Vancouver Mapping & Urban Design Case Study

Olympic village development Vancouver, Canada A case study analysis of an urban development

ARC5727: Case studies in urban design Professor Nickita Summer 2016 Final Project Meaghan Markiewicz

Project

Introduction

This project is an analysis of the development of Vancouver’s Olympic Village located in the False Creek Neighborhood. The village was developed to house the 2010 Olympic athletes competing in the winter games in Vancouver. The planning process for the neighborhood began in 2005. A series of private and public meetings took place to produce the final design seen today. The study of this development is to understand and evaluate the success and failures in the development of the Olympic Village False Creek Neighborhood. The intent is to use these lessons in future urban design processes.

Vancouver

Canada

Vancouver False creek neighborhood

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development

history-drivers-big ideas-transition-major moves-implementation | page 3

Developments major improvements

BY THE NUMBERS - 5 years of developmen - 50 acre site - 1.5 million square feet of new development - 120,000 square feet of commercial/mixed-use - 1,100 units of housing - 252 social and rental housing - 20 acres of park space - 6,000 Population - First North America LEED Platinum community

FALSE CREEK BEFORE

FALSE CREEK OLYMPIC VILLAGE

http://www.via-architecture.com/project/southeast-false-creek-master-plan/

2010

Developments major players

The city of Vancouver collaborated with many disciplines to bring this project to completion. Civil engineers, planners, landscape designers, architects, community organizers, mechanical engineers and many more attended countless meetings with the city of Vancouver and the developer chosen for the project, Millennium Group. Due to goals of the project, the development acted close to an experiment of creating a sustainable community, which required heavy communication between all the discplines.

Planing Department & city council

project developer

additional project consultants

http://vanmag.com/best-of-the-city/vancouvers-best-and-worst-places-to-live/ | http://archpaper.com/2010/02/game-city/ | http://thetyee.ca/News/2014/01/02/False-Creek-Hits-40/

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development

history-drivers-big ideas-transition-major moves-implementation | page 4

major DEVELOPMENT goal: sustainability

The main goal of the project was to create a sustianable neighborhood. To meet this, the project strived and achieved LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Neighborhood Development Certification.

While environmental sustainablility was the main focus, the intent was to reflect the heart of a European village, focused on trade, gathering and entertainment, while seeking an effective balance between social, environmental and economic “well-being,” as reflected in Vancouver’s bid to host the Games. The synergy between these goals was supported by a commitment from private developers to contribute a substantial subsidy to the Olympic program while working with the City’s aspirations for an innovative, livable and resilient community.

major: challenges

>>>Addressing the city of Vancouver’s goals of achieving a sustainable neighborhood >>>Addressing three sustainabilitied: Social, Economic and Environmental >>>Short time frame to accomplish goals

major: assetts

>>>Support from city of Vancouver in project goals >>>History of the area to build on >>>Many disciplines willing to collaborate on the project

principles of ‘sustainable development’:

implementing sustainabiity | stewardship of ecosystem heath | economic viability and vitality | priorities | cultural vitality | livablity | housing diversity and equity | education | participation | accountablity | adaptability | integration | spirit of the place | complete community

WITHIN SUSTAINABILITY, THE FOLLOWING WERE main focuses TO CREATING A SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBORHOOD: 1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBility

2 MIXED-USE COMMUNITY

3 PERSERVING HERTIAGE

http://vanmag.com/best-of-the-city/vancouvers-best-and-worst-places-to-live/

4 PLACEMAKING STRATEGIES

5 multi-modal connections

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development

false creek neighborhood, Vancouver HISTORY of the land timeline| page 5

HISTORIC ROOTS MUSQUEAUM, SQUAMISH & TSELEIL-WAUTUTH PEOPLE

1890

mount pleasant citys first suburb

1880

FALSE CREEK AREA Before Europeans inhabitated Vancouver, False Creek was filled with rich forests and a much larger creek than it currently is. The Musqueaum, Squamish and Tseleil-Waututh people inhabitats the land and remines of these people are still seen today.

SOUTH FALSE CREEK The city’s first suburb developed in south false creek.

1890 heavy industrial area

1900

THE INDUSTRIAL AREA In the industrial time the areas consisted of: 17 Sawmills supplying 10,000 jobs in the area.

Throughout both of the World Wars. this area supplied naval ships and other equipment.

1907 Information taken from: http://www.vancouverisawesome.com/2015/05/04/brief-histories-of-the-squamish-tsleil-waututh-musqueam-first-nations/ Photos from: http://searcharchives.Vancouver.ca/north-vancouvers-first-streetcar

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development

false creek neighborhood, Vancouver HISTORY of the land timeline| page 6

1930

1907

1970

decline of the

industrial area

awareness of

the damage caused by pollution

declared false creak neighborhood to be a

1940

Much of the industrial companies began to leave the Southeast False Creek area at this time. This led to the rexoning of the land to increase housing and commercial land uses.

1990

A ‘Clouds of Change’ report was issued by Vancouver’s city council outining the environmental damage and pollution in the area. This began the conversations about a sustainable development.

‘sustainable neighborhood’

2005

Vancouver’s city council approved the Offical Development Plan for the Southeast False Creek. Construction begun in 2007.

Information taken from: http://www.vancouverisawesome.com/2015/05/04/brief-histories-of-the-squamish-tsleil-waututh-musqueam-first-nations/

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development

ENVIRONMENTAL influences | page 7 1 ENVIRONMENTAL LARGE FOCUS RESPONSIBility Sustainability of the environment was the largest focal point of the development. Without an extensive study on the damage done to the earth through this development, the project took every step possible in reducing the footprint of the construction and maintance. Through this aspect this focus was extremely succesful. Unfortunely, Remediation of site contamination this causes unbalance among other aspects of sustainability.

SITE CONTAMINATION -12 Areas of Potential Environmental Concern (APEC) - 64 Olympic sized pools of excavated material

taking control of water management

Due to the heavy rainfall Vancouver recieves, the development strived to include storm water management in the plan. This was done through bioswale installation. Part of the design was to make the management of water present to people as they walk down the street to celebrate the process.

- 38 Olympic sized pools of contaminated site material

- 9 Olympic sized pools of hazardous waste

conserving energy

A series of processes were considered to reduce the amount of energy being used within the site. In addition, there were systems used to capture renewable energy cleanly.

before remediation

after remediation

Hazardous Waste Contamination

Information taken from: http://www.thechallengeseries.ca/chapter-03/environmental-remediation/#history

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development

2 MIXED-USE COMMUNITY

ENVIRONMENTAL influences | page 8

mixed use buildings

From an architecture standpoint the building were designed to be mixed use. This incorporated street level retail and, residential units and gathering / green space all in the same building. There were many of these types of buildings located in close proximity to each other. This aspect of the architecture was successful in providing options for the residents. Living an urban lifestyle includes covient and accessibility needs and amenities within walking distance.

Designing mixed use buildings contribute to this urban intiaitive.

GREEN ROOF / GATHERING SPACE

RESIDENTIAL UNITS

COMMERICAL / RETAIL LEVEL

MIXED USE zoning

STREET LEVEL RETAIL From a planning perspective, the site was split into zones. While each of these zones was not strictly one typology, there is a large divide in the zones. Unfortunely this does not allow for spontaneous diversity within the urban space.

While each building may have diversity, the divide and designated area for resdiential, transportaton and village plaza does not allow for organic growth of the city throughout the urban fabric.

Information taken from: http://www.thechallengeseries.ca/chapter-03/environmental-remediation/#history

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development anchor of community

3 PERSERVING HERTIAGE

heritage buildings

building from history| page 9

The Salt building below was constructed in 1930 and remains one of the oldest industrial buildings in the neighborhood that remains.

Now, it has been repurposed. Due to the age and historic value of the building, it has heritage designation.

constructed in 1930

the

repurposed today

importance of heritage in the planning process “They were throwing around the word sustainability,” he says. “But in the process of planning an environmentally sustainable neighbourhood they were going to demolish every trace of the existing neighbourhood.”

To expand on the views Kalman has, he talks about the importance of perserving history, “Heritage conservation is about learning from history, but it has to do with sustainability and culture too. Culture has to have roots and branches. If you cut off the roots the branches die. No one is saying, ‘Let’s freeze time and give us back the 1900s.’ In the real-life city we say, ‘Give us the 21st century – but give it to us with the knowledge that the 21st grew out of the 20th,which grew out of the 19th.’ We believe in keeping the best of the past and integrating it with the best of the present and future.” Hal Kalman, Commonwealth Historic Resource Management, Ltd.

-Hal Kalman, Commonwealth Historic Resource Management, Ltd. Information taken from: http://www.thechallengeseries.ca/chapter-03/environmental-remediation/#history | www.vancitybuzz.com

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development example of hertiage peservation shipyard plaza

ecosystem medallion

timber looking benches

3 PERSERVING HERTIAGE

fish engraved into benches

building from history| page 10

Within the main plaza in Olympic Village, the development was focused on remembering what was previously on site and the history of the area. Due to the large amounts of timber and timber industry that was present prior to the development of the site, the benches to the left are a rememberance to this time. In addition, the medallion and engraved benches are a symbol of the prior ecosytem within False Creek that was present before the industry and human development took place and caused damage environmentally to the area. Through this small efforts, the development was successful in bringing attention to its historicaal roots.

example of hertiage peservation shipyard plaza

While this is just one example of the development taking on perserving history, a much more extensive study is needed to fully understand whether a holistic approach to perserving the area’s history was met. However, the issue proved to be important enough to include in the overall plan.

While it was not the primary focus, there was still effort made in recognizing the history of the area and building from that history.

SWEEPING SHAPES The sweeping shapes were inspired from ship building, which was a heavy industry prior to the redevelopment of Southeast False Creek.

This design move helps tell the story of the place and respects the people that used to inhabitat the place.

The design move could have been more intentional and more informative. With additional information about the history, the forms could have told a holistic story without having to know any prior history.

shipyard plaza design

shipyard plaza CONSTRUCTED

Information taken from: http://www.thechallengeseries.ca/chapter-03/environmental-remediation/#history | www.vancitybuzz.com

shipyard plaza LIGHTPOLES

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development

4 PLACEMAKING STRATEGIES Southeast False Creek Art Plan

ENVIRONMENTAL influences | page 11

The sparrow was chosen as the topic of the art piece because the speicies is considered invasive. The decision is to represent the many challenges our earth faces in the future.

This meaning speaks to the design intent of the project: sustainability. This theme is embedded in every decision made throughout the development.

Does this create space?

While it brings the topic of biodiversity into the public realm, there could be additional strageties to create place. The additional features that compliment the plaza such as benches, lighting, seating and trash cans help ease the pedestrain and provide comfort. It can be argued that the birds serve the intent they are trying to serve, as an art piece.

Southeast False Creek amenities

solar trash can

seating

elements need to work

These together with additional urban features such as art, water features, etc. Amenities that serve the general civilians needs are essential to the comfort of the place and promote walkbility among the street. The development plan was successful in providing these elements and maintaining a clean tidy look.

Information taken from: http://www.thechallengeseries.ca/chapter-03/environmental-remediation/#history | https://vancouver21.wordpress.com/2010/06/02/myfanwy-macleods-the-birds-atolympic-village-point-to-fragile-biodiversity/ | http://land8.com/profiles/blogs/in-place-village-at-false-creek-take-a-seat

[Olympic sec.1village ]research development

5 multi-modal connections

ENVIRONMENTAL influences | page 12

struggle to provide adequate public transit While the development implemented a street car system within the village. the transit did prove to be a sustainable option.

Unfortunely, it was not successful and has been been put out of service since.

street car design

abandoned street car tracks

sucess in non-motorized options

Below shows the expeirencial view of biker friendly lanes. While dedicated bike lanes would increase the safety for bikers, the sidewalk and painted lanes help promote biking.

Pedestrian paths to other neighborhoods provide additional muti-modal opportunities for destinations close to False Creek neighborhood.

Information taken from: http://www.thechallengeseries.ca/chapter-03/environmental-remediation/#history

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[Olympic sec.2 ]case studies village development

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Project successes >>>CONTINUED AMENITIES The area that was developed for the Sydney Olympic games is still an area full of amenities.

The area has its own website to inform people of all the things going on including the resturants and businesses to chec out when visiting.

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city study

[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

The city of Vancouver| page 14

The importance of studying the city >>>INFLUENCE ON DEVELOPMENT Due to the intatives led by the city, much of the development focused on ‘green’ intiaitves is supported by the city. This support not only helps projects such as False Creek Olympic Village become implemented but also encourage this type of development city wide. With backing from the city, it is much easier for developers to follow through and accomplish project goals. >>>PATTERNS AND TRENDS Due to the support from the city, the physical form reflects the pattern of development throughout the city. These patterns and trends spill over to the Olympic Village False Creek neighborhood. >>>COMMITTMENT TO SUSTAINABILITY The city of Vancouver has a Renewable City Strategy Plan for 2015-2050 focused on the future of the city.

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development legend City Boundaries Vehicle Streets

N vancouver’s STREETS >>>ORGANIZED BY GRID The city is organized by a releventively equal spaced grid system across the city. The exception is the angled street in the downtown area. Below are proposed streets that reinforce the grid. The grid makes planning easier.

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the city of Vancouver| page 16

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development Legend City Boundaries Vehicle Streets

Park

N vancouver’s parks >>>EVENLY SCATTERED The parks are evenly scattered throughout the city. This allows access across the city to this amenity. The exception is the large park located in the far north. This park is close to downtown and provides an additional amenity in promixity to the area near downtown. The focus on parks from a city perspective benefits the individual neighborhoods.

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The city of Vancouver | page 17

Vancouver parks 0

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>>>COVERS LARGE AREA While there is a concentration of bike lanes near the downtown area, the system is fairly spread out throughout the city. This allows access to many areas, neighborhoods and people in the city.

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legend

the city of Vancouver| page 18

>>>ORGANIZED BY GRID The bike lanes follow the city grid system. They also form a grid like pattern within the city grid. This allows easy access and easy development of additional bike lanes.

[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development legend City Boundaries Vehicle Streets Heritage Sites

N vancouver’s HERITAGE SITES >>>DOWNTOWN CLUSTER There is a large cluster of heritage locations in the downtown Vancouver area in the northern part of the city. This makes sense due to the urban nature of the downtown. >>>DISPERSE OUTWARD From the downtown area out, heritage sites are still dense and find areas to cluster. However, they continue to be scattered throughout the city.

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the city of Vancouver| page 19

>>>LARGE AMOUNT This speaks to the importance that the city of Vancouver places on the history and remembering its heritage. The influence of this focus from the city is seen on a micro level through neighborhood elements and individual urban elements within the development of Olympic Village.

Vancouver HERITAGE SITES 0

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Information taken from: http://data.Vancouver.ca/datacatalogue/index.htm | maps created in ArcMap

[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development legend City Boundaries Vehicle Streets

Rapid Transit

N vancouver’s rapid transit >>>DOWNTOWN CENTER In addition to the other urban elements, the main focus on rapid transit leads to the downtown area. The major lines to the south and southeast connect in the north downtown area.

This is a reasonable area to conenct to do the dense urban area. In addition. historic transit planning as been focused on the downtown area, as seen below.

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the city of Vancouver| page 20

Vancouver RAPID TRANSIT 0

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development legend City Boundaries Vehicle Streets Greenways

N vancouver’s greenways >>>HEAVY ALONG COAST A major of the greenways are located around False Creek. This body of water is historically part of the development growth for the city. While the creek used to be much larger, the creek still acts as a destination spot. The greenway reinforces this notion.

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the city of Vancouver| page 21

Vancouver GREENWAYS 0

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

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FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD| page 23

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD | page 24

FALSE CREEK’S PARKS >>>DOWNTOWN CONCENTRATION There is a heavier contentration of parks in the north, which is closer to downtown. The False Creek neighborhood benefits from this due to its close proximity to downtown.

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>>>GRID INFILL The parks also follow the city city and infill spaces between the street layout. This is a sucessful urban element due to the integration with the urban landscape.

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Information taken from: http://data.Vancouver.ca/datacatalogue/index.htm | maps created in ArcMap

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD | page 25

FALSE CREEK’S RAPID TRANSIT >>>LACK IN NEIGHBORHOOD ACCESS While there is a bus system that serves the south end of the False Creek neighborhood, rapid transit is a not as close as it could be. While the fact that rapid transit is available is a good feature, there is a missed opportunity to connect the neighborhood to the system.

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD | page 26

FALSE CREEK’S HERITAGE SITES >>>CLOSE PRIOXIMITY There is only one heritage site in the neighborhood.

Fortunately there are many close to the neighborhood. The importance of heritage sites outweigh the economic benefits that come from these site. These sites stregthen community through history.

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD | page 27

FALSE CREEK’S GREENWAYS >>>MAJOR CONNECTION False Creek is a major connection point in the greenway path system. It provides acess to south Vancouver and to downtown Vancouver. This allows the neighborhood to act as a hub for the greenway and possible growth near it.

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

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FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD | page 28

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FALSE CREEK’S non-market housing >>>DOWNTOWN CONCENTRATION There is a heavier contentration of housing in the north, closer to downtown. The False Creek neighborhood benefits from this due to its close proximity to downtown.

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>>>NEIGHBORHOOD CENTER The non-market housing is located in the center of the False Creek neighborhood. This indicates an integration of typologies within the neighborhood.

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[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

Olympic village

OLYMIC VILLAGE FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD| page 29

The planned neighborhood

N Information taken from: http://data.Vancouver.ca/datacatalogue/index.htm | maps created in ArcMap

[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

OLYMIC VILLAGE FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD| page 30

Olympic village housing >>>ORGANIZED BY BLOCKS The residential housing buildings are organized by blocks and provide an effecient way to house many units. The blocks work well for effeciency.

Unfortunely, the multiple residential housing buildings next to each other creates a homogenous series of blocks for the residents.

legend Residential Units

N Olympic village false creek residential housing

Information taken from: http://data.Vancouver.ca/datacatalogue/index.htm | maps created in ArcMap

Community Buildings

Parks & Plazas

[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

OLYMIC VILLAGE FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD| page 31

Olympic village GREENSPACE >>>NEIGHBORHOOD BOUNDARIES There is a large amount of green space that is integrated into and between the buildings. The multiple touches of green space are a benefital way to add nature to the built form and makes the pedestrian experience comforting. The major green spaces bound the development site and are large, providing a benefital amenity for the residents.

legend Residential Units

N Olympic village false creek parks & plazas

Information taken from: http://data.Vancouver.ca/datacatalogue/index.htm | maps created in ArcMap

Community Buildings

Parks & Plazas

[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

OLYMIC VILLAGE FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD | page 32

Olympic village COMMUNITY BUILDINGS >>>CENTERED The main community building is centered in the site, with the residential and green space surounding it. This is a sensable location for the community building because it provides quick and easy access to all those living in this neighborhood.

legend Residential Units

N Olympic village false creek community buildings

Information taken from: http://data.Vancouver.ca/datacatalogue/index.htm | maps created in ArcMap

Community Buildings

Parks & Plazas

[Olympic sec.3 ]physical observations village development

OLYMIC VILLAGE FALSE CREEK NEIGHBORHOOD| page 33

Olympic village typology >>>ORGANIZED BY GRID The architectural building typologies follow the city street grid and continue to the block organization within the neighborhood. There is a balance between housing, community buildings and green space to allow amenities for the reisdents. While there could have been more diversity and less zoning in the planning process, the mixed use buildings help with this.

legend Residential Units

N Olympic village false creek

Information taken from: http://data.Vancouver.ca/datacatalogue/index.htm | maps created in ArcMap

Community Buildings

Parks & Plazas

[Olympic sec.4 ]summary & findings village development

success & failures| page 34

conclusions success & failures of development goals least successful Due to the very large focus on environmental sustainabilty, this was the most successful part of the development goals outlined in the beginning of the study.

While the architectural design of the buildings incorporated mixed use, the overall development was zoned off. It could have been more successful in planning the integration of the uses.

Due to the city of Vancouver’s heavy value on history, it is seen in this development through the many urban elements referencing historical periods and industries.

There was an effort to create place in the development, however due to the heavy focus on sustainability placemaking was not put at the top of the list.

Due to the lack of stability in maintaining the transit designs, this goal was not as successful as it could have been.

1 ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBility

2 MIXED-USE COMMUNITY

4 PERSERVING HERTIAGE

5 PLACEMAKING STRATEGIES

6 multi-modal connections

Information taken from: http://www.thechallengeseries.ca/chapter-03/environmental-remediation/#history

most successful

[Olympic sec.4 ]summary & findings village development

Wins & losses| page 35

key development wins

>> environmental sustainability Due to the main focus of environmental sustainability, this goal was met with high expectations.

It was close to overbearing the other goals made by the development.

>> respecting history The development was successful in bringing attention to its historical roots through small details integrated into public space and through major developments and improvements to historical buildings.

http://Vancouver.ca/docs/sefc/18-june-2009-sefc-olympic-village-report.pdf | http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Social+housing+Olympic+Village+cost+unit/1318046/story.html

[Olympic sec.4 ]summary & findings village development

Wins & losses| page 36

key development losses

>> social sustainability The project cut out 620 units of social housing throughout the implementation of the project. Due to the fact that there was funding from the public that contributed to this project, the commitment to keeping the social housing should have been upheld. While there are many issues and logistical reasons this could have taken place, the environmental sustainability took a forefront on this issue.

While the projects strived to accommadate three types of sustainability: social, economic and environmental many critiques of the project specificilly target the lack in social sustainability.

social housing locations

>> economic sustainability

Throughout the project, the orginal budget was far exceeded. While the projet was an experiment in sustainable development, economics was not priority. According to a city report, ‘additional funding of $15,070,000 for the Affordable Housing development costs’ was needed in 2009.

http://Vancouver.ca/docs/sefc/18-june-2009-sefc-olympic-village-report.pdf | http://www.vancouversun.com/news/Social+housing+Olympic+Village+cost+unit/1318046/story.html

[Olympic sec.5 ]design recommendations village development >> The need for unplanned and unpredicted

new york city

>> less focus on environmental >>>The environmental sustainability damage humans have caused on the planet is

Recommendations | page 37

>>>The growth of the urban landscape over time is important to the stability of urban environment.

Time allows the integration of individual elements into the existing framework of the city. Clearly there are multiple building types, ages and uses within the picture shown to the left. Unlike Olympic Village, the image shows the infill and growth with this infill in the urban enironment. This process is needed in Olympic Village and needs to happen over a long period of time.

>> greater focus on multi-modal >>>Access to public transportation is vitally transit tosustainability, a walkable community. With the focus on this should have been at the for-front of the development. Transit in additional to better walkability would have contributed to the social sustainability of the project and would have creater a deeper connection with the residents living there.

horrible and very drasticilly needs to be addressed.

However the extreme focus and drive that environmental sustainability caused economic and social sustainability to lack. A balance between all three sustainability would have provided more amenities at a human scale to those living in the village.

http://pixdaus.com/urban-landscape-nyc-america-usa/items/view/19010/ | http://rabble.ca/podcasts/shows/redeye/2016/03/people-disabilities-bc-given-choice-buy-food-or-take-bus | https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwiI1ryn__jNAhVI4YMKHTxBDSMQjhwIBQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cityclock.org%2F10-