Prairie Grains Nov/Dec 2023

mnwheat.org

Issue 196 November - December 2023

Building Opportunities by Association

DATA

e v i D p e De

d le a e v e R ls ia r T ty ie r a V 2023 Read More MAWG Elections

Ag Innovation Campus Opens Prairie Grains Conference Preview

Minnesota Wheat, 2600 Wheat Drive, Red Lake Falls, MN 56750

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PUBLISHER AND CIRCULATION

Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers 2600 Wheat Drive • Red Lake Falls, MN 56750 218.253.4311 • Email: mnwheat@mnwheat.com Web: www.mnwheat.org

EDITORIAL

Drew Lyon, Ag Management Solutions 1020 Innovation Lane • Mankato, MN 56001 Ph: 507.388.1635 Email: dlyon@agmgmtsolutions.com

CONTENT EDITORS

Sydney Harris, Ag Management Solutions Ph: 218.689.5091 Email: sharris@agmgmtsolutions.com Katelyn Engquist, Ag Management Solutions Ph: 507.508.1540 Email: kengquist@agmgmtsolutions.com

Prairie Grains November December - 2023 | Issue 196

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Against the Grain: A grower’s gratitude

ART DIRECTORS

Kaelyn Rahe, Ag Management Solutions Ph: 507.388.1635 Email: krahe@agmgmtsolutions.com Alex Troska, Ag Management Solutions Ph: 952.334.2539 Email: atroska@agmgmtsolutions.com

ADVERTISING SALES

Erin Rossow, Ag Management Solutions 1020 Innovation Lane • Mankato, MN 56001 Ph: 507.902.9191 Email: erin.rossow@agmgmtsolutions.com

ABOUT PRAIRIE GRAINS

Prairie Grains magazine is published six times annually and delivered free of charge to members of these grower associations, and to spring wheat and barley producers in Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota and Montana. To subscribe or change address, please write or call our circulation department.

OUR PARTNERS

Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers and Minnesota Wheat Research & Promotion Council 2600 Wheat Drive • Red Lake Falls, MN 56750 218.253.4311 • Email: mnwheat@mnwheat.com Web: www.mnwheat.org

North Dakota Grain Growers Association 2401 46th Ave SE , Suite 204 • Mandan, ND 58554 701.222.2216 • Email: danw@ndgga.com Web: www.ndgga.com

South Dakota Wheat Growers Association 116 N. Euclid, Box 667 • Pierre, SD 58501 605.224.4418 • Email: wheatinc@midco.net

Montana Grain Growers Association P.O. Box 1165 • Great Falls, MT 59403 • 406.761.4596 Email: erobinson@mgga.org • Web: www.mgga.org

Northland Community and Technical College 1101 Highway One East • Thief River Falls, MN 56701 218.683.8800 Email: ron.dvergsten@northlandcollege.edu Web: www.northlandcollege.edu

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Taming the Bulls & Bears: Betsy Jensen knows

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Election Selection: MAWG directors running for reelection, seek at-large candidate

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Building blocks: Ag Innovation Campus unveils facility during grand opening

Praire Grains Conference 2023 preview

Cover Story Our yearly special edition of Prairie Grains highlights the results from the 2023 Variety Trials from leading public and private researchers.

Take a closer look into each trial and follow-up with industry leaders at the 2023 Prairie Grains Conference!

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 3

A Grower’s Gratitude The gales of November have descended and, with it, an early snowfall. Though this is frustrating, Minnesota wheat growers are experts at handling the cards we have been dealt.

Though the fields won’t be needing our attention in the coming months, there are plenty of events on the calendar that my attention will be focused on – and I hope yours will be too. Of important note is the annual Prairie Grains Conference Dec. 13-14 in Grand Forks, N.D. This is our premier event, bringing several commodities and multiple state organizations together. It’s a great educational opportunity to learn about what’s happening in our industry and a chance to reconnect with colleagues from across Minnesota and our neighboring states. Thank you to our conference partners, Minnesota Barley and North Dakota Grain Growers, and our several business sponsors and exhibitors – we couldn’t do it without your support.

In November, I attended the National Association of Wheat Growers’ (NAWG) fall conference in Cincinnati, a joint meeting with U.S. Wheat Associates (USW). This meeting was chockfull of wheat grower advocacy discussions and industry updates. As one of Minnesota’s representatives on NAWG, I’m excited to visit with wheat growers from across the nation and work together to strengthen our industry.

While my time as president of the Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers (MAWG) is coming to a close, there is an abundance to be

thankful for during my tenure. First and foremost, I’m grateful to our MAWG members.

Your support of this organization ensures that wheat growers across the state have a seat at the table in St. Paul and Washington, D.C. With a Farm Bill still in the works, it’s important now more than ever for us to engage with our elected leaders. In August, I had the privilege of hosting Sen. Tina Smith on my farm in Bejou to discuss the important components of the Farm Bill, such as an increased wheat reference price. Without membership support, these sorts of opportunities to positively influence our legislators would be impossible.

If you aren’t already, please consider becoming a MAWG member today.

Sen. Smith’s visit wasn’t the first from a legislator. During my twoyear tenure as president, I was also able to visit with Rep. Michelle Fischbach when she was touring rural Minnesota. Visits with our elected officials are just one way that Minnesota Wheat has a seat at the table; media coverage is another avenue for us to represent Minnesota wheat growers. In recent years, MAWG has been featured on Fox Business News, The Tucker Carlson Show, KARE 11 and in the Star Tribune, among many others. This level of state and national coverage allows us to tell our story to a broad audience. Without membership support from you all, this wouldn’t be possible.

Page 4 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

This issue is our special expanded Variety Trials edition featuring our trial data from our Extension friends from Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota, along with private seed companies.

Though it looked dicey in the beginning, many of us were pleasantly surprised with our wheat harvest yields. We also profile MAWG Second Vice President Austen Germolus, who was awarded Norman County’s Farm Family of the Year award at Farmfest.

Before I sign off as president, I want to extend my heartfelt gratitude for the opportunity to lead this organization over the past two years. The support from my fellow MAWG board members and from wheat growers across the state has been tremendous. Thank you to each and every one of you. It has been my pleasure to represent Minnesota wheat growers at the state and national level and I look forward to continuing advocating on your behalf.

As the harvest season winds down and the holiday season ramps up, I hope that everyone gets the rest they deserve and enjoys plenty of time with family and friends.

Hopefully, I’ll see many of you in December at the Prairie Grains Conference. If not, we’ll see you in the new year.

Mike Gunderson Mike Gunderson farms in Bejou and serves as president of the Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers.

IKYK If you understand the title of this article, you were probably born after 1980. Texting has its own language. I was born before 1980 but pick up bits and pieces of this new language.

Sometimes there are things we cannot understand, decode, predict or quantify. I will admit I cannot understand my 2023 wheat yields.

How on earth did my farm have above average wheat yields in 2023? Hot summer, late seeding, dry weather and somehow our yields were above average. I learned that ugly fields do not equate to poor yields. I saw other farmers scratching their heads, too.

I am a numbers person and I want to quantify everything. If the stocks to use ratio is X, that equates to price Y. If yield projections decline with each USDA report, that equates to a higher price trend. If we have triple digit temperatures in June with no rain, I expect a poor spring wheat crop. I want to find equations to all my questions. Relying on gut instinct, luck and wives’ tales is very uncomfortable for me. I know you know.

We try to find patterns in pricing and look at historical movements to create those equations, but along comes a big

Betsy Jensen is a Farm Business Management Instructor at Northland Community and Technical College.

Follow her on Twitter at @jensenbetsyr.

export sale, crop problems in South America, or a world conflict. Our markets are called futures markets, not present markets. They are trying to predict the price in the future, not the price today. That USDA report was old news two minutes after it was released.

My 2023 yields were reminders that there is no perfect equation for bumper yields. Quite a few things can go wrong, and yields might still be fine. We can get bullish news for four days in a row and prices will rally. One day of bearish news and it’s all wiped out. Life isn’t fair. I know you know.

I am already looking ahead to 2024 sales. I have much of my fertilizer, seed and land rent locked in. If I run the numbers with average yields, I can make money at the 2024 prices.

Not a lot of money, but there are some profits. I have profitability equations and revenue is equal to or greater than expenses. I need to listen to the math and have confidence in my equation.

I spend too much time with “What If” scenarios. What if yields are poor?

What if I sell and prices go higher?

What if we exceed our repair budget?

What if it’s wet and we hire the

airplane for every acre? I see the most likely scenario in front of me, but my mind sees the worst-case scenario in the background. I know you know.

My pledge for 2024 is to not be the worst-case scenario planner. What if things DO work as planned? What if my cash flow is darn close? What if revenue exceeds my plans? I joke that farmers are a pessimistic bunch, and I am joining their end of the world club a little more each year.

I am going to remember the years (like 2023) when the crop looked horrible, and we pulled a rabbit out of a hat. I am going to remember the purpose of forward contracting. It is not picking a high but spreading risk. I won’t panic or rejoice before the crop is harvested and sold.

I will remind myself that there are things that we cannot understand, quantify, decode or predict. Basically, life is a USDA program (I’m looking at you IRA, ERP2 and PARP). There are no perfect equations to predict yields, prices or profitability. Try to remember the good scenarios along with the bad.

And the title of this article? Well, I know you know.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 5

‘Leaders lead’: MN Soybean Growers president promotes MDA’s Water Quality Program Although he’d already adopted best management practices on his Lake Benton family farm, Minnesota Soybean Growers Association (MSGA) President Bob Worth hadn’t seriously considered joining the Minnesota Agricultural Water Quality Certification Program (MAWQCP).

“I had heard about it through Farmfest and Soybean Business, but never knew much about the program,” Worth said.

That all changed when Worth visited the European Union Delegation in Washington, D.C., with his fellow MSGA directors. Worth learned how becoming certified would mean he was doing his part toward making Minnesota’s high-quality soybeans more attractive to European buyers. Becoming MAWQCP certified also meant Worth could play a role in dispelling myths about modern farming production practices.

“There was so much misinformation on what we do, and it opened my eyes,” Worth said.

During an event inside his farm shop, Worth – alongside Rep. Michelle Fischbach, Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) Commissioner Thom Petersen, Minnesota State Sen. Bill Weber and assorted officials and fellow farmers – spoke about the “simple process” of enrolling. The event was hosted

by MAWQCP Program Manager Brad Jordahl Redlin.

“Leaders lead, and people like Bob lead by example and it makes our job easier,” said Troy Daniell, Minnesota state director with the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS).

Rep. Fischbach, who represents Worth’s district, commended Minnesota farmers for their proactive measures to improve soil health.

“Farmers are the first conservationists,” she said. “They’ll do what’s right and take care of their farm and their land.”

By becoming certified, Worth is encouraging other growers to follow his lead.

“This is something we need to really have all of us do in Minnesota,” said Worth, who farms with his son, Jon, and wife, Gail. “And if I don’t do it, how can I expect other members to do it?”

Commissioner Petersen said the program has blossomed, thanks in part to farmers and stakeholders working together to spread the message about the myriad benefits of enrolling.

“It’s really a partnership,” he said. “A lot of the money that supports this program comes from the Farm Bill and the Legacy funds that Sen. Weber works with. NRCS is our host agency, and our Soil and Water Districts are key partners.”

‘Ahead of the curve’ The MAWQCP connects growers with local conservation district experts to identify and mitigate any risks their farm poses to water quality on a field-by-field basis. Farmers enrolled in the MAWQCP enjoy higher profits than non-certified farms, according to a recent study by the Minnesota State Agricultural Centers of Excellence. The 101 MAWQCP farms in the study reported 2022 net farm income an average of more than $23,500 or 7.5% higher than non-certified farms.

Over four years of data, the average income for MAWQCP farms was $16,000-$40,000 higher.

“The economic sustainability is impressive,” Daniell said.

“That ensures that level of stewardship will sustain producers.”

Worth said MSGA is committed to continue supporting the MAWQCP. “This program is going to help the whole state of Minnesota for agriculture,” he said. “We’re going to keep moving this program along and we’ll get all the farmers certified.”

Page 6 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

IT’S NOT JUST YOUR LAND. IT’S YOUR LEGACY. The Minnesota Agricultural Water Quality Certification Program rewards farmers like you for what you do best, taking care of your land and its natural resources.

To get started and learn more, contact your local soil and water conservation district or go to:

MyLandMyLegacy.com

April2023 2023• •Prairie PrairieGrains Grains Page Page77 November - December

Election Selection

MAWG directors running for reelection, seek at-large position

By Drew Lyon The Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers (MAWG) has a five-decade track record of attracting talented, forward-thinking advocates.

Serving three-year terms, the MAWG Board of Directors supports seven members – two representing District 1; a pair representing District 2 and three at-large positions serving the entire state.

Farmer-directors gather six times annually to discuss important policies and initiatives. Along with board meetings, directors participate in lobbying trips to St. Paul and Washington, D.C., attend the MAWG Annual Convention during the Prairie Grains Conference and travel to National Association of Wheat Growers (NAWG) meetings.

MAWG appreciates that family and farming are top priorities for directors; thus, time commitment outside of regular board meetings is up to each individual board member.

This year, two directors – Mike Gunderson and Kevin Leiser – are running for reelection in District 2, while outgoing Director Steve Lacey’s departure leaves an AtLarge position open.

Mike Gunderson – District 2 Serving on the MAWG board provides farmers like President Mike Gunderson a unique opportunity to host legislators and display the unique farming practices of Minnesota wheat producers. In summer 2023, the Bejou farmer hosted Sen. Tina Smith, a member of the Senate Ag Committee, for a private visit on his farm.

“I got to show her the characteristics of wheat and explain a little bit more about wheat farming,” he said in October during soybean harvest. “It was good rapport-building.

She’s open to learning, and if I wasn’t part of MAWG, Sen. Smith wouldn’t have been out to my farm to have a conversation on what’s affecting wheat growers. That’s why Page 8 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

it’s important to be affiliated with ag groups – it gets you to the table.”

Gunderson’s two-year presidential term is expected to conclude at MAWG’s annual meeting at Prairie Grains Conference, but he’s running again for his District 2 position.

“I believe in serving in your community, whether it’s ag or something else,” said Gunderson, who’s been a MAWG director for about five years and previously served 12 years with Minnesota Farm Bureau. “It was how I was raised.”

Gunderson also represents MAWG on the national board.

Despite numerous climate and political challenges both at home and abroad, 2023 was a successful year.

“It turned out pretty good,” he said. “I was really happy with the wheat.”

Kevin Leiser – District 2 For the past few years, Fertile farmer Kevin Leiser has juggled positions on both MAWG and the Minnesota Wheat Research & Promotion Council while also representing Minnesota on NAWG.

“I think somebody has to be able to tell our story,” said Leiser, who’s MAWG’s current first vice president. “What they don’t realize in D.C. is every farmer is different – their operations, how they do things – everything is a little different. What we do is different than what they do in Oregon or Kansas, so we try to make sure the policies fit the Upper Midwest and Minnesota.”

Leiser senses a similar disconnect at the state capital in St. Paul.

“Our Minnesota Legislature is dominated by urban populations that have no idea how things work out here,” Leiser said. “Something can sound good but the practicality of it isn’t there, and we have to get our message through that it doesn’t always work in real-time.”

As a longtime farmer-leader, Leiser said his activity not only helps his industry, but he also builds relationships and improves his operation through his affiliation with Minnesota Wheat.

“The biggest thing I see is we get to meet different farmers and you’ll get to see how their operation works and learn how every operation is so different,” he said. “Then, you end up meeting some good friends and people you can discuss things on the state and national level with.”

Leiser hopes that a farmer from the southern area of Minnesota’s wheat country is interested in the at-large position.

“We have about four guys within about 30 miles,” Leiser said, “so while we’re encouraging any wheat farmer who’s interested to apply, we’d love to find someone in a different area, so we have a bit more diversity.”

Leiser and his brother, Kurt, raised eight different crops in 2023: spring wheat, corn, soybeans, black beans, sunflower, rye, oats and field peas. A dry growing season didn’t spoil Leiser’s spring wheat harvest; he also heard many favorable reports from fellow farmers and is looking forward to following up with his colleagues during the 2023 Prairie Grains Conference.

“We must’ve got just enough rain, and it was cool when it was flowering and filling out,” he said. “That must’ve been able to do it, because otherwise it was very hot.”

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Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers (MAWG)

Seeks Board Member Nominations Structure of the MAWG Board Seven members serve on the MAWG Board of Directors.

Two represent District 1; two represent District 2; and three At-large serving the entire state. Members serve three year terms on the board and there is a term limitation of three consecutive three-year terms.

Nomination Process: To become a candidate and place your name on the ballot, call the MN Wheat office at 218-253-4311 ext. 1 or visit https://bit.ly/2KGHnlN to obtain a nomination form.

Nomination Deadline: December 13, 2023

in their farming operations, i.e. meet people with new ideas, expanding their knowledge and generally help them have a larger view of the industry they are in.

Board members are not paid for their involvement, however, their travel related expenses are covered by MAWG. In addition, each active board member receives a $50 per meeting stipend (plus mileage) that is meant to cover some of the other costs associated with being a board member.

Thank you for your interest in your Association. Visit mnwheat.org to learn more about the organization. If you have questions, please call 218-253-4311 ext. 1.

Election Process: Elections for At-large positions will be conducted at the MAWG Annual Business meeting on December 13, 2023.

Elections for District 2 will be conducted by mail ballot.

Commitment for MAWG Board members The MAWG Board of Directors meet approximately six times a year, usually in January, February, March, June, September, and November.

The Board of Directors are encouraged to attend and participate in MAWG Annual Convention in December during the Prairie Grains Conference and the National Assocation of Wheat Growers meetings. There are other meetings that some board members should attend, however, they are a matter of choice if individuals are available to participate. MAWG BoD are encourage to attend lobbying trips to DC and to the MN State Capital in St. Paul. Board members travel with other MAWG officers to meet with our state elected officials.

Board meetings are usually held in Red Lake Falls and last four-six hours. Pertinent information is sent out via email regularly to keep board members updated. The time commitment after the regular board meetings is up to each individual board member. We always say “the farm and family always comes before MAWG activities”. Everyone understands this, but sometimes board members have not always followed that rule when pressing issues were at hand. Many of our board members state that being on the board has helped them

Page 10 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Positions Up For Election District 2 - 2 Directors - 2 open positions, 2 incumbents: Mike Gunderson, Bejou & Kevin Leiser, Fertile At-large - 3 Directors - 1 open position, no incumbents

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 11 © 2019 CHS Inc.

BUILDING Ag Innovation Campus unveils

By Mark Askelson Northwest Minnesota community members joined local and regional dignitaries, area farmers and media for the first public look at the new cutting-edge Ag Innovation Campus (AIC) in Crookston. In September, AIC hosted its grand opening ceremony in conjunction with the Big Iron Farm Show, with an open house, tours and remarks from AIC officials and those involved in the creation of the facility.

For the leaders who helped make the AIC a reality, the grand opening was a triumphant moment and signaled huge opportunities for the region’s ag economy.

“What makes this facility so amazing is the vision and the mission that it is going to hold for agriculture,” Acting AIC CEO Tom Slunecka said in his opening remarks. “Not only will AIC empower the value of agriculture in the region and add value with new employees to the city of Crookston, but this facility is going to change agriculture as a whole.”

After nearly five years of advocating, planning and construction, the Ag Innovation Campus facility itself is complete, but is awaiting a few final components before launching formal operations in the fall.

“Getting to this point was no easy task. We had to navigate COVID-19.

We dealt with supply chain shortages, workforce shortages and inflation,” said AIC Board Chair and Beltrami,

Minn., farmer Mike Skaug. “That makes this moment all the more rewarding. It’s also rewarding to know that farmer-led advocacy was crucial in putting the Ag Innovation Campus in a position to succeed.”

The grand opening ceremony took place in the loading bay of the Ag Innovation Campus, which was packed with about 200 attendees from around the region who were excited to learn more about this one-of-a-kind facility, perhaps none more so than Crookston Mayor Dale Stainbrook.

“The city of Crookston is honored to be the home of AIC, its staff and all of the unique, forward-thinking agricultural products we expect to come from this facility,” said Mayor Stainbrook.

To begin the tour, the AIC visited the Northern Crops Institute (NCI) in Fargo. During the tour, NCI showcased

Page 12 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

its flour mill and pasta and extruder labs. Tim Dufault, who chairs both NCI and the Minnesota Wheat Research & Promotion Council, said the AIC’s potential to foster research for new uses for soybeans and other oil seed crops bodes well for producers in the Prairie Grains readership area.

“I’ve been following the development of the campus for several years,” he said. “This facility has a big vision and once it reaches it full capabilities, it’s going to have a tremendous impact on the ag economy. Farmers should be excited about this investment.”

‘A tremendous opportunity’ In the spirit of the AIC’s bipartisan support, the event also brought in several legislative and agency dignitaries. Minnesota Department

BLOCKS

facility during grand opening of Agriculture Commissioner Thom Petersen, State Sen. Mark Johnson, Rep. Deb Kiel and Ben Lien from Sen. Amy Klobuchar’s office all shared remarks during the grand opening.

“The AIC is going to give Minnesota a tremendous opportunity and edge over our competitors, but it also shows the investment and foresight that the Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council (MSR&PC) and Minnesota Soybean Growers Association (MSGA) had when envisioning this facility,” Commissioner Petersen said.

Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council Chair Tom Frisch, Minnesota Soybean Growers Association President Bob Worth, Agricultural Utilization Research Institute Executive Director Shannon Schlecht, Crookston Area Chamber

of Commerce Executive Director Janelle Wald and National FFA Central Region Vice President Karstyn Cantrell also shared the stage during the grand opening.

“Thanks to checkoff support from both the Council and United Soybean Board, the AIC is bringing both public and private industry together to bring ideas and technologies from benchtop all the way to commercialization,” said Frisch, who farms in Dumont and also serves as AIC treasurer. “The AIC will also allow for teaching of the next generation of crush plant managers and operation personnel, and we’re confident that the AIC can continue to keep our industry at the forefront of new and emerging technologies and valueadded uses.”

Once running, this not-for-profit

facility will produce an estimated 240 tons of soybean meal daily, equaling a grand total of 62,400 tons of soybean meal per year. With three independently operated mechanic crush systems, the AIC will be able to crush organic, non-GMO and GMO soybeans.

The crush plant is only the first phase in this three-phase project.

Phase two will feature an office complex and research labs. Phase three consists of rentable discovery bays that will be available for short to midterm use. Companies can then use the space to prove their designs at full production scale. The “Crushwalk” will also allow visitors to view the processing facility in a safe and bio secure manner.

“Phases two and three are when the AIC will really start to shine and come together,” Slunecka said. “The icing on the cake for all this is we’ll also be able to do a lot of education and train tomorrow’s operators.”

The grand opening and soy education throughout the facility was made possible by the United Soybean Board, the Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council and the soybean checkoff.

To learn more about the Ag Innovation Campus, visit www. aginnovationcampus.org. For sponsorship opportunities, contact Tom Slunecka at tslunecka@ agmgmtsolutions.com

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 13

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When it comes to healthy fields and higher yield potential, Prosaro® PRO 400 SC fungicide delivers. Visit ProsaroPRO.com to learn more.

ALWAYS READ AND FOLLOW PESTICIDE LABEL DIRECTIONS. Performance may vary, from location to location and from year to year, as local growing, soil, and weather conditions may vary. Growers should evaluate data from multiple locations and years whenever possible and should consider the impacts of these conditions on their fields. Not all products are registered in all states and may be subject to use restrictions. The distribution, sale, or use of an unregistered pesticide is a violation of federal and/or state law and is strictly prohibited. Check with your local dealer or representative for the product registration status in your state. Bayer, Bayer Cross, and Prosaro® are registered trademarks of Bayer Group. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. For additional product information, call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit our website at www.BayerCropScience.us. Bayer CropScience LP, 800 North Lindbergh Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63167. ©2022 Bayer Group. All rights reserved.

Page 14 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

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November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 15

December 13-14, 2023

Alerus Center, Grand Forks, ND Thursday Keynote Speakers

JOHN GRIFFITH

LANCE GUNDERSON Owner Regen Ag Lab

Meteorologist & Director of NDAWN North Dakota State University

9:10 a.m.

10:00 a.m.

1:00 p.m.

Executive Vice President Ag Business & CHS Hedging CHS, Inc

Page 16 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

DARYL RITCHISON

Thank you to all of the sponsors & exhibitors!

Platinum Sponsors

Gold Sponsors

Exhibitors:

Silver Sponsors

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21st Century Genetics A&S Ag Sales ADM Processing Agassiz Seed & Supply AgCountry FCS AgNews890 Agricultural Utilization Research Institute AgriPro/Syngenta Anchor Ingredients Anheuser-Busch BASF Bayer CropScience Bremer Bank Bushel Cargill Inc Central Life Sciences CHS, Inc Corteva Agriscience Dakota Ingredients Dakota REV Duluth Seaway Port Auth Eastman Ellingson First Community CU GK Technology Inc Helena Agri-Enterprises FULLTEC Labor Inbound LLC Landmark Companies

Ultima Bank Minnesota Limagrain Cereal Seeds University of Minnesota Meridian Seeds LLC West Central Ag Services MN Ag & Rural Leadership WestBred MN Ag in the Classroom MN Ag Water Quality Certification Program MN Crop Improvement Assn MN Farm Bureau Federation MN Farm Bureau Financial Services MN Farmers Union MN Soybean Research & Promotion Council MN Ag Water Resource Center NCTC Farm Business Management ND Crop Improvement & Seed Assn Northern Crops Institute Pifer's Auction Pioneer Hi Bred Seeds Pivot Bio Plant Power Agriculture Red River Farm Network Red River Retention Authority Red River Watershed Mgmt Board Richland IFC Inc Rivard's Turf & Forage Inc Spray Advantage Spraytec Fertilizers Stine Seed Syngenta

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 17

Wednesday, December 13th Registration by November 28, 2023 is required for all meal ticket guarantees. Don’t delay!

Morning Sessions

Lunch & Afternoon Sessions 12:00 p.m. Lunch

(Guaranteed for those registered prior to Nov. 28, 2023)

11th Annual On-Farm Research Summit Listen to updates on this year’s on-farm research results and participate in group discussions about what the data could mean for wheat and soybean production in our region.

12:00 - 5:00 p.m. Minnesota Wheat Research Committee

The committee will be hearing presentations from researchers who have submitted research pre-proposals for funding by the Minnesota Wheat check-off.

7:30 a.m. Registration, Breakfast and Social 8:00 a.m. Welcome • Copper at Tillering on Wheat • N Rates on High Yielding Wheat Varieties • Pivot Bio Biological Wheat Seed Treatment • Johnson-Su Bioreactor Biological Seed Treatment • Rock Rolling Wheat • Soil Health Partnership • South Dakota Soybean On-farm Research Program • Timing Termination When Greenseeding Soybeans into Cereal Rye • How to Make an Inch of Rain Count 11:45 a.m. Wrap-up

1:30 - 4:00 p.m.

Minnesota & North Dakota Malting Barley Program Everyone interested in barley markets and production are welcome.

1:30 p.m. Welcome Ryan Hough, MN Barley & Nathan Boll, ND Barley 1:35 p.m. Barley Variety Selections Dr. Max Fraser, AB North American Barley Breeder, Ft. Collins, CO 2:00 p.m. U.S. Beer Markets Lester Jones, VP Analytics and Chief Economist, Washington, D.C.

9:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

North Dakota Crop Improvement Meeting Eastern Regional 9:30 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.

North Dakota Barley Council County Representatives Meeting 10:00 a.m. - 12:30 p.m.

Red River Basin Flood Damage Reduction Work Group (FDRWG)

Page 18 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

2:30 p.m. Pet Food Market Tony Rosing, Anchor Ingredients 3:00 p.m. Malting Barley Market Mark Black, Malteurop, Great Falls, MT and Nikki Zahradka, US Director of Agronomy, Anheuser Busch

Wednesday, December 13th Afternoon Sessions continued 2:00 - 3:00 p.m.

MAWG Resolutions Committee Meeting The MAWG Resolutions Committee is made up of MAWG members who attended the first meeting in Red Lake Falls. The committee will address unresolved resolutions and new resolutions presented in writing by MAWG members. The final resolutions will be presented at the Annual Business Meeting at 4:00 p.m.

3:00 – 4:00 p.m.

Minnesota Soybean Growers County Association Meeting County leaders from the region will get together to discuss county and regional projects and promotional programs. This is an open meeting and everyone is encouraged to attend to learn more about your soybean organization.

3:30 - 4:00 p.m.

21st Century Genetics Meeting

Meal tickets are guaranteed for those who register by Tuesday, November 28, 2023 Don’t delay - Register TODAY!

Social, Banquet, and Live Auction People with a passion for our region’s agriculture - Coming together to celebrate and build relationships

5:15 p.m.

Social – Hors d’oeuvres & Refreshments

6:15 p.m.

Welcome and Dinner

7:15 p.m.

Minnesota Assocation of Wheat Growers & North Dakota Grain Growers recognition and awards

7:30 p.m.

Concluding Remarks, Hospitality and Live Auction

Hospitality hosted by:

Open to the public.

4:00 - 5:00 p.m. North Dakota Grain Growers Annual Meeting 4:00 - 5:30 p.m. MN Assn of Wheat

Growers & MN Barley Growers Assn Annual Business Meeting

The associations will report on their activities, discuss and vote on resolutions and conduct the annual business of each association. This will include the election of board positions. All members are encouraged to attend.

This conference is made possible in part through membership in the participating commodity organizations.

If you grow it - support it!

Consider joining today!

See the registration desk for membership details.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 19

Thursday, December 14th

6:30 a.m.

7:00 a.m.

8:00 a.m.

8:50 a.m.

Registration & Breakfast Wheat & Soybean Research Reporting Sessions - see next page Exhibit Hall opens Break in Exhibit Hall

9:00 a.m.

Welcome

9:10 a.m.

Ag Market Trends 2024 and Beyond John Griffith Executive Vice President, Ag Business & CHS Hedging, CHS, Inc Review of where we were in 2023 and what we can expect in 2024. Discussion of grain prices, fertilizer, chemical and fuel price and availability for 2024.

10:00 a.m.

Carbon: Driver of Markets On and Off the Farm Lance Gunderson Owner, Regen Ag Lab Lance will present on the various roles of carbon and how to properly test your soil for use in carbon markets and building soil health.

10:45 a.m.

11:15 a.m.

12:00 p.m.

Break in Exhibit Hall Breakout Sessions - see next page Lunch & Visit Exhibit Hall

1:00 p.m.

El Niño and the 2024 Growing Season Daryl Ritchison Meteorologist & Director of the ND Agricultural Weather Network (NDAWN) Not much in weather gets hyped like an El Niño. Daryl will explain how the ongoing El Niño may impact the 2024 growing season, not only in the United States, but also its impacts on the 2023-2024 growing season in South America. In addition, he will fill us in on NDAWN’s expansion in Minnesota in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Agriculture.

2:00 p.m.

2:30 p.m.

3:15 p.m.

3:45 p.m.

Break in Exhibit Hall Breakout Sessions - see next page Visit Exhibit Hall Conference Closes

See you next year - December 11-12, 2024!

Page 20 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Thursday, December 14th Wheat Reporting Session 6:30 a.m. Continental Breakfast Sponsored by MN Wheat check-off 7:00 a.m. NDSU Wheat Quality Survey – Dr. Shahidul Islam, Assistant Professor Spring Wheat Quality, NDSU 7:20 a.m. Evaluating the Impact of Drain Spacing and Fungicide Seed Treatment on Common Root Rot and Fusarium Crown Rot in Wheat – Dr. Ashok Chanda, Associate Professor, Extension Sugarbeet Pathologist, U of MN 7:40 a.m. Southern Small Grains Research & Extension – Dr. Jochum Wiersma, Small Grains Specialist, U of MN 8:00 a.m. Bacterial Seed Inoculation to Improve Nitrogen Uptake and Use Efficiency in Wheat – Dr. Lindsay Pease, Assistant Professor, Extension Specialist Nutrient and Water Management, U of MN 8:20 a.m. Planting Green Along the Red – Dr. Lindsay Pease, Assistant Professor, Extension Specialist Nutrient and Water Management, U of MN Concluding Remarks

Soybean Reporting Session 6:30 a.m. Continental Breakfast Sponsored by MN Soybean check-off 7:00 a.m. Soybean Breeding and Genetics at the University of Minnesota – Dr. Aaron Lorenz, Professor of Soybean Breeding and Genetics, U of MN 7:30 a.m. A Summary of 2023 Insect Pest, SCN and Frogeye Leaf Spot Project – Dr. Angie Peltier, Extension Educator - Crops, U of MN 7:45 a.m. Cold Hardiness of Soybean Gall Midge – Pheylan Anderson, MS student, Entomology, U of MN 8:00 a.m. Evaluating Control Methods for a New Leafmining Pest of Soybean in Minnesota – Arthur Viera, Research Associate, Entomology, U of MN 8:15 a.m. Determining the Current Population of Phytophthora sojae that is Causing Stem and Root Rot in Minnesota Soybeans – Dr. Angie Peltier, Extension Educator Crops, U of MN 8:25 a.m. Evaluating Soybean Varieties to Identify Genetic and Sources of Resistance and Escape Against White Mold – Dr. Angie Peltier, Extension Educator - Crops, U of MN 8:35 a.m. Cultivating Positive Industry Partnerships to Provide Neutral Third-Party Multi-Industry Soybean Input Comparisons to Growers – Andrew Lueck & Jenna Whitmore, Next Gen Ag LLC Concluding Remarks

11:15 a.m. Breakout Sessions 45 minute sessions

Spring Wheat Variety Performance – Dr. Jim Anderson, Professor and Spring Wheat Breeder, U of MN 2022 FINBIN Farm Financial and Production Highlights – Ron Dvergsten and Greg Dvergsten, Farm Business Management Instructors, Northland Community & Technical College Future of Soybean Breeding and Genetics – Dr. Aaron Lorenz, Professor of Soybean Breeding and Genetics, U of MN What’s New? Using Bio Stimulants and Micronutrients to Increase Northern Plains Small Grain and Broadleaf Yields – Travis Jones, Stoller USA and Chad Rubbelke, Rubbelke Farms, Des Lacs, ND Fertilizer Optimization-How to Improve Fertilizer Efficiency – Robbie Holthusen, Product Manager and Steven McKechnie, AGRIntelligence Agronomist for the Midwest Division’s North Area Managing Hard Red Spring Wheat for High Quality and High Yield in ND and MN – Dr. Clair Keene, Assistant Professor/Agronomist, NDSU Data Management for Precision Agriculture – Dr. Rob Proulx, Extension Agriculture Technology Systems Specialist, NDSU Tapping Into New Markets: How to Grow the Brewing Industry in ND – Moderator: Scott Meyer, Panelists: Nathan Boll, Jared Stober, Chad Gunderson & Mike Frohlich

2:30 p.m. Breakout Sessions 45 minute sessions

Spring Wheat Variety Performance – Dr. Jim Anderson, Professor and Spring Wheat Breeder, U of MN Marketing Plan Rescue, Saving Profitability for 2023 and Beyond – Betsy Jensen, Farm Business Management Instructor, Northland Community & Technical College Precision Soil Sampling Methods: Who Grids, Who Zones, Who Cares? – Sarah Lovas, Agronomist, GK Technology Inc

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 21

Prairie Grains Conference Registration Details

Join us for the 2023 Prairie Grains Conference!

From weather and marketing to research and business management, you will be sure to walk away with some new and valuable information. Our wide variety of speakers are sure to answer the questions you may have.

Registration is required for meal ticket guarantees.

Meal tickets for those registering after the deadline will be available on a first-come, first-served basis until gone.

Don’t miss out - Register by November 28, 2023 Registration for both days of programming and meals are FREE for members of: Minnesota Association of Wheat Growers Minnesota Barley Growers Association Minnesota Soybean Growers Association North Dakota Grain Growers Association Registration is open through the day of the conference - walk-ins are welcome.

Meals only guaranteed if registered by deadline.

Registration fee for non-members: - Wednesday program & lunch - $30 ($35 after deadline) - Wednesday banquet tickets $35 ($40 after deadline) - Thursday conference program & lunch - $30 ($35 after deadline) To register online, visit mnwheat.org, scan the QR code or call the MN Wheat office at 218-253-4311 ext 7.

HOTEL ACCOMMODATIONS Canad Inn, 701-772-8404, $109.00/night, Block #531807, ask for Prairie Grains Conference

Page 22 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

F O C U S E D O N AG . F O C U S E D O N YO U.

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Whether you need ag-focused lending solutions or a crop insurance policy to mitigate risk, we have the knowledge and tools for you.

• Real Estate Loans & Leases • Operating Loans • Equipment Financing • Multi-Peril Crop Insurance Get customized options that fit any size farm, ranch, or agribusiness by contacting your local AgCountry office.

AgCountry.com/Locations

Visit us at booth #41 at the 2023 Prairie Grains Conference

December 13-14, 2023 | Grand Forks, ND

Young or Beginning Farmers

Farm Accounting

Crop Insurance

Commodity Marketing

Online Services

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 23

Succession & Retirement

Leasing Options

%

Loans

Tax

South Dakota State University Extension South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station at SDSU

2023 South Dakota Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Regional Summaries Jonathan Kleinjan | SDSU Extension Agronomist Christopher Graham | SDSU Extension Agronomist Sunish Sehgal | SDSU Winter Wheat Breeder Kevin Kirby | Agricultural Research Manager Shawn Hawks | Agricultural Research Manager Bruce Swan | Agricultural Research Manager Travis Iverson | Assistant Research Farm Manager

Eastern Trial Locations: Brookings, Mt. Vernon, Platte, and South Shore Central Trial Locations: Hayes, Onida, Pierre, Selby, Vivian, and Winner Western Trial Locations: Faith/Lantry, Sturgis and Wall Individual trial location results can be accessed online at: extension.sdstate.edu/winter-wheat-variety-trial-results SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the South Dakota Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture.

Learn more at extension.sdstate.edu.

S-0002-2023-01-WW-Regional Summaries

Page 24 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

© 2023, South Dakota Board of Regents

2023 South Dakota Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Variety List Table 1. List of winter wheat varieties tested in 2022-23 along with origin, agronomic, and grain quality characteristics.

Variety AP 18AX AP Bigfoot AP Clair Byrd CL Plus CP7017AX CP7220 CP7266AX CP7869 CP7909 Crescent AX Draper Expedition Ideal Kivari AX LCS Chrome LCS Helix AX LCS Runner LCS Steel AX MS Maverick MS Sundown Redfield SD Andes SD Midland SY Wolf SY Wolverine WB4309 WB4422 WB4510CLP Winner Trial Average

Testing and Origin Years Origin†tested in Year SD trials 4 AP-18 3 AP-20 3 AP-18 2 PG-18 4 CP-20 new CP-22 2 CP-22 3 CP-17 4 CP-18 4 PG-18 5+ SD-19 5+ SD-02 5+ SD-11 2 PG-20 3 LCS-15 4 LCS-19 new LCS-21 3 LCS-21 2 MS-20 new MS-22 5+ SD-13 5+ SD-20 5+ SD-21 5+ AP-11 5+ AP-19 4 WB-19 2 WB-22 2 WB-20 5+ SD-19 -

Agronomic Characteristics Relative 2023 Height Winter Heading Lodging (inches) Hrd.¶ (days) ‡ Score§ 0 24 1.4 A 0 23 1.3 A 4 23 1.0 G 3 26 1.8 (G-E) 1 24 1.6 A 1 26 1.6 (G) 1 24 1.8 (NR) 1 25 2.2 A -1 24 2.5 G -1 25 2.3 A G-E 2 25 1.4 0 25 2.0 G 5 26 1.3 G-E 1 25 3.1 (E) 2 26 1.2 G 0 25 1.7 G 1 25 1.6 (G) 2 26 1.2 A 3 26 1.9 (NR) 0 26 2.0 (NR) 4 26 1.5 A 6 26 1.1 E 4 27 1.1 E 2 24 1.2 (G) -1 23 1.3 G-E 0 24 1.5 G-E 2 25 1.0 (E) 4 28 1.0 (E) 1 26 1.6 G-E 25 1.6 -

Grain Quality§ 2023 2023 Baking Test Wt. Protein Quality (lb/bu)# (%)# †† 58.8 13.6 (A)‡‡ 59.2 13.4 (A) 59.1 13.6 (G) 59.5 12.9 (G) 59.3 12.9 (NR) 60.9 13.9 (G) 59.4 13.4 (NR) 59.7 13.2 (NR) 59.7 13.0 (NR) 59.3 13.3 (G) 59.6 13.6 G 59.7 13.9 G 60.2 13.2 A 59.8 12.4 (G) 60.1 14.0 (G) 60.2 13.2 (E) 60.9 12.9 (A) 60.2 12.8 (NR) 60.0 13.7 (NR) 59.7 13.1 (NR) 59.8 13.6 G 60.8 13.1 A 60.5 12.9 E 58.7 13.8 A 59.5 13.3 (G) 58.2 13.6 (E) 60.2 14.1 (G) 62.0 12.9 (A) 60.0 13.4 G 59.8 13.3 -

† AP - AgriPro; CP - Croplan by Winfield; LCS - Limagrain Cereal Seeds; MS - Meridian Seeds; PG - PlainsGold; SD - South Dakota; WB - WestBred; and – (Year of Release). ‡ Relative heading compared to Expedition (152 days Julian or June 1) in 2023. § Lodging score: 1, perfectly standing; to 5, completely flat. ¶ Winter hardiness: E - excellent; G - good; F - fair; P - poor, NR - not reported. # Test weight (lbs/bu) and protein (%) as averaged from all SD testing sites. †† Baking quality: E, excellent; G, good; A, acceptable; P, Poor. Note: SDSU does not perform baking quality analysis. ‡‡ Parenthesis designate estimated ratings (X), based on information provided by entity that submitted the variety.

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 25

2023 South Dakota Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Disease Rating Table 2. Winter wheat variety disease ratings.

Disease Ratings† Variety AP 18AX AP Bigfoot AP Clair Byrd CL Plus CP7017AX CP7220 CP7266AX CP7869 CP7909 Crescent AX Draper Expedition Ideal Kivari AX LCS Chrome LCS Helix AX LCS Runner LCS Steel AX MS Maverick MS Sundown Redfield SD Andes SD Midland SY Wolf SY Wolverine WB4309 WB4422 WB4510CLP Winner

Stripe Rust

Stem Rust

Leaf Rust

WSMV§

Tan Spot

2 (3)‡‡ (2) (7) (5) (5) (3) (3) (1) (4) 5 7 8 (8) (1) (2) (4) (7) (1) (2) 5 1 1 (4) (6) (4) (8) (2) 5

(NR)‡ (2) (S) (8) (R) (NR) (NR) (R) (MS) (NR) MR-MS R MR (8) (NR) (1) (2) (9) (5) (3) MR (NR) (7) (2) (2) (MR-MS) (6) (NR) MR

7 7 7 8 6 8 6 6 7 7 7 6 4 8 7 7 (3) 7 6 (1) 6 8 8 (2) 7 8 6 NR NR

(4) (4) (NR) (3) (NR) (NR) (NR) (NR) (NR) (2) (NR) S S (3) (NR) (1) (5) (NR) (NR) (NR) S (NR) (6) (4) (4) (MS) (6) (6) (NR)

5 4 5 6 5 4 3 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 3 4 3 4 5 5 4 6

Bacterial Leaf Streak 6 7 6 7 5 4 5 3 8 7 8 5 3 4 4 6 6 6 4 6 7 4 4 6 8 8 6 5 6

FHB¶ (Scab) 8 7 8 8 8 4 5 7 5 6 5 4 8 6 6 4 5 8 8 5 8 5 6 6 8 7 8 8 4

† Disease ratings: R, resistant; MR, moderately resistant; MS, moderately susceptible; S, susceptible; or 1, most resistant to 9, most susceptible. Note: SDSU does not perform nursery screenings for all listed pathogens in each growing season. § Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus; ¶ Fusarium Head Blight ‡ Parenthesis denote estimated rankings (X) provided by the program that submitted the variety, NR - not reported.

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

Page 26 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

2023 South Dakota Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Eastern Summary Table 3. 2021-2023 winter wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in eastern South Dakota.

Varieties ranking in the top 1/3 of each trial category are bolded and shaded light blue.

Variety SD Andes SD Midland LCS Steel AX Winner WB4309 AP Clair Ideal SY Wolverine CP7017AX Redfield Draper CP7869 CP7909 LCS Helix AX AP Bigfoot AP 18AX Crescent AX LCS Chrome Expedition WB4422 Byrd CL Plus MS Maverick WB4510CLP Kivari AX CP7266AX CP7220 LCS Runner SY Wolf MS Sundown Trial Average# LSD(0.05)† C.V.%‡

2021 Yield (bu/a) 71.8 72.3 68.4 69.7 71.0 71.4 71.4 69.0 66.8 67.9 66.9 67.5 64.7 65.6 66.9 64.0 60.8 61.4 59.5 67.5 2.9 7.0

2022 Yield (bu/a) 61.4 62.4 59.8 60.8 59.5 60.9 59.4 60.6 63.0 58.8 60.6 60.0 59.4 60.7 61.3 58.4 58.6 55.0 57.4 63.9 59.2 57.3 54.8 55.2 54.5 59.8 1.8 4.6

Yield (bu/a) 71.8 68.2 73.9 69.0 67.6 64.5 63.0 64.7 63.8 67.1 65.1 62.8 65.9 62.1 58.1 61.8 60.9 60.9 56.5 68.2 67.5 66.6 69.8 65.9 63.2 68.2 64.6 63.9 61.0 66 4 7.6

2023 Test Wt Protein (lbs) % 60.4 13.3 58.8 13.2 59.7 13.3 58.6 13.8 57.1 14.1 58.3 13.9 58.6 13.4 58.4 13.6 57.8 13.1 59.2 13.5 58.4 13.7 57.7 13.5 58.4 13.3 59.2 13.2 57.8 13.7 57.2 14.0 57.9 13.6 58.7 14.3 58.3 14.1 59.5 14.4 59.3 13.1 59.2 13.7 60.7 13.0 58.6 12.9 58.2 13.9 60.5 13.9 59.4 13.3 58.1 14.0 58.5 13.1 58.9 13.7 1.1 0.3 -

Yield (bu/a) 65.3 64.6 65.1 63.9 62.6 62.2 60.7 62.1 63.3 61.9 62.3 61.0 61.8 61.2 60.1 59.7 59.4 57.2 57.1 65.5 62.3 60.8 60.4 59.2 57.8 62.1 1.9 6.1

2-year Test Wt Protein (lbs) % 59.2 13.4 58.7 13.5 58.4 13.1 58.2 13.8 57.5 13.8 58.3 13.9 58.6 13.8 58.1 13.6 57.6 13.0 58.3 14.1 57.7 13.8 58.0 13.3 58.9 13.3 58.6 13.2 57.7 13.6 57.1 13.8 58.2 13.5 58.1 14.5 58.3 14.4 59.1 14.3 57.7 13.2 58.1 13.9 58.9 13.4 57.2 12.7 57.7 13.7 58.4 13.7 0.5 0.2 -

Yield (bu/a) 67.8 67.6 66.4 66.1 65.8 65.8 64.8 64.8 64.7 64.2 64.0 63.5 62.9 62.9 62.7 61.3 59.9 58.8 58.0 64.2 1.6 6.5

3-year Test Wt Protein (lbs) % 60.1 13.1 59.5 13.2 58.8 12.7 59.2 13.4 58.6 13.5 59.1 13.6 59.8 13.4 59.0 13.4 58.6 12.7 59.2 13.9 58.8 13.6 58.9 12.9 59.7 13.1 59.7 12.9 58.8 13.4 58.2 13.5 59.2 13.4 59.0 14.2 59.4 14.1 59.3 13.4 0.3 0.2 -

# Trial averages may include values from experimental lines that are not reported. † Value required (≥LSD) to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another. ‡ C.V. is a measure of variability or experimental error, 15% or less is considered acceptable.

Note: Eastern trial sites include Brookings, Mt. Vernon, Platte, and South Shore.

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 27

Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Central Summary 2023 South Dakota Winter2-year Wheat Variety Trial Results 2023 3-year Summary Test Wt Protein Yield Test Wt Protein Central Yield Test Wt Protein

Table 4. 2021-2023 winter wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in central South Dakota.

Varieties ranking in the top 1/3 of each trial category are bolded and shaded light blue.

2021 2022 Yield Yield Yield (bu/a) (bu/a) (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % SY Wolverine 76.3 71.3 54.6 60.1 13.2 64.6 59.8 13.7 68.5 60.0 13.8 Table 4. 2021-2023 winter wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in central South Dakota.

SD Andes 71.8top 1/3 70.4 61.7 are bolded 13.5 and65.2 60.7blue. 13.7 67.4 60.9 13.8 Varieties ranking in the of each 57.3 trial category shaded light WB4309 73.4 69.4 54.5 59.4 13.4 63.5 58.8 13.9 66.8 59.0 14.0 2021 2022 2023 2-year 3-year LCS Steel AX 72.7 68.7 56.3 60.6 13.3 63.8 59.4 13.2 66.8 59.5 13.2 Variety Yield Yield Yield Test Yield Test Yield Test CP7017AX 71.5 71.4 53.2 60.1Wt Protein 13.4 64.1 59.5Wt Protein 13.2 66.6 59.5Wt Protein 13.2 (bu/a) (bu/a) (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % (bu/a) (lbs) % SD Midland 70.8 67.2 59.8 61.0 13.1 64.2 60.1 13.7 66.4 60.2 13.8 SY Wolverine 76.3 71.3 54.6 60.1 13.2 64.6 59.8 13.7 68.5 60.0 13.8 Draper 72.3 68.0 54.5 60.1 13.9 62.6 59.0 14.1 65.8 59.0 14.1 SD Andes 71.8 70.4 57.3 61.7 13.5 65.2 60.7 13.7 67.4 60.9 13.8 Winner 74.4 64.7 56.1 60.6 13.2 61.3 59.8 14.2 65.7 59.9 14.0 WB4309 73.4 69.4 54.5 59.4 13.4 63.5 58.8 13.9 66.8 59.0 14.0 AP Clair 73.4 69.8 49.6 60.2 13.8 61.7 59.7 13.9 65.6 59.9 14.0 LCS Steel AX 72.7 68.7 56.3 60.6 13.3 63.8 59.4 13.2 66.8 59.5 13.2 Ideal 72.4 63.7 57.9 61.5 13.4 61.4 60.2 13.8 65.1 60.2 13.9 CP7017AX 71.5 71.4 53.2 60.1 13.4 64.1 59.5 13.2 66.6 59.5 13.2 AP Bigfoot 72.8 68.3 50.1 59.9 13.7 61.0 59.2 13.8 64.9 59.3 13.9 SD Midland 70.8 67.2 59.8 61.0 13.1 64.2 60.1 13.7 66.4 60.2 13.8 CP7909 69.3 69.0 51.0 60.0 13.2 61.8 59.3 13.4 64.3 59.3 13.5 Draper 72.3 68.0 54.5 60.1 13.9 62.6 59.0 14.1 65.8 59.0 14.1 AP 18AX 69.0 66.5 53.0 59.6 13.8 61.1 59.1 13.6 63.7 59.1 13.7 Winner 74.4 64.7 56.1 60.6 13.2 61.3 59.8 14.2 65.7 59.9 14.0 LCS Helix AX 66.5 69.5 51.5 60.8 13.4 62.3 60.4 13.5 63.7 60.8 13.5 AP Clair 73.4 69.8 49.6 60.2 13.8 61.7 59.7 13.9 65.6 59.9 14.0 Redfield 64.1 66.4 55.6 61.2 14.1 62.1 59.4 14.4 62.8 59.7 14.5 Ideal 72.4 63.7 57.9 61.5 13.4 61.4 60.2 13.8 65.1 60.2 13.9 LCS Chrome 67.0 64.2 54.5 61.1 14.2 60.3 59.3 14.6 62.5 59.6 14.6 AP Bigfoot 72.8 68.3 50.1 59.9 13.7 61.0 59.2 13.8 64.9 59.3 13.9 CP7869 67.2 64.0 53.3 60.6 13.4 59.8 59.7 13.7 62.3 59.7 13.7 CP7909 69.3 69.0 51.0 60.0 13.2 61.8 59.3 13.4 64.3 59.3 13.5 Crescent AX 62.3 68.6 48.5 60.3 13.4 60.5 59.7 13.5 61.1 60.1 13.7 AP 18AX 69.0 66.5 53.0 59.6 13.8 61.1 59.1 13.6 63.7 59.1 13.7 Expedition 65.0 63.2 48.8 61.4 14.2 57.4 60.0 14.5 60.0 60.1 14.5 LCS Helix AX 66.5 69.5 51.5 60.8 13.4 62.3 60.4 13.5 63.7 60.8 13.5 WB4422 74.2 56.4 61.4 13.6 67.1 60.7 14.3 Redfield 64.1 66.4 55.6 61.2 14.1 62.1 59.4 14.4 62.8 59.7 14.5 MS Maverick 64.8 57.1 61.2 13.7 61.7 59.6 14.1 LCS Chrome 67.0 64.2 54.5 61.1 14.2 60.3 59.3 14.6 62.5 59.6 14.6 Byrd CL Plus 66.6 53.4 60.3 13.3 61.3 58.8 13.3 CP7869 67.2 64.0 53.3 60.6 13.4 59.8 59.7 13.7 62.3 59.7 13.7 Kivari AX 65.5 53.7 61.0 12.9 60.8 59.4 12.6 Crescent AX 62.3 68.6 48.5 60.3 13.4 60.5 59.7 13.5 61.1 60.1 13.7 CP7266AX 62.7 50.0 60.3 13.7 57.6 59.1 13.5 Expedition 65.0 63.2 48.8 61.4 14.2 57.4 60.0 14.5 60.0 60.1 14.5 WB4510CLP 58.6 55.0 63.0 13.1 57.1 61.0 13.9 WB4422 74.2 56.4 61.4 13.6 67.1 60.7 14.3 CP7220 54.9 61.7 14.0 MS Maverick 64.8 57.1 61.2 13.7 61.7 59.6 14.1 MS Sundown 52.2 60.1 13.4 Byrd CL Plus 66.6 53.4 60.3 13.3 61.3 58.8 13.3 SY Wolf 51.9 60.8 13.6 Kivari AX 65.5 53.7 61.0 12.9 60.8 59.4 12.6 LCS Runner 51.3 61.6 13.2 CP7266AX 62.7 50.0 60.3 13.7 57.6 59.1 13.5 Trial Average# 70.4 67.1 54.1 60.9 13.6 61.9 59.8 13.8 65.0 59.9 13.9 WB4510CLP 58.6 55.0 63.0 13.1 57.1 61.0 13.9 LSD(0.05)† 3.4 2.8 3.6 0.5 0.3 2.2 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.3 0.2 CP7220 54.9 61.7 14.0 C.V.%‡ 7.8 7.5 9.6 8.3 8.1 MS Sundown 52.2 60.1 13.4 # Trial averages may include values from experimental lines that are not reported.

SY Wolf 51.9 60.8 13.6 † Value required (≥LSD) to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another.

LCS Runner 51.3 61.6 13.2 ‡ C.V. is a measure of variability or experimental error, 15% or less is considered acceptable.

Note: Central trial sites include Hayes, Pierre, Selby, and Winner.

Trial Average# 70.4 67.1 Onida, 54.1 60.9 Vivian, 13.6 61.9 59.8 13.8 65.0 59.9 13.9 LSD(0.05)† 3.4 2.8 3.6 0.5 0.3 2.2 0.4 0.2 1.9 0.3 0.2 C.V.%‡ 7.8 7.5 9.6 8.3 8.1 Variety

# Trial averages may include values from experimental lines that are not reported. † Value required (≥LSD) to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another. ‡ C.V. is a measure of variability or experimental error, 15% or less is considered acceptable.

Note: Central trial sites include Hayes, Onida, Pierre, Selby, Vivian, and Winner.

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

Page 28 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

2023 South Dakota Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results Western Summary Table 5. 2021-2023 winter wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in western South Dakota.

Varieties ranking in the top 1/3 of each trial category are bolded and shaded light blue.

Variety SD Andes SD Midland Winner Draper LCS Steel AX Redfield SY Wolverine CP7909 LCS Helix AX Ideal CP7869 WB4309 LCS Chrome CP7017AX AP 18AX AP Bigfoot AP Clair Expedition Crescent AX Kivari AX MS Maverick WB4422 Byrd CL Plus WB4510CLP CP7266AX CP7220 LCS Runner MS Sundown SY Wolf Trial Average# LSD(0.05)† C.V.%‡

2021 Yield (bu/a) 66.5 67.2 66.6 63.2 61.8 64.5 61.5 67.1 64.8 59.1 59.6 66.1 60.8 54.1 58.6 58.7 62.9 57.7 61.2 62.0 4.7 9.5

2022 Yield (bu/a) 45.8 44.7 43.5 46.5 42.5 44.1 44.4 44.2 41.6 44.7 41.9 40.6 42.2 45.7 43.5 39.3 41.9 41.0 38.3 49.2 45.9 44.6 46.0 39.2 40.3 43.2 3.7 12.2

Yield (bu/a) 84.6 72.6 74.3 71.9 76.2 68.9 69.1 60.1 67.9 68.1 72.7 64.8 68.7 65.1 57.5 62.5 46.9 56.0 56.2 72.7 70.0 71.6 68.1 80.5 60.8 71.6 63.7 56.7 51.7 67.1 6.1 9.2

2023 Test Wt Protein (lbs) % 58.0 13.2 57.5 13.3 58.0 14.1 57.3 14.3 58.0 12.7 56.6 14.2 58.0 14.2 57.1 13.1 58.7 13.7 57.1 13.9 57.9 13.5 56.3 14.3 57.7 14.4 58.0 13.3 56.4 14.1 58.0 13.8 55.9 14.0 57.1 14.4 57.9 14.2 57.8 12.5 56.6 14.8 57.7 15.2 56.8 13.0 59.5 13.3 56.8 13.5 58.5 14.4 58.8 13.2 57.4 13.9 55.6 14.6 57.4 14.0 1.0 0.4 -

Yield (bu/a) 58.8 54.0 53.8 55.0 53.7 52.3 52.6 49.5 50.4 52.5 52.2 48.7 51.0 52.2 48.2 47.0 43.6 46.0 44.2 57.0 53.9 53.6 53.4 53.0 47.1 51.4 3.1 10.7

2-year Test Wt Protein (lbs) % 58.4 13.6 57.9 13.7 58.1 14.1 57.6 14.2 57.2 13.6 57.4 14.4 58.4 14.0 58.2 13.9 58.4 13.8 58.5 14.0 58.0 13.9 57.2 14.4 58.3 14.5 58.5 13.5 56.8 13.9 58.7 14.3 57.6 14.2 57.9 14.4 57.9 14.1 57.7 12.8 58.0 14.3 58.7 14.8 57.3 13.4 59.3 14.0 57.4 13.9 58.0 14.0 0.6 0.3 -

Yield (bu/a) 61.3 58.4 58.0 57.7 56.4 56.4 55.6 55.4 55.2 54.7 54.7 54.5 54.3 52.8 51.6 50.9 50.0 49.9 49.9 54.7 2.5 10.2

3-year Test Wt Protein (lbs) % 58.9 13.2 58.1 13.4 58.1 13.6 57.8 14.0 57.4 13.2 57.7 14.2 58.2 13.8 58.1 13.7 58.5 13.4 58.1 13.9 57.6 14.0 57.5 14.0 58.4 14.2 57.7 13.6 56.7 13.8 58.4 14.0 57.6 14.1 58.0 14.3 58.1 13.8 57.9 13.8 0.5 0.4 -

# Trial averages may include values from experimental lines that are not reported. † Value required (≥LSD) to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another. ‡ C.V. is a measure of variability or experimental error, 15% or less is considered acceptable.

Note: Western trial sites include Faith/Lantry, Sturgis, and Wall.

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 29

South Dakota State University Extension South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station at SDSU

2023 South Dakota Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results Regional Summaries Jonathan Kleinjan | SDSU Extension Agronomist Christopher Graham | SDSU Extension Agronomist Karl Glover | SDSU Spring Wheat Breeder Kevin Kirby | Agricultural Research Manager Shawn Hawks | Agricultural Research Manager Bruce Swan | Agricultural Research Manager Christopher Nelson | Agricultural Research Assistant Travis Iverson | Senior Research Technician

Eastern trial locations:

Claire City, Frankfort, South Shore, Volga

Central trial locations:

Gettysburg, Miller, Northville, Selby

Western trial locations:

Sturgis, Wall Individual trial location results can be accessed online at: https://extension.sdstate.edu/spring-wheat-variety-trial-results

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the nondiscrimination policies of South Dakota State University, the South Dakota Board of Regents and the United States Department of Agriculture.

Learn more at extension.sdstate.edu.

S-0002-04

Page 30 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

© 2023, South Dakota Board of Regents

Table 1. List of spring wheat varieties tested in 2023 along with origin, agronomic, and grain quality characteristics.

Testing and Origin Variety AP Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock AP Revolution AP Venom Ascend-SD Brawn-SD CAG Justify CAG Reckless CAG Recoil CP3099A CP3188 Driver LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Hammer AX LCS Trigger MN-Rothsay MN-Torgy MS Charger MS Cobra ND Heron PFS Buns Prevail Surpass SY Valda WB9590 WB9606 WB9719 Trial Averages

Years tested in SD trials 3 5+ 3 new 4 3 2 2 new 4 new* 5+ 2 2 4 5+ 2 2 5+ 4 new* 2 3 new new* 5+ 5+ 5+ new* 4 5+ -

Agronomic Characteristics

Grain Quality

Origin†Year

Relative Heading‡ (days)

Height (inches)

Lodging Score§

Test Wt. (lb/bu)

Protein (%)

AP-21 AP-19 AP-22 AP-20 SD-21 SD-22 CAG-21 CAG-21 CAG-24 WF-20 WF-20 SD-19 LCS-21 LCS-23 LCS-20 LCS-18 LCS-21 LCS-22 LCS-15 MN-21 MN-20 MS-23 MS-22 ND-21 PFS-21 SD-13 SD-15 AP-15 WB-17 WB-20 WB-18 -

3 3 1 9 4 3 6 3 8 9 5 4 1 1 7 1 2 4 8 7 6 2 3 0 12 2 0 2 2 4 5 -

24 23 23 22 25 24 25 25 23 27 25 26 25 23 25 23 25 23 25 23 24 24 24 26 25 25 25 24 21 25 24 25

1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.1 1.8 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.7 1.2 1.5 1.6 1.5 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.5

58.3 58.1 59.3 55.4 58.8 60.1 56.8 58.7 56.8 56.8 57.4 58.8 58.9 59.9 56.7 60.2 58.7 57.7 58.7 58.5 59.0 58.5 58.5 59.2 54.9 58.2 58.3 58.4 58.1 58.8 59.1 58.3

16.2 15.6 15.7 15.4 15.5 14.7 15.0 15.4 15.1 13.9 14.4 15.1 15.2 15.8 13.8 15.6 14.9 15.3 14.0 15.1 15.2 14.3 15.6 15.9 14.8 15.3 16.0 15.3 16.5 14.9 15.3 15.2

† AP, AgriPro; CAG, Champion Alliance Group; LCS, Limagrain Cereal Seeds; MN, Minnesota; MS, Meridian Seeds; ND, North Dakota; PFS, Peterson Farms Seed; SD,South Dakota, WI, Winfield; WB, WestBred; and – (Year of Release). ‡ Difference in days to heading compared to Surpass (2022 eastern and central locationss - Julian date 165 - June 14th). § Lodging score: 1, perfectly standing; to 5, completely flat (eastern and central locations).. ¶ Test weight and protein are statewide averages.

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 31

2023 South Dakota Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results Disease Ratings Table 2. Spring wheat variety disease ratings.

Disease Ratings† Variety

Stem Rust

2022 Leaf Rust

2022 Tan Spot

2022 Bacterial Leaf Streak

2022-2023 Fusarium Head Blight

AP Gunsmoke CL2

(MR)§

4

8

9

3

AP Murdock

(MR)

4

7

7

4

AP Revolution

(R)

4

4

6

2

AP Venom

-‡

(1)

(MR)

-

3

Ascend-SD

MR

2

7

4

3

Brawn-SD

MR

4

8

4

2

CAG Justify

(MS)

7

8

8

3

CAG Reckless

(R)

4

8

6

5

CAG Recoil

(R)

(R)

-

(MR)

3

CP3099A

(MR)

8

4

6

7

CP3188

(4)

(4)

-

(6)

9

Driver

MR

2

7

6

2

LCS Ascent

(R)

4

3

7

4

LCS Boom

-

6

(6)

5

4

LCS Buster

(R)

7

5

5

5

LCS Cannon

(R)

5

5

8

3

LCS Dual

(R)

3

6

7

7

LCS Hammer AX

-

8

7

8

9

LCS Trigger

(R)

5

3

4

3 6

MN-Rothsay

(R)

4

4

5

MN-Torgy

(MR)

(3)

(4)

(3)

2

MS Charger

(R)

5

5

7

2

MS Cobra

(R)

4

6

8

6

ND Heron

(MR)

(5)

(4)

(5)

3

PFS Buns

-

NR

-

(MS)

9

Prevail

MR

4

4

4

2

Surpass

MR

4

3

5

1

SY Valda

(R)

3

2

8

3

WB9590

-

(7)

(8)

(6)

7

WB9606

(MR)

7

3

7

6

WB9719

(R)

5

4

7

6

† Disease ratings: R, resistant; MR, moderately resistant; MS, moderately susceptible; S, susceptible; or 1, most resistant to 9, most susceptible. Note: SDSU does not perform nursery screenings for all listed pathogens in each growing season. ‡ A dash (-) signifies no rating provided/available. § Parenthesis denote estimated ratings/rankings (X) based on externally-provided information.

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Page 32 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

2023 South Dakota Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results Regional Summaries Table 3. 2023 spring wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in eastern South Dakota. Varieties ranking in the top 1/3 of each trial category are boldfaced and shaded light blue.

Variety

2021

2022

Yield (bu/a)

Yield (bu/a)

2023 Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

2-year Protein %

Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

LCS Trigger 59.9 49.1 58.1 59.3 13.8 54.2 57.8 Brawn-SD 57.5 51.9 54.5 60.8 14.5 53.4 60.0 LCS Buster 58.1 45.8 57.8 57.5 13.8 52.7 55.7 WB9606 58.4 42.8 57.0 59.7 14.8 50.9 58.5 Driver 56.6 47.8 53.3 59.8 15.2 50.9 59.0 Ascend-SD 54.5 51.1 52.4 59.3 15.3 51.8 58.7 CP3099A 58.5 41.8 55.1 57.0 13.3 49.4 55.5 SY Valda 54.1 45.8 56.3 59.0 15.1 51.8 58.1 WB9719 54.0 46.9 54.1 60.2 15.5 51.0 59.4 AP Gunsmoke CL2 53.8 43.8 52.2 58.7 16.5 48.6 57.2 LCS Cannon 51.0 44.8 51.7 60.8 15.7 48.7 59.9 MN-Rothsay 50.9 42.1 51.7 58.9 15.3 47.6 57.9 Prevail 49.3 45.2 49.7 58.6 15.4 47.8 58.1 MS Cobra 50.2 41.9 50.0 59.0 16.0 46.5 57.8 AP Murdock 47.8 43.8 50.7 58.6 15.8 47.8 57.7 AP Revolution 47.8 42.3 51.1 59.6 15.6 47.3 58.5 Surpass 47.7 42.6 49.1 59.3 16.2 46.3 58.1 CAG Justify 46.2 55.3 56.8 15.1 51.4 55.9 CAG Reckless 46.3 54.4 59.4 15.6 50.9 58.8 MS Charger 46.1 54.1 59.0 14.2 50.7 58.2 LCS Dual 44.2 55.0 59.5 14.8 50.3 58.3 LCS Ascent 45.6 52.3 59.8 15.2 49.4 58.9 LCS Boom 44.6 53.0 60.7 16.3 49.4 59.5 LCS Hammer AX 42.6 51.1 58.5 15.4 47.5 57.4 MN-Torgy 57.1 59.8 15.7 ND Heron 51.0 60.1 16.4 PFS Buns 49.7 54.3 15.4 CP3188 49.3 57.6 14.2 WB9590 49.0 58.4 16.8 CAG Recoil 48.9 56.7 15.5 AP Venom 46.5 56.1 15.7 Trial Average# 53.8 45.3 52.3 58.9 15.4 49.8 58.0 LSD(0.05)† 2.6 1.7 3.0 0.5 0.3 1.9 0.3 C.V.%‡ 6.9 4.7 8.4 7.2 # Trial averages may include values from experimental lines that are not reported. † Value required (≥LSD) to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another. ‡ C.V. is a measure of variability or experimental error, 15% or less is considered acceptable..

3-year Protein %

Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

Protein %

14.1 14.8 14.1 15.0 15.4 15.7 13.9 15.5 15.8 16.7 15.9 15.6 15.4 16.2 15.9 15.9 16.2 15.5 15.8 14.3 15.2 15.3 16.3 15.6 15.5 0.2 -

56.3 54.9 54.6 53.6 53.0 52.8 52.7 52.6 52.1 50.5 49.5 48.8 48.3 47.9 47.8 47.5 46.8 51.4 1.5 6.9

59.1 61.1 57.4 59.7 60.2 59.3 56.9 59.0 60.6 58.1 60.5 59.1 59.0 58.9 58.1 58.7 59.2 59.1 0.3 -

14.0 14.6 14.0 14.7 15.4 15.5 13.8 15.3 15.8 16.5 15.7 15.7 15.3 16.0 15.8 15.6 15.9 15.3 0.2 -

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 33

2023 South Dakota Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results Regional Summaries Table 4. 2023 spring wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in central South Dakota. Varieties ranking in the top 1/3 of each trial category are boldfaced and shaded light blue.

Variety

2021

2022

Yield (bu/a)

Yield (bu/a)

2023 Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

2-year Protein %

Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

LCS Trigger 44.3 64.4 73.7 59.8 12.7 69.0 60.2 LCS Buster 45.3 62.3 72.4 57.4 12.8 67.3 57.9 SY Valda 41.6 60.3 69.2 58.7 14.5 64.7 59.3 Brawn-SD 40.9 61.7 67.6 60.1 14.1 64.7 60.7 CP3099A 44.5 53.8 70.1 57.1 12.7 62.0 56.9 Driver 41.1 58.0 69.1 59.1 14.7 63.5 60.0 Ascend-SD 39.3 60.8 67.5 59.1 15.3 64.1 59.6 WB9606 39.8 58.4 68.4 58.7 14.2 63.4 59.3 AP Gunsmoke CL2 41.5 58.0 63.3 58.7 15.9 60.6 59.2 WB9719 39.1 55.4 67.8 59.6 14.8 61.6 60.1 LCS Cannon 39.1 58.7 62.7 60.3 15.4 60.7 60.5 MN-Rothsay 35.8 56.0 68.2 59.0 14.6 62.1 59.3 AP Revolution 36.4 58.6 61.6 59.3 15.8 60.1 59.6 MS Cobra 35.2 55.4 64.5 58.6 14.9 59.9 58.8 AP Murdock 33.5 57.7 60.7 58.0 15.0 59.2 58.7 Surpass 34.0 56.5 60.0 58.4 15.6 58.3 58.8 Prevail 32.0 56.0 59.9 58.4 15.3 57.9 59.0 MS Charger 62.7 66.7 58.6 13.5 64.7 58.8 CAG Justify 59.9 66.3 57.1 13.8 63.1 57.6 LCS Dual 57.8 65.6 59.0 14.4 61.7 59.3 LCS Ascent 58.3 64.8 59.0 14.9 61.5 59.5 CAG Reckless 58.5 63.5 59.0 15.1 61.0 59.7 LCS Hammer AX 55.4 64.8 57.9 15.1 60.1 58.4 LCS Boom 55.5 60.5 59.9 15.6 57.6 60.2 MN-Torgy 70.8 59.4 14.5 PFS Buns 70.4 56.3 13.2 CP3188 67.3 57.7 13.6 CAG Recoil 66.1 57.8 14.6 WB9590 61.0 57.9 16.5 ND Heron 60.4 59.1 15.9 AP Venom 55.1 55.3 14.6 Trial Average# 37.9 58.4 65.3 58.6 14.7 62.2 59.1 LSD(0.05)† 1.9 1.4 3.0 0.4 0.5 1.7 0.3 C.V.%‡ 6.9 3.4 6.6 5.8 # Trial averages may include values from experimental lines that are not reported. † Value required (≥LSD) to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another. ‡ C.V. is a measure of variability or experimental error, 15% or less is considered acceptable.

3-year Protein %

Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

Protein %

13.3 13.2 14.7 14.2 13.4 14.9 15.2 14.3 15.7 14.9 15.4 14.9 15.6 15.1 15.1 15.5 15.1 13.6 14.2 14.6 14.8 15.2 15.2 15.6 14.8 0.3 -

60.8 60.0 57.0 56.8 56.1 56.1 55.9 55.6 54.3 54.1 53.5 53.3 52.2 51.7 50.6 50.2 49.3 54.6 1.4 6.2

60.1 58.3 59.7 60.9 57.1 60.4 59.7 59.7 59.3 60.4 60.8 59.5 59.7 59.0 58.9 59.4 59.0 59.5 0.3 -

13.8 13.7 15.1 14.4 13.7 15.3 15.6 14.8 16.1 15.8 15.8 15.5 15.9 15.7 15.7 16.1 15.8 15.2 0.2 -

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Page 34 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

2023 South Dakota Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results Regional Summaries Table 5. 2023 spring wheat variety performance trial results for testing sites in western South Dakota. Varieties ranking in the top 1/3 of each trial category are boldfaced and shaded light blue.

Variety

2021

2022

Yield (bu/a)

Yield (bu/a)

2023 Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

2-year Protein %

Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

LCS Cannon 45.0 55.1 56.5 59.4 15.9 55.7 58.7 Brawn-SD 46.0 49.6 61.3 59.4 15.5 54.2 58.8 WB9606 41.3 55.2 58.2 58.1 15.8 56.4 57.0 LCS Trigger 42.6 51.2 61.2 57.1 15.4 55.2 56.4 Ascend-SD 41.3 52.0 61.6 58.1 15.8 55.8 57.7 SY Valda 41.1 51.8 60.5 57.5 16.1 55.3 56.7 LCS Buster 37.8 51.2 65.0 55.2 15.0 56.7 53.9 Prevail 42.3 48.1 62.0 57.6 15.2 53.6 57.1 MN-Rothsay 39.1 48.9 64.8 57.7 15.5 55.3 57.3 Surpass 41.1 50.8 57.3 57.4 16.3 53.4 56.6 AP Gunsmoke CL2 40.3 50.4 58.8 57.5 16.2 53.8 56.8 MS Cobra 40.3 47.9 62.3 58.1 15.9 53.6 57.6 Driver 39.4 47.9 58.9 57.4 15.5 52.3 57.4 AP Murdock 35.5 50.7 59.0 57.8 16.0 54.0 57.2 WB9719 37.2 52.6 51.3 57.6 15.6 52.1 57.7 AP Revolution 36.5 45.3 55.3 59.0 15.7 49.3 57.6 CP3099A 33.8 51.9 40.3 56.2 15.7 47.3 53.6 LCS Boom 52.1 65.4 59.0 15.5 57.4 58.5 MS Charger 50.5 64.6 58.0 15.3 56.1 57.1 LCS Ascent 52.3 57.0 58.0 15.3 54.2 57.8 CAG Justify 53.0 55.9 56.5 16.0 54.2 55.4 CAG Reckless 50.5 58.0 57.7 15.4 53.5 57.8 LCS Hammer AX 51.2 54.4 56.8 15.3 52.5 56.4 LCS Dual 49.9 50.4 57.7 15.4 50.1 57.3 MN-Torgy 64.3 57.8 15.3 CAG Recoil 63.9 55.8 15.3 ND Heron 63.3 58.5 15.4 AP Venom 58.5 54.8 16.0 PFS Buns 56.1 54.2 15.8 CP3188 53.9 57.0 15.5 WB9590 52.4 57.8 16.2 Trial Average# 40.3 50.6 57.1 57.5 15.7 53.5 56.9 LSD(0.05)† 3.2 3.9 5.3 1.0 0.9 3.1 0.6 C.V.%‡ 9.7 9.6 9.6 9.2 # Trial averages may include values from experimental lines that are not reported. † Value required (≥LSD) to determine if varieties are significantly different from one another. ‡ C.V. is a measure of variability or experimental error, 15% or less is considered acceptable.

3-year Protein %

Yield (bu/a)

Test Wt (lbs)

Protein %

15.0 14.7 14.6 14.6 15.4 15.2 14.2 14.7 15.0 15.2 15.7 15.2 14.8 15.4 14.9 15.2 14.7 14.9 14.2 14.7 15.2 14.8 14.6 14.5 15.0 0.4 -

51.7 51.1 50.7 50.5 50.4 50.0 49.6 49.4 49.2 48.8 48.7 48.6 47.4 47.1 46.5 44.5 42.2 48.5 2.2 9.4

59.4 60.0 58.2 57.7 58.8 57.9 55.7 57.8 58.4 57.4 57.7 57.9 58.0 57.4 58.4 57.2 55.1 57.8 0.9 -

15.6 15.3 15.3 15.3 16.0 15.8 15.1 15.4 15.8 15.9 16.4 15.9 15.4 16.1 15.5 15.8 15.4 15.6 0.4 -

SDSU Extension is an equal opportunity provider and employer in accordance with the non discrimination policies of South Dakota State University, South Dakota Board of Regents and United States Department of Agriculture. © 2023

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North Dakota Hard Red Winter Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2023 and Selection Guide Clair Keene, Francois Marais, Andrew Friskop, Zhaohui Liu, and Shaobin Zhong (NDSU Main Station); Leo Bortolon (North Central Research Extension Center, Minot); Glen Martin (Dickinson Research Extension Center); John Rickertsen (Hettinger Research Extension Center); Kristin Simons (Carrington Research Extension Center); Gautam Pradhan (Williston Research Extension Center); Bryan Hanson (Langdon Research Extension Center) During the 2022-23 growing season, 150,000 acres of winter wheat were planted and 130,000 acres were harvested. Winter wheat yield in North Dakota was estimated at 53 bushels per acre (bu/a) statewide, compared to last year’s yield of 58 bu/a. Higher winter wheat yields ranging from 60-90 bu/a were reported from many areas across the state despite the dry fall of 2022. Deep snow cover that lasted winterlong across most growing regions contributed to spring moisture that benefitted the winter wheat crop and resulted in locally high yields.

Ideal continued to hold on to the top spot in the winter wheat variety survey, reported as occupying 16% of acres planted. The NDSU Release ND Noreen increased in acres to occupy the number two spot at 10% of acres.

WestBred variety Keldin was third

at 8% and WB Matlock was fourth at 7%. Jerry fell to fifth place at 2% of acres planted. More than half of the acres surveyed did not report which varieties were planted.

Characteristics of hard red winter wheat varieties adapted for production in North Dakota are described in Table 1. Information on the agronomic and quality performance of selected varieties is summarized in subsequent tables. Yields are expressed on a 13.5% moisture basis and protein on a 12% basis, which are the industry standards.

Successful winter wheat production depends on numerous production practices, including selecting the right variety for a particular area.

The information included in this publication is meant to help growers choose that variety or group of varieties. Characteristics to consider when selecting a variety are winter hardiness, yield potential in your area, test weight, protein content when grown with proper fertility, straw strength, plant height, reaction to important diseases and maturity.

The recommended seeding dates for winter wheat are Sept. 1-15 north of North Dakota Highway 200 and Sept. 15-30 in southern regions.

Planting after the recommended dates reduces winter survival and grain yield. Planting prior to the recommended date may deplete soil

Page 38 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

moisture reserves unnecessarily.

It also increases the risk of wheat streak mosaic virus and may reduce winter survival.

Winter wheat should be seeded at a rate of 1 million to 1.2 million pure live seeds per acre. The higher seeding rates of this recommended range should be used for late seeding or with poor seedbed conditions.

Producers should consider only the most winter-hardy varieties available when growing winter wheat in North Dakota. Relative ratings for winter hardiness are found in Table 1.

Phosphorus aids winter survival by stimulating root growth and fall tillering. The secondary root system that develops during tillering is essential for a healthy, deep-rooted plant capable of withstanding stress.

If winter wheat is planted on bare soil or following fallow, an application of phosphorus is recommended if soil phosphorous levels are low.

While important, the contribution of phosphorus to winter survival is secondary to varietal hardiness.

Data from several years and locations should be used when selecting varieties. The idea that data from a single location nearest your farm will indicate which variety will perform the best for you next year is incorrect. You should select varieties that, on average, perform the best at multiple trial locations near your farm across several years.

Table 2. Yield of winter wheat varieties grown at five locations in North Dakota in 2023, with three-year averages (2021-23).

Table 3. Test weight of winter wheat varieties grown at five locations in North Dakota in 2023.

Table 4. Grain protein content at 12% grain moisture content of winter wheat varieties grown at six locations in North Dakota in 2023.

Table 5. Analytical milling and baking characteristics of selected varieties evaluated at Casselton, North Dakota in 2022.

Table 1. 2023 North Dakota hard red winter wheat variety description and agronomic traits.

Reaction to Disease1 Agent or

Stripe

Leaf

Stem

Tan

Days to

Straw

Height5

Winter6

Variety

Origin2

Year

Rust

Rust

Rust

Scab

Spot

Heading3

Strength4

(inches)

Hardiness

AAC Goldrush

AAFC

2021

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

2

3

26

3

AAC Vortex

AAFC

2021

NA

NA

NA

4

8

2

2

25

2

AAC Wildfire

AAFC

2015

1

5

8

4

6

3

3

26

2

AC Emerson

Meridian

2011

1

6

1

3

5

1

2

26

3

AP Bigfoot

Agripro

2020

NA

7

NA

6

2

-3

4

21

6

ND

2001

8

3

1

8

8

0

5

30

3

Jerry Keldin

WB

2011

2

3

3

5

6

1

4

28

6

MS Maverick

Meridian

2020

2

6

5

8

4

-1

4

23

5

MS Sundown

Meridian

2022

3

NA

NA

5

NA

-3

6

23

4

ND Noreen

ND

2020

3

3

1

3

4

1

4

28

3

Northern

MT

2015

1

8

1

8

6

2

4

24

4

SD Andes

SD

2020

2

8

NA

5

6

0

2

25

2

SD Midland

SD

2021

1

8

7

6

8

0

4

26

3

SY Monument

Agripro

2014

3

3

1

8

8

-2

4

23

4

SY Wolverine

Agripro

2018

6

7

1

8

3

-4

5

21

5

WB

2019

4

6

4

7

4

-2

6

22

5

5

23

4

WB 4309 Winner

SD 2019 5 NA 3 4 8 -2 1 Disease reaction scores from 1-9, with 1 = resistant and 9 = very susceptible, NA = not available.

2 MT = Montana State University; ND = North Dakota State University; SD = South Dakota State University; TCG = Twenty-first Century Genetics; WB = WestBred; AAFC = Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada.

3 Days to heading relative to Jerry.

4 Straw strength: 1 = strongest, 9 = weakest. Based on field observations from limited sites.

5

Based on the average of several environments, and should be used for comparing varieties. The environment can impact the height of varieties.

Relative winter hardiness rating: 1 = excellent, 10 = no survival. These values are subject to change as additional information becomes available.

Bold varieties are those recently released or the first time tested, so data are limited and rating values may change.

6

. s ic t e n e g t s e b day’s o t f o e lu a v e h t eed. ture

S d e fi i t r e C a t o k a D h t r o N t n a l P

Cap

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 39

Table 4. Grain protein content at 12% grain moisture content of winter wheat varieties grown at six locations in North Dakota in 2023.

Variety

Carrington

Langdon

Hettinger

Minot

Williston

Average

……………………………...………….(%)………….…………………………………….

AAC Goldrush

12.7

13.4

13.4

13.5

13.5

13.3

AAC Vortex

13.8

14.0

14.0

12.9

13.8

13.7

AAC Wildfire

12.4

12.4

13.2

13.3

12.4

12.7

AC Emerson

13.8

14.4

14.8

14.2

14.7

14.4

AP Bigfoot

13.2

13.5

13.5

13.6

12.9

13.3

Jerry

12.9

13.3

14.1

13.6

13.2

13.4

Keldin

12.4

12.9

13.0

13.4

12.1

12.7

MS Maverick

13.0

13.9

14.5

13.6

12.9

13.6

MS Sundown

13.4

13.2

13.5

13.0

12.8

13.2

ND Noreen

13.9

14.1

14.7

14.0

13.7

14.1

Northern

12.9

13.6

13.9

13.5

13.1

13.4

SD Andes

12.1

12.9

13.0

12.6

12.6

12.6

SD Midland

12.1

12.5

13.0

12.7

12.5

12.6

SY Monument

12.5

12.6

13.5

13

12.7

12.9

SY Wolverine

13.4

14.2

14.2

13.9

13.3

13.8

WB4309

13.2

14.2

14.5

13.6

12.9

13.7

Winner

12.9

13.2

13.5

13.3

12.4

13.1

Mean

13.0

13.3

13.8

13.3

13.0

13.3

CV (%)

3.3

1.9

2.9

3.7

2.1

--

LSD 0.05

6.4

0.4

0.6

0.9

0.6

--

LSD 0.10

5.4

0.3

0.5

0.7

0.5

--

Table 5. Analytical milling and baking characteristics of selected varieties evaluated at Casselton, North Dakota in 2022.

Variety

Test Weight1

Kernel Whole 1,000 Wheat Protein Kernel 12 MB3 Weight2

Flour

Falling Number4

Flour Protein 14 MB

Flour Ash 14 MB

Farinograph

Milling Extraction5

Wet Gluten

Gluten Index

6

Abs

Peak Time

Stability

Loaf

7

Mixing Tolerance Index

Loaf Volume8

Crumb Color (1-10)9

(lb/bu)

(gram)

(%)

(seconds)

(%)

(%)

(%)

(%)

(%)

(min)

(min)

(BU)

(cc)

AAC Vortex

59.8

33.3

13.0

405

11.9

0.6

73.4

28

100

56.0

7.2

14.8

23

940

8

AAC-Wildfire

59.1

31.0

13.1

414

12.0

0.6

73.0

30

95

57.8

5.5

7.9

40

930

7

AC Emerson

59.7

27.9

13.4

406

12.0

0.5

71.7

28

100

54.6

7.6

17.4

22

950

8

AP Bigfoot

57.7

27.5

12.3

398

11.0

0.5

70.6

26

96

54.4

8.5

14.3

29

950

8

Draper

59.8

30.4

12.6

411

11.5

0.6

73.7

32

81

57.2

4.1

4.9

58

935

8

Jerry

59.4

34.0

11.7

418

10.7

0.5

72.0

26

99

57.1

4.7

7.7

37

950

8

Keldin

59.1

35.5

12.9

441

11.7

0.6

70.7

28

99

58.2

3.7

12.7

20

900

8

MS Iceman

60.1

27.8

14.5

429

13.1

0.5

70.0

35

83

58.1

5.7

8.3

41

975

9

MS Maverick

60.2

36.2

12.9

465

11.7

0.5

69.1

30

96

57.9

6.6

13.1

22

960

8

ND Noreen

61.1

35.6

11.6

418

10.6

0.5

71.5

29

82

55.1

4.0

6.2

51

940

8

Northern

58.9

32.3

12.0

474

11.2

0.6

73.2

27

96

59.4

4.9

6.1

50

930

7

Ray

59.0

36.8

12.4

472

11.2

0.6

71.4

24

100

58.3

2.7

7.4

35

955

9

SD Andes

61.2

33.8

12.3

427

11.2

0.6

74.3

30

85

56.2

5.1

5.6

50

915

8

SD Midland

60.8

40.3

11.8

428

11.0

0.6

72.8

28

98

56.9

5.2

8.2

45

940

9

SY Monument

56.8

29.2

12.4

414

11.1

0.5

71.4

25

99

56.9

3.2

10.7

26

925

7

SY Wolverine

58.2

29.2

13.3

413

12.0

0.6

70.2

30

95

57.4

7.0

16.7

12

935

7

WB4309

57.7

28.6

13.5

454

12.0

0.5

70.1

29

98

57.8

6.3

13.4

23

965

8

Winner

60.0

36.6

12.1

432

10.9

0.6

70.0

28

93

57.5

5.2

7.8

43

900

8

Mean

59.4

32.6

12.7

429

11.5

0.5

71.6

28

94

57.0

5.4

10.2

35

939

7.7

1

Test weight - Expressed in pounds (lbs) per bushel. A high test weight is desirable. A 58 lb test weight is required for a grade of U.S. No. 1.

2

1,000 KWT - Estimate of weight of 1,000 seeds based on a clean 10g sample. Expressed in grams and used to approximate seed size.

3

Wheat Protein - Measured by NIR at a 12% moisture basis. A high protein is desirable for baking quality.

4

Falling Number - Expressed in seconds at a 14% moisture basis. It is used as an indicator of sprouting based on elevated enzyme activity.

A high falling number is desirable, preferably greater than 400 seconds.

5

Flour Extraction - Percentage of milled flour recovered from cleaned and tempered wheat. A high flour extraction percentage is desirable.

6

Farinograph Absorption - Measured by NIR at a 14% moisture basis. A measure of dough water absorption, expressed as percent. A high absorption is desirable.

7

Farinograph Stability - A measure of dough strength. It is expressed in minutes above the 500 Brabender unit line during mixing. A high stability is desirable.

8

Loaf Volume - The volume of the pup loaf of bread, expressed in cubic centimeters. A high volume is desirable.

Scale 1-10, with 1 being low and 10 being superior.

9

Page 40 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

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November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 41

Table 2. Yield of winter wheat varieties grown at five locations in North Dakota in 2023, with two or three-year averages (2021-23).

Carrington Langdon Hettinger Minot Williston Avg. N.D. 2-Yr. Variety

2023

Avg.

3-Yr. 2023

Avg.

3-Yr. 2023

Avg.

2-Yr. 2023

Avg.

2-Yr. 2023

Avg.

2023

2-Yr./ 3-Yr. Avg.

……………………………………….(bu/a)…………………………………………………

AAC Goldrush

61.4

--

65.5

--

54.5

--

41.1

--

37.0

--

51.9

--

AAC Vortex

56.3

70.1

61.4

--

55.3

--

51.9

57.9

38.1

36.0

52.6

--

AAC Wildfire

59.0

67.8

66.1

60.6

58.6

59.7

52.5

59.6

39.6

39.2

55.2

57.4

AC Emerson

49.6

64.3

51.0

54.4

46.4

53.6

42.7

49.1

31.4

26.6

44.2

49.6

AP Bigfoot

50.9

70.6

47.6

--

41.9

--

27.4

41.5

27.9

22.3

39.1

--

Jerry

56.3

70.0

62.7

62.7

48.5

54.9

52.5

60.3

29.8

26.4

50.0

54.9

Keldin

66.5

80.4

70.7

56.2

58.9

62.4

31.7

49.6

36.5

34.5

52.9

56.6

MS Maverick

51.1

71.1

57.9

--

45.2

--

34.6

42.2

32.1

25.2

44.2

--

MS Sundown

48.1

--

55.0

--

43.7

--

33.2

33.1

--

42.6

--

ND Noreen

57.2

71.6

62.0

65.0

55.5

59.0

56.6

58.4

36.5

36.1

53.6

58.0

Northern

65.0

75.4

68.8

57.7

58.0

61.4

52.7

59.8

33.7

31.4

55.6

57.1

SD Andes

65.6

77.6

65.9

--

58.7

62.7

53.8

64.9

33.5

33.4

55.5

--

SD Midland

66.0

78.7

68.5

--

58.9

--

41.4

56.2

35.6

31.3

54.1

--

SY Monument

58.4

71.2

59.7

52.0

44.6

54.9

37.5

50.4

33.1

29.6

46.7

51.6

SY Wolverine

39.6

56.9

48.4

45.8

41.5

51.5

27.9

42.4

25.6

22.4

36.6

43.8

WB4309

47.1

67.4

54.5

--

35.7

49.9

39.4

43.3

28.6

26.3

41.1

--

Winner

57.8

72.9

57.8

--

44.1

56.7

50.1

52.0

33.8

28.9

48.7

--

Mean

56.2

71.1

60.2

56.8

50.0

57.0

43.6

52.5

33.3

29.9

48.5

53.6

CV (%)

9.8

--

6.5

--

7.1

--

11.2

--

4.7

--

9.6

--

LSD 0.05

7.9

--

5.6

--

5.7

--

8.4

--

3.7

--

5.9

--

LSD 0.10

6.6

--

4.7

--

4.8

--

7.0

--

3.1

--

4.9

--

Supporting barley research, market development, and agricultural policy for barley producers since 1983.

North Dakota Barley Council 1002 Main Avenue West #2 West Fargo, ND 58078 www.ndbarley.net

Page 42 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Table 3. Test weight of winter wheat varieties grown at five locations in North Dakota in 2023.

Variety

Carrington

Langdon

Hettinger

Minot

Williston

Average

……………………………………...(lb/bu)……………………………………...….

AAC Goldrush

62.4

63.4

61.2

59.1

58.6

60.9

AAC Vortex

62.2

63.3

60.8

60.5

58.1

61.0

AAC Wildfire

62.5

63.8

61.0

60.6

58.7

61.3

AC Emerson

62.2

63.3

60.3

60.9

59.4

61.2

AP Bigfoot

61.8

63.6

61.4

59.7

59.3

61.2

Jerry

61.7

62.8

59.4

60.5

57.9

60.5

Keldin

62.6

64.0

60.5

57.6

60.1

61.0

MS Maverick

62.7

63.7

60.4

58.8

59.6

61.0

MS Sundown

61.7

63.0

60.8

60.3

58.5

60.9

ND Noreen

63.7

64.5

61.6

62.9

60.5

62.7

Northern

62.2

63.8

61.4

61.4

59.5

61.7

SD Andes

63.6

64.4

61.5

61.6

60.4

62.3

SD Midland

62.7

64.1

61.1

60.2

59.4

61.5

SY Monument

60.9

62.7

59.0

59.2

58.9

60.1

SY Wolverine

61.8

63.3

60.6

59.0

59.8

60.9

WB4309

61.1

63.4

57.2

59.3

58.5

59.9

Winner

62.2

63.4

61.1

61.5

59.4

61.5

Mean

62.2

63.5

60.5

60.3

59.2

61.1

CV (%)

0.4

0.4

1.6

1.4

0.2

--

LSD 0.05

0.4

0.4

1.4

1.4

0.4

--

LSD 0.10

0.3

0.3

1.1

1.2

0.3

--

Note: 58.0 lb/bu test weight is required for US No. 1 grade Hard Red Winter Wheat

BUILT BY FARMERS FOR FARMERS IN PARTNERSHIP WITH

ENCOURAGING THE USE OF QUALITY SEED

ndcropimprovement.com November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 43

North Dakota Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial Results for 2023 and Selection Guide Clair Keene, Andrew Green, Shahidul Islam, Andrew Friskop, Tim Friesen, Zhaohui Liu and Shaobin Zhong (NDSU Main Station); Yue Jin (USDA-ARS St. Paul, MN); John Rickertsen (Hettinger Research Extension Center); Leandro Bortolon, Austin Kraklau, and Jayden Hansen (North Central Research Extension Center, Minot); Bryan Hanson (Langdon Research Extension Center); Glenn Martin (Dickinson Research Extension Center); Justin Jacobs (Williston Research Extension Center); Kristin Simons (Carrington Research Extension Center) Hard red spring (HRS) wheat was planted on 5.6 million acres in 2023, up slightly from 5.3 million acres in 2022. The average yield of HRS wheat was 49 bushels/acre (bu/a), down slightly from 52 bu/a in 2022.

2023 spring wheat yields were highly variable across the state. Most of the state started the season with a deep snow pack and delayed planting due to cold and wet conditions in April.

The abundant winter snow provided adequate moisture for the crop during early development. However, most of the region experienced an abnormally hot and dry June which was then followed by a cooler-thannormal July. Areas of northcentral and northeast North Dakota experienced periods of severe to extreme drought while southwest North Dakota had one of its highest growing season rainfall totals in the past 5 years. This variability in precipitation resulted in some areas having very high wheat yields while other areas had below average yields.

See Figure 1 below for April 1-August 31 rainfall totals at the trial locations as recorded by NDAWN stations.

WB9590 was the most popular HRS

wheat variety in 2023, reportedly occupying 8.7% of the planted acreage, followed by AP Murdock (8.4%), SY Valda (6.9%), SY Ingmar (6.4%), and MN Torgy (4.5%).

WB9590 was released by WestBred/ Monsanto. AP Murdock, SY Valda, and SY Ingmar are Syngenta/AgriPro varieties. MN Torgy is a University of Minnesota release. NDSU varieties Faller and Glenn were reported on 3.1% and 2.6% of acres, respectively.

Successful wheat production depends on numerous factors, including selecting the right variety for a particular area. The information included in this publication is meant to aid in selecting that variety or group of varieties. Characteristics to consider in selecting a variety may include yield potential, protein content when grown with proper fertility, straw strength, plant height, response to problematic pests (diseases, insects, etc.) and maturity. Every growing season differs; therefore, when selecting a variety, we recommend using data that summarize several years and locations. Choose the variety that, on average, performs the best at multiple locations near your farm during several years.

Selecting varieties with good milling and baking quality also is important to maintain market recognition and avoid discounts.

Hard red spring wheat from the northern Great Plains is known around the world for its excellent end-use quality. It is recommended that readers balance their variety selection taking into consideration not only yield, but also the quality rankings presented in this publication on Table 6.

Millers and bakers consider many

Page 44 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

factors in determining the quality and value of wheat they purchase.

Several key parameters are: high test weight (for optimum milling yield and flour color), high falling number (greater than 300 seconds indicates minimal sprout damage), high protein content (the majority of HRS wheat export markets want at least 14% protein) and excellent protein quality (for superior bread-making quality as indicated by traditional strong gluten proteins, high baking absorption and large bread loaf volume).

Gluten strength and milling and baking quality ratings are provided for individual varieties based on the results from the NDSU field plot variety trials in multiple locations in 2022. The wheat protein data often are higher than obtained in actual production fields but can be used to compare relative differences among varieties.

The agronomic data presented in this publication are from replicated research plots using experimental designs that enable the use of statistical analysis. These analyses enable the reader to determine, at a predetermined level of confidence, if the differences observed among varieties are reliable or if they might be due to error inherent in the experimental process.

Presentation of data for the entries tested does not imply approval or endorsement by the authors or agencies conducting the test. North Dakota State University approves the reproduction of any table in the publication only if no portion is deleted, appropriate footnotes are given and the order of the data is not rearranged. Additional data from county sites are available from each Research Extension Center and at https://vt.ag.ndsu.edu/

Table 1. North Dakota hard red spring wheat variety descriptions, agronomic traits, 2023.

5

Variety AAC Starbuck AP Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock AP Smith AR3530 AR3915 Ascend-SD Bolles Brawn-SD CAG-Justify CAG-Reckless CDCLandmarkVB CP3099A CP3188 CP3322 Driver Elgin ND Glenn Lang MN Lanning LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Hammer AX LCS Trigger MN- Rothsay MN-Torgy MS Charger MS Cobra MS Ranchero ND Frohberg ND Heron ND Thresher ND VitPro PFS Buns Shelly SY 611CL2 SY Ingmar SY Longmire7 SY McCloud SY Valda TCG-Heartland TCG-Spitfire TCG-Teddy TCG-Wildcat WB9590 WB9606 WB9719

Agent or Origin1 Canada Syngenta/AgriPro Syngenta/AgriPro Syngenta/AgriPro Armor Brand/ Croplan Armor Brand/ Croplan SD MN SD Champions Alliance Grp Champions Alliance Grp ND CISA Croplan Croplan Croplan SD ND ND MN MT Limagrain Limagrain Limagrain Limagrain Limagrain Limagrain Limagrain MN MN Meridian Seeds Meridian Seeds Meridian Seeds ND ND ND ND Peterson Farm Seeds MN Syngenta/AgriPro Syngenta/AgriPro Syngenta/AgriPro Syngenta/AgriPro Syngenta/AgriPro 21st Century Genetics 21st Century Genetics 21st Century Genetics 21st Century Genetics WestBred WestBred WestBred

Year Released 2018 2021 2019 2021 2015 2019 2022 2015 2022 2021 2021 2018 2020 2020 2023 2019 2012 2005 2017 2017 2022 2023 2020 2018 2020 2022 2016 2022 2020 2022 2022 2020 2020 2021 2023 2016 2021 2016 2019 2014 2019 2019 2015 2019 2015 2023 2020 2017 2020 2018

Height (inches)2 30 27 26 26 31 27 31 30 29 29 30 30 31 29 29 30 32 31 31 29 28 26 30 26 28 26 31 26 29 27 27 34 30 28 27 28 28 27 26 27 27 28 27 26 28 25 27 25 29 27

Straw Strength3 4 6 4 2 7 4 5 4 4 6 5 4 5 8 3 4 5 4 4 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 3 4 7 4 5 4 6 4 4 4 4 3 2 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 4 4

Days to Head4 47 47 47 49 49 48 48 50 48 49 48 48 51 48 53 48 46 46 50 50 45 45 51 44 46 47 53 50 49 46 47 54 47 45 50 46 57 49 48 48 48 47 48 46 50 48 48 47 49 49

Stem Rust6 1 2 2 1 2 NA 2 2 NA 2 2 NA 6 6 NA 2 2 2 2 2 2 NA 1 1 2 2 6 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 NA 2 2 NA NA

Reaction to Disease Bact. Leaf Leaf Tan Rust Spot Streak 6 NA 6 3 4 8 5 4 6 3 3 5 5 NA 5 2 NA 5 4 NA 5 2 4 6 2 NA 4 2 5 6 2 6 6 5 NA 6 3 4 7 2 6 7 3 NA 4 1 7 7 6 NA 7 6 6 5 2 NA 5 7 4 5 6 NA 7 6 NA 6 4 4 4 7 5 7 6 NA 7 6 NA 7 1 4 4 6 NA 5 3 3 5 2 NA 7 2 4 7 4 5 5 5 8 5 7 NA 7 4 NA 4 4 6 6 2 NA 4 6 3 7 6 4 6 3 6 6 6 4 6 5 7 7 2 7 6 3 4 7 5 6 5 4 NA 5 5 6 7 3 8 8 4 NA 6 5 NA 5

Head Scab 5 5 6 6 4 4 4 6 4 5 5 6 6 5 6 4 5 4 3 6 4 7 4 6 6 6 3 5 4 5 5 6 5 4 4 4 6 5 5 6 6 6 5 6 6 6 6 7 6 6

1

Refers to agent or developer: MN = Univ of Minnesota; MT = Montana State Univ; ND = North Dakota State Univ; SD = South Dakota State Univ Canada = Agri-Food Canada. NDCISA = ND Crop & Seed Improvement Assoc. Bold varieties are recently released, so data are limited and rating values may change.

2

Height data averaged from multiple locations in 2023.

3

Straw Strength = 1 to 9 scale, with 1 the strongest and 9 the weakest. These values are based on recent data and may change as more data become available.

4

Days to Head = the number of days from planting to head emergence from the boot, averaged based on data from several locations in 2023.

5

Disease reaction scores from 1 to 9, with 1 = resistant and 9 = very susceptible, NA = not available.

6

Stem rust scores determined from field severity ratings and Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici race QFCQ

7

Solid stemmed or semisolid stem, imparting resistance to sawfly.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 45

Table 2. Yield of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at five locations in eastern North Dakota, 2021-2023.

Carrington Casselton Langdon Prosper Forman

Average

1

Variety

2023 3 Yr. 2023 3 Yr. 2023 2023 2023 3 Yr. 2023 3 Yr. 3 Yr. ---------------------------------------------------------------(bu/a)---------------------------------------------------------------

AAC Starbuck AP Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock AP Smith AR3530 AR3915 Ascend-SD Bolles Brawn-SD CAG-Justify CAG-Reckless CDCLandmarkVB CP3099A CP3188 CP3322 Driver Elgin ND Glenn Lang MN Lanning LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Hammer AX LCS Trigger MN- Rothsay MN-Torgy MS Charger MS Cobra MS Ranchero ND Frohberg ND Heron ND Thresher ND VitPro PFS Buns Shelly SY 611CL2 SY Ingmar SY Longmire SY McCloud SY Valda TCG-Heartland TCG-Spitfire TCG-Teddy TCG-Wildcat WB9590 WB9606 WB9719 Mean CV% LSD 0.05 LSD 0.10

73.7 72.1 65.5 64.5 70.7 67.5 83.4 68.5 73.8 69.9 71.3 68.1 62.8 53.3 72.3 73.6 67.8 64.4 71.6 70.1 59.2 54.1 71.3 57.7 60.2 64.0 72.7 72.8 58.4 63.8 62.3 81.2 69.1 57.5 69.5 57.3 80.2 65.5 72.8 60.7 71.0 66.9 72.4 65.1 81.1 73.4 71.6 68.8 70.2 71.3 68.8 10.9 10.4 8.7

1

63.9 62.5 58.0 57.7 63.0 --57.4 -63.7 59.7 -60.0 59.1 -64.7 -55.4 -58.6 --59.2 55.2 --63.3 -61.3 -59.9 65.6 63.7 56.6 56.0 52.8 -63.1 63.2 55.1 60.7 60.6 61.8 53.5 66.3 -59.1 60.6 --60.0 ----

80.9 84.4 90.4 82.5 79.4 84.1 86.6 75.7 90.4 89.8 88.1 84.0 78.2 87.9 81.5 80.4 79.6 73.0 82.1 80.9 88.0 85.1 85.0 77.9 84.1 83.8 91.7 82.3 75.8 92.5 82.0 42.6 85.2 79.4 82.5 77.2 82.2 83.9 80.2 80.9 78.0 84.6 84.5 80.1 81.4 82.3 87.1 89.2 82.3 80.3 82.2 4.4 6.5 5.0

Three-year average includes 2020 data.

Page 46 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

-86.8 87.8 81.1 82.9 --79.8 -92.0 89.9 -89.5 86.4 -86.9 -71.5 -83.7 --92.3 88.1 --93.6 -82.0 -85.3 70.5 86.1 73.0 77.6 73.3 --81.0 80.4 80.2 83.7 86.1 79.6 83.9 -87.7 86.6 --83.5 ----

70.6 71.8 68.5 67.4 60.9 68.7 68.9 65.0 74.5 70.9 70.1 71.0 72.3 68.4 63.5 67.5 66.3 68.7 67.8 67.6 66.4 57.6 71.6 66.9 69.7 61.4 70.6 67.9 70.9 66.1 65.7 52.2 66.2 61.8 58.5 64.6 62.1 72.8 63.3 64.7 69.5 67.2 69.1 67.0 68.5 67.4 61.8 64.7 73.2 66.9 66.9 4.7 5.9 4.6

84.9 76.7 72.9 75.1 80.0 75.3 81.2 73.5 83.5 80.7 84.5 81.3 77.4 70.7 80.2 84.1 72.9 68.7 77.7 75.2 84.0 80.9 80.1 87.3 79.7 79.4 79.9 80.0 75.4 85.2 78.4 78.3 75.4 80.9 73.4 69.9 79.7 85.6 86.3 71.3 71.7 82.2 79.4 75.2 78.9 75.0 80.6 79.1 81.4 79.3 78.7 8.2 9.0 7.5

-78.0 84.3 76.8 83.3 79.9 -70.8 -------79.6 -70.0 -64.3 --80.0 78.8 --84.7 73.4 75.9 --72.1 75.4 71.3 -72.4 -73.1 81.9 74.6 73.3 77.8 81.4 70.0 80.4 -77.6 ---76.3 ----

90.6 87.6 88.4 84.7 93.2 93.7 101.3 88.1 108.9 96.7 99.4 82.1 102.6 90.8 90.8 91.4 91.8 83.6 93.1 91.2 89.8 89.0 105.2 82.3 94.5 93.5 103.9 88.7 98.7 96.4 89.1 81.2 89.4 84.2 99.6 87.1 103.8 92.0 97.7 88.8 97.5 89.6 98.8 88.3 104.0 88.8 95.0 95.5 94.1 109.1 93.4 5.8 8.5 7.1

-78.2 79.7 75.6 77.9 ----79.5 85.2 -86.3 76.9 -79.5 -72.6 -77.8 --86.0 ---92.9 -83.5 -74.2 68.6 79.0 74.8 82.0 75.2 --83.4 74.6 79.1 77.3 84.4 72.8 91.8 -81.5 77.5 --79.6 ----

80.1 78.5 77.1 74.8 76.9 77.9 84.3 74.2 86.2 81.6 82.7 77.3 78.7 74.2 77.7 79.4 75.7 71.7 78.5 77.0 77.5 73.3 82.6 74.4 77.6 76.4 83.7 78.4 75.8 80.8 75.5 67.1 77.0 72.8 76.7 71.2 81.6 80.0 80.1 73.3 77.6 78.1 80.8 75.1 82.8 77.4 79.2 79.5 80.2 81.4 77.8 6.9 6.7 5.6

-76.4 77.4 72.8 76.8 --69.3 -78.4 78.2 -78.6 74.1 -77.7 -67.4 -71.1 --79.4 74.0 --83.6 -75.7 -73.1 69.2 76.0 68.9 71.9 68.4 --77.4 71.2 73.3 74.9 78.4 69.0 80.6 -76.5 74.9 --74.7 ----

Table 3. Yield of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at four locations in western North Dakota, 2021-2023.

Dickinson Hettinger Mandan Minot Variety

2023

AAC Starbuck AP Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock AP Smith AR3530 AR3915 Ascend-SD Bolles Brawn-SD CAG-Justify CAG-Reckless CDC LandmarkVB CP3099A CP3188 CP3322 Driver Elgin ND Glenn Lang MN Lanning LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Hammer AX LCS Trigger MN- Rothsay MN-Torgy MS Charger MS Cobra MS Ranchero ND Frohberg ND Heron ND Thresher ND VitPro PFS Buns Shelly SY 611CL2 SY Ingmar SY Longmire SY McCloud SY Valda TCG-Heartland TCG-Spitfire TCG-Teddy TCG-Wildcat WB9590 WB9606 WB9719 Mean CV% LSD 0.05 LSD 0.10

51.3 53.0 41.6 53.1 52.5 46.3 48.6 45.7 50.1 61.2 45.5 47.2 54.7 54.3 62.5 46.5 50.4 45.6 51.0 47.4 54.3 46.5 59.6 54.3 48.9 49.8 54.1 51.4 53.4 52.7 45.7 59.4 44.2 45.2 46.3 42.9 57.4 51.6 49.4 49.8 45.1 41.5 55.6 43.8 53.1 50.6 50.5 44.1 45.1 52.9 49.8 10.3 6.0 4.7

Average

3 Yr. 2023 3 Yr. 2023 3 Yr. 2023 2 Yr. 2023 2/3 Yr. ----------------------------------------------------------(bu/a)----------------------------------------------------------40.5 33.2 38.8 38.9 37.5 -32.9 ---------34.2 37.3 37.1 --41.3 39.9 --40.1 38.4 38.7 --42.1 34.1 35.8 -33.7 --38.1 36.4 34.4 32.8 39.2 33.5 37.9 -38.9 ---37.1 ----

82.6 84.9 75.2 80.8 86.5 76.6 83.4 75.8 89.1 93.6 83.8 81.8 91.7 80.8 84.0 86.8 78.9 73.3 76.9 78.5 80.0 76.2 90.6 76.3 85.2 73.3 93.2 85.1 85.4 88.9 76.7 91.4 78.4 75.7 82.0 74.3 91.9 86.4 82.9 70.8 76.6 73.3 86.7 72.5 84.2 78.5 78.6 79.1 86.0 81.6 81.5 5.5 5.2 4.1

68.4 70.7 62.8 65.1 67.6 -66.2 63.0 -74.7 69.6 -70.1 67.2 -69.9 -62.0 -68.1 --71.8 68.1 --71.1 67.5 69.2 -65.5 73.0 66.0 65.9 64.5 61.8 --69.6 59.5 62.5 65.5 68.3 63.8 68.1 -66.3 66.6 --67.1 ----

54.2 49.4 52.6 48.8 54.4 53.0 56.3 51.3 50.3 50.3 52.4 55.7 54.4 56.4 53.6 56.9 41.8 45.9 56.8 52.3 45.6 47.0 59.0 45.1 45.2 51.7 60.3 56.8 60.7 46.9 50.7 66.6 47.9 44.2 53.2 47.5 63.9 51.5 57.4 49.9 52.5 48.6 60.3 45.4 62.6 40.6 55.5 45.7 51.5 53.0 52.4 9.2 5.6 4.4

42.0 45.2 44.8 43.6 44.0 -47.2 42.1 -46.1 43.1 -44.1 46.5 -45.7 -39.9 -43.5 --50.2 39.9 --51.0 46.9 49.2 -43.3 52.6 41.5 38.0 41.5 38.4 --46.1 41.9 42.4 42.0 47.5 37.3 50.5 -47.0 40.1 --44.3 ----

65.0 68.4 63.8 67.6 62.7 59.5 70.3 70.4 69.9 63.2 70.7 60.3 62.9 62.0 59.6 57.4 68.9 61.9 61.1 62.3 68.0 68.5 71.8 65.7 60.3 61.4 70.6 64.4 63.4 60.1 61.7 53.5 66.0 56.5 59.4 58.0 67.6 64.1 67.0 59.0 66.3 54.6 61.4 60.1 61.7 58.8 74.5 66.9 63.9 65.1 62.5 11.0 11.0 9.2

58.7 63.1 61.0 63.1 59.1 57.9 66.1 66.0 -65.0 63.5 -65.8 60.7 -60.2 -59.3 -62.9 66.6 -69.3 62.5 66.5 60.9 68.7 67.3 64.4 59.6 58.5 52.8 62.0 56.2 -56.1 -64.0 61.8 56.3 59.9 60.7 59.4 59.4 62.2 -67.9 63.0 --62.0 ----

63.3 63.9 58.3 62.6 64.0 58.9 64.6 60.8 64.8 67.1 63.1 61.2 65.9 63.4 64.9 61.9 60.0 56.7 61.4 60.1 62.0 59.5 70.2 60.4 59.9 59.0 69.6 64.4 65.7 62.2 58.7 67.7 59.1 55.4 60.2 55.7 70.2 63.4 64.2 57.4 60.1 54.5 66.0 55.5 65.4 57.1 64.8 59.0 61.6 63.1 62.0 6.9 5.9 4.9

56.4 59.7 56.2 57.3 56.9 -59.8 57.0 -61.9 58.7 -60.0 58.1 -58.6 -53.7 -58.2 --63.8 56.8 --63.6 60.5 60.9 -55.8 59.5 56.5 53.4 -52.1 --59.2 52.6 54.9 56.0 58.4 53.5 60.2 -60.4 56.6 --57.8

----

Williston 2023 data was not suitable to publish due to hail loss. Dickinson 2022 trial lost to hail.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 47

Table 4. Protein at 12% moisture of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at ten locations in North Dakota, 2023.

Variety AAC Starbuck AP Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock AP Smith AR3530 AR3915 Ascend-SD Bolles Brawn-SD CAG-Justify CAG-Reckless CDCLandmarkVB CP3099A CP3188 CP3322 Driver Elgin ND Glenn Lang MN Lanning LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Hammer AX LCS Trigger MN- Rothsay MN-Torgy MS Charger MS Cobra MS Ranchero ND Frohberg ND Heron ND Thresher ND VitPro PFS Buns Shelly SY 611CL2 SY Ingmar SY Longmire SY McCloud SY Valda TCG-Heartland TCG-Spitfire TCG-Teddy TCG-Wildcat WB9590 WB9606 WB9719 Mean CV% LSD 0.05 LSD 0.10

Carrington Casselton Forman Langdon Prosper Dickinson Hettinger Mandan Minot Williston State Avg. -----------------------------------------------------------------(%)----------------------------------------------------------------15.7 15.6 15.6 12.7 15.6 13.8 14.7 13.7 15.6 15.0 14.8 15.6 15.3 15.3 13.7 15.5 13.7 13.7 12.5 14.7 15.1 14.5 15.4 14.9 14.9 12.8 14.8 14.8 13.3 12.1 14.4 14.3 14.2 15.3 14.6 14.7 13.1 14.8 13.9 13.9 13.4 14.2 15.0 14.3 14.8 15.4 14.8 12.8 15.4 12.9 14.1 12.7 14.6 14.7 14.2 15.0 15.1 14.8 13.5 14.9 14.7 13.4 12.0 14.3 15.8 14.4 15.3 15.0 14.3 12.2 15.7 13.4 13.2 12.4 14.8 15.0 14.1 17.5 16.9 16.6 14.4 16.2 14.9 15.5 13.9 15.7 16.1 15.8 14.5 13.8 14.0 12.2 14.2 12.8 13.4 12.1 13.3 13.9 -14.1 13.6 13.8 12.4 13.9 11.9 12.3 11.0 13.4 13.4 13.0 14.8 14.9 14.6 12.4 14.7 14.7 14.2 12.6 14.5 13.3 14.1 15.9 15.4 15.3 13.0 15.6 15.1 14.7 13.6 15.4 15.5 -12.0 11.4 13.3 11.0 13.3 12.0 10.6 10.6 11.3 12.9 11.8 13.5 13.7 13.7 11.8 13.8 11.9 12.0 11.6 12.9 13.1 12.8 13.6 13.4 14.3 12.5 13.7 11.4 11.3 11.5 13.1 12.7 -14.3 14.7 14.1 12.9 14.5 13.5 13.4 12.0 14.4 13.8 13.8 14.5 14.5 14.4 12.5 14.1 14.2 13.7 12.6 13.8 13.9 -15.5 15.2 15.0 13.3 15.3 14.6 14.6 13.0 15.4 15.1 14.7 15.0 15.5 14.8 13.4 15.6 13.8 13.8 13.0 15.2 14.8 -15.7 15.5 15.4 13.9 15.4 14.4 13.9 13.2 15.3 14.1 14.7 14.8 14.0 14.5 12.6 13.7 13.4 13.1 11.9 13.7 13.7 13.5 16.0 14.9 15.5 13.0 14.6 14.5 14.2 12.7 14.6 14.6 -12.7 13.0 13.4 11.5 12.7 11.0 11.6 10.8 12.1 12.7 12.2 14.8 14.8 15.0 12.8 14.7 12.2 14.3 12.2 14.9 14.2 14.0 14.8 14.2 13.8 12.2 14.7 13.3 13.1 12.3 13.8 13.7 13.6 15.1 14.8 14.6 12.8 14.8 13.9 13.6 12.4 14.4 13.9 14.0 12.8 12.8 13.9 11.6 12.5 12.0 11.4 10.5 11.7 13.7 12.3 15.2 15.0 14.5 13.6 14.4 13.7 13.9 12.9 13.8 14.3 14.1 15.7 15.5 15.2 13.9 15.2 13.7 14.4 12.7 14.2 14.5 14.5 14.2 13.4 13.4 12.1 13.6 12.5 12.2 11.7 12.7 12.7 12.8 15.8 15.1 15.1 13.1 15.7 14.9 14.3 13.1 14.6 15.1 14.7 14.7 14.9 15.5 13.1 13.9 12.1 12.5 11.8 14.2 12.8 13.6 15.6 14.4 14.8 13.2 15.1 14.9 14.4 13.2 14.6 14.8 14.5 15.7 15.1 15.5 12.7 15.5 15.3 14.7 12.8 15.2 14.9 14.8 14.5 15.2 15.3 13.6 14.8 13.8 14.0 12.3 14.2 15.0 -16.0 15.3 15.3 13.8 15.4 15.0 14.7 13.2 15.1 15.1 14.9 13.6 13.4 15.4 12.8 12.8 11.6 11.9 11.3 11.9 13.5 -14.6 14.3 13.9 12.9 14.6 13.7 13.1 12.4 13.4 14.0 13.7 15.7 14.9 15.0 13.3 15.4 14.0 14.1 12.5 14.0 14.4 14.3 15.8 15.2 14.9 13.3 15.3 14.3 14.8 13.3 14.6 15.0 14.7 15.5 14.6 14.9 13.2 14.6 15.4 14.2 12.8 14.3 15.0 14.4 16.1 15.5 15.4 13.0 15.4 14.6 14.6 13.9 14.9 15.0 14.8 15.1 14.4 14.6 12.5 14.8 13.3 14.5 12.0 14.1 15.0 14.0 16.2 15.5 15.8 14.0 15.4 14.5 14.9 13.6 15.1 14.5 14.9 14.5 14.2 14.5 12.9 14.0 13.3 13.4 12.1 13.9 14.2 13.7 15.6 15.1 15.0 13.6 15.4 13.9 13.7 13.1 14.0 15.1 -16.1 14.6 15.2 13.2 15.0 14.1 14.6 13.4 14.4 14.4 14.5 15.3 14.9 15.7 13.8 15.0 14.6 14.3 12.6 14.8 14.2 14.5 13.8 14.2 13.6 12.2 13.3 13.2 12.8 11.6 13.9 14.3 -14.5 14.4 14.4 12.6 14.4 13.3 13.2 12.0 14.1 14.3 -15.0 14.7 14.8 13.0 14.7 13.8 13.6 12.5 14.2 14.4 14.1 3.2 1.1 0.9 4.9 2.5 6.0 4.1 4.4 3.1 4.3 -0.7 0.3 0.3 0.9 NS 1.0 0.7 0.6 0.7 1.0 -0.6 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 --

Page 48 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Table 5. Test weight of hard red spring wheat varieties grown at ten locations in North Dakota, 2023.

Variety AAC Starbuck AP Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock AP Smith AR3530 AR3915 Ascend-SD Bolles Brawn-SD CAG-Justify CAG-Reckless CDCLandmarkVB CP3099A CP3188 CP3322 Driver Elgin ND Glenn Lang MN Lanning LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Hammer AX LCS Trigger MN- Rothsay MN-Torgy MS Charger MS Cobra MS Ranchero ND Frohberg ND Heron ND Thresher ND VitPro PFS Buns Shelly SY 611CL2 SY Ingmar SY Longmire SY McCloud SY Valda TCG-Heartland TCG-Spitfire TCG-Teddy TCG-Wildcat WB9590 WB9606 WB9719 Mean CV% LSD 0.05 LSD 0.10

Carrington Casselton Forman Langdon Prosper Dickinson Hettinger Mandan Minot Williston State Avg. -----------------------------------------------------------------(%)----------------------------------------------------------------61.3 62.7 60.5 61.4 62.4 61.2 58.8 56.8 60.5 60.4 60.6 60.0 61.2 58.7 59.0 59.8 60.2 59.8 55.8 60.2 58.6 59.3 60.2 61.0 59.2 58.4 61.4 58.5 58.1 57.0 59.7 58.0 59.2 60.5 60.2 59.7 59.6 60.5 60.9 59.8 57.1 59.6 59.0 59.7 60.0 61.1 58.7 59.4 61.6 59.8 59.7 57.3 59.5 59.1 59.6 60.7 62.3 61.2 59.5 62.2 62.0 60.3 57.1 60.4 59.9 60.5 60.9 61.7 60.3 59.4 61.7 60.6 60.0 57.6 59.7 59.7 60.2 59.8 60.4 58.4 59.3 59.8 60.2 58.6 56.6 59.4 60.0 59.2 61.9 63.3 61.8 61.2 63.0 61.6 59.9 57.4 61.9 60.7 -58.0 59.8 56.8 55.7 58.4 58.6 58.7 55.3 57.3 57.6 57.6 61.9 62.2 60.8 60.6 62.5 61.2 59.5 58.0 60.7 57.1 60.4 61.2 62.1 60.7 61.3 61.7 61.0 59.6 58.0 60.5 60.3 -56.0 56.7 56.5 53.8 57.1 59.3 58.4 52.7 55.6 57.8 56.4 58.0 60.9 57.2 57.6 59.3 58.9 58.7 56.2 58.3 58.3 58.3 59.2 60.5 57.4 58.1 58.8 60.7 59.3 55.6 58.2 60.1 -61.2 62.1 60.6 60.3 61.5 61.1 60.0 57.9 60.5 61.0 60.6 60.0 61.4 60.6 60.0 61.6 60.2 58.8 55.4 60.2 60.0 -62.5 63.4 62.6 62.1 63.0 62.3 60.6 58.5 61.3 61.5 61.8 61.3 62.0 60.9 61.2 61.8 60.4 59.7 58.5 61.3 60.2 -58.4 60.3 58.0 59.2 58.7 59.2 58.1 56.0 59.6 59.7 58.7 60.6 62.5 60.8 60.5 62.5 60.9 59.6 56.4 60.2 61.2 60.5 61.5 63.5 60.9 60.1 62.7 61.2 60.0 57.7 60.9 60.6 -58.3 60.3 57.3 56.6 58.6 59.3 58.7 56.8 59.3 58.6 58.4 60.2 63.5 61.5 60.8 62.7 60.4 60.2 55.9 61.1 61.2 60.7 60.2 62.2 60.2 60.2 61.6 60.8 59.8 55.0 60.0 60.1 60.0 60.1 61.4 59.6 59.5 61.5 59.5 58.2 56.0 59.5 59.1 59.4 60.2 62.2 59.2 59.0 61.3 60.6 60.0 58.9 61.1 58.8 60.1 60.1 61.2 59.9 59.4 61.6 60.9 58.9 57.5 60.3 59.3 59.9 59.3 61.6 60.4 60.6 62.0 60.6 58.8 59.0 60.9 60.3 60.4 60.4 61.6 60.6 59.4 60.7 60.1 59.8 55.5 59.5 59.9 59.7 61.2 61.9 60.5 60.7 61.6 60.5 59.1 55.7 60.4 60.0 60.1 60.0 57.1 58.2 59.1 55.2 60.0 58.7 57.3 59.2 60.7 58.5 61.3 62.0 60.1 60.0 61.7 60.1 59.7 58.0 61.2 60.2 60.4 60.9 63.1 60.7 61.1 61.0 60.2 59.4 55.8 60.5 60.7 60.3 59.5 60.4 57.5 58.3 61.1 59.0 58.6 56.8 58.3 58.7 -61.8 63.3 61.7 61.5 63.2 61.5 60.2 56.9 61.0 58.0 60.9 58.5 59.3 55.5 57.0 59.1 59.4 57.3 56.3 58.7 58.5 -58.7 62.2 60.5 59.9 61.3 60.8 58.9 55.8 59.9 60.7 59.9 62.4 61.9 61.1 61.4 61.1 62.3 60.3 57.5 61.4 60.9 61.0 61.4 62.0 61.2 59.8 61.4 62.0 60.0 58.0 60.3 60.1 60.6 61.4 61.6 60.5 59.8 61.3 61.1 59.6 58.6 60.2 60.0 60.4 60.8 62.6 61.4 61.0 62.3 60.7 59.4 57.0 61.0 60.8 60.7 61.6 61.6 60.2 59.5 61.1 60.2 59.6 57.2 58.5 60.4 60.0 61.8 62.7 61.0 60.4 61.9 61.7 59.6 56.7 61.0 60.1 60.7 60.4 60.7 58.8 59.0 60.2 61.1 58.8 57.7 60.2 59.8 59.7 59.0 60.7 60.1 57.9 60.3 61.1 58.9 55.3 59.2 59.2 -61.5 61.5 60.6 59.9 61.5 61.2 59.8 57.2 60.3 60.7 60.4 59.5 61.8 59.9 60.1 61.5 59.7 58.4 53.9 59.7 59.9 59.4 61.4 62.0 60.0 59.9 61.3 61.3 59.8 56.5 60.9 61.2 -63.0 63.8 61.5 61.2 62.8 63.0 61.0 58.4 62.7 61.6 -59.3 61.5 59.8 59.6 61.0 60.5 59.3 56.6 59.9 59.7 59.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 1.3 1.3 0.8 0.7 1.6 1.1 1.2 -1.1 0.5 0.4 1.1 1.2 0.5 0.5 1.1 1.0 1.2 -1.0 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.0 0.4 0.4 0.8 0.9 1.0 -November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 49

Table 6. Quality data from 2020-2022. The Wheat Quality Index is a weighted average developed to summarize the relative milling and baking quality of lines in the trial. Data from across years are from 2019-2022 for all varieties which were tested in a minimum of two years (four locations per year) across North Dakota.

Variety MS Cobra AR3915 SY McCloud Bolles Glenn CAG-Reckless AR3530 ND VitPro ND Frohberg TCG-Heartland SY Longmire Lanning AP Smith SY Invmar Lang-MN Elgin ND WB9590 ND Heron SY 611CL2 LCS Cannon MS Ranchero MN Rothsay ND Thresher TCG-Spitfire AP Murdock TCG-Wildcat Faller MN Torgy AP Gunsmoke CL2 Shelly CP3188 Driver SY Valda LCS Trigger CP3099A CAG-Justify LCS Buster Mean

Test Weight1

Vitreous Kernels2

Wheat Protein3

Farinograph Absorption4

lb/bu 61.7 62.3 62.5 60.7 63.5 61.9 61.3 62.9 62.1 62.3 61.5 60.3 61.0 62.0 61.8 60.4 61.8 62.9 62.1 62.7 59.9 61.5 59.8 60.8 60.9 62.2 60.9 62.0 60.8 60.8 60.1 62.2 61.7 61.4 58.9 59.1 59.1

% 82.9 74.6 77.5 83.4 86.4 79.7 72.4 84.1 74.6 76.7 77.6 82.2 76.5 80.9 86.6 74.0 77.6 82.9 77.6 66.2 79.9 72.5 78.6 71.4 63.3 76.6 70.2 70.7 74.9 74.3 67.4 75.7 84.2 82.0 78.8 77.2 64.1

12% m.b.

15.1 15.1 15.5 16.9 15.5 15.2 14.9 15.6 14.9 15.7 15.1 15.7 15.1 15.4 15.4 15.3 15.4 15.6 15.1 14.6 14.7 15.1 15.5 14.5 14.5 15.1 14.5 15.1 15.5 14.7 13.7 14.8 14.7 13.2 13.2 14.3 13.1

% 65.7 64.1 66.2 64.6 64.7 65.1 64.6 65.2 66.3 63.7 64.4 63.5 62.9 63.1 63.9 64.2 63.7 71.7 68.1 62.6 65.7 61.8 65.2 64.5 63.8 63.9 64.3 62.1 61.4 61.3 60.2 60.9 63.2 64.6 61.4 62.6 58.2

Flour Farinograph Extraction5 Stability6 % 67.6 68.7 66.4 64.1 65.5 65.1 67.9 66.7 65.8 66.9 66.8 66.1 66.0 67.1 66.8 67.2 66.1 64.0 65.2 68.2 64.7 67.3 65.9 65.0 67.1 66.8 68.2 65.8 65.9 67.2 67.7 66.7 65.6 67.1 65.8 67.0 68.2

min 11.8 14.5 11.9 21.8 15.1 15.3 11.9 10.4 14.1 14.7 13.0 12.1 16.3 14.1 12.3 12.7 14.4 8.3 9.3 14.6 13.2 15.1 10.3 12.5 14.0 9.7 10.6 14.3 13.5 13.3 17.6 11.5 7.7 9.9 14.0 9.1 15.1

Loaf Volume7

WQI RANK8

3

cm 1039.1 981.0 962.8 940.0 957.1 966.0 976.2 951.8 922.4 941.5 965.0 991.0 978.7 954.6 943.0 945.1 924.9 922.4 920.2 933.9 927.8 955.6 919.5 950.9 924.6 928.9 911.2 923.5 915.8 907.7 897.5 897.8 882.9 819.2 893.0 866.1 849.1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

1

Test weight - Expressed in pounds (lbs) per bushel. A high test weight is desirable. A 58 lb test weight is required for a grade of US No. 1.

Vitreous kernels - Expressed as a percentage of seeds having a vitreous-colored endosperm. A high percentage is desirable.

US No. 1 DNS requires greater than 75% vitreous kernels.

2

3

Wheat Protein - Measured by NIR at a 12% moisture basis. A high protein is desirable for baking quality.

Farinograph Absorption - Measured by NIR at a 14% moisture basis. A measure of dough water absorption, expressed as percent. A high absorption is desirable.

4

5

Flour Extraction - Percentage of milled flour recovered from cleaned and tempered wheat. A high flour extraction percentage is desirable.

Farinograph Stability - A measure of dough strength expressed in minutes above the 500 Brabender unit line during mixing. A high stability is desirable.

7 Loaf Volume - The volume of the pup loaf of bread, expressed in cubic centimeters. A high volume is desirable.

6

8

Standardized means were used to calculate the Wheat Quality Index (WQI). The WQI is a weighted index calculated as: Test Weight (5%); Vitreous kernel (5%); Wheat Protein (10%); Flour Extraction (10%); Farinograph Absorption (23.3%); Farinograph Stability (23.3%) and Loaf Volume (23.3%).

Adjusted means across locations were calculated for each trait using a mixed model. These means were standardized (mean=0 and standard deviation=1) to remove the effect of scale, which vary between traits.

Page 50 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Table 7. Quality data from 2022 from four locations across North Dakota. The Wheat Quality Index is a weighted average developed to summarize the relative milling and baking quality of lines in the trial. Data from 2022 are for all varieties which were tested in the 2023 trial. Data were collected from Carrington, Thompson, Hettinger, and Prosper, North Dakota.

Variety

Test Weight1

lb/bu Bolles 60.6 Glenn 62.9 MS Cobra 61.4 ND Thresher 60.1 ND Frohberg 61.7 ND VitPro 62.5 SY McCloud 61.9 CAG-Reckless 61.5 TCG-Heartland 61.7 SY Ingmar 61.1 ND Heron 62.5 AAC Starbuck 61.1 LCS Ascent 61.9 MS Ranchero 59.1 WB9590 61.3 SY 611CL2 61.3 AP Smith 60.6 LCS Cannon 62.2 AR3530 60.8 TCG-Wildfire 61.6 SY Longmire 60.7 TCG-Spitfire 60.2 Ascend-SD 61.2 Boost 60.3 LCS Hammer AX 61.3 MN-Rothsay 60.9 MS Charger 61.3 Lanning 59.6 SY Valda 61.0 AP Murdock 60.4 Brawn-SD 62.0 MN-Torgy 61.5 Shelly 61.5 CP3188 59.8 AP Gunsmoke CL2 60.5 Driver 61.7 LCS Trigger 60.9 CP3099A 59.1 CAG-Justify 59.3 LCS Buster 58.5 Mean 61.1 See footnotes below Table 7.

Vitreous Kernels2

Wheat Protein3

Farinograph Absorption4

Flour Extraction5

Farinograph Stability6

% 80.1 80.5 79.3 71.5 71.1 79.9 74.0 78.3 74.1 78.6 72.4 75.3 64.3 78.4 76.2 75.9 75.7 65.6 73.3 72.0 71.6 69.5 78.9 68.5 72.4 73.2 68.5 78.2 79.0 66.3 69.3 72.4 75.5 69.1 70.9 71.1 76.1 79.0 72.1 64.9 73.8

12% m.b.

16.4 15.6 15.0 15.1 14.9 15.6 15.6 15.2 15.5 15.5 15.6 15.9 14.3 14.6 15.4 15.2 15.0 14.7 15.0 15.1 15.1 14.2 14.6 14.8 14.6 14.8 13.6 15.7 14.7 14.0 14.1 15.1 14.5 13.5 15.4 14.7 12.8 13.0 14.2 13.0 14.8

% 64.8 65.1 65.9 65.7 66.5 65.4 66.4 65.7 64.0 62.9 72.4 64.9 63.8 66.9 64.1 69.1 63.4 63.3 64.6 64.5 64.8 64.5 64.3 65.4 63.2 61.9 65.0 63.5 63.8 63.1 62.0 63.0 61.9 61.0 61.3 60.9 65.2 62.4 63.2 59.1 64.4

% 66.0 66.7 68.2 67.7 66.7 66.9 66.1 65.8 66.9 67.9 65.6 67.9 67.3 65.6 66.4 66.0 66.7 68.7 67.4 67.5 66.8 66.1 66.6 67.2 67.2 68.0 66.7 66.3 67.2 66.7 67.9 67.2 68.7 68.3 65.8 66.9 67.9 65.9 66.9 68.5 67.0

min 17.1 11.7 10.0 11.3 11.2 10.3 9.8 12.7 11.6 10.5 8.6 10.4 13.0 11.1 11.7 8.4 11.2 10.8 9.5 9.3 9.7 9.7 10.1 8.8 10.4 11.9 9.7 9.4 8.4 11.9 11.4 9.9 11.0 12.0 10.5 10.8 8.7 12.3 8.8 11.2 10.7

Loaf Volume7 cm3

WQI RANK8

996.4 1040.6 1052.2 1014.3 981.7 989.1 985.9 965.9 980.7 1017.5 972.3 947.0 972.3 960.7 955.4 951.2 985.9 954.4 961.7 953.3 949.1 977.5 944.9 928.5 949.1 938.6 942.8 947.0 949.1 943.9 937.6 915.5 909.2 912.3 912.3 900.8 821.9 873.4 845.0 883.9 952.2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 51

Preliminary Report 24 2023 Wheat, Barley, and Oats Variety Performance in Minnesota Preliminary Report Preface Jochum Wiersma No yield records were broken during the 2023 growing season. Yet, the season will probably be long remembered; while you might not be able to squeeze blood from a turnip or a stone, wheat, barley, and oats apparently can squeeze water out of dry soil and produce a crop that exceeded all expectations.

Like the 2022 growing season, most of Minnesota ended the preceding fall either abnormally dry or in a moderate drought. Luckily, the snowpack was above average and a fair bit must have infiltrated rather than run off as flooding was minimal. This moisture more or less provided the moisture needed for the start of the growing season as spring precipitation remained well below normal.

Weather and field conditions were just wet and cool enough that little if any field work was done through the end of April. The first week of May was more of the same and not until the second week of May did the pace of field work pick up.

Starting in the second week of May temperatures soared to well above average. By the middle of May, a third of wheat, barley, and oat acres had been seeded and by May 21 three quarters of all small grains had been seeded, jumping well ahead of last year and the 5-year average.

The only challenge establishing the crop was uneven emergence if tillage yielded too dry a seedbed and a timely rain did not follow soon after seeding. This eventually resulted in some harvest challenges as the crop also ended up ripening unevenly.

The weather remained warm, if not outright hot, through June while precipitation remained well below average.

Average temperatures in June were 5 to 10 degrees warmer than normal. In turn, the growth and development of wheat, barley, and oats was equally rapid, yielding shorter plants that didn’t tiller as much as in 2022.Precipitation, meanwhile, remained very spotty and well below average.

By the end of June large parts of Minnesota had once

again returned to either abnormally dry or in a moderate drought. Only parts of the Minnesota River Valley watershed were rated as having normal levels of available soil moisture. USDA-NASS’s first yield estimate for spring wheat on July 1 was 54 bu/acre, compared to 53 bu/acre on the same date in 2022.

The drought worsened through the month of July just as the small grains reached the grain fill period and with that, its greatest water demand. USDA-NASS revised their yield estimate for spring wheat down to 50 bu/acre, underscoring what everyone feared. The average temperatures, however, dropped 5 to 15 degrees below normal during this critical period. Ultimately this cooler weather in combination with the capillary rise of soil water from lower levels of the soil into the root zone on heavier texture soils saved this crop and allowed for much higher-than-expected grain yields. The differences in grain yield within fields, between neighboring fields, and regions were probably larger than many have ever seen before.

The unusually hot June followed by the unusually cool July combined with the very spotty showers and overall dry conditions meant that fungal leaf diseases and FHB were all but absent and only grasshoppers were a significant pest issue.

In the September Small Grains Summary USDA-NASS reported Minnesota’s average spring wheat yield to be 62 bu/acre or 12 bushels higher than their August 1 estimate, making 2023 the 2nd highest wheat yield for the state, behind 2017’s 67 bu/acre. The state’s average barley yield decreased slightly year-over-year to 70.0 bu/acre, while the state average for oat increased 18 bu/acre year-over-year to 77 bu/acre. Acreage of all three commodities remain near historic lows with only 54,000, 87,000, and 1.3 million acres of barley, oats, and spring wheat harvested, respectively.

The US Wheat Associate Regional HRSW Quality Report has not been released at press time. But based on my impressions, the quality of the 2023 crop is excellent with excellent test weight and higher than usual grain protein content.

Introduction Successful small grain production begins with selection and Crookston. In addition to these seven MAES locations, of the best varieties for a particular farm or field. For trials are also planted at the Magnusson Research Farm near that reason, varieties are compared in trial plots on the Roseau and with nine farmer cooperators. The trials are Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES) sites at handled so factors affecting yield and performance are as St. Paul, Becker, Waseca, Lamberton, Morris, Grand Rapids, close to uniform for all entries at each location as possible.

Page 52 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Variety Classifications Varieties are listed in the tables alphabetically. Seed of tested varieties can be eligible for certification, and use of certified seed is encouraged. However, certification does not imply a recommendation. The intellectual property rights of the breeders or owners of the variety are listed as either PVP, PVP(pending), PVP(94), patent, or none. PVP protection means that the a variety is protected under the Plant Variety Protection Act for a period of 20 years, while PVP(94) means that the variety is protected for 20 years with the additional stipulation that seed of the variety can only be sold as registered and certified classes of seed.

PVP(pending) indicates that the PVP application has been

made and that you should consider the variety to have the same intellectual property rights as those provided by PVP(94). The designation of ‘Patent’ means that the variety is protected by a utility patent and that farm-saved seed may be prohibited by the patent holder. The designation ‘None’ means that the breeder or owner never requested any intellectual property protection or that legal protection has expired. Registered and certified seed is available from seed dealers or from growers listed in the ‘Minnesota Crop Improvement Association 2023 Directory’, available through the Minnesota Crop Improvement Association office or online at http://www.mncia.org

Interpretation of the Data The presented data are the preliminary variety trial any two varieties is due to true, genetic differences between information for single (2023) and multiple year (2021-2023) the varieties or due to experimental error. If the difference in comparisons in Minnesota. The yields are reported as a yield between two varieties equals or exceeds the LSD value, percentage of the location mean, with the overall mean (bu/ the higher yielding one was indeed superior in yield. If the acre) listed below. Two-year and especially one-year data difference is less, the yield difference may have been due to are less reliable and should be interpreted with caution. In chance rather than genetic differences, and we are unable to contrast, averages across multiple environments, whether they differentiate the two varieties. The 5% or 10% unit indicates that, with either 95% or 90% confidence, the observed are different years and/or locations, provide a more reliable estimate of mean performance and are more predictive of difference is indeed a true difference in performance. what you may expect from the variety the next growing season. Lowering this confidence level will allow more varieties to appear different from each other, but also increases the The least significant difference or LSD is a statistical method to determine whether the observed yield difference between chances that false conclusions are drawn.

The Authors and Contributors This report is written, compiled, and edited by Dr. Jochum Wiersma, Small Grains Specialist. The contributing authors/ principal investigators are: Dr. James Anderson, Wheat Breeder, Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, St. Paul.

Dr. Kevin Smith, Barley Breeder, Department of Agronomy & Plant Genetics, St. Paul.

Dr. Ruth Dill‐Macky, Plant Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul.

Dr. James Kolmer, USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul.

We know you’re busy farming and raising a family, so we’re at the table when you can’t be. Advocating for corn farmers and reaching out to consumers, policymakers, and more. Our strength is in our members.

Dr. Matt Rouse, USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul.

Dr. Brian Steffenson, Plant Pathologist, Department of Plant Pathology, St. Paul.

Dr. Yue Jin, USDA-ARS, Cereal Disease Laboratory, St. Paul.

Karen Beaubien, Matt Bickell, Sergio Cabello Leiva, Fernando de Paula Alberto, Danielle Fiebelkorn-Wrucke, Dave Grafstrom, Tom Hoverstad, Michael Leiseth, Alaina Mousel, Steve Quiring, Susan Reynolds, Edward Schiefelbein, Nathan Stuart, and Donn Vellekson supervised fieldwork at the various sites. Special thanks are also due to all cooperating producers.

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November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 53

Spring Wheat James Anderson, Jochum Wiersma, Susan Reynolds, Nathan Stuart, Danielle Fiebelkorn-Wrucke, Fernando de Paula Alberto, Ruth Dill-Macky, James Kolmer, Matt Rouse, and Yue Jin. MN-Torgy and WB9590 traded places for first and second place in spring wheat acreage in Minnesota with WB9590 being the most widely grown variety with 24% acres across the state this year. WB9590 remained the most widely grown variety in northwest Minnesota with nearly 28% of the acres; a 5% increase year-over-year. MN-Torgy maintained its share of the acreage in the west central portion of the state but saw its acreage slip nearly 4% in northwest Minnesota. The experience of the slow dry down during the late harvest in 2022 likely was a contributing factor to this decrease. SY Valda maintained its third place ranking with 9% of the acreage. MN-Rothsay and Linkert rounded up the top five varieties with 6.2% and 6.0% of the state’s 1.3 million acres of spring wheat.

First-time entrants in the 2023 trials were CP3322, LCS Boom, and TCG-Teddy. PFS Buns was first tested in 2021. WestBred did not enter any HRSW varieties in the University of Minnesota variety trial system. WB9479, WB9590, however, were included in the testing in 2023 as they each occupied more than 5% of the acreage in 2022.

The results of the variety performance evaluations for spring wheat are summarized in Tables 1 through 6. The varietal characteristics are presented in Tables 1 through 3.

Tables 4, 5, and 6 present the relative grain yield of tested varieties in 1, 2, and 3-year comparisons. The average yield across the six southern testing locations was 78 bu/ acre in 2023. This average compares to a southern average of 60 bu/acre in 2022 and a three-year average of 64 bu/ acre. The seven northern locations averaged 95 bu/acre in 2023 compared to 77 bu/acre last year and 84 bu/acre for the three-year average. The cooler than normal conditions during the grain fill period favored later maturing varieties for grain yield, with CP3099A taking over the top spot from LCS Trigger in both single and the multiple year comparisons. These very high yielding cultivars also have the lowest average grain protein. Variety selection is one approach to avoid discounts for low protein with N fertility management remaining paramount to maximize grain yield and grain protein.

Varieties with a lodging score of 2 and 3 are considered exceptionally good and will only lodge in extreme cases, while varieties with a rating of 4 or 5 have adequate straw strength most years. Increasing seeding rates generally increases the risk of lodging for all but the strongest and shortest semi-dwarf HRSW varieties. Conversely, lower

Page 54 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

seeding rates will lower the risk of lodging, but commonly results in lower grain yield potential. AP Smith and Linkert continue to be rated superior for straw strength with a rating of 2. MS-Washburn and MN-Rothsay continue to be the only public releases with a lodging rating of 3. Private releases that have a 3 rating for lodging include CAG Recoil, LCS Dual, and all entries in the variety trials from 21st Century Genetics (TCG) and WestBred.

Varieties with disease ratings of 4 or lower are considered the best defense against a particular disease. Varieties that are rated 7 or higher are likely to suffer significant economic losses under even moderate disease pressure.

The foliar disease rating represents the total complex of leaf diseases other than the rusts, and includes the Septoria complex and tan spot. Although varieties may differ from their response to each of those diseases, the rating does not differentiate among them. Therefore, the rating should be used as a general indication and only for varietal selection in areas where these diseases historically have been a problem or if the previous crop is wheat or barley. Control of leaf diseases with fungicides may be warranted, even for those varieties with an above average rating.

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) cannot be controlled with fungicides. Selection of more resistant varieties is the only recommended practice at this time if you have a history of problems with this disease. Ascend-SD, Brawn-SD, CAG Reckless, CAG Recoil, CP3530, CP3915, Driver, DynaGro Ballistic, LCS Trigger, MN-Torgy, MN-Washburn, ND Frohberg, PFS Buns, SY Longmire, and TCG-Spitfire provide the best resistance against BLS. Ascend-SD, LCS Boom, LCS Buster, LCS Trigger, MN-Torgy, ND Heron, and SY 611 CL2 provide the best resistance against FHB while another twelve varieties have a rating of 4 for FHB. Combined, this group of varieties includes some of the top yielders and varieties with higher grain protein.

EDITOR’S NOTE A complete report of the 2023 Wheat, Barley, and Oats Variety Performance in Minnesota will be available in Minnesota Wheat’s Research Review at Prairie Grains Conference.

Table 1. Origin and agronomic characteristics of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2023) and multipleyear comparisons.

Table 1. Origin and agronomic characteristics of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2023) and multipleyear comparisons.

1

Entry 5

AP Gunsmoke CL2 Entry 5 AP AP Murdock Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock Smith AP Ascend-SD AP Smith Brawn-SD Ascend-SD CAG Justify Brawn-SD

CAG Justify Reckless CAG CAG Reckless Recoil CAG CP3099A CAG Recoil CP3188 CP3099A CP3322 CP3188 CP3530 CP3322 CP3915 CP3530 Driver CP3915

Dyna-Gro Ambush Driver Dyna-Gro Ambush Ballistic Dyna-Gro

Dyna-Gro Commander Dyna-Gro Ballistic LCS AscentCommander Dyna-Gro LCS Ascent Boom LCS LCS Boom Buster LCS

LCS Buster Cannon LCS LCS Cannon Dual LCS LCS Dual Trigger LCS Linkert LCS Trigger

MN-Rothsay Linkert MN-Torgy MN-Rothsay

MN-Washburn MN-Torgy MS Charger MN-Washburn MS Charger Cobra MS MS Cobra Ranchero MS ND Ranchero Frohberg MS ND Frohberg Heron ND PFSHeron Buns ND Shelly PFS Buns

SY 611 CL25 Shelly 6 SY Longmire SY 611 CL25

SY SY Valda Longmire 6 TCG-Heartland SY Valda TCG-Spitfire TCG-Heartland TCG-Teddy TCG-Spitfire TCG-Wildcat TCG-Teddy WB9479 TCG-Wildcat WB9590 WB9479

Origin

Legal Status

1 2021 AgriPro/Syngenta

PVP (94) Legal Status PVP PVP (94) (94) PVP PVP (94) (94)

Origin 2020 2021 AgriPro/Syngenta AgriPro/Syngenta 2021 2020 AgriPro/Syngenta AgriPro/Syngenta 2021 2021 SDSU AgriPro/Syngenta 2022 2021 SDSU SDSU

2021 Alliance Group 2022 Champions SDSU 2021 2021 Champions Champions Alliance Alliance Group Group 2024 2021 Champions Champions Alliance Alliance Group Group 2020 2024 CROPLAN Champions Alliance Group 2020 2020 CROPLAN CROPLAN 2023 2020 CROPLAN CROPLAN 2019 2023 CROPLAN CROPLAN 2021 2019 CROPLAN CROPLAN

2019 2021 SDSU CROPLAN 2017 2019 Dyna-Gro SDSU

2018 2017 Dyna-Gro Dyna-Gro 2019 2018 Dyna-Gro Dyna-Gro

2022 2019 Limagrain Dyna-Gro Cereal Seeds 2023 2022 Limagrain Limagrain Cereal Cereal Seeds Seeds 2020 2023 Limagrain Limagrain Cereal Cereal Seeds Seeds 2018 2020 Limagrain Limagrain Cereal Cereal Seeds Seeds 2021 2018 Limagrain Limagrain Cereal Cereal Seeds Seeds 2016 2021 Limagrain Limagrain Cereal Cereal Seeds Seeds 2013 2016 MN Limagrain Cereal Seeds 2022 2013 MN MN 2020 2022 MN MN 2019 2020 MN MN

2023 Seeds 2019 Meridian MN 2022 2023 Meridian Meridian Seeds Seeds 2020 2022 Meridian Meridian Seeds Seeds 2020 2020 NDSU Meridian Seeds

2021 2020 NDSU NDSU 2021 Farm Seeds 2021 Peterson NDSU

2016 2021 MN Peterson Farm Seeds 2019 2016 AgriPro/Syngenta MN

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) (pending)

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) (pending)

2017 2020 WestBred 21st Century Genetics 2017 2017 WestBred WestBred

Strength Straw 4 5 Strength

71.8 64.1 69.0 71.8

5 2 5 5

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

54.3 52.2 52.8 54.3

1.3 1.2 1.5 1.3

52.1 53.2 55.9 52.1

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending)

1.5 1.3 1.5 1.5

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) (pending)

1.5 1.5 1.3 1.5

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending)

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94)

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) PVP PVP (94) (94)

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) PVP PVP (94) (94) pending

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) pending PVP PVP (94) (94)

1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) pending PVP PVP (94) (94) pending

1.4 1.2 1.3 1.4

PVP PVP (94) (94) PVP PVP (94) (94)

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending)

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94)

Patented PVP (94) PVP (94), Patent pending Patented

Inches Height 67.5 3 Inches

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

Patented PVP (94) (pending) PVP (94) (pending) Patented

2022 2016 21st 21st Century Century Genetics Genetics 2020 2022 21st 21st Century Century Genetics Genetics

2019 Century Genetics 2015 21st AgriPro/Syngenta 2016 2019 21st 21st Century Century Genetics Genetics

Height

3

1.3 1.5 1.3 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) (pending)

PVP (94) (94) PVP PVP PVP (94) (94)

Days to

2

1.3 1.3 1.2 1.3

PVP PVP (94) (94) (pending) PVP PVP (94) (94)

2019 AgriPro/Syngenta AgriPro/Syngenta 2019 2015 2019 AgriPro/Syngenta AgriPro/Syngenta

Desired Stand

(Plants/Acre) Desired Stand Heading Days to 2 1.3 50.9 3 (Plants/Acre) Heading 1.3 52.2 1.3 50.9

1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3

1.3 1.3 1.6 1.3

PVP PVP (94), (94) Patented PVP PVP (94) (94), Patented

1.5 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.3 1.5

Patented, (94) PVP (94), PVP Patent pending Patented, Patented, PVP PVP (94) (94)

1.3 1.3

51.2 52.8 53.2 51.2

56.4 55.9 52.4 56.4 55.6 52.4 53.1 55.6 52.4 53.1 51.7 52.4 49.8 51.7 52.6 49.8 50.1 52.6 49.6 50.1 48.9 49.6 55.3 48.9 48.4 55.3 50.3 48.4 56.0 50.3 50.6 56.0 53.7 50.6 53.0 53.7 53.6 53.0 50.4 53.6 50.4 50.4 55.4 50.4 51.9 55.4 49.2 51.9 57.6 49.2 54.4 57.6 51.0 54.4 52.8 51.0

52.1 52.8 49.3 52.1 54.0 49.3 52.3 54.0 51.6 52.3 50.2 51.6 50.6 50.2

3

63.9 67.5 64.1 63.9

68.7 69.0 73.1 68.7 68.0 73.1 74.9 68.0 69.6 74.9 66.8 69.6 73.0 66.8 69.6 73.0 72.7 69.6 69.1 72.7 72.2 69.1 69.5 72.2 69.3 69.5 64.7 69.3 71.9 64.7 65.1 71.9 71.6 65.1 71.6 71.6 64.8 71.6 63.4 64.8 67.9 63.4 66.3 67.9 66.3 66.3 67.5 66.3 72.8 67.5 73.4 72.8 68.5 73.4 64.5 68.5 64.8 64.5 66.4 64.8 67.1 66.4 67.9 67.1 62.6 67.9 67.5 62.6 61.0 67.5 69.1 61.0 61.8 69.1 60.2 61.8

Straw 4

5 5 2 5

5 5 5 5 3 5 4 3

6 4 3–4 6 6 3–4 4 6 4 4 5 4 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 5 4 4 5 3 4 5 3 2 5 3 2 4 3 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 4 5 6 5 5 4 5 5 4 4 5 4 4

5 4 3 5

3 3 3–4 3 3 3–4 3 3 3 3

WB9590 2017 WestBred Patented, PVP (94) 1.3 50.6 60.2 3 Mean 52.3 67.6 Abbreviations: MN = Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; NDSU = North Dakota Foundation; SDSU = South Dakota Agricultural Abbreviations: MN = Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; NDSU = State NorthUniversity Dakota Research State University Research Foundation; SDSU = South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Mean 52.3 67.6 Station Experiment Station 1 2 Abbreviations: MN = Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station; NDSU = North Dakota State University Research Foundation; SDSU = South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Our standard seeding rate is designed to achieve a desired stand of 1.3 million plants/acre, assuming a 20% stand loss and adjusting for the germination percentage and seed 2 Our standard seeding rate is designed to achieve a desired stand of 1.3 million plants/acre, assuming a 10% stand loss and adjusting for the germination percentage and Station weight of each variety.

2seed weight of each variety.rate

Our standard seeding is designed to achieve a desired stand of 1.3 million plants/acre, assuming a 20% stand loss and adjusting for the germination percentage and seed 3 2023 data weight of from eachCrookston, variety. St. Paul, and Waseca 11

4

1-9 scale in which 1 is the strongest straw and 9 is the weakest. Based on 2014-2022 data. The rating of newer entries may change by as much as one rating point as more data are collected.

5

AP Gunsmoke CL2 and SY 611 CL2 have tolerance to Beyond® herbicide.

6

SY Longmire has solid stems.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 55

Table 2. Grain quality of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2023) and multiple-year comparisons.

Test Weight (lb/Bu) Entry

2023

1

Protein (%)

Baking

Pre-Harvest

2 yr

2023

2 yr

Quality 2

Sprouting3

AP Gunsmoke CL2

61.0

59.9

14.7

15.2

5

2

AP Murdock

60.0

59.7

14.1

14.2

5

1

AP Smith

61.2

60.0

14.5

15.0

3

3

Ascend-SD

61.5

60.3

14.0

14.6

5

4

Brawn-SD

62.4

61.4

12.9

13.5

–

1

CAG Justify

58.8

58.5

13.0

13.4

7

3

CAG Reckless

61.7

60.8

14.1

14.6

3

4

CAG Recoil

59.8

59.5

13.9

14.2

–

1

CP3099A

59.2

58.1

11.7

12.4

6

1

CP3188

59.6

58.4

12.6

13.2

6

1

CP3322

59.7

–

12.9

–

–

2

CP3530

60.9

60.2

14.2

14.7

3

1

CP3915

61.4

60.2

14.2

14.7

4

1

Driver

61.7

61.1

14.0

14.4

6

2

Dyna-Gro Ambush

62.0

60.3

14.4

14.4

2

3

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

60.4

60.3

13.2

14.1

5

3

Dyna-Gro Commander

61.4

60.2

14.2

14.7

6

1

LCS Ascent

61.6

60.7

13.7

14.2

–

3

LCS Boom

62.7

–

14.2

–

–

3

LCS Buster

59.3

58.0

11.9

12.2

7

5

LCS Cannon

62.7

61.7

14.2

14.5

4

3

LCS Dual

61.4

60.3

13.6

14.1

–

2

LCS Trigger

60.9

60.2

12.2

12.6

7

1

Linkert

61.8

60.9

15.2

15.4

1

1

MN-Rothsay

61.5

60.5

14.0

14.4

5

2

MN-Torgy

61.7

60.6

14.4

14.7

4

1

MN-Washburn

61.3

60.1

13.9

14.3

3

1

MS Charger

61.0

60.0

12.8

13.2

–

1

MS Cobra

61.7

60.3

14.2

14.6

3

4

MS Ranchero

59.3

58.1

13.5

14.2

6

4

ND Frohberg

61.3

60.6

14.1

14.6

3

4

ND Heron

62.3

61.4

14.8

15.1

–

2

PFS Buns

58.7

–

13.0

–

–

4

Shelly

61.3

60.1

13.4

14.0

5

1

SY 611 CL2

61.8

60.4

14.3

14.7

6

2

SY Longmire

61.1

59.6

14.2

15.0

3

3

SY Valda

61.2

60.1

13.8

14.2

6

2

TCG-Heartland

61.6

60.4

15.2

15.4

2

1

TCG-Spitfire

60.4

59.3

13.9

14.1

3

4

TCG-Teddy

60.8

–

14.1

–

–

1

TCG-Wildcat

61.6

60.8

14.4

14.8

4

1

WB9479

61.5

60.1

15.3

15.7

1

1

WB9590

61.2

60.0

14.9

15.3

4

1

Mean

61.1

60.1

14.0

14.4

No. Environments

10

16

11

17

1

12% moisture basis.

2

2014-2022 crop years, where applicable.

3

1-9 scale in which 1 is best and 9 is worst. Values of 1-2 should be considered as resistant.

Page 56 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Table 3. Disease reactions 1 of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in multiple-year comparisons.

Leaf Rust

Stripe

Stem

Bacterial

Rust

Rust

Leaf Streak

AP Gunsmoke CL2

3

–

1

8

7

5

AP Murdock

3

–

1

4

5

7

AP Smith

6

–

2

4

4

6

Ascend-SD

3

–

1

2–3

6

3

Brawn-SD

1

–

2

3

6

5–6

CAG Justify

3

–

2

4–5

4

4

CAG Reckless

1

–

1

3

5

4

CAG Recoil

2

–

1

2–3

5

7

CP3099A

7

–

8

6–7

4

7

Entry

2

3

4

Other Leaf Diseases

5

Scab

CP3188

3

–

6

6–7

6

5

CP3322

7

–

2

–

3

6–7

CP3530

7

3

1

3

6

4

CP3915

1

–

1

2

4

4

Driver

2

–

1

3

4

4

Dyna-Gro Ambush

4

–

1

4

4

4

Dyna-Gro Ballistic

4

–

3

3

4

5

Dyna-Gro Commander

4

–

1

4

7

5

LCS Ascent

5

–

1

6–7

5

5–6

LCS Boom

3

–

1

–

6

3

LCS Buster

4

–

2

4

3

3

LCS Cannon

4

–

1

5

7

4

LCS Dual

3

–

2

5

5

5

LCS Trigger

1

–

1

2

3

3

Linkert

3

1

1

4

5

5

MN-Rothsay

4

–

1

4

3

4

MN-Torgy

3

–

1

3

4

3

MN-Washburn

1

2

1

3

4

4

MS Charger

4

–

2

5–6

6

5–6

MS Cobra

1

–

1

4–5

4

5

MS Ranchero

4

–

1

6

3

4

ND Frohberg

2

–

1

3

5

5

ND Heron

5

–

1

6

4

3–4

PFS Buns

5

–

1

2–3

3

6

Shelly

5

1

1

6

4

4

SY 611 CL2

5

–

5

4

4

3

SY Longmire

5

–

1

3

5

7

SY Valda

4

2

1

4

5

4

TCG-Heartland

3

–

2

5

6

7

TCG-Spitfire

4

–

1

3

4

6

TCG-Teddy

2

–

1

–

7

5–6

TCG-Wildcat

4

–

3

6

7

7

WB9479

5

–

1

6

5

7

WB9590

5

–

2

6

6

7

1 2

1-9 scale where 1=most resistant, 9=most susceptible.

Based on natural infections in 2015 at Kimball, Lamberton, and Waseca.

3

Stem rust levels have been very low in production fields in recent years, even on susceptible varieties.

4

Bacterial leaf streak symptoms are highly variable from one environment to the next. The rating of entries may change as more data is collected.

5

Combined rating of tan spot and septoria.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 57

Table 4. Relative grain yield of hard red spring wheat varieties in northern Minnesota locations in Table 4. Relative (2023) grain yieldand of hard red spring wheat varieties in northern Minnesota locations in single-year (2023) and multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023). single-year multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023).

Entry AP Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock AP Smith Ascend-SD Brawn-SD CAG Justify CAG Reckless CAG Recoil CP3099A CP3188 CP3322 CP3530 CP3915 Driver Dyna-Gro Ambush Dyna-Gro Ballistic Dyna-Gro Commander LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Trigger Linkert MN-Rothsay MN-Torgy MN-Washburn MS Charger MS Cobra MS Ranchero ND Frohberg ND Heron PFS Buns Shelly SY 611 CL2 SY Longmire SY Valda TCG-Heartland TCG-Spitfire TCG-Teddy TCG-Wildcat WB9479 WB9590

2023 87 91 106 94 96 98 96 99 117 104 103 84 107 96 100 120 116 105 80 118 98 98 109 85 113 99 102 113 97 102 92 85 118 101 103 98 100 94 106 106 104 105 108

Crookston 2 Yr 90 99 103 97 101 97 93 102 117 104 – 90 101 100 96 108 108 101 – 115 97 100 110 92 109 102 101 114 99 93 90 89 – 101 100 96 95 94 106 – 106 102 103

3 Yr 95 98 102 96 – 95 98 – 110 106 – 87 98 100 101 106 107 – – 109 95 – 107 97 112 103 99 99 101 97 – – 100 98 95 95 96 104 – 102 101 103

2023 98 94 102 100 108 103 104 100 116 106 119 98 98 102 101 115 96 107 96 109 97 100 109 86 103 105 98 104 93 117 97 90 111 108 93 96 99 92 106 98 94 86 89

Fergus Falls 2 Yr 101 92 97 107 109 102 100 101 116 98 – 96 98 105 103 110 92 101 – 110 97 102 109 86 101 103 107 107 92 114 96 94 – 108 101 95 103 93 104 – 92 88 98

3 Yr 100 91 100 106 – 105 102 – 118 101 – 97 97 106 104 109 94 – – 109 95 – 105 88 101 101 101 98 108 96 – – 108 105 97 101 92 108 – 96 89 99

2023 103 93 93 101 96 112 107 93 98 105 113 103 100 108 96 112 96 97 98 115 99 88 111 91 105 99 100 105 96 101 91 92 111 110 103 97 107 89 102 99 96 94 103

Hallock 2 Yr 101 92 93 101 100 113 105 95 105 99 – 106 99 106 102 107 97 101 – 114 94 95 113 90 109 102 100 106 97 105 94 93 – 109 99 97 108 89 99 – 97 95 103

3 Yr 101 91 94 101 – 112 104 – 107 100 – 102 101 104 100 105 96 – – 111 96 – 110 93 106 101 100 98 104 92 – – 107 100 97 107 90 101 – 98 94 100

2023 93 94 94 104 97 119 104 95 118 105 105 111 91 96 96 101 99 96 103 112 102 101 121 94 89 100 95 103 102 99 98 100 101 97 102 97 111 95 111 98 105 104 102

Oklee 2 Yr 97 98 104 99 103 110 100 94 120 102 – 105 95 101 103 99 99 99 – 110 101 94 120 92 96 93 89 106 101 97 93 100 – 97 104 95 109 94 107 – 102 100 104

3 Yr 100 94 104 102 – 109 101 – 126 103 – 101 94 106 99 103 98 – – 110 101 – 115 88 99 93 91 97 98 96 – – 99 104 96 109 94 103 – 102 99 100

Mean (Bu/Acre) LSD (0.10)

95.9 16.4

93.6 10.8

81.4 12.3

75.5 4.5

79.1 8.8

77.8 8.1

114.0 7.0

98.0 9.1

89.7 7.5

103.5 10.8

87.6 12.0

81.6 10.5

1

2023 Roseau was abandoned due to hail. 2 yr data is 2021 & 2022.

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3 Yr 100 94 104 102 – 109 101 – 126 103 – 101 94 106 99 103 98 – – 110 101 – 115 88 99 93 91 97 98 96 – – 99 104 96 109 94 103 – 102 99 100

2023 97 102 95 105 110 107 93 96 124 108 114 102 88 91 98 103 94 103 97 116 95 106 111 90 100 100 102 101 96 106 103 95 113 100 102 96 105 95 104 105 101 92 98

Perley 2 Yr 89 109 99 103 110 104 95 104 114 101 – 102 96 98 96 95 100 97 – 111 99 104 117 90 103 101 102 101 95 98 96 91 – 101 107 97 109 95 107 – 101 94 96

3 Yr 95 105 99 101 – 105 97 – 110 103 – 100 97 101 98 96 100 – – 110 101 – 113 89 105 102 101 97 99 96 – – 98 104 97 105 90 110 – 103 96 97

Roseau1 2 Yr 100 98 92 107 – 109 105 – 114 106 – 110 95 107 102 98 101 – – 100 109 – 104 89 103 97 98 100 100 101 – – 106 103 89 104 89 94 – 104 91 101

2023 109 86 95 99 99 114 92 95 123 105 105 106 96 94 105 115 96 101 89 113 96 99 103 91 110 96 100 109 103 95 86 98 97 107 97 96 104 93 104 95 92 89 103

Stephen 2 Yr 101 97 96 107 103 109 97 96 114 101 – 106 99 96 108 110 97 102 – 110 99 99 106 91 109 105 102 103 99 91 84 96 – 105 99 95 105 92 104 – 98 92 100

3 Yr 102 95 98 106 – 108 100 – 116 104 – 106 96 98 103 109 97 – – 109 102 – 107 94 107 104 99 98 91 87 – – 105 98 98 106 91 105 – 96 91 97

2023 106 90 93 101 101 120 107 81 118 117 99 100 94 105 103 108 115 98 107 109 104 109 108 93 98 100 98 108 107 75 104 111 93 97 94 103 97 94 94 97 104 89 101

Strathcona 2 Yr 103 101 92 110 97 117 105 88 116 110 – 105 105 103 104 105 107 101 – 104 103 103 111 91 99 96 99 108 99 91 96 101 – 101 95 102 96 86 92 – 104 97 102

3 Yr 104 99 95 105 – 111 104 – 110 108 – 103 103 102 104 103 108 – – 102 104 – 107 92 99 97 97 100 93 97 – – 101 97 101 97 89 95 – 105 98 101

81.6 10.5

103.8 6.7

100.3 11.4

95.4 9.3

86.4 8.3

98.1 10.9

94.3 10.4

85.7 8.9

79.4 6.4

82.2 12.6

75.5 10.7

Table 5. Relative grain yield of hard red spring wheat varieties in southern Minnesota locations in a Table 5. Relative grain yield of hard red spring wheat varieties in southern Minnesota locations in single-year (2023) and multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023). single-year (2023) and multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023).

Entry AP Gunsmoke CL2 AP Murdock AP Smith Ascend-SD Brawn-SD CAG Justify CAG Reckless CAG Recoil CP3099A CP3188 CP3322 CP3530 CP3915 Driver Dyna-Gro Ambush Dyna-Gro Ballistic Dyna-Gro Commander LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Trigger Linkert MN-Rothsay MN-Torgy MN-Washburn MS Charger MS Cobra MS Ranchero ND Frohberg ND Heron PFS Buns Shelly SY 611 CL2 SY Longmire SY Valda TCG-Heartland TCG-Spitfire TCG-Teddy TCG-Wildcat WB9479 WB9590

2023 109 82 102 106 110 103 99 98 107 109 108 104 94 94 105 114 104 105 100 108 99 95 90 94 95 103 104 107 98 96 96 103 83 101 94 101 96 105 102 105 106 87 99

Becker 2 Yr 106 87 101 112 111 102 104 86 100 103 – 99 96 99 105 102 99 108 – 106 109 105 93 97 97 104 99 114 103 89 98 104 – 95 103 88 97 102 106 – 109 92 101

3 Yr 106 92 99 111 – 99 110 – 101 105 – 99 100 101 103 106 103 – – 112 108 – 99 98 101 105 98 102 90 100 – – 96 104 94 97 100 107 – 109 92 98

Benson1 2023 2 Yr 93 94 92 91 97 100 98 102 103 – 108 110 102 101 98 – 109 111 109 110 102 – 101 101 96 97 101 104 96 99 109 104 98 103 100 – 94 – 105 105 95 102 99 – 104 105 94 94 103 104 101 102 94 95 108 105 101 105 108 98 103 91 – 112 – 101 102 102 104 98 99 104 101 92 91 105 107 106 – 99 98 88 91 94 95

Le Center 2023 2 Yr 3 Yr 101 100 103 98 101 98 98 99 100 118 113 109 113 113 – 108 107 101 104 101 99 101 105 – 115 114 106 118 111 111 106 – – 96 102 104 93 94 94 103 104 102 96 102 104 103 102 102 98 98 100 96 100 – 96 – – 101 105 103 93 96 100 105 102 – 101 106 109 88 90 93 103 99 99 106 105 105 99 100 100 105 107 98 99 100 105 99 100 91 91 94 92 92 – 113 – – 101 100 101 93 95 95 102 100 98 98 105 105 96 98 98 109 112 110 101 – – 97 101 101 90 93 96 89 94 96

Lamberton 2023 2 Yr 3 Yr 82 96 99 102 101 100 100 99 100 110 110 109 105 107 – 88 100 99 118 114 109 104 99 – 122 119 119 81 85 96 108 – – 98 99 99 106 106 104 77 90 99 104 107 103 101 103 101 99 95 95 92 95 – 98 – – 109 107 105 77 90 93 100 103 – 121 116 116 91 93 93 93 90 90 95 100 98 114 109 105 99 105 95 98 99 99 91 92 105 101 100 81 86 – 112 – – 96 102 102 109 103 103 112 101 103 104 102 103 96 92 93 112 111 113 102 – – 121 114 113 98 98 94 98 93 97

Mean (Bu/Acre) LSD (0.10)

62.0 13.4

61.2 13.1

54.5 11.4

96.8 6.3

89.7 10.7

74.3 10.9

78.7 7.6

85.4 8.9

80.7 8.7

67.4 15.3

65.1 12.4

Morris2 2 Yr 110 102 98 123 – 129 109 – 114 118 – 100 92 107 87 105 103 – – 96 92 – 117 92 97 97 104 93 78 102 – – 102 95 100 99 86 105 – 113 89 91

2023 106 84 94 103 128 99 120 87 111 84 98 96 118 105 105 120 100 119 112 112 91 104 114 90 99 106 109 94 109 79 110 103 77 106 90 98 89 99 108 94 106 94 104

St. Paul 2 Yr 105 81 93 99 121 103 115 86 101 89 – 100 115 112 103 115 103 116 – 105 112 100 106 98 93 85 103 106 111 77 109 110 – 105 95 97 100 101 107 – 98 98 106

3 Yr 100 90 97 100 – 104 113 – 98 94 – 101 104 109 107 106 108 – – 106 112 – 110 99 97 93 103 112 85 107 – – 109 93 86 100 98 103 – 101 96 103

Waseca 3 2023 2 Yr 99 99 85 93 102 102 105 111 115 115 108 110 98 98 102 102 134 127 101 100 105 – 89 95 94 91 104 101 92 98 115 111 105 107 102 100 83 – 122 118 94 99 97 104 121 119 87 88 101 104 102 102 96 92 103 107 98 99 94 89 91 95 89 92 127 – 111 106 98 100 103 95 99 101 89 94 111 110 96 – 97 99 82 89 90 93

56.4 20.4

56.7 17.5

55.3 16.8

53.0 15.7

80.6 9.8

1

2022 Benson was abandoned due to early season flooding. 2 year data is 2021 & 2023.

2

2023 Morris was not seeded. 2 year data is 2021 & 2022.

3

2021 Waseca was discarded due to excessive within trial variation. 2 year is 2022 & 2023.

59.5 17.0

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 59

Table 6. Relative grain yield of hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in singleyear (2023) and multiple-year (2021-2023).

Table 6. Relative grain yield of comparisons hard red spring wheat varieties in Minnesota in singleyear (2023) and multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023).

State Entry AP Gunsmoke CL2 Entry Murdock CL2 AP Gunsmoke

2023 State 2 Yr 98 2023 2 99 Yr 92 97 98 99

North 3 Yr

2023 North 2 Yr

South 3 Yr

3 100 Yr 96 100

99 2023 9993

98 2 Yr 9899

99 3 Yr 9996

2023South 2 Yr 3 Yr 93 2 Yr 101 3 Yr 101 2023 93 93 10195 10195

Smith AP Murdock Ascend-SD AP Smith Brawn-SD Ascend-SD

98 92 103 98

98 97 106 98

99 96 105 99

9397 101 97

9997 104 97

9698 98103

93 99 99104

95 98 98110

95 99 99109

105 103

107 106

– 105

101 101

103 104

103–

105 104

110112

109 –

Brawn-SD CAG Justify CAG Justify Reckless

105 108 108 103

107 108 108 102

– 106 106 103

101 111 111 100

103 108 108 99

–107 107 101

105 100 100 106

112107 107106

CAG Reckless Recoil CAG Recoil CP3099A

103 96 96 116

102 97 97 113

103 – – 112

100 94 94 116

9997 97 115

101– –114

106 100 100 112

10697 97111

– 106 106105 105 – – 110

CP3322 CP3530 CP3530 CP3915

107 99 99 97

– 101 101 99 99 102

– 100 100 98 98 103

108 101 101 96

–102 102 99 99 102

–100 10098 98103

106 101 10199 99 91

– 100 10099 99102

– 100 10098 98103

10099 99 97 97 107 107 91 91 98 98 106 106 93 93 98 98 100 100 103 103 105 105 100 100 101 101 100 100 91 91

100103 103 – – 107 107 101 101 103 103 108 108 93 93 97 97 99 99 100 100 108 108 101 101 90 90 99 99 95 95

CP3099A CP3188 CP3188 CP3322

CP3915 Driver Driver Dyna-Gro Ambush

Dyna-Gro Dyna-Gro Ambush Ballistic Dyna-Gro Dyna-Gro Ballistic Commander Dyna-Gro Commander LCS Ascent LCS Ascent LCS Boom LCS Boom LCS Buster LCS Buster LCS Cannon LCS Cannon LCS Dual LCS Dual LCS Trigger LCS Trigger Linkert Linkert MN-Rothsay MN-Rothsay MN-Torgy MN-Torgy MN-Washburn MN-Washburn MS Charger MS Charger MS Cobra MS Cobra MS Ranchero MS Ranchero ND Frohberg ND Frohberg ND Heron Heron ND

PFS Buns Buns PFS Shelly Shelly

SY 611 611 CL2 CL2 SY SY Longmire SY Longmire

SY Valda Valda SY TCG-Heartland TCG-Heartland TCG-Spitfire TCG-Spitfire TCG-Teddy TCG-Teddy

116 105 105 107

97 98 98 99

99 110 110 101 101 101 101 96 96 112 112 96 96 100 100 110 110 90 90 101 101 101 101 100 100 105 105 100 100 99 99 96 96 94 94

107 107 103 103 99 99 99 99

102 102 94 94

105 105 100 100

113 102 102 –

102 102 102 105 105 100 100 102 102 – – 109 109 100 100 100 100 111 111 91 91 101 101 100 100 100 100 107 107 99 99 95 95 95 95 95 95 –– 103 103 101 101 96 96 103 103 93 93 105 105

WB9590 WB9590

98 98

–– 102 102 94 94 99 99

Mean (Bu/Acre) (Bu/Acre) LSD (0.10) (0.10) No. Environments Environments

86.5 86.5 3.4 3.4 13 13

80.2 80.2 3.3 3.3 26 26

TCG-Wildcat TCG-Wildcat WB9479 WB9479

101 101 93 93

112 104 104 –

103 101 101 104 104 101 101 – – – – 107 107 100 100 – – 109 109 92 92 102 102 100 100 99 99 99 99 97 97 97 97 –– –– 103 103

100 100 97 97 102 102 93 93 105 105 ––

102 102 94 94

116 107 107 108

9699 99 100

100 110 110 101 101 101 101 96 96 113 113 99 99 100 100 111 111 90 90 103 103 100 100 99 99 106 106 99 99 99 99 96 96 9696

106 106 103 103 100 100 9797 104 104 9393

104 104 100 100 100 100 9595

115 103 103–

102 101 101 104 104 100 100 101 101 – – 110 110 99 99 99 99 112 112 90 90 104 104 100 100 99 99 106 106 97 97 98 98 93 93 9595 –– 104 104

101 101 9696 103 103 9191 102 102 ––

100 100 9595

114 104 104–

103 101 101 104 104 100 100– – – – 108 108 100 100 – – 109 109 91 91 104 104 100 100 98 98 98 98 99 99 95 95 – – – – 103 103

101 101 9797 103 103 9191 103 103 – –

101 101 9595

112 100 100 106

91101 101 108 108 100

104 104 99 99 102 102 103 103 102 102 97 97

106 106 105 105 108 108 91 91

111101 101 –

102102 102106 106100

– – 101101 100100 96 96

110105 105 –

103101 101104 104102 102 –

– – – 106 106 101 101 – – 110 110 94 94 99 99 101 101 100 100 101 101 93 93 100 100 – – – – 102102 99 99 97 97

102102 96 96

101101 95 95

105105 93 93

105105 93 93

109109 – –

98 98

101 101

101 101

9999

98 98

75.2 75.2 2.8 2.8 41 41

94.9 94.9 4.3 4.3 77

90.2 90.2 4.1 4.1 1414

84.1 84.1 3.4 3.4 2323

77.7 77.7 67.7 67.7 63.8 63.8 5.45.4 5.55.5 4.74.7 6 6 12 12 18 18

Page 60 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

97 97

108108 – –

97 97

Table 7. Agronomic characteristics of malting barley varieties, 2021-2023. Year of

1.

2.

3.

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC), Anheuser-Busch InBev (ABI), Cornell University (COR), North Dakota State University (ND), Secobra (SEC), University of Minnesota (MN) Excelsior Gold and Explorer evaluated in 2022 and 2023.

ND Treasure only evaluated in 2023

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For varietal trial information visit: varietytrials.umn.edu The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 61

Table 8. Disease reactions of barley varieties in multiple year comparisons.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

All traits measured on a scale of 0-9 where 0=resistant and 9=susceptible DON data is for 2021 and 2022 Spot Blotch data is for 2020 Net Blotch data is for 2022 and 2023 Excelsior Gold and Explorer evaluated in 2022 and 2023.

ND Treasure only evaluated in 2023.

Table 9. Relative grain yield (percent of the mean of the trial) of barley varieties in northern Minnesota locations in single-year (2023) and multiple year comparisons (2021-2023).

1.

2.

Trial data for Roseau is from 2021 and 2022.

Trial data for Strathcona is from 2021 and 2023.

Page 62 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Table 10. Relative grain yield (percent of the mean of the trial) of barley varieties in southern Minnesota locations in single-year (2023) and multiple year comparisons (2021-2023).

1.

Trial data for New Ulm and Rochester is from 2021 and 2022.

Table 11. Relative grain yield (percent of the mean of the trial) of barley varieties in a single-year (2023) and multiple year comparisons (2021-2023).

2 row

6 row

Variety

2023

State 2yr

3yr

AAC Connect AAC Synergy ABI Cardinal Excelsior Gold Explorer ND Genesis Pinnacle

99 103 102 96 99 101 102

100 103 99 98 .

97 .

103 101

101 101 99

Lacey ND Treasure Quest Rasmusson Robust Tradition

103 100 .

96 106 94 100

99

99

98 106 94 101

105.5 5.4 11

103.1 3.8 24

Mean (Bu/A) LSD (0.10) No. of Environments

.

North 2yr

2023

3yr

2023

99 102 100 96 96 99 106

100 104 100 101 .

95 .

103 103

101 103 101

97

97

97 105 92 100

102 102 .

96 106 95 101

97 104 95 100

95.0 3.2 38

125.9 5.3 6

119.6 4.5 12

103 102

.

South 2yr

3yr

99 103 106 95 104 106 95

100 101 99 95 .

100 .

102 99

101 98 97

101

101

95 103 94 99

104 98 .

94 107 91 98

109.6 3.6 19

81.1 12.1 5

86.7 6.6 12

104 103

100 109 92 103

.

102 101

101 108 90 101 80.3 5.5 19

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 63

Table 12. Origin and agronomic characteristics of oat varieties in Minnesota in multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023).

1.

2.

3.

4.

Straw strength evaluated on a 1-9 scale where 1 = most resistant and 9 = susceptible Entry CS Camden was developed by Lantmannen Seed in Sweden.

Entries ND Carson and ND Spilde were only evaluated in 2023.

Entry Streaker is a hulless oat.

Table 13. Disease characteristics of oat varieties.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Page 64 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

All traits evaluated on a 1-9 scale where 1 = most resistant and 9 = susceptible Crown Rust evaluated in 2022 and 2023; 2021 trial failed due to drought Loose Smut evaluated in 2021, 2022, and 2023 BYDV evaluated in 2021 only Entries ND Carson and ND Spilde were only evaluated in 2023.

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The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 65

Table 14. Relative grain yield of oat varieties in northern Minnesota locations in single-year (2022) and multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023).

1.

2.

Trial data for Roseau is from 2021 and 2022.

Entries ND Carson and ND Spilde were only evaluated in 2023.

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Table 15. Relative grain yield of oat varieties in southern Minnesota locations in single-year (2023) and multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023).

1.

2.

Trial data for Becker and Rochester is from 2021 and 2022.

Entries ND Carson and ND Spilde were only evaluated in 2023.

Table 16. Relative grain yield of oat varieties in Minnesota in single-year (2023) and multiple-year comparisons (2021-2023).

1.

Entries ND Carson and ND Spilde were only evaluated in 2023.

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 67

LIMAGRAIN CEREAL SEEDS 2023 spring wheat data and portfolio review

By Nick Shores LCS Northern Plains Regional Commercial Manager A key focus of the LCS Northern Plains breeding program continues to be understanding the evolving market needs for specific variety attributes — in addition to high yield — including earlier maturity to get to harvest faster and facilitate double cropping, higher protein or a balance of protein and yield to avoid protein discounts, robust tolerance to one or a spectrum of diseases, and grassy weed control, to name a few. Of course, there are acres where a pure yield focus is the best strategy, too.

At LCS, our spring wheat variety portfolio is all about diversity. Our goal is to provide superior genetics for every spring wheat acre.

New LCS Hammer AX was one of the first spring wheat CoAXium varieties available anywhere, and its performance has exceeded expectations.

The CoAXium® Wheat Production System gives growers control over yield-robbing grassy weeds. In addition to a cleaner field, LCS Hammer AX offers trial-topping yield, balanced protein, heavy test weight and good end-use quality. It’s also early maturing to give you a jump on harvest.

New LCS Boom builds on the success of LCS Cannon with very early maturity. If you’re a grower who wants to start wheat harvest early and move on to another crop, both LCS Boom and LCS Cannon will be one of the first varieties to get you in the field.

Both varieties also deliver consistent protein, stable yield, strong straw and a solid disease package. LCS Boom pulls ahead of its genetic predecessor with heavier test weight, stronger bacterial leaf streak tolerance and superior end-use quality.

New LCS Ascent gives Montana and Dakota wheat farmers a good option for top-end yield, high test weight and

stable protein. This fresh release is a real looker, too — it stands tall in the field with beautiful color and picturesque wheat heads.

disease package, providing excellent tolerance to leaf rust, and good tolerance to stem rust, head scab, bacterial leaf streak and tan spot.

New LCS Dual got its name because it delivers a one-two punch of yield and protein — consistent numbers across the board. With a wide area of adaptation, exceptional straw and an excellent disease package, LCS Dual is a reliable performer for growers across the Northern Plains.

LCS Rebel is another tried-and-true performer. This widely adapted variety has the highest protein in our lineup and the most desirable end-use quality. LCS Rebel has been used as a Wheat Council quality check since 2019, making it an industry standard for end users.

For runaway yield, it’s hard to beat LCS Buster. Our latest bin-busting variety has been coming out on top in trials across the region for several years. LCS Buster carries good tolerance to head scab, tan spot, bacterial leaf streak, and stem, leaf and stripe rust. Very strong straw and acceptable end-use quality round out a variety that has become a farmer favorite.

LCS offers a complete range of options to help growers meet their needs and diversify their acres.

As shown in the yield data to the right, our varieties are blockbuster performers — and we have some exciting new experimental varieties in the pipeline that we’re looking forward to bringing to growers in the years to come.

Speaking of yield monsters, LCS Trigger continues to deliver blockbuster yield, year after year. In the UMN South 3-Year trial, LCS Trigger came in at 119% of mean yield. This variety also has a comprehensive

For complete yield, agronomic and disease tolerance data, visit LimagrainCerealSeeds.com/NP. You can also find our varieties in University trials throughout the region.

Page 68 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023 24LCS1059_Prairie Grains Data Advertorial_NovDec23_F.indd 2

10/24/23 8:06 AM

Conventional spring wheat yield performance 2023 Yield

2023 Avg. Yield

Glyndon, MN

Glasgow, MT

Great Falls, MT

Havre, MT

Thompson, ND

AP Murdock

37.7

63.4

22.9

37.6

18.3

46.1

Bolles

33.1

68.4

9.5

31.5

13.5

42.6

Duclair

40.7

64.1

29.8

46.0

20.9

42.4

LCS Ascent

40.9

68.1

19.2

48.4

19.3

49.7

LCS Boom

40.2

64.0

20.6

48.1

21.5

46.7

LCS Buster

44.4

81.8

18.8

35.5

23.4

62.5

LCS Cannon

37.7

60.2

20.6

47.8

22.1

38.0

LCS Dual

40.1

75.3

9.9

39.7

22.4

53.5

LCS Trigger

44.4

86.3

15.8

35.1

21.6

63.3

LCS Exp. Line 1

43.8

82.2

20.8

29.1

23.7

63.3

LCS Exp. Line 2

39.7

60.5

12.6

50.3

19.3

56.1

LCS Exp. Line 3

45.1

74.8

28.0

40.1

18.4

64.3

LCS Exp. Line 4

46.5

78.7

23.1

41.6

19.2

69.9

LCS Exp. Line 5

42.6

72.1

13.3

40.8

21.4

65.3

Shelly

40.2

72.1

18.4

36.8

20.6

53.0

SY Ingmar

39.8

62.4

24.2

38.5

18.7

55.3

Vida

45.3

72.8

24.1

42.1

22.4

65.3

WB 9497

41.1

70.3

23.1

34.5

19.4

57.9

WB 9590

41.4

71.2

23.9

36.9

19.8

55.2

WB 9668

34.6

50.0

25.3

44.4

19.1

34.0

Thompson, ND

CoAXium spring wheat yield performance 2023 Avg. Yield

2023 Yield Glyndon, MN

Glasgow, MT

Great Falls, MT

Havre, MT

AAC Foray

38.7

55.2

16.8

34.9

25.5

61.4

AAC Penhold

41.6

54.0

18.6

39.4

25.9

69.9

AAC Viewfield

37.8

54.8

16.2

35.2

18.5

64.1

Carberry

39.7

55.7

19.9

44.8

20.8

57.4

CDC Terrain

41.9

59.1

18.5

38.3

24.4

69.4

Glenn

36.9

54.4

6.4

39.4

22.5

61.8

HD 253

25.0

42.4

6.0

26.8

15.5

34.3

HD 307

27.3

37.5

19.6

30.9

12.1

36.4

LCS Buster

44.5

73.1

17.3

35.8

25.0

71.3

LCS Cannon

40.5

52.5

23.9

51.0

23.8

51.2

LCS Hammer AX

44.5

62.1

21.3

48.3

25.1

65.9

LCS Trigger

45.3

74.2

15.6

32.1

24.6

80.3

LCS AX Exp. Line 1

45.4

81.5

19.8

32.0

22.4

71.4

LCS AX Exp. Line 2

44.5

65.4

24.0

46.1

21.4

65.7

LCS AX Exp. Line 3

45.2

65.6

20.5

44.1

28.2

67.8

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 69

COAXIUM SPRING WHEAT Wheat production system updates and yield data

By Jeff Widder CoAXium Wheat Production System In 2024, the CoAXium® Wheat Production System will enter its sixth year of availability across the United States. Thousands of acres have been planted with CoAXium wheat varieties and sprayed with Aggressor® AX herbicides. The response we’ve seen and heard is that for fields historically choked out by grassy weeds, there isn’t a better solution on the market.

CoAXium wheat varieties have given farmers a powerful new tool.

Hard red spring wheat seed was available at the farm level for the first time last season, greatly increasing the utility and impact of CoAXium for growers across Minnesota, the Dakotas and Montana.

For those not familiar with CoAXium, it is the latest, most effective wheat production system for controlling cheatgrass, foxtails, barnyardgrass and other Group 2-resistant grassy weeds. Developed in partnership by Limagrain Cereal Seeds, the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation and Albaugh, CoAXium delivers 95% or greater grassy weed control.

Here’s how it works: The CoAXium Wheat Production System takes high-performance wheat varieties, breeds them with the non-GMO herbicide tolerance trait AXigen® and pairs them with Aggressor AX herbicide, a groundbreaking formulation with a Group 1 (ACCase) mode of action. This new technology protects fields from grassy weeds that compete with wheat for light and space, deplete moisture and nutrients, and wreak havoc on the overall health of wheat through every stage of growth.

CoAXium’s consistent, broad-spectrum grassy weed control is the main reason Northern Plains farmers have turned to the new wheat production system. However, CoAXium offers additional benefits: • No soil residuals, removing plantback restrictions and giving growers crop rotation flexibility.

• Works well in dormant seeding situations where grassy weeds can emerge with germinating spring wheat.

• Aggressor AX can be combined with many broadleaf weed partners (tank mixes) for combined grass and broadleaf control in a single application.

• Aggressor AX application rates and timing are flexible to meet grassy weed size and pressures, and growing conditions.

Left: CoAXium wheat treated with Aggressor AX. Right: Untreated wheat overtaken by downy brome.

Page 70 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

Cleaning up grassy weed-infested fields with CoAXium results in higher yields and higher quality wheat with less dockage. After years of trialing and on-field use, CoAXium variety performance has exceeded expectations at harvest.

The CoAXium Wheat Production System does not create any yield drag. In fact, CoAXium varieties are topping yield trials across the country, including the Northern Plains.

rates of Aggressor AX and making sure grassy weed escapes don’t go to seed also ensure CoAXium will be around for the next generation of farmers.

Growers are expanding their use past their toughest acres, putting CoAXium to work on acres with light to medium grassy weed pressure with excellent results. We’re starting to get asked the question: “Why not use CoAXium all the time?” The answer is the key to maintaining CoAXium’s power for the long haul: stewardship.

CoAXium may only be planted two years in a row and herbicide modes of action must be rotated to avoid herbicide resistance. Because CoAXium doesn’t have any soil residuals, rotating in a non-CoAXium wheat or another crop is a quick process. Planting only Certified seed, using labeled

The first two CoAXium hard red spring wheats, CP3201AX and LCS Hammer AX, had a solid growing season. More spring wheats with the AXigen trait are in development with both private and public breeding programs. Novel lines bred for a variety of growing conditions are in trials now.

For more information about CoAXium hard red spring wheat varieties and the wheat production system as a whole, visit CoAXium.com.

CoAXium spring wheat yield performance 2023 Yield

2023 Avg. Yield

Glyndon, MN

Glasgow, MT

Great Falls, MT

Havre, MT

Thompson, ND

CP3201AX

43.7

76.2

61.2

21.2

38.1

22.1

LCS Hammer AX

44.5

62.1

65.9

21.3

48.3

25.1

Exp. CoAXium Line 1

44.5

65.4

65.7

24.0

46.1

21.4

Exp. CoAXium Line 2

45.2

65.6

67.8

20.5

44.1

28.2

Exp. CoAXium Line 3

40.5

68.6

68.8

14.4

31.2

19.8

Exp. CoAXium Line 4

45.4

81.5

71.4

19.8

32.0

22.4

Exp. CoAXium Line 5

42.7

73.4

68.0

16.0

33.8

22.2

Exp. CoAXium Line 6

37.7

65.1

57.4

6.9

38.2

21.1

Exp. CoAXium Line 7

36.7

59.7

62.4

6.8

38.0

16.8

Exp. CoAXium Line 8

36.2

47.9

46.8

18.8

45.2

22.2

Exp. CoAXium Line 9

33.9

52.3

38.4

17.9

41.8

19.3

November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 71

21st Century Genetics (TCG) Hard Red Spring Wheat (HRS) Trials in 2021 2023 seemed to be representative of the more recent trend of a Spring that is fashionably late, and variable moisture conditions leaving some areas very dry and even in a drought. Leading up to the 4th of July the broad sentiment was there wasn’t going to be much of a wheat crop. Thankfully, many areas received enough moisture to give the wheat roots down to some mysterious subsoil moisture that must have been a consequence of

good snow and no frost from the Winter. Yields were nothing short of exceptional in many areas given the actual amount of rainfall, a big surprise to producers and researchers alike. Disease pressure was low which highlighted the high ROI from fungicide use even in a low disease pressure year. At harvest, after a few years off, protein discounts figured into overall profitability.

Thankfully the TCG lineup was up to the task.

TCG varieties performed

very well in 2023 across a range of conditions. This is consistent with our observations in 2021 and 2022. TCG-Wildcat leads the pack, but we have a number of new varieties as well. See Table 1- and 2-year Summary, Table 2.

TCG-Wildcat is our best performing HRS across environments year in and year out with an excellent combination of yield and standability, with great protein and TW, and an acceptable coping reaction to disease. TCGWildcat finishes fast and

is probably one of the easiest threshing wheats on the market. We like to say, “It’s just a really nice wheat variety.”

TCG-Zelda is our newest release and is available in limited quantities for seed production in 2024.

It’s our highest yield potential wheat with good quality, great standability, and early maturity.

We saw the variety perform great across many environments in 2023, and we couldn’t be more excited to see TCG-Zelda in 2024

21ST CENTURY GENETICS

CSO

NEW CSO

NEW CSO

NEW CSO

CSO

Widely Adapted

Top Yield Potential,

Outstanding Standability

High Yields with

Excellent

Exceptional Response

Standabilty,

with Big Yield Punch

Good Quality on

Combination of Yield,

to High Management

Early Maturity, and

and Good Quality

Alkali Soils

Standability, TW, and

Good Tolerance to BLS

Improved Standability

TCG-Wildcat

Excellent Combination of Yield, Standability, TW, and Protein PVPA (94) Patented

TCG-Zelda

Region Wide Drought Tolerance. Good Protein and Test Weight Patent Pending

TCG-Teddy

Peforms Best at Higher Seeding Rates Patent Pending

TCG-Badlands

and Yield Compared to TCG-Wildfire Patent Pending

Visit tcgwheat.com to find a TCG seed associate near you Page 72 Prairie Grains • November - December 2023

TCG-Heartland

Protein

TCG-Teddy has the best standability in the market with big yield punch and responds to higher planting populations.

The variety has the best tolerance to BLS in our lineup and doesn’t have the lingering stay green of many other BLS tolerant varieties. TCGTeddy pairs well with TCG-Wildcat in your 2024 planting plan.

TCG-Badlands is a new alkali tolerant variety with better standability and yield than TCGWildfire, our original “IDC tolerant wheat.” We and our associates look forward to finding ideal, but all too common fields to match with this very unique type of variety.

TCG-Heartland is our

highest quality variety based on protein and TW, it has good tolerance to PHS, with excellent standability and good yielding ability especially in the Northern Third of ND and MN. Our philosophy at TCG is pretty simple. We want unmatched standability.

Why? We’re honey hole hunters. We want our varieties to hit big yields in those sweet spots in producer’s fields that shoot up the field average while maintaining consistent yield across the rest of the field. You know what ruins a good honey hole.

Lodging. Plain and simple.

So keep us in mind when making your variety selection and happy honey hole hunting in 2024!

Table 2. Two year average performance of TCG varieties and checks across 7 sites

2 Year Averages

Variety LCS Trigger TCG-Spitfire Prosper TCG-Wildcat MN-Rothsay TCG-Teddy MN-Torgy TCG-Zelda TCG-Badlands Driver SY Valda LCS Rebel WB-Mayville Shelly AP Murdock TCG-Heartland TCG-Wildfire Linkert SY Ingmar Boost

Yield

Protein

bu/a 89.6 89.6 87.5 86.3 85.7 84.6 84.5 84.2 81.8 81.4 81.2 78.9 78.4 78.1 77.7 77.1 76.5 74.5 73.8 73.5

% 12.7 14.1 14.8 15.3 14.8 14.9 15.2 14.9 14.6 15.1 14.4 15.3 15.6 15.6 14.7 16.0 14.8 16.0 15.5 15.1

Test Weight lbs/bu 60.0 59.2 59.9 60.7 60.3 59.1 60.7 60.6 59.7 60.5 60.3 61.3 60.9 60.8 59.5 60.8 59.4 60.3 60.0 59.2

2023

2022

2022

2022

Yield

Yield

Lodging

BLS

bu/a 90.4 88.5 88.9 84.3 84.0 83.3 89.3 81.7 83.0 83.5 79.1 79.0 72.9 74.6 75.2 75.7 75.0 72.0 72.0 71.9

bu/a 88.8 90.7 86.1 88.3 87.4 85.9 79.7 86.6 80.6 79.4 83.3 78.9 83.9 81.7 80.3 78.4 78.0 77.0 75.7 75.1

2

1

Bacterial Leaf Streak

2

Score from 0-10 (0 = none, 10 = most)

Score 2.7 1.5 4.3 0.8 1.2 0.0 4.2 0.3 1.7 5.2 2.2 5.8 0.5 0.5 3.8 0.7 3.0 0.3 3.3 5.3

1

Score 2.5 2.8 3.5 2.8 5.3 2.3 2.5 4.3 3.5 4.3 2.8 2.5 3.0 4.5 3.5 3.8 3.5 2.8 2.5 2.0

2

Table 1. 2023 TCG HRS Wheat trial results in 7 environments

Site Yield (bu/A) Minnesota Variety Alvarado Crookston1 Fisher1

Fisher

Average across 7 sites

North Dakota Thompson1 Casselton Crystal1

Yield bu/A

Protein %

LCS Trigger

113.6

83.6

64.5

64.5

104.5

83.7

118.6

90.4

12.8

MN-Torgy

106.4

81.1

80.3

75.2

90.2

79.9

111.9

89.3

14.8

Prosper

102.9

74.8

86.4

67.6

94.8

76.3

119.4

88.9

14.6

TCG-Spitfire

109.9

70.5

78.4

77.2

104.5

71.9

106.9

88.5

14.0

Ascend-SD

109.6

71.9

63.6

73.9

103.6

77.4

110.2

87.2

14.2

TCG-Wildcat

99.6

72.8

67.5

85.9

83.7

81.1

99.6

84.3

15.3

MN-Rothsay

104.0

79.4

70.1

63.6

84.5

76.5

110.1

84.0

15.0

Driver

103.0

73.3

69.5

68.3

92.3

74.6

103.2

83.5

15.1

TCG-Teddy

106.0

76.6

68.9

70.1

86.3

78.2

96.8

83.3

14.8

TCG-Badlands

104.4

70.1

73.7

61.5

84.9

75.8

110.5

83.0

14.4

Lang-MN

97.4

71.6

70.2

68.1

92.0

72.0

100.9

81.8

14.6

TCG-Zelda

95.6

65.1

62.4

63.3

92.1

75.2

118.4

81.7

15.1

SY Valda

115.2

74.2

67.2

45.7

91.6

70.1

89.9

79.1

14.5 15.5

LCS Rebel

87.9

73.5

63.0

65.0

92.4

71.2

99.9

79.0

TCG-Heartland

93.8

58.9

68.5

67.0

76.5

76.8

88.8

75.7

16.0

AP Murdock

93.4

65.4

45.3

55.2

88.3

76.4

102.4

75.2

14.9

TCG-Wildfire

94.2

66.0

48.2

65.0

72.2

73.8

105.4

75.0

14.8

Shelly

95.4

65.1

60.8

48.4

81.0

72.5

98.9

74.6

15.5 15.6

WB-Mayville

90.8

69.3

40.6

59.3

80.8

73.9

95.5

72.9

Linkert

94.2

59.2

60.8

51.0

72.2

71.0

95.5

72.0

16.1

SY Ingmar

87.2

67.4

59.6

49.0

76.0

70.0

94.8

72.0

15.2

Boost

82.5

56.6

64.9

69.6

62.7

71.0

96.3

71.9

15.1

1 Sites treated with fungicide November - December 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 73

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BUY YOUR TICKETS TODAY! - $100/each "The Trustbuster"— A one-of-a-kind 2022 Polaris Ranger 1000 to support the work of Minnesota Farmers Union Foundation.

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BE IN THE KNOW The Minnesota Soybean Research & Promotion Council oversees soy checkoff dollars on behalf of the state’s nearly 28,000 soybean farmers.

We invite you to join us at the 2023 Prairie Grains Conference! Learn the latest findings in checkoff-supported soybean research, engage with Council leaders and attend a breakout session on breakthroughs in soybean breeding and genetics.

Soybean Research Reporting Sessions – December 14 Time

Title/Presenter

7 a.m.

Soybean Breeding and Genetics at the University of Minnesota – Dr. Aaron Lorenz 7:30 a.m.

A Summary of 2023 Insect Pest, SCN and Frogeye Leaf Spot Project – Dr. Angie Peltier 7:45 a.m.

Cold Hardiness of Soybean Gall Midge – Pheylan Anderson, MS student 8 a.m.

Evaluating Control Methods for a New Leafmining Pest of Soybean in Minnesota – Arthur Viera 8:15 a.m.

Determining the Current Population of Phytophthora sojae that is Causing Stem and

Root Rot in Minnesota Soybeans – Angie Peltier 8:25 a.m.

Evaluating Soybean Varieties to Identify Genetic and Sources of Resistance and

Escape Against White Mold – Angie Peltier 8:35 a.m.

Cultivating Positive Industry Partnerships to Provide Neutral Third-Party

Multi-Industry Soybean Input Comparisons to Growers – Andrew Lueck & Jenna

Whitmore, Next Gen Ag LLC

Soybean Breakout Session – December 14 11:15 a.m.

Future of Soybean Breeding and Genetics – Aaron Lorenz

April 2023 • Prairie Grains Page 75

New wheat, new possibilities Get the latest hard red spring wheat genetics

LCS Hammer AX

LCS Boom

Smash grassy weeds

Very early maturity

with high yield and balanced protein

and superior disease package

LCS Trigger

LCS Buster

Proven monster yield

Trial-topping yield

with full-season maturity

and very strong straw

LCS has a wheat for every acre 701.715.2538

Nick.Shores@Limagrain.com

LimagrainCerealSeeds.com/NP

You don’t carry You don’tin carry old tech old tech in your pocket. your pocket.

WHY WOULD WHY WOULD YOU HAVE IT YOU HAVE IT

IN YOUR FIELD? IN YOUR FIELD? Dial up the best weed-slaying technology in spring wheat Dial up the best weed-slaying CoAXium powered by AX herbicide technology inAggressor spring wheatis the latest, most effective

wheat production system for controlling cheatgrass, foxtails, barnyardgrass CoAXium

by Aggressor AX herbicide is the No latest, effective and Grouppowered 2-resistant grassy weeds.

Less dockage. soil most residuals. wheat production system for controlling cheatgrass, foxtails, barnyardgrass No contest for clean spring wheat. and Group 2-resistant grassy weeds. Less dockage. No soil residuals.

No contest for clean spring wheat.

SpringIntoCoAXium.com SpringIntoCoAXium.com

Driven by Aggressor® Herbicides and Aggressor® are trademarks of Albaugh, LLC. Refer to the Aggressor® AX product label for complete directions and instructions. Aggressor® AX EPA Reg. No. 45002-513 AD120222N Driven by Aggressor® Herbicides and Aggressor® are trademarks of Albaugh, LLC. Refer to the Aggressor® AX product label for complete directions and instructions. Aggressor® AX EPA Reg. No. 45002-513 AD120222N

SELLING LAND & EQUIPMENT

THE STEFFES WAY. Since 1960 SteffesGroup.com | 800.726.8609

“After two years of testing on four different crops, Stoller’s Bio-Forge® Advanced will now be a part of our crop plan.”

Chad Rubbelke, Rubbelke Farms Des Lacs, ND

2023 was a challenging growing season at Rubbelke Farms near Des Lacs, North Dakota.

“We had a wet, late spring. In late May, we had a hard rain that caused crusting in our spring wheat trials. From June 10 to midAugust we had no measurable rain. It was a difficult start and the crops were stressed for lack of moisture for most of the growing season.” Chad explains.

In 2023, Chad grew spring wheat, durum, canola, flax and soybeans. On his farm, Chad does contract trials for various products. He says, “I want to find out what works and what doesn’t. I’m looking for ways to improve our farming practices.”

“We’ve tested Stoller Bio-Forge® Advanced for two years now.

We’ve used it as a seed treatment on spring wheat and durum, in-furrow application on flax and post emergent applications on flax and canola.

Consistent yield increases Learn how you can improve yields on your farm by visiting with Chad at the Prairie Grains Conference in Grand Forks on December 14.

“In two years of Bio-Forge Advanced seed treatment testing on durum wheat and one year on spring wheat, we’ve achieved an average yield increase of 5.5 bushels per acre.

Bio-Forge Advanced seed treat is a low cost, high ROI investment.

Our post emergent applications of Bio-Forge Advanced on canola and flax were impressive.

Bio-Forge Advanced protected the plant and significantly improved plant vigor. We had no ‘herbicide hangover’ with Bio-Forge Advanced added to our flax post emergent herbicide.

It was the best flax crop in the history of our farm. Going forward, Stoller products have the potential to help flax be a consistent part of our rotation,” he says.

FRED LUKENS 701•739•0240

“Our post emergent canola herbicide pass with Bio-Forge Advanced produced a plant that stood 13 inches taller with a corresponding a 300 lb/acre canola yield advantage. We were pleased.”

2024

Small Grains Update Meetings Wheat, Soybean & Corn

JANUARY 9-12, 2024 Visit mnwheat.org for more details.

Meetings are free - registration not necessary

LOCATIONS DILWORTH Tuesday, January 9th 12:00 p.m.

Dilworth Community Center (Lunch served) ADA Wednesday, January 10th 8:00 a.m.

Ada Event Center (Lunch served) (In conjunction with Norman County Ag Day) CROOKSTON Wednesday, January 10th 12:00 p.m.

Crookston Inn (Lunch served) (In conjunction with West Polk County Crop Improvement)

Dr. Jochum Wiersma Small Grains Specialist University of MN

Bruce Kleven Legislative Strategist for MN Wheat

Dr. Angie Peltier Regional Extension Educator- Crops, University of MN

Spring Wheat Variety Performance

2024 Minnesota Legislative Session Update

Pests, Phytophthora, White Mold, SCN & Frogeye Leaf Spot

NEWION HALLOCK AT Thursday, January 11th LOC

8:30 a.m.

City Hall (Lunch served) (In conjunction with Kittson County Crop Show) ROSEAU Thursday, January 11th 3:30 p.m.

Gene’s Bar & Grill (Dinner served)

Devin Hoffarth Market Development & Industry Relations Director MN Corn

Melissa Carlson VP of Research MN Wheat Research & Promotion Council

New Use Opportunities for Corn

Wheat & Soybean On-farm Research Results

MN Association of Wheat Growers and the MN Wheat Research & Promotion Council Update

County Soybean and/or Corn Grower Association Annual Meetings will take place in: Dilworth, Ada, Crookston, and Hallock Sponsored in part by:

ST. HILAIRE Friday, January 12th 8:30 a.m.

Community Center (Lunch served) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ OTHER AREA MEETINGS: Small Grains Update MORRIS Monday, January 15th 12:30 - 3:00 p.m.

WCROC (Lunch served) Clay County Crops Update DILWORTH Tuesday, January 16th TAK Music Venue 9:00 a.m.

(Lunch served)