Modern Aquarium

100th Anniversary!

1922-2022 March 2022 volume XXIX number 1

Series III Vol. XXIX, No. 1 March, 2022 ON THE COVER Our cover this month celebrates Greater City᾿s 100th year of continuous operation. Our heartfelt thanks go to all those who began our club, and to all who have kept it vibrant and relevant all these years! We hope that we, and those who follow us, will continue to maintain our mission and relevance in the future!

GREATER CITY AQUARIUM SOCIETY Board Members

President Vice-President Treasurer Assistant Treasurer Corresponding Secretary

Horst Gerber Edward Vukich Jules Birnbaum Ron Wiesenfeld Open

From the Editor

Al Grusell Dan Radebaugh Leonard Ramroop

President’s Message Amendments to GCAS Breeder Award Program Our Generous Sponsors and Advertisers Fishy Friendsʼ Photos Pictures From Our Last Meeting Photos by Leonard Ramroop

Tonight’s Speaker: Scott Dowd, on Project Piaba

Cone Snail Venom from the November 18, 2021 issue of Science Daily

My Life With Fish (4) Science Projects!

by Jason Gold

Committee Chairs

Bowl Show Joseph F. Gurrado Breeder Award Harry Faustmann Early Arrivals Al Grusell Membership Marsha Radebaugh N.E.C. Delegate Artie Mayer Programs Open Social Media Gilberto Soriano Technical Coordinator Jason Kerner MODERN AQUARIUM Editor in Chief

Dan Radebaugh

Copy Editors:

Alexander A. Priest Donna Sosna Sica

Advertising Manager

Susan Priest Thomas Warns Robert Kolsky

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G.C.A.S. 2021 Program Schedule

GCAS Prohibited Species List

Members At Large

Pete D’Orio Jason Kerner Marsha Radebaugh

In This Issue

Greater City in the Early Aquarium Magazines MA Classics

by Joseph Ferdenzi

Keeping Limia tridens A Livebearer from Hispañola

by Dan Radebaugh

News From The NEC 2021 Modern Aquarium Article Index G.C.A.S. Breedersʼ Award Entry Form G.C.A.S. Member Discounts Member Classifieds Modern Aquarium Covers - 2000 MA Classics

The Undergravel Reporter

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

10 12 13 17

19 20 21 25 26 27 28

Meet Methuselah

29

Fin Fun (Puzzle Page)

30

Finding Nemo

From the Editor

by Dan Radebaugh

W

ell, here we are—Greater City Aquarium Society᾿s 100th anniverssary! I wonder if the folks who began our club all those years ago back in 1922 had any idea that their fledgling club would still be around in the year 2022? It calls to mind a song from back in the late ᾿60s. So far we are indeed still alive, though we᾿ll have to wait and see about the year 2525.

As has been the case for the many years, this first issue of the new year contains the Index of Articles from last year᾿s Modern Aquarium, as well as Greater City᾿s current list of prohibited species. This list has not changed from last year, though there are some developments on the political front that may affect us all. Please be sure and read “News from the NEC” on page 20.

Fittingly enough, on page 13 Jason Gold continues with part four of his fishkeeping memoir, this episode fittingly sub-titled “Science Projects.” I think many of us will likely relate well to this chapter.

Speaking of science projects, our exchange article this month (see page 12) is about cone snail venom, and how it may prove useful in the treatment of diabetes.

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Reviewing the history of a 100 year old organization is not easy. We are fortunate to have our own in-house historian, Joseph Ferdenzi. An avid historian, Joe was President of Greater City for a total of 19 years (eleven years, three years off, and then eight years more). We owe Joe a huge debt for keeping track of our club᾿s history, as well as the history of the aquarium hobby itself! As Editor of Modern Aquarium I will do my best to find and present more articles from our past that may help reveal our club᾿s place in the history of our hobby.

In keeping with our 100th anniversary, our survey of Modern Aquarium covers continues this month with the covers from 2000. I’m finding this review very interesting. Some of the photographers for these covers are still going strong in Modern Aquarium today, while others are before my time here. To me, this highlights the fact that this magazine, and indeed our club, is not just one static group of people frozen in time, but rather resembles an organism, whose individual cells may change, but the essence of which remains.

One of those individual cells has been for many years now, in fact for pretty much the life of this incarnation (Series III) of Modern Aquarium, The Undergravel Reporter. This issue ends, as have so many before it, with the Undergravel Reporter’s latest subject (in this case “Meet Methuselah!”), followed (as nearly always) by the latest month’s FIN FUN puzzle (“Finding Nemo”). Enjoy!

Remember⸺Modern Aquarium doesnʼt just happen! You, our members, are our writers. Not one of us knows everything. Thatʼs why we come to these meetings! My job as Editor is to make you look good.

But without your stories, experiences, and knowledge, we have nothing to pass along. Please! Tell us a story about one of your fish, or a fishkeeping project youʼve accomplished (or failed at!). We want to know! You can email it to me, or hand it to me on a thumb drive, or even hand written. Tell us about your fish!

We want to know!

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GCAS Programs

2022

March 2

Scott Dowd Project Piaba

April 6

Rosario LaCorte Images From A Lifetime of Fish Breeding

May 4

Warren Feuer Shell Dwelling Cichlids

June 1

Dr. Enea Parimbelli Voyage in Lake Tanganyika

July 6

Joseph Gurrado Reef Keeping

August 3

A Night at the Auction

September 7

TBA TBD

October 5

TBA TBD

November 2

TBA TBD

December 7

TBA TBD

Articles submitted for consideration in Modern Aquarium (ISSN 2150-0940) must be received no later than the 10th day of the month prior to the month of publication. Please email submissions to gcas@earthlink.net, or fax to (347) 379-4984. Copyright 2022 by the Greater City Aquarium Society Inc., a not-for-profit New York State corporation. All rights reserved. Not-for-profit aquarium societies are hereby granted permission to reproduce articles and illustrations from this publication, unless the article indicates that the copyrights have been retained by the author, and provided reprints indicate source, and that two copies of the publication are sent to the Exchange Editor of this magazine (one copy if sent electronically). For online-only publications, copies may be sent via email to gcas@earthlink.net. Any other reproduction or commercial use of the material in this publication is prohibited without prior express written permission.

The Greater City Aquarium Society meets every month except January and February. Members receive notice of meetings in the mail or by email. For more information, contact: Dan Radebaugh at (718) 458-8437, email to gcas@earthlink.net, or fax to (347) 379-4984. For more information about our club or to see previous issues of Modern Aquarium, you can also go to our Internet Home Page at http://www.greatercity.net, http://www. greatercity.org, or http://www.greatercity.com.

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President’s Message

by Horst Gerber

I

t’s March of 2022, and here we are, marking our club’s 100th year of continuous operation. What intrigues me is that just a couple of years short of century ago, the world was also ravaged by a killer virus— the so-called Spanish Flu that killed at least 50 million people world-wide (maybe three times that according to many who have studied it). Is this Nature’s version of periodic crowd control? At least this time around we have effective vaccines available.

I hope this message finds you happy and healthy. If you are like me, you are eagerly awaiting the return of longer and warmer days. This year especially I am filled with the appreciation and optimism that comes with the arrival of Spring. We may be living in a very different world than we were two years ago, but our mission remains the same—to create a meaningful experience at our meetings, and via our award-winning magazine, Modern Aquarium.

At GCAS we explore the various aspects of the hobby and try to understand the living underwater world. We believe that our meetings should be more than just a trip to a fish club—it should be a doorway to knowledge, insight and personal growth. Even after a hundred years, our mission is still to provide knowledge, fellowship, and fun for our members, as we all learn more about the fishes that live with us, fascinate us, and depend on us for their well-being.

Reminder! Pandemic rules and regulations for meetings at the Queens Botanical Garden are dictated by the city. If in doubt about these rules, call them and ask! Or email our Editor, Dan Radebaugh, at gcas@earthlink.net.

Horst

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Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

Amendments To GCAS Breeder Award Program

As of 12/10/2021

Part I Awards All awards are hereby eliminated, with the exception of the Don Sanford Breeder of the Year Award.

Part II

Points

All extra points for breeding a species are hereby eliminated, with the exception of 5 extra points for every species bred that, at the time breeding is submitted for verification, is on the Priority List of the CARES Fish Preservation Program.

A member may only submit a species for breeder points once per calendar year. The member may, however, submit that species for breeder points in the following year and every year thereafter in which the member breeds that species, including the 5 extra CARES points.

Part III

Verification

Henceforth, notification that a member has bred a particular species shall be as follows: the member must submit a photo or video of the breeders in an aquarium owned by the member; and six of the fry from that spawn shall be presented at a meeting when the fry are at least 60 days of age. Those six fry must be placed in auction at that meeting, either as a donation or 50/50 split as selected by the member.

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Advanced Marine Aquatics Al’s Aquatic Services, Inc. Aquarium Pharmaceuticals Aquarium Technology Inc. Aqueon Brine Shrimp Direct Carib Sea Cobalt Aquatics Coralife Ecological Laboratories Fishworld Florida Aquatic Nurseries Franklin Pet Center Inc Fritz Aquatics HBH Pet Products High Quality Exotic Goldfish Hydor USA Jehmco Jungle Bob Enterprises Jungle Labs Kent Marine KHC Aquarium Kissena Aquarium Marineland 6

Microbe Lift Modern Aquarium Monster Aquarium, Inc. Nature’s Reef & Reptile NorthFin Premium Fish Food Ocean Nutrition America Oceanic Omega Sea Pacific Aquarium, Inc. Penn-Plax Pets Warehouse Pet Resources Pisces Pro Red Sea Rena Rolf C. Hagen San Francisco Bay Brand Seachem Sera Spectrum Brands Your Fish Stuff.com Zilla Zoo Med Laboratories Inc.

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Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

Fishy Friends’ Photos B

by Greater City Aquarium Society Fishy Friends

elow are photo submissions to our “Fishy Friends” Facebook group. I’ve left the subjects unnamed, but not the photographer. If you see a shot you like, and want more info, ask the photographer about it! I’m sure he or she will be delighted to tell you!

Dan Radebaugh

Basil Holubis

Joseph Gurrado

Lonnie Goldman

Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

Geri Domingo

Andrew Zimmerman

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Pictures From Our Last Meeting Photos by Leonard Ramroop

Our Speaker this evening, Dan Katz.

Artie Friedman, talking money.

Bill Amely, enjoying a snack.

Let's see, what's in the auction tonight?

The action started heating up, so the coats came off.

Dan R. & Jules B., taking care of customers.

Tom Keegan, Artie, and President Horst check out the raffle items.

Auctioneer Ed Vukich and his helpers, along with tech wizard Jason.

Little Maxine was able to take home her heart's desire!

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Tonight’s Speaker: March 2, 2022

Scott Dowd: Project Piaba For more than 30 years, Scott was a conservation biologist at the New England Aquarium, and he is currently the Executive Director of Project Piaba.

He received his M.Sc. from the University of Stirling (Scotland) in 2003; his thesis was entitled “Observations on the cardinal tetra fishery with an emphasis on the measurement of stress.” For more than 20 years, Scott has been actively involved in conservation of the cardinal tetra fishery in the midRio Negro region of the Amazon, working along the entire industry chain of Amazonian fishermen, exporters, importers, retail stores, and hobbyists.

He continues to be a strong proponent of the trade in environmentally friendly ornamental fish worldwide. Scott has recently established the Home Aquarium Fish Sub-group within the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN). He has recruited a Steering Committee of global leaders in the aquarium industry and related fields and is now working to replicate and expand the Project Piaba model as a tool of conservation and poverty alleviation in regions of biological importance.

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Greater City Aquarium Society

Prohibited Species List This is a list of species prohibited from being sold, given, or traded at any Greater City Aquarium Society (GCAS) auction. These species are restricted

by NYS or federally, require special permits, and/or have complicated trade requirements. GCAS will remove any of the listed items, and ethically dispose of, or turn over such items to the proper authorities. Common names may differ, so please check the scientific names of any species you sell.

Prohibited Aquatic/Bog/Marsh Plants: Golden Bamboo (Phyllostachys aurea) Yellow Groove Bamboo (Phyllostachys aureosulcata) Common Reed Grass (Phragmites australis) Marsh Dew flower (Murdannia keisak) Purple Loosetrife (Lythrum salcria) Reed Manna Grass (Glyceria maxima) Smooth Buckthorn (Frangula alnus/Rhamnus frangula) Yellow Iris/ Yellow flag iris (Iris pseudacorus) Anacharis/Elodea/Brazilian water weed (Egeria densa) Eurasian minfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum) Broadleafwater minfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum X M.laxum) Cabomba (Cabomba caroliniana)—any similar species we cannot identify will be removed from the auction.

Floating Primrose Willow (Ludwigia peploides) Frogbit (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae) Hydrilla/water thyme (Hydrilla verticillata) Parrot Feather (Myriophyllum aquaticum) Uruguayan Primrose Willow (Ludwigia hexapetala/grandiflora) Water Chestnut (Trapa natans) Yellow Floating Heart (Nymphoides peltata) Slender false brome (Brachypodium sylvaticum)

Prohibited Aquatic Inverts:

Asian Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Zebra Mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Quagga Mussel (Dreissena bugensis) Asian Sea Squirt (Styela plicata) Asian Shore Crab (Hemigrapsus sanguineus) Bloody Red Mysis Shrimp (Hemimysis anomala) Carpet Tunicate (Didemnum spp.)

Chinese Mitten Crab (Eriocheir sinensis) Faucet Snail (Bithynia tentaculata)

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Chinese Mystery Snail (Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata) Japanese Mystery Snail (Bellamya japonica) New Zealand Mud Snail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes ruticus) Suminoe Oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis) Veined Rapa Whelk (Rapana venosa) All freshwater mussels or clams native to the USA Prohibited Fish Species: Bighead Carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) Black Carp (Mylophryngoden piceus) Large-scale Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys harmandi) Silver Carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix) Round Goby (Neogobicus melanostomus) Tubenose Goby (Proterorhinus seilunaris/marmoratus) Eastern Mosquitofish (Gambusia holbrooki) Western Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) Dojo Loach/Weather Loach/Gold/Marbled Loach (Misqurnus anguilicaudatus) Sea Lamprey (Petomyzon marinus) Tench (Tinca tinca) Walking Catfish (Clarias batrachus) Snakehead (All species described and undescribed in the genus Channa) All species of Piranha Asian Arowana (Scleropages formosus/inscriptus) Zander (Sander/Stizostedion lucioperca) Prohibited Reptiles/Amphibians: Alligators/Crocodilians Monitor lizards Newts/Salamanders Other Rules: Any species native to the State of New York is Prohibited.

Any Game species defined by DEC or NYS is prohibited.

Any species protected by the U.S. Endangered Species Act is prohibited.

Any species not listed that is prohibited federally.

Any species that violate the Lacey Act is prohibited.

Any species imported or transported illegally is prohibited.

Any species GCAS feels may be illegal or a threat not listed may be removed from auction.

Any species listed as ‟Dangerous” or ‟Injurious” is prohibited.

Any species that violate CITES laws is prohibited.

For pictures: www.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/isprohibitedanimals.pdf www.dec.ny.gov/docs/lands_forests_pdf/isprohibitedplants2.pdf

Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

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Cone Snail Venom Could Lead to Future Diabetes Treatments

Reprinted from The Buckette – January 2022; Bucks County Aquarium Society.

T

he tapered cone shell is popular among seashell collectors for its colorful patterns, but the smooth mottled shells are also home to the cone snail which is capable of spewing a potent insulinlike venom that can paralyze its prey. Researchers at the University of New Hampshire have found that variants of this venom, known as cone snail insulin (Con-Ins), could offer future possibilities for developing new fast-acting drugs to help treat diabetics.

"Diabetes is rising at an alarming rate and it's become increasingly important to find new alternatives for developing effective and budget-friendly drugs for patients suffering with the disease," said Harish Vashisth, associate professor of chemical engineering.

"Our work found that the modeled Con-Ins variants, or analogs, bind even better to receptors in the body than the human hormone and may work faster which could make them a favorable option for stabilizing blood sugar levels and a potential for new therapeutics."

In their study, recently published in the journal Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, researchers looked more closely at the cone snail venom which induces a hypoglycemic reaction that lowers blood sugar levels. Unlike insulin made in the body, the venom's peptide sequence -- which allows it to bind to human insulin receptors -- is much shorter.

To test whether it would still bind effectively, the researchers used sequences of the insulin-like peptides in the venom of the cone snail C. geographus as a template to model six different Con-Ins analogs. The newly created variants were made up of much shorter peptide chains than human insulin -- lacking the last eight residues of the B-chain of the human insulin.

To study the stability and variability of the new Con-Ins structures, they conducted multiple independent computer simulations of each ConIns variant complex with human insulin receptor in a near-physiological environment (accounting for water solvent, salinity of solution, temperature and pressure). They found that each insulin complex remained stable during the simulations and the designed peptides bound strongly -- even better than the naturally occurring human insulin hormone. The interactions were then compared with the human insulin receptor and it was determined that each ConIns variant exhibits few feasible residue substitutions in human insulin.

"While more studies are needed, our research shows that despite the shorter peptide sequences, the cone snail venom could be a viable substitute and we are hopeful it will motivate future designs for new fastacting drug options," said Biswajit Gorai, postdoctoral research associate and lead author.

The insulin-like venom released by certain cone snails can be highly dangerous causing a hypoglycemic shock that immobilizes fish and potential prey. C. geographus has the most toxic sting known among the species and there have been reports of human fatalities, especially to unsuspected divers who are not aware of the snail's venom.

Funding was provided by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R35GM138217. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

Journal Reference: Biswajit Gorai, Harish Vashisth. Structures and interactions of insulin‐like peptides from cone snail venom.

Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 2021; DOI: 10.1002/prot.26265 November 18, 2021 Source: University of New Hampshire

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Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

My Life With Fish (4) Science Projects!

by Jason Gold

I

was in junior high now—12 years old. The hobby itself had moved on from the fancy livebearer craze to the fancy Betta craze, and I had followed.

I had a Betta tank with glass dividers to show off my best males—I especially loved my Cambodian—and every science project for school involved germinating something or spawning something or bringing in something I’d found in the woods. My latest project was to document Betta spawning behavior, and I only had a week to get it done. I gave the chosen male three compartments of the Betta tank and put the female in the fourth. Sure enough, he went crazy trying to attract her attention through the glass and soon built a big bubblenest in a piece of water sprite floating in the tank. I’d fed them both live brine shrimp, and the female was so full of eggs it looked like she’d swallowed a marble. When I put them together they got right down to business. And so did I. I hovered by the tank, but never could get a good shot of the action with my Kodak Instamatic or my Polaroid 430, so I Xeroxed photos from my collection of fish books and Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

magazines for my lab reports, feeding nickels into the copier at the school library. And unlike my parents, who considered my hobbies a quirky curiosity, every science teacher I ever had loved my projects. LOVED them! My parents might not have paid much attention to my fish or my plants, or understood my expeditions into the woods, but they certainly loved the A’s I brought home for all my fish and plant and forest science projects.

There’s something about the aquarium hobby that’s sort of like a perpetual science project. To be an aquarist is to be an acute observer, an information junkie, and a data collector. It’s always interesting and more than a bit amusing to me the way fish people talk about fish. There’s joy in the jargon.

First, there’s all that Latin. Few of us, including me, are sure how to correctly pronounce all those Latin monikers, but that doesn’t stop us from tossing them around like rice at a wedding. For fish folk, Latin is hardly a dead language—in fact it’s our only common language. And let’s throw in some Greek while

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we’re at it. When you see Paracheirodon axelrodi or Epiplatys annulatus or Chromobotia macranthus you know what you’re dealing with as certainly as an aquarist from Stuttgart or Delhi or Singapore. You also might know that the ‘para’ means ‘kinda like’ and the ‘axelrodi’ is the guy the species is named for and ‘epi’ + ‘platus’ means flat-topped and ‘annulatus’ means ringed, all in reference to the creature’s shape and pattern, and so on. Every aquarist knows a smidge of Latin and Greek, and is something of a linguist and maybe even a bit of a classicist. I’m not saying that any of us could sit down and translate Homer or Catullus based on our knowledge of taxonomic names, but I’m also not saying that a kid exposed to aquarium Latin might not fall in love with that sliver of the hobby and end up translating Homer and Catullus.

Next comes fish anatomy. As Steve Martin once quipped of the French, “They have a different word for everything!” Our non-aquarist friends will say things like “Look at the tail on that guppy!” and we might grant them the guppy part, but not the tail part. “Oh, you mean the caudal fin?” OK, at least they’re interested. But do they know that each fin has a specific name: caudal, anal, dorsal, pectoral, pelvic, and an occasional adipose? Or what a lateral line is and all the amazing things it does? Or what organ the Betta and its cousins use to blow all those bubbles?

Or the why and wherefore of an egg spot? To be an aquarist is to be something of anatomist. No wonder why my parents thought that because I was into fish I’d become a doctor….

Then there are all the water parameters. Which fish prefer warmer or cooler waters, which will only spawn if the pH is below 5 or above 8, which demand water that’s full of dissolved minerals, and which will have none of that. Can you think of any GCAS presentations that haven’t discussed water chemistry in a totally knowing and offhand way? Say, what was the pH and temperature when you bred those Rams? I love that stuff, even if I’m a lackadaisical water tester.

I pull out the test kit when there’s a problem, but otherwise I tell myself that I pretty much know what’s going on with the water—I can tell by the clarity and by the color and activity of the fish. I know that my starting point is NYC tap water, which is about neutral and has a low mineral content. Plus, I know what goes into each tank. This one has almond leaves and alder cones and the water is tinted brown, so it’s more acidic, full of tannins, and devoid of minerals—and snails. Another has crushed coral gravel, so it’s more alkaline and hard, full of dissolved minerals. We may even remember from high school or college chemistry that those differences come down to the concentration of positively-charged hydrogen ions and negativelycharged hydroxide ions in our aquariums—the more hydrogen ions, the lower the pH. And those hydrogen ions bind to many of the minerals in the water, so a low pH often also means low mineral content, or dH. 14

Similarly, those who use supplemental CO2 for their planted tanks know that before that CO2 has a chance to fuel your plants’ photosynthesis, it’s reacting with the water itself, the H2O, to make carbonic acid, which is H2CO3 in theory, but at aquarium temperatures breaks down to HCO3- plus an H+ positively-charged hydrogen ion. In other words, it will increase the number of free hydrogen ions in the water, which means it’s also making it more acidic.

And what all that boils down to is that every aquarist is also something of a chemist.

But of course this doesn’t mean a thing if you haven’t learned, over time, which fish match with which water parameters. Different fish from different parts of the world have evolved to adapt to different sets of conditions, and we know all that stuff too.

A cichlid from the African Rift Lakes can’t really cohabit with its cousins and neighbors from the Congo Basin, just a short (and relatively new) mountain range away. But the Congo cichlids and the South American cichlids an ocean away can, because they’re originally from a single river system. Back in the Cretaceous Period, 100 or so million years ago, before there was the Atlantic Ocean, before there were the Andes Mountains, South America and Africa were nestled together, and so were the Congo and the Amazon.

The proto-Congo flowed into the proto-Amazon, which flowed west into the proto-Pacific. That’s part of the reason why the Amazon is full of freshwater stingrays whose closest saltwater relatives live in the eastern Pacific. And that’s why, even after all those millions of years in which first the Atlantic opened, separating this once immense river system into two not-as-immense (but still immense) river systems, and then the Andes rose, first blocking and then reversing the flow of the entire Amazon drainage, those are the two primary places in the world we find cichlids and tetras and killies. The East African Rift came later, filling up with water that switches back and forth between the Congo, Nile and Lake Chad watersheds as the land shifts beneath them, picking up some stray Congo cichlid along the way that was the progenitor of all those alkaline-and mineral-loving rift lake cichlids we so enjoy today.

Similarly, we know that there’s a sharp divide between the fishes of Asia and those of Australia that happens somewhere between Borneo and New Guinea. Asia is home to barbs and rasboras and anabantids and loaches; in Australia those same niches are filled by rainbows and blue-eyes. We may even know that this is because whenever there’s an Ice Age the sea level drops, and the big islands of Borneo and Sumatra and Java are connected to Asia, and the big island of New Guinea is connected to Australia, but the islands in between these two remain surrounded by water in the deep trench separating the continental plates. Freshwater fish have a hard time crossing deep oceanic trenches, and few do. Or we know that at

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some point millions of years hence the Great African Rift will become so great that it will be invaded by the sea from the north, from the Afar triple point in Ethiopia. If that happens quickly, in a massive deluge of saltwater, the Rift Lake cichlids may mostly vanish, but if it happens slowly, a narrow channel to the sea gradually altering the water chemistries of the lakes, then some of those same cichlids will adapt and radiate into a thousand new species of saltwater cichlids. To know our fish is to know not just geography but also to dabble in paleogeology and be a bit of a time-traveler too!

Once you’ve figured out why the various families of fishes are distributed the way they are around the globe, you might want to actually set up an aquarium to mimic one particular spot on the planet.

It could be a shoreline scene from the southern end of Lake Tanganyika, or a karst pool on the Bird’s Head Peninsula of New Guinea, or a Red Sea reef off the Sudanese coast. And once you get that idea stuck in your head, well, thank God for the internet, because you’ll be taking a (minimum) weeks-long deep dive into everything you can find out about that spot. Not only what sorts of fish live there and can you even purchase them, but also what kinds of plants, what kinds of substrate, what water parameters (see above)?

If there’s leaf litter, what kinds of leaves? If there are pebbles, what kind of rocks and what kinds of shapes?

And what, aside from one another, do these fishes eat?

I promise you, it isn’t TetraMin. So every fish person ends up being something of an ecologist.

And then there are all the tools we use. The tanks and the filters and the lights, of course, but also the siphons and pumps and diffusers and nets, the buckets and the smorgasbord of flakes and pellets and that stack of frozen foods in the freezer and maybe also that take-out container that now houses a colony of white worms and that bag of sterile peat left over from a past dalliance with Nothobranchius. And let’s not forget all the spare parts that accumulate over time. Is there any one of us who doesn’t have a stash somewhere of tubing and valves and impellers and silicone and filter media and extra rocks and driftwood and plastic bags and an automatic feeder you bought but never even opened and test kits that expired years ago or that bucket of gravel you scooped out of some decommissioned tank God knows when? And when something unexpected happens, we’re into the stash, finding the impeller we saved from the Eheim that died six years ago, or reusing that crusty old 4-way valve to get an extra air stone into service when a filter change provokes a Corydoras orgy and you need someplace with water flow to put that cluster of chain swords the catfish have so joyously festooned, or hoping that decade-old methylene blue or Acroflavine can save that same cache of eggs when a couple have turned opaque with fungus. So yeah, aquarists also have to be part pack rat and part mechanic and part MacGyver, just to keep things running smoothly.

Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

A lot of people don’t understand fish as pets.

They think that only mammals, warm and furry, are legit. Or they think that pets have to curl up in your lap or climb up your arm or peek out of your pocket.

When my kids were growing up I had a rule about pets. They could have absolutely any pet they wanted, under one condition: it had to live in a container.

Over the course of their childhood we had guinea pigs, a miniature rabbit, a pair of Madagascar giant day geckos, a parakeet, anoles, frogs, and of course fish. There was a 20H that was theirs. We’d go to an aquarium store, and if they saw something they wanted that could peaceably co-habit with what they already had, they could add it to their collection. So they also had fish—their fish. All five groups of vertebrates were represented in our home, and if you were to ask them today if they had pets growing up, they’d say “Yes, lots of them!” even with not a dog or cat in the bunch. But there’s something special about fish. No one tries to recreate a dog’s native wild habitat for their beagle or give their Persian a chance to live off what it hunts like its wild cousins. They might stimulate those instincts as a game, laughing as their cat pounces on a finger wiggled under a blanket or as one leashed dog sniffs around another leashed dog on a walk in the park. In fact the natural habitat of a dog or a cat is now in a human home—they’re domesticated and a living room is their biotope. They need us as their companions—they’ve domesticated us as well.

Fish are different. Fish aren’t domesticated, they’re kept. They respond to us in different ways— ways that maybe only fish people can appreciate— rushing to the front of the tank when you walk into the room because The Flakeman cometh, or mirroring our inquisitive stare with their own. Most people who’ve never had an aquarium don’t even realize that not only can we see in, but the fish can see out. We have taken them from their medium, from the watery parts of the world, into our homes on dry land, and they demand much of us to keep them safe and healthy. They ask us to be part linguist and part classicist, part evolutionary biologist and part paleogeologist, part chemist, part ecologist, part packrat, and part mechanic. They ask us to grow, to stretch, to imagine, and to be lifelong learners. They make life into one long and endlessly engaging science project. How many fish people do you know who aren’t always looking for some new trick to get their fishes to spawn and their fry to grow, who aren’t always searching for something new and rare, something they’ve seen in magazines but never in life, something that might turn up in their favorite aquarium store’s next shipment, or in a friend’s fish room, or at an auction or show or convention? So add something else to the list, something I already knew in junior high—fish also make seekers and searchers and dreamers of us all!

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MA Classics

Reprinted from Modern Aquarium – Series III, Vol. 4, No. 4 April, 1997

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Keeping Limia tridens A Livebearer from Hispañola Story and Photos by Dan Radebaugh few months ago I but moved them to the received a small ten a couple of days group of Limia later. After a few more tridens from fellow days I began to notice GCAS member Jack that there were tiny little McDonnell. I have a fish swimming around in couple of small tanks (10 the 29. Sure enough, at gallon) that for the past least one of the females several years have mainly in the original group had served as grow-out space given birth before being for various cichlids, but moved! more recently have only been providing homes for These are very small fish, but also very pretty! some cherry shrimp and a few snails, so I put these Since they’re living in the lower tank I pretty much newcomers into the lower of the two tanks (I know, I have to lie down to photograph them, using the “spray know, but I’ve had the over & under ten gallon setup and pray” tactic of subject acquisition. You’ll get an for a while now, and didn’t want to use the top tank idea of their size by noticing the ID info on the heater yet because I need to do something to improve the (top photo). lighting).

Limia is derived from the Latin ‘limus᾿, meaning Limia tridens: Vital Stats mud, and pertains to the feeding habits of the fish. I Common name: Tiburon Limia have to say that I was a bit surprised to see how small Family: Poeciliidae Temperature: 75- 84° F (22-25° C) Water Hardness: gH 12-25, pH: 7.5 to 8.0 Max Length: 4.5 cm Distribution: Hispaniola (Haiti, Santo Domingo) Reproduction: Livebearer Temperament: Peaceful Environment: Heavily planted with large open swimming area.

Nutrition: omnivore—Variety of live, frozen, and dry food Filtration: Medium flowing water

A

these are! Notice the little shrimps just below and above the fish in the photo above (see arrow). Wow! I started them off in a rather plant-choked 29 gallon,

Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

Native to Haiti and the Dominican Republic, maximum length for males is about 3 cm—4 cm for females. They are said to be peaceful when kept with other fishes, and I have seen nothing so far to refute that. Some say that it’s a good idea to add a bit of salt to the water (2 teaspoons per 25 liters of water), but I haven᾿t yet tried that. If there are plenty of hiding places (plant roots, leaves, etc.) the young can stay in the same aquarium with the parents. I guess I’ll find that out real soon. They like a good swimming area, as well as a lot of hiding places.

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News From The NEC

The America COMPETES Act (HR4521) has passed the House, and will now go to the Senate to be voted on. Please join us in asking your state Senator to vote NO on the COMPETES Act as the new amendment will irrevocably harm the aquarium hobby by limiting which fish are legally allowed into the country. The Department of Fisheries and Wildlife has not done ecological risk studies on many fish in the aquarium hobby, and any fish that hasn't had a risk study completed could be banned from import if this Act passes a vote in the Senate.

To learn if your House Representative voted yes, go to: https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/202231 To find your state Senator's contact information, go to: https://www.senate.gov/senators/senators-contact.htm Let them know that you don’t agree with the new amendment as it would: A) Create a white list of approved species that can be imported, where any animal not listed is treated as an injurious species by default and banned from importation into the United States; B) Change the Lacey Act shipment clause to ban the interstate transport of species listed as injurious; and C) Establish new emergency powers that would allow USFWS to use an "emergency designation" that is effective immediately after publication in the Federal Register unless extended up to 60 days to prohibit importation of species if found injurious to humans, ag, horticulture, forestry, wildlife or wildlife resources of U.S. for no more than 3 years.

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2021 Modern Aquarium Article Index Month/Pg

ANABANTIDS

“Trials and Tribulations with Betta macrostomaˮ by Joseph Graffagnino......................................... 10/15

AQUARISTICS

“My Fern-Aquaria” by Stephen Sica.................................................................................................. 04/09 “Heaters 101” by Joseph Ferdenzi..................................................................................................... 07/15 “The Amazing Mag Clip” by Joseph Ferdenzi................................................................................... 08/09

CATFISH

“Raising Royal Farlowella Fry” by Joan Snider................................................................................ 04/15 “Corydoras schultzei” by Joseph Graffagnino....................................................................................05/11 “An Appreciation of Our Synodontis Catfish” by Arthur Mayer........................................................ 07/17

CICHLIDS

“Experiences In Keeping The Panda Uaru” by Joseph Ferdenzi....................................................... 03/26 “Gymnogeophagus terrapurpura” by Joseph Graffagnino................................................................ 04/07 “Pelmatochromis buettikoferi” by Joseph Graffagnino...................................................................... 06/07 “My Fascination With Shell Dwellers” by Jules Birnbaum............................................................... 07/07 “The Dragon of Cichliddom - Firemouth” by Joel Antkoviak........................................................... 07/13 “Laetacara araguaiae, A terrific mid-sized cichlid” by Arthur Mayer...............................................08/11 “Aquarium Care of Cichlids” by Claudia Dickinson -- reviewed by Susan Priest........................ 08/15 “Former Heavyweight Champion: Jack Dempsey” by Joel Antkowiak.............................................11/10

COVER PHOTOGRAPHS Yellow Tang – photo by Joseph F. Gurrado........................................................................................03/C1 Cardinal Tetras (Paracheirodon axelrodi) – photo by Victor Huang................................................04/C1 Pachypanchax patriciae – photo by Dr. Paul Loiselle.......................................................................05/C1 Corydoras sterbai and some albino Ancistrus – photo by Geri Domingo.........................................06/C1 Melanotaenia Sp. Bindoola Creek – photo by Rob McAlister..........................................................07/C1 Laetacara araguaiae, - photo by Arthur Mayer.................................................................................08/C1 75 Gallon Reef Tank – photo by Joseph F. Gurrado...........................................................................09/C1 Joseph Ferdenzi, Joseph Graffagnino, and Horst Gerber - photo by Joseph F. Gurrado....................10/C1 13.5 Gallon Fluval Nano Reef tank – photo by Joseph F. Gurrado....................................................11/C1 Planted Community Tank – photo by Ryan Revilla...........................................................................12/C1

COVER PHOTOGRAPHS from Modern Aquarium, Series III

1994....................................................................................................................................................07/20 1995....................................................................................................................................................08/20 1996....................................................................................................................................................09/20 1997....................................................................................................................................................10/22 1998....................................................................................................................................................11/20 1999....................................................................................................................................................11/28

ECOLOGY “New York Harbor Is Alive!” by Jules Birnbaum...............................................................................03/11

EXCHANGE ARTICLES

“Dreaming in the Key of Sea” by James Bradley................................................................................03/13 Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY) March 2022 21

“Tall Tales and Myths: The Hippocampus......................................................................................... 04/14 “Raising Royal Farlowella Fry” by Joan Snider................................................................................ 04/15 “Feeding Fish Bloodworms - (Possible Health Risks to Hobbyists” by Thomas M. Keevin............ 05/21 “Macropodus opercularis: The Paradisefish” by Mike Hellweg, CFN (Certified Fish Nut)............ 06/13 “The Not So Simple Salvinia” by Glen Roberts................................................................................ 06/16 “The Dragon of Cichliddom - Firemouth” by Joel Antkoviak........................................................... 07/13 “Aquarium Husbandry of the Tiger Limia” by Paul V. Loiselle........................................................ 08/12 ‟DIY Tips, Tricks, and Treats - Fry-Raising System” by Joan Snider............................................... 09/14 “Canopy Light Conversion to LED” by Zenin Skomorowski.............................................................10/11 “Former Heavyweight Champion: Jack Dempsey” by Joel Antkowiak.............................................11/10 “The Tucano Tetraˮ by Don Kinyon...................................................................................................12/13 “How To Make A Pleco Christmas Tree” by Anthony T. Kroeger..................................................... 12/15

FAREWELLS

“In Memoriam: Muhammad Khan 1930-2020” by Leonard Ramroop ............................................. 04/06 “In Memoriam: Joseph Graffagnino” by Dan Radebaugh................................................................. 10/14

GCAS Facebook Fishy Friends Photos

Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 03/08 Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 04/22 Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 05/20 Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 06/08 Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 07/06 Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 08/06 Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 09/06 Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 10/07 Fishy Friends’ Photos..........................................................................................................................11/06 Fishy Friends’ Photos......................................................................................................................... 12/25

GCAS Society Issues

GCAS 2021 Author Award Program.................................................................................................. 12/17 GCAS 2021 Breeder Awards.............................................................................................................. 12/21 GCAS 2021 Breeder Award Totals..................................................................................................... 12/22 GCAS Past Award Winners................................................................................................................ 12/24

GENERAL INTEREST and MISCELLANEOUS

2020 MODERN AQUARIUM INDEX OF ARTICLES................................................................... 03/28 GCAS Prohibited Species List........................................................................................................... 04/18 “Keepers of the Wild: Why Do We Keep Fish” by Abigail Weinberg.............................................. 05/13 “Feeding Fish Bloodworms - Possible Health Risks to Hobbyists” by Thomas M. Keevin.............. 05/21 “Fish Ponds of My Youth” by Dan Radebaugh.................................................................................. 06/11 “My Life With Fish” by Jason Gold................................................................................................... 07/07 “How Do Fish Age?” by Joseph Graffagnino..................................................................................... 07/10 “My Life With Fish (2)” by Jason Gold............................................................................................. 09/07 “Support Our Local Fish Stores!” by Artie Mayer............................................................................. 10/09 “A Life In Fish -- Part III: Georgia Discus ” by Jason Gold.............................................................11/07 “The Keystone Clash 2021” by Joseph Ferdenzi................................................................................11/09 “Modern Aquarium in Exchanges” by Dan Radebaugh..................................................................... 12/03 “The Importance of Being an Earnest Readerˮ by Joseph Ferdenzi.................................................. 12/07

GOLDFISH

“Everyone’s First Pet?” from The Maritime Aquarium of Norwalk..................................................11/12 “Carpy Diem! - Part I: The Old Guard” by Dan Radebaugh.............................................................11/13

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HOBBY HISTORY

“Legendary Aquarists: Winston Churchill” by Joseph Ferdenzi........................................................04/11 “Some Aquarium Firsts: Silicone and Power Filters” by Joseph Ferdenzi....................................... 06/09

KILLIFISH

“Island Killifish” by Joseph Ferdenzi................................................................................................. 05/07 “Hypsolebias mediopapillatusˮ by Joseph Graffagnino......................................................................09/11

LIVE FOOD

“Culturing Daphnia in a Small Body of Water” by Jack McDonnell................................................. 03/09

LIVEBEARERS

“Phallichthys tico, The Dwarf Widow” by Joseph Graffagnino........................................................ 03/07 “Aquarium Husbandry of the Tiger Limia” by Paul V. Loiselle........................................................ 08/12 “Gambusia To The Rescue?” by Dan Radebaugh.............................................................................. 08/17

MA CLASSICS

“Read a Cookie, Write an Article” by The Undergravel Reporter..................................................... 04/05 “The Amusing Aquarium” by Bernard Harrigan................................................................................ 06/06 “Aquarium Care of Cichlids” by Claudia Dickinson -- reviewed by Susan Priest........................08/15 “The Voyage of Valor” by Elliot Oshins..............................................................................................09/11 “Trials and Tribulations with Betta macrostomaˮ by Joseph Graffagnino..........................................10/15 “Carpy Diem! - Part I: The Old Guard” by Dan Radebaugh.............................................................11/13 “The Fish From Outer Spaceˮ by Susan Priest.................................................................................. 12/09

MARINE FISH & FISHKEEPING

“Dreaming in the Key of Sea” by James Bradley................................................................................03/13 “Caribbean Dreaming” by Stephen Sica.............................................................................................05/17 “A Puffer and a Porcupine” by Stephen Sica...................................................................................... 10/20 “The Ocean Triggerfishˮ by Stephen Sica...........................................................................................11/10

MEMBER PHOTOS

“Pictures from Our Last Meeting” by Jason Kerner.......................................................................... 10/08 “Pictures from Our Last Meeting” by Leonard Ramroop.................................................................. 12/14

NEC NEWS/EVENTS

“NEC Articles Competition Results” ................................................................................................ 05/06 “News From The NEC”...................................................................................................................... 10/06

PLANTS

“The Not So Simple Salvinia” by Glen Roberts................................................................................ 06/16 “Anubias “nanji”: An Amazing Plant” by Joseph Ferdenzi............................................................. 09/10 “Pearlweed: Hemianthus micranthemoides” by Jack McDonnell......................................................10/10

PUZZLES “FIN FUN”

“The Nasty Ones”...............................................................................................................................03/36 “Look & See”.....................................................................................................................................04/24 “In My Fishroom”...............................................................................................................................05/28 “A Pond Grew In Brooklyn”.............................................................................................................. 06/22 “Find the Flag”................................................................................................................................... 07/22 “What’s In A Word?”.......................................................................................................................... 08/22 “Find The Vowels”............................................................................................................................. 09/22

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“Front To Back” ................................................................................................................................. 10/24 “Take It Outside!”................................................................................................................................11/22 “Let It Snow!.” .................................................................................................................................. 12/30

RAINBOWFISH “Breeding Rainbows - with the help of Watersprite” by Jules Birnbaum.......................................... 09/17

REVIEWS

“Aquarium Care of Cichlids” by Claudia Dickinson -- reviewed by Susan Priest........................ 08/15

SPEAKER PROFILES Tonight’s Speaker: Tonight’s Speaker: Tonight’s Speaker: Tonight’s Speaker: Tonight’s Speaker: Tonight’s Speaker: Tonight’s Speaker: Tonight’s Speaker: Tonight’s Speaker:

Joseph Ferdenzi: “Lake Tanganyika Cichlids”.................................................. 03/06 Richard Pierce: ‟A Second Look at Tetras”...................................................... 04/13 Joe Graffagnino: ‟A Pond Grew in Brooklyn..................................................... 05/26 Markita Savage: The Xiphophorus Genetic Stock Center.................................. 06/06 Sal Silvestri: Interesting and Unusual Fish I Have Worked With...................... 07/14 Joseph Ferdenzi: A Virtual Tour of his Fishroom.............................................. 08/19 Ted Coletti: Summer Tubbing............................................................................10/19 Basil Holubis: Fish Foods, A to Z......................................................................11/17 Dan Katz: Breeding Experiences.......................................................................12/08

TETRAS

“The Tucano Tetraˮ by Don Kinyon...................................................................................................12/13

THE UNDERGRAVEL REPORTER - a column by The Undergravel Reporter

“Smooth Swimming?”........................................................................................................................ 03/35 “Shell Game”...................................................................................................................................... 04/23 “Feelin’ Groovy”................................................................................................................................ 05/27 “Prehistoric Piscines”......................................................................................................................... 06/21 “Mega Monster”................................................................................................................................. 07/21 “Jellyfishbot and the Hyeromedusa”.................................................................................................. 08/21 “Going For The Gold”........................................................................................................................ 09/21 “The 12 Million Year Old Fairy”........................................................................................................ 10/23 “Memories Are Made of This”............................................................................................................11/21 “Yuck!”............................................................................................................................................... 12/33

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GCAS

Breederʼs Award Entry Form

Name of Breeder _________________________________ Fish Name (Latin) _______________________________ Common Name (if any) __________________________ Date Spawned ___________________________________ Is Fish in CARES Program? ______________________ Date Free Swimming _____________________________ Date Presented at Meeting _______________________ Photo? _________ Video? _________ At Least 6 60-Day Fry in Auction?

______________

BAP Chair Signature _____________________________

______________________________ Program Use Only

_____________

______ _________

Points for species + CARES = Total Points Certificate # : ______________

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GCAS Member Discounts at Local Fish Shops

10% Discount on everything.

20% Discount on fish. 15% on all else.

10% Discount on everything.

10% Discount on everything.

10% Discount on everything.

10% Discount on fish.

10% Discount on everything.

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10% Discount on everything except ʽon saleʼ items.

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Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

10% Discount on everything.

10% Discount on everything.

10% Discount on everything.

15% Discount on everything in store, or online at: http://www.junglebobaquatics.com Use coupon code gcas15.

Member Classifieds FOR SALE: Eheim Cannister Filters -- Used but still in good shape: Email Dan R (danrad545@earthlink.net)

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2213 (2), 2250

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Modern Aquarium Covers 2000

January2000 February 2000 March 2000 April 2000 May 2000 June 2000 September 2000 October 2000 November 2000 December 2000

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Pristella maxillaris Betta albamarginata Neolamprologus leleupi Enantiopus flavipinnis Apistogramma nijsseni

by Susan Priest

by Alexander A. Priest

by Joseph Ferdenzi

by Joe Lozito from 1986 Tetra Calendar Cover from our 2000 Show Journal by Alexander A. Priest U.S. Postage stamps honoring the Aquarium Hobby Neolamprologus multifasciatus from GCAS Archives Hippocampus sp.

by Jason Kerner Neolamprologus buscheri

by Joe Lozito

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Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY)

A series by the Undergravel Reporter In spite of popular demand to the contrary, this humor and information column continues. As usual, it does NOT necessarily represent the opinions of the Editor, or of the Greater City Aquarium Society.

T

he Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) is one of only six extant lungfish species in the world.

Endemic to Australia, the Neoceratodontidae are an ancient family belonging to the class Sarcopterygii, or lobe-finned fishes.1

A primitive species with lungs and gills, Australian lungfish are believed to be the evolutionary link between fish and amphibians.

Recently, the New York Post reported2 that an Australian lungfish named Methuselah is, at about 90 years of age, believed to be the oldest living aquarium fish in the world. Methuselah reportedly likes to eat fresh figs and get belly rubs.

Methuselah, a 4-foot-long (1.2-meter), 40-pound (18.1-kilogram) Australian lungfish, was brought to the San Francisco museum in 1938 from Australia. In the Bible, Methuselah was Noah’s grandfather and was said to have lived to be 969 years old.

Until a few years ago, the oldest Australian lungfish was at the Shedd Aquarium in Chicago. But that fish, named Granddad, died in 2017 at the age of 95.

References: 1 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_lungfish 2 https://nypost.com/2022/01/27/meet-methuselah-the-oldest-living-aquarium-fish/ Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY) Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S. (NY)

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Fin Fun Finding Nemo is a 2003 American computer-animated adventure film about the adventures of a clownfish named Nemo. Can you find Nemo, and the other characters in the film, whose names are hidden below?

ANCHOR BLOAT BRUCE BUBBLES CHUM CORAL CRUSH DARLA DORY GILL GURGLE JACQUES MARLIN NEMO NIGEL PEACH PEARL SHELDON SQUIRT TAD

Solution to our last puzzle: Door wreath is missing Tree next to window is missing Words and snowflakes on banner missing Snowperson #1 has an extra button Snowperson #2's buttons are missing

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Snowperson #2 has an extra "finger" Snowperson #3 now has a scarf Snowperson #3's hat is missing Snowperson #4's nose is shorter Snowperson #4's scarf is shorter

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Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S (NY) Modern Aquarium - Greater City A.S. (NY)

100th Anniversary!

1922-2022