ZHU Yixuan_Consequential Relief

Consequential Relief An embedded green healing system for mental health and wellbeing in dense, urban areas

Abstract

Consequential Relief explores the relationship between the modern urban environment and its contribution to mental health and wellbeing. It aims to demonstrate and explore how the design of public spaces can contribute to and improve our mental health, well-being and urban environment. Mental Disorders are common but usually neglected; research shows that 10.7% of the population globally suffer from mental health disorders (Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, 2017).

Clients

- Mental Health Organization Community - Mental Health Australia - Community Mental Health Australia

Based on the relationship between urban environment and mental health, this project will explore how to embed mental health-related landscape design principles into highly developed urban centers. Horticultural therapy, forest bathing, sensory gardens, community gardens, outdoor sports and other measures can help residents restore attention, calm anxiety, enhance social participation and the sense of community belonging, bring residents a positive psychological state and prevent or indirectly treat mental illness.

- Black Dog Institute

The project uses Melbourne’s CBD as its testing ground, which has the most high-rise construction and the fastest population growth in Australia. The design and implementation of a healing landscape design will be integrated into existing green space system and create a new green healing system within the city. This system will encourage urban residents to carry out outdoor life and exercise in the city by providing more accessible community green space, livable street space - improving the mental state of urban residents and guiding a healthy modern urban lifestyle.

Stakeholders

- City of Melbourne - Melbourne CBD residents

s3712968 Yixuan Zhu

Research Question How can landscape design provide a new green system that positively contributes to the health and wellbeing of residents in highly developed modern city center?

Ambitions Following the 2 goals, sustainable cities & communities and good health, the international major cities should take steps to build sustainable systems to improve the living environment and pay more attention to community contribution to enhance people's mental health and wellbeing. Especially when urban concentration is gradually becoming serious,and more people are flowing to living in the major city centers. It is urgent to provide mental health and wellbeing facilities and systems in these cities for a more sustainable future.

A city with accessible stress relief facilities

"Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages."

A mental healthy high-rise community

A city encouraging outdoor living

A healthy modern urban lifestyle "With the number of people living within cities projected to rise to 5 billion people by 2030, it’s important that efficient urban planning and management practices are in place to deal with the challenges brought by urbanization."

Contents Chapter 1 Mental Health & Urban Environment 1.1 Mental Disorders are Common in Urban Environment 1.2 Mental Disorders are around us 1.3 Australia Faces Mental Health Risks Chapter 2 Site––Melbourne CBD 2.1 Background––Urban Concentration in Australia Major Cities 2.2 Background––Melbourne CBD Fast Vertical Raising 2.3 Urban Environment Analysis––A Super High-rise Habitat 2.4 Urban Environment Analysis––Bustle Streets 2.5 Urban Environment Analysis––The Young Migrant Group 2.6 Urban Environment Analysis––Green System 2.7 Analysis Conclusion Chapter 3 Consequential Relief Theories 3.1 Theoretical Framework 3.2 Precedents 3.3 Consequential Relif Principle 3.5 Consequential Relief Goals

4.1 Green Relief System Strategy 4.2 Design Strategies 4.3 Design Techniques

Chapter 4 Consequantial Relief System 4.1 CBD Relief System 4.2 Test on Urban Park––Batman Park 4.3 Test on Street––Franklin Street 4.4 Test on High-rise--Roof Garden on Victoria One

Chapter 1 Urban Mental Health

10

High-rise Night, Photo by Ward Roberts

1.1 Mental Disorders are Common in Urban Environment The Definitation of Mental Health

Urban Environment & Mental Health

Health is defined as a complete state of physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being for people, not just the absence of disease.

The 1999 World Health Organization definition of mental health as ‘a state of well-being in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, copes with the normal stresses of life, works productively and fruitfully and makes a contribution to his or her community'.(WHO,1999)

Mental health is relating with social, environmental and economical factors. Urban living situation is making mental disorders more common in urban than rural areas. Reports show the risk of developing depreseeion is 20% higher in urban dwellers than whose who live outside the city.

INDIVIDUAL MENTAL STATE

COMMUNITY BENEFIT

ENVIRONMENT FACTORS

Gear relationship of individual, community and environment factors

12

Environments for mental health domains

13

1.2 Mental Disorders are around us

Urban Mental Disorders

Typical Symptoms

Depression and anxiety disorder are the most frequent mental illnesses in the world, accounted for 3.4% and 3.8%, respectively.

Mental disorders can bring us bad emotions, which in turn affect the daily functions of the body, and even cause other physical diseases.

N O LI IL M 92

6 0.

10

%,

.7

4

%

,7

I 6M

LL

IO

N

3.4%, 264MILLION

The World Health Organization’s 2010 Global Burden of Disease study (Ferrari et al., 2013) reported that depression is now the second largest cause of disability worldwide and a major contributor to suicide and ischemic heart disease. Disease and disability is considered a ‘burden’ because of the profound social and financial impact on the individual, their community, and the wider economy.

DEPRESSION BIPOLAR DISORDER

LLIO

N

0.9%, 71MILLION

0MI 1

Share of Global Population with Disorder (2017)

14

3.8%, 284MILLION

97 3%,

1.4 %,

107

MIL L

ION

2

ANCE USE DISO BST RD SU ER

%,

0.3

N

IO

LL

I 0M

DRUG USE ALCOHOL DISORDER USE DISORDER

A N Y ME NT A

SCHIZOPHRENIA

ANXIETY DISORDERS

OR

0.2%, 16MILLION

ANY MENTAL HEALTH DISORDER

L

EATING DISORDER

Typical Symptoms of Depression & Anxiety Disorders

15

1.3 Australia Faces Mental Health Risks

SHARE OF POPULATION WITH MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS IN 2017 19%

18.38%

18% 17% 16% 15%

Average Line

970 MILLION

Australia

In 2017, more than 10% of world's people lived with a mental health disorder.

$10.6 billion

was spent on mental health by Australia government in 2018-2019

7%

The burden of mental disorders is increasing with each passing year.

4.3 million

people received mental health-related prescriptions in 2018-19

1 in 5

Australians suffer from a mental disorder every year.

$16 trillion

Mental disorders will cost the global economy $16 trillion by 2030.

8-10

Australians take their lives everyday.

Melbourne

16

17

Chapter 2 Site--Melbourne CBD

Vertical Raising in Australia, Photo by Jay Town

18

19

2.1 Background Urban Concentration in Australia Major Cities Australia received 1,379,055 international migrants between 2011-2016, of whom nearly 50% were high-skilled or semi-skilled. The data shows 85.52% of them settled in the greater capital cities, which also attracted many internal migrants from elsewhere in Australia. Greater Sydney and Greater Melbourne, the nation’s top two global cities, received more than 50% of migrants.(Sajeda Tuli, 2019)

en 2011-2016, of whom nearly 50% were m settled in the greater capital cities, e in Australia. Greater Sydney and Greater e than 50%Urban of migrants.

Concentration in Australia

Melbourne not only has the fastest population growth rate, but also has the largest number of super high-rise buildings (including under construction), and is about to surpass Sydney to become Australia's largest city.

SYDNEY

MELBOURNE

4 14 16

18

Brisbane

Brisbane 1.6Million

7 2Million 8

35

49

Perth 0.6Million

Gold Coast

Gold Coast

Number of tall buildings by Australian city City

0.7Million

Number Melbourne

Sydney 60 56

Melbourne

4Million

5.48Million

52

Sydney

48

Population per km2

44

Sydney

40 36

20-99k

400-1k

2k-3.5k

32

5.5k-7.5k

9.5k-12k

15k-18k

22k-28k

7.5k-9.5k

12k-15k

18k-22k

Brisbane 28k-40k

28

4Million

4.96Million

24

Melbourne

4 million

Sydney

5.48 million

Population increased (2010-2019)

49 Skyscrapers increase (in the future)

3.5k-5.5k

20 16

Gold Coast

12 8

Perth

Population Density in Sydney & Melbourne,2015

7

Skyscrapers existed

4 million

1k-2k

4

35

26%

100-399k

0

Melbourne

4.96 million

1 9 6 8

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 4

1 9 7 6

Number of tall buildings by Australian city

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 4

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 4

1 9 9 6

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 2

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 6

2 0 0 8

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 2

2 0 1 4

2 0 1 6

2 0 1 8

2 0 2 0

2 0 2 2

Years

Annual population growth by Australian city

City Number

49

1 9 6 6

City

Number

18

Melbourne

Melbourne Sydney +100k

37%

60

1.7 million

2 million

Perth

56 52

Brisbane

Sydney

+50k

48 44 40

4 8

36 32

+20k

28

Brisbane

1.6 million

2 million 14

Population in 2019 Population in 2020

16

Gold Coast

8

0

1 9 6 6

1 9 6 8

0.6 0.7

8

16

+10k

Perth

4

Gold Coast

Completed Skyscraper (over 150m) Underconstruction Skyscraper (over 150m)

Brisbane

20

12

4

Perth Gold Coast

24

1 9 7 0

1 9 7 2

1 9 7 4

1 9 7 6

1 9 7 8

1 9 8 0

1 9 8 2

1 9 8 4

1 9 8 6

1 9 8 8

1 9 9 0

1 9 9 2

1 9 9 4

1 9 9 6

1 9 9 8

2 0 0 0

2 0 0 2

2 0 0 4

2 0 0 6

2 0 0 8

2 0 1 0

2 0 1 2

2 0 1 4

2 0 1 6

2 0 1 8

2 0 2 0

2 0 2 2

Years

1992

Number of Supergrowth High-rise Australia city City Annual population byby Australian Number

Years

0 1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

2018

Annual Population Growth by Australia City City Melbourne Sydney

20

+100k

21 Brisbane

+50k

2.2 Background Melbourne CBD Fast Vertical Raising

Building Height in 2014

Changes in the Skyline From 2014 to 2019, a large number of residential skyscrapers were approved and constructed in Melbourne CBD. The CBD is going to accomdate more residents rather than commuters. Compared with the skyline in 2014, when office skyscrapers occupy the top place, the top place of Melbourne CBD is now occupied by residential skyscrapers.

Building Height in 2019 (Including developing buildings)

Melbourne Skyline in 2014 from Princes Bridge

Buildings(150m+) functions in 2010

Buildings(150m+) functions in 2015

Melbourne Skyline in 2019 from Queen Victoria Market

Buildings(150m+) functions in 2017

Height variation of buildings with different functions from 2010-2020 in Melbourne Height variation of buildings with different functions from 2010-2020 in Melbourne

22

23

2.3 Urban Environment Analysis A Super High-rise Habitat Analysis of Super High-rises in CBD The new super high-rise buildings are mainly concentrated in the north and west of the CBD. A large number of CBD blocks have been occupied by these super high-rise buildings, forming a super highrise circle surrounding the central business district. These clusters of super high-rise residential blocks have gradually transformed Melbourne's CBD into a comprehensive residential area.

NESS BUSI AREA

EA

D AR

MIXE

AL

TI DEN RESI AREA

D IXE

L

M

EA

AR

TIA

N IDE RES A E AR

Commercial and Business

Green Space

BUILDING FUNCTIONS ANALYSIS

CITY BIRD‘S EYE VIEW OF SUPER HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

Residential

24

Super High-rise Multi-dwelling Unit

Residential

Landmark

Commercial & Business

Tram

Tram Station 100

Super High-rise Multi-Dwelling Unit

0

400 200

M

25

ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC SPACE BASED ON BLOCK Due to the lack of a management mechanism, the super-high level only brought the floor area ratio during development, but ignored the community benefits. Newlydeveloped super high-rise buildings usually do not have or only have outdoor green spaces with relatively single functions. When the entire block is occupied by highdensity super high-rise buildings, the lack of green space and open community space will bring community risks.

CBD

5KM from CBD

15KM from CBD

30KM from CBD

Unreliable Quality Damage inside the Opal Tower at Sydney Olympic Park, where cracking was found in an internal support wall on the 10th floor of the building.

Fire Hazard

Sydney Opal Tower cracks: developer defends 'high-quality' building at Olympic Park

By Namman Zhou 26 Dec 2018 The Guardian

On a balcony crowded with furniture, books and flattened cardboard boxes, a lit cigarette had been smouldering near some clothing, possibly for hours How hundreds of lives were thrown into chaos when Neo 200 caught fire

By Simone Fox Koob MAY 3, 2019 The Age

Group Renting In Docklands, six girls are squeezed into a one-bedroom apartment, with four in the bedroom and two in the living room.

Melbourne's illegal high-rise rooming houses profit from foreign students

By Aisha Dow June 21, 2015 — 11.57am The Age

Illegal brothels Chaos Party Rental

Senior Sergeant Marilyn Ross told Fairfax Media that city apartments - usually in residential high-rise towers - were the newest venues for illegal sex work after massage shops, karaoke bars and hotels.

A 19-year-old woman has been fatally assaulted in a short-stay apartment in Melbourne's CBD after a dispute between two groups of young people at a party.

Illegal sex work in CBD apartments may harbour trafficked women: police

By Chris Johnston the sydney morning herald September 2, 2016 — 11.11pm

Woman dies in Melbourne apartment EQ Tower after dispute between two groups

By Dan Harrison 21 Jul 2018, 1:15pm ABC News

A Typical Super High-rise Block in Melbourne CBD

26

Negative News of Super High-rise Community

27

2.4 Urban Environment Analysis Bustle Streets Analysis of Street Density Perception

The streets of Melbourne cbd are composed of main streets, side streets and laneways.

During commuting hours, there is a huge flow of people in the central area, and the width of the street is usually narrow. The form of greening in the city center is single, with street trees dominated. A broad canopy is formed. But it lacks the greening of the ground and middle layers. This makes the perceived density of the street very high.

Typical Street Section-----Main Street Elizabeth Street

Pedestrain Area

Typical Street Section-----'Little Street' Little Lonsdale Street

Melbourne CBD Pedestrain Volume 28

Typical Street Section-----Laneway Union Lane 29

2.5 Urban Environment Analysis The Young Migrant Group Analysis of CBD Population

The First Foothold for Migrants Due to the characteristics of migrants, they are extremely dependent on CBD public transportation and commerce, which makes CBD apartments their first choice for newcomers.

Statistics show that most of the residents in CBD are young migrants. Most of them are newly arrived in 5 years. Other characteristics include: lack of private vehicles, high education level, low income, and expensive rent.These characteristics are consistent with the argument that young migrants are more vulnerable than settlers(Adli, 2013)because they face greater social pressures.

We need restaurants and markets around.

Student

We need to live near school.

We need convenient traffic.

Population Characteristics in Melbourne CBD Housing Tenure (CBD, 2018)

We need to live near stations

Rented

Owned

Other tenure type

Tourist

We need to live among local people.

Resident Age (CBD, 2018)

0-9 years

20-29 years

10-19 years

30-39 years

40-49 years

50-59 years

We need a cheap apartment.

60 and above

public transport

Usual Address 5 Years ago

Melbourne CBD Area: 6.2 km2

Overseas in 2011

Same as in 2016

Elsewhere in Australia

Population: 50,000 people

Number of Vehicles Owned (CBD, 2018)

Two motor vehicles

Young Family No motor vehicles

One motor vehicle

Vehicles not stated

Three or more motor vehicles

Population Density: 7,630 people per km2 We need to become familiar with the city.

We need to save money for future usage.

We need an small apartment

location Melbourne

Level of education

Area: 2,080 km2

Bachelor Degree Level

Diploma Degree Level

Population: 4,800,000 people Master Degree Level

Not Stated

Certificate level

Others

consumption

Personal weekly income - key groups

$1,750 or more (High)

We need to minimize the time on transportation

Less than $500 (Low)

Business Man

Others

$500 - $1,749 (Moderate)

We don’t need a large space for living

Population Density: 453 people per km2

We need some places for relax during leisure time.

Rent weekly payments

$350 - $374

$375 - $399

$450 - $549

$550 - $649

$650 - $749

$400 - $424

Others

Population Characteristics in Melbourne CBD The First Foothold for Migrants

30

31

Daytime

Fast Consumerism Life CBD residents live in a fast consumerism lifestyle, usually have a small radiums of daily routine, and spend most of their time indoor. The environment of chasing capital brings CBD residents high living pressure.

Others

9%

Commuting

12%

Indoor

79% Nighttime

Daily Routine Radium

The Youngster's Fast Consumerism Life

32

33

2.6 Urban Environment Analysis Green System

Suburban residents may spend more time to explore the outdoor activities, but city residents are living with another life. Melbourne suburbs have a large number of green spaces that can provide differentiated natural activities, and there are also a large number of historical gardens and parks outside the CBD. However, due to the characteristics of CBD residents, these interesting green spaces lack connection with their daily lives.

The Pier Geelong 65KM

Point Cook Coastal Park 20KM

JK Grant Reserve 12KM

Flemington Racecourse 5KM

Royal Botany 2KM

5KM

Yarra Flats Park 10KM

10KM

20KM

Pound Bend Reserve 22 KM

30KM

Dandenong Ranges National Park 36KM

40KM

50KM

Mount Donna Buang 70KM

60KM

Green System around CBD

Green Space & Outdoor Activities in Melbourne

34

Great natural view

Surburbs Golf Park

Royal Gardens

Downtown Roof Gardens Royal Gardens

Surburbs Golf Park

70KM

Great natural view

35

2.7 Analysis Conclusion

In the context of the continuous development of urban agglomeration, CBD residents are facing great pressure. The life of the city is getting closer and closer to the consumption places in the city, but it is getting farther and farther from the surrounding natural space. Is it possible to re-establish the connection between CBD residents and nature through some means, and introduce the green space outside the city into people's lives, so as to bring out the mental health benefits of the green space system?

Unfamiliar Environment

Limited Economic Income

Live Alone Social Isolation Money Workship Work & Study Pressure No private Vehicle Small Apartment High rent

A CBD resident's cognative map of CBD 36

Need for relief 37

Chapter 3 Consequential Relief Theories

Forest Bathing, photo by Qing Li

38

39

3.1 Theoretical Framework

Literature Review--Green & Mental Health It has already been observed by Frederick Law Olmsted in the 19th century that experiencing and simply viewing nature reduces the stress of daily urban life. (Ulrich, 1979; Jackson, 2001). Frumkin (2001) has also expressed the innate human attraction to nature.

Greening which adds greenspace without taking up extra space on ground level while land is often scarcely supplied in these densely populated areas. Environmental benefits are the most well-known and studied. There are many benefits on other aspects such as economic which includes more usable spaces and increase property value; social which includes fostering community interaction, facilitating recreational and leisure activities and also aesthetic benefit which gives visual relief and interest.

Consequential Relief Theory By studying the theories about green therapy, attention restoration and stress recovery theory mainly by Kaplan,Parmentier, and Ulrich, landscape has the restorative effect for mental state. Concluded from the theories, landscape could realize targets like high green perception, community attachment. These targets could be a consequential method to relieve corresponding urban stress.

There is a long history of the use of gardens to improve health and well-being as well as social relations (Armstrong, 2000). Good living environment is critical in fostering healthy development. With the improvements in ambient environmental quality, urban green space can provide more opportunity to enjoy the outdoor environment and activities which in return enhance the community health and well-being (James, 2004). It promotes further opportunities for physical activity and increasing longevity (Takano et al., 2002). It was also found that contact with plants, water, and other natural elements, or even an appreciation of their beauty or an enjoyment of their quiet and relaxing atmosphere can help to calm anxiety and cope with life’s stresses (Ulrich, 1979).

View of green

High perceived density

Forest Path Social isolation

Community Attachment

Horicultural planting

Outdoor sport Money workship

Social and environmental goals are often mutually reinforcing as social capital begins in the neighbourhood while design that builds social capital also imparts environmental benefits.

Moreover, there are strong public-health arguments for the incorporation of greenery, natural light, and visual and physical access to open space in homes and buildings.

High green perception

Work/study pressure

Urban Stress

Healthy lifestyle & value

Attention restoration Natural exposure

Consequential Relief

Sensory species

Restorative Landscape

Community workers, public health officials and urban planners are increasingly concerned about declining levels of physical and psychological health of city dwellers. The reasons behind this alarming trend are complex. Much of the blame is being levelled at factors such as car dependency, long commuter distances, polluted and unsafe environments – all of which make it difficult to undertake the physical exercise needed to combat many serious diseases. Poor nutrition – particularly over consumption of high density foods – is another significant factor in the equation, especially in disadvantaged communities where fresh produce is often hard to find and expensive.

Psychologically there is satisfaction that comes from the joy of a successful harvest (Kaplan, 1973). Gardeners report decreased stress as well as “the feeling of a spiritual connection with ‘Mother Earth’ ” (Prevention Institute, 2004, p. 23). Sharing of food from the garden, as well as favourite recipes, contributes to relationship building which in turn, can lead to community cohesion and enhanced levels of acceptance and belonging.

40

41

3.2 Precedents

Traditional Healing Garden

Together in the garden

Self-regulation

The garden and me

Alnarp Rehabilitation Garden

Modern Healing Garden

color

shape

Healing

sound

The traditional healing gardens focuses on shape, color, material, sound, vegetation, to create spatial environment for patients to calm and get happiness. In a more common aspect, the goods line looks at citizen leisure requirements and community benefits, provides continuous relief activity spaces and enhanced the connection between the north and the south in Sydney CBD.

material

vegetation

Crown Sky Garden

Common Restorative landscape

Continuous Activity Space

The Goods Line

42

43

3.3 Consequential Relief Principle The 4 basic ofCriterions relief landscape The characteristics Criterions of Restorative landscape The of Restorative landscape

Factors related to strength of restoration Factors related to strength of restoration Factors related to strength of restoration Factors related to strength of restoration

The Criterions The Criterions of Restorative landscapeof Restorative landscape

Fascination

Fascination refers to the aesthetic elements in the environment that attract our involuntary attention. It can be felt and input into our mind naturally and effortlessly. For example, the soft form, diversified plant collocation.

Being Away

Being Away Fascination Fascination Being Away

Fascination Fascination

Extent

Being Away Being Away

Compatibility

Factors related to strength of restoration

Being away can isolate people from everyday stressful environments geographically or psychologically. It makes people feel free from stress. Going through a natural area after work can refresh your into leisure state.

Greenness Greenness

Greenness Durationsupports & Frequency people Duration & Frequencythe landscape. to explore Greenness Extent Duration & Frequency Duration & Frequency refers to physically, but also psychologically large.

It not only Sub areas with different landscape features are required in a certain space, rather than a single feature landscape. Different sub-regions must be connected enough to make them part of a larger Compatibility requires that the restorative landscape can support what the individual wishes to do without confusion or distraction.

This does not improperly demand directed attention. People can carry out the activities that people want in the restorative space.

Extent Extent

Extent Extent

Compatibility Compatibility

Compatibility Compatibility

Factors related to strength of restoration

TheGreenness 3 factors enhancing relief level

Duration & Frequency

Engagement

During & Frequency

Engagement Engagement

The Engagement more a person participates in the landscape, the better Engagement relaxation and recovery they will get. For example, gardening has a higher level of stress and emotional recovery than reading in the same garden.

Greeness refers to the greening rate and the diversity of greening. For example, the more trees and grassland around communities and apartments, the more harmonious the relationship between neighbors and the higher The duration and frequency of visits to natural areas are the biggest factors

Factors related to strength of restoration

Away

bility

Engagement

Greenness

Duration & Frequency

Greeness

44

Greenness

Duration & Frequency Engagement

45

3.4 Existing Growing Green Policies Urban Forest

Green Roof

Green Laneway

Green Laneway

Urban Forest

Phoneix Rooftop Image from Bent Architecture

Urban Forest Strategy

Urban GreenForest Laneway Green Roof

Green Laneway

The Existing Green Policies

Coromandel Place Image from City of Melbourne

Growing Green Guide

Green Roof

Green Roof climate change

ecosystems urban heat island Urban Forest Strategy Image from City of Melbourne

water-sensitive

Green Roof, Green Wall, Green Facade Image from Bent Architecture

community

Melbourne has a large number of green plans for the highly built CBD to balance the relationship between urban development and the natural environment, such as Urban Forest Strategy, Green Roof and Green Laneway. The content includes goals such as adapting to climate change, creating an ecosystem, reducing the urban heat island effect, and building water-sensitive cities.

At the same time, the rapid development of cities will also affect the mental health of residents. While improving environmental problems, the benefits of the urban environment to the mental health of residents should also be taken seriously.

46

?

MENTAL HEALTH & WELLBEING

47

3.5 Consequential Relief Goals

Street Goals

Street--Landscape to go through. The street plays an involuntary (passive) healing effect in the relief system. When people walk across the street, their perception of the street landscape will naturally relax them, restore their attention, and devote themselves to the next period of work and life. The specific measures are to expand green spaces in the streets and increase soft landscape interventions. Planting boxes and green screens (vertical greening) are basic restorative facilities that are very suitable for streets. It could isolate the motor vehicle lanes and sidewalks, and enhance the sense of road safety. Then, increase the greening degree of the middle layer at the height of 1-2M. Also, the nearby shops and residents can participate in street gardening through lease and claim.

1. Street Horticulture

RUN

SLOW

Run Track

Slow Track

Bike Way

RUN

W

BIKE

Sensory Experience

Share Planting Box

BIKE

Run Track

Bike Way

Share Planting Box

Sensory Experience

Rent Shop Owner

2. Flexible Community Space

Planting & maintenance

Street Horticulture

Planting Box Bio-Buffer

Sand

Green Roof

Swale

Vine

Resident Sand

Green Roof

Swale

Vine

0.6M

Planting Box with Bench

Deck

Sport Facility

Share Library

Outdoor Dinning 1.2M

0.6M

nch

Deck

Sport Facility

Share Library

Outdoor Dinning

Planting Box

3. Green Relief Avenue

RUN

SLOW

Run Track

Slow Track Playground

Sport Club

Lawn

Sport Club

Lawn

BIKE

Bike Way

Share Planting Box

Sensory Experience

River Bank

Roof Garden

River Bank

Roof Garden

Relief Space Module

RUN

SLOW

Slow Track

Run Track

BIKE

Bike Way

Share Planting Box Bio-Buffer

Sensory Experience Sand

Green Roof

Swale

Vine

Green Avenue

48

49

Park Goals

Roof Goals Roof--Landscape to look out into. In the relief system, greening and building gardens on appropriate private roofs should be encouraged. The high-rise roof garden is firstly the most accessible community oasis for high-rise residents and office workers in this building. More importantly, the green roof can provide green vision for urban residents in nearby buildings. In the busy urban life, when we are trapped in our own apartment and in front of the desk for most of the time, reaching the natural space from the view can greatly relieve our psychological pressure. To achieve the effect of looking down on the landscape from a height, the relief roof should be designed cleverly with local wild species with good visual effects.

Park--Landscape to spend time in. In the relief system, park can provide the closest experience to nature. The park provides a wealth of activities suitable for all ages, Run Track Way Sensory Planting Boxmore time in day and night, toBikesupport people Share to spend theExperience natural space. The activity facilities and leisure facilities in the park should use natural materials as much as possible and integrate them with the natural environment.Providing natural play and exploratory experience in the park can give a richer experience of contact with nature as much as possible within the limited urban park.

RUN

Sand

BIKE

Green Roof

Swale

SLOW

1. Natural Experience RUN

Sport Facility

BIKE

Run Track

Slow Track Deck

Vine

Share Library

Bike Way

RUN

SLOW SLOW

Share Planting Box

Outdoor Dinning

Sensory Experience

RUN

Slow Track

Run Track

Slow Track

1. Public Visual Benefit BIKE

BIKE

Run Track Bike Way

Bike Way Share Planting Box

Share Planting Box

Sensory Experience

Sensory Experience

BIKE

Bike Way Lawn

Share Planting Box Sport Club

Bio-Buffer

Sensory Experience Roof Garden

Sand

River Bank

Green Roof

Swale

Vine Bio-Buffer

Bio-Buffer Sand

Sand Green Roof

2.Outdoor Activity

Planting Box with Bench Green Roof

Swale

Deck

50

Share Library

Sport Facility

Share Library

Outdoor Dinning Planting Box with Bench

Planting Box with Bench

Lawn Outdoor Dinning

Swale

Swale

Vine

Vine

2. High-rise Oasis

Vine

Playground Sport Facility

Green Roof

Sport Club

Deck

River Bank

Roof Garden Playground

Playground Lawn

Deck Sport Facility

Lawn Sport Club

Sport Facility Share Library

Sport Club Roof Garden

Share Library

Outdoor Dinning

Outdoor Dinning

Roof Garden

River Bank

River Bank

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Chapter 4 Consequantial Relief System

Green Edge, Photo from Science

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4.1 CBD Relief System

Greem Relief System The Green Relif System includes the green and blue facilities surrounding CBD, Green Avenue and Promenade connecting the parks, Green laneways, as the branches, and pocket green space and roof gardens as city oasis. It hopes to introduce the green space around of CBD inside CBD residents' daily life to make mental health benefits.

Urban Park

Green Avenue

Roof Garden 54

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4.2 Test on Urban Park Batman Park

Site Situation Batman Park is a small open lawn space with Spencer Street to the west, Flinders Street Viaduct to the north and King Street to the east.

Railway Elevated

In the current CBD planning, Batman Park is an important node on the Yarra River Promenadede route. Due to the viaduct on the north, the main entrance of Batman Park is located on the east and west sides.

Currently, the vegetation in the park consists of eucalyptus trees that rarely mature without underlayers or seedlings. The land is covered with non-native grass, forming vast lawns that intersect with the underlying network of sealed roads.This makes the function of the park relatively simple. BBQs and paths along the river are popular activities in Batman Park. Currently, a new open-air market is under construction under the viaduct. Enterprize Park on the east side is also being updated. This will bring more vitality to Batman Park.

Rebecca Walk Project

Batman Park Spencer Street

King Street

Yarra River

To Southbank

To Southbank

Park

Helicopter Platform

Riverbank

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50M

Park entrance

Park path

Commercial area

Market path

Empty Lawn

Popular BBQ Area

*Photos from Google Map57

Design Plan The main design is to give more natural experience space to batmanpark, which was originally dominated by a single large grassland. Increase the frequency of citizen visits, stay time, and interaction with natureOn the basis of retaining the original route of Batman Park, new spaces and routes have been divided, and multiple nature-related experience spaces have been designed in a limited area, including forest experience, sensory experience, sunshine experience and hydrophilic experience.

Sunshine Lawn

Forest Picnic

Forest Boardwalk

Facility

Vision

Natural

Entertainment Natural Riverside Natural

Space

0

10 5

Barefoot Labyrinth

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Picnic Experiecne

Hydrophilic Trampoline

Riverside Promenade

Riverside Barbeque

M Path

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Section A A A'

30

0 10

Wild Picnic

The picnic area is close to the new market which isunder the viaduct. A long picnic table spreading along the terrain, interspersed in the woods.

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M

Hydrophilia Trampoline

Boardwalk and trampoline extending to the surface of the water. Give tourists an interesting hydrophilia experience.

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Section B B

30

0 10

Barefoot Labyrinth

It is a circular labyrinth enclosed by Sensory Bush. Sand, moss, cork, pebbles and other natural sensory materials are applied on the ground to bring visitors a barefoot experience.

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B'

M

Forest Exploration

The elevated boardwalk brings a high point of view in the park. The path enriches the route in the park and also provides an opportunity to get close to the tree canopy.

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Perspective View

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4.3Test on Street Franklin Street Location

Site Situation

New QVM Plaza

Franklin Street New Metro Station

Victoria Street

Flagstaff Garden

Carlton Garden RMIT Campus

Franklin Street is a nearly 40M wide street from east to west in the north of the CBD. It connects Flagstaff Garden, Queen Victoria Market, New Metro Station, RMIT Campus and Carlton Garden. There are a large number of high-rise apartments on both sides. The traffic on Franklin Street is not high. A lot of street space is occupied by parking spaces. The street facilities are simple, with street trees and independent seats.

A new metro station and new QVM square would be constructed on the west and east side of Franklin Street.Franklin Street. Franklin Street will become an important corridor in the north of the CBD.

Site Photos

New QVM square

New metro station

Office plaza

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Central car parking

Alee tree

Side car parking

Street Bench

Middle motorbike parking

Public toilet

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Design Plan

New Metro Station New QVM Plaza

20 0 The design goal of Franklin Street is mainly to enhance the green perception of passers-by and increase the community connection and sense of participation among residents in high-rise communities. The main strategy is to create green indirect relaxation space by canceling the central parking space on the road and adding continuous greenery on both sides. Plant native and sensory herbs. On this basis, set up community spaces along the green belt to encourage street socialization and life.

The community space will contain four basic models, which are arranged according to the surrounding building types and the needs of the flow of people, and can be transformed or converted according to the situation in the future.

M 60

Section(before & after)

4500

2000

3000

3500

3500

6000

3500

3500

3000

4500

2000

0

10 M

5

Pedestrain

Pedestrain

Drive Way

Plan of spaces(before & after)

Pedestrain Area

Green Space

Car/Motor Park

4500

Pedestrain Area Green Space Relief Space Car/Motor Park

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Bike Way

4000

2000

1800

3500

3500

3500

3500

1800

2000

4000

4500

0

10 5

Pedestrain

Bike

Drive Way

Bike

M

Pedestrain

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Share Planting Zone

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Share Planting Zone is a street planting area with the theme of sharing. It is managed by the high-rise community. Street horticulture can be promoted here.

Fresh edible herbs such as rosemary and mint are cultivated by the community residents. Participating in planting and sharing in person can increase community connections and bring residents community engagement.

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Street Parlor Street Parlor brings an opportunity to wait or meet friends in a public space full of flowers and plants. It is mainly arranged next to high-rise apartments, extends the apartment's lobby to the street.

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Dinning Bar Dinning Bar includes a public dining space and a commercial bar that can be rented out. It is arranged at busy intersections. This green public dining space provides more contact with nature during the short mealtime for busy urbanites.

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Outdoor Library Outdoor Library is combined with bookshelf and relaxed reading space. Reading can expand the psychological extent and encourage people to stay for a longer time on the street. The open bookshelf also gives people the opportunity to share books with others.

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Perspective View

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4.4 Test on High-rise Roof Garden on Victoria One Site Introduction Victoria One is a skyscraper located at the corner of Elizabeth Street and Franklin Street.

It was compleeted in 2018 and was the highest residential skyscraper (247M, 74 floors) in CBD at that time. This building is located at one of the most dense area in CBD, with at least 7 other skyscrapers in the diameter of 1 kilometer.

These high-rise buildings usually provide indoor public spaces such as gymnasiums, swimming pools, reservable living rooms, etc., to attract investment.Like other high-rise buildings in this neighborhood, Victoria One does not provide open community space and green space.

Bar

Poker Room & Dinning Room

Gym, Pool

Lobby

Victoria One Apartment Site Area: 937m2 Floors: 74 Rooms:644 Residents:1288 Entrance

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PLAN

A 82

B 83

Space Analysis This building will be used as an example to design a public community space to improve the mental health of residents.The main design is a meandering healthy runway that complements planting and leisure Spaces. the runway is designed to be curved to make the entire circulation longer. The slope of the runway is constantly changing, making the excercise more interesting. Both sides of the track are surrounded by lawns and planted fruits and vegetables. The space for people to rest is designed to have canopy. It is hoped this space could be opened for the public or for other super high-rise residents in some way.

Community Planting

Sky Path

NORTH ELEVATION 1:100 Sky Parlor Sunlight Lawn

SECTION A-A 1:50 PERSPECTIVE VIEW FROM WEST SIDE

SECTION B-B 1:50

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Reflection

Based on the background of high modern environmental pressure and life isolated from the natural system, Consequential Relief hopes to explore the mental health benefits of different kinds of urban spaces and form a green system to relieve the urban environmental stress on nowadays urban residents. It is hoped the system could be embedded into CBD and residents' daily life.

Through research on green therapy and related theories, the project summarized how the landscape plays a role in mental health, hoping to efficiently embed the mental health benefits of the landscape in the city center with limited space and the life of residents in a limited time.

The Project chose a park, a street, and a roof for specific explorations. Through the application of consequential relief principles, combined with the actual situation, these typical urban spaces have mental health-related benefits. In these three different spaces, small spaces with different functions are divided and developed to encourage urban residents to live outdoors, to have more connections with the community and nature, and to use the mental health benefits of the landscape to seek in this process A healthier urban lifestyle.

The limitation is that Consequential Relief mainly chooses three kinds of spaces related to daily life for high-rise residential community, and it is more about exploring how to embed this system into residents' lives. For a wider range of spaces, can the consequential relief system be further developed by opening up the bottom space of the building, connecting roof gardens, park lanes, etc.? From the perspective of residents' lives, Consequential Relief currently focuses on the design of green natural spaces. For the future, can it be combined with digital and intelligent equipment and facilities to further embed this system into the modern lives of urban residents?

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Books: 1. Composition and Characteristics of the Green Space Basic Planning in High Density Urbanized Area: Taking Tokyo 23 Special Wards as an Example, Wang Qianna, Tan Min, He Xin, Luo Yanyun, UPI, 2018 2. High-Rise Apartments and Urban Mental Health––Historical and Contemporary Views, Danica-Lea Larcombe, Eddie van Etten, Alan Logan, Susan L. Prescott, and Pierre Horwitz Link https://www.mdpi.com/2078-1547/10/2/34 3. Souter-Brown, Gayle. Landscape and Urban Design for Health and Well-Being: Using Healing, Sensory and Therapeutic Gardens. Routledge, 2015, doi:10.4324/9781315762944.

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7. Pomeroy, Jason. The Skycourt and Skygarden : Greening the Urban Habitat. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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