sustainability for the city of Lisbon, maintaining the principles of a typical living habitat and a relationship with the outside world, assuming a revival.

(Fig. 9.6.5.1) dynamic facade (arch20, 2018 )

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The faรงade is part of the urban fabric that makes up the city. It is a crucial component, especially when it comes to public or commercial buildings or even offices on important avenues and streets. The visual impact of any layman's structure is mostly linked to the size of the structure, its aesthetics, its uniqueness, and how captivating it is, apart from the amount invested in it by the companies. To top it off, people are becoming increasingly aware of their surrounding environment and prefer ideas and designs that are sustainable and environmentally friendly.

(fig 9.6.5.2 )House in Travessa Do Patrocinio in Lisbon | Luis Rebelo de Andrade (arch20,2018)

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9.6.3 Concept III : The outer form is geometrical with a middle shared area between the two forms We start pinching in the two forms to form an interesting and an inviting shape .

The concept is inspired from a natural moving mechanism which is the butterfly and it‘s wings with a shared core between its wings which creates a versatile and interesting building and has movement , character.

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(Fig. 9.6.6.1) perspective sketch (author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.6.6.2) 3D form (author , 2020 )

(Fig. 9.6.6.3)geometrical concept (author , 2020 )

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Technological Studies :

• • •

• • •

Thermal reduction and energy conservation.

Carbon sequestration.

Help to insulate a building for sound; the soil helps to block lower frequencies and the plants block higher frequencies[29] If installed correctly many living roofs can contribute to LEED points Increase agricultural space Green roofs not only retain rainwater, but also moderate the temperature of the water and act as natural filters for any of the water that happens to run off.

(Fig. 9.7.4.4),Green Roof (arch daily,2010)

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A green roof or living roof is the roof of a building that is partially or completely covered with vegetation and a growing medium planted above a waterproofing membrane. It may also include additional layers such as root barrier and drainage and irrigation systems. Container gardens on roofs, where plants are kept in pots, are not generally considered to be true green roofs, although this is discussed. Rooftop ponds are another form of green roofs used for the treatment of gray water. Vegetation, soil, drainage layer, roof barrier and irrigation system are green roofs.

(Fig. 9.6.7.1),Green Roof (Kevin Songer, 2010)

(Fig. 9.6.7.2),Green Roof (Kevin Songer, 2010)

(Fig. 9.6.7.3), Stepped Green Roof (D-Lim Architects, 2017)

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10 BIBLIOGRAPHY THIS CHAPTER ILLUSTRATES THE REFERENCES AND THE APA CITATION THAT ARE USED IN THIS BOOK. THESE SITES CONTAIN ALL OF THE COLLECTED INFORMATION THAT IS USED TO CLARIFY EACH AND EVERY CHAPTER AND ANALYSIS.

BIBLIOGRAPHY 10.1 TABLE OF FIGURES

10 CHAPTER

CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

• • • • • • •

Fig (1.1.1) automotive design (wiki design,2012) Fig (1.1.2) site location (google maps edited by author ,2020) Fig (1.1.3) El-Herafeyeen (akhbar-auto edited by author ,2020) Fig (1.1.4) El-Herafeyeen (akhbar-auto edited by author ,2020) Fig (1.1.5) site location (google maps edited by author ,2020) Fig (1.1.6) site location (google maps edited by author ,2020) Fig (1.2.1) Methodology (Edited by author ,2020)

• • • • •

(Fig. 2.1.1) NICOLAS-JOSEPH (Máquina de vapor, 1884) (Fig. 2.1.2) first road vehicle (author, 2020) (Fig. 2.1.3) first electric vehicle (reconstruction, 2011) (Fig. 2.1.4) The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE)(author, 2020) (Fig. 2.1.5) university of maryland (enacademic, 2014)

CHAPTER III : PROJECT SELECTION

• • • • •

(Fig. 3.1.1.1) car manufacturing (Author, 2020) (Fig. 3.1.2.1) money saving (Author, 2020) (Fig. 3.13.1) Car components (Google, 2020) (Fig. 3.1.4.1) car manufacturing (Author, 2020) (Fig. 3.3.5.1) collage (Author, 2020)

CHAPTER IV : DESIGN ISSUES

• • • • • • • • • • • •

Fig. (4.1.1.1) (G. Muthu Shoba Mohan,2015) Fig. (4.1.3.1) stairs (Author,2020) Fig. (4.1.3.2) elevators (Author,2020) Fig. (4.1.3.3) elevators (Author,2020) Fig. (4.1.3.4) Escalators(shutterstock) (Author,2020) Fig. (4.1.3.5)Ramps for vehicles(Masterfile) (Author,2020) Fig. (4.1.3.6) Torre David - Informal Vertical CommunitiesExhibition(Circulation Case study)(Archdaily,2013)Edited by (Author 2020).

Fig. (4.1.3.7) Torre David - Informal Vertical Communities Exhibition (Ramps)Archdaily,2013)Edited by (Author 2020).

Fig. (4.1.3.8) Vertical Parking Fig. (4.1.3.9) Outside Horizontal Parking Fig. (4.1.3.10) Inside Horizontal Parking Fig (4.1.3.11) Architecture plans(Author,2020)

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CHAPTER II : HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 10.1 TABLE OF FIGURES

Fig (4.1.3.12) Akshaya Homes (Author,2020) Fig. 4.1.3.11), Circulation in Boston City Hall, (Authors, 2020).

Fig. (4.1.4.1)pass by space(Archdaily) (Author,2020) Fig. (4.1.4.2 )pass through space(Archdaily) (Author,2020) Fig. (4.1.4.3 ) Terminate In A Space(Archdaily)(Author,2020) Fig (4.2.1.1) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015) Fig (4.2.1.2) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015) Fig (4.2.1.3) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015) Fig (4.2.1.4) volume flexibility(Pinterest, 2015) Fig (4.2.1.5) Furniture flexibility (Pinterest, 2018) Fig. ( 4.3.1.1) city image (google , 2019).

Fig. ( 4.3.3.1) Centralized image sketch (Authors , 2019).

Fig. (4.3.4.1) Distributed image sketch (Authors , 2019).

Fig. (4.3.5.1) Not centeralized image sketch (Authors , 2019).

Fig. ( 4.3.3.2) Millard house (Pinterest, 2016).

Fig. (4.3.3.3) Wainwright building(Pinterest, 2016).

Fig. (4.3.3.4) Waterfall house (Pinterest, 2015).

Fig. (4.3.3.5) Auditorium building (Archdaily, 2016).

Fig (3.3.6.1) Irregular geometrical shapes Fig (3.3.6.1) Flexibility in space (Pinterest, 2015) Fig (4.4.3.1)Exit Plan, ediited by( author 2020).

Fig (4.4.3.2)Fire Escape Stairs, edited by (author 2020) Fig (4.4.3.3)Fire Escape Essentials, edited by (author 2020).

Fig (4.4.3.4)Fire Protection, Pinterest 2020).

Fig (4.5.4.1) Natural Lighting , arch daily 2016).

Fig (4.5.4.2) Natural Lighting , edited by ( author 2020).

Fig (4.5.4.3)artificial lighting, edited by( author 2020).

Fig (4.5.4.4)Artificial lighting, edited by(author 2020).

Fig (4.5.4.5)Color wheel, (Pinterest 2020).

Fig (4.5.4.6) describe how the ceiling effect on a person. (archdaliy , 2018) Fig(4.5.4.7) outside enviroment view (dissolve,2018) Fig (4.5.4.8)space forms , edited by (author 2020).

Fig (4.5.4.9) different scale & form of space (design.epfl.ch , 2011) Fig (4.5.4.11)modern villa, (Pinterest 2020).

Fig (4.5.4.12)sky scrapper, (Pinterest 2020).

Fig (4.5.6.1) Bisate Lodge (Arch 2o, 2018) Fig (4.5.6.2) Bisate Lodge (Arch 2o, 2018) Fig (4.5.6.3) Bisate Lodge (Arch 2o, 2018)

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 10.1 TABLE OF FIGURES

• • • •

Fig (4.5.6.4) Energy Center (Arch 2o, 2010) Fig (4.5.6.5) Energy Center (Arch 2o, 2010) Fig (4.5.6.6) Energy Center (Arch 2o, 2010) Fig (4.6.1) HVAC ,(archidaily ,2020).

Fig (4.6.2) comfort aspects, (author, 2020).

Fig (4.6.3.2) personal comfort, june 9 2020).

Fig (4.6.3.3) health and wellbeing factors, (June 29, 2018).

Fig (4.6.3.4) thermal comfort passive cooling diagram, (author, 2020) Fig (4.6.3.4) thermal comfort factors diagram, (author, 2020) Fig (4.6.3.5) indoor air quality, edited by (author, 2020).

Fig (4.6.3.6) visual comfort, (pintrest, 2020).

Fig (4.6.3.7) noise nuisance, edited by (author, 2020).

Fig (4.6.3.8) efficient ergonomics, edited by (author, 2020).

Fig (4.7.3.1) three types of security levels, edited by (author, 2020).

Fig (4.7.3.2) open space, New York (pulsd, 2018).

Fig (4.7.3.3) workshops/markets steer roll door, (pintrest, 2019).

Fig (4.7.3.4) maximum security, (the jornal record, 2018).

Fig (4.7.3.5) three types of security methods, edited by (author, 2020).

Fig. (4.8.1) level of Interaction (Yourdictionary,2014) Fig. (4.8.2) Interaction (Mikael Wiberg,2015) Fig. (4.8.3) show interaction between users Fig. (4.8.4) show interaction between people and surrounding context (designboom,2015) Fig (4.8.4.1)sasakissaki project, University planning interaction building Fig (4.8.5.1) Social Interaction (Abitare, 2011) Fig (4.8.5.2) Social Interaction (WLA, 2017) Fig (4.8.5.3) Social Interaction (jacksonchoi, 2011)

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

10 CHAPTER

CHAPTER V : CASE STUDIES

5.1 MANTOIS TECHNOLOGY CENTRE IN YVELINES • (Fig 5.1.1.1) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.1.1.2) Mantois Technology Centre , (Archdaily, 2014) • (Fig 5.1.3.1) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.1.3.2) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.1.3.3) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.1.3.4) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.1.3.5) Mantois Technology Centre , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.1.4.1) basement floor plan , (Author, 2020)

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 10.1 TABLE OF FIGURES (Fig 5.1.4.2) ground floor plan , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.4.3) second floor plan , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.4.4) Third floor plan , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.4.5) Fourth floor plan , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.4.6) Fifth floor plan , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.5.1) project surrounding , (google maps edited by author ,2020) (Fig 5.1.7.1) Elevation,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.7.2) north east façade ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.7.3) south east façade ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.8.1) section of the building ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.8.2) section of the building ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.9.1) Layout,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.1.9.2) terrace ,(archdaily, 2014) (Fig 5.1.9.3) conference hall,(archdaily, 2014) (Fig 5.1.10.1) building plans,(author , 2020) 5.2 KANGAN BATMAN INSTITUTE / LYONS Fig 5.2.1.1) Kangan Batman Institute ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.1.2) Kangan Batman Institute ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.2.1) Kangan Batman Institute court ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.3.1) green roof ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.3.2) green roof ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.3.1) KBI open court,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.6.1) Solid & Void Chart, (Author, 2020) Fig 5.2.6.2) Solid &Void ,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.7.1) master plan of KBI, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.7.2) main staircase, (Author, 2020) Fig 5.2.8.1) building elevation, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.8.2) building elevation, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.9.1) section of the building, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.10.1) KBI layout, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.11.1) KBI , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.11.2) KBI , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.11.3) KBI , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.12.1) ground floor , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.12.2) elevation, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.12.3) elevation, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.2.12.4) layout, (Author, 2020) Fig 5.2.12.5) KBT building, (Author, 2020) Fig 5.2.12.6 elevation , (Author, 2020)

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5.3 AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY EXPORTERS UNION TECHNICAL AND INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL (Fig 5.3.1.1) AEU, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.1.2) AEU, (Archdaily, 2012) (Fig 5.3.1.3) AEU, (Archdaily, 2012) (Fig 5.3.3.1) AIEUT, (Archdaily, 2012) (Fig 5.3.3.2) Gallery of Chappell Smith, 2012(Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.3.3) Gallery of Chappell Smith, (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.3.4) Gallery of Chappell Smith, (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.3.5) AEU, (Archdaily) (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.3.6) AEU, (Archdaily) (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.3.7) AEU, (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.4.1) basement floor plan , (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.4.2) basement floor plan , (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.4.3) basement floor plan , (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.4.4) basement floor plan , (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.4.5) ground floor plan , (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.4.6) typical floor plan , (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.5.1) project surrounding , (google maps edited by author ,2020) (Fig 5.3.6.1) Indoor Gallery, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.6.2) Indoor Gallery, (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.6.3) ground plan shows the circulation , (Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.7.1) main elevation,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.7.2) northern elevation,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.7.3) southern elevation,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.8.1) Section (A-A)shows inner stairs & sports-hall, (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.8.2) Section (B-B)shows conference Hall, (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.8.3) Section (C-C)Shows Class rooms, (Author,2020) (Fig 5.3.9.1) Workshop,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.9.2) Workshop,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.10.1) Layout,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.10.2) sitting area,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.10.3) Studios,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.10.4) sitting zone,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.10.5) sitting zone,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.10.6) students Dorms,(Author, 2020) (Fig 5.3.10.7) Sports Hall,(Author, 2020)

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• (Fig 5.3.11.1) Glass Veneers,(Author,2020) • (Fig 5.3.11.2) Glass Veneers,(Author,2020) • (Fig 5.3.11.3) suspended timber ceilings ,(Sculpt form, 2015) • (Fig 5.3.12.1) ground floor,(Archdaily, 2020) • (Fig 5.3.12.2) building elevation ,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.3.12.3) wooden ceiling,(Archdaily, 2017) • (Fig 5.3.12.4) lightning,(Archdaily, 2012) • (Fig 5.3.1.5) AEU(Archdailyr,2017) 5.4 SAUDI JAPANESE AUTOMOBILE HIGH INSTITUTE • (Fig 5.4.1.1) SJAHI, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.1.2) SJAHI, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.1.3) SJAHI, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.2.1) students of SJAHI, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.3.1) SJAHI components , (google maps edited by Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.3.2) students of SJAHI, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.3.3) SJAHI labs , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.3.4) SJAHI sport hall , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.3.5) SJAHI lecture hall, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.3.6) SJAHI food zone , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.4.1) workshops , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.4.2) classrooms, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.4.3) classrooms, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.4.4) dining room, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.4.5) workshops, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.4.6) workshops, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.5.1) Workshop,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.5.2) Canteen,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.5.3) Entertainment Halls,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.5.4) Sitting Hall,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.6.1) Classes,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.6.2) Clinic,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.6.3) Parking,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.6.4) Swimming Pool,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.6.5) Gas Station,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.7.1) circulation diagram,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.7.2) Solid and void diagram,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.8.1) Elevation,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.8.2) Elevation,(Author, 2020)

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• (Fig 5.4.8.3) Elevation,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.9.1) Circulation,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.4.9.1) project entrance,(sjahi.org, 2017) • (Fig 5.4.9.2) green areas(sjahi.org,2017) 5.5 Technical School For Dual Education And Training (Mubarak Kohl) • (Fig 5.5.1.1) Mubarak kohl school , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.1.2) Mubarak kohl school , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.3.1) Mubarak kohl school , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.4.1) Classrooms, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.4.2) Classrooms, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.4.3) workshop , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.5.1) Accessibility & Surrounding , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.6.1) concept sketch , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.7.1) zoning , (zoning, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.8.1) solid & void chart , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.8.2) solid & void plan , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.9.1) Elevation , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.10.1) relation between building and stairs, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.10.2) staircase, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.10.3) relation between buildings , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.10.4) windows ratio, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.10.5) interaction between, (Author, 2020) 5.6 FUTURE UNIVERSITY IN EGYPT (FUE) • (Fig 5.6.1) Future university , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.1.1) Future university , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.2.1) Future university , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.3.1) concept sketch , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.4.1) zoning , (zoning, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.5.1) solid & void chart , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.5.2) solid & void plan , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.5.7.1) project surrounding , (google maps edited by author ,2020) • (Fig 5.6.8.1) Elevation,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.8.2) north east façade,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.8.3) east façade ,(Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.10.) Circulation , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.11.) Comfort , (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.12) Durability, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.13 ) interaction between buildings, (Author, 2020) • (Fig 5.6.14 ) mood , (Author, 2020)

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CHAPTER VI : SITE SELECTION

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(Fig 6.1.1) Site selection Criteria, (Author, 2020).

Fig (6.2.2.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) Fig ( 6.2.2.2), chart showing land-use, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.2.2.3)El-Herfeen shows industrial area(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.2.4) service shops on ground floor(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.3.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) Fig ( 6.2.3.2), chart showing building heights, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.2.3.3)El-Herfeen(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.4.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) Fig ( 6.2.4.2), chart showing building conditions of, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.2.4.3)El-Herfeen showing middle building condition(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.4.4)El-Herfeen showing bad condition(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.5.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) Fig ( 6.2.5.2), chart showing Road Hierarchy of, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.2.5.3)El-Herfeen secondary street(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.5.4)El-Herfeen main street (Author,2020) Fig (6.2.6.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) Fig ( 6.2.6.2), chart showing Solid and Void of, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.2.6.3)El-Herfeen(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.6.4)El-Herfeen(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.7.1.1)Skyline(Al-Salam City, Author,2020) Fig (6.2.7.2.1) building elevations, Rhythm, (Authors, 2020) Fig (6.2.7.2.2) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2020) Fig (6.2.7.3.1)Buildings elevations(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.7.3.2)Elevations(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.7.3.3)Elevations(Author,2020) Fig (6.2.7.3.4)Elevations(Author,2020) (Fig 6.2.8.1) Sun Shading, (Climat Consultant, 2020) (Fig 6.2.8.2) Wind direction and speed, (Climat Consultant, 2020) (Fig 6.2.8.3) Wind rose, (Climat Consultant, 2020) Fig (6.3.2.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.2.2), chart showing land-use, 6th of October(Author, 2020).

(Fig 6.3.2.3), Residential, 6th Of October, (Author, 2020).

(Fig 6.3.2.4), mosque ,6th of October, (Author, 2020).

Fig (6.3.3.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.3.2), Chart Showing Building Heights, 6th Of October(author, 2020).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 10.1 TABLE OF FIGURES • • •

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Fig (6.3.3.3)6th of October city (Author,2020) Fig (6.3.4.1) Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.4.2), Chart Showing Building Conditions Of, 6th Of October(author, 2020).

Fig (6.3.4.3) 6th Of October Showing Good Building Condition(author,2020) Fig (6.3.4.4) 6th Of October Showing Middle Building Condition(author,2020) Fig (6.3.5.1) Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.2.2), chart showing land-use, 6th of October(Author, 2020).

(Fig 6.3.2.3), Residential, 6th Of October, (Author, 2020).

(Fig 6.3.2.4), mosque ,6th of October, (Author, 2020).

Fig (6.3.3.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.3.2), Chart Showing Building Heights, 6th Of October(author, 2020).

Fig (6.3.3.3)6th of October city (Author,2020) Fig (6.3.4.1) Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.4.2), Chart Showing Building Conditions Of, 6th Of October(author, 2020).

Fig (6.3.4.3) 6th Of October Showing Good Building Condition(author,2020) Fig (6.3.4.4) 6th Of October Showing Middle Building Condition(author,2020) Fig (6.3.5.1) Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.5.2), chart showing Road Hierarchy of, EL-HARFEEN(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.3.5.3) 6th of october secondary street(Author,2020) Fig (6.3.5.4) 6th of october main street (Author,2020) Fig (6.3.6.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.6.2), chart showing Solid and Void of, 6th of October (Author, 2020).

Fig (6.3.6.3)6th of October (Author,2020) Fig (6.3.6.4)El-Herfeen(Author,2020) Fig (6.3.7.1.1)Skyline(Al-Salam City, Author,2020) Fig (6.3.7.2.1) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2020) Fig (6.3.7.2.2) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2020) Fig (6.3.7.3.1)Buildings elevations (Author,2020) Fig (6.3.7.3.2)Elevations(Author,2020) Fig (6.3.7.3.3)Elevations(Author,2020) Fig (6.3.7.3.4)Elevations(Author,2020) (Fig 6.3.8.1) Sun Shading, (Climat Consultant, 2020) (Fig 6.3.8.2) Wind direction and speed, (Climat Consultant, 2020) (Fig 6.3.8.3) Wind rose, (Climat Consultant, 2020) Fig (6.4.2.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.2.2), chart showing land-use, freezone Port Said (Author, 2020).

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BIBLIOGRAPHY 10.1 TABLE OF FIGURES • • • •

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Fig (6.4.2.2)Mousqe Freezone Portsaid(Author,2020) Fig (6.4.2.3) Industrial zone(Author,2020) Fig (6.4.3.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.4.3.2), chart showing building conditions of, freezone Port SaidN(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.4.3.3)showing Moderate building condition(Author,2020) Fig (6.4.3.4)showing good condition(Author,2020) Fig (6.4.4.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.4.4.2), chart showing building heights, freezone Port Said(Author, 2020).

(Fig 6.4.4.3), building heights, freezone Port Said (Author, 2020).

Fig (6.4.5.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.4.5.2), chart showing Road Hierarchy of, Freezone Port Said(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.4.5.3)freezone port said secondary street(Author,2020) Fig (6.4.5.4)freezone port said main street (Author,2020) Fig (6.4.6.1)Google Maps (Author,2020) (Fig 6.4.6.2), chart showing Solid and Void of, freezone Port Said(Author, 2020).

Fig (6.4.6.3)port said(Author,2020) Fig (6.4.6.4)port said residential(Author,2020) (Figure 6.4.7.2.1) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2019) (Figure 6.4.7.2.2) building elevations, Rhythm (Authors, 2019) (Figure 6.4.7.3.1) Residential elevation (Google maps, 2019) (Figure 6.4.7.3.2) Residential elevation, (Google maps, 2019) (Figure 6.4.7.3.3) fedral building(Google maps, 2019) (Figure 6.4.7.3.4) Residential elevation, (Google maps, 2019) (Fig 6.4.8.1) Sun Shading, (Climate Consultant, 2019) (Fig 6.4.8.2) Wind direction & speed, (Climate Consultant, 2019).

(Fig 6.4.8.3) Wind rose, (Climate Consultant, 2019) (Fig 5.5.2), the three cites location, New Damietta , google maps, edited by the Author, 2019.

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CHAPTER VII : DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

Fig (7.4.1.1) workshop (Neufert,2000) Fig (7.4.1.2) workshop (Neufert,2000) Fig (7.4.1.3) workshop (Neufert,2000) Fig (7.4.1.4) workshop (Neufert,2000) Fig (7.4.1.5) workshop (Neufert,2000) (Fig 7.4.1.6) Trolleys used in a workshop environment (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 7.4.1.7) Windows in workshops (Neufert, 2000) Fig (7.4.2.1) Lecture Hall (Campus Technology Space Standards,2019) Fig (7.4.2.2) Lecture Hall (Campus Technology Space Standards,2019) Fig (7.4.2.3) Lecture Hall (Campus Technology Space Standards,2019) (Fig 7.4.2.4) rows arrangement (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 7.4.2.5) conference seating arrangement (Neufert, 2000) Fig (7.4.3.1) Administration (building design standards,2017) Fig (7.4.3.2) Administration (Neufert,2000) Fig (7.4.3.3) Meeting table (Neufert,2000) Fig (7.4.4.1) Basketball, (Neufert, 2000).

Fig (7.4.4.2) Football, (Neufert, 2000).

Fig (7.4.4.3) Tables dimensions, ((Neufert, 2000).

Fig (7.4.4.4) Functional layout, ((Neufert, 2000).

Fig (7.4.4.5) Tables Arrangement((Neufert, 2000).

Fig (7.4.4.6) Tables Arrangement((Neufert, 2000).

Fig (7.4.4.7) Tables Arrangement, ((Neufert, 2000).

(Fig 7.4.4.8) Vegetable preparation, (Neufert, 2000) (Fig 7.4.4.9) Vegetable preparation, (Neufert, 2000) Fig (7.4.5.1)side view (houseplanshelper)(Author, 2020).

Fig (7.5.1.1)Car Workshops, (Author, 2020).

Fig (7.5.1.2)Car Workshops, (Author, 2020).

Fig (7.5.1.3)car lifter., (author, 2020).

Fig (7.5.1.4)Ridge Vent., (Pinterest, 2020).

Fig (7.5.1.5)sun shading techniques., (author, 2020).

Fig (7.5.1.6)skylights, (Archdaily, 2014).

(Fig 7.6.1.1) Dimension of site (Google maps , edited by author, 2020) (Fig 7.6.1.2) regulation chart (author, 2020) (Fig 7.6.1.3) regulation (author, 2020)

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CHAPTER VIII : SUSTAINABILITY • • • •

(Fig 8.2.4.1) glazing daylighting description (window master, 2019) (Fig 8.2.4.2)window shading types (window master ,2018) (Fig 8.3.2.1 ) Green Architecture (Pinterest,2020) CHAPTER IX : INDIVIDUAL WORK 9.1 AYA MOHAMED (Fig. 9.1.1) car manufacturing (Author, 2020) (Fig. 9.1.1.1) car turbine (carbodydesign, 2019) (Fig. 9.1.1.2) elevation of car turbine (carbodydesign, 2019) (Fig. 9.1.1.3) sketch shows car body shape (Author, 2020) Fig (9.1.1.4) Indoor Navigator system (logicjunction,2020) Fig (9.1.1.5) QR signing (saline Journal,2017) Fig (9.1.1.6)Indoor Positioning (geospatialworld,2019) Fig (9.1.1.7)Indoor Positioning (itechcraft,2019) Fig (9.1.1.8)Indoor Positioning (geospatialworld,2019) (Fig 9.1.2.1) Gallery of Chappell Smith, 2012(Author,2020) (Fig 9.1.2.2) AEU, Archdaily (Author, 2020) Fig (9.1.2.3) Photochromic Glass, (sageglass ,2018) Fig (9.1.2.4) Photochromic Glass details, (Inhabitat,2011) Fig (9.1.3.1) relation between paths and spaces , (Author,2020) Fig (9.1.3.2) Relation between paths and spaces , (Author,2020) Fig (9.1.3.3)Selçuk Culture and Youth Center, (Aboutblank,2016) Fig (9.1.3.4) Pavegen Tiles , (solarimpulse,2020).

Fig (9.1.3.5) Pavegen Tiles , (solarimpulse,2017).

Fig (9.1.3.6) Pavegen Tiles , (Solar-power, 2020).

Fig (9.1.3.7) Pavegen Tiles , (solarimpulse,2020).

Fig (9.1.3.8) Pavegen Tiles , (pinterest, 2020).

(Fig.9.1.4.1) Active sustainability (Insidermonkey 2017) (Fig.9.1.4.2) Passive sustainability ( whitesales, 2020) (Fig.9.1.4.3) renewable ( thehimalayantimes, 2018) (Fig.9.1.4.4) storm-water( HMC Architects 2018) 9.3 MOHAMED RASHED (Fig.9.3.1.1) automotive study ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.1.2) relation between zones ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.1.3) site analysis( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.2.1) concept I ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.2.2) concept I ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.2.3) concept I ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.2.4) concept I ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.3.1) concept II ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.3.2) concept II ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.3.3) concept II ( author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.3.4) concept II ( author, 2020)

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(Fig.9.3.4.1) driver chair ( driving , 2011) (Fig.9.3.4.2) concept III plan (author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.4.3) concept III plan (author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.4.4) concept III plan (author, 2020) (Fig.9.3.4.5) zoning ( author, 2020) (Fig. 9.3.4.1 ) cement light , (IACC,2017) (Fig. 9.3.4.2 ) cement light , (IACC,2017) (Fig. 9.3.4.3 ) double skin , (gaurdian,2015) (Fig. 9.3.4.4 ) double skin detail, (archdaily,2016) (Fig. 9.3.4.5 ) solar tube lighting details , (Transition Town Payson,2011) (Fig. 9.3.4.6) solar tube lighting, (inhabitat,2017) (Fig. 9.3.4.7 ) solar tube lighting, (inhabitat,2017) (Fig. 9.3.4.8) Pave gen Tiles (Jordah,2018) (Fig. 9.3.4.9 ) Pave gen Tiles Technique ( content et al.,2018) (Fig. 9.3.4.10 ) Pave gen Tiles (portaltewntyone.com,2018) (Fig. 9.3.4.11 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) , (systems.arch ,2011) (Fig. 9.3.4.12 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) , (systems.arch ,2011) (Fig. 9.3.4.13 ) Adaptive Solar Facade (ASF) Detail , (systems.arch ,2011) 9.5 ZEYAD ASHRAF (Fig. 9.2.1) car body design (Author, 2020) (Fig. 9.2.1.2) air movement around a car (pintrest, 2019) (Fig. 9.2.1.3) air movement around in and out of the building (author, 2020) (Fig. 9.2.1.4 ) 3D conceptual sketch(author, 2020 ) Fig (9.2.2.1) Kinetic Facade concept, (topic news ,2012) Fig (9.2.2.2) Kinetic Facade, (topic news ,2012) Fig (9.2.2.3) Kinetic Facade, (topic news ,2012) Fig (9.2.2.4) Kinetic Façade structure, (topic news ,2012) (Fig. 9.2.3.1 ) turbocharger (pintrest, 2018 ) (Fig. 9.2.3.2 ) turbocharger (pintrest, 2020 ) (Fig. 9.2.3.3 ) conceptual circulation (author, 2020 ) (Fig. 9.2.3.5 ) conceptual sketch(author, 2020 ) Fig (9.2.4.1) Shell structure, (archidaily,2019) Fig (9.2.4.2) shell structure, (archidaily,2018) Fig (9.2.4.3) shell structure, (archidaily,2018) Fig (9.2.4.4) Dynamic Façade structure, (archidaily,2019) Fig (9.2.5.1) future vehicle, (pintrest, 2019) Fig (9.2.5.2) future wheels, (pintrest, 2017) Fig (9.2.5.3) wheel conceptual sketch, (Auther, 2020) Fig (9.2.5.4) conceptual sketch, (Auther, 2020)

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• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

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10 CHAPTER

Fig (9.2.6.1) Flectoflod structure, (Stuttgart, 2017) Fig (9.2.6.2) Flectoflod modules, (Stuttgart, 2017) Fig (9.2.6.3) Flectoflod modules, (Stuttgart, 2017) (Fig.9.2.7.1) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018) (Fig.9.2.7.2) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018) (Fig.9.2.7.3) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018) (Fig.9.2.7.4) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018) (Fig.9.2.7.5) sustainability ( HMC Architects 2018)

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CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER II : HISTORICAL BACKGROUND • Tony, J. (2014, February 3). Coventry University. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.coventry.ac.uk/ • COREY, B. (2016, September 25). September 25, 1725 – Inventor of the first automobile, Nicolas-Joseph Cugnot, is born. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://automotivehistory.org/automotive/september-25-1725-inventor-of-the-first-automobilenicolas-joseph-cugnot-is-born/ • Piro, N. (2020, April 22). 1771 Cugnot Fardier a Vapeur: The mother of all motorcars. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.autoweek.com/news/a2118816/1771-cugnot-fardier-vapeurmother-all-motorcars/ • Who invented the automobile? (2006, October 15). Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.loc.gov/everyday-mysteries/item/who-invented-the-automobile/ • Stevic, Z., & Radovanovic, I. (2012, December 19). Energy Efficiency of Electric Vehicles.

Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.intechopen.com/books/new-generation-of-electricvehicles/energy-efficiency-of-electric-vehicles

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• Rae, J. B., & Binder, A. K. (2018, August 2). Automotive industry. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/automotive-industry.

• Zaher, S. (2012). Automotive industry in Egypt. Academia.edu. https://www.academia.edu/32489885/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt.

• Cengage. (2013). Introduction to the Automotive Industry. https://www.dentonisd.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=101340.

• Thompson, R. (2019). Automotive maintenance & light repair. Boston, MA: Cengage.

• Binder, A. K., & Rae, J. B. (2018, August 2). Automotive industry. Retrieved from https://www.britannica.com/technology/automotive-industry • Zaher, S. (n.d.). Automotive industry in Egypt. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/32489885/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt • Automotive industry. (2020, May 14). Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automotive_industry • Foda, H. (n.d.). El-Herafeyeen The largest professional gathering for the auto parts and accessories trade in Egypt. Retrieved from https://www.maspero.eg/wps/portal/home/radio-andtv-magazine/investigations/details/9bb0356f-6117-49e1-bd872a26a6bb2a2e/!ut/p/z0/fYxBCsIwEABfFDabpok5iiC2JcSDQrsX2WBbg5KWUny_eYGnYWA YIOiBMn_TzHtaMn-KD2Qe4aobVBp9aMNZHqtbV6O7NPJuoQX6H5SD2vzJz0Ar7yR8rRA72KUVW0mYRCt0G5EEZ8HKxQrwybGwhHWNw0_9RhH4g!!/ • Furuto, A. (2013, June 18). Torre David - Informal Vertical Communities Exhibition. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/388821/torre-david-informal-vertical-communitiesexhibition?ad_medium=gallery.

• Torre David - Informal Vertical Communities Exhibition. (2013, June 18). Retrieved from https://www.archdaily.com/388821/torre-david-informal-vertical-communitiesexhibition?ad_medium=gallery • Timber Parking Garage. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://emilyristarchportfolio.squarespace.com/new-page-2

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CHAPTER III : PROJECT SELECTION • https://khatwa-sy.com/Engineering-cars-heavy machinery.html • Abdulsalam, M. (2012, March 20). information about automotive engineering study. Hotcourses UAE. https://www.hotcourses.ae/study-abroad-info/subject-info/automotiive-engineeringstudy/.

• Mostafa, Z. (2020, February 21). Strategy for electric car manufacturing in Egypt imperative.

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• Maverick, J. B. (2020, May 4). What Raw Materials do Auto Manufacturers Use? Investopedia. https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/062315/what-types-raw-materials-would-be-usedauto-manufacturer.asp • Arora, vicky. (2019, June 29). What material is used in car bodies? - Quora. what material is used in car bodies. https://www.quora.com/What-material-is-used-in-car-bodies • SAB F.P.M Filling and Packaging Machines . SAB F.B.M. (2020, March 14). https://sabsy.com/.

• Takeshi, C. (2013). Toyota's Objectives in Global Automotive Industry. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://lawaspect.com/toyotas-objectives-global-automotive-industry/ • Al-Sanadeli, i. (2019, September 13). Expert: The auto industry in Egypt is facing problems.

Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/4336876 • KhaledMay, F., & Khaled, F. (2019, June 16). Egypt's automotive industry: Between challenges in local production and an electric future. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from http://businessforwardauc.com/2019/05/19/egypts-automotive-industry-between-challenges-inlocal-production-and-an-electric-future/ • Akhbarelyom, E. (2020). Learn about the challenges facing the auto industry. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://akhbarelyom.com/news/newdetails/2961116/1/%D8%AA%D • Hallman, C. (2020, May 27). 14 Inspirational Quotes from Famous Auto Inventors and Tycoons. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.titlemax.com/14-inspirational-quotesfrom-auto-inventors/ • Karim, A., & Mostafa, Z. (2019, April 22). Automotive Division discusses sector crises.

Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://wwww.dailynewssegypt.com/2019/04/23/automotivedivision-discusses-sector-crises/ • Zaher, S. (2012). Automotive industry in Egypt. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.academia.edu/32489885/Automotive_industry_in_Egypt

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• Read "Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles" at NAP.edu. (2003).

Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.nap.edu/read/12924/chapter/4 • Resources in Education. (2000, October 15). Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://books.google.com.eg/books?id=bZS4-cH5bbkC • Figure 2f from: Deltshev C (2016) A new spider species, Heser stoevi sp. nov., from Turkmenistan (Araneae: Gnaphosidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 4: E10095. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.4.e10095. (n.d.). doi:10.3897/bdj.4.e10095.figure2f • Yurtoğlu, N. (2018). Http%3a%2f%2fwww.historystudies.net%2fdergi%2f%2fbirinci-dunyasavasinda-bir-asayis-sorunu-sebinkarahisar-ermeni-isyani20181092a4a8f.pdf. History Studies International Journal of History, 10(7), 241-264. doi:10.9737/hist.2018.658

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• Oxford, L. (2015). Automotive: Definition of Automotive by Oxford Dictionary on Lexico.com also meaning of Automotive. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.lexico.com/definition/automotive • Haider, B. (2009). MECHANICAL ENGINEERING. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://sse.aucegypt.edu/departments/mechanical-engineering • Institute, K. (2019). Find a course. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.kangan.edu.au/ • Institute, K. (2019). KPMG's Automotive Institute Publication Platform. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://automotive-institute.kpmg.de/ • Quotes, B. (2010). Auto Industry Quotes. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.brainyquote.com/topics/auto-industry-quotes • Hallman, C. (2020, May 27). 14 Inspirational Quotes from Famous Auto Inventors and Tycoons. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.titlemax.com/14-inspirational-quotesfrom-auto-inventors/ • Institute, E. (1996). Vision, Mission and Goals. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from http://www.excelautomotiveinstitute.org/mission-and-goals • Illiones, S. (2019). Mission and Goals: Automotive Technology. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://automotive.siu.edu/about/mission.php • PERRY, D. (2018). Handyman Startup Logo. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.handymanstartup.com/branding-your-vehicle/ • Answers Ltd, U. (2019, March 18). Branding in the Automotive Industry. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/marketing-branding-consumers.php • Smith, S. (1999). Learning. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/automotive-plan-program-objectives-5333 • Ferreira, F., Marques, A., Faria, J., & Azevedo, A. (1970, January 01). Large Project Management in the Automotive Industry: A Flexible and Knowledge Based Approach.

Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-312323_43 • University, F. (2019). Future University in Egypt - FUE. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/pg/fue.edu1/posts/ • Courses, G. (2017). Our courses are based on practical life more than just some theoretical information. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://rev-academy.com/ • Industry, E. (2017). Automotive companies in Egypt. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.egypt-business.com/company/katalog/Automotive • Training, A. (2019). Egypt Automotive. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/EgyptAutomotiveAR/ CHAPTER IV : DESIGN ISSUES • M, S. (2020). Architecture and Society: Designing Interactions. Sthapatya. http://sthapatya.co/architecture-and-society-designing-interactions/.

• Abitare, R. (2011, March 14). The Social Cave. Abitare. http://www.abitare.it/en/architecture/2011/03/14/the-social-cave-3/.

• Holmes, D. (2017, September 13). TCL creating social spaces at Monash University. World Landscape Architecture. https://worldlandscapearchitect.com/tcl-creating-social-spaces-atmonash-university/.

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CHAPTER V : CASE STUDIES • Mantois Technology Centre / Badia Berger Architectes Daniel Sánchez https://www.archdaily.com/548125/mantois-technology-centre-badia-berger-architectes • Mantois Technology Centre in Yvelines, France By Badia Berger Architectes https://www10.aeccafe.com/blogs/arch-showcase/2014/09/27/mantois-technology-centre-inyvelines-france-by-badia-berger-architectes/ • Saieh, N. (2010, December 16). Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/96301/kangan-batman-institute-lyons • Gollings, J. (2016, December 16). Gallery of Kangan Batman Institute / Lyons - 1. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/96301/kangan-batman-institutelyons/501345c028ba0d0ef0000a2f-kangan-batman-institute-lyons-photo • Gaete, J. (2012, October 10). Auotmative Industry Exporters Union Technical and Industrial High School / Oficina Asma Bahçeleri Houses. ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/277062/automative-industry-exporters-union-technical-andindustrial-high-school-metin-kilic-durrin-suer?ad_source=search.

• Holding , A. (2016). Aktaş Holding. https://www.aktasholding.com/en/sayfa.asp?mdl=ebulten • Circulation space. Circulation space - Designing Buildings Wiki. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Circulation_space

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• JACKSONCHOI. (2012, January 27). Net House – Robotecture Interaction. jacksonchoi. http://jacksonchoi.com/archives/244.

• Tuomaslehtinen . (2020). People at the Reichstag dome in Berlin. Dreamstime. https://www.dreamstime.com/several-tourists-walking-ramps-inside-futuristic-glass-dome-topreichstag-german-parliament-building-berlin-image151888998.

• The sport park encourage people to have social interaction at this public building. The combination of social interaction come from Space, People, and Event in ... Pinterest. https://www.pinterest.com/pin/482096335083895405/.

• Wiberg, M. (2015, April). Interactions. Interaction design meets architectural thinking | ACM Interactions. https://interactions.acm.org/archive/view/march-april-2015/interaction-designmeets-architectural-thinking.

• McGrath, Brian (2013). Urban Design Ecologies: AD Reader. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. pp. 220– 237.

• Scott, J. (2019, September 30). 3 Types of Stretching to Increase Your Flexibility. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.verywellfit.com/flexibility-definition-and-examples-3496108 • Answers Ltd. (2019, March 18). Concept of Flexibility in Architecture. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/architecture/the-concept-of-flexibility.php • Gummerson. (n.d.). Flexibility. Retrieved June 09, 2020, from https://people.bath.ac.uk/masrjb/Stretch/stretching_3.html • Blander, A., McIntosh, N., Louie, J., & Flaksman, C. (2018, January 10). Image and meaning.

Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://archleague.org/article/architecture-office-lp-interview/ • 30 St Mary Axe. (2020, May 21). Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_St_Mary_Axe • Perez, A. (2010, May 14). AD Classics: Fallingwater House / Frank Lloyd Wright. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.archdaily.com/60022/ad-classics-fallingwater-frank-lloydwright

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• AEU Technical & industrial vocational high school: MartiD. Archello. (2012). https://archello.com/project/aeu-technical-industrial-vocational-high-school • Click-on Battens Applications. Sculptform. https://sculptform.com.au/click-on-battensapplications/ • SJAHI. (1998). Saudi Japanese Automotive High Institute . SJAHI Official Portal . http://www.sjahi.org/News-Events/Photos-Gallery/Display-Photos/albumid/9.

• Saudi Japanese Automobile High Institute (SJAHI), Saudi Arabia - Company Information, Key People, Latest News and Contact Details - ZAWYA MENA Edition. (SJAHI), Saudi Arabia Company Information, Key People, Latest News and Contact Details - ZAWYA MENA Edition.

(2020, February 7). https://www.zawya.com/mena/en/company/Saudi_Japanese_Automobile_High_Institute12472236/.

• SAHAJJI. (1998). SAUDI JAPANESE AUTO INSTITUTE (SAHAJJI). SJAHI Official Portal . http://www.sjahi.org/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF/%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF. • Murad, M. (2020). Fostering a culture of lifelong learning. OECD Skills Strategy Latvia OECD Skills Studies, 84-133. doi:10.1787/cd9e1561-en • Abdallah, M. (2020, January 6). "Mubarak Cole" A German experience that has been routinely eaten .. and "education": We solve its problems. Akhbar El Youm.

• IXL: Math, Language Arts, Science, Social Studies, and Spanish. (n.d.). Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.ixl.com/?partner=google • Education, M. O. (2013). Brief description of study and training - Mubarak Cool project, 6th of October. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://sites.google.com/site/mki6october/Home/describe • University, F. (2015, September 16). Future university. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.fue.edu.eg/ • University, F. (2015). List of universities in Egypt - Wikipedia. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_universities • Azazy, H. (2015, September 16). Future university. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.fue.edu.eg/faculty/fet • Mohamed, D. (2017, August 19). Future university. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.slideshare.net/DinaMohamed51/future-university-78976988 • University, F. (2013, September 11). Campus Map. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.fue.edu.eg/contacts/campus_map • Resorcess, H. (2015, September 16). Future university. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.fue.edu.eg/hr/ • University, F. (2019). Future University in Egypt in Egypt. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.masterstudies.com/universities/Egypt/Future-Uni-Egypt/ • University, F. (2019). Future University in Egypt - FUE. Retrieved June 12, 2020, from https://www.facebook.com/pg/fue.edu1/posts/

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CHAPTER VI : SITE SELECTION

CHAPTER VII : DESIGN REQUIREMENTS • University, A. S. (2019, March 1). Campus Technology Space Standards. ASU Campus Technology Standards . https://www.asu.edu/fm/documents/project_guidelines/ClassroomDesign-Guidelines.pdf.

• Carnegie Mellon University. Meeting Room Set-ups and Styles - Conference & Event Services Carnegie Mellon University. Meeting Room Set-ups and Styles - Conference & Event Services Carnegie Mellon University. https://www.cmu.edu/conferences/facilities/meeting/uc/roomstyles.html • Escott, M. (2012). Garage Storage Ideas. House Plans Helper. https://www.houseplanshelper.com/garage-storage-ideas.html.

• Campus Technology Space Standards. ASU Campus Technology Standards . (2019, March 1). https://www.asu.edu/fm/documents/project_guidelines/Classroom-Design-Guidelines.pdf.

• Carnegie Mellon University. (2020). Meeting Room Set-ups and Styles - Conference & Event Services - Carnegie Mellon University. https://www.cmu.edu/conferences/facilities/meeting/uc/room-styles.html.

• Escott, M. (2012). Garage Storage Ideas. House Plans Helper. https://www.houseplanshelper.com/garage-storage-ideas.html.

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• Google. (2020). El-Herafyeen. Google Earth. https://earth.google.com/web/@30.1527556,31.4037561,4004.49342979a,0d,35y,0h,0t,0r?utm_source=earth7 • 6th October Site. Google Maps. (2020). https://goo.gl/maps/ybk9JrxPNr1ecs6b6.

• Google. (2020). Port Said. Google Earth. https://earth.google.com/web/@31.2626566,32.29659425,543.60868821a,3110.66431213d,35 y,359.9974h,0t,0r?utm_source=earth7.

• El Herafyeen. (2018, April 9). Retrieved June 11, 2020, from https://images.app.goo.gl/KBd5wGin3nzoVRun9 • El-Herafyeen. (2018, November 22). Retrieved June 11, 2020, from https://images.app.goo.gl/Qqmie4WpNE8gPPnh8 • Weather and climate. (2019). Wind Speed Cairo. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from https://images.app.goo.gl/ULYxsJ5diJPm4tcSA • Atlas. (2002). Weather and Climate. Retrieved June 11, 2020, from https://images.app.goo.gl/yFZ48vYsgmSRf1NH8

CHAPTER VIII : INDIVIDUAL WORK • RAZNICK, D. A. N. I. E. L. (2014, January 7). ADAPTIVE SOLAR SKIN. DANIEL RAZNICK. https://danielraznick.com/about/adaptive-solar-skin/.

• Nagy, Z., Svetozarevic, B., Jayathissa, P., Begle, M., Hofer, J., Lydon, G., … Schlueter, A. (2016, April 12). The Adaptive Solar Facade: From concept to prototypes. Frontiers of Architectural Research. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263516300048.

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• Why Your Smart Office Needs An Indoor Navigation System. LogicJunction. (2019, August 21). https://logicjunction.com/why-your-smart-office-needs-an-indoor-navigation-system/.

• Mimarlik & Kentsel Tasarim. (2016, November). Selçuk Culture and Youth Center.

ABOUTBLANK. https://www.aboutblank.cc/Selcuk-Culture-and-Youth-Center.

• AISHWARYA, A. R. Y. A. Translate Kinetic Facade: CEPT - Portfolio. Home. https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/2018/M/fd/specialization-studio-2-computational-design-2585monsoon-2018/translate-kinetic-facade-monsoon-2018-pd000417.

• Attia, S. (2017, November 10). Evaluation of adaptive facades: The case study of Al Bahr Towers in the UAE. glassonweb.com. https://www.glassonweb.com/article/evaluationadaptive-facades-case-study-al-bahr-towers-uae.

• What is sustainability? University Of Alberta. (2020). https://www.mcgill.ca/sustainability/files/sustainability/what-is-sustainability.pdf.

• marilynberlin . (2017, January). Sustainable City Sustainability PNG - Free Download.

IMGBIN.com. https://imgbin.com/png/wKSD0Ezp/sustainable-city-sustainability-png.

• Shrestha, A. (2017, February 6). Portfolio. Issuu. https://issuu.com/animeshshrestha1/docs/portfolio.

• Architects, C. (2020). Conrad Architects. Retrieved June 10, 2020, from https://www.conradarchitects.com/?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIiqy99_16QIVRYXVCh2BggFOEAAYASAAEgJZ1fD_BwE • Dunbar, B. (2015, May 12). What Is Aerodynamics? NASA. https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-aerodynamicsk4.html.

• hmc_admin. (2019, January 17). The Top 6 Sustainable Architecture Strategies for Public Building Design: Thought Leadership. HMC Architects. https://hmcarchitects.com/news/thetop-6-sustainable-architecture-strategies-for-public-building-design-2018-10-03/.

• "One Ocean" Thematic Pavilion EXPO 2012: SOMA. Arch2O.com. (2019, January 7). https://www.arch2o.com/one-ocean-thematic-pavilion-expo-2012-soma/.

• Factors enhancing aerofoil wings for wind energy harnessing in buildings,7 November 2013 http://bse.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/11/07/0143624413509097.abstract?papetoc • U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Solar Water Heaters, March 24, 2009 • James, J.P., Yang, X. Indoor and Built Environment, Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds from Several Green and Non-Green Building Materials: A Comparison, January 2004.

Retrieved: 2008-04-30.

• Photochromic Windows. Windows for High-performance Commercial Buildings. (2011). https://www.commercialwindows.org/photochromic.php.

• Photochromic glass. Photochromic glass | Private Glass. (2020). https://www.private.glass/tech/photochromic-glass/.

• Michler, A. (2011, March 21). Chicago's Willis Tower to Become a Vertical Solar Farm.

Inhabitat Green Design Innovation Architecture Green Building. https://inhabitat.com/chicagos-willis-tower-to-become-a-vertical-solar-farm/willis-tower-solarwindows-4/.

• What is Electrochromic Glass? SageGlass. (2018, January 25). https://www.sageglass.com/en/article/what-electrochromic-glass.

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• Impulse, S. (2020). Pavegen Systems - Member of the World Alliance. Hero banner. https://solarimpulse.com/companies/pavegen-systems.

• Michler, A. (2011, March 21). Chicago's Willis Tower to Become a Vertical Solar Farm.

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