Modern Cat Fall/Winter 2025/26

FALL • WINTER 2025/26

VOL 14 NO 2

62 FEATURES Stressed Cat?

Secret causes and hidden signs of stress in cats, plus proven ways to calm an anxious cat.

BY DR. MIKEL DELGADO

34

Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Catnip

Does your cat go bonkers for catnip? Or does your kitty simply not respond? The science of catnip explained.

BY SHERI RADFORD

52

How to Renew Catnip Toys

Rejuvenate your cat’s playthings with this illustrated guide to giving catnip toys a new lease on life.

52 THE GOODS 22

Gorgeous (yes, really) cat trees.

BY MICHELLE SIMPSON

54

How Cats Experience the World

32

How to Train a Cat to Use a Litter Box

How to litter-train, whether kitten, stray, or outdoor cat.

BY MIESHELLE NAGELSCHNEIDER

62

BY WENDY TROXEL

68

70

What Breed Is My Cat?

Clues that can indicate purebred parentage.

BY JANELLE MARTEL

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Healthy Paws

Solutions for everything from cat anxiety to immune support!

Sleeping with Your Cat

Is your cat affecting your sleep?

A sleep expert reveals findings.

Super Fun Cat Toys!

Five-star rated cat toys your cat will go crazy for.

What cats see, hear, and smell.

56

Modern Cat Trees That Will Elevate Your Space

74

Cat Gear Look Book

Your at-a-glance guide to the best stuff for you & your cat.

22

PHOTOS CLOCKWISE FROM TOP LEFT: AFANASIEV ANDRII/SHUTTERSTOCK; MICHELLE SIMPSON; PRYDE PETS

26

22 72

BODY & SOUL Have Cat Allergies?

This scientist couple engineered a solution.

The Naked Truth About Hairless Cat Skincare

46

Expert tips for caring for hairless cats.

BY GEOFF TEOLI

47

Dental Disease in Cats

50

7 Things You Should Absolutely Do If Your Cat Is Approaching the End of Their Life

CAT LIFE 20

BY TORY DUCHENE

REGULAR FEATURES 6 8 10 12 18 79

20

We’ve got six months of incredible giveaways—from a gorgeous cat tree to a self-cleaning litter box—and winners every two weeks. See what’s up for grabs on page 20!

10

Editor’s Letter Contributors Stuff We Love The Scoop Photo Contest Marketplace

We’re Giving It Away!

30

Signs You’re a Cat Person

How many boxes do you check?

BY MICHELLE SIMPSON

60

Interesting Cat Facts

Fascinating cat trivia and little-known feline facts.

64

A serial animal adopter’s kitten encounter.

COVER CAT This issue’s cover cat is Bella, an utterly adorable Ragdoll, photographed by the very talented Karen Weiler of Posh Pets Photography, based in Toronto, ON. Find her at poshpetsphoto.com.

BY LEE ARNOLD

72

Connie’s Book Club

Editor-in-Chief Connie Wilson’s selection of must-read books for cat lovers.

76

Tiny Cat Stories

Cat love in short form: miniature, reader-submitted cat stories of no more than 100 words.

80

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The Cypriot Kitten

Last Lick: Quotable

TOP PHOTOS L TO R: CATASTROPHIC CREATIONS; NEW PHOTOGRAPHY OF THE CAT: FROM MAGNUS CATTUS © MATT MCCARTHY

44

EDITOR'S LETTER

Social icon

Circle Only use blue and/or white.

For more details check out our Brand Guidelines.

CONNIE WILSON WITH DAO DAO, PHOTO TANYA KING

OUR READERS WRITE

T

his issue celebrates feline life and the fascinating creature that is the domestic house cat. We’ve dedicated this issue to better understanding our ‘house panthers,’ from their incredible senses to catnip response. If you’ve ever wondered what your cat is thinking, saying or feeling, this is the magazine for you!

Curling Up with Modern Cat

SWEAR I did not stage this! He just curled up right next to my latest Modern Cat magazine I had been reading earlier.

—Megan S.

Our cats’ senses differ from ours in important ways, from the colours they see to the scents and sounds they are able perceive. We delve into the differences on page 54 with How Cats Experience the World: What Cats See, Hear, and Smell.

Curious about catnip? Watching a cat in the throes of catnip-induced ecstasy is mesmerizing. What is it about catnip that cats love? Is it healthy? Why do some cats simply not respond? Writer Sheri Radford dives in with Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About Catnip: The Science of Catnip Explained. Plus, learn how to revive “dead” catnip toys with our illustrated guide, How to Renew Catnip Toys!

Is your cat stressed? Discover secret causes and hidden signs of stress in cats on page 26. Plus, find everything you need to know about caring for a hairless cat on page 46. Convinced your cat might have purebred parentage? Check out What Breed Is My Cat? for the clues to look for! Oh, and in case it’s not yet official, turn to page 30 for Signs You’re a Cat Person.

Rescue Reader

We found Simon as a rescue kitten with The NOAH Center during Sea-Meow 2024 in Seattle. Simon was immediately right at home.—Dave & Stephanie

Of course, we’ve found all the coolest cat stuff, including a round-up of modern cat trees that will elevate your space on page 22. (One of the easiest ways you can improve your cat’s life is by providing vertical space!)

We also share interesting cat facts, science-backed wellness picks, great gift ideas, giveaways, and so much more.

So jump in! As always, thank you for being a part of our amazing community of cat lovers.

With love,

Connie Wilson, Publisher & Editor-in-Chief

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Time Well Spent

Lemon’s two favourite pastimes: looking out the window and reading the latest @modern_ cat_mag. —@felinemisadventures

CON TRIBUT O R S FALL · WINTER 2025/26 VOL 14 NO 2

Geoff Teoli is the co-founder of

Publisher

Mr. Wrinkles and a devoted Sphynx cat companion based in Vancouver, BC. Inspired by the unique skincare needs of his own cats, he’s become a go-to resource for pet parents navigating the world of hairless cat care. When he’s not cleaning tiny ears or avoiding judgmental sideeyes from the bath, he’s sharing tips to help other cats live their smoothest lives. Turn to page 46 for his expert advice on hairless cat skin care, and learn more at mrwrinkles.com!

Modern Cat Inc. Editor-in-Chief

Connie Wilson Editor & Creative Director

Jennifer Nosek Design & Production

Megan Carpick Sales & Marketing

Aly Stamper Subscriptions & Office Administration

Anna Regino Administrative Assitant

Mina Zivkovic Sales

Simran Parekh Comptroller

Cecilia de Roca Chan, CPA, CGA

regular Modern Cat contributor and full-time illustrator located in Ontario, Canada. She works with many publishing companies.

Michelle’s favourite thing to draw is animals, and she has two furry co-workers that provide inspiration!

To see more of her work, visit michellescribbles.com. Turn to page 30 for her Signs You’ve Officially Become a Cat Person and page 52 for her illustrated guide on how to renew catnip toys.

INTERESTED IN SUBSCRIBING? Give us a call at 1-800-417-6289 or subscribe online at moderncat.com/subscribe Advertising inquiries call (866) 734-3131 MODERNCAT® (ISSN 1929-3933) Volume 14, Issue 2.

Published semi-annually by Modern Cat Inc. at Suite 101 2930 Arbutus St, Vancouver, BC Canada V6J 3Y9 In Canada POSTMASTER: send address changes to Modern Cat, Suite 101 - 2930 Arbutus St, Vancouver, BC Canada V6J 3Y9 In USA POSTMASTER: send address changes to Modern Cat, PO Box 4767 Blaine, WA 98231-9901.

PHONE

(604) 734-3131 OR TOLL FREE (866) 734-3131

FAX (604) 734-3031 OR TOLL FREE (866) 734-3031

The publisher is not responsible for unsolicited manuscripts, images, photographs or other materials. By accepting and publishing advertising the publisher in no way recommends, guarantees or endorses the quality of services or products within those advertisements.

Tory Duchene is a Certified

Pet Grief Specialist, End-of-Life Pet Doula, and the founder of Empawthy Pet Support. Tory helps pet parents navigate the complexities of aging, chronic illness, and the deep emotions surrounding grief and end-of-life care.

Her work honours the powerful bond between pets and people. Based in San Francisco, Tory offers services online nationwide (empawthypet.com) and in person. Turn to page 50 for things you should absolutely do if your cat is approaching the end of their life.

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Copyright 2025/26 by Modern Cat Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means, electronic or mechanical, including the Internet or photocopying without the written permission of the Publisher. Modern Cat® and its logotype are the trademarks of Modern Cat Inc. Modern Cat® is published two times a year. Two-year subscription prices: Canada $18CAD, U.S.A. $18USD, foreign $45USD. Subscription orders and customer service inquiries should be sent to Modern Cat Subscription Services, Suite 101 - 2930 Arbutus St, Vancouver, BC Canada V6J 3Y9

PRINTED IN CANADA

www.moderncat.com We acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada. Nous reconnaissons l’appui financier du gouvernement du Canada.

P H OTO O F G EO F F T EO L I BY R E D B A R K P H OTO G R A P H Y

Michelle Simpson is a

Stuff We Love

Modern Cat staffers’ picks of the litter!

1 Slip into purrfect comfort in shoes byBOBS® fromSkechers®. From the philanthropic

brand that’s donated over $13 million to help save and support more than 2 million shelter pets to date.—Aly (from $60, BOBSfromskechers.com) 2 A celebration of the magic of cats, Caught in a Cat Romance is a gorgeous photo-poetry book combining art, photography, and poetry to celebrate the joys of a life shared with felines.—Jessica ($30, aberstoatpublishing.com) 3 Offload litter box cleaning! The Litter-Robot 4 is a self-cleaning, odourcontrolling, smart litter box that tracks your cat’s health in real time, all while blending seamlessly into your home. Say goodbye to scooping and hello to smarter living.—Jory ($699, litter-robot.com) 4 ökocat’s Low Tracking Mini-Pellets Clumping Wood Cat Litter is especially ideal for long-haired cats. It’s exceptionally low tracking, soft on paws, and made from sustainably sourced natural wood for cleaner floors, happier cats, and zero compromise. Less mess, more purr!—Shakira ($18, healthy-pet.com) 5 Restore, refresh, and reinvent your cat’s beloved cat tree with cat tree parts from Feline Design! From sisal rope columns to cozy beds and perches, every piece helps bring new life to your cat’s beloved tree, because their favourite spot should never get old.—Megan (felinedesign.net) 6 Find the best vet, groomer, boarding, and more! ZooDoc’s website and app make it easy to search and compare vets, specialists, and other animal care experts in your area.—Simran (zoodoc.org) 7 Stay fresh and fuss-free! Calitti CRYSTALS silica cat litter delivers fast absorption, zero dust, and instant odour control, all without sticking to paws. The result?

A cleaner home and more quality time with your cat!—Louis ($20, calitti.com) 8 Let your purr-baby nap in luxury! Fluff & Boots dual-sided Portable Lounge Mat blends style and function with a durable carrying strap, a soft top, and plush, faux fur underside. Fold, loop, and go! Your cat’s favourite nap spot is now ready to go anywhere life takes you.—Anna ($89, fluffandboots.com) 9 Discover the cat litter that your cat will love, and the environment will thank you for! Catalyst Pet’s Soft Wood Litter is a lightweight, biodegradable litter made from upcycled wood—gentle on paws, tough on mess, and kind to the Earth.

With superior absorption and excellent odour control, it’s a win-win for you, your cats, and the environment!—Jennifer ($23/month (10lbs), catalystpet.com) 10 An adult colouring book featuring the stories of real-life rescue cats? Yes please! Enjoy heartwarming rescue stories and the therapeutic effects of colouring with Madeleine Belanger’s charming Rescue Cat Coloring Book.—Connie ($11, medialabbooks.com) 11 Say hello to easy, smell-free litter disposal from the makers of Diaper Genie! The Litter Genie Platinum Stainless Steel Pail is sleek, durable, and odour-locking, sealing in unpleasant odours to keep your space fresh. Pair with the new Litter Genie Light Clumping Litter for an all-around pleasant and easy litter box experience!—Mina (littergenie.com) 12 A Friend for Ruby is a charming children’s picture book that will delight cat-loving kids. In her quest for a friend, Ruby the cat encounters a bunch of creatures that don’t quite fit the bill, before receiving her very own kitten— the perfect playmate for a cat that was losing hope of finding a best friend.

Adorable!—Cecilia ($24, amazon.com) 13 Hold on to what matters most. Celebrate the bond you share with your cat with a handcrafted custom photo magnet from Furever Framed. Featuring vibrant colour and a sleek, glossy finish, each piece turns a treasured moment into a timeless keepsake. Great gift idea!—Chili ($9, fureverframed.com)

Discover Your Cat’s Warrior Name Follow the instructions below to reveal your cat’s secret Warrior Cat name

1. Pick the First Letter of Your Cat’s First Name N – Nettle O – Oak P – Petal Q – Quick R – Raven S – Spotted T – Tawny U – Urchin V – Violet W – Wasp X – Vixen Y – Yellow Z – Breeze

2. Pick the Month You Were Born January – Tail February – Paw March – Song April – Heart May – Tooth June – Pelt

July – Wing August – Claw September – Star October – Leaf November – Nose December – Whisker

My Cat’s True Warrior Name Is: The name corresponding with the first letter of your cat’s name

The name corresponding with the month you were born

PA R A N O I C / B I G STO CK

A – Ash B – Briar C – Cloud D – Dove E – Eagle F – Fire G – Gray H – Hawk I – Ivy J – Juniper K – Kestrel L – Lion M – Mist

New “Salty Licorice”

Cat Coat Pattern Linked to Genetic Mutation

H

ere’s some fun science!

A collaboration between the University of Helsinki in Finland and the pet genetic testing company Wisdom Panel has identified the genetic mutation behind the recently discovered “salty licorice” coat colouring seen on some Finnish cats.

The striking “salty licorice” cats with their distinctive white fur pattern were first spotted in the Finnish village of Petäjävesi more than 15 years ago.

They were given the name “salmiak” or “salty licorice” by researchers due to the unique coat colouring’s resemblance to the popular Finnish candy—black licorice dotted with white salt.

Salty licorice cats look similar to tuxedo cats but with distinctive colouring: ombré strands of fur that start out dark at the base before fading to white.

These felines have dark markings on their faces, but their fur becomes increasingly white towards the back of their bodies, ending with the tip of the tail being primarily white.

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Geneticist Hannes Lohi and his researcher team at the University of Helsinki—which houses a biobank of 5,000 blood samples from more than 40 feline breeds—were curious how these cats got their unique look, so they studied their DNA, with cat owners and breeders offering their cat’s DNA for the research.

The scientists’ study, published in the journal Animal Genetics in May, found that a novel gene mutation is responsible for the exceptional fur pattern.

The team called the gene variant w-sal, for salmiak. Each of the salmiak cats had two copies of the recessive gene.

A few of the other cats had one copy (not resulting in the unique salty licorice colour), while the rest of the regularcoloured cats had none.

The gene is a variant of the KIT proto-oncogene (KIT) gene, which is “associated with an absence of melanocytes in the skin and hair follicles,” the researchers found.

Gene variants that give cats and dogs white fur can sometimes cause deafness, though that doesn’t seem to be the case with w-salmiak.

The name “salmiak” or “salty licorice” comes from the popular Finnish candy: black licorice dotted with white salt.

Lohi says the main goal of this work, “is to understand the molecular and environmental causes of feline disorders.”

Are salty licorice cats going to be the next big thing?

“It is possible that breeders will choose to develop a population of salty licorice cats,” says Lohi. “However, the health of the salty licorice cats should be followed in more detail to confirm the absence of any colour-related health issues.” ■

TO P P H OTO : A R I K A N K A I N E N ; I N SE T P H OTO TO B I A S A R H E LG E R / A D O B ESTO CK

Genetic mutation behind Finland’s “salty licorice” cats identified

CAPTION THIS! Test your “funny.” Create a caption for this cartoon and submit your entry at moderncat.com/cartooncaption. The most comic captions will be published in the next issue.

C A RTO O N S BY J O H N K LO SS N E R ; J K LO SS N E R . CO M

I'm Luna!

MOST POPULAR

AND THE WINNING CAPTIONS FROM LAST ISSUE ARE…

CAT NAMES

rustedHousesitters, a platform that connects pet owners with individuals willing to pet sit in exchange for free accommodation, analyzed their database of more than 100,000 pet names to determine the most popular cat names of 2025. The following, from human names to more classic cat monikers like Pepper, Coco, and Shadow, topped the list!

TOP CAT NAMES OF 2025: # # # # # # # # # # # #

#

1. Luna

#

3. Lucy

#

5. Leo

#

2. Charlie

#

4. Bella

#

6. Oliver

#

8. Lily

#

10. Loki

#

12. Kitty

#

7. Max

#

9. Milo

#

11. Cleo

#

13. Olive

14. Willow

15. Sophie 16. Ollie

17. Pepper 18. Coco

19. Shadow 20. Gracie 21. Oscar

22. Chloe 23. Rosie 24. Jack

25. Frankie

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“I found a place to hide that mouse…”

SUBMITTED BY DAVID BASS

RUNNER-UP CAPTIONS “If you hit the right spot, she'll kick out her leg and hit the automatic feeder with her foot.”

SUBMITTED BY TERI DILLON

“I'll keep her occupied while you look for snacks.”

SUBMITTED BY SUSAN GALE WICKES

“During the day I’m an instructor, at night I work Security.”

SUBMITTED BY JOSEPH DEWAN

“Cat, Cow? Well, if we’re the cats, then who’s the cow?”

SUBMITTED BY KORINNE GRIFFITH

“I'm not doing much, but I think I need a nap.”

SUBMITTED BY JOE AYELLA

L E FT P H OTO : TO P P H OTO E N G I N E E R / B I G STO CK

T

OF 2025

!

E L I SM Awww !

moderncat’s

miso

honey lachlan & caspian

kevin

phoebe

manford

louis

beans

tipsy

maple

nova

ranger

SIMBA

scout

milo homer

e! t u c Too Xander

nalla

ricky & prints

bean

yuri

PENNE & ZOEY

skye

scarlett

marceline

winnie diesel

leia

! e l b a r o d A DORY Think your cat ought to grace the pages of Modern Cat?

milo

DEXTER

Upload your cat's photo at moderncat. com/photo-contest. Not only will he or she be entered to be our Cat of the Week, but a selection of the photos entered will appear on these pages!

ENTER TO WIN We’re giving it away! Enter to win fabulous giveaways from November through April.

Go to moderncat.com/giveaways to enter! Lucky readers will win every two weeks.

November

1st-14th

Win 1 of 5 Cat-Inspired Personalized Soy Candles from My Three Cats! Winners choose their candle designs and fragrances! Non-toxic, long-burning, and made of natural soy wax.

January

1st-14th

Win 1 of 2 prize packs from Kitty Poo Club! Includes an XL Box with Fine-Grain Silica Litter, 1 XL Dome, 1 scoop, 1 DryMate litter mat, 2 stickers, and 5 cat toys!

March

1st-14th

Win 1 of 3 prize packs from Catalyst Pet! Includes 6 months of cat litter, a premium scoop, natural tracking mat, and highly compostable waste bags!

December

15 -30 th

th

Win a Leo’s Loo Too Super Starter Bundle from Casa Leo! Includes a Leo’s Loo Too Self-Cleaning Litter Box, litter mat, 50 waste-drawer liners, 2 boxes of carbon filters, 3 toys, and a 3-year warranty!

15th -31st

Win 1 of 3 $200 prize packs of Pure Cravings cat food, the only 100% mercury-tested tuna and salmon for cats. Human-grade, non-GMO, and grain-free, plus it’s sustainably wild-caught and 100% traceable!

15 -31 th

st

Win 1 of 2 prize bundles featuring 7 fun, cat-centric books and games from The Quarto Group!

1st-14th

Win 1 of 2 Ultimate Hairless Cat Skincare Kits from Mr. Wrinkles Pet Care! Includes a Skin Cleanser, hydrating Skin Elixir, Waterless Cleansing Foam, and nourishing Toe Bean Oil—everything your Sphynx or hairless cat needs!

15th -31st

Win 1 of 10 three-month subscriptions to the Spoiled Cats Club, a themed monthly box of the best toys your cats have ever zoomed for!

February

1st-14th

Win a PetPace AI Smart Cat Collar allowing real-time monitoring of your cat’s health and 24/7 global telehealth and telemedicine!

Subscription required.

April

1st-14th

Win 1 of 2 feline wellness packs from Vetericyn! Includes 2 Vetericyn Plus Feline Antimicrobial Facial Therapy, 2 Feline Antimicrobial Hydrogel, 2 Feline Antimicrobial Wound & Skin Care & 1 Antimicrobial Ear Rinse!

15th -28th

Win an Armarkat Amni Cat Tree, the all-in-one play and rest station featuring natural branches, OR 1 of 2 adorable, plush, and cozy Armarkat pumpkin-shaped cat beds!

15th -30th

Win 1 of 5 one-year subscriptions to Modern Cat magazine, chock full of helpful articles, heart warming stories, and so many cute cat photos!

No purchase necessary to enter or win. Beginning November 1, 2025 at 12:01 AM (PST) through April 30, 2026 at 11:59 PM (PST), enter each day at moderncat.com/giveaways. Each biweekly giveaway ends at 11:59 PM (PST). Every two weeks, the specified number of winners for that giveaway will win the prize featured in the giveaway calendar (ARV: $200). Odds of winning depend on the number of entries received. Contest is open to legal Canadian and/or US residents 18 and older as of date of entry. Void in Puerto Rico and where prohibited by law. Giveaway subject to complete official rules available at moderncat.com/giveaways.

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INSET PHOTO: MOYA SUBMITTED BY VANESSA

s y a w a e v i G t a Gre

1

Modern Cat-sterpiece Catit’s modern, linear Vesper Patio cat tree reminds us of a Mondrian painting. Though your cats may not care about abstract art influences, they will LOVE the four stories, sisal scratching pad, and cozy den complete with memory foam cushions ($370, catit.ca)

Pryde Pets Wall-Mounted Cat Shelves, prydepets.com

modern

cat trees that will elevate

your space

P

roviding a cat tree is one of the easiest ways to immediately enrich your indoor cat’s environment and expand their territory—but oldschool cat trees were an eyesore.

Not so this latest crop of modern options that have style in spades. Upgrade to one of these cool cat trees loved by cats and design savvy cat lovers alike. These picks are the cream of the crop!

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2Plush Jellyfish Tree

Purr Nook’s Jellyfish Cat Trees are a work of art, combining fun design with solid wood construction and beautiful fabrics.

Multiple perches, scratching mats, and a cozy hideaway delight cats up to 18 pounds. Not only that, but the top cover houses a wireless infrared sensor light that transforms the cat tree into a softly glowing floor lamp when it detects your cat’s movement in the dark! (from $239, purrnook.com)

6Boho Beauty 3

Cat-tastic Wall Shelves Minimal, modern, and irresistibly soft, these are the wallmounted cat shelves of your cat’s dreams! This four-pack of modular, space-saving, and stylish climbing shelves from Pryde Pets features one curved, one long, and one short shelf to fulfill your cat’s natural desire to climb and lounge up high, safe from pestering dogs or children. Made from recycled bottles, they hold up to 26 pounds. ($150, prydepets.com/moderncat (Get $10 off with code MODERNCATPRYDE))

This gorgeous boho cat tree is a customizable showstopper. Suitable for up to four cats, the Ivy from Mau features four cozy baskets with plush cushions, hanging pom-pom toys, and a curved trunk wrapped in sisal scratching rope for climbing! ($400, mythreecats.com)

4Pine Cat Tree

The ultimate adventure tower for your feline crew!

Armarkat’s super tall, Scots pine cat tree boasts 89” of vertical space, seven levels, and two cozy, cushion-lined playhouses. Cats love the height and sisal-wrapped posts while you’ll love the minimal design, original wood grain, and natural pine scent. ($399, armarkat.com)

5Kitty Bridge

This gorgeous wall-mounted cat tree is a cat’s dream come true! With multiple hammocks, a scratching post, and even an Indiana Jones-style bridge, it doesn’t get more fun—or better looking—than this. The Juggernaut Indoor Cat Playground is ideal for multiple or large cats and provides various routes and obstacles for cats to climb, promoting both mental and physical exercise. ($860, catastrophicreations.com)

7

Purrfect Tower

The beautiful Grove Cat Tower provides prime real estate x2 with a cozy lower-level lounge and a penthouse perch.

Its’ modern, clean lines look stunning no matter where you place it— bedroom, living room, or in front of a window for a perch with a view. ($649, tuftandpaw.com)

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PHOTO: VIACHESLAV MAKSIMOV/SHUTTERSTOCK

STRESSED CAT? Causes and signs of stress in cats, plus proven ways to calm an anxious cat

By Dr. Mikel Delgado

C

AN CATS TELL TIME? You may

have noticed that your cat knows when it’s time for dinner. Like clockwork, the pacing and meowing begin.

My cat Clarabelle would often put herself to bed exactly at 10 pm, even if I was staying up a little late. These daily rituals provide structure and predictability to your cat’s life. Cats are

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known to be creatures of habit, but did you know just how sensitive they can be to change?

A 2011 study of laboratory cats in a research program demonstrated how much cats can be affected by changes to their routine. The cats and their regular caretaking were tracked for almost three years. During that time, life happened. The cats were exposed

to “unexpected external events (UEE)” which included the absence of their usual caregiver, changes to the time of their usual care and feeding, and a lack of enrichment (e.g., music, playtime) for a few weeks.

The cats’ responses were significant: compared to when the cats received typical care, the cats experiencing change were more likely to vomit, have

PHOTO: EVDOHA/ADOBESTOCK

diarrhea, urinate outside their litter boxes, and eat less than usual, even when they were physically healthy. The researchers referred to these clinical signs as “sickness behaviours.”

Although the relationship between stress and health was not a new concept, it was unknown how strong this relationship was for cats. “This was the first study to investigate sickness behaviours in cats as a response to psychological stressors or UEE,” notes Dr. Judi Stella, lead author of the 2011 study, and a Senior Scientist at Purdue University, where she researches dog and cat welfare and behaviour.

“Our findings are directly transferrable to cats in homes. For example, if an owner is out of town and the cat is cared for by a pet sitter, the cat would perceive the change in caretaker similarly to the cats in the study.”

Though we can’t prevent cats from experiencing any stress, we can help them adapt by introducing changes slowly and gradually. Dr. Stella also suggests “socializing kittens with a variety of people and experiences will help them cope with stressors later in life.”

Here are some of the most common sources of stress for cats in homes, and how you can help:

1



Changes to your daily routine:

When possible, try to set up a schedule you can stick to every day, regardless of your work hours. Feed your cat, clean their litter box, and play with them at around the same time each day.



If you are going to be gone for more than 12 to 24 hours, have a pet sitter come to care for your cat, trying to adhere to the cat’s regular schedule as much as possible. As Dr. Stella recommends, “Having a pet sitter the cat is familiar with will help the cat feel less threatened by the change.”

 

Leave your cat with items that smell like you—dirty socks or a gently worn T–shirt can be comforting.

Don’t forget the fun stuff! Food puzzles, safe solo toys, bird videos, and a window perch that allows sunbathing can keep your cat busy while you are gone.



Timed feeders can help you feed your cat on their regular schedule, but they should not replace basic care (you still need a pet sitter!).

2

Changes to who is living in your home:



Whether entertaining guests or adding a new housemate (such as a baby, romantic partner, or new companion animal), personnel changes are MAJOR for kitties. New beings in the house mean new smells, sounds, interactions, and habits.



Give your cat hiding spaces if they are unsure of visitors. Never pull a cat out of hiding or force them to interact with guests.

moderncat.com

27



Make sure your cat can still easily access critical resources (litter box, food, water, safe spaces) if they aren’t ready to meet visitors or new household members.



Take the time to introduce your cat to new sounds and smells BEFORE a baby arrives. Pair these experiences with treats, so your cat has a positive association with them.



With new pets in the home, do a slow, controlled introduction based on positive experiences.



Excessive hiding, conflict, and sickness behaviours are a warning sign—seek help from your veterinarian and a qualified behaviour professional.

“



Construction and remodeling are loud to cats’ sensitive ears. White noise or other sound buffers (think classical music) can make scary sounds less threatening.

Our cats rely on us to reduce uncertainty about things they can’t control, like when they get fed. Routine does exactly that!”



Set up a safe room and encourage your cat to spend time away from the main source of noise.



Seek help from your veterinarian for short-acting medication to reduce your cat’s stress and anxiety.



When adding or moving furniture, let your cat explore changes on their own time. Never force a cat to explore before they are ready, for example, by picking them up and placing them on that new couch— forced interactions often backfire and increase fear.

4

Changes to diet or litterboxes:



If you want to try a new type of food or kitty litter, offer change as a choice. Place the new food in a bowl next to their regular food; add a new litter box with the new type of litter rather than abruptly replacing all litter.

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

Let your cat take some time to show you what they like and accept their preferences. They may be perfectly happy with their current food or litter!

Putting it all together Our cats rely on us to reduce uncertainty about things they can’t control, like when they get fed.

Routine does exactly that! While it’s okay to provide your cats with a little

novelty, such as a new toy or cat bed, it should be done in the context of stability.

Identifying stress in your cat is the first step to helping them. Dr. Stella advises, “Monitoring for sickness behaviours may be an easy way for owners to identify stress…these behaviours are often dismissed as “normal” but are often a response to the perception of threat.” ■

PHOTO: OKRASYUK/BIGSTOCK

3

Chaos in or out of the home:

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food, wet food or treats in any combination, at any time in the Catit PIXI Smart 6-Meal Feeder—day or night, as scheduled in the free Catit PIXI mobile app. catit.ca

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easy to accommodate your cat’s kneading thanks to its clawresistant insert, luxurious faux fur cover, and sleek design.

Enjoy convenience in style and say goodbye to that scrunched up blanket and bulky pillow! fluffandboots.com

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scrubbing, scraping, and odors by delivering a fresh, disposable litter box every month. No harsh chemicals, bacteria, or lastminute store runs—just convenience. kittypooclub.com moderncat.com

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Signs You’ve Officially Become a

Cat Person Illustration by Michelle Simpson

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CAT TOYS!

super

fun

Five-star-rated cat toys your cat will go crazy for

23

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Let your cat catch and play with magnetic prey! The Magnetic Catch Wand actually lets your cat detach and make off with their “prey” and feel like they’ve won! Three interchangeable toys let you switch out the lure at the end, and a telescoping wand offers compact or extended play! turnipet.com

10

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The Get Sprung Refillable Mushroom Cat Toy from Meowijuana is all around fun…gus! Fill the side pocket with a pinch of premium, all-natural North American Catnip—a five-gram tube is included—and transform this adorable mushroom into pouncing, rolling, and frolicking good times. The crinkly top adds to the fun! Simply refill with catnip as needed! meowijuana.com

Mesmerize your cat with this acclaimed, handcrafted cat toy inspired by cats’ natural hunting style. The Rompicatz BugzBird attachment is the ultimate glider bug toy. Use it with a rod for the ultimate in interactive play and captivate your cat with its realistic motion in flight or skipping along the ground. rompicatz.ca

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Lizzie the Lizard is a fan favourite cat lure with a classic design that drives cats wild! With handwoven, all natural fibers and a leather tail and legs, it has a texture cats love. Realistic movements bring out your cat's hunting instinct. Attaches to rods with a snap swivel or swivel clip for chasing and pouncing fun! christhecat.com

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$

Armarkat’s Pinewood Ferris Wheel Cat Toy is an adorable interactive play center that draws cats in and keeps them playing!

Sisal-wrapped balls spin as your cat bats at them, while the base brings yet more fun with wooden balls that race around the track, inviting pushing and chasing. armarkat.com

EVERYTHING YOU EVER WANTED

TO KNOW ABOUT CATNIP

It’s

a rare, strong-willed person who can resist the internet’s endless scroll of videos showing cats loopy on catnip—rolling around, yowling, drooling, purring, sniffing, frantically grooming—but what is this mysterious plant, and why does it have such a powerful effect on felines? Is it harmful or beneficial? Are any cats immune to it? And why do so many scientists keep studying it? We have the answers to these questions and more.

WHAT IS CATNIP?

Nepeta cataria, better known as catnip, is a perennial herb that’s part of the mint family. Grown throughout temperate regions of North America, Europe, Asia, and New Zealand, catnip can easily be cultivated in backyard gardens or in small

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pots on apartment balconies. This drought-tolerant herb can reach up to three feet tall, blooming from late spring to autumn, and it has square stems, lavender flowers, and lightgreen or gray-green foliage.

WHAT CAUSES CATNIP’S EFFECT ON CATS?

The key to how catnip drives kitties crazy is an iridoid chemical compound called nepetalactone. “When cats smell catnip, nepetalactone binds to receptors in their nasal tissue and stimulates sensory neurons that trigger a response in the brain—particularly the amygdala and hypothalamus, which control emotion and behaviour,” explains Nita Vasudevan, a veterinarian at Embrace Pet

PHOTO: SOUPSTOCK/BIGSTOCK

By Sheri Radford

studies over the years have examined catnip’s efficacy at repelling not just mosquitoes but also flies, termites, cockroaches, ticks, and mites.

PHOTO: KYM MACKINNON/SHUTTERSTOCK

Sensitivity to catnip is genetic. Studies show that around 30% to 50% of cats have little to no response to it.

Insurance who is based in Orlando, FL. “This causes rolling, rubbing, vocalizing and bursts of energy that last about 10 to 15 minutes.”

The effects of nepetalactone go beyond TikTok-friendly feline antics.

“Nepetalactone has been shown to have mosquito-repelling properties, which may even make it helpful for cats to rub in,” says Dr. Mikel Maria Delgado, a scientist and cat behaviour expert at Feline Minds, from her home in Sacramento, CA. She points out that “mosquitoes can carry

heartworm, which can be deadly to cats.” From a hunting standpoint, annoying mosquitoes can also make it challenging for a cat to stay motionless and silent while tracking prey. By ecstatically rolling around in catnip, a cat gets covered in the plant’s oils, which act as a natural insect repellent.

A study published in Science Advances in January 2021 showed that cats’ rubbing behaviour with both catnip and silvervine, a catnip alternative, gives them a chemical defense against mosquito bites. Various other

ARE ALL CATS AFFECTED

BY CATNIP?

It may surprise some pet owners— particularly those whose felines regularly bliss out on catnip—to learn that not all kitties react to the herb.

“Sensitivity to catnip is genetic, and studies show that around 30% to 50% of cats have little to no response to it,” says Josh Wiesenfeld, a pet expert in Santa Monica, CA, and the founder of Boxiecat. “This genetic trait is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, meaning a kitten only needs one copy of the ‘catnip gene’ to be responsive.”

And it’s not just house cats who experience the herbal hijinks. Staff at the Big Cat Rescue Centre in Arkansas report that the majority of their tigers, lions, mountain lions, lynx, and bobcats have a euphoric reaction to their weekly catnip treat. Visit the organization’s website (bigcatrescue.org) and look for the videos of big cats ripping apart paper bags of catnip and rolling around in obvious delight.

Kittens, on the other hand—whether big cats or house cats—tend to show no reaction to catnip. Most kittens

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don’t respond to catnip until they are between three and six months old—and some senior cats don’t respond either.

“If a cat doesn’t respond to catnip, it’s not a cause for concern,” says Wiesenfeld. “It just means they don’t have the genetic sensitivity or they’re in a non-responsive life stage.”

ARE OTHER ANIMALS OR HUMANS AFFECTED

BY CATNIP?

How catnip affects humans is unclear.

Historically, catnip tea has been used to help with digestion, ease congestion, soothe anxiety, and promote sleep, but

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the herb’s effectiveness has not been scientifically proven. Some intrepid souls have even tried smoking catnip, but this is not recommended (and is more likely to cause drowsiness than a buzz).

Though catnip acts as a stimulant for cats, it has the opposite effect on dogs. Ingesting the herb causes a mild sedative effect in dogs, while other animals show no reaction whatsoever.

HOW LONG DO THE EFFECTS OF CATNIP LAST?

The euphoria from catnip doesn’t last very long. “Cats experience the effects for about 10 to 15 minutes, after which they enter a refractory period where

they’re temporarily immune to its effects,” Wiesenfeld explains. “During this time—usually about 30 minutes— they won’t react even if exposed to more catnip. This natural reset mechanism helps prevent overstimulation.”

Employing catnip too often can be counterproductive. “Cats who use it too frequently may have a decreased response over time,” says Stephen Quandt, a cat behaviour specialist in New York City. “I like to think of giving catnip as a treat, once, maybe twice a day at most.”

IS CATNIP BENEFICIAL?

For cats with the “catnip gene,” the plant can elicit several different positive reactions. Some cats “may become euphoric and playful, others mellow and relaxed,” says Londonbased Aimee Warner, the resident veterinarian at UK pet-insurance company Waggel. But the benefits of catnip extend further than mere enjoyment. Warner recommends using catnip for enrichment. “Sprinkle it on scratching posts or toys or use it in refillable pouches to promote play and exercise.”

PHOTO: PHOTOBRET2014/SHUTTERSTOCK

Sprinkle catnip on scratching posts or toys or use it in refillable pouches to promote play and exercise.

Catnip can be a useful tool to promote desired behaviours. As if by magic, an unfamiliar scratching post, litter box or carrier becomes more appealing and less intimidating by being rubbed, sprayed or sprinkled with catnip. The herb can also help alleviate boredom, a common problem with domestic cats.

Another worthy use of catnip is in providing comfort to anxious animals. “It’s handy for convincing shy or sedentary cats to venture to parts unknown or to play with new toys,” says Warner. “In shelters, it’s commonly used to alleviate stress and promote natural activity in cats that may be anxious or depressed.”  Yeowww’s Mo Betta Fish

cat toy comes stuffed with organically grown catnip to bring playtime to new heights. Crinkle fabric adds to the fun. ($8, yeowww.com)

IS CATNIP SAFE?

To a casual observer, the effects of catnip can look disconcertingly like a drug-induced high. However, the herb is natural, non-toxic, and safe for cats, with no known long-term side effects. “Catnip is not addictive in the clinical or behavioural sense.

Their brains generally don’t become dependent on it, and they don’t experience withdrawal if it’s taken away,” Vasudevan explains. “That said, some cats may appear to crave it or seek it out frequently, especially if it’s part of their routine or enrichment.

But this is more of a learned behaviour or preference, not true addiction.”

She does caution that supervision is advised for the first few times catnip is offered, since it may cause some cats to become overstimulated or aggressive.

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In shelters, catnip is commonly used to alleviate stress and promote natural activity in cats that may be anxious or depressed.

Joey Lusvardi is a cat behaviour consultant at Class Act Cats in Minneapolis, MN, who often deals with feline aggression issues. He points out that “just because your cat behaves aggressively or seems a little more wild doesn’t necessarily mean you can’t give them catnip. You need to be extra careful with it but depending on the underlying reason for the aggressive behaviour, it may actually help in some cases.” For example, the catnip might help to improve the mood of a cat experiencing fear or stress. He emphasizes, “It’s worth checking with your veterinarian or a qualified cat behaviour professional to get their take in these situations.”

With catnip, moderation is key. “While cats don’t technically overdose on catnip in a toxicological sense, eating

large quantities—such as chewing through a sachet or licking up a large pile—can cause mild gastrointestinal upset, like vomiting or diarrhea,” Wiesenfeld says. “These effects are temporary and self-limiting, but I always recommend keeping catnip stored securely when not in use and observing your cat during and after play.” To ensure that the wiliest felines don’t help themselves to too much of the tempting herb, it’s best to keep it safely tucked away in a sturdy airtight container.

Warner mentions a particular instance in which catnip might not be a good idea: “I tend to suggest playing it safe and avoiding it in cats that have a history of seizures, or with other neurological conditions, even as a precaution.” ■

PHOTO: SCALIA MEDIA/SHUTTERSTOCK

“An unfamiliar scratching post, litter box or carrier becomes more appealing and less intimidating by being rubbed, sprayed or sprinkled with catnip.”

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Luna Cat Gemstone Pendants are the purrfect present for the cat lover in your life! Choose lapis lazuli, rose quartz or moonstone genuine gemstones.

Each one-of-a-kind silver cat charm is handcrafted in the U.S. mythreecats.com

A story about love, grief, and redemption. And a very naughty cat. This charming book is perfect for every animal lover! penguinrandomhouse.ca

Make your cat go batty. Like, literally. The Yeowww! Cat Bat features a durable cotton body filled with 100% organically grown catnip, plus crinkle-fabric wings for multi-sensory fun.

High flying good times made in the USA! yeowww.com

Triple the joy with Fluff & Boots’ three-piece Signature Set featuring the Portable Lounge Mat, Knead-it Pad™, and Premium Blanket at a special bundled price. Give the gift of comfort, kneading love, and luxury aesthetic to enjoy yearround. fluffandboots.com

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Nip Kickers deliver the ultimate catnip coma—crafted with organic catnip, cruelty-free feathers, plant fiber and 100% organic fabric. Your cat will love licking and kicking this eco-friendly, irresistible pillow toy! fox-and-feline.com

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Your cat already rules the house—now let them rule the fridge! Turn a favourite feline photo into a custom magnet.

A purr-fect gift for cat lovers, made by Furever Framed. fureverframed.com

Give your cats a superior window perch they’ll adore! The Nest from Feline Design is a perch and post customizable to your window height. Use code ALYGG0725 for a 20% discount until 4/30/2026.

Retaliatory tariffs refunded with pleasure! felinedesign.net

Meowijuana®’s Purrple Passion Whack ’n’ Roll features a compressed ball of high-quality catnip and silvervine inside a refillable cage toy, encouraging your cat to bat, chase, and roll. smarterpaw.com

Litter-Robot is the self-cleaning litter box that automatically separates waste from clean litter, eliminates scooping, and controls odor, making life easier for cat parents everywhere. litter-robot.com Never lose track of your cat again with the 100% waterproof Pawfit Lite pet location and activity tracker. Using the most reliable 4G network, this lightweight and comfortable GPS tracker protects pets with confidence. pawfit.com or amazon.com

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The Magnetic Catch Wand from Turnipet is a magnetic cat toy that lets your cat actually catch and feel like they won!

Includes three toys for endless fun. (Refill toy packs sold separately). turnipet.com

Keep your home cleaner with Tuft & Paw’s Really Great Cat Litter: ultra-low tracking, flushable, clumping, and 99% dust-free. Eco-friendly and made from soybeans, it’s the best tofu cat litter for easy cleanup. tuftandpaw.com

Whether it’s your car, couch, or carpet, Fur-Zoff’s patented recycled material will quickly remove pet hair from the fabrics of your life! Works for all types of pet hair. amvllcproducts.com

Maintain a peaceful cat space with the Door Buddy Door Prop. Perfect for separating cats from high-energy or littersnacking dogs. Installs in seconds—no gates, cutting, or stress required. thedoorbuddy.com or amazon.com

You don’t have to have a backyard to give your cat a taste of the outdoors. The Cat Solarium is the stylish open-air feline sunroom with a panoramic view. Let your indoor cat outside safely! catsolarium.com or call 256-491-6560

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Have Cat Allergies?

This Scientist Couple Engineered a Solution Meet the married Princeton scientists who spent $2,000,000 developing an anti-allergy solution to keep their family together

W

ould you spend $2,000,000 to get rid of your cat allergies? Married scientists Dr. Evan Zhao and Dr. Siyang Han did just that developing a revolutionary anti-allergy spray called Pacagen. Their inspiration?

Their cat, MiaoMiao.

Their adored British Shorthair brought an abundance of love—and allergies—into their lives. Han found she was allergic, experiencing a stuffy nose, itchy eyes, and asthma symptoms. The couple couldn’t bear to part with MiaoMiao, so Zhao, with his background in biotechnology, decided to engineer a solution.

He turned to a special class of proteins that he studied during his PhD which could be tailored to target specific allergens and turned into a spray.

The resulting product is their cat allergen neutralizing spray, which is easy to use, effective for anyone with cat allergies, and completely safe for both people and pets.

“The spray contains special proteins we’ve named WhiskerBlock that neutralize specifically the allergen that they were designed for. For the cat spray, the proteins target the allergen Fel D1. For the dog spray, the (different) proteins target the allergens CAN F1 and CAN F2,” explains Zhao. The innovative structure transforms allergenic tetramers into non-reactive monomers.

Simply spray the space you’re in. It works instantly on the allergens. “It was so effective that I could stop taking antihistamines altogether,” says Han.

MiaoMiao

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So far, they have sold 100,000 units. “People are amazing at sending us updates on the product,” says Evan. “Customers are amazed at how well it works.” ■

BODY & SOUL

Naked Truth Hairless Cat Skin The

About

Care HARING YOUR LIFE WITH A HAIRLESS CAT is a special kind of adventure—one that comes with fur-free cuddles but plenty of extra skincare quirks. Without a built-in fur coat, these cats are all about the glow-up, and it’s up to us to keep their skin feeling as fabulous as they look.

Because hairless cats don’t have fur to absorb oils, their skin works overtime, sometimes leading to buildup, greasy spots, or even the occasional breakout (yes, cats get pimples!). Their skin is also more sensitive to temperature changes, allergens, and the sun. But here’s the truth: they’re only high maintenance when things get out of balance.

The perks? No fur on your clothes, no hairballs, and no tumbleweeds of fluff under the couch. With the right routine, caring for a hairless cat is simple—just different.

When it comes to bathing, less is more. Many pet shampoos can dry out delicate skin, so it’s best to use a gentle, pH-balanced cleanser made for cats. A full bath every 2–4 weeks will do the trick, with wipe-downs in between to keep things fresh.

DO HAIRLESS CATS CAUSE ALLERGIES? Yes, hairless cats like the Sphynx can still cause allergies, even though they don’t have fur. The primary allergens from cats come from their skin cells (aka dander), saliva, and urine, not just fur. While hairless cats shed less dander, they still produce proteins in their saliva, skin, and urine that can trigger allergic reactions.

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By Geoff Teoli

Hairless cats also need regular ear cleaning. Without fur to catch debris, wax builds up faster and can lead to infections.

A gentle, vet-approved cleanser once a week helps keep their ears clean and healthy. Nails need attention too, as oils and dust can gather around the nail beds; regular trims and cleaning prevent grime (and protect your furniture).

Ingredient safety is critical. Hairless cats lick everything—including their own skin. Even products that are natural and safe for humans or dogs can be dangerous for cats. Stick to 100 percent cat-safe formulas and always read labels carefully.

Sun protection is another concern.

While it’s tempting to use sunscreen, there’s no scientific evidence SPF products are safe or effective for cats, and many contain harmful chemicals.

Shade and indirect sunlight are the best ways to protect their skin.

At the end of the day, hairless cat care is about balance: clean but not over-washed, moisturized but not greasy, and always safe. And in return, you get a cat who never leaves fur on your favourite black sweater—and always looks runway-ready. ■

*

For more expert insights into hairless cat care, visit mrwrinkles.com.

PHOTOS FROM TOP: ALEXANDER PIRAGIS/SHUTTERSTOCK; INDIGOFISH/BIGSTOCK

S

Expert tips for caring for hairless cats

BODY & SOUL PHOTO CATERINA TRIMARCHI/SHUTTERSTOCK

OUR PICKS A BRUSH-FREE BAD BREATH SOLUTION

Bid stinky cat breath adieu with the Pet Dental Water Additive from Oxyfresh.

Just add this brush-free solution for bad breath, tartar, irritated gums, and cleaner teeth to your cat’s drinking water. Tasteless and odourless, it neutralizes bad-breath-causing sulfur compounds and destroys bacteria responsible for plaque and tartar buildup, helping prevent periodontal disease. ($18, oxyfresh.com)

Dental Disease

in Cats D ental disease in cats is both more common and more impactful than you may think. Studies estimate that up to 70 percent of cats over the age of three show signs of dental disease, which can range from mild gingivitis to severe periodontal disease. If left untreated, dental disease can lead to chronic pain, tooth loss, and systemic health problems affecting the heart, kidneys, and liver.

The most prevalent types of feline dental disease include gingivitis (inflammation of the gums), periodontitis (inflammation affecting deeper structures around the tooth), and tooth resorption, a painful condition in which the tooth structure begins to break down. These conditions are often caused by plaque and tartar buildup resulting from poor oral hygiene.

Does Your Cat Have Dental Disease? Signs of

dental disease in cats may be subtle, as cats are adept at hiding pain and discomfort. Common symptoms include:

* bad breath * red or swollen gums * drooling * difficulty eating, perhaps favouring one side of the mouth or choosing to eat only soft food pawing at the mouth * changes in appetite * noticeable decrease in * grooming behaviour * irritability * visible tartar or calculus on the teeth

Brushing your cat’s teeth is one of the most effective ways to prevent dental disease. Start slow and early. Specially formulated dental treats and dental water additives has also been shown to reduce plaque and tartar.

If you suspect your cat has dental disease, an oral examination by your vet is needed—professional dental cleaning under anesthesia may be recommended. Remember, dental disease not only causes pain and discomfort but impacts your cat’s overall wellbeing! ■

A TOOTHBRUSH JUST FOR CATS

The Ryercat toothbrush is designed especially for a cat’s anatomy, making a dreaded task stress-free!

The dual-sided micro heads sized for feline mouths mean brushing is safe, easy, and gentle. ($20, ryercat.com)

A SOOTHING ORAL GEL

Oratene Enzymatic Brushless Oral Gel provides intensive care for inflamed gums and oral conditions like periodontal disease, thanks to its potent enzymes. The patented, antiseptic formula is flavourless—just spread on your cat’s gums, no brushing needed—to soothe and maintain gum health. ($13, zymox.com)

A CAT TOY THAT CLEANS TEETH Canophera’s all-

natural braided rope CocoBall cat toy is made from 100% all-natural coconut husk fibers for playtime fun that simultaneously cleans your cat’s teeth! ($7, canophera.com)

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Do If Your Cat Is Approaching the

XXX

Things You Should

End of Their Life If

your cat is nearing the end of their life, these thoughtful tips from Tory Duchene, a pet grief support specialist and founder of empawthypet.com, can help you navigate this challenging time with as much grace and love as possible.

1

Creature Comforts

Comfort becomes everything at this stage of life. Older cats are particularly drawn to warmth. Provide them with an electric heating pad or bed to soothe aching joints and keep them cozy. If mobility is an issue, place rugs or anti-slip pet mats on slippery floors to make it easier for them to move around safely. Adding pet stairs or ramps to help them reach their favourite window perch or spot on the sofa will be appreciated. Provide a low-entry litter box for easy access, and consider placing multiple boxes in the areas your cat frequents most. The goal is to minimize effort and maximize comfort.

2

Understand Their Pain, Even When They Hide It

Cats are masters of hiding pain. Just because they’re quiet, purring, or more vocal does not mean they are comfortable.

Speak with your veterinarian about pain management options early on, especially if your cat has a painful chronic illness, such as arthritis or chronic kidney disease. Another great option is to research palliative or hospice-care veterinarians, many of whom offer in-home visits and can help guide you through this phase with compassion and honesty. Mobile veterinarians are ideal for all cats, especially those who

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experience stress during car rides or vet visits. Some also offer alternative therapies such as acupuncture, laser treatments, and other holistic modalities designed to improve your cat’s comfort and quality of life. Being proactive about pain management is one of the greatest gifts you can give your cat.

3

Create a Cozy Sanctuary

4

Prepare for a Peaceful Goodbye

Unlike dogs, many cats prefer solitude when they feel unwell.

Support their natural instincts by creating a quiet, tucked away retreat. A warm cave bed in their favourite hiding spot, a box lined with fleece blankets—wherever they like to retreat to, make that space extra cozy, warm, and special. Place food, water, and a litter box nearby so they don't need to travel far.

If feeding wet food, give them a breakfast-in-bed experience and create their own little sanctuary where they can rest and recharge on their own terms.

This is the time to make a plan, not only for their peace, but for yours. It can help reduce panic during worrisome moments and allows space to think clearly. You can track your cat’s daily wellness using the Quality of Life scale available online or through your vet. Keep a journal to recognize shifts and patterns, and monitor good days

PHOTO ALEX ZOTOV/SHUTTERSTOCK

By Tory Duchene

versus bad. Share this information with your vet before a crisis arises. Many families find comfort in having a mobile veterinarian help their pet transition peacefully through at-home euthanasia. In this way, your cat can be in a familiar and safe place, curled up in your arms, in their favorite bed, or soaking in the sun in your garden. Having a plan—and a list of mobile veterinary providers, local emergency vet hospitals, and vet clinics to reference—reduces last-minute panic and ensures a calm, loving farewell when it's time.

5

Capture Special Moments

Ask a friend or loved one to capture some candid photos and videos of you and your cat together or have your own at-home DIY photoshoot. Record all the things you love about your cat, like their toe beans or their unique voice. These will be wonderful memories for you to cherish in the future.

6

Spoil Them Daily

Now’s the time to pull out all the stops. Spoil them with something special every day. Do they love roasted chicken? Give them that for dinner! A generous spoonful of tuna? Yes, please. Bring out the catnip or silvervine and

“Pet them, kiss them, and tell them how deeply they are loved.

These quiet, mindful moments are a gift for both of you. They feel your love. I promise.”

sprinkle generously on a rug or blanket. Let them roll around and experience joy. Put a bird feeder outside their favourite window. Turn on Cat TV on YouTube or bring them a new or favourite toy they love. Let them enjoy these indulgences—this is about quality of life, not strict routines.

7

Be Present and Mindful

Anticipatory grief during this time is normal. It’s the heartache you feel knowing your time together is limited, even when your cat is still right by your side. Be gentle with yourself. When feeling like it’s all too much, take a moment and breathe deeply. Stepping outside can also be quite grounding. After taking some time to do this, set the intention to be fully present with your cat. Pet them, kiss them, and tell them how deeply they are loved. These quiet, mindful moments are a gift for both of you. They feel your love. I promise. ■

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ILLUSTRATION XXXX

BY MICHELLE SIMPSON

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ULTRASONIC HEARING Cats have

SATELLITE DISH EARS

ultrasonic hearing that is far superior to humans and even dogs. They can distinguish between as little as one-tenth of a tone.

A cat’s ear flaps, called pinnae, can rotate 180 degrees to pinpoint the location of a sound to within several inches in just six-hundredths of a second—faster than the blink of an eye—from up to three feet away, reports National Geographic.

NIGHT VISION

Though they do need some light, cats see exceptionally well in the dark. Cat pupils are long and vertical. Their pupils narrow to a slit in broad daylight but expand up to 300 times when it’s darker. For comparison, human pupils grow only 15 times bigger in low light.

SUPER SNIFFERS

Experts believe that a cat’s sense of smell is about 14 times better than ours. Cats have up to 200 million specialized cells that detect smells, compared with our mere five million.

Kittens are born with a fully developed sense of smell, unlike the other four senses.

Newborn kittens use their noses to find a nipple to nurse.

CATS SEE LESS CLEARLY THAN HUMANS

P H O T O F I Q 28/ S H U T T E R S T O C K

Cats’ retinas have fewer cones, the photoreceptors that perceive colour and are responsible for sharpness of vision. This means cats perceive fewer hues than humans and their eyesight is blurrier— what cats can see from 20 feet away, humans can see at 100 feet.

What cats can see, hear, and smell

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PHOTO ZOSSIA/SHUTTERSTOCK

THE COLOURS CATS CAN SEE

CATS CAN “TASTE-SMELL” THE AIR

LIMITED CONE CELLS: Cats have fewer cone cells in their eyes than humans (only two types, compared to our three), which limits their colour perception.

When cats grimace, they are usually “taste-scenting.”

Cats have an extra organ that allows them to taste-smell the air. This unique way of experiencing taste utilizes a special organ called the Jacobson's organ in conjunction with their sense of smell. This organ, located on the roof of the mouth, allows cats to "taste-smell" scents, especially pheromones and other chemical signals.

This process, often accompanied by the flehmen response (a grimace-like facial expression where they wrinkle their nose and curl their lip), helps cats analyze these scents for information about their environment, including food and potential mates.

Cats primarily see blue and yellow, and they may perceive some shades of green. They are not able to see red or pink colours, which may appear as shades of grey or green to them. Their colour vision is similar to that of a person with red-green color blindness.

BLUE AND YELLOW: Cats can distinguish between blue

and yellow colours.

SHADES OF GREEN AND GRAY: They may perceive some shades of green and gray, as well as muted tones of blue and yellow.

NO RED AND PINK: Red and pink colours appear as

shades of grey or green.

RELY ON MOVEMENT AND CONTRAST: Cats rely more on brightness, movement, and contrast to identify objects and navigate their environment.

This ability to "taste-smell" is particularly important for cats in identifying pheromones, which play a vital role in communication, social interactions, and territorial marking.

While cats do have taste buds, the Jacobson's organ also helps them evaluate the palatability of food by analyzing its scent and flavour compounds. ■ moderncat.com

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How to Train a Cat to Use a Litter Box How to litter train a cat–whether a kitten, stray, or outdoor cat

O

ne of the most underappreciated miracles of cat behaviour—and what makes living with cats so wonderfully easy—is their natural instinct to use a litter box. While dogs often require weeks (or months) of house training, cats usually walk right into a home and know exactly what to do. No praise, no treats, no training sessions needed.

This instinct isn’t just convenient—it’s one of the key reasons cats were able to domesticate themselves and integrate into human homes so seamlessly.

Why Cats Are So Easy to Live With There are specific criteria that animals must meet

to be considered domesticated and truly compatible with human life. One of the most important? The animal must be easy to keep. That means they can live closely with us without causing daily chaos, danger, or excessive mess. Cats fill this

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requirement with their built-in elimination behaviour. No accidents on the carpet (in most cases). Just give them a clean box with the right substrate, and they’ll take it from there.

If cats didn’t come equipped with this trait, they wouldn’t be living inside with us. It’s that simple. Unlike dogs, who can be trained to “go potty” in the right place, cats already have the instinct to find soft, diggable material—dig, eliminate, and cover it up. This behaviour developed in the wild to avoid leaving scent trails for predators or rivals. We humans have simply provided a tidy, indoor version of what they already know.

Litter Box Use: Instinct-Driven, But Still Needs Our Support Because this

behaviour is hardwired, cats don’t typically need to be specifically “trained” to use the litter box. But we can definitely sabotage their success—or support it—based on how we set up and maintain the box.

PHOTO: PIXEL-SHOT/SHUTTERSTOCK

By Mieshelle Nagelschneider, author of The Cat Whisperer and host of the new TV show My Cat from Hell

Best Practices for Litter

Training Success PHOTO: ANDREY_KUZMIN/BIGSTOCK

> Choose the right box and litter Cats prefer large, open litter

boxes with plenty of room to turn, dig, and see their surroundings. Covered boxes might seem like a tidy solution for humans, but they can make cats feel trapped with only one way in and out.

Open boxes give them multiple exits and a clear view of their territory—just like they’d want in the wild.

When it comes to litter, go with an unscented, clumping variety.

Avoid scented litter (which can be overwhelming to a cat’s sensitive nose) and aim for a depth of three to four inches. Most cats appreciate the ability to dig deeply and cover thoroughly.

> Keep it clean. Even instinct

can’t overcome a dirty bathroom. Cats are fastidious animals, and many will avoid a box that isn’t scooped regularly.

Scoop at least once or twice a day and wash the box with mild soap about once a month. Replace litter entirely every 30 days—even if it looks clean to you.

> Offer the right number of litter boxes. The rule of thumb is

simple: one box per cat, plus one extra.

In multi-level homes, place boxes on each floor. Accessibility matters— especially for senior cats or those with mobility issues.

In my book The Cat Whisperer, I explain how putting all your cats’ resources (litter boxes, food, water, toys, beds) in one room creates unnecessary competition and stress in multi-cat homes. Think of how these resources would be scattered in the wild. Space them out—north, south, east, and west.

> Place boxes in calm, safe spots. Cats don’t like surprises

in the bathroom. Avoid placing litter boxes near loud appliances, busy entryways, or areas where your cat might feel cornered. Their “instinct to escape” is strong—even when they’re doing their business.

Also, avoid hiding boxes in closets or behind furniture. While it may seem like a good idea, cats prefer to see their surroundings while eliminating.

It’s a matter of survival instinct—even in a cozy living room.

> Never punish accidents.

Accidents aren’t disobedience or a spiteful act—they’re a red flag. Punishing a cat for missing the litter box doesn’t work and is inhumane. It only creates fear and stress, which can actually make the problem worse. Instead, focus on uncovering what’s wrong with the litter box setup or check for underlying medical issues with your veterinarian.

FACT: In nature, cats

do not hide behind a bush when eliminating.

Temporary Guided Training for Cats Who Need a Little Help: Litter Training for Kittens, Strays, Rescues, and Cats Having “Accidents”

While most cats use the litter box naturally, some—especially kittens, new rescues, or cats recovering from trauma—may need extra support. This is where guided training comes in.

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This method involves temporarily confining your cat to a small, comfortable space like a bathroom or quiet bedroom. Make sure the room includes food, water, a cozy bed, toys, and two clean, uncovered litter boxes.

You’re not locking them up—you’re creating a space for success. Let’s say your cat uses the litter box around 2 p.m. You can confidently give them access to the rest of the house for several hours. After meals or naps (common times for elimination), return them to the room for another box opportunity. Follow this method for one to two weeks, depending on the severity of the issue.

Guided litter box training does a few key things: > Increases the frequency with which you cat uses the litter box, creating the habits we want. > Interrupts inappropriate elimination behaviour breaking the patterns we don’t want (or avoiding them in the first place). > Helps you monitor for possible medical issues like UTIs.

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A Perfect Balance of Instinct and Support The fact that cats instinctively use a litter box is more than just convenient—it’s a marvel of natural design. It’s one of the reasons cats have lived alongside us for thousands of years without much fuss. But instinct alone isn’t enough. As cat guardians, it’s our job to meet them halfway and make their environment work with their natural behaviour—not against it.

At the end of the day, litter box success isn’t about traditional training. It’s about understanding your cat’s instincts, offering the right support, and setting them up to succeed. Your cat brings the behaviour. You bring the setup. And together, you create a home that works for both of you. ■

PHOTOS TOP TO BOTTOM: NEW AFRICA/SHUTTERSTOCK; NEW AFRICA/BIGSTOCK

As cat guardians, it’s our job to meet them halfway and make their environment work with their natural behaviour—not against it.

No Cream for Cats Social gathering? Try these cat facts to get the conversation flowing!

Despite the traditional image of a cat lapping at a bowl of cream, cats are lactose intolerant and cannot digest cow’s milk. Milk and milk products give them diarrhea. Cats can, however, generally drink goat milk, due to its lower lactose content.

Cats are remarkably flexible due to a combination of factors in their skeletal and muscular structure, including a flexible spine, loose shoulder blades, and a small collarbone. These features allow them to contort their bodies, squeeze into tight spaces, and, more often than not, land on their feet after a fall.

Crepuscular Kitties Millions of years of evolution have made it likely that your cat will be most active and hunt at dusk and dawn. So, if your furry alarm clock wants you to start the day at 4:30 am, there is good reason for it: their wild cat instincts are at play.

Music For Cats In 2015, a research team from two American universities tested tunes featuring cat-centric sounds, like purring and a pulse reminiscent of suckling. The results showed that cats preferred the cat songs (“Cozmo’s Air” and “Rusty’s Ballad”) to music composed for people.

That’s a Lot of Kittens Pregnancy in cats is about two months in duration—the gestation period generally lasts around 65 days. A female cat can become pregnant again as soon as two weeks after giving birth, even while still nursing her kittens. This is because cats are seasonally polyestrous, meaning they can have multiple heat cycles within a breeding season. Unspayed female cats can have kittens multiple times a year.

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A Hairball By Any Other Name…

The technical term for a hairball is trichobezoar. The term “trichobezoar” combines “tricho-” (meaning hair) and “bezoar” (a mass of indigestible material in the digestive tract). While commonly referred to as hairballs, they are not always round; they can be cylindrical or sausage shaped.

Why Your Cat’s Eyes Glow The backs of a cat’s eyes have a reflective layer called the tapetum lucidum, responsible for reflecting unabsorbed light back into the retinas. This adaptation is what helps cats to see in dim light.

It’s also what causes cats’ eyes to appear to glow when light shines on them in the dark.

Cat Politics In 2013, a cat ran for mayor in the eastern Mexican city of Xalapa with the slogan: “Tired of voting for rats? Vote for a cat,” highlighting political disillusionment. The cat placed fourth in a field of 11 candidates.

FEATURED ILLUSTRATION: TARTILA/ADOBESTOCK. INSETS CLOCKWISE FROM TOP RIGHT: RAFER/BIGSTOCK; IOFOTO/BIGSTOCK; TUNATURA/BIGSTOCK; TANYA SID/BIGSTOCK; TRUBACH/BIGSTOCK; LUBAVA/BIGSTOCK; SOODOWOODO/BIGSTOCK; SJDURAN/BIGSTOCK

Acrobatic Cats

XXX

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Snuggles or Sleep?

A sleep expert reveals findings why many would sooner ‘sleep divorce’ their partner than their pet By Wendy Troxel

I’m

a sleep researcher best known for my work on sleep in couples—I’ve even written a book on the topic, Sharing the Covers: Every Couple’s Guide to Better Sleep. Of all the questions I receive, none comes up more often than whether it’s “bad” for couples to sleep in separate beds. People look to me for permission, hoping I’ll affirm their need to “sleep divorce” in the name of rest and sanity.

But here’s what never fails to surprise me. If I dare to mention that perhaps the family pet might do better with their own bed, suddenly I’ve crossed a very sensitive line! Suggesting partners sleep apart is met with open minds, but hint that a beloved dog or cat should leave the mattress? That’s when the resistance hits.

According to national surveys, nearly half of all pet owners share their beds with animals. There’s a deep comfort in curling up with a furry companion at the end of a long day.

But science tells us this comes with a very real trade-off: good sleep quality is often what’s sacrificed. Pets bring dander and allergens into the sleep environment, which can disrupt rest for everyone, not just allergy sufferers.

Their sleep cycles clash with ours—dogs may twitch, kick, whimper, or bark in their dreams, while cats hit their stride

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during the early hours, turning bedrooms into parkour courses. Even when things are calm, simply adding another breathing body to the room raises carbon dioxide levels and affects air quality, further compromising restful sleep.

Despite these disruptions, people will often kick their partner to the couch long before considering banishing the pet. There’s a reason for this deep attachment. The bond we share with our animals is uniquely powerful and especially pronounced when night falls. As historian Roger Ekirch describes, nighttime has always left humans vulnerable, and our drive for connection and safety is hardwired. Even today, our pets fill that hardwired psychological need. They are not just buddies, but family, protectors, and living symbols of comfort.

If the idea of “sleep divorcing” your pet sounds impossible but you’re desperate for better sleep, there is hope. Consider a few practical tweaks:

1.

2.

Size up your bed so everyone, human and animal, can spread out.

3.

4.

Use a HEPA filter to improve air quality and wash bedding frequently to minimize allergens.

Try alternate arrangements, like placing a cozy pet bed next to yours, equipped with a heated pad or favourite blanket, to tempt even the most stubborn bed hog.

Compromise creatively: some families let pets sleep beside the bed early in the night, then join for morning cuddles.

PHOTO AFANASIEV ANDRII/SHUTTERSTOCK

The Pros and Cons of Sleeping with Your Cat

PHOTO VIKTORIIA LOMTIEVA/SHUTTERSTOCK

And here’s an important twist. The pet-sleep debate is a bit more nuanced when it comes to kids. Parents often worry about the impact on their children’s sleep if pets share the bed. Research suggests that most kids and teens who sleep with pets don’t experience worse sleep quality. In fact, many feel more secure and peaceful, reporting better rest when their trusted animal is nearby. For young people, the presence of a dog or cat can ease anxiety and make bedtime a more positive experience. So, while adults may need to make trade-offs for better sleep, for children, the emotional and psychological benefits may outweigh the costs.

Our pets aren’t just pets; they’re family, protectors, and living teddy bears rolled into one.

Ultimately, sleep is deeply personal. Who we share our bed with, whether it’s a partner, a pet, or both, plays into our sense of comfort and safety. While science shows there can be some downsides to sleeping with pets, the emotional return can be profound, especially for children. My best advice, rooted in years of research and clinical experience (and pet ownership), is to recognize what brings you and your family comfort and to honour that choice. After all, good sleep is about balance and well-being, and sometimes that balance involves a warm, furry body curled up at your side. ■ Wendy Troxel is a senior behavioural and social scientist at RAND, an adjunct professor at the University of Pittsburgh and University of Utah, and author of Sharing the Covers: Every Couple's Guide to Better Sleep. moderncat.com

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THE CYPRIOT KITTEN A serial animal adopter’s kitten encounter

As

they say, every good idea must start somewhere. My ‘somewhere’ was in Sitka, Alaska. That is where I adopted Gilbert. After looking into his cobalt eyes, seeing the progress he had made adapting to a useless limb, I knew I had to do something. I guess I should admit now that Gilbert was a juvenile raven with a maimed wing, and my adoption did not involve taking him on a plane back to Philadelphia, but rather paying towards his upkeep at the Alaska Raptor Center for a year. A temporary adoption, one could say. But this was enough to get me into a lifelong habit of adopting wild animals.

Like any habit (perhaps some people may call it an obsession; perhaps my husband is now one of those people) it just developed a life of its own. Six years later, the next animal I adopted was a kiwi (the flightless bird, not the tropical fruit or a citizen directly east of Australia). This kiwi chick was born with a club foot and wore a prosthetic

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By Lee Arnold

boot; hence his name was Flipper. The staff figured out this remedy themselves since there isn’t a Shriners Hospital for endangered birds. How could I leave New Zealand without helping? Unlike with Gilbert, I did not tell my husband I was going to adopt Flipper. I wanted it to be a surprise. And it was. The chick was equipped with a tracking device, and we received updates from the Kiwi Encounter about his progress, and that he was introduced successfully into the wild. It was around this time that my husband said something along the lines of: a raven with a broken wing and a kiwi with a club foot, what’s next, a buffalo with rickets? Not exactly.

The next animal I adopted was a feral donkey colt named Yeeha, while visiting the Aruba Donkey Sanctuary. Unlike the first two adoptions, Yeeha was as fit as a fiddle—no sad backstory, or so I thought. It was only after getting the adoption papers that I found out the truth: his parentage was listed as “father unknown.” That’s right—Yeeha was, literally, a little bastard.

It has been 23 years since Pepper has died, and I still wonder what else could I have done to save her.

The process continued. There was the time I adopted a red sea urchin while in California, and a red panda in Delaware. In 2016, I adopted a cheetah named Rose at a sanctuary in South Africa.

Yet I wondered: what was this compunction to help wild animals in need really about? I should have mentioned that a year prior to the Sitka trip, my cat, who I had rescued from the local SPCA ten years earlier, died. I didn't take it well. When I got her, Pepper had lost all her teeth due to pyorrhea, had no front claws, a flea infestation, and an eating disorder (don't ask). But I loved her dearly, and I knew she loved me too. This was all before I met my husband. After a rocky introductory start—it took her a while to warm up to him; he kept thinking she was trying to kill him (slander!)—we were a happy family of three. My way of coping with her death was to thence only refer to her as “My dearly departed, sainted kitty-cat, Pepper-Marie.” Yes, it's a mouthful but it still rolls off my tongue after all these years.

Since my husband and I traveled a lot, we decided to not get another cat. That's when the adoptions-without-the-emotional-or-physical-responsibilities began. And then last year, for our 25th anniversary, we found ourselves in the Troödos Mountains of central Cyprus. In the town square of a little dorp called Lofou, I encountered the Kypriakó Gatáki—the Cypriot Kitten. It had no real name. It was, after all, one of many feral cats all over the island. The good news is that Cyprus has been a “cat country” since the 4th century BCE. Saint Helen of Constantinople, on her way to a pilgrimage in the Holy Land, stopped on Cyprus to wait out rough seas. She noticed that, due to a drought, the island had an influx of snakes, rats, and lizards. After continuing on with her pilgrimage, Saint Helen had hundreds of cats shipped from Egypt to Cyprus to deal with the venomous snakes. Most Cypriot families, I was told, have a least one cat and look after the feral ones, leaving out food and water. All the cats in the Lofou town square looked healthy as they approached the locals and tourists

looking for a hand-out. All except this skinny little brindle kitten who approached me. She was timid at first, but finally came close enough for me to scratch her behind the ears—which she liked.

I had no food to give her and she, wisely, turned towards those who did. It was then I saw that her hind left foot was dragging behind her; she was hobbling around on three legs.

It has been 23 years since Pepper has died, and I still wonder what else could I have done to save her. I had taken her to three different vets, and none could figure out what she had. Then she was gone. And now, high up in the mountains of Cyprus, there I was looking at a maimed kitten, meowing and locking me in with her beautiful amber-green eyes. My mind officially went bonkers. Here’s what it was saying, like the ubiquitous angel—helpful or meddling?— whispering from my shoulder (by the way, I’m also an obsessive list-maker when I panic): 1) You need to somehow get her on this tourist bus and back to the hotel in Paphos; 2) You’ll ask the concierge at the hotel to find you a 24-hour emergency vet; 3) After getting a clean report from the vet, you'll get the pet-health paperwork expedited; 4) You’ll buy a cat carrier, portable litter box, dry food, water bowl, and kitten sedatives for the flights to London and Philly; and 5) Then you'll be a family of three again. Thankfully, I said none of this to my husband; I just got on the bus and continued our daytrip. But I never truly let it go.

In 2017, I started painting. Small acrylics mostly. I decided to combine the creativity of painting with the memory of travel. I try to make one painting that represents each major trip. Now, there is a portrait of the Lofou kitten—forever staring at me from the town square—letting me know that I did the best I could have done for Pepper in 2001. And we were both lucky for the life we had together. ■

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 SIZE “Your cat’s size and weight may provide clues to their

ancestry,” says Dr. Cahn. Most cats fall into the medium-size category, meaning that they are between nine and 15 pounds.

If your cat is above or below this range, it can be helpful in determining breed.

SMALL

Munchkin, Devon Rex, Siamese, Burmese, Bambino, Cornish Rex, Japanese Bobtail, American Curl, Tonkinese

LARGE

Maine Coon, Ragamuffin, Ragdoll, Norwegian Forest, Savannah

(less than 9 lbs)

What

Breed is My Cat?

By Janelle Martel

W

hile there are over 400 different dog breeds, only 73 different cat breeds are recognized

by The International Cat Association. This is mainly due to differences in selective breeding. Dogs were domesticated earlier than cats and were bred for more specific traits and purpose. In contrast, domestic cats have undergone less intensive breeding, leading to fewer distinct breeds and a smaller gene pool. Pedigreed cats make up only about five percent of pet cats across the world, reports the Cat Fanciers Association.

“Unless you get a cat through a breeder or a breed-specific rescue, chances are your cat is a domestic shorthair or domestic longhair,” notes veterinarian Dr. Liza Cahn. In fact, domestic shorthairs account for 90 to 95 percent of cats. Domestic medium-hair and domestic longhair make up a good part of the remaining portion of pet cats.

In short, if you have a cat of unknown parentage, overwhelming odds are that your cat falls into this camp. That said, there are some surprises out there. Look for these clues that can indicate your cat is a particular breed.

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(over 15 lbs)

 BODY TYPE Your cat’s body type can also be an indicator of their breed. A few main body types for cats include cobby, foreign, and skinny. A cat with a cobby body type has broad shoulders and a round head with a shorter tail. They tend to be shorter and appear more muscular. Cats with a foreign body type are slender with a long tail. They usually have a more triangular face shape. Skinny cat breeds have lean, slender bodies with long tails.

COBBY

Persian, Burmese, Manx, Himalayan, American Shorthair, British Shorthair, Foldex

FOREIGN

Russian Blue, Japanese Longtail, Abyssinian, Turkish Angora, Ocicat, Somali

SKINNY

Cornish Rex, Siamese, Balinese, Oriental Shorthair, Javanese

 HEAD SHAPE Although head shape isn’t always a clear indicator of cat breed, it can be a helpful indicator for cats with especially narrow or flat faces.

FLAT-FACED

Persian, Himalayan, Scottish Fold, Munchkin, Bombay, Burmese

NARROW OR TRIANGULAR

Siamese, Cornish Rex, Sphynx, Abyssinian

TAIL LENGTH If your cat has a short tail or no tail at all, it

can help you narrow down what breed they might be. Keep in mind though that it is possible that your cat injured their tail before you got them.

SHORT OR BOBBED TAILLESS

Bobtail, Pixie-bob, Highlander, Desert Lynx Manx, Cymric

P H OTO : SV E T L A N A R E Y / S H U TT E R S TO C K XXX

Traits That Can Indicate a Certain Breed

P H OTO : L A L A N D R E W / B I G S TO C K

 EAR SHAPE Ear shape can be a distinctive feature in

cats that can lead you to determine your cat’s breed.

Curled and folded ears are often associated with purebred cats. Tufted ears or Lynx tips means that fur grows from the tops of the ears.

CURLED OR FOLDED

Scottish Fold, American Curl, Highlander, Foldex, Devon Rex, Munchkin, Elf

TUFTED OR LYNX TIPS

Maine Coon, Ragdoll, Norwegian Forest Cat, American Lynx, Persian, Pixie-bob

 FUR LENGTH Because most cats are domestic shorthairs,

if your cat has short hair, it likely doesn’t tell you much about its breed. But, if your cat has curly hair or no hair, this is due to a genetic mutation, so it can provide insight into the breed of your cat. Long hair is also a recessive gene, so knowing that your cat has long hair may help to identify the breed.

 EYE COLOUR Eye colour is often not determined by breed.

However, there are some breeds that are associated with certain eye colours. Some cats may also have heterochromia, meaning that they have two differently coloured eyes.

BLUE EYES

Siamese, Balinese, Tokinese, Birman, Persian

COPPER EYES

Bombay, British Shorthair, Maine coon, Cornish Rex

HETEROCHROMIA

Sphynx, Cornish Rex, Persian, Siamese, Munchkin, Japanese Bobtail, Devon Rex, Turkish Angora

 FUR COLOUR & PATTERN Determining your cat’s breed

based on the colour of its fur can be less specific, as cats come in a variety of colours and fur patterns; however some breeds are associated with certain fur patterns. Pointed markings mean a lighter body colour and darker “points” of colour on their extremities, like the head, tail, and feet. Calico refers to a tri-coloured coat–usually black, white, and orange.

CURLY

American Wirehair, Cornish Rex, Devon Rex, Selkirk Rex

CALICO

LONG

Persian, Himalayan, Maine Coon, Ragamuffin, Siberian, Birman, Munchkin, Norwegian Forest Cat

American Shorthair, British Shorthair, Persian, Maine Coon, Japanese Bobtail

SPOTTED OR MARBLE

Bengal, Egyptian Mau, Savannah, Pixie-bob

HAIRLESS

Sphinx, Bambino, Elf

POINTED

Siamese, Ragdoll, Birman, Balinese

METHODS FOR DETERMINING YOUR CAT’S BREED A cat breed app like Cat Scanner, available on both the App Store and Google Play, can provide you with some insight into what breed your cat might be based on their appearance.

You’ll upload several photos of your cat, and the app will compare them against the standard characteristics of different breeds, providing you with an indication of what breed or breeds your cats might be. This highly rated option also allows you to upload a video of your cat for identification.

Another option is to ask your vet or a cat breed expert, who may be able to determine your cat’s breed based on an examination of your cat’s physical characteristics and personality.

that breaks down your cat’s genetic makeup to help you understand what breeds your cat has in their lineage. Many of these tests will also screen for health markers, which can provide you with information about what health conditions your cat might be prone to developing so that you can be proactive in managing their health.

CAT DNA TESTS A cat DNA test is the most accurate way to determine your cat’s breed. A kit can be purchased either online or through your vet. The test involves swabbing your cat’s teeth and gums and then mailing the collected sample back to the lab. The lab will test it and compare it to a database of cat breeds. You’ll then be provided with a report

HOW TO CHOOSE A DNA TEST While tests can pinpoint genetic markers with high accuracy (often over 99%), the ability to definitively identify breed or ancestry depends on the size and scope of the company's database. Tests with larger databases of genetic markers can more accurately identify breed ancestry, especially for mixed breeds. ■

WHAT TO KNOW Cat DNA tests can identify the percentage of different breeds present in a cat's genetic makeup. DNA tests are generally more accurate at identifying purebred cats than mixed breeds. They can also help identify trait markers that influence a cat's appearance or behaviour. Many tests can also identify genetic predispositions to certain diseases.

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Healthy PAWS Solutions for everything from cat anxiety to immune support!

1. A PROBIOTIC POWERED CLEANER

2. DAILY PROBIOTIC DROPS FOR CATS Resolve diarrhea, help stressed cats, and restore normal intestinal flora with FeliOtic, the daily liquid probiotic developed from the cat, for the cat. The feline-sourced lactobacillus reuteri in FeliOtic helps replenish cats’ natural gut flora with good bacteria. ($24, bluegrassanimalproducts.com

3. GREAT GROOMING GLOVES Make grooming your cat as natural as petting! Hands on Gloves are beloved by cats and their people for good reason: they make grooming fun and relaxing for you both. The scrubbing nodules on the fingers and palms are excellent de-shedders, providing a deep clean while massaging your cat, distributing natural oils, and improving circulation. In short: they’re amazing. ($25, handsongloves.com)

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P H OTO N Y N K E VA N H O LT E N / SH U TT E R STO CK

Cat pee? No problem!

Lively Pet Stain & Odor Remover breaks down troublesome spots at a microscopic level— restoring carpets and fabrics without harsh residues or perfumes. This Martha Stewartapproved probiotic-powered cleaner works on all types of messes—urine, poop, vomit, and more—eliminating stains and smells by penetrating fabrics to break down stain- and odour-causing substances. ($6, livelyclean.com)

4. A DINNER CATS LOVE Fussie Cat Super Premium Chicken in Goat Milk Gravy Shredded Wet Cat Food pairs premium proteins with the health benefits of goat milk. It’s grain-free, high in moisture to encourage hydration, gentle on sensitive stomachs, rich in DHA, and has a taste cats love! ($45 for a case of 24, chewy.com)

5. A HIGH-PERFORMANCE NATURAL CAT LITTER Offering quick-clumping, 99% dust-free odour control, Dofu Cat Cereal Litter is the high-performing natural litter you’ve been searching for. This light-weight plantbased litter is made with upcycled grain and bean fibers and it’s free from artificial additives, making it good for both your cat and the planet. ($17, dofucat.com)

6. CLEAN, HEALTHY EARS Zymox’s vet-recommended Enzymatic Ear Cleanser for Cats & Kittens gently keeps cats’ ears clean and healthy. The patented LP3 Enzyme System safely removes dirt and wax while protecting against bacteria, fungus, and yeast for healthy, clean-smelling ears! ($17, zymox.com)

7. OUTDOOR ACCESS FOR INDOOR CATS Give your indoor cat a safe taste of the outdoors with the Cat Solarium Penthouse Package, a stylish, open-air solarium with a panoramic view. Inserted into a window, the Cat Solarium allows your indoor cats outside to bask in the sun and feel the breeze. The plexiglass back panel with cat door allows your cat constant access to the outdoors. (from $325, catsolarium.com)

8. A TREAT FOR ANXIETY, ACHES & PAINS Deliver the benefits of CBD in a tasty treat!

Suzie’s CBD Cat Bites are soft chicken-and-tuna treats each containing 1/2 mg of USDA-certified, organic full-spectrum CBD oil grown in Colorado. Treat your cat and help reduce anxiety, aches, and pains! ($17, suziespettreats.com)

9. IMMUNE SYSTEM SUPPORT Give your cat the best gift of all: optimal immune system function. The Feline Immune System Support supplement from Standard Process provides nutritional and biochemical support for healthy immune cells and tissues in cats. (standardprocess.com)

10. LITTER BOX ATTRACTANT If you’re struggling to get your cat to use the litter box, here’s the solution! Good Habits Boosters Litter Additive from World’s Best Cat Litter naturally attracts cats with an unscented, plant-based formula that’s safe and effective. Just sprinkle onto any litter to attract your cat to their litter box and away from other areas. ($16, worldsbestcatlitter.com)

11. WOUND CARE FOR CATS If your cat is suffering from cuts, bites, sores, or irritations, Vetericyn Plus Antimicrobial Feline Wound Care will come to the rescue! It flushes and decontaminates to prevent infection and provide soothing relief. Utilizing advanced hypochlorous technology, it contains no alcohol or steroids and is non-toxic and safe to use around the eyes, ears, and mouth of your best friend. ($16, vetericyn.com)

12. A CAT LITTER FOR CATS & PEOPLE WITH ALLERGIES Naturally Non Allergic Is the first cat litter to be free of common allergens. Made in the USA from made from simple, natural ingredients, its non-allergenic formula is ideal for cats and owners with allergies. It’s also eco-friendly, non-GMO, flushable, biodegradable, and non-toxic, as well as super-absorbent, quick clumping, and offers exemplary odour control. (from $25, naturallynonallergic.com)

13. AN ALL GLASS CAT FOUNTAIN The Brook all glass pet fountain is a beauty blending stunning looks with high performance. This hygienic, easy to maintain fountain provides filtration, aeration, and subtle illumination for a drinking experience your cat will love, encouraging hydration. ($89, brookfountains.com)

14. A SUPPLEMENT FOR SENIOR CAT SUPER HEALTH Ensure your cat’s senior years are golden with WellyTails Mature/Senior Cat Care Advanced supplement. It has everything your older cat needs to thrive: extra high amounts of DHA and EPA Omega-3s, probiotic bacteria and digestive enzymes, cancer-fighting phytonutrients and antioxidants, cranberry extract for urinary tract health, glucosamine for happy joints, and more! ($30, wellytails.com) moderncat.com

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CONNIE’S BOOK CLUB Editor-in-Chief Connie Wilson’s selection of must-read books for cat lovers Frankie

By Maxim Leo and J.M. Gutsch

Charlie by Lola Dupre; from New Photography of the Cat by Lucy Davies

New Photography of the Cat

By Lucy Davies This gorgeous new photography book celebrates the contemporary cat through the work of 25 established photographers. A breadth of beautiful, fascinating images from diverse cultural perspectives—encompassing traditional documentary photography and conceptual digital art—offer a fresh look at an enduring artistic muse: the cat. A perfect gift for cat lovers and art lovers alike.

This heartwarming international sensation has charmed readers worldwide. The book’s namesake, Frankie, is a wise but scrappy stray cat. When he crosses paths with Richard, a grieving widower contemplating ending his life, their friendship changes everything. This moving novel about finding your way back to life is a delight from start to finish.

Cat Tales: A History

By Jerry D. Moore This captivating exploration of feline history from the Pliocene to present day unpacks the cat’s unlikely trajectory from terrifying predator to improbable roommate. Anthropologist Jerry Moore unearths photographs, artifacts, and artworks—from incredible archaeological finds and cave paintings to classical statues and contemporary social media—revealing the depths and duration of our unlikely yet enduring relationship with these remarkable creatures.

A Cat Lover’s Activity Book

You Only Live Nine Times

By Rachel Hastings

Cozy mystery lovers, this one’s for you!

New York Times bestselling author Gwen Cooper and Homer “the Blind Wonder Cat” return in this fun cat-andmouse mystery. A classic whodunit set in the glamorous Florida enclave of Coacoochee, You Only Live Nine Times finds new transplant Rachel Baum and her cats closing in on the killer after the town’s beautiful people start turning up murdered. But can her cats keep her from becoming the next target? You’ll have a great time finding out!

Filled with purr-fect quizzes, games, and fun for feline fans, A Cat Lover’s Activity Book celebrates everything you love about cats—including the endearing chaos cats bring into our lives! Inside you’ll find hilarious colouring pages featuring classic cat antics, along with puzzles, word searches, illustrations, and more, capturing life with cats in all its glory.

A wonderfully fun gift idea!

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By Gwen Cooper

THE CAT GEAR LOOKBOOK

Your at-a-glance guide to the best stuff for you & your cat

CAT GEAR

Mighty Mouse Toy, $10; catsoutofthebag.shop

The Cat Lure Forever Lasers, from $8; christhecat.com

Pawfit Lite GPS Tracker, $45; amazon.com

Viking Cat Coffee Lover T-Shirt, $30; omthread.com

Spoiled Cats Club Monthly Subscription Box, from $16; catlady.com

Blue Star Cat Necklace, $92; markpoulin.com

Red Barn Air Dried Powerfood for Cats, $45; redbarn.com

Dr. Elsey’s cleanprotein Chicken Kibble, from $20; drelseys.com

Fussie Cat Super Premium Lickable Cat Treats, $3; chewy.com

SOYSAND Tofu Cat Litter, from $40; soysand.com

Leo’s Loo Too Automatic Litter Box, $699; casaleopet.com

Bootsie’s Combination Scratcher, $28; chewy.com

FOR YOU

Fur-Zoff Pet Hair Remover, $13; amvllcproducts.com

TREATS & FOOD

Snappy Tom Naturals Wet Cat Food Pouches, $2; snappytom.com

LITTER & ACCESSORIES

Standard Litter Mat, $14; kittypooclub.com

Kitty Twist’R Plus, $50; redrocketpets.com

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Love at First Sight Before my partner and I adopted our cat, Mina, I was studying abroad and feeling a bit lonely living by myself. My partner who was visiting convinced me to adopt a cat. I said, “don't fall in love with the first cat you see.” When we walked into the local SPCA, guess who was in the first kennel on the right? Mina ran right up to the bars and tried to reach us with her paws. Of all the cats there, she was the most affectionate. A year later, I feel so lucky we fell in love with the first cat we saw.—Ian Carpick

Muffin’s Search Party

Tiny Cat Stories Cat love in short form: miniature, reader-submitted cat stories of no more than 100 words.

Tuna There’s a cat on the porch that I feed twice a day. Ten years ago, or so, he was found feral in my yard, un-neutered and injured. I trapped him and had him “fixed” all around, but he needed meds, so I put him downstairs. Alfred hid very well for two years, but I still fed him and cleaned his box. Finally, I trapped him and put him back outside. I didn’t think I’d ever see him again, but now I see him all the time.

He lets me pull off ticks and rub his head. Trust… takes time, effort, and tuna.—Joseph A. Dewan

Mean Streets of Chicago Live-trapped on the mean streets of Chicago, he had many medical problems that a local animal group took care of. All fixed up, he needed to be domesticized. Many fosters later, he made his way to Milwaukee. He was too much to handle for a young couple there; they put a foster request out. I was smitten—he looked like my childhood cat.

Meet Sharky. He has lived with us in Richland Center, Wisconsin for three years now and is his mom’s big boy at 21 pounds.—Len Harris

We had gotten a new kitten. Everybody loved him. One evening we couldn’t find Muffin anywhere. He didn’t go out alone, so we looked for him in the house, then moved outside. It was getting dark. Still no Muffin. Neighbours with flashlights joined the search party.

I decided to go back in the house one more time. Passing the master bedroom, I saw my husband’s sock drawer was open a few inches. Muffin was blissfully sleeping in a pile of socks, oblivious to everything going on outside. I started to cry, but these were tears of joy!—Anne Pauga

Dinner Time!

When it’s dinner time, I let my cats Olga and François know by shouting out “Who’s hungry?” No matter where they are in the house, when they hear those words, they quickly come running to the kitchen. One night I was getting ready for bed. The two cats were already laying on the bed, so I looked at them and said, “Who’s sleepy?”

They both immediately jumped off the bed and ran for the kitchen.

This proved that they don’t know English quite as well as I thought they did. Yes, I gave them a snack.—Rand Higbee

The Trouble with Trouble Trouble was highly intelligent and very full of himself. When a new roommate moved in, Trouble had to investigate items she placed on a shelf. He then proceeded to knock the items off one by one until I grabbed him off the shelf and put him in the bathroom, shutting the door securely. I said, “wouldn’t it be funny if he came walking out?” My roommate replied, “If he does, I will do all the cleaning for a month.”

Two minutes later, Trouble came walking down the hallway, and I swear he had a smirk on his face.—Anonymous

Get published in Modern Cat! Submit your cat story of no more than 100 words (word count strictly enforced) to tinycatstories@moderncat.com. By submitting you are consenting to publication of your story.

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F E AT U R E D I L LU ST R AT I O N A N A S TA S I YA S T O M A / A D O B E S T O C K

LOVE LETTERS

marketplace

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Karma is a cat purring on my lap ’cause it loves me.

P H OTO : M A B U K A / SH U TT E R STO CK

—Taylor Swift, Midnights

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